Journal articles: 'Padding'

1

Jenkins, Alun. "Padding the beat." BSAVA Companion 2011, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0511.8.

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Smith, R. "Postoperative eye padding." British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.9.691.

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Kim, Kimoon, Myungseo Park, Jongsung Kim, Changhoon Lee, Dukjae Moon, and Seokhee Hong. "Safety Analysis of Various Padding Techniques on Padding Oracle Attack." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security and Cryptology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13089/jkiisc.2015.25.2.271.

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Yan, H., and G. V. Barbosa-Cánovas. "The Effect of Padding Foam on the Compression Characteristics of Some Agglomerated Food Powders." Food Science and Technology International 7, no. 5 (October 2001): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/wc69-qfnv-vn6e-lh00.

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Selected padding foam was used to reduce attrition in agglomerated food powders. This is a widely used strategy in fruits and vegetables during harvesting and processing to minimize impact damage. The objective of this research was to determine the padding effect on some agglomerated food powders when plastic foams of different thicknesses were added in the powder bed at different positions while conducting confined uniaxial compression tests. The padding effect was evaluated by two proposed indices: padding index and padding efficiency. The former index was based on the force-deformation behavior of the compression process, while the latter was based on weight comparisons of agglomerates retaining their original particle size with or without the use of padding foams. The padding thickness and positions significantly affect the force-deformation relationships for both agglomerates: instant coffee and instant milk. The padding effect, in terms of padding efficiency and padding index, was more obvious when the padding material was put at the top of the powder bed. The padding efficient index is more useful, in the cases under consideration, than the other index, because it should be more sensitive in depicting attrition.

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Jermy, Andrew. "PADding up for differentiation." Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, no. 7 (June 8, 2009): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2168.

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Naccache, David. "Padding attacks on RSA." Information Security Technical Report 4, no. 4 (January 1999): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1363-4127(99)80085-5.

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Speke, R. W. "Variables in Padding Processes." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 70, no. 6 (October 22, 2008): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1954.tb02032.x.

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Marshall, W. J. "Affinity Effects during Padding." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 71, no. 1 (October 22, 2008): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1955.tb02047.x.

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Eager, David, Shilei Zhou, Imam Hossain, Karlos Ishac, and Ben Halkon. "Research on Impact Attenuation Characteristics of Greyhound Racing Track Padding for Injury Prevention." Vibration 5, no. 3 (August 4, 2022): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration5030028.

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To reduce injuries to greyhounds caused by collisions with fixed racing track objects such as the outside fence or the catching pen structures, padding systems are widely adopted. However, there are currently neither recognised standards nor minimum performance thresholds for greyhound industry padding systems. This research is the first of its kind to investigate the impact attenuation characteristics of different padding systems for use within the greyhound racing industry for the enhanced safety and welfare of racing greyhounds. A standard head injury criterion (HIC) meter was used to examine padding impact attenuation performance based on the maximum g-force, HIC level and the HIC duration. Initially, greyhound racing speed was recorded and analysed with the IsoLynx system to understand the potential impact hazard to greyhounds during racing which indicates the necessity for injury prevention with padding. A laboratory test was subsequently conducted to compare the impact attenuation performance of different kinds of padding. Since padding impact attenuation characteristics are also affected by the installation and substrate, onsite testing was conducted to obtain the padding system impact attenuation performance in actual greyhound racing track applications. The test results confirm that the padding currently used within the greyhound industry is adequate for the fence but inadequate when used for rigid structural members such as the catching pen gate supports. Thus, increasing the padding thickness is strongly recommended if it is used at such locations. More importantly, it is also recommended that, after the installation of padding on the track, its impact attenuation characteristics be tested according to the methodology developed herein to verify the suitability for protecting greyhounds from injury.

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Li, Jing Xin, Yan Cheng Peng, and Xin Zhang. "Abatement of Toluene by Non-Thermal Plasma Combined with Photocatalyst." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2147.

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The toluene being abatement by non-thermal plasma combined with photocatalyst was studied in the paper. As one of main factors, the influence on toluene abatement efficiency of gas flow rate, initial concentration and electric field intensity was analyzed in the study. Furthermore, the energy efficiency was another important index which had been compared among the different padding including of no padding, γ-Al2O3 padding and TiO2/γ-Al2O3 padding. The result of study showed that the technology of non-thermal plasma combined with photocatalyst had better buffer action against increasing of gas flow rate and initial concentration. When the abatement efficiency was more than 52%, the energy efficiency values had the tendency as TiO2/γ-Al2O3 >γ-Al2O3 padding > no padding.

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Hughes, Angus, Matt Carré, and Heather Driscoll. "Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Shoulder Padding and Shoulder Injury in Rugby Union." Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 4, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42978-021-00140-2.

