Journal articles on the topic 'Package goods industry Australia'
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1
Lewis, David. "Taxation aspects of climate change management measures." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09015.
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Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our policymakers, as the Government moves to re-introduce its preferred CPRS legislative package for the third time. The advent of climate change legislation is inevitable and its impact will be far-reaching. This paper reviews the fiscal aspects of the proposed CPRS legislation in the context of the oil and gas industry, and whether it is conducive to creating incentives for appropriate climate change response by the industry. In particular, this paper will consider: the direct and indirect tax features specifically covered in the proposed CPRS legislation and their implications; the areas of taxation that remain uncanvassed in the proposed CPRS legislation and aspects requiring clarification from the tax administration; the interaction between Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and the CPRS measures; the flow-on impacts to taxation outcomes resulting from proposed accounting and financial reporting responses to the CPRS legislation; the income tax and PRRT treatment of selected abatement measures; and, elements of a good CPRS tax strategy and compliance action plan.
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Chileshe, Nicholas, Raufdeen Rameezdeen, and M. Reza Hosseini. "Drivers for adopting reverse logistics in the construction industry: a qualitative study." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 23, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-06-2014-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse the perceptions of South Australian construction practitioners on drivers affecting the implementation of reverse logistics (RL). In this context, RL is defined as the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value or ensuring proper disposal. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight practitioners to collect data and the interview transcripts were analysed using the NVivo (version 10) package. Cluster analysis was used to cross-validate the findings and provide an in-depth insight into the findings. Findings – The findings indicate that most of the drivers identified in earlier research are relevant for the construction industry. In addition, the study identified some new drivers that are categorised as “targeted demands by an exclusive clientele”. These drivers were found to be complementary to the economic, environmental and social drivers as previously conceptualised. In addition, a set of factors affecting the strength of drivers that had been overlooked in previous studies emanated from the interview analysis. These include the type of project and the attributes of clients, both of which strongly affect the drivers of RL implementation in construction. Research limitations/implications – The major limitations are the relatively small size of the sample of interviewees and having interviewees from one geographic area with specific socio-economic characteristics. Practical implications – The identified drivers and the clustering of RL themes could be used by practitioners as a “road map” for the development of appropriate solutions to successfully promote RL within the construction industry. Organisational energies could thus be channelled towards the drivers that need the most improvement. Originality/value – The study contributes to this research sphere by employing cluster analysis to customise and contextualise the drivers that were previously identified. The study goes beyond the extant literature by discovering the prominent effects of these drivers on the impact of targeted demands by an exclusive clientele. This could be of great value in terms of creating avenues for future investigations on the topic.
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Jensen, Chloe, Kirsten Fang, Amanda Grech, and Anna Rangan. "Trends in Sales and Industry Perspectives of Package Sizes of Carbonates and Confectionery Products." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051071.
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Discretionary food package sizes are an important environmental cue that can affect the amount of food consumed. The aim of this study was to determine sales trends and reported food industry perspectives for changing food package sizes of carbonates and confectionery between 2005 and 2019. Changes in package sizes of carbonates and confectionery were investigated in Australia, the USA, Canada, and the UK. Sales data (units per capita and compound annual growth rate between 2005 and 2019) were extracted from the Euromonitor database. Qualitative data (market research reports) on industry perspectives on package size changes were extracted from industry and marketing databases. Carbonate sales data showed increased growth of smaller package sizes (<300 mL) and a decrease in sales of larger package sizes (≥2000 mL) in all four countries. In contrast, confectionery sales data showed no consistent trends across the selected countries. No growth was observed for smaller confectionery package sizes but an increase in growth of larger package sizes (50–99 g, >100 g), including share packages, was observed in Australia. Qualitative data (n = 92 articles) revealed key reasons identified by industry for changes in package size related to consumer health awareness, portion size control, convenience, market growth, and government or industry initiatives. Monitoring of discretionary food package sizes provides additional insights into consumers’ food environment.
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Ng, Hei Man Emily, Jessica Xu, Qingzhou Liu, and Anna Rangan. "Changes in Package Sizes of Savoury Snacks through Exploration of Euromonitor and Industry Perspectives." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 9359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159359.
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Portion sizes of many energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods and drinks have increased in the past decade, whereas our understanding of the pattern of changes in package sizes remains limited. This study aimed to determine changing trends in sales and package sizes of savoury snacks in Australia, the USA, Japan and Hong Kong, and to investigate industry perspectives for these changes. Sales data (units per capita) between 2006–2020 on savoury snacks were extracted from the Euromonitor International database. Industry perspectives on package size changes were extracted systematically from selected databases, company reports and related websites following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The findings showed that sales per capita of savoury snacks of all package sizes increased across all four countries/regions between 2006–2020. Although changes in the proportion of smaller (<100 g) versus larger (>100 g) package size sales in each country/region over time were modest, Japan and Hong Kong exhibited a consistently higher proportion of smaller package sales compared with Australia and the USA (83.3%, 64.4%, 44.3%, 20.2%, respectively). Industry perspectives showed that increasing consumer health consciousness, demands for convenience and portion control were the main contributors to decreasing package sizes of savoury snacks. Industry reports from 2020 showed an increase in larger package size sales due to consumer purchasing behaviour amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Marginson, Simon. "International Education in Australia: The Roller Coaster." International Higher Education, no. 68 (March 25, 2015): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2012.68.8626.
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Australia's international education industry', a major export sector, slumped in 2010 because of more restrictive migration policy and visa processing, a crackdown on backdoor migration schemes, a high Australian dollar and tardy official response to racist violence affecting international students. A package of reforms in late 2011 freed up visa processing and work experience for graduates but so far industry recovery has been slow and uncertain.
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Kondratiev, V. B. "Australian Mining Industry: Positions and Perspectives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-91-102.
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Australia has a world-leading mining industry as a producer for some 16 commodities including gold, bauxite, iron ore, rare earths, zinc, nickel and coal. In 2021, Australia’s mineral exports (excluding petroleum products) amounted to $200 billion which was 58% of all good’s export and 46% of all exported goods and services. In 2021, mining accounted for more than 10% of gross national product. In addition, the mining industry employed some 240 000 people, with many more employed by related industries. Australia is richly endowed with many minerals, that are regarded as critical, or strategic, minerals by many trading partners. Growing markets for these commodities, particularly for those associated with emerging technologies such as battery storage, renewable energy and electric vehicles have stimulated exploration and resource delineation in Australia in recent years
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VOLYNETS, L. "LIBERALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRANSPORTATION AS A NEW IMPULSE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY." Economics of the transport complex, no. 37 (May 12, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/etk.2225-2304.2021.37.161.
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The article examines the influence of state regulators on the organization of the process of international road transportation for Ukrainian carriers.
It is substantiated that in the field of international road transportation there is a permit system between countries. That is, the main document that allows the performance of commercial transportation of goods or passengers on the territory of any state by a foreign vehicle is a permit to perform international road transportation of goods / passengers on the territory of a foreign state. A separate permit must be issued for each carriage of goods, which gives the right to carry out one run in the forward and reverse directions, unless another is stipulated in the permit itself. The competent authorities of the Contracting Parties will annually transmit to each other a mutually agreed number of forms of permits for the carriage of goods. In most cases, freight permits are issued within quotas on a parity basis.
It has been proven that the administrative barrier in the form of permits for international road transportation is a deterrent to the free market.
