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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pacifist attitudes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Bouchat, Pierre. "From the Trenches to Europe: Do Memories of the Great War Shape Contemporary Pacifist Attitudes?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/252482/3/TOC.pdf.

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Le présent travail se propose d’investiguer dans une perspective psychosociale, les relations entre l’événement historique majeur qu’a constitué la Première Guerre mondiale et les attitudes pacifistes actuelles des jeunes Européens. Celui-ci s’élabore en deux parties adoptant chacune une perspective théorique, méthodologique et contextuelle particulière. La première s’ancre dans le champ théorique des représentations sociales et s’attache, à travers une enquête menée dans vingt-deux pays d’Europe, à mettre en évidence les liens existant entre indicateurs objectifs de victimisation durant la guerre, représentations du conflit et attitudes pacifistes actuelles. Dans la seconde partie, une attention particulière est portée aux effets des commémorations du centenaire du conflit, sur les attitudes pacifistes des jeunes Belges. Un ensemble d’études menées sur la visite d’expositions et le visionnage de films documentaires, met en évidence les effets paradoxaux de la participation aux activités commémoratives. Ces dernières, considérées comme pourvoyeuses de récits, amènent dans un certain nombre de cas à une diminution du niveau d’attitudes pacifistes des participants. A la fin de ces deux parties, deux constats semblent s’imposer. Ces constats sont ceux de la nécessaire prise en compte du temps long dans l’étude des attitudes et de la valeur ajoutée que constitue pour la psychologie de la mémoire, l’adoption d’une perspective interdisciplinaire où l’histoire joue un rôle de premier plan.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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2

Pattison, Raymond Edward, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Social Inquiry. "Ethics, human rights, killing, refugees and war : a transdisciplinary inquiry into the morality and human cost of contemporary warfare, with particular emphasis on prevention." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Pattison_R.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/736.

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This study is a transdisciplinary inquiry into the reasons for waging war, for fighting, and for repudiating war as an instrument of foreign policy. In Part I, its essential premise is that there are many ways for analysing the ethics and morality of war, and that to develop a comprehensive understanding of this subject one must be willing to engage with a broad range of alternate views. Though moralists usually argue about the rights and wrongs of conduct from within a given set of ethical ideas, the author's aim has been to move beyond the accepted boundaries of current philosophical argument.Questions raised include: To what extent is it morally right to adopt non-violent, pacifist or abolitionist attitudes?; How should the morality of domestic and ethnic wars be considered?; What are the human costs of war? Case studies such as the Vietnam War, the Falklands War, the Gulf War, Bosnia and Rwanda are used. In Part II, three inescapable observations add to the foundation of the thesis.First, war is not inevitable. Second, the need to prevent war is increasingly urgent.Third, preventing war is possible.Examples from 'hot' spots around the world illustrate that the potential for domestic war can be diffused through the early, skillful and integrated application of political, diplomatic, economic and military measures
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Social Ecology)
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3

Pattison, Raymond Edward. "Ethics, human rights, killing, refugees and war : a transdisciplinary inquiry into the morality and human cost of contemporary warfare, with particular emphasis on prevention." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : University of Western Sydney, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/736.

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This study is a transdisciplinary inquiry into the reasons for waging war, for fighting, and for repudiating war as an instrument of foreign policy. In Part I, its essential premise is that there are many ways for analysing the ethics and morality of war, and that to develop a comprehensive understanding of this subject one must be willing to engage with a broad range of alternate views. Though moralists usually argue about the rights and wrongs of conduct from within a given set of ethical ideas, the author's aim has been to move beyond the accepted boundaries of current philosophical argument.Questions raised include: To what extent is it morally right to adopt non-violent, pacifist or abolitionist attitudes?; How should the morality of domestic and ethnic wars be considered?; What are the human costs of war? Case studies such as the Vietnam War, the Falklands War, the Gulf War, Bosnia and Rwanda are used. In Part II, three inescapable observations add to the foundation of the thesis.First, war is not inevitable. Second, the need to prevent war is increasingly urgent.Third, preventing war is possible.Examples from 'hot' spots around the world illustrate that the potential for domestic war can be diffused through the early, skillful and integrated application of political, diplomatic, economic and military measures
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4

Sims, Carla J. "Attitude and the junior high ensemble : partial fullfillment of requirements for Master of Arts in teaching." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/508.

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Attitude is a very subjective quality, but has a great deal of influence on a classroom teaching and learning situation. This is especially true of a performance oriented class even when the main objective is not performance for performance sake. Attitudes can be affected by many variables but the one to be considered in this project is whether an effective grading system has positive affects on the students' attitudes. This study was implemented with a Junior High Band made students had played for at least one year or more. Due to ! up of both boys and girls, grades six through eight. These their attitude problem when I first arrived, I tried to deduce what seemed to be the problem. My purpose was to try various grading systems that would hold the students accountable for their actions as well as trying to improve their low self-esteem which in turn seemed to affect their attitude. The grading system was established at the beginning of school. Each quarter thereafter it was changed slightly in response to the students' attitudes. The majority of the students felt little or no consequence in relation to grades at the beginning of the school year, but as the grading system changed, performance quality and musical knowledge elevated, as did their self-esteem and their attitudes. Due to the research done with these students and comparing it to related research, I feel that we can safely say that attitudes are affected by many different variables, and, more importantly, they are all interrelated.
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5

Liegel, Roy 1940. "Paradigms of experiencing the new in Pacific voyages and explorations." Monash University, German Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9156.

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6

Lillis, David A. "Ethnic minority science students in New Zealand : attitudes and learning environments." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/949.