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Abstract Purpose To develop an understanding of the role of shoulder padding in rugby union by investigating player perceptions and attitudes towards shoulder padding and extending research into shoulder injuries in rugby. Methods An online survey was distributed to past and current rugby players over 13 years old in 2018. Questions related to the participants’ demographic, attitudes to shoulder padding and shoulder injury history. Results Six hundred and sixteen rugby players responded to the survey; 66.1% of respondents had worn shoulder padding at some point. The age group 24–29 years old (∆R2 = 0.03, B = − 0.53, P = 0.015) had an inverse association with padding effectiveness while playing experience groups 1–2 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.8, P = 0.032), 3–5 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.70, P = 0.002) and 6–9 years (∆R2 = 0.03, B = 0.41, P = 0) had a positive association. There are 37.1% of respondents considering shoulder padding to be effective at preventing cuts and abrasions with 21.9% finding it very effective; 50.3% considered it to be effective or very effective (9.7%) at preventing contusion; 45.5% wore padding for injury prevention, while 19.2% wore padding to protect from reoccurring injury. Sprain/ligament damage (57.5%) and bruising (55.5%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Conclusions The primary reason for wearing shoulder padding was as a means of injury prevention. Research should focus on quantifying the injury preventive capabilities of shoulder padding. Bruising, cuts and abrasion injuries to the shoulder are prevalent presenting new findings that these injuries are underreported.

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Akita, Kimi. "Register-Specific Morphophonological Constructions in Japanese." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3267.

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<p>This paper argues that the idea of Construction Morpho(phono)logy (henceforth CM) in the sense of Booij (2010) works well in the analysis of many register-specific expressions in Japanese. Japanese is often (unofficially) said to be morpho-syntactically “less constructional” than languages like English. This kind of remark seems to stem in part from the apparent rarity of constructional template-based innovation like the one cited in (1a), in which the otherwise intransitive verb <em>sneeze</em> occurs in a transitive sentence frame with the help of the well-known “caused-motion construction” given in (1b). What seems to be its Japanese equivalent is clearly ungrammatical, as shown in (1c).</p><p style="text-align-left;padding-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">1a. Fred sneezed the napkin off the table. (Goldberg 1995:156)<br />1b. The caused-motion construction in English (Goldberg 1995:152)</p><p style="ext-align-left;padding-left: 30px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">syntax: [SUBJ [V OBJ OBL]]<br /> semantics: ‘X CAUSE Y to MOVE z’</p><p style="text-align-left;padding-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">1c. *Hureddo-ga teeburu-kara napukin-o kusyami-si-ta.</p><p style="ext-align-left;padding-left: 30px; padding-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">F-NOM table-from napkin-ACC sneeze-do-PST<br /> ‘Fred sneezed the napkin off the table.’</p><p>In this study, however, it will be shown that the language has a rich constructional architecture at least at the word level.</p>

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Nieto-Gil, María Pilar, Ana Belen Ortega-Avila, Manuel Pardo-Rios, and Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron. "Effectiveness and Duration of Plantar Pressure Off-loading by Two Designs of Felt Padding: A Preliminary Study." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 109, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/17-146.

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Background: The aim of this study was to observe the pressure changes in the felt padding used to off-load pressure from the first metatarsal head, the effects obtained by different designs, and the loss of effectiveness over time. Method: With a study population of 17 persons, two types of 5-mm semicompressed felt padding were tested: one was C-shaped, with an aperture cutout at the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and the other was U-shaped. Pressures on the sole of the foot were evaluated with a platform pressure measurement system at three time points: before fitting the felt padding, immediately afterward, and 3 days later. Results: In terms of decreased mean pressure on the first metatarsal, significant differences were obtained in all of the participants (P < .001). For plantar pressures on the central metatarsals, the differences between all states and time points were significant for the C-shaped padding in both feet (P < .001), but with the U-shaped padding the only significant differences were between no padding and padding and at day 3 (P = .01 and P = .02). Conclusions: In healthy individuals, the U-shaped design, with a padding thickness of 5 mm, achieved a more effective and longer-lasting reduction in plantar pressure than the C-shaped design.

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Zhang, Shao Qin, and Lei Wu. "Numerical Analysis of the Influence of the Padding-Plate on the Extended End-Plate Connection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.505.

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In the present paper, we investigate the effect of a padding-plate on the behavior of extended end-plate semi-rigid connections. The numerical simulations were carried out for a standard extended end-plate connection joint without padding-plate and two connection joints with 4mm and 6mm thick padding-plates. The existing experimental results verified the validity of the numerical model. The numerical results have shown that a thin padding-plate will more or less decline the carrying load capacity of the connection joint but greatly improve the connect ductility. Filling a thin padding-plate in the end-plate connection is feasible and brings the forewarning function.