On the one hand, it is a kind of lever to protect national carriers, but on the other hand it is a restriction for the industry and not just transport.
After all, changes in the legislation of the European Union will have an effect on Ukrainian carriers. Since, the process of negotiations in the direction of liberalization of road freight transportation for Ukrainian carriers is becoming more difficult. Therefore, the agreements reached with the countries that have agreed to such a step are extremely important.
The legal acts included in the so-called Mobility Package and intended for the regulation of international road transportation in the European Union are described. Despite the fact that the norms of the Mobility Package now apply only to carriers from the EU member states and do not apply to carriers from the third countries, including Ukrainian, it is expected that the competent EU bodies will initiate proposals to extend a number of provisions of the Mobility Package to the carriers of non-EU countries.
The proposed liberalization of the conditions for international road transportation is a new impetus for the development of the transport industry, as the absence of any barriers in the form of permits is a competitive advantage of domestic carriers in the road transport market.
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Thomas, Abigail. "Free-to-Air Futures in the United Kingdom and Australia: A Personal View." Media International Australia 98, no. 1 (February 2001): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109800112.
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This industry paper looks at the broadcasting industry, how its revenue streams are changing and how this will affect the future of free-to-air services. Its premise is that, increasingly, consumers will purchase services rather than goods, and that their attention will become more and more valuable. If existing broadcasters want to remain relevant, they need to make sure that their content is accessible to consumers in the new world
9
Murray, J. H., and D. W. Young. "TAXATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN OFFSHORE INDUSTRY: A PERSPECTIVE." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03047.
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There is an extensive list of taxes (direct and indirect) that potentially apply to companies that explore and produce oil, gas or other hydrocarbons in Australia’s offshore waters. These taxes can include income tax, petroleum resource rent tax, royalties, goods and services tax, customs duties and fringe benefits tax. However, are such companies that produce in Australia taxed more than their counterparts in offshore locations elsewhere around the globe? This paper provides an insight into the principal forms of direct taxation that apply to the Australian offshore production industry. It examines the nature of the taxes applied, the rate of taxation and how the tax take has moved over the years since the first offshore exploration permits were granted in Australia in the late 1950s. The paper gives examples of how in practice each of the relevant taxes would apply throughout the life of a field and compares the taxation burden in Australia to that in other key offshore producing jurisdictions such as the UK, US and Norway. The paper concludes by looking at some of the economic and political factors that must be addressed by the Australian Government if Australia is to maintain a fiscally balanced tax regime to encourage further investment in our offshore industry.
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Inklaar, Robert, Marcel P. Timmer, and Bart van Ark. "Mind the Gap! International Comparisons of Productivity in Services and Goods Production." German Economic Review 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 281–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00408.x.
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Abstract In this paper, we make a comparison of industry output, inputs and productivity growth and levels between seven advanced economies (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and United States). Our industry-level growth accounts make use of input data on labour quantity (hours) and composition (schooling levels), and distinguish between six different types of capital assets (including three information and communication technology (ICT) assets). The comparisons of levels rely on industry-specific purchasing power parities (PPPs) for output and inputs, within a consistent input-output framework for the year 1997. Our results show that differences in productivity growth and levels can be mainly traced to market services, not to goods-producing industries. Part of the strong productivity growth in market services in Anglo-Saxon countries, such as in Australia and Canada, may be related to relatively low productivity levels compared with the United States. In contrast, services productivity levels in continental European countries were on par with the United States in 1997, but growth in Europe was much weaker since then. In terms of factor input use, the United States is very different from all other countries, mostly because of the more intensive use of ICT capital in the United States.
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Stoelwinder, Johannes U. "The price of choice: private health insurance in Australia." Australian Health Review 25, no. 6 (2002): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020042.
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Private Health Insurance (PHI) is an integral part of the financing of the Australian health care system. PHI is popular and has strong political support because it is perceived to give choice of access and responsiveness. However, in the past increasing premiums have led to a progressive decline in membership. A package of reforms by the Commonwealth Government in support of the private health insurance has reinvigorated the industry over the last three years. Some strategies for achieving a sustainable PHI industry are described. The key challenge is to control claims cost to maintain affordable premiums. Many techniques to do this compromise choice and challenge the very rationale for purchasing the product. Funds and providers will have to establish a new level of relationship to meet this challenge.
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Sacks, Gary, Ella Robinson, Adrian J. Cameron, Lana Vanderlee, Stefanie Vandevijvere, and Boyd Swinburn. "Benchmarking the Nutrition-Related Policies and Commitments of Major Food Companies in Australia, 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 6118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176118.
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The food industry has an important role to play in efforts to improve population diets. This study aimed to benchmark the comprehensiveness, specificity and transparency of nutrition-related policies and commitments of major food companies in Australia. In 2018, we applied the Business Impact Assessment on Obesity and Population Level Nutrition (BIA-Obesity) tool and process to quantitatively assess company policies across six domains. Thirty-four companies operating in Australia were assessed, including the largest packaged food and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers (n = 19), supermarkets (n = 4) and quick-service restaurants (n = 11). Publicly available company information was collected, supplemented by information gathered through engagement with company representatives. Sixteen out of 34 companies (47%) engaged with data collection processes. Company scores ranged from 3/100 to 71/100 (median: 40.5/100), with substantial variation by sector, company and domain. This study demonstrated that, while some food companies had made commitments to address population nutrition and obesity-related issues, the overall response from the food industry fell short of global benchmarks of good practice. Future studies should assess both company policies and practices. In the absence of stronger industry action, government regulations, such as mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing, are urgently needed.
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Mallouppas, George, Elias A. Yfantis, Angelos Ktoris, and Constantina Ioannou. "Methodology to Assess the Technoeconomic Impacts of the EU Fit for 55 Legislation Package in Relation to Shipping." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081006.
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The recent inclusion of shipping in the Fit for 55 legislation package will have large knock-on effects on the industry and consequently on end consumers. The present paper presents an innovative top-down methodology, the MSF455 model, which estimates the new vessel Operational Expenditure (OPEX) as per the provisions of the Fit for 55 package and various scenarios based on carbon tax, penalty allowances, maritime fuel tax and effect. The methodology is presented and tested against six scenarios that are based on Det Norske Veritas’s (DNV) fuel maritime projections. The model illustrates that the distinction between intra-EU and extra-EU penalty allowance creates a large disparity and thus reduction in the competitiveness of goods (produced and transported).
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Baker, S. T. "FOREIGN INVESTORS AND CORPORATIONS SHARPEN FOCUS ON AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94062.
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The rising participation of foreign corporations and equity investors at every level of the Australian industry, is a sure sign of this region's exploration and fiscal attraction. It is time notice is taken of the specific reasons for this, learn from it and derive some benefit from it. Australian companies seeking to attract equity capital from overseas should be keenly aware of what is sought after, and package their attributes accordingly. Companies seeking corporate relationships, may have some hidden assets to offer and could easily undersell themselves. Finally, companies seeking to diversify overseas run the risk of mis-allocating resources into areas of lesser return. The penalty for this is takeover.
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NGÔ THỊ HẢI, XUÂN. "The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Opportunities and Challenges to Vietnam’s Apparel Exported to the US Market." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 216 (April 1, 2013): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.216.02.