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This thesis describes a study of the attitudes towards science and learning environments among junior secondary school science students in New Zealand, focussing particularly on Maori and Pacific Island students. The rationale for the research was that ethnic minority group students often experience difficulties in adapting to modern science education. The study was restricted to forms three, four and five of the New Zealand education system in order to focus attention primarily on the development of recommendations for enhancement of science education outcomes which relate to the early years of science education.The study aimed to investigate student attitudes towards science and their perceptions of their learning environments by using questionnaire surveys and interviews in order to produce complementary information about students' attitudes and perceptions. The study produced some unexpected findings. For example, Maori and Pacific Island students displayed more positive attitudes towards science than others, and female students displayed more positive attitudes than males. These findings contradict those of many previous studies.The findings of the study are used to provide input to the development of recommendations for the enhancement of educational outcomes for all students, but especially for ethnic minority students in science.
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7

Braginsky, Nafanua. "The Psychosocial and Cultural Values related to Dietary and Physical Activity Practice of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with Diabetes in Hawaii." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22045.

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Purpose: To explore psychosocial and cultural values related to dietary and physical activity practices of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) with type 2 diabetes in Hawai'i. Methods: Content analysis of data previously collected from the experimental study, "The Study of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions in Diabetes Self-Management," was completed. Focus groups were conducted with a total of 15 men and women of AAPI descent, ages 18 -75 years with type 2 diabetes. Focus group discussions were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed for emergent categories and themes using the social ecological framework. In addition, NVivo 8 computer software was utilized for organization and management of data. Findings: Psychosocial themes related to dietary practices included depression, denial, happiness, self-control, and awareness of complications. Cultural values related to eating, such as family upbringing, social events, food variety, large food portions, and reciprocity were identified. Participants with underlying medical conditions posed as physiological limitations to physical activity. Psychosocial and cultural values that influenced physical activity were motivation, family values and gender. Conclusion: Results of this study support the value of employing the social ecological framework when attempting to understand the health behavior of these minority populations. The contextual experiences of the participants in their families, environment, and the local culture in Hawaii greatly affected their dietary and physical activity behaviors. From the social ecological perspective, an important recommendation from results of this study is for future support programs to address individual needs in the context of family. Interventions should also focus on the environmental values that influence variety and portions of food; and provide culturally sensitive support for the psychosocial issues that potentially become barriers. Education programs related to support for diabetes should be tailored for the AAPI populations. Empowerment with knowledge and support would allow individuals and their families to take ownership of their health care and thereby equipping them with tools to develop nutritionally and physically sound health habits to control diabetes. Positive health outcomes are, after all, the ultimate goal of diabetes self management.
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Lillis, David A. "Ethnic minority science students in New Zealand : attitudes and learning environments." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9832.

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This thesis describes a study of the attitudes towards science and learning environments among junior secondary school science students in New Zealand, focussing particularly on Maori and Pacific Island students. The rationale for the research was that ethnic minority group students often experience difficulties in adapting to modern science education. The study was restricted to forms three, four and five of the New Zealand education system in order to focus attention primarily on the development of recommendations for enhancement of science education outcomes which relate to the early years of science education.The study aimed to investigate student attitudes towards science and their perceptions of their learning environments by using questionnaire surveys and interviews in order to produce complementary information about students' attitudes and perceptions. The study produced some unexpected findings. For example, Maori and Pacific Island students displayed more positive attitudes towards science than others, and female students displayed more positive attitudes than males. These findings contradict those of many previous studies.The findings of the study are used to provide input to the development of recommendations for the enhancement of educational outcomes for all students, but especially for ethnic minority students in science.
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9

Kono, Nariyo. "American Students' Expectations of Teachers in the Japanese Language Classroom." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5261.

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The Japanese as a foreign language classroom in the United States is full of information about the target culture and cross-cultural interaction between American students and Japanese instructors. This cross-cultural interaction promotes culture learning but sometimes produces potential conflicts due to American students and Japanese instructors having different expectations of each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate student expectations of their Japanese teachers and to explore similarities and differences among Japanese and American expectations. The research questions addressed were 1) What do American students expect of their Japanese teachers in the Japanese language classroom? Do their expectations have any distinctive features?, and 2) What do Japanese teachers expect of themselves in the Japanese language classroom? Do their expectations have any distinctive features? The data was gathered in the two Japanese programs at universities in the Northwest. This exploratory study used both the quantitative and descriptive research methods. There were three primary data analysis procedures: multidimensional scaling analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and rank-order analysis. These multidimensional and hierarchical clustering analyses explored the underlying structure of the concept of what makes a good Japanese language teacher. The rank-order analysis revealed which beliefs were most important for different groups' judgments of who is a good teacher. In addition, the results of these analyses were discussed with the subjects through interviews. The results suggested a major similarity and also some culture differences. Both Americans and Japanese seemed to share a very basic framework about what makes a good teacher, which contained three domains: Classroom management, Interaction and Personality. However, some of the results seemed to reflect a difference between the role-specific aspects of Japanese society and the individualistic elements of American society. In addition, the rank-order analysis seemed to reveal a difference between the two schools.
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10

Walsh, Michael Edward. "The Retention Puzzle Reconsidered| Second Year Student Attitudes and Experiences with Advising." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3594993.

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College student retention has been described as a puzzle because retention rates have stagnated, and in some cases declined, despite over seventy years of research into the problem. The magnitude of the problem is that 50 percent of college students will leave their institution before obtaining a degree (Braxton, Hirschy, & McClendon, 2011). In an effort to improve retention rates, colleges and universities have concentrated their attention on first year students. But this concentrated strategy may have simply transferred the retention problem into the second year where retention rates for many schools are as low as first year rates (Amaury, Barlow, & Crisp, 2005). While advising practices have been identified as one of the three top contributors to increasing retention, major gaps exist about the role academic advising might play in the retention of second year students.

