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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pack cementation process

Academic literature on the topic 'Pack cementation process'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pack cementation process"

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Khammas, Abbas, and Haider Hashim Abbas. "Effect of Nano-coating on Molten Salts for Turbine Blades." Iraqi Journal of Nanotechnology, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47758/ijn.vi1.31.

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The purpose of this study is to optimize hot corroded pack coated Ni-based superalloy K417G using grey relational analysis. Optimization of the pack cementation parameters was performed using quality characteristics of diffusion coatings for pack cementation process, i.e., salt activator, Nano-powders master alloy powder, and wt.% Y2O3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for observing the most influencing pack cementation parameters on the quality characteristics, i.e., Na2So4-6% wt. V2O5 (kp1), 100 wt% NaSO4 (kp2), and 75 wt. % NaSO4-25 wt % NaCl (kp3). The optimal process parameters were calculated using a grey relation grade and a confirmation test was performed. Based on the analysis of variance results, the wt.% Y2O3 is the most significant controllable diffusion coating factor for the hot corroded pack coated K417G at optimum setting conditions (A2, B3, C3) i.e., activator (NaCl), master alloy (94Cr-6Al), and wt.%Y2O3 (4%). according to the quality characteristics. Grey relational analysis was successfully applied to the optimization of hot corroded pack coated K417G using multi-performance characteristics.

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Xiang, Z. D., and P. K. Datta. "Low temperature aluminisation of alloy steels by pack cementation process." Materials Science and Technology 22, no. 10 (October 2006): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328406x118366.

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Tarani, E., D. Chaliampalias, E. Pavlidou, K. Chrissafis, and G. Vourlias. "Thermal oxidation kinetics of CrSi2 powder synthesized by pack cementation process." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 125, no. 1 (April 12, 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5427-5.

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Do, Dung Thi Mai, Katsumi Uemura, and Makoto Nanko. "Fabrication Process for Nanorod Array Structure by Using Aluminization and Internal Oxidation of Nickel." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.521.

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An aluminization process with controlled Al activity to form surface Ni(Al) zone was applied to fabricate ceramic nanorod array structures by using internal oxidation. The pack cementation with NaCl, Ni3Al and Al2O3 was adapted as the aluminization process to form surface Ni(Al) zone. With increasing Ni3Al concentration in pack powder mixture, Al content of surface Ni(Al) zone was increased. Nanorod array structures can be successfully obtained on Ni components with designed shape.

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Hussein, Abbas Khammas. "Parametric optimization of wt.% Y2O3 modified chromium-aluminide coatings using utility concept-based Taguchi approach." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 13, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2017-0020.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain a single setting (optimal setting) of various input parameters of pack cementation process, i.e. halide salt activator, powder of master alloy and wt% of Y2O3 to obtain a single output characteristic as a whole namely resistance of hot corrosion for T91 steel. Design/methodology/approach The multi-criterion methodology based on Taguchi approach and utility concept has been used for optimization of the multiple performance characteristics namely hot corrosion rate KP1, KP2 and KP3 for pack cementation coated T91 steel in chlorine and vanadium environment. Findings All the three pack cementation parameters, namely, halide salt activator, powder of master alloy and wt% of Y2O3 had a significant effect on the utility function based on analysis of variance for multiple performances. The percentage contribution of halide activator (1.54 percent), master alloy powder (4.66 percent) and wt% Y2O3 (93.79 percent). The results indicated the beneficial influence of yttrium on the chemical stability of the protective layer in presence of chlorine and vanadium environments. The optimal parameter settings obtained in this study is A2B2C1, i.e. halide salt activator (NaCl), powder of master alloy (92Cr-8Al) and 1wt% of Y2O3. Research limitations/implications The outcome of this study shall be useful to explore the possible use of the developed coating for high temperature components. Unfortunately, the pack cementation was normally limited by the diffusion and reaction kinetics involved, which has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of work pieces. Therefore, reducing pack cementation temperature is required for widespread application of the pack coatings. Social implications Pack coating at optimum conditions can be used for surface coating technologies to economically improve high temperature oxidation, corrosion resistance of components. Originality/value The multi-criterion methodology based on Taguchi approach and utility concept has been used for first time for parametric optimization of wt% Y2O3 modified chromium- aluminide coatings for T91 steel.