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The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is negotiated among eleven countries from three continents: Brunei Darussalam, Chile, New Zealand, Singapore, Australia, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the USA and Vietnam. It is considered as a 21st century trade agreement because it deals with various fields, from trade in goods and services to intellectual property, labor and environmental issues. TPP therefore offers both opportunities and challenges to Vietnamese economy, especially opportunity to export goods to member markets, including the US one - a potential market for various goods from Vietnam, such as apparel, footwear and aquatic products, etc. This paper aims at presenting an overview on TPP, and estimating opportunities and challenges to Vietnamese apparel industry when exporting its output to the USA in the future as influenced by the TPP.
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Mpele Lekhanya, Lawrence, Nze Grace Olajumoke, and Dorasamy Nirmala. "Exploring fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) small, medium and micro enterprises manufacturers’ need for innovation to achieve growth." Environmental Economics 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(2).2017.01.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problems of the sustainable development, to explore the level of innovation in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturing SMMEs sectors, which most affects on the state of the environment, to identify the causes of low innovation in the industry and to examine these factors influence on the effectiveness of SMMEs manufacturers innovation strategies, as well as to invent a new innovation strategic approach to overcome innovation problems in the economic growth of fast moving consumer goods SMMEs manufacturers. The study is aimed to determine the level of innovation and factors contributing to low innovation in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) SMMEs manufacturers, which hinder their economic performance. Mixed approach of quantitative and qualitative questionnaire is used for primary data collection. Sample consists of 120 SMMEs. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (23.0) was employed for data analysis. The study results are presented with figures and diagrams. This study will be a useful tool for general public and relevant stakeholders in this sector.
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Maynard, R. "INDIRECT TAXATION IN AUSTRALIA—WHERE ARE WE?" APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06034.
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Despite some effort at tax reform in Australia, industry still has to deal with a number of indirect taxes including: goods and services tax (GST); customs and excise duties; fuel tax credits; payroll and other employment taxes; and, stamp duties.While most of these imposts have been around for some time in one form or another, many changes have occurred in the administration of them—some under the banner of reform or streamlining, some subtle and some extensive.This paper seeks to summarise some of the main indirect tax issues that remain to be resolved or have emerged. For example, GST, which has now been in operation for more than six years, has a number of significant interpretive issues that are yet to be finally determined. The Mining and Energy Industry Partnership Issues Register still lists ‘Supply of Going Concerns: Farm Ins and Farm Outs’ as an unresolved issue. While the main problems are not so much with the ‘going concerns’ side but rather with non-monetary consideration, and tend to be in the hard rock mining sector, there is a renewed focus from both an income tax and GST perspective that has the potential to alter some long-held positions. Managing the petroleum industry’s position through this process will be important. In the case of the Government’s much-heralded fuel tax credits scheme, which has the stated aim of reducing taxes on business inputs, the changes in the early years offer little in the way of reductions for most businesses.
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Bosma, Shane. "The impact of recent shipping reforms on the offshore oil and gas industry in Australia." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12017.
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This peer-reviewed paper focuses on the impact of recent shipping reforms on the offshore oil and gas industry in Australia. These reforms are: the wholesale rewrite of the Navigation Act 1912 (Cth) by the Navigation Act 2012 (Cth), and the introduction of the Marine Safety (Domestic Commercial Vessels) Act 2012 (Cth); the registration of ships in Australia and the regulation of coastal trading in Australia; and, the regulation of marine pollution in Australia. The regulatory framework for offshore oil and gas facilities, and the interaction between the maritime legislation and the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth)—specifically, how the legislation applies at different stages of the operation of offshore oil and gas facilities—is considered. Also considered is the Australian Government’s Stronger Shipping for a Stronger Economy shipping reform package, which aims to position the Australian shipping industry to take advantage of opportunities provided by an expanding export market. This peer-reviewed paper also considers the new offences for oil pollution from ships, the widened scope of liability to include charterers of ships for oil pollution, and the significantly increased penalties for pollution offences promulgated by the Maritime Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (Cth). The text was finalised in November 2012, and for that reason developments after this date have not been treated.
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Irianis, Nesya, Warih Puspitasari, and Muhardi Saputra. "How to Create E-Purchasing Based on Open ERP for Integrated Hospital Service System Using Quickstart Methodology." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 4, no. 02 (July 30, 2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v4i02.78.
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In this research, the researcher carries out the health Industry of public hospitals in Indonesia. One of the main processes in company business processes is the purchasing of goods. One of the problems in purchasing is the absence of the system that Integrates business processes between the Inventory Department and the Purchasing Department. Hence, interfere with daily operational in RSUD XYZ like due to notification’s update delay of the goods causes unavailability stock in the warehouse, so will affect the late purchase of goods at RSUD XYZ. Odoo is a software of Enterprise Resource Planning opensource used by various types of companies. Odoo provides solutions package for Purchase Management to overcome the problem in the company. The researcher used the QuickStart Methodology to implement ERP systems. Odoo implementation with QuickStart needs through five main stages. The result of this research is the design of a planning model for Enterprise Resource Planning system of purchasing in RSUD XYZ. Moreover, Odoo makes business processes in the RSUD XYZ can be automated with real-time information, this automation and real-time data will support the RSUD XYZ to make better decision in the future.
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Dixon, Peter B. "The Australia—China Free Trade Agreement: Some Modelling Issues." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082212.
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General equilibrium modelling has been used to analyse many policy proposals. This article aims to help non-modellers assess general equilibrium analyses, particularly of a potential Australia—China free trade agreement (FTA). General equilibrium modelling is effective in studies of unilateral tariff reductions. However, most general equilibrium modelling assumes given technologies and information. For issues where the essence is technology transfer and new information, general equilibrium models can only produce results after most of the analysis has been done outside the model. In an Australia—China FTA, tariff cuts may be only a small part of the package. The main part may be goodwill, technology transfer and increased mutual awareness. Thus, for analysing FTAs, general equilibrium modelling is of limited value. The only conclusion for Australia that general equilibrium modelling of an Australia—China FTA can deliver with any certainty is that such an agreement will cause significant contraction in the Australian clothing industry.
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Yendrawati, Reni, Arifin Praditya Putra, and Rina Asmara. "The Determinants of Audit Quality: A Study Using the Approach of Earnings Surprise Benchmark." Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 4, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): p16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v4n3p16.
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This study aims to find empirical evidence regarding the influence of audit tenure, audit firm rotation, audit firm industry specialization, and time budget pressure on audit quality. This research is a quantitative research using secondary data in the form of financial statements. This study uses a population of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The sampling was done by using a non-probability method with a purposive sampling technique. The number of samples used in this study is 34 companies. The data analysis method used is a logistic regression analysis method using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results of this study indicate that audit tenure and audit firm rotation have no effect on audit quality, PAF industry specialization has a positive effect on audit quality, time budget pressure has a negative effect on audit quality.
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Rousilita Suhendah, Anastassia Budiono,. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Firm Investment Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi." Jurnal Paradigma Akuntansi 1, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jpa.v1i3.5576.
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This study was conducted to determine whether the independent variable has a relationship or influence on the dependent variable. The sample in this study was obtained through a non-probability sampling method, having a total of 23 companies in the goods and consumption industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 - 2017. The amount of data obtained is 68 data. Data management is carried out using the SPSS program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows Version 25. The results of the study show that leverage variables have no negative effect on firm investment, variable liquidity does not have a positive effect on firm investment, and profitability variables have a positive effect on firm investment
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Oktarina, Yurni, Tresna Dewi, and Pola Risma. "The Concept of Automatic Transport System Utilizing Weight Sensor." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v9i2.339.