The present correlational study was undertaken to fill gaps in the mostly conceptual second year literature base which implies second year students differ from first year and upper division students. Advising formed the focus of the study because advising has been identified as one of the most important methods for putting students into a mentoring relationship with college staff and faculty, a practice with strong ties to retention (Habley &McClanahan;, 2004; Kuh, 2008). Six research questions were posed in the study which asked whether second year students differed from first year and upper division students and whether retained second year students differed from not retained second year students in their attitudes toward and experiences with advising.

Using simultaneous and logistic regression models, and controlling for confounding variables, statistically significant differences were found between second year students and their first year and upper division peers as well as between retained second year students and not retained second year students.

The findings of difference between second year and other students provide the growing second year retention literature with an empirical basis to support previously held assumptions about difference between class years which had also formed the basis for presumptions about practice for second year success and retention. Many of the findings in this study also support present retention and second year research and prescriptions for practice provided by that research.

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Liang, Jenie Ching-hua. "The influence of role activation and sociocultural factors on the mental health attitudes and coping practices of Asian Pacific Americans /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190530.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-158). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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12

Khong, Regina. "Vietnamese American attitudes toward intercultural and interracial marriage." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/626.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the attitudes of Vietnamese Americans towards Vietnamese interracial marriages. It also sought to extend previous research in this field and incorporate insights regarding the literature of Vietnamese, Vietnamese- American, and American culture to the literature that addresses the question of interracial marriage. The research question of this paper was, "What are the attitudes of Vietnamese Americans toward interracial marriage between Vietnamese Americans and other races?" The methodology used was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire given to a limited group of Vietnamese participants in California to gather their views on this subject. The results suggest that the Vietnamese surveyed are more accepting of interracial marriages than the literature would suggest.
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13

Krummel, Michael James. "Perception of stressors by 9th and 12th grade students utilizing the Youth adaptation rating scale." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4368.

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Stress is a fact of life. There has been much research done since the early 1970's dealing with the various aspects and relationships of stress and life events for all stages of human development. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived life-event stressors of 9th grade and 12th grade students in three Pacific Northwest rural schools. The study also sought to a) ascertain whether male students in the 9th grade and 12th grade perceive stressful life events differently than female students in the same grade, and b) explore if there was a difference in perceptions of students of "different" rural community populations and different age populations (9th & 12th graders).
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14

Ciszek, Robert J. Strand Kenneth H. "Relationships among selected perceptions, attitudes, needs, and expectations of Pacific Rim foreign students concerning their experiences in U.S. higher educational institutions." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9986982.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2000.
Title from title page screen, viewed July 31, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Kenneth H. Strand (chair), George Padavil, Paul J. Baker, Louis Perez. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-205) and abstract. Also available in print.
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15

Stroo, Hans Daniel. "Explaining Ballot Initiative Contest Outcomes in California, Oregon, and Washington." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1553932.

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What explains the outcomes of ballot initiative contests? What factors determine the passage or rejection of an initiative? This paper describes and evaluates three approaches to explaining ballot initiative contest outcomes. The first approach involves using the expenditures of Yes and No campaigns as the causal factor in explaining why passage or defeat is the respective outcome of a given contest. The second explanatory approach emphasizes the logic of collective action problems. The third approach incorporates the larger constellation of policymaking institutions in which each ballot initiative process exists. Specifically, in what ways is the process shaped by the larger system of partisan attachments that structures electoral politics?

This paper contains a set of three analyses which speak to each of the three respective explanatory approaches to explaining initiative contest outcomes. The results provide evidence of the importance of a contest's early competitive dynamic in determining the amount of resources made available for a campaign to spend. Left unaccounted for, this strategic financing of initiatives distorts estimates of the effectiveness of spending.

The second analysis, inspired by insights into collective action problems, finds the initiative arena to be a policymaking site where there is a competitive advantage for broadly diffused interests, especially when they challenge other broad interests. Moreover, broad-based Yes groups achieved relatively high passage rates with relatively low levels of campaigns expenditures.

Finally, the third analysis provides evidence of a consistently high level of correlation between Yes voting and alignment with a particular party. The lowest levels of correlation were still fairly high from a measured social science perspective. In many instances, county-level party attachment mapped almost seamlessly over initiative decision making. This suggests that ballot initiatives politics do not operate outside party politics, as has been suggested in the past.

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Balón, Daniello Garma. "Racial, ethnic, and gender differences among entering college student attitudes toward leadership, culture, and leader self-identification a focus on Asian Pacific Americans /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1776.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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17

Yates, Rodney B. "Aid, attitudes and ambivalence: The impact of Australian aid in the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in the Republic of Kiribati." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118144/8/Rodney%20Yates%20Thesis.pdf.

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Using a critical pedagogy framework, this study examines dependency on Australian Aid and local ownership/sustainability in the introduction of inclusive education in Kiribati through document analysis, interviews with key local stakeholders and school-based focus group discussions. The results indicate that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging and that Australian Aid provided essential advocacy through direct management of initiatives. Inclusive education initiatives remain dependent on Australian Aid for direction and sustainability. Sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati will depend on continued development of local ownership including community support and commitment by the Government of Kiribati, particularly budgetary support.
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Pople, Clair Elizabeth. "Gifted Black and Biracial Students at a Predominantly White Gifted School." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2347.