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Farrar, Nicholas, Kempland C. Walley, Kameron A. Shams, Kristopher Mell, David M. Walton, James R. Holmes, and Paul G. Talusan. "Contact Pressure Reduction in the Anterior Ankle During Placement of Short Leg Splints." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00195.

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Category: Trauma; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Lower extremity splints are commonly used in orthopaedic care throughout emergency departments, operating rooms, and outpatient clinics. Although the mainstay of ankle immobilization, they have been associated with ulcers due to high contact pressures over bony prominences and the anterior ankle. High contact pressures may occur in the anterior ankle when splint padding is applied while the ankle is in a plantarflexed position and subsequently dorsiflexed as the plaster or fiberglass hardens. The purpose of this study is to measure contact pressures in the anterior ankle when cast padding is applied in a plantarflexed position and subsequently dorsiflexed. We hypothesized, that the removal of padding over the anterior ankle following dorsiflexion would result in reduced anterior ankle contact pressures. Methods: Short leg posterior U-splints were applied to the right lower extremity in two healthy volunteers with an underlying pressure transducer [Tekscan I-Scan system (Tekscan Inc, South Boston, MA, USA)] on the skin surface centered over the tibialis anterior tendon. Anterior ankle surface pressures were measured when the padding was applied in maximum plantar flexion and dorsiflexed to neutral position as measured by a goniometer. This was then repeated in the same subjects but prior to dorsiflexion, a 3cm x 3cm square of padding was removed over the pressure transducer prior to dorsiflexion. Percent change from initial contact pressure centered on the tibialis anterior with either Webril (Covidien/Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland), or Specialist Cotton Blend Cast Padding (BSN Medical, Charlotte, NC, USA) was calculated. Results: There were 2 limbs analyzed for presentation of this pilot data. The percent change in anterior ankle contact pressure when padding was applied in plantar flexion and then placed in neutral was an average increase of 264% with just padding and 238% with padding and plaster. [TP1] Subsequently, the removal of padding from the anterior ankle resulted in an average decrease of 126% of[TP2] the increased pressure relative to baseline measurements (Figure 1). The reduction in contact force with the removal of Webril was greater than Specialist. Conclusion: In this pilot data, we report increases in anterior ankle contact pressures when splint padding is applied in plantar flexion and re-positioned into neutral. However, removal of anterior ankle padding reduces pressure over the anterior ankle and may reduce the risk of iatrogenic splint related ulcers in this area. Additionally, this technique may elicit varying reductions in anterior ankle pressure depending on the type of cast padding utilized. This data, though preliminary, underscores the importance of avoiding excess padding over the anterior ankle during splint application.

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Wang, Le, Jinbo Yao, Jiarong Niu, Jianyong Liu, Bo Li, and Mao Feng. "Eco-Friendly and Highly Efficient Enzyme-Based Wool Shrinkproofing Finishing by Multiple Padding Techniques." Polymers 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111213.

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Wool fibers usually need shrinkproofing finishing. The enzyme process is an eco-friendly technology but the traditional exhaustion treatment usually takes excessive time. This study developed a novel multiple padding shrinkproofing process of wool with Savinase 16L and an organic phosphine compound {[HO(CH2)n]3P, n ∈ (1, 10)}. SEM and XPS analyses were employed to compare the wool treated respectively by exhaustion and by padding to reveal the effect of multiple padding. The results showed that treated wool fiber achieved the requirement of machine-washable (area shrinkage less than 8% according to standard TM 31 5 × 5A) in 2.5 min by the padding process. The padding process can control the adsorbance of enzyme on wool, which makes treatment more uniform and avoids strong damage of the wool. Also, the removal efficiency of the disulfide bond was about 15 times as much as in the exhaustion treatment in 2.5 min. The average catalytic rate of the padding process was 14 times faster than the exhaustion process, and the process time (2.5 min) decreased by 32.5 min compared with the exhaustion process (35 min). Multiple padding techniques can achieve continuous production and replace the environmentally harmful chlorination process. Our results provide the underlying insights needed to guide the research of the enzyme process application.

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Baek, Seongmin, Yunho Jung, and Seongjoo Lee. "Signal Expansion Method in Indoor FMCW Radar Systems for Improving Range Resolution." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124226.