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The current pandemic situation insists that people find a way to create a physical distance, limiting the number of people in a closed room. The human need for commuting has led to the idea of an automatic transport system that can transport people and goods without the assistance of a driver. This idea can lead to a new "normal" and reduced cost of manufacturing in the industry. The paper discussed the concept of an automatic transport system using a weight sensor. An automatic vehicle is designed to transport loads of different packages and be allocated automatically based on the weight of the package. The system is designed to be as simple as possible to increase the scope for implementation.
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Sidabutar, Victor Tulus Pangapoi. "PEMANFAATAN SURAT KETERANGAN ASAL INDONESIA DALAM PENINGKATAN INVESTASI BERORIENTASI EKSPOR AUSTRALIA KE INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Asia 14, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v14i2.152.
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Indonesia has signed a trade agreement with Australia and hoped that this agreement can benefit both parties in facing global free trade. Indonesia is not Australia's main trading partner currently and Indonesia's exports to Australia tend to decline in recent years. Indonesia can take advantage of Australia's export market which is experiencing an increase in the value of exports which has risen faster than import prices which has affected the growth of the Australian economy. Indonesia can utilize the export market, especially markets that have trade agreements with Indonesia in order to indirectly increase Indonesian exports by utilizing the issuance of Certificates of Origin from Indonesia as partners of producers of Australian export products. The abundance of natural resources and labor in Indonesia is expected to attract the interest of Australia to invest in Indonesia to build an industry that aims to produce goods for the needs of the country's export market demand and for Indonesia to increase the entry of foreign direct investment to Indonesia.
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Adanna, Adeboye, and Kabuoh Nma. "GENDER DIVERSITY AND EMPLOYEE WORK VALUE OF SELECTED CONSUMER GOODS MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Studies in Economics and Public Sector Management 10, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijasepsm.v10.i1.04.
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Critical to any organisation is her ability to achieve high level of profitability driven by committed workforce devoid of gender disparity. However, some organisations, disregard productivity level of individual employee but imbibe gender discrimination leading to little or no profitability. This study examined the effect of gender diversity on employee work value of selected consumer goods manufacturing firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was 10,659 employees of the selected consumer goods manufacturing firms and 371 sample size determined from Raosoft sample size calculator with 30% attrition rate giving a total sample size of 482, with a response rate of 79% (379) which was finally used for the study. Primary source of data collection was adopted via a validated and reliable research instrument. Crombach’s Alpha Coefficient ranged between 0.059 to 0.856. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and tested with simple linear regression with the aid of statistical package for science solutions (SPSS) version 24.0. The result revealed that gender diversity has a positive significant effect on employee work value of selected consumer goods manufacturing firms in Lagos State, Nigeria (β = 0.289, t = 6.322, p<0.05). The study recommends that management of selected consumer goods companies should ensure equal opportunities at work to improve employee work value. Emphasis in the work place should not be on gender disparity rather on productivity level and work value as well as associated motivation to deserving employees. The study also recommends appropriate regulatory monitoring to ensure industry best practices in the consumer goods manufacturing firms.
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Grohmann, Gary. "Regulatory issues in pandemic influenza vaccine development." Microbiology Australia 27, no. 4 (2006): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma06172.
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The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) is responsible for the licensing of vaccines used in Australia. This includes pre-market evaluation aspects (such as assessing the quality, efficacy and safety of vaccines) and post-market aspects (such as batch release testing and the monitoring of adverse reactions). For inter-pandemic and pandemic influenza vaccines, TGA is also involved in the selection of appropriate vaccine viruses and the calibration and supply of reagents for the production of influenza vaccines. Together with industry, TGA has a responsibility to ensure that all regulatory and good manufacturing requirements (GMP) are met to ensure vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Birney, Catherine, Ben Young, Mo Li, Melissa Conner, Jacob Specht, and Wesley W. Ingwersen. "FLOWSA: A Python Package Attributing Resource Use, Waste, Emissions, and Other Flows to Industries." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 5742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115742.
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Quantifying industry consumption or production of resources, wastes, emissions, and losses—collectively called flows—is a complex and evolving process. The attribution of flows to industries often requires allocating multiple data sources that span spatial and temporal scopes and contain varied levels of aggregation. Once calculated, datasets can quickly become outdated with new releases of source data. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed the open-source Flow Sector Attribution (FLOWSA) Python package to address the challenges surrounding attributing flows to US industrial and final-use sectors. Models capture flows drawn from or released to the environment by sectors, as well as flow transfers between sectors. Data on flow use and generation by source-defined activities are imported from providers and transformed into standardized tables but are otherwise numerically unchanged in preparation for modeling. FLOWSA sector attribution models allocate primary data sources to industries using secondary data sources and file mapping activities to sectors. Users can modify methodological, spatial, and temporal parameters to explore and compare the impact of sector attribution methodological changes on model results. The standardized data outputs from these models are used as the environmental data inputs into the latest version of USEPA’s US Environmentally Extended Input–Output (USEEIO) models, life cycle models of US goods and services for ~400 categories. This communication demonstrates FLOWSA’s capability by describing how to build models and providing select model results for US industry use of water, land, and employment. FLOWSA is available on GitHub, and many of the data outputs are available on the USEPA’s Data Commons.
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Constable, Tania. "2012 offshore petroleum exploration acreage release." APPEA Journal 52, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11001.
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Australia has abundant natural gas reserves and is experiencing a rapid expansion of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) production capacity. In 2011 alone, four Australian LNG projects received final investment decisions (FIDs) and another FID was made in the first weeks of 2012. These projects will add more than 33 million tonnes of new LNG capacity, represent more than $100 billion in investment, and will see Australia become the world’s second largest LNG exporter by 2015. These projects are underpinned by Australia’s stable economic environment and our effective and efficient legislative regime that provides the industry the confidence to pursue a variety of investment opportunities. The essential first step covered by this regime is exploration, which is supported by Australia’s annual Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release. Prepared by the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism and Geoscience Australia, the annual Acreage Release is the key mechanism used by the Australian Government to encourage investment in petroleum exploration. The 2012 Acreage Release areas have been carefully selected to offer the global petroleum exploration industry a variety of investment opportunities. Areas vary in size, level of existing geological knowledge, and are located in a range of water depths. Selected areas are supported by pre-competitive geological and geophysical data and analysis undertaken by Geoscience Australia. The detailed Acreage Release information package is available at online at www.petroleum-acreage.gov.au or by visiting the Commonwealth Government’s booth at the APPEA conference.
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Prihandono, Dorojatun, Angga Pandu Wijaya, Ina Rizqiana, Wan Kalthom Yahya, and Agung Kresnamurti Rivai Prabumenang. "GREEN MARKETING TOOLS EFFECT ON CONSUMER BUYING DECISION IN THE BOTTLED WATER INDUSTRY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (August 23, 2020): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8453.
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Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine green marketing tools, eco-friendly labels, and green advertising influence on consumer purchase behavior in mineral water. This research elaborates on the Ades brand, which promotes eco-friendly image in Indonesia. Green marketing has become a trending issue in all consumer package goods industries in the past decades. The bottled water industry faces enormous challenges to produce an idiosyncratic product to win a highly competitive market.
