Academic literature on the topic 'Pack-out corrosion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pack-out corrosion"
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Suarsana, I. Ketut, I. Made Astika, and I. Gede Putu Agus Suryawan. "Efek perlakuan pack carburizing dan media korosif pada baja AISI 1045 terhadap laju korosi." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2021.v14.i02.p01.
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Corrosion is a destructive symptom that affects the properties of a metal, which means that the physical properties and quality of the metal decrease due to the electrochemical reaction between the metal and its environment so that the strength of the metal decreases. Corrosion control can be used to avoid the negative impact of corrosion, through the pack carburizing treatment method. The material used in this research is AISI 1045 steel. To determine the effect of pack carburizing on the corrosion rate of steel, the research was carried out by varying the suhue of the carburizing pack and corrosive media. In this study, the pack carburizing process with suhue variations used was 750°C, 850°C, 950°C and the corroding media used were air, fresh water and sea water. This was observed in accordance with the application of AISI 1045 material. The corrosive process through corrosive media was carried out for 720 hours. The results showed that pack carburized steel at a temperature of 950°C had a lower corrosion rate than pack carburized steel at 750°C. Also, air corrosive media provides a lower corrosion rate compared to seawater corrosion rate.
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Kianicová, Marta, and Jan Kafrik. "A Study of Hot Corrosion Behaviour of NiAl Coatings in an Aggressive Environment." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.177.
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The microstructure and corrosion behaviour was studied for a diffusionβ-NiAl and Si modifiedβ-NiAl coatings formed on the superalloy MAR-M 247. First type,β-NiAl coating was applied with the help of method “out-of-pack”. Second type, Si modifiedβ-NiAl coating was applied by method “pack-cementation”. Diffusion coatings created protective, heat-activated layer which separated superalloy from aggressive environment. Corrosive environment was created by tablets Na2SO4at 900°C. Technique of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDS) was used to characterize the corrosion products. Experiment confirmed the advantages relating to the application of diffusion coating in aggressive environment which imitated environmental condition during operation of turbine engine. This experiment was made in cooperation with company PBS Velká Bíteš a. s., Velká Bíteš, Czech Republic and The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland.
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MIN, HUANG, FU QIAN-GANG, WANG YU, and ZHONG WEN-WU. "CORROSION RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR X80 PIPELINE STEEL BY LOW-TEMPERATURE PACK ALUMINIZING AND OXIDATION TREATMENT." Surface Review and Letters 20, no. 06 (December 2013): 1350063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x13500637.
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In this paper, we discuss the formation of ceramic coatings by a combined processing of low-temperature pack aluminizing and oxidation treatment on the surface of X80 pipeline steel substrates in order to improve the corrosion resistance ability of X80 pipeline steel. First, Fe - Al coating consisting of FeAl 3 and Fe 2 Al 5 was prepared by a low-temperature pack aluminizing at 803 K which was fulfilled by adding zinc in the pack powder. Pre-treatment of X80 pipeline steel was carried out through surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Further oxidation treatment of as-aluminized sample was carried out in the CVD reactor at 833 K under oxygen containing atmosphere. After 1 h duration in these conditions, ceramic coating consisting of α- Al 2 O 3 was formed by in situ oxidation reaction of Fe - Al coating. Those coatings have been characterized by different techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), respectively. Ceramic coating shows a dense and uniform microstructure, and exhibits good coherences with X80 pipeline steel substrates. By electrochemical corrosion test, the self-corrosion current density of X80 pipeline steel with as-obtained ceramics coating in 3.5% NaCl solution shows an obvious decrease. The formation of α- Al 2 O 3 ceramic coating is considered as the main reason for the corrosion resistance improvement of X80 pipeline steel.
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Huang, Min, Yu Wang, and Xiang Hong Lv. "Aluminizing Mechanism and Corrosion Resistance of Pipeline Steel X80 by Combined Pack Cementation Process under Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.232.
