Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Padding'
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1
Hyatt, Daniel (Daniel Elliot). "Proposed testing method for foam padding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69778.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 31).
One very basic necessity for foam padding testing technology is the ability to test two different padding samples and compare the results. The current standard for testing is to use a steel anvil backing for the padding, create an impact and record the parameters of the collision. The standardized method of testing with a steel anvil backing may not truly depict which foam or padding is actually the most protective, and this project aims to demonstrate how using a more humanlike backing produces more accurate test results. The experimentation setup used a projectile shot with a known velocity at various padding samples, where both a steel anvil and urethane foam are used as separate backings for the experiment. The steel anvil represents the current industry testing standard, whereas the urethane foam is meant to physically replicate the characteristics of human flesh. Using a load cell which is calibrated with an oscilloscope, a curve of the force applied over time will be recorded for each test run. From this force curve, the peak force, total impulse, and energy dissipated were calculated for each collision. By comparing these metrics across different foam padding specimens using the two padding backings across different velocities, the effect of varying the padding backing are demonstrated in the experimental results. Although using the steel anvil backing lead to generally similar recommendations for the best padding, it does not capture a lot of the details which are necessary to truly understand how different foam specimens compare with each other. Two main conclusions are drawn regarding the difference between the steel anvil and urethane foam setups: the difference in the shape of the force over time curves and the significance of changing the velocity of the impact. Using the urethane foam backing also established two different regimes which define whether or not the padding user would feel a significant impact. The parameters of these regimes provide the best data for deciding on appropriate foam specimens. The steel anvil backing lacks any capacity to test or predict which impacts are severe enough to cause serious injury.
by Daniel Hyatt.
S.B.
2
Skaltsas, Gerasimos. "Analysis of airline schedule padding on U.S. domestic routes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66870.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127).
Every airline passenger faces the risk of arriving late because flight times are subjected to many sources of variability. These can be weather conditions and airspace congestion, imbalances between airport demand and capacity, fleet and crew availability, technical failures and delays in maintenance, and other airline operations such as boarding and fueling. The main objective of this thesis is to explore the most common sources of variability in flight operations and study how U.S. carriers add buffer time (or pad) to scheduled block time to account for them. Using flight data from FAA Aviation System Performance Metrics, we analyze the scheduled and actual flight times on 2359 directional non-stop domestic routes during 2009. The time of each flight is decomposed to delay at gate, taxi-out time, airborne time and taxi-in time. Then, the buffer time of each flight is computed, using as nominal airborne time the lO percentile of the actual airborne time distribution. Our study consists of two parts. First, an aggregate statistical analysis is performed, concentrating on trends and correlations among factors such as buffer, flight time components, route distance, seasonality effects, delays caused by Ground Delay Programs, time of day and day of week, a flight's relative position to other flights operated on the same day by the same aircraft, total number of flights operated by the same aircraft during a day, the role of airport and carriers' network structure. Finally, we perform an econometric analysis through linear regression models to estimate how some of the above factors affect carriers' padding and their on-time performance. The results indicate distance and time of day to be the most important factors that affect schedule padding. While absolute buffer increases with distance, when buffer is measured as a fraction of nominal block time it decreases exponentially. Furthermore, buffer and on-time performance fluctuate strongly over the course of the day, with flights scheduled to arrive during the evening peak having the worst on-time performance, despite the fact that these flights are padded the most. The data reveal that among the studied carriers Southwest pads its schedule more extensively, achieving a very high on-time performance, whereas other low cost carriers pad their flights substantially less, and have a lower on-time performance. Our findings also show that flights destined to the carrier's hub have more buffer than flights destined to spoke airports. Last, competition has a positive effect on schedule buffer and on-time performance.
by Gerasimos Skaltsas.
S.M.in Transportation
3
Stockslager, Tess Rebecca. ""Life wants padding" food, eating, and bodies in George Eliot's novels /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Dong, Xiao. "Period and glitch reduction via clock skew scheduling, delay padding and glitchless." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12869.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes PGR, an architectural technique to reduce dynamic power via a glitch
reduction strategy named GlitchLess, or to improve performance via clock skew scheduling
(CSS) and delay padding (DP). It is integrated into VPR 5.0, and is invoked after the
routing stage. Programmable delay elements (PDEs) are used as a novel architecture
modification to insert delay on
fiip-
flop (FF) clock inputs, enabling all optimization steps
to share it, avoiding multiple architecture modifications. This thesis investigates the trade-
off between power and performance, and finding an appropriate compromise considering
process variation and timing uncertainties.
To facilitate realistic power estimates, a popular activity estimator, ACE, is modified
with a new model to estimate glitching power, taking into account the analog behavior of
glitch pulse width reduction as it travels along FPGA routing tracks. We show that the
original glitch estimation method can underestimate glitching power by up to 48%, and
overestimate by up to 15%.
In terms of performance, an average of 15% speedup can be achieved via CSS alone, or
up to 37% for individual circuits. Although delay padding only benefits a few circuits, the
average improvement of those circuits is an additional 10% of the original period, or up to
23% for individual circuits. In addition, GlitchLess is performed on both the original VPR
and post-CSS solutions. On average, 16% of glitching power can be eliminated, or up to
63% for individual circuits.
5
Watson, Gaven James. "Provable security in practice : Analysis of SSH and CBC mode with padding." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530797.
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Messou, Ehounoud Joseph Christopher. "Handling Invalid Pixels in Convolutional Neural Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98619.
Full textAbstract:
Most neural networks use a normal convolutional layer that assumes that all input pixels are valid pixels. However, pixels added to the input through padding result in adding extra information that was not initially present. This extra information can be considered invalid. Invalid pixels can also be inside the image where they are referred to as holes in completion tasks like image inpainting. In this work, we look for a method that can handle both types of invalid pixels. We compare on the same test bench two methods previously used to handle invalid pixels outside the image (Partial and Edge convolutions) and one method that was designed for invalid pixels inside the image (Gated convolution). We show that Partial convolution performs the best in image classification while Gated convolution has the advantage on semantic segmentation. As for hotel recognition with masked regions, none of the methods seem appropriate to generate embeddings that leverage the masked regions.Master of Science
A module at the heart of deep neural networks built for Artificial Intelligence is the convolutional layer. When multiple convolutional layers are used together with other modules, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is obtained. These CNNs can be used for tasks such as image classification where they tell if the object in an image is a chair or a car, for example. Most CNNs use a normal convolutional layer that assumes that all parts of the image fed to the network are valid. However, most models zero pad the image at the beginning to maintain a certain output shape. Zero padding is equivalent to adding a black frame around the image. These added pixels result in adding information that was not initially present. Therefore, this extra information can be considered invalid. Invalid pixels can also be inside the image where they are referred to as holes in completion tasks like image inpainting where the network is asked to fill these holes and give a realistic image. In this work, we look for a method that can handle both types of invalid pixels. We compare on the same test bench two methods previously used to handle invalid pixels outside the image (Partial and Edge convolutions) and one method that was designed for invalid pixels inside the image (Gated convolution). We show that Partial convolution performs the best in image classification while Gated convolution has the advantage on semantic segmentation. As for hotel recognition with masked regions, none of the methods seem appropriate to generate embeddings that leverage the masked regions.
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MacAlister, Anna Margaret. "Head Impacts in Hockey and Youth Football: Biomechanical Response and Helmet Padding Characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76964.
Full textAbstract:
The research presented herein is a combination of work done in two distinct subcategories of sport related head injury research. The body of work is aimed at increasing the understanding of head impact biomechanics across a broad spectrum of impact scenarios as well as the ability of helmets to affect head impact biomechanics over time. The first study utilizes in situ testing of controlled impacts of an instrumented head form to more fully characterize head accelerations resulting from impacts to the ice, board, and glass surfaces present in an ice hockey rink. The full characterization of head impacts across a spectrum of loading conditions and impact surfaces gives researchers insight into head impact tolerance and head protection capabilities and limitations in ice hockey. The second study details the development of a method to impact helmet pads for repeated loading studies based on published head impact exposure data. The third study uses this newly developed methodology to test the effects of a season of impacts on the energy absorbing properties of three different helmet padding technologies. The body of work is aimed at increasing understanding of head impact and concussion and the ability of existing helmet technologies to prevent these injuries with a goal of reducing the occurrence of injury.Master of Science
8
Jiang, Shu. "Efficient network camouflaging in wireless networks." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3067.
Full textAbstract:
Camouflaging is about making something invisible or less visible. Network
camouflaging is about hiding certain traffic information (e.g. traffic pattern, traffic
flow identity, etc.) from internal and external eavesdroppers such that important
information cannot be deduced from it for malicious use. It is one of the most challenging
security requirements to meet in computer networks. Existing camouflaging
techniques such as traffic padding, MIX-net, etc., incur significant performance degradation
when protected networks are wireless networks, such as sensor networks and
mobile ad hoc networks. The reason is that wireless networks are typically subject to
resource constraints (e.g. bandwidth, power supply) and possess some unique characteristics
(e.g. broadcast, node mobility) that traditional wired networks do not
possess. This necessitates developing new techniques that take account of properties
of wireless networks and are able to achieve a good balance between performance and
security.
In this three-part dissertation we investigate techniques for providing network
camouflaging services in wireless networks. In the first part, we address a specific
problem in a hierarchical multi-task sensor network, i.e. hiding the links between
observable traffic patterns and user interests. To solve the problem, a temporally constant traffic pattern, called cover traffic pattern, is needed. We describe two traf-
fic padding schemes that implement the cover traffic pattern and provide algorithms
for achieving the optimal energy efficiencies with each scheme. In the second part,
we explore the design of a MIX-net based anonymity system in mobile ad hoc networks.
The objective is to hide the source-destination relationship with respect to
each connection. We survey existing MIX route determination algorithms that do
not account for dynamic network topology changes, which may result in high packet
loss rate and large packet latency. We then introduce adaptive algorithms to overcome
this problem. In the third part, we explore the notion of providing anonymity
support at MAC layer in wireless networks, which employs the broadcast property
of wireless transmission. We design an IEEE 802.11-compliant MAC protocol that
provides receiver anonymity for unicast frames and offers better reliability than pure
broadcast protocol.
9
Wessel, Nathan. "Discovering the Space-Time Dimensions of Schedule Padding and Delay from GTFS and Real-time Transit Data." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1445342602.