Methodology: This study applies the partial least square analysis to examine the variable relationships. 115 respondents were involved in this study. Data collected using a questionnaire and processed by SmartPLS 3.0.
Main Findings: The analysis results show that eco-friendly Label and green advertising have a positive and significant relationship on the consumer purchase decision.
Applications of this study: The results provide valuable inputs for bottled water manufacturers to commence a green marketing campaign that fits regional and global markets to improve sales performance and overcome challenges.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Previous studies are rarely concern on consumer behavior in purchasing bottled water, therefore this research attempt to elaborate better understanding using the theory of planned behavior.
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ACHEAMPONG, PRINCE, and George William Earl. "Can Build-To-Rent Generate Affordable Housing Outcomes? A Whole-Life Costing Approach to Investment Analysis." Accounting and Finance Research 9, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v9n4p85.
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Doubts remain among stakeholders in academia and the housing industry about the potential success of build-to-rent to generate positive outcomes for institutional investors and affordable dwellings for low- and moderate-income households. However, a systematic study on the viability of build-to-rent to deliver affordable housing in Australia is largely rare and non-existent in the literature. We fill this gap in the literature by investigating the financial viability of build-to-rent and its potential to generate affordable rental housing outcomes in Brisbane, Australia. Using rental prices from CoreLogic (Formerly RP data) and construction-related costing data from WT Partners Australia for 2019, we apply the whole-life costing approach to investment analysis and confirm that build-to-rent can be feasible in Australia under equity financing. Also, we find that under the current regulatory regimes and market structure, build-to-rent will fail to deliver affordable housing outcomes. Moreover, providing free land alone cannot help to make build-to-rent affordable. Thus, significant public subsidy and tax concessions, particularly on Goods and Services Tax (GST) on construction-related costs, may be required if build-to-rent developments are to generate affordable housing outcomes in Australia.
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Perfrement, Tina, Kevin Foard, Robert Pascoe, and Stefan Maric. "Striving for a cleantech future, one product at a time." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.628.
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<p>Geelong is one of Australia’s fastest growing cities. It faces significant social, environmental and economic challenges as it transforms into a city of the 22nd century. With its strong growth; proactive business, industry and community groups; and commitment to working together in an innovative culture, the city is ideally placed to take on the challenges of a comprehensive response to making Geelong more resilient. <strong></strong></p><p>Cleantech Innovations Geelong is an alliance of business, industry, government and academia looking to develop markets for cleantech goods and services. Our aim is to establish Geelong as a Centre of Excellence for cleantech in Australia, by attracting investment, creating jobs and building skills. The program is a partnership funded through the Manufacturing Productivity Network (State Government), the Geelong Manufacturing Council and Future Proofing Geelong (City of Greater Geelong). <strong></strong></p>Clean Technologies are defined as economically viable products, services and processes that harness renewable materials and energy sources, dramatically reduce the use of natural resources and cut or eliminate emissions and wastes. This paper (and presentation) will feature three case studies which illustrate how businesses are establishing collaborative partnerships to innovate and diversify into new markets for cleantech goods and services.
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Nugroho, Rino Adi, and Kumara Jati. "POTENSI PENINGKATAN AKSES PASAR PRODUK INDONESIA KE PEREKONOMIAN APEC UNTUK MENGANTISIPASI REALISASI FTAAP." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v12i2.324.
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Abstrak Tulisan ini mengkaji potensi peningkatan akses pasar produk Indonesia ke kawasan Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) untuk mengantisipasi realisasi Free Trade Area of The Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). Penelitian ini menggunakan Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), dan analisis Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO). Hasil analisis EPD dengan menggunakan klasifikasi 21 sektor diperoleh 15 sektor ekspor Indonesia ke pasar Asia-Pasifik berada pada posisi retreat dan enam sektor lainnya berada pada posisi falling star. Berdasarkan hasil IIT diperoleh lima sektor ekspor Indonesia yang memiliki integrasi dalam kategori integrasi sangat kuat yaitu sektor hasil panen dan hewan, industri pengolahan makanan dan tembakau, industri farmasi, industri karet dan plastik, serta industri perakitan komputer. Sementara itu berdasarkan analisis Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO) terhadap 10 ekonomi Asia-Pasifik terlihat bahwa proporsi perdagangan bilateral terhadap total ekspor terbesar yaitu Indonesia terhadap Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) dan Jepang dengan persentase masing-masing sebesar 1,22% diikuti oleh Korea Selatan dan Jepang masing-masing sebesar 0,4% dan 0,32%. Ekspor Indonesia ke Australia, RRT, Jepang, Korea Selatan, Meksiko, Rusia dan Taiwan didominasi oleh barang antara dan ekspor Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat dan Kanada didominasi oleh barang konsumsi langsung. Untuk memperoleh nilai tambah, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan daya saing melalui transfer teknologi dan akses pasar yang fokus pada permintaan akhir. AbstractThis paper examines the potential improvement of market access of Indonesian products to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region to anticipate the possibility of the Free Trade Area of The Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) realization. The methods used in this research are Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), and Inter-Regional Input-Output (IRIO) analysis. Based on the analysis of EPD using 21 sectors classification, it was obtained 15 export sectors of Indonesia to Asia-Pacific market are in retreat position and other six sectors are in falling star position. While using the IIT method, there are five Indonesian export sectors that have very strong integration, namely and animal sector, food and tobacco processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, rubber and plastics industry, and computer docking industry. In addition, by using IRIO analysis on 10 Asia-Pacific economies, it showed that the largest share of Indonesia bilateral trade was to China and Japan at about 1.22% respectively. This was followed by South Korea and Taiwan with percentage of 0.4% and 0.32%. The exports of Indonesia to Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia and Taiwan were dominated by the intermediate goods, while to the United States and Canada are dominated by final goods. Therefore, to obtain added value, Indonesia’s has to improve competitiveness with technology transfer and market access increase which focuses on the final demand.
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Lambert, Rob, and Edward Webster. "Searching for Security: Case Studies of the Impact of Work Restructuring on Households in South Korea, South Africa and Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 5 (November 2010): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610381672.
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The reconfiguration of the employment relationship — through the growing intensification, informalization and casualization of work, downsizing and retrenchments — impacts directly on workers’ households and the communities within which they are embedded. To understand these responses, we need to rethink the way we study the changing employment relationship. Employment relations should not only analyse the workplace: we need to research workers in the totality of their lives. To comprehend these processes we surveyed and interviewed workers in the workplace and in their households and communities. Through following workers into their homes and communities in South Africa, Australia and South Korea, the differential impact of the global restructuring of one industry, the white goods industry, on the non-working life of working people emerged. Two types of responses were identified: on the one hand, a retreat from, or an adaptation to, rapid market liberalization; on the other, mobilization to challenge the market. All three research sites evidenced innovative attempts at the local level to search for security. However, these responses lacked an overall vision of alternative possibilities to the realities of the free market paradigm of globalization.
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Doyle, E. K., S. W. Walkden-Brown, and P. J. Sommerville. "Development, implementation and evaluation of a hub and spoke multi-institutional national model to tertiary education in sheep and wool science." Animal Production Science 61, no. 16 (2021): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an21056.