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In order to improve the corrosion resistance of pipeline steel X80 and maintain its good mechanical properties simultaneously, a low-temperature pack aluminizing process was carried out at 723 K on pipeline steel X80 after a surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The phase composition, microstructure and element distribution of the as-aluminized pipeline steel X80 were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively.The results show that the as-received aluminide layer consists of Fe2Al5, which exhibits a good cohesion with SMATed pipeline steel X80 substrate with the thickness of around 90 μm. The element concentrations of Al and Fe atoms show a gradual change in the range of aluminide layer. After corrosion test processed in 3.5% NaCl solution, there is no obvious corrosion crack or uphills piled up by corrosion products on the surface of as-aluminized SMATed pipeline steel, which can conclude that pack aluminizing assisting by SMAT at low-temperature is an effective way for protecting pipeline steel X80 against corrosion.
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Basuki, Eddy, Fadhli Mohammad, Ahmad Fauzi, and Djoko Prajitno. "Hot Corrosion of Aluminide Coated Ti-Al-Cr-Nb-Zr-Y Intermetallic Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.363.
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Pack aluminide coatings were performed on a Ti-Al-Cr-Nb alloy doped with zirconium and yttrium having two phase of a2-Ti3Al and g-TiAl microstructure. The high activity TiAl3-based coating was developed from aluminizing process carried out at 850°C for 25 hours in a pack containing 20%-wt Al, 2%wt NH4Cl, and 78%wt Al2O3. During applications at high temperatures, the coating can degrade due to the interaction between the coated system and the environment exhibit high corrosion potentials. This study investigates the hot corrosion behavior of high-activity aluminide coated Zr-Y doped a2-Ti3Al/g-TiAlCrNb intermetallic alloy at 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C in a mixture of 90% Na2SO4 and 10% NaCl. The experimental results showed that the addition of Zr and Y in the alloy reduces significantly the hot corrosion rate of the coating as resulted from the interdiffusion of these elements from the alloy to the coatings and influence the behavior of the TiAl3-based coatings.
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Lin, Nai Ming, Fa Qin Xie, Tao Zhong, Xiang Qing Wu, and Wei Tian. "Corrosion Resistance of Rare Earth Modified Chromizing Coating on P110 Oil Casing Tube Steel by Pack Cementation." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1075.
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The rare earth (RE) modified chromizing coating was obtained on P110 oil casing tube steel (P110 steel) substrate by means of pack cementation technique to enhance the resistance against corrosion of P110 steel. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to research microstructure, composition distribution and phase constitution of the chromizing coating. The effect of minor addition of RE on the microstructure of chromizing was discussed. Corrosion resistance of chromizing coating was investigated and compared with that of bare P110 steel via electrochemical corrosion and immersion corrosion in simulated oilfield brine solution, respectively. The results showed that a uniform, continuous and compact coating was formed on P110 steel. The coating with RE addition was more compact than that of the coating added no RE, and a small amount of RE addition could promote the chromizing procedure notably. From SEM and EDX investigation, it had been confirmed that the coating was composed of two different layers, an out layer and an inner layer; the coating mainly contains Fe and Cr; the concentration of Cr decreased as the distance from the surface increased, yet Fe presented the inverse trend. XRD analysis indicated the coating was built up by (Cr, Fe)23C6 referring to the out layer, (Cr, Fe)7C3, Cr7C3 and α-(Cr, Fe) corresponding to the inner layer. Electrochemical corrosion consequence was obtained as follows: the self-corroding electric potential of chromizing coating was higher, and the corrosion current density was lower than that of bare P110 steel, which revealed that chromizing coating had better anti-corrosion performance; immersion corrosion results demonstrated the mass loss of chromized P110 steel was lower, and this meant that chromizing coating had a better corrosion resistance than that of bare P110 steel on the experimental condition. A compact (Cr, Fe)xCy coating can be fabricated by pack cementation technique. As a result of minor RE addition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the chromizing coating are improved obviously.