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Michos, N., D. Chaliampalias, G. Vourlias, N. Pistofidis, and F. Stergioudis. "The Influence of Aluminium Addition on the Microstructure of Zinc Pack Coatings." Solid State Phenomena 130 (December 2007): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.130.193.

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This work aims to investigate the feasibility of Zn-Al deposition on low alloy steels at temperatures from 400 up to 440oC by pack cementation process aiming to increase their corrosion resistance. A series of experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of pack powder composition and the deposition temperature of the process. It was observed that the parameters of zinc content and temperature affect only the coating deposition speed, but not the phase composition of the as produced coating. Al forms an overlying layer that seals the zinc coating. In any case, the deposition of successive layers of Zn and Al is feasible with pack cementation. The corrosion performance of Zn-Al coatings formed with alternative methods is already studied and proved to be resistant in harsh environments. So the herein studied coatings are expected to be corrosion resistant. Furthermore as Al is much more resistive than Zn, these coatings are more effective than pure Zn ones.

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Khalil, A. S. "Diffusion Coating for Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy by the Pack Cementation Process." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 1896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613011471.

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Lu, X. J., and Z. D. Xiang. "Formation of chromium nitride coatings on carbon steels by pack cementation process." Surface and Coatings Technology 309 (January 2017): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.047.

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XIAO, Lai-rong, Zhi-gang CAI, Dan-qing YI, Lei YING, Hui-qun LIU, and Dao-yuan HUANG. "Morphology, structure and formation mechanism of silicide coating by pack cementation process." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16 (June 2006): s239—s244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60182-9.

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Paccaud, O., and A. Derré. "Silicon Carbide Coating for Carbon Materials Produced by a Pack-Cementation Process." Le Journal de Physique IV 05, no. C5 (June 1995): C5–135—C5–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1995514.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pack cementation process"

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Priest, Matthew. "Synthesis of reactive element-modified aluminide coatings on single-crystal Ni-based superalloys by a pack cementation process a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=26&did=1760523421&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1254926883&clientId=28564.

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Xu, Nan Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Corrosion behaviour of aluminised steel and conventional alloys in simulated aluminium smelting cell environments." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science & Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18760.

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Aluminium smelting is a high temperature electrometallurgical process, which suffers considerable inefficiencies in power utilization and equipment maintenance. Aluminium smelting cell works in the extreme environments that contain extraordinarily aggressive gases, such as HF, CO and SO2. Mild steel used as a structural material in the aluminium industry, can be catastrophically corroded or oxidized in these conditions. This project was mainly concerned with extending the lifetime of metal structures installed immediately above the aluminium smelting cells. An aluminium-rich coating was developed on low carbon steel A06 using pack cementation technique. Yttria (Y2O3) was also used to improve the corrosion resistance of coating. Kinetics of the coating formation were studied. XRD, FESEM and FIB were employed to investigate the phase constitution and the surface morphology. Together with other potentially competitive materials, aluminium-rich coating was evaluated in simulated plant environments. Results from the long time (up to 2500h) isothermal oxidation of materials at high temperature (800??C) in air showed that the oxidation resistance of coated A06 is close to that of stainless steel 304 and even better than SS304 in cyclic oxidation tests. Coated A06 was also found to have the best sulfidation resistance among the materials tested in the gas mixture contains SO2 at 800??C. Related kinetics and mechanisms were also studied. The superior corrosion resistance of the coated A06 is attributed to the slow growing alpha-Al2O3 formed. Low temperature corrosion tests were undertaken in the gas mixtures containing air, H2O, HCl and SO2 at 400??C. Together with SS304 and 253MA, coated A06 showed excellent corrosion resistance in all the conditions. The ranking of the top three materials for corrosion resistance is: 253MA, coated A06 and SS304. It is believed that aluminised A06 is an ideal and economical replacement material in the severe corrosive aluminium smelting cell environment.