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As various unmanned autonomous driving technologies such as autonomous vehicles and autonomous driving drones are being developed, research on FMCW radar, a sensor related to these technologies, is actively being conducted. The range resolution, which is a parameter for accurately detecting an object in the FMCW radar system, depends on the modulation bandwidth. Expensive radars have a large modulation bandwidth, use the band above 77 GHz, and are mainly used as in-vehicle radar sensors. However, these high-performance radars have the disadvantage of being expensive and burdensome for use in areas that require precise sensors, such as indoor environment motion detection and autonomous drones. In this paper, the range resolution is improved beyond the limited modulation bandwidth by extending the beat frequency signal in the time domain through the proposed Adaptive Mirror Padding and Phase Correction Padding. The proposed algorithm has similar performance in the existing Zero Padding, Mirror Padding, and Range RMSE, but improved results were confirmed through the ρs indicating the size of the side lobe compared to the main lobe and the accurate detection rate of the OS CFAR. In the case of ρs, it was confirmed that with single targets, Adaptive Mirror Padding was improved by about 3 times and Phase Correct Padding was improved by about 6 times compared to the existing algorithm. The results of the OS CFAR were divided into single targets and multiple targets to confirm the performance. In single targets, Adaptive Mirror Padding improved by about 10% and Phase Correct Padding by about 20% compared to the existing algorithm. In multiple targets, Phase Correct Padding improved by about 20% compared to the existing algorithm. The proposed algorithm was verified through the MATLAB Tool and the actual FMCW radar. As the results were similar in the two experimental environments, it was verified that the algorithm works in real radar as well.

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Laffont and Tirole. "Cost Padding, Auditing and Collusion." Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, no. 25/26 (1992): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20075864.

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Hirose, Shoichi. "Sequential Hashing with Minimum Padding." Cryptography 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography2020011.

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Kuzmanov, G., S. Vassiliadis, and J. T. J. van Eijndhoven. "Hardwired MPEG-4 repetitive padding." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 7, no. 2 (April 2005): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2005.843365.

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Bowman, John C., and Malcolm Roberts. "Efficient Dealiased Convolutions without Padding." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 33, no. 1 (January 2011): 386–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100787933.

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Bougheas, Spiros, and Tim Worrall. "Cost padding in regulated monopolies." International Journal of Industrial Organization 30, no. 4 (July 2012): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2011.12.001.

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Khadilkar, Sanjeev N., and Somenath Biswas. "Padding, commitment and self-reducibility." Theoretical Computer Science 81, no. 2 (April 1991): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90190-d.

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Ahmad Fozi, Muhammad Aiman, Mohamed Najib Salleh, and Khairul Azwan Ismail. "Development of 3D-printed customized facial padding for burn patients." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2017-0179.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop 3D-printed customized padding to increase pressure at the zero pressure region. This padding is specifically intended for facial areas with complex contours in pressure therapy treatment of hypertrophic scars. Design/methodology/approach To carry out this study, a full-face head garment was fabricated by a local occupational therapist, and pressure measurements were conducted to establish the pressure exerted by this head garment and to determine the zero pressure region. Furthermore, an additional manufacturing method was used to construct customized padding, and pressure measurements were performed to measure the pressure exerted after application of this customized padding. Findings The results reveal that 3D-printed customized padding can increase pressure at the zero pressure region, which occurs on complex contour surfaces with a spatial gap because of non-contact of the head garment and facial surfaces. Practical implications This paper suggests that an additive manufacturing method using 3D printing is capable of producing accurate, functional and low-cost medical parts for rehabilitation. Moreover, the 3D-printed padding fabricated by additive manufacturing assists in generating optimal pressure, which is necessary for effective pressure therapy. Originality/value Digital design using 3D scanning, computer-aided design and 3D printing is capable of designing and producing properly fitting, customized padding that functions to increase pressure from zero to an acceptable pressure range required for pressure therapy.

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Bi, Xia-an, Xiaohui Wang, and Hong Liu. "Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Solution for Virtual Routers with Padding Misbehavior in Cloud Computing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/901461.

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With the development of cloud computing and virtualization, a physical router can be multiplexed as a large number of virtual routers. TCP-based interactive applications have an incentive to improve their performance by padding “junk packets” into the network among real communication packets. This padding misbehavior will upgrade short TCP flows from “mice” to “elephants” and consequently lead to network congestion and breakdown. This paper presents a detailed solution and analysis for describing the normal behavior and padding misbehavior of virtual routers. In particular, a system model for analyzing behavior of virtual routers is based on evolutionary game model, and, through analyzing the stability of the equilibrium points, the stable point is the solution to the problem. The clear evolutionary path of network applications with the normal behavior and padding misbehavior is analyzed by the corresponding graph. Then this paper gives the behavior control suggestions to effectively restrain the padding misbehavior and maintain stable high-throughputs of the router. The simulation results demonstrate that our solution can effectively restrain the padding misbehavior and maintain stable high-throughputs of the router simultaneously compared with the classical queue management.

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Mittendorf, Brian. "Capital Budgeting when Managers Value both Honesty and Perquisites." Journal of Management Accounting Research 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2006.18.1.77.