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Pechlivani, E. M., G. Stergioudis, Eleni Pavlidou, D. Tsipas, and S. Skolianos. "Evaluation of the Corrosion Behavior and Hardness of Glucose-Carburized Steel in Comparison with Fe2B Borided Layers." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.159.
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The paper aims to compare the hardness and corrosion behavior of carburized and borided Iron-Based Austenitic Steels (IBAS) which were treated at the same temperature and time under vacuum conditions. Boronizing was performed by pack cementation in Ekabor II powder and carburization was carried out by annealing under vacuum conditions using glucose as a carburizing medium. Both boronizing and carburizing procedures were performed at 900°C for 3h. The characterization of the treated materials was assessed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, optical observations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements and micro-Vickers hardness tests. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were also used to determine electrochemical characteristics such as the corrosion potential (mV), corrosion current density (μΑ/cm2) and corrosion rate (μm/year). The results showed that borided samples with a single phase layer, exclusively Fe2B strongly toothed, exhibited better hardness behavior towards carburized samples but lesser corrosion resistance instead.
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ZOU, JIAOJUAN, FAQIN XIE, NAIMING LIN, XIAOFEI YAO, WEI TIAN, and BIN TANG. "FORMATION OF CHROMIUM COATING AND COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION ON CORROSION RESISTANCE WITH 13CrSTEEL INCO2-SATURATED SIMULATED OILFIELD BRINE." Surface Review and Letters 20, no. 03n04 (August 2013): 1350041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x13500418.
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In order to enhance the surface properties of P110 oil casing tube steel and increase its usage during operation, chromium coating was fabricated by pack cementation. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the surface morphology, cross-sectional microstructure, element distribution and phase constitutions of the coating. Comparative examinations on corrosion resistance between chromium coating and 13 Cr stainless steel in CO2-saturated simulated oilfield brine were carried out via electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the obtained coating was uniform and compact, mainly consisted of CrxCyand doped with minor Cr2N . Chromizing treatment made it possible to create on the working surface of P110 steel with enhanced corrosion resistance, and the chromium coating indicated lower pitting corrosion sensitivity than that of 13 Cr stainless steel.
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Sulistiyono, Bambang, Yudy Surya Irawan, Agus Suprapto, and Rudy Soenoko. "The comparison pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas type Welding Grade and Ultra High Purity." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001839.
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The paper discusses the comparison of pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas Nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of SUS 316.
The research used a pack carburizing-nitriding method with gas type Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP). The pack carburizing process uses teak wood activated carbon and barium carbonate as a bio-photo catalyst. The specimens were put into a Sealed Steel Container containing teak wood activated carbon, with a depth of 1 cm below the activated carbon's surface. The test material is then heated until it reaches 850 °C and is held for 1 hour in a heating furnace. Furthermore, the nitriding process, the specimen is put into a tightly closed nitrogen tube, then nitrogen gas flows until the pressure reaches 41 bar and is held for 24 hours. They are using Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP) gas types. Furthermore, microVickers hardness testing, optical microscope, and Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) were carried out.
The results of the study include a. There was an increase in violence by 41.7 % for UHP and WG (17.3 %). b. The formation of nitride compounds and carbon dissipation on the specimen surface in the UHP carburizing-nitriding pack treatment is more than WG. The formation of a nitride layer is indicated by its fine and dense morphology and film bonding to the substrate. The chemical composition affects the diffusivity of nitrogen atoms in modifying the surface layer of the substrate. The higher the nitride compound formed, the smoother the substrate surface. Also, with UHP treatment, the lower the elemental content of Cr makes SUS 316 more resistant to corrosion. So that SUS 316 UHP can be recommended for use as an implant material
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Li, Shu Suo, Chun Xiao Zhang, Yong Wang Kang, and Ya Fang Han. "NiCr-CrAl Coating for Ni3Al Base Alloy IC6AE." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1467.
