Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pacific perspective'
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Choi, Cho-hong, and 蔡祖康. "Hong Kong in the context of the Pacific War: an American perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220630.
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Lokmer, Ana [Verfasser]. "Pacific oyster holobiont in the changing environment : a microbial perspective / Ana Lokmer." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169132618/34.
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Choi, Cho-hong. "Hong Kong in the context of the Pacific War : an American perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20906845.
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Xu, Li. "On Emerging Asia-Pacific Equity Markets from the Perspective of the Dynamics of Mean and Volatility Spillovers." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2320.
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This dissertation investigates the dynamics of mean and volatility spillovers from the U.S. and three large (regional) Asia-Pacific stock markets to ten small (local) ones from June 2008 to May 2013.
After a brief introduction to the main purposes and contributions of my research in Chapter 1, I examine the impact of lagged American and regional returns on the local markets in Chapter 2. By building up a univariate autoregressive model and treating lagged U.S. and regional returns as exogenous variables, I find that the local markets have statistically significant exposure to lagged returns of their own and the U.S. market only. The empirical results suggest that lagged American returns have exerted considerable mean spillover impact upon most of the local markets, whereas the large Asia-Pacific markets involved in this study have few such impacts.
I study the linkage between the U.S. market and each of the regional markets in Chapter 3 by employing two specifications of the bivariate GARCH process—the BEKK and general dynamic covariance (DC) models—to capture common features of equity return data. Based on the results of carefully constructed diagnostic tests, the BEKK model is demonstrated to be more appropriate for the U.S.–China and U.S.–Japan cases, and the dynamic covariance model for the U.S.–Australia case.
In Chapter 4, I discuss time-varying correlation of a local market with the U.S. market and with each regional market by proposing three Markov-switching shock spillover models. A comparison of model performance is drawn based on a series of model selection criteria. In fourteen cases, the local market is found to be more sensitive to regional shocks. Disturbances from two regional markets account for a higher proportion of local variance than those of U.S. origin. I conclude that the regional center, although having little mean spillover effect upon the local markets, has become increasingly influential in volatility transmission. Possible extended studies in the future as well as main findings in the preceding chapters are summarized in Chapter 5.
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Andres, Vernon. "Influence of non-governmental organizations on the 1999 Canada/United States Pacific Salmon Treaty, a Canadian perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ49200.pdf.
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Sapp, James Christopher. "Electricity Demand Forecasting in a Changing Regional Context: The Application of the Multiple Perspective Concept to the Prediction Process." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/574.
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In 1982, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), a marketer of hydroelectric power in the Pacific Northwest, found itself in a new role which required it to acquire power resources needed to meet the demands of the region's utilities. In particular, it had to deal with the Washington Public Power Supply System's nuclear plant cost escalations. In response, BPA prepared its first independent regional power forecast. The forecast development process was intricate and multidimensional and involved a variety of interested parties. Application of the Multiple Perspective Concept uncovers strengths and weaknesses in this process by illuminating its technical, organizational and personal dimensions. Examination of the forecast from the technical perspective revealed an elaborate set of interlinked models used to develop baseline, high, and low forecasts. The organizational perspective revealed BPA to be in a transitional stage. Internally, ratemaking, forecasting, conservation, resource acquisition, and financial management swelled as new organizational functions. Interorganizationally, environmentalists, ratepayer groups, and the region's utilities all had strong interests in the decision regarding WPPSS plants. The personal perspective revealed that each of the Administrators heading BPA since the early 1980s defined the agency's approach to the resource planning problem differently, first as an engineering problem, then as a political problem, and, finally, as a business problem. Taken together, the Multiple Perspectives yielded the following conclusions about BPA's 1982 forecast. (1) BPA's range forecast constituted a major improvement over the point forecasts preceding it, but left important classes of uncertainty unexplored. (2) BPA's models were better suited to address rate and conservation issues important at the time of the 1982 forecast than their predecessors. The model of the national economy, however, remained a black box, potentially significant feedbacks were not represented, and the sheer size of the modeling system placed practical limits on its use. (3) A stronger method of dealing with forecast uncertainty is needed which utilizes a disaster-avoidance strategy and plans for high impact/low probability events. This method need not involve the use of large models, but should incorporate qualitative insights from persons normally outside the technical sphere.