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The underrepresentation of gifted Black and Biracial students is a pervasive problem in and of itself, and indicates a much larger struggle of disproportionality of Black and Biracial students who are not called upon or supported in efforts to meet their academic potential. Therefore, an evaluation of the inequity generated by gifted education is warranted. It is true that the majority of gifted programs are often predominantly White. Accordingly, Black and Biracial students who qualify for gifted programs may face unique challenges in their development of racial identity and their socio-emotional health. Using ethnographic techniques, this case study explored the ways that Discovery School, a predominantly White gifted school (PWGS), addresses race. It asked how Black and Biracial students at Discovery School understood themselves as racial beings. The fundamental research questions that guided this study were: (1) how is race addressed at a PWGS, and (2) how does a student of color feel Otherness at a PWGS? The case study was designed, and findings were analyzed, through the theoretical lens of critical race theory. Data was collected through several means, including interviews, surveys, direct observation, and email prompts. Interviews were conducted with four gifted students of color, three teachers, and three parents. Surveys were sent home for student participants and their parents to fill out together. Teachers and administrators were asked to complete two email interview questions. Throughout the data collection, I frequently observed students learning and playing at the school and recorded field notes. Findings indicate that: 1. Talented and gifted students thrive in programs that are uniquely tailored to meet their advanced academic and cognitive needs. 2. Policies and inadequate communication act as barriers for gifted Black and Biracial students. 3. Within a positive educational community, racial microaggressions- including the silencing of racial dialogue and individual bullying- exist. The results of this study suggest that Discovery School operates in ways that benefit the participants of the study. Overall, the student participants (and most parent participants) were satisfied with their experiences at Discovery School. Additionally, results indicate that Discovery School could strengthen their program with a commitment to diversifying the student population and implementing culturally responsive pedagogy and antiracist practices that change the consciousness of education professionals and offer support systems for gifted Black and Biracial students, and develop curriculum that is more reflective of students of color.
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Falcone, Gabrielle. "Reality television dating program viewing and perceptions of realtionships among U.S. college students." Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/602.

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Reality dating shows like "The Bachelor," "The Bachelorette," "Average Joe," "For Love or Money" and "Joe Millionaire" have recently attracted a growing number of viewers in the United States. As these reality dating shows pry into the most intimate corners of the lives of ordinary people, they have many people questioning their impact on society. However, there has not been extensive research on this subject. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent that exposure to reality television dating shows have on the cultivation of attitudes and perceptions of interpersonal relationships among college students in the United States. Exposure to reality television dating shows as measured by days viewed in an average week was found to be correlated with the acceptance of dysfunctional relationship beliefs. However, the effect of exposure was found to depend on the amount of perceived realism with the effect stronger for those who evaluated the shows as realistic. These results are more supportive of cognitive-functional theory, rather than cultivation theory. No effects of exposure were found on acceptance of unrealistic relational beliefs.
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20

Andrews-Brown, Adrianna E. G. "Understanding the impact of leadership coursework on students' perceptions of self as leader." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/748.

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This study sought to understand what students learned about themselves as a leader as a result of taking a for-credit leadership seminar. The study used a qualitative case study methodology in order to interpret data collected through participant surveys and interviews. The participants were academically high-achieving college students who had won a prestigious combined academic and leadership scholarship. As a condition of accepting the scholarship, students participated in a one-unit leadership seminar. The study's findings included that after completing the leadership course, students had gained a more complex understanding of leadership concepts as well as a more complex understanding of themselves as leaders. After the course students could identify themselves as leaders in many different situations, including situations where they held no forma! leadership position. The findings indicate that as the students integrated the information on leadership theories and models into their personal understanding of leadership, their personal leadership identity became more complex. This finding adds to the literature on leadership identity development by indicating a possible mechanism for increasing the complexity of students' leadership identity.
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Polk, Pamela. "Intercultural competence for public health nurses." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/625.

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Public health nurses are required to communicate important communicable disease and preventative health information to an increasing number of immigrants and refugees accessing the American public health system. They must also obtain information on a broad scope of topics about clients and/or their children. Little attention has been paid to the study of intercultural communication between public health nurses and their diverse clientele. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers affecting communication between public health nurses and their immigrant and refugee clients. The Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity developed by Milton Bennett provided a conceptual framework for review and analysis of study results. Data were collected using semi-structured formal interviews with a network sample of 17 nurses. Analysis of the data indicated four major themes: (1) common use of a Western- European, ethnocentric communication style; (2) insufficient recognition of how the dominant culture's values, beliefs, and behaviors affect those from non-dominant cultures; (3) inadequate or irrelevant prior diversity training; and ( 4) lack of available and competent interpreters necessary for translation of information during interviews. These categories capture the essential barriers preventing effective communication with culturally diverse clients. From the perspective of the nurses, communication barriers due to cultural or language differences result in difficulty obtaining compliance with public health mandates such as childhood immunization and medication regimens, and limit understanding of preventative healthcare practices. The results of this study provide information and insight for the development of intercultural sensitivity training for public health nurses. A training program that demonstrates cultural training theory, methods, and suggested sequencing is included. An additional sample training outline follows that offers public health nurses culture specific information regarding Hmong refugees.
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22

Anderson, Jennifer Anne. "Understanding Male Nursing Student Perceptions of the Influence of Gender| A Qualitative Case Study Approach of Students, Faculty, and Administration in a Pacific Northwest Nursing Program." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3636207.

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In contemporary American society, the nursing profession is predominantly made up of white women. Currently, males make up only 6.8 percent of the three million nursing professionals in the U.S. and they are considered gender minorities within the nursing profession and within nursing education. As gender minorities, male students are identified as experiencing nursing programs and the practice of nursing differently than their female counterparts.