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Muquet, Bertrand. "Nouveaux schémas de réception et décodage pour les systèmes OFDM sans fil avec préfixe cyclique ou zero-padding." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0022.
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Muquet, Bertrand. "Nouveaux schémas de réception et décodage pour les systèmes OFDM sans fil avec préfixe cyclique ou zéro-padding /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38874410p.
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Bansal, Tarun Kumar. "Designing generic asymmetric key cryptosystem with message paddings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117071/1/Tarun%20Kumar_Bansal_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on structural remodelling and security proof of cryptographic schemes. A message pre-processing, also known as asymmetric message padding, is an essential step in asymmetric encryption which is heavily used in secure banking applications. In this thesis, we propose new effective padding schemes and able to mitigate the various computation and memory overhead compared to previous works. We are also able to provide streaming capability which was missing in most of the previous works. Mathematical security proof of proposed schemes justifies their security.
13
Swarup, Ashish, and ash198@gmail com. "Application of Traditional Medicines on Textiles." RMIT University. Fashion and Textiles, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080521.114106.
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As science and technology has developed, the manner by which drugs can be delivered has grown. This research explores an alternative method for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to the body. The basis of the study involves the application of traditional medicines on textiles. Boswellia Serrata Extract (B.S.E.) is a common traditional medicine used for curing body pains. The most common form of B.S.E. based products are creams that are applied directly to the skin. Experiments show that these creams were not suitable as a basis for applying to textile materials because the creams contain highly volatile compounds, which on drying the treated textile, post application, cause almost total loss of the B.S.E. The approach used was the application on textiles of a 'commercial' topical medicine applied as a cream for, where B.S.E. is a major constituent. Cotton woven fabric was padded with this cream and tested for washing and rubbing fastness. The presence of highly volatile substances in the topical cream resulted in a negligible amount of the medicine on the dried treated fabric. Another approach was used for the application of B.S.E. onto the textile substrate. A commercially available B.S.E. powder was applied to woven fabric using a pad mangle. Tests were carried out to validate the
14
Phan, Duong Hieu. "Sécurité et efficacité des schémas cryptographiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001442.
Full textAbstract:
La sécurité prouvée est une branche relativement jeune de la cryptologie dont l'objectif est d'analyser formellement le but ultime des schémas cryptographiques: la sécurité. Elle ne cherche pas à atteindre la sécurité absolue mais plutôt à identifier les conditions suffisantes, au sens de la théorie de la complexité, pour garantir la sécurité. La sécurité prouvée est en étroite relation avec les trois principaux mouvements de la cryptographie: la formalisation des notions de sécurité; la construction des schémas formellement prouvés sûrs et la recherche de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour la cryptographie. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons dans un premier temps l'analyse des notions de sécurité, à la fois pour le chiffrement asymétrique et pour le chiffrement symétrique. D'une part, nous étudions en détails les modèles d'attaque et les relations entre eux pour le chiffrement asymétrique. D'autre part, pour le chiffrement par bloc, nous mettons en évidence la relation entre la notion traditionnelle du chiffrement par bloc, i.e. permutation (super) pseudo–aléatoire, et avec la notion de base de la confidentialité, i.e. sécurité sémantique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons de nouveaux schémas efficaces et prouvés sûrs pour la cryptographie asymétrique dans le modèle de l'oracle aléatoire (de nouveaux paddings pour le chiffrement et des paddings universels pour le chiffrement et la signature). Nous présentons, de plus, une nouvelle catégorie de schémas prouvés sûrs: les schémas de chiffrement sans redondance. Jusqu'à présent, la redondance était nécessaire pour prouver la sécurité. Nous proposons, dans la troisième partie, une nouvelle fonctionnalité du traçage de pirates pour la diffusion des données chiffrées: la traçabilité publique. Nous présentons aussi un schéma satisfaisant cette propriété. Ce schéma est ensuite généralisé à un schéma quasi optimal selon le critère du taux entre de la taille des données chiffrés et celle des données originelles.
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Hallman, Erika, and Linnea Menning. "Överbelastningsskador och dess påverkan på prestationsförmåga och träning för elitsatsande sprintkanotister : - en kvantitativ enkätstudie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129977.
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Bakgrund: Det finns begränsat med forskning genomförd på sprintkanotister. De studier som genomförts rapporterade att ländrygg, bröstrygg och skuldra är de vanligaste skadelokalisationerna. Hittills har inte rapporterats hur skadorna påverkar träningsmängd och prestation. Syfte: Syftet var att kartlägga förekomsten av överbelastningsskador och dess påverkan på prestationsförmåga och träning för svenska elitsatsande sprintkanotister. Metod: En kvantitativ enkät användes för att genomföra en tvärsnittsstudie. Enkäter delades ut till 30 kvinnor och 42 män på en tävling som var uttagningsgrundande för landslaget. Enkäten som användes var en modifierad version av den svenska översättningen av OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire. Datan analyserades med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS där analysmetoderna Mann-whitney och Kruskall-wallis användes. Resultat: Totalt delades 75 enkäter ut och 72 svar kom in. Femtio (69%) kanotister rapporterade att de hade en överbelastningsskada. Den vanligaste skadelokalisationen var hand/underarm följt av skuldra, ländrygg och bröstrygg. Åtskilliga kanotister tränade trots överbelastningsskada och detta var mer vanligt bland kvinnor än män. Det fanns ett samband mellan mindre träningsmängd och mer smärta. Konklusion: En hög andel av kanotisterna rapporterade överbelastningsskador. Hand/underarm var den skadelokalisation som var vanligast bland kanotister medan ländrygg och skuldra var de som hade störst påverkan på träning och prestation.Introduction: There is limited research on injury prevalence among sprint kayakers. The previous studies reported a high prevalence of overuse injuries located in the lumbar and thoracic spine and the shoulders. The injury impact on performance and training has not yet been reported. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of overuse injuries among elite sprint kayakers in Sweden and the impact of these on performance and training. Method: A quantitative questionnaire was used to perform a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 women and 42 men during a sprint kayak competition during wich the national team was to be selected. A modified version of the Swedish translated questionnaire OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire was used. The statistic program SPSS was used for data analysis, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis were perfomed. Results: Seventy-five questionnaires were distributed and 72 kayakers responded. Fifty (69%) kayakers reported an overuse injury. The most common reported injury location was hand/forearm followed by shoulder, lumbar and thoracic spine. Several kayakers participated despite overuse injury, something which is more common among women than men. There was a correlation between less training hours and more pain among the kayakers. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of overuse injuries reported among the sprint kayakers. Hand/forearm was the most common location of injury among the sprint kayakers, while the lumbar spine and shoulders had the biggest impact on performance and training.
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Spingler, Gregory. "Caractérisation des matériaux pour la sécurité passive secondaire." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8fb852de-7479-47a0-b58b-1cf3b024a41a.
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L'étude s'intéresse aux propriétés mécaniques des matériaux polymères constitutifs des pièces d'habitacle automobile. Une première partie décrit les normes biomécaniques imposées à chaque type de crash test véhicule et introduit une étude sur les matériaux d'absorption de choc. Cette recherche aboutit à la mise en place d'un protocole de caractérisation de ces matériaux. Une seconde partie fournit un bilan des lois de comportement les plus aptes à reproduire le comportement des polymères solides. Des essais mécaniques constituent la base expérimentale sur laquelle s'appuient les identifications numériques par méthode inverse. Une démarche est alors proposée afin de rendre la loi de G'Sell valide sur une plage de vitesse de déformation suffisamment large (1s-1 à 500s-1) et pour des déformations allant jusqu'à 2 en sollicitation d'impact sous PAMCRASHTM. Enfin, une dernière étude porte sur la différence de comportement du matériau observée entre la traction et la perforationThe study deals with mechanical properties of polymers used in trim panel, door panel and dashboard manufacture. The first part discusses the biomechanical regulations that must be reached during the crash tests. A research about padding characterization, such as foams or honeycombs, leads to a procedure which allow to design the structure more easily. The second part sums up the laws used to simulate the behaviour of polymers. Thus, material tests are needed to feed numerical simulation and an optimisation method is used to find the parameters that reproduce correctly the behaviour of polymers. With the proposed methodology, we obtain the parameters of G'Sell's law on a large range of strain (until 2 for dart simulation) and strain rate (1s-1 to 500s-1) with the explicit formulation code PAMCRASHTM. Then, the last part deals with the observed differences of behaviour between tensile and dart tests, and presents a coupling between temperature sense and anisotropic into the model
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Coyne, Joseph. "Influence of anthropometric and upper body strength qualities on surfboard paddling kinematics." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1664.
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Competitive surfing is an international professional water sport of which a key factor in performance appears to be surfboard paddling ability. Research on surfing performance is relatively novel and there is very limited data as to how anthropometric and upper extremity strength variables influence not just surfboard paddling but also surfing ability.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was threefold. The first purpose was to evaluate the reliability of Pull Up and Dip 1RM strength assessments, the ratio between the two exercises, and a surfboard endurance paddle assessment. The second purpose was to establish if there were discriminative factors between competitive and recreational surfers on these measures, and correlations between anthropometric, strength and paddling variables. The final purpose was to determine if upper extremity maximal strength training would improve surfboard paddling performance. METHODS: Thirty-six male surfers (29.7 ± 7.7 years, 177.4 ± 7.4cm, 76.7 ± 9.9kg) participated in this research. Subjects performed a tempo and range of motion controlled 1RM Pull and Dip assessment followed by a timed 400m endurance paddle on 2 days with 7 days separating testing sessions. Reliability was assessed by Intra-Class Correlation (ICC), Percent Coefficient of Variation (%CV) and Typical Error (TE). These tests along with a 15m sprint paddle test and additional anthropometric assessments were evaluated to determine if correlations between tests existed and if there were any differences between competitive and recreational surfers. Subjects were then placed into either intervention or control groups with the intervention group training the Pull Up and Dip exercises three times per week for 5 weeks.