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Tollstrup, Darren L. "Slab contributions to the mantle source of backarc magmas : A neodymium and the hafnium perspective from arcs in the northwest Pacific /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Barter, Paul A. "An international comparative perspective on urban transport and urban form in Pacific Asia: The challenge of rapid motorisation in dense cities." Thesis, Barter, Paul A. (1999) An international comparative perspective on urban transport and urban form in Pacific Asia: The challenge of rapid motorisation in dense cities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3332/.
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Recent decades have seen rapid change in the urban transport of many eastern Asian cities. Some cities have been hailed internationally as transport success stories while others have become known for their intense traffic crises to the extent of threatening both their environmental qualities and economic performance. Accordingly, there is great interest in better understanding urban transport patterns in the large cities of eastern Asia. However, the literature lacks clear internationally comparable information on these cities and their transport systems. A review of the literature on land use and transport in Asian cities reveals many misunderstandings and inaccurate interpretations of the current situation in these cities. This thesis attempts to redress this lack of sound urban data and to improve policy interpretations by focusing on nine major cities in Pacific Asia (Bangkok, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Seoul, Singapore, Surabaya and Tokyo). The study provides an international comparative perspective on these cities using a large set of data on urban transport, land use and economic factors, as part of a wider study on 46 international cities.
A historical review of transport and urban development between 1900 and the 1960s found that, by the end of the period, most of the Asian cities were more vulnerable to problems from an influx of private vehicles than Western cities had been at the equivalent stage in their motorisation. This greater vulnerability was primarily due to higher densities and greater dependence on road-based public transport in most Asian cities, which could be described as “bus cities”, an archetype that is developed in the thesis. This archetype is found to be useful in better understanding Asian cities in relation to more Western-based theories of city evolution based on the dominant transport technology, as well as helping to interpret past and present transport problems.
Analysis of comparative transport and other data for 1990 found that the Asian cities in the sample generally had much lower levels of private vehicle use than European, Canadian, Australian and American cities in the international sample. This is in line perhaps with general expectations, though not without significant variations within the group. The Asian cities also generally had greater roles for public transport and non-motorised transport and much higher urban densities than cities in the other regions, though variations were again significant. A detailed investigation of the special opportunities and challenges for transport of the highdensity urban forms of most of the Asian cities reveals new insights on the root causes of transport problems in such cities. High density offers the opportunity to foster successful public transport and non-motorised accessibility. However, it also means that very high levels of motorised traffic per unit of land area (and hence intense traffic impacts) can emerge quickly, even if vehicle use per capita remains low. Traffic congestion can also emerge rapidly as dense cities motorise. This is a result, not just of poorly developed road systems, but of the fact that road capacity per capita is inherently low in dense cities. This research thus challenges notions in the literature that congestion problems in Asian cities can be solved by road expansion. It establishes, through sound comparative urban data, that there are inherent limits to road provision in dense cities.
Contrasting urban transport strategies or models were identified within the Asian sample of cities. In particular, upper-middle-income cities, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur, were shown to have experienced very rapid motorisation and to have had little success in increasing the relative roles of public transport and non-motorised modes. These trends have led to a severe mismatch between emerging car and motorcycle-oriented transport patterns and the pre-existing highdensity urban form, especially in Bangkok. This “unrestrained motorisation” model is contrasted with the experiences of wealthier Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong and Tokyo, which have all restrained and slowed the pace of motorisation to some extent and enhanced the role of public transport. In all four cities, 1990 levels of motorisation and vehicle use were low relative to their levels of income. This “restraint” model takes advantage of the transport opportunities that are inherent in existing dense urban forms while avoiding many of the problems. It is also shown to have encouraged, or complemented, the evolution of public transport-oriented patterns of urban development. Jakarta, Surabaya and Manila face the choice of following either of these models, but appear more likely to follow Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur, unless policy changes are made.