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It has long been recognized that padding of budgets is a concern that can complicate the practice of resource allocation. At the same time, experimental evidence suggests budget padding is somewhat restrained by a managerial preference for honesty. This paper models the confluence of these two incentives and considers the effect on optimal budgeting policies. In the model, budgetary transfers are established so as to reduce the manager's gain from padding which, in turn, forces the manager to think twice before seeking more funds. An effect of this optimal contract is that when facing a manager whose preference for honesty is uncertain, the firm encourages honesty but is resigned to the fact that padding may appear. Contrary to casual intuition, the extent of equilibrium budget padding is not necessarily monotonic in either the extent of information asymmetry or the prevalence of managers who value honesty.

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Chen, Bao Guo, Zhi Bin Huang, Xue Ting He, Lei Liu, and Zhi Bo Zhao. "Numerical Simulation Analysis for Padding Assisted Roll-Bending Process." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1153.

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Padding assisted roll-bending process is an advanced method to manufacture cylindrical thin-walled structure with variable thickness. A finite element model was established to study the deformation behavior of the padding assisted roll-bending process. In the numerical simulation model, aluminum sheet was selected as an elasto-plastic model, and nylon material was as an elastic model. The research results show that the radius of roll-bent thin-walled aluminum cylinder decreases with increasing of padding material’s stiffness, decreasing of the thickness ratio of nylon-to-metal and increasing of the roller stroke, and that an appropriate thickness compensation of padding material can improve the curvature consistency of cylindrical thin-walled structure with variable thickness.

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Bartsch, Adam J., Edward C. Benzel, Vincent J. Miele, Douglas R. Morr, and Vikas Prakash. "Boxing and mixed martial arts: preliminary traumatic neuromechanical injury risk analyses from laboratory impact dosage data." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 5 (May 2012): 1070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.12.jns111478.

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Object In spite of ample literature pointing to rotational and combined impact dosage being key contributors to head and neck injury, boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) padding is still designed to primarily reduce cranium linear acceleration. The objects of this study were to quantify preliminary linear and rotational head impact dosage for selected boxing and MMA padding in response to hook punches; compute theoretical skull, brain, and neck injury risk metrics; and statistically compare the protective effect of various glove and head padding conditions. Methods An instrumented Hybrid III 50th percentile anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was struck in 54 pendulum impacts replicating hook punches at low (27–29 J) and high (54–58 J) energy. Five padding combinations were examined: unpadded (control), MMA glove–unpadded head, boxing glove–unpadded head, unpadded pendulum–boxing headgear, and boxing glove–boxing headgear. A total of 17 injury risk parameters were measured or calculated. Results All padding conditions reduced linear impact dosage. Other parameters significantly decreased, significantly increased, or were unaffected depending on padding condition. Of real-world conditions (MMA glove–bare head, boxing glove–bare head, and boxing glove–headgear), the boxing glove–headgear condition showed the most meaningful reduction in most of the parameters. In equivalent impacts, the MMA glove–bare head condition induced higher rotational dosage than the boxing glove–bare head condition. Finite element analysis indicated a risk of brain strain injury in spite of significant reduction of linear impact dosage. Conclusions In the replicated hook punch impacts, all padding conditions reduced linear but not rotational impact dosage. Head and neck dosage theoretically accumulates fastest in MMA and boxing bouts without use of protective headgear. The boxing glove–headgear condition provided the best overall reduction in impact dosage. More work is needed to develop improved protective padding to minimize linear and rotational impact dosage and develop next-generation standards for head and neck injury risk.

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Brito, Aron Caiuá Viana de, Ana Patrícia Fontes Magalhães Mascarenha, Josemar Rodrigues de Souza, Jorge Alberto Prado de Campos, Marco Antonio Costa Simões, and Robson Marinho da Silva. "Face recognition in Service robotics: Analysis of the padding effect according to people age / Reconhecimento facial em robótica de serviço: análise do efeito de preenchimento de acordo com a idade das pessoas." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 12 (December 29, 2021): 115849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n12-376.

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Service robots usually perform repetitive tasks such as collecting garbage, cleaning the house, among others. This kind of robot needs different skills to perform its daily tasks, being people´s recognition a critical skill. One of the techniques used to improve face recognition is padding. The padding technique increases, by a given scale factor, the bounding box of a detected face. In previous work, we had presented a comparative analysis of the influence of the padding in the algorithm used for face recognition. This paper extends the previous analysis by considering the effect of various padding scale factors among different life stages (i.e., toddler, children, teenager, adult, senior, and golden oldie). The result of this analysis shows that increasing the bounding box of detected faces is less efficient for middle-aged people than for younger and elderly people.

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Kim, Jeong Hyeon, and Sung In Cho. "Foreground-aware Padding-based Video Retargeting." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 56, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2019.56.5.29.

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Al-Jawhar, Yasir Amer, Khairun Nidzam Ramli, Montadar Abas Taher, Nor Shahida Mohd Shah, Lukman Audah, and Mustafa Sami Ahmed. "Zero-Padding Techniques in OFDM Systems." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 704–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2018.10.4.6.