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Context The sheep and wool industry is an important and established primary production entity for Australia. Specialised tertiary education in the field of sheep and wool is pivotal to the advancement of the industry. Sheep and wool education has evolved over time synchronously with changes in the presentation of tertiary teaching. The face-to-face teaching and 4-year specialised degree in animal and wool science has now developed into an online learning system, with individual units made available to students across the country. This is delivered using a hub institute, University of New England and spoke universities across Australia. Aims The study evaluated the development and delivery of the hub and spoke method of tertiary education in sheep and wool science. Methods The data for this study comprised routine information gathered during university enrolment and specific student survey data from two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was an annual (2010–2017) survey of enrolled students (n = 289) and the second questionnaire was a survey of graduates from 2012 to 2015 (n = 128) from sheep and wool science. Key results Student numbers studying sheep and wool science in the hub and spoke program have increased three and a half fold in 10 years. The employment success of students studying the sheep and wool units is over 50%. Conclusions Utilising a hub and spoke model for online education delivery allows one university to specialise in a specific curriculum that can be offered across multi-institutions. Implications The tertiary training package, developed by the sheep and wool industry, has provided an estimated 400 graduates into the industry in 10 years.
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Halevi, Joseph, and Peter Kriesler. "Australian Economic Growth: A Structural Perspective (A Preliminary Report)." Economic and Labour Relations Review 2, no. 2 (December 1991): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469100200207.
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In this paper we argue that Australia's current economic problems are not just the result of our being at the bottom of the cycle, but rather reflect a longer term decline. The reasons for this decline are located in structural problems relating to the decline of the industrial sector and the increasing unreliability of the export sector. We view industry as the core sector which generates technology and growth. Within the industrial sector, capital goods producing industries are the ‘hot bed’ (so to speak) of structure change and technical progress. Australia has let these industries decline. As a result, traditional remedies in the form of either demand management policies or ‘waiting for the world recovery’ will not be enough. In fact, recent economic policies, rather than being a panacea, have exacerbated the problem.
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Van Gent, Dominique, Sandeep Sharma, Allison Hortle, and Linda Stalker. "The Lesueur Formation storage complex in South Western Australia: safe, secure long-term storage of CO2." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19107.
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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage remain critical components of a decarbonised future. The West Australian Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety with research partners CSIRO, Curtin University and the University of Western Australia, have assessed the suitability of storing carbon dioxide in the deep saline aquifers of the Triassic Lesueur Formation (Southern Perth Basin) through the South West Hub Carbon Storage Project (SW Hub). The SW Hub has now concluded its acquisition of pre-competitive data and research. Extensive evaluation and multiple peer reviews by industry concluded that the site is ready for the next stage of characterisation – drilling and testing to confirm or refine the predictions for a suitable commercial-scale geological storage site, enabling acreage release for commercial exploration and appraisal leading to a storage licence. The data package includes extensive geological and dynamic modelling, providing confidence in the storage complex. Four wells have been drilled and multiple seismic data acquisition surveys (including 115 km2 3D seismic) are supported by four generations of reservoir models of increasing complexity built over the last decade of investigations. The site is unique in that there is no regional shale layer above the reservoir to provide a conventional seal for injected carbon dioxide. Results indicate that secure storage is obtained via vertical trapping across the extensive storage formation thickness; if proven, this mechanism can increase storage options around the world. This paper discusses the significance of the site, the geological setting, technical workflow, monitoring strategy and community and stakeholder management activities undertaken.
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Karolina Kewa, Maria, and Gendro Wiyono. "PENGARUH GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, STRUKTUR MODAL DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)." MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA 4, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.26460/md.v4i2.8585.
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This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of growth opportunities, capital structure and dividend policy on investment decisions in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2015-2018 period. The factors tested are growth opportunities, capital structure and dividend policy and investment decisions. The data used in this study are secondary data and this study uses 18 samples of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2018 period. This study uses the Social Sciences Statistics Package (SPSS) version 17.0 to determine the results of the hypothesis. Tests using SPSS get results that show that: 1) growth opportunities have a positive and significant influence on investment decisions; 2) capital structure has a positive and significant effect on investment decisions; 3) dividend policy has a negative and significant effect on investment decisions; 4) growth opportunity variables (company growth opportunities, capital structure, dividend policy simultaneously influence investment decisions.Kata Kunci: Incentives, Employee Discipline
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Yevlash, Tetiana, and Olena Hovorukha. "SEWING PRODUCTION FEATURES ON THE CONDITIONS OF PROCESSING RAW MATERIALS." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.097.
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Introduction. The garment industry has always played a significant role in the state economy development and in everyone's life, as a factor in meeting consumer needs and a source of budget revenue, but in recent years there has been an extremely difficult situation - the garment industry has almost completely lost competitiveness in the consumer market. First, this situation arose due to fierce competition from imported goods, which saturate the market with their products of well-known brands, with a lower price, thereby displacing domestic goods. This encourages the need to study this industry, taking into account the specifics of working with toll raw materials, in order to identify problems and ways to overcome them in global competition. Purpose. Describe the current state of garment production; identify the features of the organization of sewing companies that use toll raw materials, analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of their operation; explore the accounting features; to consider the taxation of services for the processing of toll raw materials value added tax, the peculiarities of import duties calculation, other taxes and fees. Results. The peculiarities of the work organization of the sewing enterprises on the conditions of toll raw materials are covered. An indices analysis of light industry industrial products by activity type for 2015-2020 and revealed a decline in the industry production in 2018-2020. Ukrainian enterprises of the garment industry in 2010-2020 mainly used production on the terms of toll raw materials; full export; production for the domestic market. The main advantages and disadvantages of functioning of domestic garment productions with the use of toll raw materials are considered. A study of textile production indices, production of clothing, leather, leather products and other materials on a monthly basis in 2020 showed that starting from August 2020, the gradual decline in production stopped and there were trends of slight growth in production in the textile industry. The necessity of proper documentation of operations with toll raw materials for processing enterprises and creation of own package of primary forms by executing enterprises is substantiated, in order to simplify the complexity of the process of keeping accounting documentation. The interpretation of the category "toll raw materials" according to the Customs and Tax Codes of Ukraine is considered. A list of criteria in accordance with the current legislation on the recognition of transactions with toll raw materials, confirming the inability of the garment company to sell finished products made from toll raw materials, and therefore loses profits, most of which are sold by the owner of raw materials. The taxation of services on processing of toll raw materials by the value added tax, features of charge of import duty, other taxes and charges are considered. Prospects for further research are the development of virtual sales channels for garments.
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König, A., and K. Thongpull. "Lab-on-Spoon – a 3-D integrated hand-held multi-sensor system for low-cost food quality, safety, and processing monitoring in assisted-living systems." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (February 13, 2015): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-63-2015.
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Abstract. Distributed integrated sensory systems enjoy increasing impact leveraged by the surging advance of sensor, communication, and integration technology in, e.g., the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, Industry 4.0, and ambient intelligence/assisted-living applications. Smart kitchens and "white goods" in general have become an active field of R&D. The goal of our research is to provide assistance for unskilled or challenged consumers by efficient sensory feedback or context on ingredient quality and cooking step results, which explicitly includes decay and contamination detection. As one front end of such a culinary-assistance system, an integrated, multi-sensor, low-cost, autonomous, smart spoon device, denoted as Lab-on-Spoon (LoS), has been conceived. The first realized instance presented here features temperature, color, and impedance spectroscopy sensing in a 3-D-printed spoon package. Acquired LoS data are subject to sensor fusion and decision making on the host system. LoS was successfully applied to liquid ingredient recognition and quality assessment, including contamination detection, in several applications, e.g., for glycerol detection in wine. In future work, improvement to sensors, electronics, and algorithms will be pursued to achieve an even more robust, dependable and self-sufficient LoS system.