The study then reviews key choices and policies in urban transport in the nine Asian cities over recent decades. It identifies which have been most decisive in defining the models “chosen” by each city. Although many decisions are important, the thesis argues that a particularly crucial choice is the decision of whether or not to restrain private vehicle ownership and use. The Asian cities following the “restraint” model began to restrain private vehicles at an early stage in their motorisation and generally well before they had developed high-quality or high-capacity public transport systems. This challenges the common view that a city must already have a first-class public transport system before traffic restraint can be effective or politically acceptable. In fact, this study suggests that early introduction of traffic restraint can facilitate the gradual development of well-functioning transport systems, including mass transit systems. Insights drawn from the results of this study potentially have important implications for transport and urban policy debates in low-income and middle-income cities everywhere, particularly those that are beginning to motorise quickly from previously low levels of vehicle ownership.
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Ellero, Jéremy. "Perspective de coopération régionale dans le Pacifique : quels modèles d'intégration économique pour les territoires français ?" Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0001/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une contribution sur les perspectives d’intégration régionale des territoires français du Pacifique dans le contexte international actuel, et d’identifier plus particulièrement les potentialités de développement d’activités sur les marchés extérieurs. L’émancipation des collectivités françaises en Océanie ne peut se résumer à leur éradication de la liste des dix-sept territoires à décoloniser de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU). Plus généralement, l’insertion dans les flux du commerce international des îles de moins d’un million d’habitants est au cœur des enjeux du développement insulaire. Ainsi, nous tenterons de savoir si la représentation de référence des économies du Pacifique, MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy), répond toujours aux défis apportés par la mondialisation. En effet, le système commercial multilatéral connaît une mutation profonde et semble engagé dans un morcellement régional de ses sphères d’influence. Depuis le début des années 2000, l’initiative des accords Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) et Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) apparaît comme la première étape pour la construction d’un marché régional unique dans le Pacifique. L’Océanie compte sept millions de consommateurs répartis sur un tiers de la surface du globe. Mais l’éloignement, le faible degré d’ouverture et l’hétérogénéité des îles du Pacifique influent directement sur les politiques commerciales. En sus, en Nouvelle-Calédonie comme en Polynésie française plus de 97% des entreprises ont moins de 10 salariés. Comme dans la majorité des îles d’Océanie, le modèle économique n’est orienté que vers le marché intérieur et présente peu de compétences pour l’export. Dans ce contexte, les territoires français sont tous deux référencés comme l’un des 34 « hotspot » de la biodiversité ; leurs écosystèmes sont parmi les plus diversifiés au monde. Fort de cet avantage comparatif, la valorisation de la faune et la flore endémiques peut néanmoins prendre différentes formes : l’agriculture, le tourisme, l’extraction des ressources, la recherche scientifique. Nous tenterons de définir l’exploitation du patrimoine naturel la plus appropriée dans une logique de développement durableThe objective of this thesis is to make a significant contribution on the prospects of regional integration of the French Pacific territories in the current international context. As well, it aims at identifying the opportunities for business development to the export market. The emancipation of the French collectivities in Oceania cannot be confined to removing them from United Nations’ list of seventeen territories to be decolonized. More generally, the integration of islands with populations of under one million into international trade flows is the key to the issues of insular development. We will therefore seek to determine whether the MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy) reference model of the Pacific economies is still up to the challenges of globalization. The multilateral trading system is undergoing profound change and seems to be seeing a regional fragmentation of its spheres of influence. Since the early 2000’s, the initiative of the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) and Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) agreements would appear to be the first step towards the construction of a regional single market in the Pacific. Oceania represents a market of seven million consumers scattered over one-third of the surface area of the globe. Geographical isolation, lack of commercial openings and the heterogeneous nature of the Pacific Island economies have a direct influence on commercial policies. Furthermore, in New Caledonia as in French Polynesia 97% are very small businesses employing less than 10 people. As in most islands of Oceania, the economic model is only oriented toward the internal market and is not structured for export. In this context, the French Pacific territories are labeled as one of the 34 «hotspot » of the biodiversity; their ecosystems are amongst the most diversified in the world. Rich of this competitive advantage, the valorization of the endemic fauna and flora can take many forms: agriculture, tourism, extraction of resources, scientific research…We will try to define the most profitable exploitation of the natural heritage for a sustainable development
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Birkby, Stuart J. "English-Language Introduction to Contemporary Taiwan: A Historicolinguistic Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337952671.