The purpose of this single instrumental, within site case study was to explore the learning environment for male nursing students and to investigate the nature of the interactions between nursing faculty and male undergraduate students in a Pacific Northwest medical university nursing program. Data was collected in the educational setting through observations, participant interviews, and document analysis. In addition, this study used Kanter's theoretical framework of tokenism to uncover if male nursing students were perceived as tokens in the educational environment. The findings showed that the faculty-student interactions were largely positive; they also revealed that having other males in the class was an instrumental factor in their positive perception of their educational experience. However, the male nursing students also identified areas of discomfort in the educational setting, specifically when practicing clinical skills with female peers, feeling pressured to volunteer and to expose skin during in-class demonstrations, and anticipating that they would be excluded from certain clinical situations. This research indicated that gender differences are present within nursing education and contributed to instances of discomfort for male students. Specific barriers occurred most often when men engaged with female peers and were in clinical settings. These findings provide new insight into when and where men begin to experience gender barriers in the educational environment and are pertinent to understanding the educational environment for men in nursing. Recommendations specifically geared towards assisting students in their first term are suggested for nursing faculty and administrators to ensure that the learning environment is welcoming for men. These recommendations include consciously placing males together in cohort groups and in clinical experiences, reducing instances of visibility and pressure on men in the clinical setting, building faculty awareness of perceived and real barriers for men in the educational setting, and providing faculty with tools to assess and address barriers that are present in the classroom environment.

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Morones, Rachel Bright. "In search of self : a closer look at Mexican American heritage seeking students." Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/588.

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This qualitative study explores the complexities of a little studied international student population called heritage seekers. Focusing specifically on Mexican Americans studying abroad in Mexico, this investigation examined a group from California living in the central state of Queretaro. Information on their experience was collected via a questionnaire applied upon their arrival in Mexico and a two hour interview with each of the participants conducted midway through their study abroad. Their experiences were compiled into profiles and analyzed using theories from four different areas of intercultural study including acculturation, identity, Chicano studies, and friendship development. This investigation produced a series of demographic continua, a list of experiences students are likely to encounter, and suggestions for international educators for meeting the needs of this student population.
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24

Kim, Saena. "A reduction of thanophobia [i.e. thanatophobia] of the nurses /." Free full text is available to ORU patrons only; click to view:, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/oru/fullcit?p3112967.

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Applied research project (D. Min.)--School of Theology and Missions, Oral Roberts University, 2003.
Includes abstract and vita. Translated from Korean. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-193).
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Friedman, Paul Travis. "Elementary school principals' perceptions of teacher evaluation practices." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/675.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions,)[ elementary school principals of teacher evaluation practices in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Specifically, the current study was guided by the following research questions: 1) What are the perceptions of elementary public school principals regarding the effectiveness of teacher evaluation in public elementary schools? and 2) To what extent do elementary school principals' perceptions of the effectiveness of teacher evaluation vary by selected demographic variables (e.g. socio-economic status (SES), Academic Performance Index (API) score, student ethnicity makeup, and size of school)? The collective bargaining agreement for the school district was reviewed and the perceptions of the different principals regarding teacher evaluation practices as well as their specific evaluation procedures at the site level were compared. Results revealed that the collective bargaining agreement did not place serious limitations on evaluation practices. Results of this study also demonstrated that elementary school principals indicated overwhelmingly that teacher evaluation needed to be improved to be more comprehensive, including more informal observations and feedback to be taken into account during the evaluation!on process. In addition, concerns were present regarding the consistency of how the teacher evaluations were conducted and the meaningfulness of the teacher evaluation process. In addition, concerns were present regarding the consistency of how the teacher evaluations were conducted and the meaningfulness of the teacher evaluation process. Results further indicated that time constraints and other factors limited the ability of principals to provide meaningful feedback to teachers. The results of this survey reflect a desire on the part of elementary school principals to see the teacher evaluation process changed to become more effective. This change in the teacher evaluation process will help principals make a difference for everyone- principals, teachers, and students alike.
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Froehlich, Alexandra D. "The experience of students who identify as Jewish and Greek : influences on spiritual development." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/745.

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Seven percent of the national four year college population is involved in Greek Life (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2008, ~5) with over sixty percent on some campuses (Finkel, 201 0). An often unexamined aspect of collegiate learning pertaining to this context is students' spiritual development, yet this is a vital part of a student's life throughout college and critical to whole student learning (Love & Talbot, 2005). Students report a high level of interest in spiritual activities while struggling with existential questions on a regular basis (Higher Education Research Institute, 2003). Most social fraternities and sororities embrace Christian ideals, making the spiritual development of non-Christian students involved in Greek Life a unique challenge. Focusing on the spiritual development of Jewish students within these social organizations is important because until the mid-twentieth century, there were restrictive membership clauses barring Jewish students from becoming active members of multiple fraternities and sororities founded on Christian ideals (Callais, 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the unique dichotomy created by students who do not participate in the systemic religious views of a majority of Greek Life organizations; specifically focusing on students of Jewish faith in primarily Christian based Greek letter organizations. The students interviewed show a richness of experiences and information finding that Jewish students (1) identification as spiritually or culturally Jewish defines college experiences, (2) find sanctuary and community with other Jewish students and in groups such as Hillel, (3) who interact with faculty and staff that identify with their heritage feel a sense of belonging on campus, (4) struggle with campus dining practices, (5) face academic penalties due to practice of faith traditions, (6) did not feel welcome or comfortable at the local places of worship, and (7) in Greek letter organizations felt · excluded or challenged because of the founding ideals.
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Farr, Jeanne Marie. "Moving beyond diversity by numbers : new approaches to fostering healthy intercultural climates in human services organizations supporting people with disabilities." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/668.