RESULTS: All performance measures were considered reliable (ICC 0.96, 0.97 and 0.99; %CV 2.22, 2.41 and 2.01 for Relative 1RM Pull Up, Dip and 400m paddle respectively). A relative 1RM dip : pull up ratio of 1.11 was established. Fat mass and relative arm span were both correlated with paddling speed across sprint (p=0.02 to 0.04 and 0.01 respectively) and with even greater statistical power for endurance (p=0.01 andd=0.62-1.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Performance measures of 1RM Pull Up and Dip strength and endurance paddling are reliable when assessing upper extremity strength qualities in male surfers. Relative strength in the Pull Up and Dip are both correlated with sprint paddling ability. Significant differences in relative arm span and endurance paddling ability between competitive and recreational surfers appear to exist. Further, upper extremity maximal strength training can improve paddling ability in surfers; and especially so in weaker surfers.
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Grönke, Kerstin. "Beitrag zur Optimierung der Verfahrensparameter von Vliesstoffausrüstungsprozessen bei hohen Warengeschwindigkeiten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-156729.
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Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Foulardierprozesses zur chemischen Nassausrüstung von Vliesstoffen bei Warengeschwindigkeiten bis zu 250 m/min. Hintergrund ist die abweisende Ausrüstung von Polypropylen-Spinnvliesstoffen für die Anwendung als Operationskittel. Wo bislang nach dem Stand der Technik eine Veredlung bei Lohnausrüstern bei geringen Warengeschwindigkeiten durchgeführt wurde, zeigt die Tendenz in der Vliesstoffindustrie in Richtung der eigenen Prozessbeherrschung. Eine grundlegende Voraussetzung, um den Foulardierprozess für diese Anwendung nutzbar zu machen, ist die Kenntnis über die Prozesseigenschaften bei den geforderten hohen Warengeschwindigkeiten. Für den abzudeckenden Versuchsraum mit sechs Einflussgrößen bei jeweils drei Faktorstufen wurde mittels der Methodik der statistischen Versuchsplanung ein D-optimaler Versuchsplan erstellt. Die Versuchsdurchführung erfolgte auf einem in eine Technikumsanlage eingebundenen Foulard mit horizontaler Walzenanordnung. Für jede der sieben Zielgrößen wurde auf Grundlage der erhaltenen Messwerte eine lineare Regressionsanalyse erstellt und ausgewertet. Eine detaillierte Analyse und Diskussion der Regressionsmodelle liefert Informationen zu Wirkungsrichtung und Intensität der einzelnen Einflussgrößen sowie zu Faktor-Faktor-WechselwirkungenThe subject of the work presented here is the study of the padding process for the chemical wet finishing of nonwovens at web speeds up to 250 m/min. Background to the topic is the repellent treatment of polypropylene spunbond nonwovens applied for surgical gowns. Finishing carried out at subcontractors corresponding to best practice technology up to now, the trend in the nonwovens industry is turning towards an in-house process mastery. Essential requirement to make the padding process technologically exploitable for this kind of application is the knowledge of the process characteristics at the high web speeds claimed. For the experimental scenario to be covered comprising six determining factors at three level steps each, a D-optimal trial plan was defined using the statistic method of the design of experiments (DOE). The realization of the trials carried out on a padder with horizontal roll arrangement installed in a pilot line. For each of the seven responses a linear regression analyses was compiled and evaluated. A detailed analysis and discussion of the regression models provides information on direction of influence as well as intensity of each of the determining factors and factor-factor-interactions
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Schweinbenz, Amanda Nicole. "Paddling against the current : a history of women's competitive international rowing between 1954 and 2003." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31492.
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In 1954, the Fédération International Sociétés d'Aviron (FISA) hosted the first Women's European Rowing Championships in Maçon, France. Although FISA had never before formally recognized women's competitive international rowing, oarswomen around the world had been active participants for years, competing not only in local and national regattas, but international as well. Despite the historical evidence that women could indeed race at an international level, FISA delegates, all of whom were men, saw fit to curtail women's international participation by shortening the women's racing distance to half of that required of the men and restricting the number and types of events in which women raced. While international oarswomen were limited, these constraints were not completely restrictive. Rather, the introduction of women's races at the European championships created opportunities for oarswomen to display publicly their physical and athletic capabilities while challenging social and historical discourses regarding appropriate female appearance and athletic participation. Since this inaugural event in 1954, female athletes, coaches, and administrators have sought to achieve gender equity in a sport typically associated with men and masculinity. Female rowing enthusiasts pressed to increase opportunities for all oarswomen by negotiating with male sporting administrators to have women's competitive international rowing recognized on the same level as men's rowing. By 2003, their combined efforts, aided by some supportive male coaches and rowing administrators, culminated in the admission of oarswomen to the European championships, the world championships, and the Olympic Games, the change of women's racing distance from 1000 metres to 2000 metres, and the introduction of lightweight women's events at the world championships and Olympic Games. This dissertation examines the complex negotiations that have taken place since 1954 and the context in which they occurred through the use of data collected from archival material and in-depth interviews with current and former female administrators, athletes, and coaches, to document and examine the history of women's competitive international rowing between 1954 and 2003.Education, Faculty of
Kinesiology, School of
Graduate
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Farley, Oliver. "Assessment of competitive requirements, repeated sprint paddle ability and trainability of paddling performance in surfers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1912.
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Studies examining the physical demands of surfing, the physiological characteristics of surfers, training techniques and various indices important to surfing performance are limited and characterised by methodological discrepancies. This thesis consists of five studies to assess the competitive requirements, test specific repeat sprint fitness and the trainability of sprint paddling in surfers.
Initially an understanding of surfing movement patterns and a determination of the reliability and validity of custom-made GPS units was established (SurfTraX, Gold Coast, Australia) (Study 1: The validity and inter-unit reliability of custom-made SurfTraX GPS units and use during surfing). Durations, intensities, external loads and velocity of movements during competitive surfing were then examined (Study 2: Workloads of competitive surfing: A performance analysis of three surfing competitions). During competition surfers paddle 44% of the total time and have a significantly higher work to rest ratio at a beach-break compared to point-breaks. Further, point-breaks involve longer continuous durations of paddling, with significantly longer rides, compared to the beachbreak. Data from Study 2 aided in forming the rationale for developing and determining the reliability of a novel repeat sprint paddle test (RSPT) (Study 3: The repeat-sprint paddle test: A protocol for measuring surfing athletes’ sprint paddle performance). With lacking appropriate and valid testing protocols for evaluating physiological qualities in surfing athletes, Study 3 determined that the measurements of RSPT total time, best 15m time, and peak velocity from recreational and competitive surfers were reliable between days. Additionally, the smallest worthwhile change ranged from 0.02 to 2.7 s, demonstrating high sensitivity in detecting performance changes. After determining the reliability of the RSPT, this study investigated the durations that adolescent competitive surfers spend surfing and physically training.
In the pilot study (Study 4: Tracking 6 Weeks of Training/Surfing Sessions of Adolescent Competitive Surfers: Just what are these young surfers up to?) adolescent surfers provided details on the amount of time spent free surfing, being coached, competing, strength training, conditioning and undertaking balance work over six weeks. It was found that adolescent surfers spent 14 more hours surfing than doing any form of land-based training, including no form of specific paddle training. Following the conclusions of Study 4, Study 5 examined the effectiveness of implementing structured training on the paddling abilities of adolescent surfers (Study 5: Five weeks of sprint and high intensity interval training improves paddling performance in adolescent surfers). It was discovered that high intensity interval training (HIT) (30 s sprint paddling) decreased athletes 400m endurance paddle time, and sprint interval training (SIT) (10 s sprint paddling) decreased the total RSPT time. Such training can be implemented to improve aerobic and repeat sprint paddle ability, which are key aspects of the sport. Additionally, the 400m paddle and RSPT can possibly discriminate between aerobic and anaerobic training adaptations, with aerobic gains likely from HIT and anaerobic gains likely from SIT.
Overall, this thesis established greater in-depth information on competitive surfing, an innovative and reliable test to assess repeat sprint ability, and two training methods that produced beneficial sprint and endurance paddle improvements.
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Charlebois, Shawn L. "Paddling with the ancestors, elders' perspectives on the construction and use of the caribou skin qajaq." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45030.pdf.
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Bell, Heather L. "More than between the start and finish line : women 50 and over and outrigger canoe paddling /." Access restricted. DAL users only, 2008.
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Silveira, Jaime Kirch da. "Parallel SAT solvers and their application in automatic parallelization." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/95373.
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Desde a diminuição da tendência de aumento na frequência de processadores, uma nova tendência surgiu para permitir que softwares tirem proveito de harwares mais rápidos: a paralelização. Contudo, diferente de aumentar a frequência de processadores, utilizar parallelização requer um tipo diferente de programação, a programação paralela, que é geralmente mais difícil que a programação sequencial comum. Neste contexto, a paralelização automática apareceu, permitindo que o software tire proveito do paralelismo sem a necessidade de programação paralela. Nós apresentamos aqui duas propostas: SAT-PaDdlinG e RePaSAT. SAT-PaDdlinG é um SAT Solver DPLL paralelo que roda em GPU, o que permite que RePaSAT utilize esse ambiente. RePaSAT é a nossa proposta de uma máquina paralela que utiliza o Problema SAT para paralelizar automaticamente código sequencial. Como uma GPU provê um ambiente barato e massivamente paralelo, SAT-PaDdlinG tem como objetivo prover esse paralelismo massivo a baixo custo para RePaSAT, como para qualquer outra ferramenta ou problema que utilize SAT Solvers.Since the slowdown in improvement in the frequency of processors, a new tendency has arisen to allow software to take advantage of faster hardware: parallelization. However, different from increasing the frequency of processors, using parallelization requires a different kind of programming, parallel programming, which is usually harder than common sequential programming. In this context, automatic parallelization has arisen, allowing software to take advantage of parallelism without the need of parallel programming. We present here two proposals: SAT-PaDdlinG and RePaSAT. SAT-PaDdlinG is a parallel DPLL SAT Solver on GPU, which allows RePaSAT to use this environment. RePaSAT is our proposal of a parallel machine that uses the SAT Problem to automatically parallelize sequential code. Because GPU provides a cheap, massively parallel environment, SATPaDdlinG aims at providing this massive parallelism and low cost to RePaSAT, as well as to any other tool or problem that uses SAT Solvers.