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Liu, Jia Jie, and 劉佳杰. "On high temperature coatings of SUS310 stainless steels by pack cementation process." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84996987959898558575.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pack cementation process"

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Bahadur, Aruna. "Steel: Aluminum Coatings." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000391.

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Aluminum coated steel possesses excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance in sulfur and marine: environments and can substitute for expensive alloy of steels. Hot dip aluminizing (HDA) and pack cementation calorizing (CAL) are dealt with in detail. IN HDA coats, some alloying action takes place, when the substrate is dipped in molten Al at 973 K for 1–2 minutes. The coat consists of an outer pure Al layer, followed by a hard intermetallic layer consisting of FeAl3 and Fe2Al5, forming a serrated interface with the base. Isothermal holding of such samples at 773–933 K for 10 minutes leads to further diffusion and phase changes. This improves resistance to thermal shock and bending. In CAL coats, the process parameters (1173–1223 K/2–4 h and pack composition), were optimized, resulting in appreciable alloying. The surface layer consists of Fe3Al and FeAl, which is comparable to the inner alloy layer of HDA coats. The structure/ property correlation is carried out for both coatings and the results compared.

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"Pack Cementation Processes." In Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes, 707–8. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005775.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pack cementation process"

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Stathokostopoulos, D., D. Chaliampalias, E. Pavlidou, E. Hatzikraniotis, G. Stergioudis, K. M. Paraskevopoulos, and G. Vourlias. "Formation of Mg2Si thick films on Si substrates using pack cementation process." In 9TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS: ECT2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4731532.

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Strakov, Hristo, Vasileios Papageorgiou, Renato Bonetti, Val Lieberman, and Audie Scott. "Advanced Chemical Vapor Aluminizing Technology: Co-Deposition Process and Doped Aluminized Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-70135.

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Chemical Vapor Aluminizing (CVA) is used for more than 20 years to protect blades and vanes in the hot section of aero- and land based turbines against oxidation and hot corrosion [1]. Modern CVA is an advanced process capable of controlled alloying the coating with additional elements using metal chlorides and tight control of the coating composition. CVA processes offer a number of advantages over conventional pack and above-the-pack cementation. This paper deals with the industrial CVA technology to produce multi-component coatings using different metal chloride generating devices. Specific examples illustrate the influence of the coating parameters and base materials on the NiAl-based coatings microstructure and composition. Advanced co-deposition CVA processes with addition of different metal elements to the aluminide coatings are presented. Modified coating properties and structures of multiple metal coatings with elements like Al, Cr, Si, Co, Y and others will be discussed.

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Zhao, Hongsheng, Ping Zhou, Ziqiang Li, Xiaoxue Liu, Kaihong Zhang, Taowei Wang, Bin Wu, and Bing Liu. "Effect of Al2O3 and SiC Content in Pack Cementation Powders on the Microstructure of SiC Coatings on HTR Graphite Spheres." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81174.

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To improve the anti-oxidation ability of graphite, Al2O3 and SiC as additives, a uniform SiC coating was prepared on the surface of HTR graphite spheres by the pack cementation and sintering process. The microstructure of SiC coating was characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of Si/C ratio, Al2O3 and SiC content in the starting powder, sintering process conditions on the microstructure of SiC coating was also analyzed. The results show that the SiC coating on the surface of spherical graphite sample can be obtained with Si/C ratio higher than 3: 1, and the SiC coatings with different raw materials possess different microstructure and phase constitutes. The SiC coating is a kind of clear porous microstructure, while the main composition of the coating is β-SiC with some α-SiC and unreacted graphite. It is found that the content of Al2O3 has a significant influence on the penetration into the SiC coating, while the SiC content has a great influence on the microstructure between SiC coating and the substrate. When Al2O3 content is 10%, the bonding between the SiC coating and the substrate is better. When SiC content is 20%, the SiC coatings obtained have good densification and less lamellar accumulation of on the surface of the coatings. The SiC coatings sintered in Ar gas at 1750 °C have larger thickness and porous porosity microstructure, and the maximum thickness, about 400 ∼ 600 μm, can be achieved with the 2h of sintering time. The obtained SiC coatings sintered in vacuum at 1750 °C have a plate-like dense microstructure, in which the main composition of the coating is free Si, α-SiC and β-SiC, and the transitional area between SiC coating and the substrate is not obvious.