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Yuli Yang and Sonia Aissa. "Bit-Padding Information Guided Channel Hopping." IEEE Communications Letters 15, no. 2 (February 2011): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2011.010311.102020.

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Broadbent, Arthur D., and Xulei Bao. "Simulating Textile Padding with Vacuum Extraction." Textile Research Journal 64, no. 4 (April 1994): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759406400407.

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Broadbent, Arthur D., Xulei Bao, Safia Hamoudi, and Xiao Xing Kong. "Simulating Textile Padding with Vacuum Extraction." Textile Research Journal 64, no. 5 (May 1994): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759406400503.

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Edirisinghe, E. A., J. Jiang, and C. Grecos. "Shape adaptive padding for MPEG-4." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 46, no. 3 (2000): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.883404.

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ROBICSEK, FRANCIS, and D. ANTHONY HAMILTON. "Presternal Muscle Padding Following Midline Sternotomy." Journal of Cardiac Surgery 4, no. 4 (December 1989): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1989.tb00293.x.

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Dick, Thom. "TP: Handy padding in a pinch." JEMS: Journal of Emergency Medical Services 33, no. 7 (July 2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-2510(08)70249-3.

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Laws, D. E., M. T. Watts, G. R. Kirkby, and J. Lawson. "Is padding necessary after cataract extraction?" British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.9.699.

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Du, Ruizhong, Yuqing Zhang, and Mingyue Li. "Database Padding for Dynamic Symmetric Searchable Encryption." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (December 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9703969.

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Dynamic symmetric searchable encryption (DSSE) that enables the search and update of encrypted databases outsourced to cloud servers has recently received widespread attention for leakage-abuse attacks against DSSE. In this paper, we propose a dynamic database padding method to mitigate the threat of data leakage during the update operation of outsourcing data. First, we introduce an outlier detection technology where bogus files are generated for padding according to the outlier factors, hiding the document information currently matching search keywords. Furthermore, we design a new index structure suitable for the padded database using the bitmap index to simplify the update operation of the encrypted index. Finally, we present an application scenario of the padding method and realize a forward and backward privacy DSSE scheme (named PDB-DSSE). The security analysis and simulation results show that our dynamic padding algorithm is suitable for DSSE scheme and PDB-DSSE scheme maintains the security and efficiency of the retrieval and update of the DSSE scheme.

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Yimga, Jules. "Competition and Schedule Padding in the US Airline Industry." Review of Network Economics 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2021-0016.

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Abstract Disclosure programs can help consumers with limited information about product quality make better purchase decisions. A quality disclosure mandate such as the On-Time Disclosure Rule in the U.S. that requires airlines to provide information on the quality of their products can be beneficial, but can also be counterproductive if it encourages airlines to act deceptively by “gaming” the system. If airlines care about public perceptions of their on-time record, they have an incentive to improve their on-time performance ranking by resorting to unscrupulous means such as padding their schedules beyond normal time required to absorb scheduling stochastic fluctuations. This study investigates the impact of competition on airline schedule padding. We construct a measure for schedule padding under different optimal flight time choices. Using different measures of market structure, we find that more competitive (concentrated) markets are subject to less (more) schedule padding.

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Sunarsieh, Sunarsieh, and Paulina Paulina. "The Use of Coconut Fiber Padded Seat in Reducing Vibration and Fatigue of Bus Drivers." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 11, SI (June 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v11isi.2022.1-9.

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Introduction: Environmental factors such as vibration can affect work fatigue. The previous research results showed that there was a relation between vibration and fatigue, with the use of ergonomic seats by bus drivers. Then conducting experimental research on making ergonomic seat padding made from coconut fiber to reduce the level of vibration and driver fatigue was investigated. The purpose of this research was to analyze the differences in seating vibrations and the bus driver fatigue who did not use a padding seat and one who used it. Methods: The research design was experimental. The research subjects were 42 bus drivers. The vibration intensity was measured using a vibrometer and work fatigue was measured using a reaction timer, then the data were analyzed by T-test. Results: Based on research results the vibration of bus drivers who did not use seat padding was greater than those who did (p=0.001). Those who used seat padding had lower mean fatigue than drivers who did not use it (p=0.001). Conclusion: Vibration and work fatigue in bus drivers who did not use a padding seat was greater than those who used it and the difference was statistically significant. The use of ergonomic seating for bus drivers was very useful for reducing vibration.

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Yao, Guo Ping, and Jin Huan Zheng. "Application of Vitamin E Microcapsules on Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.261.