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Bengs, Dagny. "Elitaktiva sprintkanotisternas rörelseutslag i axelleden under paddling på ergometer i relation till aktiv rörlighet mätt i axelleden." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5848.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att a) beskriva elitkanotisternas aktiva rörelseutslag (ARoM), b) undersöka hur stor del av ARoM i axelledens inåt- och utåtrotation som kanotisten använder under paddling för höger och vänster arm samt c) undersöka hur förhållandet eventuellt ändras under tre tävlingsfarter (200, 500 och 1000 m). Syftet var också att d) beskriva elitkanotisterna rörelseutslag i axelledens rotation under de tre tävlingsfarterna. Metod Åtta elitkanotister (fyra kvinnor och fyra män 22,5 ±3,8 år, 1.80 ±0,11m, 81 kg±14 kg) deltog i studien. Axelledens rörlighet i inåt- och utåtrotation undersöktes med två olika metoder; ARoM mätt med goniometer i ryggliggande position och tredimensionell (3D) rörelseanalys mätt under paddling på kajakergometer. Data till 3D rörelseanalysen samlades in med ett optoelektroniskt kamerasystem med 12 kameror som mätte rörelser från markörer fästa på försökspersonerna under paddling på 200, 500 och 1000 m tävlingsfart. Medelvärdet analyserades från tio paddlingscykler under respektive fart och data bearbetades och analyserades i Visual3D och MATLAB. Resultat Elitkanotisterna medelvärde och standardavvikelse (±) av ARoM i axelledens inåtrotation var 46° (±16°) och 39° (±10°) och i axelledens utåtrotation 75° (±13°) och 86° (±5°) för vänster respektive höger sida. Samtliga elitkanotister hade inskränkt rörlighet i axelledens inåtrotation. Ingen signifikant skillnad sågs mellan sidorna i varken axelledens inåt- eller utåtrotation (F=0.87, p=0.38). Under paddling på de tre olika tävlingsfarterna sågs heller ingen signifikant skillnad mellan sidorna i axelledens inåtrotation (F= 0.63, p=0.45), dock sågs en signifikant skillnad i rörelseutslaget i axelledens inåtrotation beroende på tävlingsfart (F=6.46. p=0.01); ju högre fart/kortare distans desto större rörelseutslag. Axelledens rörelseutslag i utåtrotation påverkades inte av varken tävlingsfart (F=3.59, p=0.94) eller sida (vänster/ höger) (F=1.76, p=0.23). Tävlingsfarten hade en signifikant betydelse för hur stor procentandel kanotisterna använde av sin maximala ARoM i axelledens inåtrotation under paddling (F=6,48, p=0,01); ju högre fart/kortare distans desto större procentuell andel nyttjades. Elitkanotisterna nyttjade en väldig liten procentandel av deras ARoM i axelledens utåtrotation under paddling; 0-1%. Slutsats Det sågs ingen sidoskillnad mellan vänster och höger sida i axelledens rotationer hos elitkanotisterna och resultatet var oberoende av tävlingsfart. Alla elitkanotister hade en tydlig inskränkt rörlighet i axelledens inåtrotation. Den inskränkta inåtrotationen kompenseras troligen av andra strukturer i axel/skuldra under paddling, då elitkanotisterna använder över 100 % av deras AROM under paddling. Tidigare forskning har visat att inskränkt rörlighet i axelledens inåtrotation är en riskfaktor för skada hos kanotister. Resultaten från denna forskning ger värdefull information för elitkanotister och deras team om vad som sker i axelleden under paddling. De kan använda information till att uppmärksamma vikten av att öka rörlighet i inåtrotationen för att minska eventuella kompensatoriska rörelser i axelleden och på så sätt minska risken för smärta och skada under paddling.Aim The purpose of the study was a) to examine elite flatwater kayakers’ active range of motion (ARoM), b) to detect the extent of their ARoM they use in shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotations (ER) for right and left shoulder under kayaking and c) to examine the impact of how the range change during the racing speed (200, 500 and 1000 m). In addition, the aim was d) to describe competitive flatwater kayakers’ range of motion in the shoulder rotation under the three racing speeds. Method Eight elite sprint kayakers (four women and four men 22,5 ±3,8 year, 1.80 ±0,11m, 81 kg ±14 kg) participated in the study. The range of motion in shoulder joint rotations were measured with two different methods; ARoM was measured with a goniometer in a supine position and a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture measured under kayaking on a kayak ergometer. Data from a 3D motion capture analysis was collected with an optoelectronic system with 12 infrared cameras which captured the motion from markers attached on the participants under kayaking on 200, 500 and 100o m racing speed. The average value was analyzed from ten stroke cycles under every speed and the data was processed and the calculations were done with Visual3D and MATLAB. Results The elite kayakers’ average values and standard deviation (±) of ARoM in shoulder IR was 46°(±16°) and 39° (±10°) and in ER 75° (±13°) and 86° (±5°) for respective left and right side. All participants had decreased ARoM in shoulder IR. No significance difference in ARoM was detected for the sides (left/right) in neither IR nor ER (F=0.87, p=0.38).Either no significant differences were detected between the left and right side under kayaking in shoulder IR under racing speed (F= 0.63, p=0.45), however racing speed had a significant difference for range of motion in shoulder internal rotation (F=6.46. p=0.01); the higher the speed/ shorter distance, the greater range of motion. Shoulder ER was not affected neither on racing speed (F=3.59, p=0.94) or side (left/right) (F=1.76, p=0.23). Racing speed had a significant difference in the percentage the elite kayakers used of their maximal ARoM in shoulder IR during kayaking (F=6.48, p=0.01); the higher the speed/ shorter distance, the greater percentage used. The elite kayakers´ utilized a very small percentage of their ARoM in shoulder ER during paddling; 0-1%. Conclusions No difference was detected between left and right side in shoulder rotation within elite kayakers, the result was independent of the racing speed. All elite kayakers´ had an obvious decreased range of motion in shoulder IR. The decreased IR is probably compensated by other structures in the shoulder/ scapula under kayaking, due to that elite kayakers’ use more than 100 % of their ARoM under kayaking. Earlier studies have showed that decreased IR in shoulder joint is a risk factor for injuries in kayakers. The results from this study can give valuable information for elite kayakers and their teams about what happens in the shoulder joint during paddling. They may use this information to recognize the importance of increasing the range of motion in shoulder IR, to be able to decrease any compensational movements in the shoulder joint and therefore reduce the risk of pain and injury under kayaking.
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Sjölin, Johan. "Pensionären och paddan : En studie av pensionärers upplevelser av läsplattor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60704.
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Portable IT devices such as laptops, smart phones and computer tablets are becoming ever more ubiquitous. At the same time, the population of the Western world is growing older, with aging bringing about changes with regards to individuals' physical and mental capabilities. These facts raises important questions about how well suited these devices are for use by elderly people. This study focuses on the cognitive aspects of the devices' usability, using the concept of mental models to analyze the users' understanding of a computer tablet. It also draws upon theory of graphical user interfaces in its analyses. The study was conducted by doing a set of interviews, where a group of elderly people were asked individually and in a focus group about their impressions and comprehension regarding a computer tablet they used in the study. The results suggest that the there is a mismatch between the mental model of the designers of the tablet and the mental model of the elderly users. The cause of this is posited to be due to a lack of computer experience in general amongst the participants, causing them to have difficulty relating their mental models of everyday objects with the structure and functioning of the computer tablet. The main conclusion drawn from this is that current graphical user interfaces, based on the WIMP paradigm, may not be appropriate for this category of users.
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Exenberger, Margareta. "Don't mess with chicks in Burberry paddings : Semantic change in hip-hop lyrics and its impact on mainstream American English." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2358.
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Some people might regard the language of hip-hop as being crude, sexist and inappropriate. Nevertheless, hip-hop culture can also be considered as one of the underground sources of word-formation and language change in mainstream English. Young people have always been a source of language variation and lexical innovation whether we like it or not.
This essay is focusing on three words frequently used in hip-hop lyrics, namely pimp, queer and chick. The aim of the study is to analyse the semantic change on these words as they are used in hip-hop music and find out whether hip-hop culture has had an influence on the mainstream usage of these words.
The method used was to study the usage and frequency of these words in hip-hop lyrics and analyse whether there was a similar use in a large diachronic newspaper corpus of American English. The material was predominately found in The Original Hip-hop Lyrics Archive (ohhla.com) and The TIME Magazine Corpus (corpus.byu.edu).
The results of this study show examples of semantic change in both hip-hop lyrics and mainstream American English and it is concluded that hip-hop culture has an influence on mainstream language above all among the youth.
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Nachuha, Sarah. "Explaining distribution patterns of waterbirds on rice paddies and other wetlands in eastern Uganda." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433345.
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Nilsson, Peder. "Design för biologisk mångfald – Hur kan man genom produktdesign gynna den grönfläckiga paddan?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21434.
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I detta arbete har det undersökts hur man kan arbeta med produktdesign föratt gynna den grönfläckiga paddan och den biologiska mångfalden.Projektet tog utgångspunkt i ett artbevarande projekt i Malmö där metodersom desktop research och intervjuer användes för att samla in informationkring hur man arbetar med artbevarande arbete idag samt vilka utmaningarsom fanns med att lyckas. Under projektet så experimenterades det med deninsamlade informationen med controversy mapping och prototyper sommetoder för att hitta potentiella utvecklingsområden. Det fanns flera hot motpaddan och en av de var den regionalt invasiva växten havtorn som spriditsig i paddans område. Projektet resulterade i ett verksamhetskoncept varshuvudsyfte var att bekämpa havtornet och som gjorde det möjligt genom attanvända växten som en materialresurs. Syftet med att använda materialetvar att skapa intäkter som kunde finansiera bekämpnings arbetet.The purpose of this thesis project was to investigate possible ways of favouringbiodivercity and more specificly the endangered european green toad that lives inNorra hamnen in Malmö. To better understand how the conservation work is donetoday and what problems they are facing, methods such as desktop research,interviews and observations were used. Controversy mapping was used as anexperimental method to organize the gathered data and as a tool to generateidéas and explore possibilities. The toad had many threats wich became clearthrough the exploring methods, one of them was the regional invasive speciesbuckthorn. The project resulted in a busines concept with the main purpose to fightthe buckthorn which was made possible by using the plant as a material recoursethat could fund the work.