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Pittock, Barrie. "Co-benefits of large-scale renewables in remote Australia: energy futures and climate change." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11012.
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Desert/remote Australia is blessed with abundant natural energy resources from solar, geothermal and other renewable sources. If these were harnessed and connected appropriately desert/remote Australia could be not only energy self-sufficient but a net exporter. Generation of abundant, clean energy can also attract energy-intensive industries and provide local income and employment. Such co-benefits should be included in any cost-benefit analysis. Regardless of renewable energy’s contribution to reducing climate change, the world is already committed to global warming and associated climate changes. Desert/remote Australia will thus inevitably get warmer, with implications for health, energy demand and other issues, and may be subject to increased extremes such as flooding, longer dry spells, more severe storms and coastal inundation. In addition, the prospect of world demand for oil from conventional sources exceeding supply will likely lead to oil shortages, higher oil prices, and additional incentives to provide alternative energy supplies. The region is heavily reliant on diesel generators and fossil fuel-powered motor vehicles and airplanes for transport for within-region mobility, the importation of goods, the tourism industry and emergency medical services. Without adaptation, climate change and peak oil will make living in desert/remote Australia less attractive, resulting in increased difficulty of attracting and retaining skilled workers, which would constrain development. This paper focuses on the climate and energy-related impacts and potential responses. These are both a challenge and an opportunity. They could provide additional employment and income, thus helping remote communities to participate in the clean energy economy of the future and thus overcome some serious social problems. The paper attempts to review current knowledge and provoke debate on relevant investment strategies, and it teases out the questions in need of further research.
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Atkinson, Cameron, Steven Curnin, and Hannah Murphy-Gregory. "Resilient and Sustainable Water Infrastructure." Social Science Protocols 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.v5.6966.
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Background: Lifeline critical infrastructures are pivotal for the uninterrupted flow of goods and services that are crucial to the functioning of society (Singh, 2021). This review will be the second in a series of four systematic literature reviews examining the resilience and sustainability of critical lifeline infrastructures in Australia, with a focus on the state of Tasmania. The first SLR examined energy infrastructure. The recent passing of the 2021 Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill in Australia, coupled with the lack of a governing document at the state level in Tasmania, necessitates a review to uncover the governance settings, which will aide in increasing the resilience and sustainability of water infrastructures, contributing to broader critical lifeline infrastructure resilience, in Tasmania.
Methods/Design: Following the 2015 PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), the review focuses on scholarly sources that address the governance of water infrastructures. In addition to governance settings, secondary evidence is sought regarding interruptions to water infrastructures; policy problems and solutions; and resilience and sustainability definitions.
Discussion: Findings from this review will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how the resilience and sustainability of water infrastructures may be enhanced via deeper knowledge of their governance settings. This research is directed at Tasmanian policy-makers, practitioners, industry specialists, and researchers to inform and enhance their decision-making on this important topic.
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Atkinson, Cameron, Steven Curnin, and Hannah Murphy-Gregory. "Resilient and Sustainable Water Infrastructure." Social Science Protocols 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.v5.6966.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Lifeline critical infrastructures are pivotal for the uninterrupted flow of goods and services that are crucial to the functioning of society (Singh, 2021). This review will be the second in a series of four systematic literature reviews examining the resilience and sustainability of critical lifeline infrastructures in Australia, with a focus on the state of Tasmania. The first SLR examined energy infrastructure. The recent passing of the 2021 Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill in Australia, coupled with the lack of a governing document at the state level in Tasmania, necessitates a review to uncover the governance settings, which will aide in increasing the resilience and sustainability of water infrastructures, contributing to broader critical lifeline infrastructure resilience, in Tasmania.
Methods/Design: Following the 2015 PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), the review focuses on scholarly sources that address the governance of water infrastructures. In addition to governance settings, secondary evidence is sought regarding interruptions to water infrastructures; policy problems and solutions; and resilience and sustainability definitions.
Discussion: Findings from this review will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how the resilience and sustainability of water infrastructures may be enhanced via deeper knowledge of their governance settings. This research is directed at Tasmanian policy-makers, practitioners, industry specialists, and researchers to inform and enhance their decision-making on this important topic.
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Хмара, Олександр П. "ФІНАНСОВА СКЛАДОВА МЕХАНІЗМУ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВИРОБНИЧИХ МЕРЕЖ ОБОРОННО-ПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 151, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.5.7.
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The article provides insights into financial and economic aspects of international partnerships in the defense sector. A critical review of operational practices of the largest defense companies provides evidence that subcontractor financing (in particular, in case of multi-phase contract financing or investment capital budgeting) is used only if the main contractor gains an advantage (in situations when high demand products are available only from a small, undercapitalised supplier or when a ‘critical’ product supplier faces certain financial difficulties). The findings demonstrate that working and investment capital raising practices refer more to the specifics of how companies accept payments from their customers rather than focusing on the particular military product they offer. Although the company funding needs including capital size and time investment are directly affected by the product type, the factors that drive the company needs in financing are characterised by contract duration and the specific services or products provided to customers in a package. The study suggests a well-reasoned action plan to be implemented at the government level along with specifying the areas of international cooperation to reduce the negative effects from the final severance of value chains between Ukrainian companies and the CIS defense industry. In particular, the study substantiates the need to liberalize the regulatory framework for transferring of military equipment and dual-use goods; the need to change management practices at state-owned enterprises in terms of timely disposal of inefficient assets along with asset corporatization and privatization; the need to reform the standards and technical regulation framework in the area of defense-related product design and manufacturing; the need to implement tax incentives and mandatory payments for defense industry enterprises which invest in production growth. A special emphasis is put on the role of Ukraine – NATO cooperation to modernise the national defense industry and enhance the integration of Ukrainian businesses into global production networks along with demonstrating the benefits gained from international cooperation, in particular this refers to Ukraine's access to important regulatory documents, including military doctrines, which contributes to facilitating reforms within the Armed Forces of Ukraine; approval of the package of measures which are critical to raising awareness and to support NATO partners in the Black Sea region; and finally, the recognition of Ukraine as an Enhanced Opportunities Partner in June 2020.
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Zakeel, Geering, and Akinsanmi. "Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Abnormal Vertical Growth in Commercial Macadamia Orchards in Australia." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036047.
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Abnormal vertical growth (AVG) syndrome, which has an unknown aetiology, is a serious threat to the Australian macadamia industry. AVG is characterized by vigorous upright growth and reduced flowering and nut set that results in over 70% yield loss. However, there is a deficiency in knowledge about the distribution of AVG. In this study, we used spatial analysis to provide insights into the distribution and spread of AVG in commercial macadamia orchards in Australia. Using binary data of AVG occurrence from large-scale surveys of six affected commercial orchards in Queensland (five orchards) and New South Wales (one orchard) in 2012 and 2018, spatio-temporal dynamics of AVG was evaluated. Data were subjected to point-pattern and geostatistical analyses using the R package EPIPHY. The Fisher’s index of dispersion of all orchards showed aggregated patterns of affected trees in both years, with statistical significance (p < 0.01) of chi-square test. Goodness-of-fit comparisons of incidence data of all orchards with β-binomial distributions showed that AVG incidence increased by 64% over the six-year period. AVG distribution and the β-binomial parameters exhibited strong heterogeneity, which indicates high degree of aggregation and increasing spread of AVG over time. In addition, binary power law and spatial hierarchy tests confirmed the patterns of aggregation in all orchards. These results implicate a biotic agent as the cause of AVG.