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The purpose of this research study was to foster improved intercultural communication and understanding in the studied organizations and to foster diversity related discussion in the Oregon developmental disabilities services industry. Research was conducted by collecting data from 16 human resource managers who work in human services organizations serving people with developmental disabilities. Through the use of an email survey and follow-up telephone interviews with a subgroup ofthe 16 participants, data were gathered regarding participant perspectives on their organizations' diversity initiatives and on their suggestions for effective diversity strategies. Specific areas of focus included: the benefits and barriers to workplace diversity and strategies to foster workplace diversity. The research produced a comprehensive set of strategies that focused on the following six areas: leadership commitment to diversity; organizational commitment to diversity; organizational commitment to diversity training; the modification of human resources practices to accommodate diverse cultural needs; the consideration of alternative service configurations and job descriptions to accommodate different cultural needs; and the development of a comprehensive community outreach program.
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Bechtel, Molly M. "First-generation college students and greek membership : understanding college experiences through the lens of community cultural wealth." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/752.

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Although first-generation college students and fratemity and sorority members have been explored and described independently within higher education research, less is known about the overlap in these two experiences and the culminating student population which provides the focus for this study. This study investigates the college experiences of six first-generation college students who are members of Greek-letter organizations at universities on the west coast. Case study methodology and community cultural wealth (Y osso, 2005) are used to analyze semistructured, in-depth interviews and provide rich descriptions, which inform an understanding of why students join Greek-letter organizations, the nature of their experience, and how their membership may influence how they experience college. Although participants did not describe their experience in college or in a Greek-letter organization as particularly unique as a result of their generational status, findings indicate a substantial gain in social and navigational capital, which they intended to utilize during and after their college years. Findings also indicate that due to the involvement in the Greek community, first-generation college students experienced college with a greater commitment to persist. By utilizing community cultural wealth to describe and explain first-generation college students in Greek-letter organizations, it emerges as a relevant framework for student affairs educators to incorporate into their practice.
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Niatu, A. L. "Dosalsal, the floating ones : exploring the socio-cultural impacts of cruise ship tourism on Port Vila, Vanuatu residents, and their coping strategies." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1383.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the socio-cultural impacts of cruise ship tourism on Port Vila residents and their coping strategies. The study was conducted in Port Vila over the months of June and July 2006. It employs the use of a qualitative research methodology, of participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with a range of tourism stakeholders, including the government, the church and chiefs, as well as a number of small businesses such as public transport operators, small indigenous tour operators and market vendors. These observations and interviews were conducted at the Mama’s Haus project, Centre Point Market Place, and the main wharf area. This thesis was initially aimed at exploring the strategies that the residents of Port Vila used to cope with the impacts caused by cruise ship tourism. As the research progressed, it become apparent from primary data collected that market vendors have not just adapted to the impacts of cruise ship tourism, but that the consequences of their adaptation may be seen as empowering them. They are empowered not just economically, but also psychologically, socially and politically. However, it must be acknowledged that not all small tourist operators in this study felt positively about the impacts of cruise ship tourism; some may be seen as being disempowered. Furthermore, the empowerment of these market vendors is dependent on the continuous flow of cruise ship visits to Port Vila; something beyond their control. The cancellation of future trips or decrease in the number of cruise ship voyages will have significant consequences for the sustainability of this informal sector and the longevity of these micro-enterprises. The study finding implies that coping strategies should not just address how residents and communities cope or respond to tourism, but should also go further by addressing the consequences of the coping strategies adopted.
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Wilson, EK. "Brethren attitudes to authority and government, with particular reference to pacifism." Thesis, 1994. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/8980/1/thesis.pdf.

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Prior to World War I, members of the Christian Brethren movement had usually avoided military involvement. This thesis examines their response to the demands of both World Wars, in the context of their teaching on relations with the state. It takes evidence from published material and responses to a questionnaire, and draws the conclusion that separation from worldly affairs was at least as strong a motivation as pacifism or the law of love, and that these were held in tension with the Biblical command to obey the powers that be.
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Wilson, EK. "Brethren attitudes to authority and government, with particular reference to pacifism." 1994. http://eprints.utas.edu.au/8980.

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Prior to World War I, members of the Christian Brethren movement had usually avoided military involvement. This thesis examines their response to the demands of both World Wars, in the context of their teaching on relations with the state. It takes evidence from published material and responses to a questionnaire, and draws the conclusion that separation from worldly affairs was at least as strong a motivation as pacifism or the law of love, and that these were held in tension with the Biblical command to obey the powers that be.
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Versluis, Diana Omura. "Exploring college students' understanding of diversity : the effect of experience, interventions, and encapsulation." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32385.

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This study sought to understand how post-secondary students experience and process issues of diversity, to discover what those views of diversity are, and how those views might change. The two issues that participants felt most strongly about were homosexuality and scholarships for students of color. Their views on homosexuality ranged from admitted homophobia, to ambivalence, to tolerance, to full acceptance. Religion seemed to play a part among those who were ambivalent, but not for those who were homophobic. Views were not static, but shifted depending on the circumstances. A participant who might object to a homosexual serving in the military might have no problem having a homosexual as a neighbor. Regarding scholarships for students of color, some of the 27 White students agreed that this was fair, while others seemed to resent the idea and questioned its need. Two of the four multi-racial students were somewhat sympathetic to the latter view. A high degree of acceptance on one diversity issue did not necessarily mean high acceptance on other issues. A participant who advocated for gays to have equal admittance and acceptance in the military was against scholarships for students of color. Participants' views were most influenced by their personal experiences. Interventions such as coursework, workshop, panel presentation, and social contact seemed to have a less influence than personal experiences. Those pivotal moments, as discussed by Young Y. Kim, seemed to have caused stress, adaptation, and growth, which resulted in a greater awareness of an issue, of themselves, and of others. The rejection of experiences and interventions might be explained by encapsulation, as proposed by C. Gilbert Wrenn. Encapsulated individuals seem to choose to reject information or experiences that might challenge their views. The implication for educators is to provide more opportunities for students to have personal experiences involving diversity that might lead to pivotal moments. Thirty-one undergraduates at a small, liberal arts university in the Pacific Northwest were interviewed three times over an average of seven weeks. All had participated in a nationally known diversity workshop and had also participated in regular courses that addressed diversity issues.
Graduation date: 2002
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Hsiao, Ching-Tung, and 蕭景騰. "The Attitude and Needs of Taiwan's Telecommunications Industries Towards Asia-Pacific Media Center Project." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71186560134891184288.