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Fridland, Erica, and Mattias Bengtsson. ""Fröken, får jag paddan?" : En studie om förskollärares förhållningssätt till lärplattan i förskolans verksamhet." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-16345.
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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilket förhållningssätt som finns bland förskollärare till lärplattan. Vilka möjligheter och hinder anser förskollärare att det finns i relation till yrkesrollen och barnen. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ metod, där verksamma förskollärare har intervjuats. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv där olika kategorier inom forskningsområdet framkommit. Under diskussionsavsnittet diskuteras vilka möjligheter och hinder som det anses finnas i relation till yrkesrollen och barnen. Denna studie visar att det anses finnas flera möjligheter med lärplattan i relation till barnen, samtidigt finns det en hel del hinder när det gäller den egna yrkesrollen. En av grunderna till att man såg fler hinder till yrkesrollen beror på att kunskap och kompetens inom området saknas och därför är utbildning högt efterfrågat.
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Zakaria, Pascal. "Whole-body kinematics during paddling on kayak ergometer in elite able-bodied athletes : a first step to develop a classification for para-kayak athletes." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3432.
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Aim The purpose of the study was to define three dimensional range of motion for all major joints (wrist, elbow, shoulder, trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle) in a group of able-bodied elite canoeists during paddling on a kayak ergometer. An additional purpose was to analyze if the range of motion changed with increased intensity and if there were any differences between body sides during paddling on the ergometer. Method Ten elite athletes (four women and six men) volunteered for the study (22 ± 3.5 years, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m). Three-dimensional kinematic data was recorded using an optoelectronic system and twelve cameras were placed in a circle around the ergometer. Fifty-four reflective markers were attached on the subject and 14 body segments were defined in the model used in the analysis to evaluate range of motion for each joint. Kinematic and force data were collected during paddling on the kayak ergometer at incremental intensities starting at 50 W ("Low") and increased with 50 W until the athlete was not able to hold the predetermined level ("Submaximal"). The participants were asked to maintain each intensity level as stable as possible during at least 20 kayak cycles, i.e. approximately 60 sec during the lowest intensity level. Finally, a maximal test was performed ("Maximal"). Mean values of 10 stroke cycles were used in the statistics. Result The mean range of motion was for shoulder flexion; 3 – 101°, shoulder abduction; 9–53°, shoulder inward/outward rotation; 39–51°, elbow flexion; 13–118°, wrist palmar/dorsiflexion; 9–31°, wrist radial/ulnar deviation; 9–22°, trunk flex/extension; 8 –1°, trunk rotation left/right; 24–24, trunk lateral bending right/left; 7 – 8°, hip flexion 85-116°, knee flexion; 7–56° and foot flexion 64–91°. When intensity increased the range of motion significantly increased in peak joint angle for shoulder flexion, shoulder inward rotation, trunk- , hip-, knee- and foot flexion. In general, there were no significant differences observed between left and right side for maximal and minimal range of motion. Conclusion The results from this kinematic study can be used as adequate reference values in the development for an evidence-based classification system for para-canoeists.Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka tredimensionell rörelse för samtliga större leder i kroppen (axel, armbåge, handled, bål, bäcken, höft, knä och fotled) i en grupp elitkanotister under paddling på en ergometer. Syftet var också att undersöka om det högsta vinkelvärdet i vardera rörelseriktningen förändrades med ökad intensitet samt om det fanns någon asymmetri mellan kroppshalvorna i rörelseutslag under paddling på ergometern. Metod Tio svenska elitkanotister (fyra kvinnor och sex män) deltog frivilligt i denna studie (22 ± 3.5 år, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m). Tredimensionell rörelsekinematik registrerades med hjälp av ett optoelektroniskt system och tolv kameror placerades i en cirkel runt kajakergometern. Femtiofyra reflexiva markörer placerades på kroppen och 14 kroppssegment definierades i modellen och användes i analysen för att utvärdera rörelseomfånget i respektive led. Kinematik och kraftdata samlades in under paddling på ergometern vid olika intensitetsnivåer med start på 50 W ("Låg") och ökade med 50 W till dess att idrottaren inte kunde hålla den förutbestämda nivån ("Sub-maximal"). Varje forskningsperson uppmanades att bibehålla varje intensitetsnivå så precist som möjligt under minst 20 paddlingscykler, vilket var cirka 60 sekunder på den lägsta intensitetsnivån. Därefter genomfördes ett maximalt test (Maximal). Medelvärdet av 10 paddelcykler användes i statistiken. Resultat Medelvärdet för rörelseomfånget var för skulderflexion; 3 – 101°, skulderabduktion; 9–53°, skulderinåtrotation/utåtrotation; 39–51°, armbågsflexion; 13–118°, palmar/dorsalflexion i handleden; 9–31°, radial/ulnar deviation i handleden; 9–22°, bålflexion/extension; 8 –1°, bålrotation vänster/höger; 24–24, bålböjning höger/vänster; 7 – 8°, höftflexion 85-116°, knäflexion; 7–56° och plantar/dorsalflexion i foten 64–91°. När intensiteten ökade, ökade rörelseutslaget signifikant i skulderflexion, skulderinåtrotation, bål-, höft-, knä- och fotflektion. Generellt fanns det ingen signifikant skillnad mellan sidorna vad gäller rörelseutslag. Slutsats Resultaten från denna studie kan användas som adekvata referensvärden i utvecklandet av den evidensbaserade klassificeringen av para-kanotister.
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Mellert, Jessica. ""Paddan flyttar in" En fallstudie om hur elever i grundsärskolan använder surfplattan i sitt lärande." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32325.
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Abstract/SammanfattningProblemområdeFör elever med funktionsnedsättningar är behovet av informations- och kommunikationsteknik många gånger störst och ibland även en förutsättning för att eleverna ska nå målen i sin utbildning. Lärare i grundsärskolan arbetar mycket med att finna lämpliga redskap och metoder som leder till lärande och utveckling. Forskning visar att digitala redskap som surfplattan gör undervisningen tillgänglig. Surfplattan har fått ett genombrott i den svenska skolan. Då den anses ge eleverna nya förutsättningar till lärande och utveckling, medför detta att elever inom grundsärskolan får nya möjligheter att utforska och utmana sitt lärande. Syfte och preciserade frågeställningarStudien syftar till att bidra till kunskapsutveckling om hur och när elever i grundsärskolan använder surfplattan som redskap i sitt lärande och sin utveckling. Studien vill också lyfta fram faktorer som enligt forskning anses betydelsefulla för lärande och utveckling. Frågeställningar:•Hur arbetar eleverna med surfplattan?•I vilka lärsituationer använder eleverna sig av surfplattan? •På vilket sätt bidrar lärare och kamrater till lärande och utveckling hos den enskilde eleven?Teoretisk ramStudien grundar sig i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som bygger på Lev Vygotskijs grundläggande teori om att lärande och utveckling sker genom samspel och interaktion med rätt redskap/resurser och i rätt sammanhang, samt i en situerad kontext, som i denna studie i klassrummet på en grundsärskola. Denna teori har vidareutvecklats av forskare, bl.a. Strandberg, Säljö och Dysthe som omnämns i den teoretiska förankringen.MetodFör att genomföra studien har en kvalitativ fallstudie utförts i en klass inom grundsärskolan. Undersökningsmaterialet har tagits fram genom metodtriangulering och innefattar intervjuer, deltagande observationer, informella samtal och fältanteckningar. I studien har sex observationer vid olika lektionstillfällen utförts och två specialpedagoger har intervjuats. Syftet med att välja kvalitativa metoder för undersökningen var att hitta eventuella variationer att ställa mot varandra i en diskussion. Resultat med analysResultatet visar att surfplattan används av eleverna som ett medierande redskap. Eleverna använder surfplattan för att tolka och kommunicera omvärlden och därmed ökar förutsättningarna för dem att vara delaktiga i sitt lärande. Specialpedagoger och elever utgör viktiga mediatorer för den enskilde elevens lärande. Eleven approprierar kunskaper och färdigheter genom att samspela med omgivningen och surfplattan. Jag har funnit att de vuxnas medvetenhet om effekterna av de metakognitiva processerna bidrar till att elevernas lärande utvecklas och har betydelse för om surfplattan ska vara ett framgångsrikt medierande redskap. Resultatet i studien indikerar på, att då eleverna använder surfplattan påverkas deras motivation som i sin tur inverkar på deras uthållighet, engagemang och deltagande.KonklusionSurfplattan är ett redskap som kan bidra till att göra undervisningen mer tillgänglig för elever i grundsärskolan. Om surfplattan ska vara ett framgångsrikt redskap för eleverna i grundsärskolan måste den ses i samspel och interaktion, i rätt sammanhang och i en situerad kontext. Begrepp som metakognition, mediering och appropriering har betydelse för elevernas lärprocesser och bör stå i fokus. Implementering Såväl tidigare forskning som studiens resultat visar att surfplattan är till gagn för grundsärskoleelevernas lärande och utveckling. Surfplattan förenklar möjligheterna att tillgodose individuella behov genom dess utformning, inbyggda utrustning och det stora utbudet av program som finns. Förutsättningar för olika slags kommunikation öppnas upp via surfplattan och underlättar elevernas deltagande och möjligheter till interaktion och samspel. NyckelordAppropriera lärande, grundsärskola, medierande redskap, metakognitiv förmåga, surfplatta
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Rosén, Johanna. "Biomechanical differences between elite able-bodied kayakers and elite para-kayakers during paddling : The second and third step of creating the new Paralympic classification system." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3897.