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The effect of NiCr-CrAl coating on the microstructure, oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical properties of Ni3Al base alloy IC6AE has been studied in the present investigation. NiCr-CrAl coating for alloy IC6AE was prepared by the powder pack cementation method. The oxidation resistance tests were carried out under the condition of 1050°C/100h, while the hot corrosion resistance tests were under 900°C/100h. The tensile tests at the room temperature and the stress rupture life tests under 1050°C/90Mpa have been also conducted. The experimental results showed that NiCr-CrAl as-coated specimens had excellent oxidation and hot corrosion resistance compared with the alloy IC6AE blank specimens, and NiCr-CrAl coating has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties of alloy IC6AE. It may be concluded that NiCr-CrAl coating is suitable for the alloy IC6AE.
Book chapters on the topic "Pack-out corrosion"
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Bahadur, Aruna. "Steel: Aluminum Coatings." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000391.
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Aluminum coated steel possesses excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance in sulfur and marine: environments and can substitute for expensive alloy of steels. Hot dip aluminizing (HDA) and pack cementation calorizing (CAL) are dealt with in detail. IN HDA coats, some alloying action takes place, when the substrate is dipped in molten Al at 973 K for 1–2 minutes. The coat consists of an outer pure Al layer, followed by a hard intermetallic layer consisting of FeAl3 and Fe2Al5, forming a serrated interface with the base. Isothermal holding of such samples at 773–933 K for 10 minutes leads to further diffusion and phase changes. This improves resistance to thermal shock and bending. In CAL coats, the process parameters (1173–1223 K/2–4 h and pack composition), were optimized, resulting in appreciable alloying. The surface layer consists of Fe3Al and FeAl, which is comparable to the inner alloy layer of HDA coats. The structure/ property correlation is carried out for both coatings and the results compared.
Conference papers on the topic "Pack-out corrosion"
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Thoma, Martin, Andrea Scrivani, Carlo Giolli, and Andrea Giorgetti. "Aluminizing Turbine Parts: Processes and Coatings." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46843.
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Hot section gas turbine parts need protection against oxidation and hot corrosion. The essential element is Al to build the protective Al2O3. Al can be applied on the gas path surfaces by overlay techniques or by diffusion of Al into the base material — the “aluminizing”. Aluminizing can be done by slurry, pack cementation, out of pack, or by “pure” CVD. Additional elements can be added to the aluminide. The different techniques are discussed under the aspects of advantage/disadvantage, limits and possible coating structures.
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Herzallah, Osama, Mariam Alsulaimani, Ammar Al Omari, Abdulaziz Almarzouqi, and Nouf Braik. "FRP Materials in Oil and Gas Industry: New Challenge Highlighted." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211132-ms.
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Abstract Lately, the oil and gas industry has been always exploring and examining new materials that has superior properties that work efficiently under severe conditions. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) is one of those materials that exhibit good corrosion resistance and possess powerful properties. However, FRP may encounter some substantial challenges through certain applications. This paper will highlight the failure of a unique FRP-made internal component in a condensate tank as part of a steam generation process. Some oil traces were reported in certain equipment downstream of a condensate return tank in a steam generation plant. The tank was taken out of service and inspected internally. The Corrugated Plates Interceptor (CPI) pack, one of the tank's essential internals that is made of an FRP material, was found to be covered with a dark sludge layer, partially distorted and becoming very crunchy. A root cause analysis was conducted to list all the possible sources of the CPI pack failure. All the equipment documents were reviewed and the properties of the FRP material of the CPI pack was studied. The CPI pack in the condensate return tank was made from a cast Laminate Isophthalic Resin, which is an FRP material that is selected due to its chemical and mechanical properties. This CPI pack was found to be covered with dark sludge deposits. Some of the corrugated plates were either compressed or crumbled and the pack was distorted with a considerable angle from its original position. The review of the tank operating conditions showed that the temperature of the influent entering the tank was ranging from 70 – 95 °C. Simultaneously, after studying the FRP properties, it was noted that the maximum allowed heat distortion temperature of the CPI pack material is 100 °C, which is only 5 °C higher than the highest temperature of the inlet fluid. This marginal difference was found to be not enough for the FRP to withstand such service. Hence, the FRP material of the CPI pack was found to be inadequate for very high temperatures and shall be replaced with a more heat-resistant material. Moreover, the sludge layer on the CPI pack was attributed to the insufficient cleaning of the sludge inside the tank. This research sheds light on one of the challenges of using FRP materials in high temperature applications. This may grab the attention on a weakness of FRP materials that may need to be furtherly considered and improved in the future. In the case analyzed in this paper, it was recommended to use a CRA material with high heat resistance rather than an FRP material.