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Barile, Nicole J. "Rethinking the cultures of the BRICs : an intercultural perspective." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/774.
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This thesis examines the cultural characteristics of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (the BRIC countries), and the United States, in order to assess what these characteristics mean for U.S. Americans doing business with the BRICs. An in-depth review of the literature, both academic and popular materials, was conducted in order to analyze what is currently being said about the cultures of these countries. Country profiles are created that summarize the existing literature. These profiles are analyzed to see what themes, patterns, differences, and relationships may exist both within the cultures of the BRICs and as compared to the United States. It is discovered that the BRICs are becoming more Western in their values, behaviors, and beliefs, due to increased exposure to Western societies.
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Stead, Katerina Bokova. "Education for global citizenship : an intercultural and cosmopolitan perspective." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/803.
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In response to the changes brought about by globalization, colleges and universities around the \Vorld are increasingly developing and expanding the 4 internationalization programs on their campuses. One important aspect of these programs that is often highlighted by institutions in their mission statements is the development of global citizenship among graduates. However, despite the rhetorical claims and apparent intemationalization activity aimed at producing global citizens, many recent reports suggest that most institutions in North America and elsewhere have not been successful in this goal. Two common issues in this failure are a Jack of clarity in the definition and purpose of global citizenship education, and Jack of appropriate assessment tools and practices. In light of these problems, this exploratory thesis examines two existing frameworks, cosmopolitanism and intercultural relations, in an effort to establish a strong theoretical foundation for the support and development of a moral, ethical, and social justice perspective of education for global citizenship programs in colleges and universities that reflects the traditions of a liberal education. Analysis of the existing scholarship in these two areas shows a commonality between the frameworks that is mostly unrecognized in the literature. Together, the similarities in these two theoretical frameworks combine to make a compelling argument for the continued development of global citizenship programs that focus on peace and social justice. In addition, these frameworks provide effective solutions for the critical problems faced by education for global citizenship programs.
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Hendrickson, Katharine Jane. "Changes in Coral Community Composition at Devil's Crown, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: A 7,700 Year Perspective." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/29.
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Coral mortality caused by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity and its related disturbances has been researched throughout the Eastern Pacific. In the past three decades, disturbances related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been shown to influence coral growth in the Eastern Pacific. In the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, more than 97% of corals experienced mortality after the severe 1982-1983 ENSO episode. However, two of the most dominant coral species found in a coral community adjacent to Devil’s Crown; Psammocora stellata and Diaseris distorta survived this severe ENSO event. By reconstructing sediment cores of the coral community, this study assessed how the coral assemblage has changed over the past 7,700 years of the Holocene epoch. The historical reconstructions were then related to existing records of Holocene ENSO variability in order to determine if changes in the relative abundance of coral species were related to ENSO activity and disturbances. We observed high variability in the relative abundances of P. stellata and D. distorta in the cores, including an increase in the abundance of D. distorta at approximately 2,200 yBP. Between the two species, opposite abundance trends were observed and supported by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination analysis. Overall, the high variance in coral composition at the site throughout the Holocene documents repeated disturbance events in this region.