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Aim The aim of the study was to examine the differences between able-bodied athletes (AB) and three para-athlete (PA) classes in three-dimensional range of motion (RoM) for the major joints of the body, and to define which joint angles are correlated with power output during paddling on a kayak ergometer. An additional aim was to validate three new classification tests used in classification of Paracanoe athletes. This study was an integral part of developing a new evidence-based classification system for Paracanoe which was accepted by the International Paralympic Committee in 2015. Method 41 PA (13 F and 28 M; 35 ± 9.0 years, 70.6 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.12 m) and 10 AB (4 F and 6 M; 22 ± 3.5 years, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m) participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic data was recorded using an optoelectronic system containing 12 infrared cameras capturing reflective markers placed on the participants, the paddle and on the force transducers. Force was measured at the paddle to enable calculations of power output. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected during paddling on the kayak ergometer at incremental intensities starting at a low intensity level (50 W). The athletes then increased intensity with 50 W up to a high intensity level which was defined as the highest level the athlete could maintain with good technique for 20 stroke cycles. The athletes were then asked to paddle at a maximal level. The kinematic and kinetic data were imported into Visual 3D and MATLAB where all calculations were made. Results There were significant differences between the AB and the three PA classes for joint angles in the shoulder (e.g. flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, AB>PA), trunk (trunk rotation and trunk flexion, AB>PA) and leg (hip, knee and ankle flexion AB>PA) during paddling. Significant positive correlations were seen for both men and women between power output and trunk rotation RoM, hip, knee and ankle flexion RoM and in maximal trunk flexion during paddling. A positive correlation was also seen between the newly developed classification tests and the RoM values and power output. Conclusion This study showed that the RoM of the trunk and legs are positively correlated with power output during paddling on a kayak ergometer and that there is a significant difference between the AB and the PA classes in trunk and leg RoM. The results also showed that the newly developed classification tests are valid tests to use in classification of Paracanoe athletes.Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka skillnaderna mellan icke funktionsnedsatta idrottare (AB) och tre klasser av funktionsnedsatta idrottare (PA) i tredimensionellt rörelseomfång (RoM) i samtliga större leder i kroppen, och att definiera vilka leder som korrelerade med power output vid paddling på kajak ergometer. Ett ytterligare syfte var att validera tre nya klassificeringstester för klassificering i Parakanot. Denna studie var en viktig del vid utvecklingen av ett nytt evidensbaserat klassificeringssystem för Parakanot vilket blev accepterat av Internationella Paralympiska Kommitteen under 2015. Metod 41 PA (13 K och 28 M; 35 ± 9.0 år, 70.6 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.12 m) och 10 AB (4 K och 6 M; 22 ± 3.5 år, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m) deltog i studien. Tredimensionell kinematisk data samlades in med ett optoelektroniskt system innehållandes 12 infraröda kameror som registrerade reflekterande markörer som var fäst på försökspersonerna, på paddeln och på kraftgivarna. Kraft mättes vid paddeln vilket möjliggjorde beräkning av power output. Den kinematiska och kinetiska datan samlades in vid paddling på kajak ergometer på olika intensitetsnivåer och idrottarna startade på en låg intensitetsnivå (50 W). Idrottarna ökade sedan intensitet med 50 W upp till en hög intensitet vilket definierades som den högsta nivån som idrottarna kunde paddla stabilt på med bra teknik i 20 drag cykler. Idrottarna paddlade sedan på en maximal nivå. Den kinematiska och kinetiska datan importerades sedan till Visual3D och MATLAB där alla beräkningar utfördes. Resultat Det fanns en signifikanta skillnader mellan AB och de tre PA klasserna för ledvinklarna i skuldran (flexion/extension och inåt/utåt rotation, AB>PA), bålen (bål rotation och bål flexion, AB>PA) och i benen (höft, knä och ankel flexion, AB>PA) vid paddling. Det fanns en signifikant positiv korrelation för både män och kvinnor mellan power output och RoM i bål rotation, höft, knä och ankel flexion och i maximal bål flexion vid paddling. En positiv korrelation fanns även mellan de nyutvecklade klassificeringstesterna och RoM värdena samt power output. Slutsats Studien visade att bål- och benrörelsen är positivt korrelerat med power output vid paddling på kajak ergometer och att det är en signifikant skillnad mellan AB och PA klasserna i bål och ben RoM. Resultaten visade också att de nyutvecklade klassificeringstesterna är valida tester för användning inom klassificering av Parakanotister.
Kursen Projektarbete.
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Dudley, Rosemary Carolyn 1975. "Balancing values : development strategies that sustain the cultural heritage of rice paddies and the natural landscape in Thimphu, Bhutan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49803.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-128).
This thesis focuses on the impending urban development of the terraced rice paddies in the valley surrounding Bhutan's capital city, Thimphu. It makes the argument that this unique landscape is deeply rooted in Bhutanese culture and its preservation can provide Bhutan with environmental, cultural and economic benefits. Escalating development pressures are such that the government cannot salvage the paddies at any cost, but sensitive development strategies can mitigate development's impact on the terraced land and the bodies of water that have supported life in the valley for centuries. This thesis argues that it is possible and necessary to absorb the current and predicted growth without obliterating the valley's previous use. The Royal Government's agendas to maintain Bhutan's living cultural heritage, sustainable "middle path" development strategy, and self-sufficiency cannot be fulfilled if agricultural land is not valued as a resource. Issues of government capacity, coordination between the Ministries, reliance on modern methods of development, and the exclusion of agricultural land in the nation's conservation efforts have prevented a holistic development plan from being realized. In response, this thesis offers six guiding principles that can help preserve the cultural, agricultural, and natural landscape. Stressing the environmental and cultural risks involved in rapid development of the traditional landscape, the principles offer recommendations to value traditional sources of livelihood, undeveloped land, environmentally and culturally sensitive development, and the inclusion of communities through participation. They provide sustainable development approaches that balance and recognize the cultural, environmental, and economic value of the farmland and existing housing settlements. An overview of international urban development precedents that demonstrate these principles offer insight on how Bhutan can remedy these risks and benefit economically. Last, specific mechanisms that can guide the government in their development process will make preservation of the traditional landscape realistic. In conclusion, Bhutan can provide culturally and environmentally sensitive urban development that does not detrimentally impact the landscape and its inhabitants.
Rosemary Carolyn Dudley.
M.C.P.
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Liste, Erika. "Orders of Geo-Kinetic Manifestation in Ivan Doig´s The Sea Runners." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86913.
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This phenomenological study presents a map of spatial forces in Ivan Doig’s The Sea Runners. The investigation calls attention to forms of space-experience that come across as a sense of embeddedness in environment. Events, places, feelings, and moods materialize as being nested within greater events and places that are likewise nested in even larger ones. The study shows that experience, place, memory, hope, and narrative have nested structures. The embedding of narrated realities within larger realities is identified as a mode of organization central to the text’s complexity. Even the smallest acts, events, moods, and feelings are set within larger ones with greater scope, reach, or extension. The literary force of The Sea Runners is made possible by a sustained presentation of complexly interlocking orders of embedding. These orders are co-ordinated and synchronized in terms of movement. The study shows how kinetic systems of circulation, vanishing, encircling, and transformation overlap and reinforce each other so as to create a comprehensive co-ordination effect that colours the presentation of landscape and travel. Movement is highlighted in the essay as a factor that makes it possible for these kinetic structures to be fused in various patterns of co-ordination. In The Sea Runners, place and motion complexly combine to shape the narrated flow of lived experience. In its various orders of fluctuation, space-experience flows in intimate association with life-feeling and movement-sensation. Certain basic kinetic categories are delineated as being at the heart of the text’s overall structure. The study brings its findings to a conclusion by discussing these kinetic categories of lived space as running parallel to categories of lived temporality.
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Munoz, Nates Franco Miller. "Contribution à l'analyse biomécanique de l'activité en kayak. Mise en place et validation d'une chaîne de mesure dynamométrique tridimensionnelle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2333/document.
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Les méthodes modernes d'entraînement utilisent des appareillages spécifiques appelés ergomètres sur lesquels, en particulier, des programmes d'entraînement et d'évaluation sont proposés par les entraîneurs. De tels dispositifs favorisent la continuité d'un entraînement pendant les périodes peu favorables à une pratique sportive. De même, lorsque ces outils sont instrumentés, ils apportent à l'entraîneur des informations difficilement accessibles en situation réelle de pratique. Ce travail s'inscrit dans cette problématique scientifique dont l'objet est la conception d'un ergomètre pour la pratique du kayak en ligne. Les travaux réalisés ont conduit à la conception d'un ergomètre kayak capable de reproduire les conditions d'une pratique écologique aussi précisément que possible tant d'un point de vue de la gestuelle (cinématique) que des efforts générés (dynamique) d'une part, de proposer et de valider une instrumentation afin de recueillir l'ensemble des efforts d'interaction kayakiste/ergomètre, d'autre part. De plus, cette instrumentation doit être suffisamment exigeante en termes de poids et d'encombrement pour être installée dans un kayak K1 pour réaliser des mesures in situ. Les moyens mis en œuvre donnent accès aux variables biomécaniques permettant de quantifier les éléments de base de la technique de pagayage qui constituent l'ensemble des facteurs déterminants de la performance (force, endurance, technique, etc.). Scientifiques et entraineurs ont ainsi à leur disposition un outil pour une évaluation objective des performances du kayakiste. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre l'axe RoBioss, le CAIPS et la société SENSIXThe modern training methods developed during the last 20 years involve specific equipments named ergometer. These devices allow semi-specific training sessions on a sheltered environment to develop strength during unfavorable periods of in situ practice. They are also more and more used by coaches to evaluate athlete’s skills and aptitudes. Ergometers provide numerical information that cannot be easily measured during in situ sessions. This work is a significant contribution of the following scientific problems; firstly the design of a flat-water kayak ergometer that reproduces accurately on-water conditions, both kinematics and forces generated (dynamic) during the throughout the whole kayaking cycle, secondly, to propose and validate an instrumentation to collect every dynamic interactions between the ergometer and kayaker (hands, seat, feet). In addition, this instrumentation must be design in terms of weight, size and watertightness to be installed in a kayak K1 for in situ measurements. This instrumentation quantifies the basic biomechanics parameters of the kayaking performance such as external forces, endurance, technique, etc. As a result, researchers and coaches will be able to evaluate kayakers’ performance using an unbiased device. This work was conducted as part of a scientific collaboration between the RoBioSS research team, CAIPS and SENSIX compagny
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Chaumont, Marc. "Représentation en objets vidéo pour un codage progressif et concurrentiel des séquences d'images." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004146.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de valider l'hypothèse selon laquelle le codage par objets vidéo peut permettre d'obtenir des gains significatifs en utilisant le codage dynamique (mise en concurrence de plusieurs codeurs pour chaque objet vidéo). Afin de répondre à cet objectif, différents points ont été étudiés. Le premier point concerne l'étude de la segmentation en objet vidéo de manière automatique. Nous avons proposé un modèle d'objet faisant intervenir la notion de suivi long terme via la représentation d'un objet sous la forme mouvement/texture (avec l'utilisation d'un maillage actif pour représenter le mouvement). Un algorithme de clustering 3D a été développé basé sur ce modèle. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes attaché à l'amélioration des techniques de codage objet via la hiérarchisation ("scalabilité") du flux vidéo. Pour cela, nous utilisons un schéma de codage ondelette 3D et nous introduisons notamment un codage de contours avec perte. Enfin le dernier point étudié concerne le codage dynamique d'objets vidéo (mise en concurrence de plusieurs codeurs pour chaque objet vidéo). Les codeurs utilisés sont : le codeur H264/AVC, un codeur ondelette 3D, un codeur 3D et un codeur par mosaïque. La répartition automatique des débits permet d'obtenir des résultats dépassant ceux produits par chaque codeur pris séparément, tout en offrant le découpage du flux en objets vidéo. Mots clés : Segmentation en objets vidéo, segmentation long terme, modèle d'objet vidéo, fonctionelle d'énergie, clustering, maillage actif, mosaïque, codage vidéo, codage d'objet vidéo, décorrélation mouvement texture forme, hiérarchisation : scalabilté, ondelettes spatiotemporelles, ondelette 3D, codage de contour, codage de forme, prolongement : padding, codage dynamique, codage concurrentiel, optimisation débit-distorsion, répartition des débits, antialiasing.