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Morrow, Justin D., Qinghua Wang, Neil A. Duffie, and Frank E. Pfefferkorn. "A Hybrid Surface Processing Method Using Surface Alloying and Pulsed Laser Micro Melting on S7 Tool Steel." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9446.

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A hybrid surface treatment method is presented on S7 tool steel by alloying the surface layer with boron and following with pulsed laser micro polishing (PLuP). The objective of the hybrid approach is twofold: First, surface alloying changes the properties of the surface layer that are relevant to the PLuP process (e.g. liquid metal density, viscosity, and surface tension). This allows more control over the laser polishing phenomena for better smoothing. Second, surface alloying and laser melting/quenching is proposed as a novel method of creating amorphous surface coatings. In this work, boron was introduced into the surface of an S7 tool steel sample using pack cementation. This sample was then ground on a bias to create a flat surface with a gradient in chemical composition and this surface was laser melted. The effect of this variation in alloy chemistry on the surface features created by pulsed laser melting is presented.

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Warnes, Bruce Michael. "Improved Pt Aluminide Coatings Using CVD and Novel Platinum Electroplating." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-391.

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an old coating technology, but it was not successfully utilized to aluminize gas turbine hardware until recently (1989). In CVD aluminizing, the use of multiple, independently controlled, low temperature, external, metal halide generators combined with computer control of all process variables gives flexibility and consistent quality that is not possible with any other aluminizing process. It has been shown that harmful coating impurities (such as sulfur and boron etc.) can be transported to a coating from a high temperature aluminum source in the coating chamber during aluminizing. Representative processes include: pack cementation, above the pack, SNECMA, and high activity CVD. In contrast, it has also been demonstrated that CVD low activity aluminizing removes harmful impurities (S, P, B & W etc.) from the coating during deposition. Furthermore, clean, low activity coatings (simple aluminide MDC-210 or platinum modified MDC-150L) have been shown to exhibit superior oxidation resistance compared to similar coatings made by other aluminizing processes. A second significant source of impurities in platinum modified aluminide diffusion coatings is electroplating, that is, plating bath components (S, P, CI, K, Ca etc.) are codeposited with the platinum, and these impurities can have either a beneficial (K&Ca) or a detrimental (S,P&Cl) influence upon the oxidation resistance of the product coating. The results of investigations on the transport of impurities during aluminizing and electroplating, plus the influence of these impurities on oxidation resistance of the product coatings will be presented and discussed.

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Mutasim, Zaher, and William Brentnall. "Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Pack Cementation and Chemical Vapor Deposition Platinum Aluminide Coatings." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-436.

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Metallurgical evaluation of platinum aluminide coatings applied to industrial gas turbine components, for oxidation and high temperature hot corrosion protection, were conducted. Coatings were processed by electroplating a thin layer of platinum followed by aluminizing using either the pack cementation or the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Laboratory and field data on the performance of these coatings are presented. Results from these tests showed that both aluminizing processes produced coatings that provided adequate environmental protection. However, the CVD coating experienced less coating growth during engine service and was therefore determined to be thermally more stable than the pack cementation coating in this application.

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Reports on the topic "Pack cementation process"

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Geib, F. D., and R. A. Rapp. Simultaneous chromizing-aluminizing coating of low alloy steels by a halide-activated pack cementation process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6828925.

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Geib, F. D., and R. A. Rapp. Simultaneous chromizing-aluminizing coating of low alloy steels by a halide-activated pack cementation process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117020.

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