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Tada, Naoya, Kentaro Kishimoto, Takeshi Uemori, and Junji Sakamoto. "Microscopic Deformation of Thin Sheet of Polycrystalline Pure Titanium Under Tension." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21715.
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Abstract Commercial pure titanium has been widely used in aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries for its lightweight, high corrosion resistance, high strength, high heat resistance and good biocompatible properties. The market of pure titanium thin sheets is expected to increase in medical, dental, civil engineering, and acoustical engineering fields. On the other hand, pure titanium takes hexagonal closed-pack structure with anisotropic elasticity and plasticity. Inhomogeneous microscopic deformation always occurs by mechanical loading from the elastic condition. The inhomogeneity brings about various damages such as localized plastic deformation, microcracking, necking, and so on. Since the inhomogeneity is significant in thin sheets, it is important to investigate its deformation behavior. In this study, a tensile test was carried out using a thin sheet specimen of polycrystalline pure titanium, and the microscopic deformation of grains was measured by the digital holographic microscope. During the test, the height distribution of grains was measured in a fixed area on the front and back surfaces of the specimen at each tensile load step and the results at different load steps were compared. It was found from the measurement results that inhomogeneous deformation began at the small load due to anisotropic elasticity of crystal grains and expanded with the load by their anisotropic plasticity. Grain heights at grain center and those along grain boundaries were related with each other, and the grain heights on the front surface were inversely correlated with those on the back surface.
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Chang, Frank F., Paul D. Berger, and Christie H. Lee. "In-Situ Formation of Proppant and Highly Permeable Blocks for Hydraulic Fracturing." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173328-ms.
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Abstract Proppants are used to keep hydraulic fractures open, allowing for reservoir fluids to flow back after external pressure is withdrawn. Proppants are carried by the hydraulic fracturing fluid containing multiple components such as polymers, breakers, or friction reducing agent. These proppant systems have certain disadvantages such as formation and fracture permeability damage due to the viscous gel residue, risk of early screen-out and reduced effective propped area due to proppant excessive leakoff or settling, and abrasion to the pumping equipment and tubular. Acid fracturing is another fracturing technique. It is used in carbonate reservoirs, in which the acid etches the fracture faces to create conductive path. The drawbacks of acid fracturing include short acid etch length due to rapid acid-carbonate rock reaction rate and corrosion to the tubular. The oil and gas industry has been relying on these hydraulic fracturing techniques to proliferate production from low permeability reservoirs, and has made significantly advancement in tools and chemicals used in the fracturing processes. However, the maximized production and recovery is still unattainable due to the reasons mentioned above. This paper discusses a novel chemical compositions and process to overcome the challenges encountered by the current fracturing techniques. The goal is to convert injected fracturing fluid into a highly permeable proppant pack in-situ. Since the fracturing fluid itself forms the proppant, it can penetrate the entire fracture length, height, and complex network, maximizing the effective fracture area and stimulated reservoir volume. The rendered particle size can be significantly larger than conventional proppants without the concern of screen-out. The in-situ formed proppants have strength sufficient to resist fracture closure stress. In addition, no polymer is required to suspend the proppant; therefore no gel residue will be left to damage fracture conductivity. Though it is in its preliminary development stage, interesting and encouraging test results have been obtained. Formulations, photos, and mechanical properties of in-situ generated proppants will be presented in this paper.