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Wu, Yun. "A uses and gratifications perspective of Chinese college students' motivations in using renren (Chinese social networking site)." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/798.
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Recent years witnessed incredibly increasing popularity of online social networking sites around the globe. The emergence of new social media, including online social networking sites, brings the communication world a brand-new area to explore. The success of Facebook and MySpace in the U.S. has attracted a considerate number of communication scholars to examine this phenomenon from different perspectives.
As the most cutting-edge tool to investigate a newly-grown medium, uses and gratifications perspective focuses on why people use social media, and how people use them to satisfy their needs. In this study, the most popular online social networking site in China, Renren, was selected to investigate the uses and gratifications of Chinese college students. Four motivations, that is, socializing, entertainment, self-status seeking, and information seeking, were utilized to measure how much weight Chinese college students give to each motivation.
Culture's impact on the usage of online social networking sites was also investigated. The concept of interdependent self-construal and independent self-construal was borrowed to examine how culture could play a role in SNS use among Chinese college students.
The study found Chinese college students use SNS to gratify their needs of socializing, entertainment, information seeking, while self-status seeking seems to be a weaker factor of SNS use. Six themes emerged in the study including: 1) vision and outlook expansion, 2) friendship maintenance, 3) a sense of self-worth, 4) information seeking, 5) entertainment, and 6) cultivated as a habit, to pass time. In addition, Chinese college students seem to have independent self-construal rather than interdependent self-construal, but the tendency is weak and self-report statistics show they tend to give moderate answers regarding to the self-construal. The influence of different self-construals towards motives in using Renren is subtle. Further explanations of observed finding were provided in the thesis.
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Nersesian-McGuire, Dianne Rene. "A comparison of English and U.S. American communication patterns in work settings : an English perspective." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/734.
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This thesis examines communication patterns between the English and U.S. Americans in a work environment. These two cultural groups engage in significant business, economic, and political relationships, and though they share many similarities, the cultural and communication differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflict. This study investigates the perceptions of 32 English nationals about their interactions with U.S. Americans in order to better understand the differences between their workrelated preferences and processes. The English participants completed a selfadministered written questionnaire that elicited their thoughts about the following: English and U.S. American communication and work behaviors, perceived cultural differences, and skills deemed most effective for successful working relationships between the two cultures. Forty-one percent of the participants also participated in a follow-up telephone interview. The results showed that the majority of the participants felt that national and individual cultural differences contributed to communication challenges at work. Some of the significant areas of difference include: language usage, preferred ways to deliver and receive information, use of humor, and approaches to decision-making and managing conflict. Suggested recommendations based on the findings of this study are intended to help professionals enhance stronger working partnerships between the English and U.S. Americans.
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Steyn, Peter. "Online brand relationship building : Asia pacific perspectives Peter Steyn /." Luleå : Department of Business Admninstration and Social Sciences, Division of Industrial Marketing, Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/3375787.
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Ng, Poh Yen. "Characterising High Growth Firms: Perspectives from the Asia-Pacific Region." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7799.
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This study advances understanding of the complexity of high growth in technology-based businesses. The study builds on conceptual and applied insights on business growth from the entrepreneurship and strategic management literatures. This thesis uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and then test a model of the performance of high-growth firms. The qualitative study involved case studies of high-growth firms in Malaysia and New Zealand and led to a conceptual model of their performance. This model was then estimated using original data gathered from a questionnaire survey of a cross-section of high-growth and non-high-growth firms. The model was estimated separately on samples of high-growth and non-high-growth firms and, as expected, it proved a much stronger explanation of the performance of the high-growth sample. Hence the thesis provides important new insights into this small but important group of firms.