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Pires, Mateus Marques. "DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE COMUNIDADES DE MACROINVERTEBRADOS AQUÁTICOS EM ÁREAS DE CULTIVO DE ARROZ E BANHADOS NO EXTREMO SUL DO BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5301.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do SulThe role of rice fields in representing alternative refugees for wetland-expelled macroinvertebrates, in various scales, was assessed in southern Brazil. It is expected that rice fields sustain a representative version, although poorer, of wetland s macroinvertebrate fauna. Sampling was carried out in three different areas from the Central Depression in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, away hundreds of kilometers from each other. Wetlands and rice fields were simultaneously sampled. Richness was found to be equivalent in both environments. Macroinvertebrate communities composition and taxonomic structure were different at both environments. In rice fields, active dispersal taxa were more common, suggesting that the maintenance of a dry-phase at growth areas during intercrop season favors colonization by these taxa. In wetlands, regional scale was responsible for the greatest contribution to macroinvertebrate diversity. Though, at intermediate-scale (within-region), rice fields presented higher diversity than wetlands, due to different cultivation systems and growth phases of the culture. Drainage practices together with climatic changes affecting study area, which have caused longer drying periods, held up for differences in communities composition and taxonomic structure at both environments. Yet the influence of study scales was more related to wetland s environmental heterogeneity, opposing to rice field lesscomplex environmental structure.
A capacidade de arrozais irrigados representarem um refúgio alternativo para os macroinvertebrados expulsos de banhados, em diversas escalas de estudo, foi analisada no extremo sul do Brasil. Espera-se que arrozais sustentem uma fauna representativa, porém mais pobre do que a dos banhados. A amostragem foi conduzida em três regiões da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, distantes centenas de quilômetros umas das outras, onde banhados e arrozais foram amostrados simultaneamente. A riqueza encontrada foi semelhante em ambos os ambientes. A composição e a estrutura taxonômica das comunidades foram distintas nos dois ambientes. Nos arrozais, táxons de dispersão ativa foram mais comuns, o que sugere que a manutenção de fase seca nas áreas de cultivo, durante a entressafra, favorece a colonização por estes tipos de macroinvertebrados. Nos banhados, a escala regional contribuiu para a maior porcentagem da diversidade de macroinvertebrados encontrados. Porém, nos diferentes locais amostrados (escala espacial intermediária) de cada região de estudo, os arrozais apresentaram maior diversidade do que os banhados, o que pode ser creditado aos diferentes sistemas de cultivo e fases de desenvolvimento observadas. A prática de drenagem dos banhados para o plantio de arroz durante o verão, associada às alterações climáticas que têm atingido a região de estudo, causando períodos de estiagem mais prolongados do que o usual, foram responsáveis pelas diferenças de composição e estrutura taxonômica encontradas nos dois ambientes. Já a influência das escalas espaciais esteve mais relacionada à heterogeneidade ambiental dos banhados, em oposição à estrutura mais simplificada dos arrozais.
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Hansson, Sara, and Linda Rudbo. "”Barnen är mer haj på den här paddan än vad jag är” : En kvalitativ studie om pedagogers erfarenheter och upplevelser av surfplattan i förskolan utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Barn- och ungdomsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114768.
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Sandström, Åke. "Hå och hamna : Ordhistoriska och ordgeografiska studier av paddlingens och roddens äldsta terminologi i Norden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102931.
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In Old West Norse there is mention of an Arctic skin and osier boat, which was paddled with Old West Norse (húð)keipr, diminutive keipull, formed on Germanic *kaip- ’bend, unfold’ according to the construction method. In East Norse there was a corresponding wooden boat, e.g. Swedish själ-myndrick, formed on mynda verb ‘paddle’ (< Primitive Norse *mundian ‘aim at a certain goal, take aim’). In the provinces south of this verb’s area of distribution there occurs instead svepa verb ’paddle’ (< Primitive Germanic *swaipōn ‘swing’). The earliest instances of Nordic rowing navigation are found in Norway and Denmark. Instances of rowing in the Baltic area are found on some picture stones from about the 6th century. But oarlocks with a grommet were probably used already for the steering oar in the paddled boats of the Bronze Age. An early oarlock (with a grommet) is that made of a goose-necked piece of wood, Old Swedish hār, Old West Norse hár (< *hanhu-, *hanha- ‘branching, fork of a branch’) and Old West Norse keipr (< *kaip- ‘something with a crooked or bent (-back) shape’. The word hár exists as a first element in Old Swedish hā-band ‘oar-loop’, Old West Norse há-bora ‘oar-port’ etc. Old West Norse keipr ‘oarlock’ has no ancient compounds. East Nordic hamna (> Finnish hamina), Old Danish hafnæ (Old Frisian hevene) and West Nordic hamla (Faroese homla, Old English hamele, hamule) ‘oar-loop’ occurred early on the oarlock with a grommet; hamna may be a derivation of the stem in Primitive Norse *haƀan verb ‘hold (fast)’, alternatively *hafna- ‘clasp something’; hamla derives from a Germanic *hamilōn with the meaning ‘bridling band’. Centrally in the Nordic area hamna (Danish havne) and hamla ‘oar-loop’ were also used denominatively with the meaning ‘row pushing in a hamna/hamla (oar-loop)’. In addition there is the Swedish dialectal sväva (~ sveva, svävja) ‘row (back, break etc.) with pushing rowing’ and in the group of older verbs for rowing there is East Swedish hopa < Primitive Norse *hōƀian ‘fix one’s eyes upon a certain goal (in the distance)’. With word formations on Germanic *þulna- ‘wooden plug’ there arose from the Middle Ages and in the North Sea countries a new terminology for the oarlock: Norse tull, toll ‘oarlock with a thole pin’. Even younger concepts are tullgång ‘oarlock with two thole pins’, årklyka, årgaffel ‘oar crutch’. A distinctive trait of Old Swedish hār and hamna, Old West Norse hár and hamla and keipr and other common words for the oarlock is in these words the shift of meaning ‘oarlock of a specific kind’ > ‘almost any kind of oarlock’. Finally, the question arises whether or not the word svear of a tribe by Lake Mälaren could be tied to the paddling through a connection to the stem of the verbs svepa and sväva.Ingår även i serie: Studier till en svensk dialektgeografisk atlas, 8
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Puig, Xavier 1975. "Agricultural practices, biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by bats in Mediterranean crops." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672824.
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We study the effect of organic farming practices on several taxa in olive groves and vineyards. Sessile organisms show a stronger response to treatment, their diversity being higher in organic vineyards. Vagile organism show a less intense response, with the most mobile taxa (birds) showing no farming treatment related differences. Organic olive groves are preferred over conventional groves by some endangered bat species (Rhinolophus spp.), thus stressing their importance for bat conservation. We analize the regulatory ecosystems services bats exert in rice paddies. Bats predate on both agricultural pests (moths and midges) and disease-bearing pests (mosquitoes). The intensity with which they track pests is linked to the cost-benefit trade-off, more evidently shifting their hunting grounds when bigger pests are available. Their economic impact has been assessed in terms of the avoided pesticide cost per hectare of rice crop and year at around 50€Evaluem l’efecte del maneig ecològic de vinyes i oliverars sobre diversos grups taxonòmics. Els organismes sèssils mostren diversitats majors en ecològic. Els organismes vàgils mostren una resposta més moderada, i els organismes més mòbils analitzats (aus) no mostren diferencies entre pràctiques agrícoles. Els oliverars ecològics són seleccionats positivament per part d’especies amenaçades de ratpenats (Rhinolophus spp.), posant-se de manifest la seva importància per a la conservació. Analitzem els serveis ecosistèmics de regulació que els ratpenats exerceixen en els arrossars. Els ratpenats depreden tant sobre plagues agrícoles (arnes i quironòmids) com sobre vectors de malalties humanes (mosquits). La intensitat amb la que segueixen els moviments de les plagues per alimentar-se’n depèn del compromís cost-benefici, canviant les seves zones d’alimentació de forma evident quan hi ha plagues de major mida. L’impacte econòmic en quant als costos evitats de pesticida per hectàrea y any s’ha estimat en uns 50€
Programa de Doctorat en Medi Ambient
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AZAB, TAHER. "DIFFERENTIALLY PRIVATE TRAFFIC PADDING FOR WEB APPLICATIONS." Thesis, 2014. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/978262/1/AZAB_MSc_W2014.pdf.pdf.
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The wide adoption of Web applications in various sectors of our society, such as government, finance, education, health care, media, etc., has implicitly introduced new security
challenges. Among such challenges are side channel attacks that may disclose private user inputs from encrypted raffic. Such attacks might have a serious impact upon user privacy in such applications. In this thesis, we propose a new concept and algorithms that can preserve user privacy in Web applications. In order to achieve this, we define a new privacy
model based on a well known concept, namely, differential privacy. The intent is to make
padded traffic differentially private such that adversaries cannot infer private user inputs
even when they possess prior knowlege about such inputs. At the same time, we intent
to achieve a balance bewteen privacy and the incurred communication overhead. In order
to demonstrate the usefulness of our model, we implement the proposed algorithms and
conduct experiments based on data collected from well known Web applications.