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Hsiao, Ching-Tung, and 蕭景騰. "The Attitude and Needs of Taiwan''s Telecommunications Industries Towards Asia-Pacific Media Center Project." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b24hbh.

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Zmetana, Katherine. "Reflections on change : a community-college faculty perspective." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32411.

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This phenomenological research study focused on educational change as perceived by 16 Liberal Arts faculty members at a Pacific Northwest community college. Research data were collected through in-depth dialogic interviews and a follow-up dialogue session with six participants. The principal guiding research questions comprised the following: 1) What is the context of the community college? The institution is facing severe budgetary restrictions, widening diversity of students, the implementation of new technologies and distance learning, changing faculty and administrator roles, competition from the private sector, and the redefining of the community college role. 2) What is the background of the faculty participants? In the past, faculty have experienced a collegial culture and a shared sense of purpose, which no longer seems to exist. Their values are deeply connected to the social responsibilities of education and student needs, which they feel is at odds with the trend toward commodification of education. 3) What are faculty's perceptions of change and its effects? Change is constant; and instructors adapt incrementally. Mandated changes are seen to have fuzzy meanings and hidden agendas, which sometimes go against the core values of higher education. 4) What do faculty want? Faculty want to wrestle with the issues and solutions for dealing with change collaboratively, and they need the time and space to do so. They also want administrators to hear their voice, and to include faculty priorities in educational decision-making. Faculty participants had clear ideas on ways that would make the implementation of change more successful and meaningful in their lives and in the future of their community college: 1) Make change for a worthy or merited purpose. 2) Listen to what faculty have to say. 3) Allow faculty to wrestle with the challenges. 4) Provide faculty with support and recognition. 5) Keep student needs as a central priority. 6) Maintain the human values and social purpose of education. Most important, faculty feel that the human element cannot be discounted or forgotten in the rush to transform higher education, for faculty are the ones charged with the implementation of most change initiatives and they must deal with the consequences.
Graduation date: 2002
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36

Chafey, Adam. "Impacts of protected areas on adjacent communities: an examination of attitudes and perceptions towards Pacific Rim National Park Reserve." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3979.

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Protected areas, such as national parks, can provide nearby communities with a wide range of environmental, social, and economic benefits, such as ecosystem services and tourism development. However, protected areas can also subject communities to a number of costs, such as displacement and an increase in negative human-wildlife interactions. This study investigates how the communities of Tofino and Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada perceive they have been impacted by Pacific Rim National Park Reserve (PRNPR). Specific areas of focus include respondents’ attitude and level of support for PRNPR and their perceptions of concerns and benefits related to the park. Data for this study was collected using a focus group and questionnaire administered using the “drop-off” method. The results of this study suggest that residents of Tofino and Ucluelet generally have a positive attitude towards the park and perceive PRNPR subjects their communities to a number of concerns and benefits. It was found that attitudes were linked to perceived concerns and benefits, perceived changes in the community, and level of involvement with PRNPR. With regards to concerns and benefits, it was found that respondents were most concerned with financial costs related to PRNPR and most valued benefits related to conservation.
Graduate
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37

Inkelas, Karen Kurotsuchi. "Demystifying the model minority the influences of identity and the college experience on Asian Pacific American undergraduates' racial attitudes /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52049628.html.

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38

Alpízar, Jorge Esteban Villalobos, and 魏喬. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Dengue Control and Prevention in the Central-Pacific Region of Costa Rica: A Cross-Sectional Study." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88137302162491815062.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
96
Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that now is endemic in most tropical countries. In Costa Rica since the 1990’s dengue has become the most important vector-borne disease, causing outbreaks almost every year, leaving thousands of people affected since its resurgence. Objective: To analyze the individual knowledge, attitude and practice towards Dengue control and preventive measures among the Orotina inhabitants in the Central-Pacific region of Costa Rica. Methods: From August 15th to November 15th 2007 we conducted a cross-sectional study among 409 persons living in the Orotina Canton, in the Central-Pacific region of Costa Rica. Demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices of dengue were measured by means of a structured questionnaire, and an environmental survey of the premises was conducted to determine household features including the presence of Aedes aegypti potential breeding sites (PBS) and mosquito larva. Differences between the different variables were calculated by chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of knowledge, attitudes and practices of dengue disease, and to find associations between individual characteristics and dengue related KAP with presence of PBS and mosquito larva. Results: Of the 409 persons, 343 (84%) participants answered correctly the mode of dengue transmission (through a mosquito bite), 79% had adequate knowledge of dengue symptoms, 61% had adequate knowledge of Aedes aegypti breeding sites and 66 % had adequate knowledge of dengue control/preventive measures. In multivariate analyses, the people residing in the rural area and the people who do not know a person who had dengue before were associated of having inadequate knowledge in the 4 categories of knowledge. In terms of practices of dengue control/preventive measures, 87% of people claimed to practice and 13% not to practice. In multivariate analyses, the determinants associated with the people who do NOT practice were: residing the in rural area (aOR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.07-7.77), having negative attitude towards the effectiveness of recommended control/preventive measures (aOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.66-7.70) and inadequate knowledge of breeding sites and mode of transmission. Environmental survey: 77% of people had in their premises the presence of potential breeding sites, and 21% out of the total had mosquito larva in their premises. Just one association was found: less educated people were associated with presence of mosquito larva in urban premises. No other personal characteristics or dengue related KAP factors were associated with neither of the outcome variables. Conclusion: Although the overall knowledge and control/preventive practices were high, the presence of potential breeding sites and mosquito larva was also high, meaning that people had sufficient awareness about the characteristics of dengue disease, but showed lack of action towards preventing and controlling the disease. Therefore an integrated vector control program supported by legislative measures is recommended to encourage householders compliance in this matter.
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Koski, James R. "Hepatitis A and B vaccination in matriculating college students : knowledge, self-perceived risk, health risk behaviors, and theory of planned behavior constructs." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31601.