Sixteen high-growth firms, selected in equal number from Malaysia and New Zealand, agreed to be case studies in the initial phase of the research. Interviews with the CEO/owners and other evidence from these firms led to a conceptual framework of their high-growth experience. This framework highlighted the importance of supportive government policies; internal human resources; external relationships/networks; and the ability of management to dynamically manipulate these resources. Further, the high-growth strategies: product innovation, market expansion, remaining-in-private-ownership and strategy flexibility were underpinned by five main capabilities: innovation, financial, human, marketing and organisational. Challenges from both internal and external environments also influenced growth performance.
This conceptual framework was the source of a number of hypotheses that were then tested using a statistically valid sample of firms. A survey was conducted on technology-based firms in the two countries. A total of 163 responses were collected from key decision makers in these firms. The empirical results showed different impacts of the dimensions mentioned in performance in the two countries. Due to limited responses in Malaysia (n=53), conclusions could only be made based on the New Zealand context (n=110). Product innovation was found to be a major strategy for
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all technology-based firms regardless of their performance. However, the results suggest that growth challenges have greater influence on high-growth firms than on firms with lower growth. The model has significantly higher statistical power when applied to a sample of high-growth firms, confirming differences between the two groups.
This thesis has significant theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical viewpoint, this study provides detailed evaluation on the growth determinants from a process perspective. All the resources identified in the qualitative study influenced some of the capabilities, and the innovation, marketing and human capabilities each had significant relationships with the growth strategies implemented. The performance of technology-based firms was influenced by three major strategies: market expansion, product innovation and remaining-in-private-ownership, and also by two growth challenges: financial barriers and external environment effects. The results also indicate that success of the market expansion strategy is tied to product innovation strategy, while remaining-in-private-ownership is positively related to performance. As such, technology-based firms should give priority to product innovation strategy in pursuing better performance. From a practical viewpoint, these findings indicate that the competitiveness of technology-based firms can be enhanced by working closely with key stakeholders who provide growth resources, and developing critical capabilities to assist the right strategies for better performance.
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Nagata, Yoshiyuki. "Alternative education : global perspectives relevant to the Asia-Pacific Region /." Dordrecht : Springer : Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0824/2007416636-t.html.
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McCord, Patrick James. "Subcontractor perspectives factors that most affect their relationships with general contractors, a Pacific Northwest study /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/P_McCord_042110.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in architecture)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 21, 2010). "School of Architecture and Construction Management." Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97).
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Park, Jongdo. "A Christian perspective on violence : Stanley Hauerwas and the Korean church." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602027.
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This dissertation is a study about Stanley Hauerwas' Christian social ethics on violence, and its relevance and contribution to the Korean Protestant church in overcoming its social ethical problems, its compromised and distorted teaching on violence, and misunderstanding of Christian pacifism; as well as rediscovering its own identity and distinctiveness. The primary reason for adopting and applying Hauerwas' social ethics in the Korean church is that his account of violence is not simply a portrayal of an ethic of war, but rather an attempt to create a new paradigm of Christian ethics, a rediscovery of the church's identity and social ethical task, of Christians' primary loyalty, and a community's practices and discipleship for peacemaking. The weakness in the Korean church's distinctive theological teaching on social ethics and war involves secular ethics, and has resulted in its becoming compromised and distorted with secularism, humanism, anticommunist ideology and survivalist nuclear pacifism. The Korean church's perspective on violence is based on a sociopolitical and geopolitical situation rather than Christian convictions and practices. As a result the church has failed to build up a distinctive moral community to witness to the peaceable kingdom. Hauerwas' account of Christian pacifism can help the Korean church 'to be the church' for peacemaking in a violent world. The thesis consists of nine chapters divided into three parts. Part One is to examine and analyse critically the social ethical problems of the Korean church in the theological, historical, socio-political and military context. Part Two discusses Hauerwas' understanding of ethics, of character, Christian social ethics, the Christian community's practices and life of nonviolence, and Christian pacifism. Also considered are his theological politics, the church as a social ethic, a Christian challenge to conventional decision-making ethics, the social responsibility of the church, and the controversial argument regarding just war and pacifism. Part Three deals with how Hauerwas' social ethics could be relevant to the Korean Christian context. In spite of the limitation of his overemphasis on the distinctiveness of the Christian community, and probable difficulty with such a concept within this Third World culture, his account of nonviolence could constructively contribute in overcoming the social ethical dilemmas as to evangelism or social responsibility, and just war or nuclear pacifism, as well as leading the Korean church to rediscover the focus of the Christian community's task for peacemaking in our violent world.