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Huang, Zhi-Wen, and 黃志文. "Receiver Design for Zero Padding Single Carrier System." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67241484406340586168.
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碩士國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系
90
In this thesis, we introduce the zero-padding single carrier system (zero padding SC). The zero padding SC system has a very low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The transmitter does not assume any knowledge about the channel and does nothing more than parallel to serial operation. Unlike the cyclic prefix single carrier system, there is no inter block interference in the receivered sequence of samples for the zero padding SC system. The receiver has N input and M output. This allows more flexibility in designing the receivers. We propose different receivers for the zero padding SC system that give different trade-offs between performance and implementation complexity. The zero padding SC system performs significantly better than the OFDM system for a practical range of probability of errors. Performance evaluation of the receiver designs will be given.
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Wang, Jyun-ping, and 王俊評. "Speech Enhancement Using Variable-Length-Zero-Padding Approach." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48184265872871310570.
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碩士亞洲大學
資訊傳播學系碩士班
98
Speech enhancement is a very important technique in many applications, such as serving as the front-end of the voice communications or the speech recognition systems. It enables the performance of a system to be improved by the application of speech enhancement. The estimation of noise spectrum is still a challenge research for the application of speech enhancement. It is due to the fact that the accuracy of noise estimation can dominate the performance of enhanced speech. In this thesis , we attempt to analyze the stationary property of a channel noise signal. Hence, the property of noise variation is employed to decide either a zero-padding algorithm or a frame-zero-padding method is performed to improve the accuracy of estimating noise spectral level. In the case of nonstationary noise, the frame-zero-padding approach is employed. The noise spectrum can be estimated during the zero-padded frames. In turn, this noise estimate is applied to a spectral subtraction algorithm for enhancing a noise corrupted speech signal. On the other hand, if the noise is stationary, the zero-padding method is used to estimate the amplitude of noise. This estimate is then applied to a sample thresholding method for speech enhancement. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can accurately evaluate the stationary property of channel noise. Hence an appropriate zero-padding method is applied in the transmitter. The receiver enhances the corrupted speech in the time domain for stationary noise and in the frequency domain for nonstationary noise. Therefore, the performance of enhanced speech is improved.
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何松庭. "Short path padding for timing error resilient circuits." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41795110924219377910.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
101
Modern IC designs are exposed to a wide range of dynamic variations. Traditionally, a conservative timing guardband is required to guarantee correct operations under the worst-case variation, thus leading to performance degradation. To remove the guardband, resilient circuits are proposed. However, the short path padding (hold time fixing) problem is severe in resilient circuits. In this thesis, to enable the timing error detection and correction mechanism of resilient circuits, we focus on the short path padding problem. Unlike recent prior work adopts greedy heuristics with a global view, we determine the padding values and locations with a global view. Moreover, we propose coarse-grained and fine-grained padding allocation methods to further achieve the derived padding values at physical implementation.
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Lin, Cheng-Yu, and 林政諭. "Data-hiding based random padding in remote attestation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cnauph.
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碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
106
Wireless sensor network (WSN) composed of base station and sensor nodes has been widely applied in our daily lives, such as healthcare monitoring systems. The advantages of sensor nodes are optimized implementation and cost-efficient. However, these sensors have limited resources in computation, memory capacity, and energy. For the reasons given above, these sensors become attractive target for various security risks. A compromised sensor node will result in fake data delivery or private data disclosure. Therefore, a security mechanism used for detecting the trustworthiness of a sensor node is urgently desired. Remote attestation scheme, an effective protection mechanism, has been proposed for detecting the trustworthiness of a sensor node. The remote attestation is based on challenge-response protocol. A verifier can verify the trustworthiness of a sensor node by attesting it's integrity of program memory. In remote attestation, both random padding and time-based detection approach are essential. However, in a large-scale WSN, time-based detection approach is susceptible to varying transmission delays. Therefore, many hardware-based remote attestation schemes depending on a tamper-proof chip have been proposed. The tamper-proof chip is employed to act as a remote agent, therefore, it must store challenge-response pairs for verifying the trustworthiness of the sensor node. In this thesis, we propose a remote attestation with lightweight tamper-proof chip. With stenography that we applied, the chip does not need to store challenge-response pairs. The challenge-response pairs are randomly stored in platform while only the lightweight tamper-proof chip is aware of the memory locations of these challenge-response pairs.
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Cheng, Hsien-Tzu, and 鄭仙資. "Cube Padding for Unsupervised Saliency Prediction in 360 Videos." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ju5cvb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系所
106
Automatic saliency prediction in 360 videos is critical for viewpoint guidance applications (e.g., Facebook 360 Guide). We propose a spatial-temporal network which is (1) unsupervisedly trained and (2) tailor-made for 360 viewing sphere. Note that most existing methods are less scalable since they rely on annotated saliency map for training. Most importantly, they convert 360 sphere to 2D images (e.g., a single equirectangular image or multiple separate Normal Field-of-View (NFoV) images) which introduces distortion and image boundaries. In contrast, we propose a simple and effective Cube Padding (CP) technique as follows. Firstly, we render the 360 view on six faces of a cube using perspective projection. Thus, it introduces very little distortion. Then, we concatenate all six faces while utilizing the connectivity between faces on the cube for image padding (i.e., Cube Padding) in convolution, pooling, convolutional LSTM layers. In this way, CP introduces no image boundary while being applicable to almost all Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structures. To evaluate our method, we propose Wild-360, a new 360 video saliency dataset, containing challenging videos with saliency heatmap annotations. In experiments, our method outperforms all baseline methods in both speed and quality.
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Shih, Mei-fang, and 施玫芳. "Does Insurance Coverage Affect Behavioral Intention of Insurance Claim Padding?" Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98678217984016513516.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
風險管理與保險研究所
100
Misrepresenting the nature of an accident to obtain insurance money for a loss not covered by the insurance policy is definitely unethical and will cause serious harm to insurers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this issue, and examine the impacts of insurance coverage and fraud sizes on the consumer attitudes toward the false representation. Questionnaire surveys were collected from 210 full time civil servants at the Agricultural Research Institutes in Taiwan. Results indicated that insurance coverage affected ethical judgment and perceived fairness, and ethical judgment and perceived fairness are related to the false representation. In addition, perceived fairness is related to ethical judgment (the more people feel it is fair to cheat, the higher propensity they have to deem the cheating as ethical).
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Chen, Li-fei, and 陳麗妃. "Study of Colorimetry Using Vat Dyes with Padding Method on Cotton." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28136330435321989898.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程所
96
Cotton and cellulose fibers are very important textile. They are used in whole world and their consumption is increasing. Vat dye is one of the most popular dye classes used for coloration of cotton in today’s dyeing industry because vat dyes yield coloured fiber of excellent all-round fastness, particularly to light, washing and chlorine bleaching. Vat dyes play an important role in blue jeans. Although only 10 g of indigo is necessary for dyeing one pair of trousers, the vast annual sales of 109 blue jeans in the whole world. By the trend of time, the quality of dyeing is requested. Color reproduction is very necessary in dyeing processes. If we understand the properties of vat dyes, thousands of textiles will be made the same colorimetry. The potential between the vat dyes proves decisive, so choosing right dye to mix is an important part. To know the properties of vat dyes and find the best condition in order to control the usage amount of reducer and reduce much waste water. This experiment treats about the colorimetry and characterization on three different brands of vat dyes. Redox titrations at various pH values or temperature and titrations after milling were carried out to determine the leuco potential of vat dyes. To choose the stable dyes, and observe the change of colorimetry by padding on cotton. Observe and discuss the cotton color change after different oxidation processes and find the method that how to control the colour of dyeing. The experimental result shows the best dyeing condition of three brands vat dyes is between 10 and 30 ℃, and the leveling property is better after milling. Vat dyes yield coloured fibres will get stable coloration through enough oxidizing process. The washing fastness of all dyeings was rated at 4-5.The rub fastness is higher after milling and at high temperature.
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鄭光惠. "Needle Punched Nonwovens Apply to the Process of Continuous Padding-Dyeing." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15133893913612282510.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
紡織工程學系
87
Dyeing of nonwovens usually used fibers dyed and beam dyed, for the technology of nonwovens in the dyeing processes. The continuous dyeing process was investigated for improving the time, manpower of use and the effect of economy in this study. The nonwovens of needle punching using of Nylon 6 fiber applied to the matrix of sole and piece of felts, which were dyed by the continuous padding-dyeing processes. The various of acid dyes, including in leveling dyes, milling dyes and super milling dyes, were applied to the process. One of the best migration inhibitor, sodium alginate, was used for paste which assisted the particle of dyes to permeate in the dyeing conditions. In order to inhibit the migration properties, the dyeing ability of various the paste content and the different pre-dry and curing temperature conditions were discussed in the study. The results revealed that the process of pre-dry consisted of infrared radiation and hot-air which had a effective pre-dry and migratory properties. It could be reached a lower migration at 10g/l paste concentration, which have the minimal migration and the particle of dye have the maximal balance of absorption. Besides, after dyeing, the tensile strength and stiffness could be kept at above 91%, and general dyeing fastness could have a standard level.
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Yen, Wu Ming, and 巫明諺. "Noise Reduction Using Frame-Zero-Padding and Multiple-Frame Interpolation Approach." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41640672920413709161.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
資訊傳播學系碩士班
99
The estimation of noise spectrum is an important task for the application of noise reduction. It is attributed to the fact that the accuracy of noise estimation can dominate the performance of enhanced speech. The idea of frame-zero-padding method is to periodically insert zero frames into a clean speech signal. Hence this zero padded signal is transmit through a communication channel with the corruption of additive noise. Because speech signals are absent at the zero-padded frames. Thus we can estimate the magnitude of background in the zero-padded frames. In order to improve the estimation accuracy for channel noise, the noise spectra are estimated by interpolating the noise spectra between two successive zero-padding frames. Hence, both the estimated noise magnitude and the noise masking threshold are employed to adapt a perceptual gain factor for noise reduction. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the zero-padding and the frame-zero-padding methods.