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Vitamin E microcapsules prepared using spray drying were applied to fabrics in thefinishing processby means of padding, and characterization of microcapsules was studied.Experimental conditions for the textile padding process were based on industrial requirements.Morphologies and core-shell structure of the microcapsules and particle size distribution were studiedusing scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a particle size analyzer.The effectiveness of textile padding (adherence state of microcapsules on textiles and washingfastness) was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Basedon the present reseach, vitamin E successfully adhered to textiles, and a kind of skin-care product hasbeen developed.

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Teitz, Carol C., Richard M. Harrington, and Hannah Wiley. "Pressures on the Foot in Pointe Shoes." Foot & Ankle 5, no. 5 (May 1985): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078500500502.

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This study was designed to determine the relative pressures on the first and second toes and first MTP joint when dancing en pointe, in addition to the variation of these pressures as a function of toe length, foot position, and padding. The first ray always bore the most pressure. Pressures on the second toe varied as a function of toe length and padding. Relevé in the everted position markedly increased first MTP joint pressures. Further research is required to determine whether properly designed padding and positioning of the foot en pointe could decrease the incidence of toe problems in the ballet dancer.

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Tasak, E., A. Ziewiec, A. Zielińska-Lipiec, and K. Ziewiec. "Problems of Pad Welding Structural Steels with Martensitic Filler Metal." Advances in Materials Science 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2019-0008.

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AbstractThere is a problem in obtaining a suitable impact strength of the padding weld after cladding with a martensitic filler metal. Too low annealing temperature below 580°C and the excessive annealing temperature above 650°C do not provide adequate impact strength of the padding weld. A heat treatment technology for mixed joints has been developed based on the results of the microscopic observations, X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscope examination. The problem was identified and a special technology of heat treatment for the dissimilar joint was elaborated. This technology provides a high impact resistance of the padding weld and an appropriate properties of the base material.

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Romli, Fairuz Izzuddin, and Mah Ban Seng. "A Study of Flight Pad Time for Scheduling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.517.

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Flight delays have become a big problem for current air transportation system, especially in busy domestic markets like those in the United States. This situation is predicted to worsen in the future with progressive increase in the air traffic demands. Since on-time performance has become a main competitive element for market success, many airlines resort to the flight padding practice as a means to improve their ranking. In brief, flight padding time is the additional time incorporated into the flight schedule to compensate for predicted delays. This study explores flight padding practices by identifying the factors that can influence the decision-making process for the required amount of pad time to be added for a particular flight route. Examples of ATL-JFK and ATL-SFO flight routes have been used to demonstrate the results of this study. All in all, it is shown that the flight padding practice is widely-used by airlines and scheduling factors such as departure time and month of flight have high influences in dictating the amount of the required pad time.

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ROMEK, Dawid, Jarosław SELECH, Dariusz ULBRICH, Agata FELUSIAK, Piotr KIERUJ, Agata JANEBA-BARTOSZEWICZ, and Daniel PIENIAK. "THE IMPACT OF PADDING WELD SHAPE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY TOOLS ON THEIR ABRASIVE WEAR." Tribologia 290, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3740.

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The paper presents laboratory tests results of wear in the abrasive mass of cultivator coulters subjected to coated electrode pad welding. In the first stage of the test, one type of electrode was used and a padding weld was applied to the coulter surface in three different shape variants (perpendicular, parallel to the abrasive mass stream and V-shaped). The lowest abrasive wear was obtained for samples with a padding weld deposited perpendicularly to the abrasive mass stream. Therefore, in the second stage of the research, this padding weld shape was selected and made using three different electrodes. Tests of abrasive wear both in the first and the second stage of the experiment were carried out at a distance of 100 km by the "rotating bowl unit" method. Both the direction of the application of the padding weld (shape) and the chemical composition of the electrode used in the pad welding process significantly increased the resistance to abrasive wear compared to coulters whose surface has not been welded.

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Kulawik, Adam, and Joanna Wróbel. "Numerical Study of Stress Analysis for the Different Widths of Padding Welds." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6771.

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In the presented study, the cases of regeneration of the element made of C45 steel, using the MAG (Metal Active Gas) method are analysed. The base material is applied to the regeneration process. The analysis of the influence of the padding weld width (0.006 m, 0.01 m, 0.014 m) and the preheating temperature on the phase transformations and effective stresses of the regenerated layer are performed. A non-standard approach to preheating (before each padding weld after the cooling to ambient temperature) is considered. Due to the possibility of simplifying the model from 3D to 2D (symmetry of calculations for long padding welds), calculations were performed using the finite element method in the transverse to the padding direction. Each new padding weld was included as an additional area in the finite element mesh. The developed numerical model includes a temperature model, phase transformations in the liquid and solid states, and the stress model in the elastic-plastic range. The aim of the regeneration is not only to obtain the original geometry of the element, but it is also important that the filler material used (in the considered case identical to the base material) has appropriate properties. These properties largely depend on the phase composition. The used filler material affects not only the hardness, brittleness, and ductility of the material. Its kinetics and changes in the geometry can cause significant stresses and even cracks. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that increasing the width of the padding welds causes a decrease in the level of residual effective stress; however, it is technologically difficult to accomplish. The most unfavourable stresses occur in the initial area of the pad welding zone. For lower preheating temperatures and smaller welds, areas with possible cracks are identified. In these cases, lower preheating and tempering should be carried out, which leads to similar energy costs as at higher preheating temperatures. Due to the complex phase transformation process for medium carbon steels and the need for the process parameters control, proper regeneration is possible only in automated workstations. Keywords: computational mechanics, numerical simulation, padding weld, preheating, strain analysis, stress