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Abou-Abed, Fares Nadim. "Algorithmic Provision of System of Optimal Distribution of Tender Projects between Executors by Types of Work in Mining Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404015.
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Today, in order to manage a mining and industrial enterprise, it is necessary to ensure the planning and management of the project activities of the company at all its stages. During the implementation of the project, at the initial phase of its life cycle, a significant impact on further success is provided by the resource and procurement management subsystem in particular. This subsystem is responsible for the material and technical support of the project, including the processes of acquiring goods, products and services from external supplier organizations: selection of suppliers and contractors and conclusion of contracts with them. In a market economy, the best solution to the problem of selecting performers is possible only in free competition. For this reason, the most commonly used form of selection of contractors for work put forward by the customer is the competitive form. This selection form is implemented in the form of contract bidding, or tender. Due to the breadth of the spread of the competitive form of selection of proposals for work on pre- announced conditions, the problem of selecting performers for a particular project from the number of applicants for the tender becomes urgent. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the work execution process and for counterparties with whom contracts are concluded based on the results of tenders. The solution of the problem of the optimal assignment of contractors applying for projects on a competitive basis significantly increases the efficiency of financing distribution, reduces the time frame for the implementation of the work package and produces a general positive economic effect, which determines the relevance of the research topic.
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Keating, Barry, and Maryann Keating. "Private firms, public entities, and microeconomic incentives." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 21, no. 2 (May 16, 2013): 176–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2011-0499.
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PurposePublic private partnerships (PPPs) centralize decision making into a hybrid type of firm, consisting of a government entity with a private firm, that is either a profit‐seeking or non‐profit entity, that initiates, constructs, maintains, or provides a service. The PPP model recognizes that both the public and the private sectors have certain comparative advantages in the performance of specific tasks. PPPs, grounded in cost/benefit analysis, have been used in Australia for decades and are presently being introduced in the USA as a form of innovate contracting. This paper aims to evaluate PPPs as a potentially transferable model for the delivery of public services. PPP firms are evaluated in terms of capital asset management, productive and allocative efficiency, transfer of risk between the public and private sectors, rights to the residual, and the public interest. A case study comparison of Fremantle Ports (Australia) and the Indiana Toll Road (USA) is employed to demonstrate PPP design and function.Design/methodology/approachA description and evaluation of public private partnerships (PPP) is presented and two original and primary case studies are reviewed.FindingsA PPP functioning as a monopoly provider of a common pool public asset approximates economic efficiency when user fees cover virtually full cost. Identifying optimal output and quality assessment is more challenging in the case of social goods in which the public goal is subsidy minimization and clients cannot assess quality. Best practices are helpful; they guarantee the PPP process, but not the outcome. All PPPs, in whatever country or industry, are vulnerable to bureaucratic expansion whenever they are given access to subsidized loans underwritten by taxpayers.Originality/valueThe two case studies in this paper are 100 percent original; they were examined in person by the authors, and the managers of the two entities were interviewed in Indiana (USA) and Fremantle, Western Australia.
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Ainiyah, Mahfudhotul, and Sonny Rustiadi. "Business Strategy Formulation to Increase Profit of Agung Artomoro Company." International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v3i1.182.
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Agung Artomoro is a service company operating since February 2012. The company was established because of the high number of migrants in Indonesia associated with the high demand for labor in the plantation industry. The company focuses on offering full package service in providing labor for plantation, providing goods for plantation labor, and providing transportation service. Since it was founded, the company continues to get a positive earning year to year, but the increase in revenue followed by an increase in the cost, and it causes profit stagnation. This research investigates what causes of the stagnation in company profit. The research question design method was used in this paper, which involves using a qualitative research interview in collecting data from 11 respondents, including internal and external parties. The external analysis results show that the pulp and paper industry is still growing, which supported by government regulation. The internal analysis results show that the company has resources and capabilities that have not been fully maximized. The conclusion of the internal and external analysis resulted in details of SWOT analysis tools and formulated into the Fishbone analysis to discover the root cause of the company's problem. This research aims to create a new business model by proposing a few strategies to increase business performance evaluation for internal development. The researcher selected two strategies obtained from Porter’s Generic Strategy, which used a vertical integration strategy, both integrating backward and integrating forward. The results of the proposed strategies are mapped into Business Model Canvas and highlight how cost leadership strategy can maximize the use of resources and capabilities to make business performance more effective and efficient and create sustainability in competitive advantages.
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Morozow, O. "ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.
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Rykovanova, Iryna. "CREATION OF WIND ENERGY FACILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE OF THE SERVICES LOGISTICS MARKET: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH." Global Prosperity 1, no. 1-2 (April 25, 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/gpj.2021-1-1-6.
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We analyzed the current state and development prospects of wind power generation in the EU and Ukraine. We detected the trends on many wind power generation impactors in the EU and the Ukrainian's interest in building wind parks. Such trends led to the market development of specialized technical aids for assuring transportation of equipment production elements of wind power units to the installation place. The obtained results gave grounds for directions on developing the logistic services market in the segment of delivery of non-standard on all characteristics of the production equipment for wind installations: weight, geometrical sizes, transportation conditions. We proposed an approach to delegate the management functions and delivery of production equipment for wind-power units to a logistics operator (logistics provider) 4pl-level with a package of services "industry logistics" and "project logistics" as an integrator of material and of accompanying flows. This approach should be helpful to optimize financial costs, time and reduce the level of risks in the implementation of a project to create wind power generation facilities. The involvement of a representative, a logistics operator in project activities, opens up prospects for the life cycle of logistics service for the supply of goods of non-standard dimensions and diversification of the activities of logistics operators in the logistics services market, including through the determination of the KPI for further cooperation in wind farms servicing.
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Egorova, V. V., and I. L. Kazantseva. "The Canned Vegetables Research in the Forensic Commodity Examination." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764//1819-2785-2019-14-4-117-124.
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The course of a forensic analysis of long-term storage food products (canned vegetables) has been reviewed. The significance of the stage of external inspection, examination of the label is shown. The expertise objects are finished products of the canning industry in factory package (vegetable marinades and first courses). The objects were examined for compliance with the appropriate GOST requirements and technical specifications for organoleptic characteristics, net weight, mass fraction of ingredients.As a result of determining the organoleptic properties of canned vegetables “Pickled beetroot” the presence of individual pieces with black firm beet tissue has been detected which indicates violation of technological patterns of production. The presence of a particle of an outside impurity has also been detected that is a particle of paint coating based on alkyd binder and containing calcium carbonate as a filler which is unacceptable. The deviation of the canned vegetables net contents from the nominal amount indicated on the label meets the requirements of the regulations. For individual cans from the sample provided for analysis the experts have found non-compliance with the technical specifications for the rate “Mass fraction of vegetables from the total mass of canned goods”.When examining the canned good “First courses. Borsch with fresh cabbage” it has been identified that the samples have various labels on the consumer containers which indicates the presence of samples from different shipments.