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Tada, Naoya, and Yuki Doi. "Elastic and Plastic Microscopic Deformation of Polycrystalline Pure Titanium Under Tension." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63268.
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Commercial pure titanium has been widely used in aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries for its lightweight, high corrosion resistance, high strength, high heat resistance and good biocompatible properties. Pure titanium takes hexagonal closed-pack structure with anisotropic elasticity and plasticity, and most of the components are polycrystalline aggregate with different crystal orientations. Therefore, inhomogeneous microscopic deformation always occurs by mechanical loading from the elastic condition and the inhomogeneity brings about various damages such as inhomogeneous plastic deformation, microcracking, necking, and so on. It is therefore important to investigate microscopic inhomogeneous deformation under elastic and plastic conditions. However only a few researches deal with the microscopic inhomogeneity because it is not easy to measure a small deformation of crystal grains under elastic condition or very small load. Recently, digital holographic microscope has been developed and a high-speed measurement of surface height of materials became possible with an accuracy of less than a micron meter in a relatively wide area. In this study, a tensile test of a plate specimen of commercial pure titanium was carried out on the stage of digital holographic microscope, and the microscopic deformation of grains was observed and measured under elastic and plastic conditions. During the test, the distribution of height of grains was measured in a fixed area on the specimen surface at each tensile loading step and the height distributions at different loads were correlated. It was found from the measurement results that each grain shows different deformation even under elastic condition with a small load, and the inhomogeneous deformation expanded with increasing the load to plastic condition. Also, a strong correlation was found in the height distributions under elastic and plastic conditions. This fact suggests that the microscopic deformation under plastic condition is predictable from that under elastic condition.
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Botros, Kamal K., Nic Chan, John Geerligs, Keith Leong, Brendan Hickey, and Ivan Gong. "Experimental Investigation Into Bulk Performance of Three Different Style Inline Separators on Natural Gas at High Pressure, Different Liquid Loadings and Gas Flows." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86834.
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Abstract Inline vertical separators are commonly employed on natural gas transmission facilities (e.g., receipt stations) to primarily filter out liquid contaminants such as compressor oil, glycol, free water, etc. However, these contaminants have been found invariably in the piping system downstream of these separators, indicating the separators are not performing as required. The potential consequences of not removing such contaminants includes lower gas quality, impaired gas metering accuracy, corrosion and damage to equipment/instrumentation and adverse impact on industrial or residential end users. Historically, separators’ performance claims and guarantees in terms of efficiency of liquid removal are often of the order 98–99% of liquid droplet sizes ≥ 8μm. However, there is a lack of ability to verify these claims due to difficulties in quantifying liquid injection rates and droplet characteristics vs. liquid collected while in operation. Extensive testing was undertaken at TC Energy’s Gas Dynamic Test Facility in Didsbury, Canada on three different separators from different manufacturers, two are mesh vane type (MV-1 and MV-2), and the third is dual cyclonic type (DC). The tests were conducted in the range of 4–5 MPa and flow velocity in the range of 1.3–13 m/s in the DN150 inlet nozzle to the separator, i.e., at 10:1 turn down ratio. The injected liquid was industrial compressor oil, typically used in the gas transmission industry, and was injected at a loading in the range of 0. 06–1.8%. Four different spray nozzles were used to atomize the injected oil to a range of particle size distributions (PSD), characterized by median diameter size, D50, in the range of 50–90 μm. Test results revealed that the performance of these separators varied between 90–99.8% independent of liquid loading. The effective Souders-Brown K factor also varied between 0.15–0.27 m/s. Tests were also conducted following a batch of solid injection to determine the effects on liquid separation efficiency on MV-2 separator. It was found that the separation efficiency decreased by approximately 9% following a 7.075 kg batch of solid injection, likely due to the accumulation of solids in the vane-pack.