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Aiman, A. F., M. N. Salleh, and K. A. Ismail. "Pressure Generated from Head Garment with Padding Insert Used for Hypertrophic Scar Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.282.

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Pressure garment is a standard non-surgical treatment for hypertrophic scar caused by burn injury. However, the main problem identified was the non-uniform pressure distribution due to the complexity of the contour at the facial area. Therefore, padding was developed to produce more efficient pressure distribution. This study used 3D scanning apparatus to obtain the cross sections of the facial area. The padding was developed using 3D modeling software which act as an insert to fill the gaps at the contact area of the garment and facial areas. The result shows that by inserting the padding underneath the garment, the pressure outputs indicate an acceptable pressure range with the suitable reduction factor for the head garment fabrication.

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Réal Thivierge, Monseñor Guy. "La universidad católica: desafíos y promesas." Universitas, no. 15 (December 30, 2011): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/uni.n15.2011.08.

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<div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Intentaré insertarme en el tema elegido para esta reflexión, tomando las ideas que deseo compartir con ustedes, primero, de las fuentes de mi experiencia universitaria personal, y, en segundo lugar de las fuentes de la Federación Internacional de Universidades Católicas (FIUC), observatorio privilegiado de sensibilidades, cuestionamientos y prácticas universitarias del mundo.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Iniciaré tratando de elaborar una panorámica de algunos desafíos a los que están llamadas a responder las universidades católicas hoy. Que marcan cada vez más la identidad de nuestras instituciones, nuestra manera de vivir la misión, sin olvidar la calidad de nuestras interacciones, y hasta de nuestras cooperaciones. De ahí el título de mi reflexión: La universidad católica: desafíos y promesas.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Parto de una constatación: la universidad se encuentra en una fase de transformación importante bajo la presión de exigencias diversas. Ya sea del Norte o del Sur, rica o pobre, privada o pública, comparte fundamentalmente las mismas preocupaciones, se plantea cuestiones sobre su razón de ser y su desarrollo futuro. Elabora su balance y reevalúa sus misiones frente a los desafíos que le imponen las sociedades actuales, en el plano local y en el global. De una forma u otra, parece haber una cuestión en el corazón de la reflexión universitaria:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">¿Cómo poner la ciencia y la investigación científica, las artes y sus prácticas, los saberes, los conocimientos y las técnicas, productos de la inteligencia y de la imaginación del género humano, al servicio de lo humano, subentendido de una manera absolutamente particular en la universidad católica, de todo lo humano?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">¿Cómo conseguirlo, habida cuenta de las solicitaciones que nos apremian por todas partes, desde dentro y desde fuera, a la eficiencia y a la eficacia? ¿Cómo resistir, en un contexto de globalización, a la ofensiva de los mercados? ¿Se ha convertido el conocimiento en un producto de consumo que se pueda comprar o vender? Aquí tenemos un primer conjunto de cuestiones que se han vuelto ineludibles hoy en las universidades, públicas o católicas. ¿Cómo marcan estos desafíos y las apuestas que implican el presente y el futuro de las instituciones?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> </div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">¿De qué recursos dispone la universidad católica para responder a estos interrogantes?</span></div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">¿Cómo puede seguir siendo fiel a la magna tradición universitaria a la que pertenece y, al mismo tiempo, abrirse con sabiduría a los imperativos de la posmodernidad?</span></div><div id="cke_pastebin" style="text-align: justify; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Ya lo habrán presentido, la empresa es inmensa, compleja, y supera ampliamente el marco de una intervención como ésta. Voy a esbozar algunas facetas de la puesta en tela de juicio a la universidad de hoy y procuraré examinar, de un modo más específico, algunos de los desafíos que debe enfrentar: el desafío del desarrollo científico y tecnológico, el de la implantación de una sociedad del conocimiento, la ofensiva de los mercados sobre la universidad, la internacionalización de la educación superior “vía Internet”.</span></div><p> </p>

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Pao, William, Xiaohui Chen, and Lin Chao. "Optimization of Insulation Padding for Directional Solidification." Journal of Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.321.325.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Padding'

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