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At a state university in the Pacific Northwest, the authors surveyed 477 matriculating college students about their immunization status, knowledge, self-perceived risk, and health risk behaviors for hepatitis A and B vaccinations. Review of immunization records revealed that 10% of these students were completely immunized for hepatitis A and 58.8% were completely immunized for hepatitis B. Although their knowledge about hepatitis A and B was very good, there were no significant differences in immunization status or health risk behaviors based on their knowledge or their self-perceived risk of hepatitis A and B. About 66% of students perceived they had no risk or low risk for hepatitis A and B and only 5% felt they had a high risk. In spite of the low self-perceived risk, health risk behaviors for hepatitis A and B were common in this population of college students. In the past twelve months, 56.2% of these students reported being sexually active (vaginal, oral, anal sex), including 20.5% who had two or more sexual partners. Students with multiple sexual partners reported having unprotected sex at a high frequency: 61.3% vaginal, 81.1% oral-genital, and 13.2% anal. The non-sexual health risk behaviors were also common in this population: 53.2% had body piercing/tattoos, and 26.5% traveled internationally to regions with intermediate to high rates of hepatitis A (Africa, SE Asia, Central/South America). These students who traveled internationally were more likely to be immunized for hepatitis A, although 70% remained unimmunized. In addition, students with multiple sexual partners or with a body piercing/tattoo were more likely to be immunized for hepatitis B. However, about one-third of these students with multiple sexual partners or body piercing/tattoo have not completed the hepatitis B series. The theory of planned behavior was applied to determine factors that are associated with college students' decision to be vaccinated for hepatitis A and B. For hepatitis A and B vaccinations, important attitude constructs identified were 'vaccine effectiveness, vaccine adverse effects, anticipation anxiety, inconvenience, and vaccine expense.' The subjective norm constructs with the greatest influence for college students were: 'parents, family doctor, and student health services staff'. The significant perceived behavioral constructs were 'parents reminder, student health services (SHS) reminder, and SHS hepatitis vaccine clinic.' In conclusion, there is still a sizable portion of unvaccinated college students who possess health risk behaviors for hepatitis A and B, such as multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual behaviors, body piercing/tattoos, and international travel. With a greater understanding of college students' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control college health services could develop more effective strategies to educate unvaccinated college students about these risks and motivate them to be immunized.
Graduation date: 2003
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McCann, Julie McLaughlin. "White principals examine power, privilege, and identity : the challenge of leading for equity." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33669.

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experience of white principals in understanding their white identity, privilege, and power as they worked to implement socially-just and culturally proficient schools. The findings offer insights into the following questions: 1) How do white school leaders view white identity and the impact, if any, it has on their leadership? 2) How do white school leaders relate to students of color, their parents, and the community? 3) In what ways do white school leaders engage in race talk and address issues of white identity, privilege, and power? 4) What challenges do white school leaders experience as they attempt to end racism in their schools? The study was set in a mostly white suburban school district in the Pacific Northwest. It involved three male and two female white principals who were previously engaged in equity training. Primary data sources included two individual interviews and two focus group sessions which were audiotaped and transcribed. Data analysis involved several coding cycles to identify themes related to the research questions. The analyses indicated the white principals engaged in a number of actions which demonstrated leadership focused on becoming culturally proficient. The knowledge and understanding principals gained in the equity training contributed to their understanding of white privilege and white identity. Their ability to name this understanding while interacting with parents and students of color helped to build relationships and created allies in their work. Due to their perceived lack of skill and knowledge related to implementing equity efforts around cultural competence, principals shared a hesitancy to lead staff into meaningful race talk and other work around white identity, privilege, and power. Challenges also arose as principals worked to manage competing district initiatives, limited staff training time, and the need for support.
Graduation date: 2013
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41

"Perceptions of airline advertising: congruities and incongruities." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887571.

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by Ko Wai Kwan Vivian.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-116).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
The Aviation Industry - The Target Customers --- p.1
Major Functions of Airline Advertisements --- p.7
Purpose of Study --- p.9
Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10
Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15
Content Analysis of Airline Advertisements --- p.16
In-depth Interviews with Advertisers --- p.18
Survey of Audiences' Perceptions --- p.18
Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION --- p.25
Content Analysis of Airline Advertisements --- p.25
In-depth Interviews with Advertisers --- p.30
Survey of Audiences' Perceptions --- p.38
Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.105
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.114
APPENDIX --- p.117
Chapter 1. --- An Outline of the Questions for the Personal Interviews
Chapter 2. --- Survey Questionnaire
Chapter 3. --- Instructions for the Questionnaire Survey
Chapter 4. --- Ten Advertisements Used in Part I of the Survey
Chapter 5. --- British Airways Advertisements Used in the Survey
Chapter 6. --- Cathay Pacific Advertisements Used in the Survey
Chapter 7. --- Korean Air Advertisements Used in the Survey
Chapter 8. --- British Airways Advertisements Collected for the Content Analysis
Chapter 9. --- Cathay Pacific Advertisements Collected for the Content Analysis
Chapter 10. --- Korean Air Advertisements Collected for the Content Analysis
Chapter 11. --- Examples of Other Airline Advertisements
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