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Monago, Emily A. "University Diversity Training Needs Assessment: The Perspectives of African, Latina/o, Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native American Students." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206331223.
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Hall, David Edward. "Sustainability from the Perspectives of Indigenous Leaders in the Bioregion Defined by the Pacific Salmon Runs of North America." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2569.
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Extensive research suggests that the collective behavior of humanity is on an unsustainable path. As the evidence mounts and more people awaken to this reality, increased attention is being dedicated to the pursuit of answers for a just and sustainable future. This dissertation grew from the premise that effectively moving towards sustainability requires change at all levels of the dominant Western culture, including deeply held worldviews. The worldviews of many indigenous cultures offer alternative values and beliefs that can contribute to addressing the root causes of problems related to sustainability. In the bioregion defined by the Pacific Salmon runs of North America there is a rich heritage and modern day presence of diverse indigenous cultures. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 indigenous leaders from within this bioregion to explore their mental models of sustainability. These interviews followed a general structure that covered: (a) the personal background and community affiliation of each interviewee; (b) the meaning of the concept of sustainability from their perspective; (c) visions of a sustainable future for their communities; and, (d) how to achieve such a future.
A content analysis of the interviews was conducted and summarized into a narrative organized to correspond with the general interview structure. A process oftestimonial validity established that most participants found the narrative to be an accurate representation of their perspectives. Participant feedback led to several phrasing changes and other identified issues are discussed, including one participant's critique of the narrative's use of a first-person plural voice. Major themes from the interviews include the role of the human being as caretaker actively participating in the web of life, the importance of simultaneously restoring culture and ecology due to their interdependence, the need to educate and build awareness, and the importance of cooperation. Understanding who we are as a living species, including our profound connection with nature, along with a holistic and intergenerational perspective are suggested as prerequisite for balancing and aligning human modes of being with the larger patterns of life. The closing discussion addresses the importance of social action and going beyond a conceptual understanding to an embodiment of sustainability.
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Bradley, Jennifer R. "Building inclusive boards : the perspectives of nonprofit leaders and prospective board members." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/700.
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Although the population of the United States is becoming increasingly diverse, data on the composition of nonprofit boards nationally indicate a persistent pattern of under-representation of minority groups. This exploratory study was conducted in a large metropolitan area with a diverse population. The research investigated board diversity with a small sample of leaders of nonprofit organizations and current or prospective board members from under-represented groups. Data were collected from nonprofit leaders by an anonymous web-based survey and from board members by telephone interview.
The research found that all the nonprofit organizations in the study served client groups that were racially and ethnically diverse. The majority of survey respondents felt that having a diverse board was important, and the lack of board diversity was a source of dissatisfaction. Overall board recruitment was reported to be difficult. The most frequent sources of new board members were referrals from current board members and personal networks. Typically, the nonprofit organizations in this study did not allocate financial resources to build board diversity. Interview participants identified the value of recruitment strategies that would expand the pool of potential board members. Other recommendations included increased attention to the process of board entry for new board members. In conclusion, it appears that building more diverse boards will require sustained efforts, but that the changes necessary to successfully include people from different cultural backgrounds will also strengthen nonprofit organizations.
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Urista, Mark A. "A study of Myspace and Facebook from the perspectives of uses and gratification and impression management." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/687.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explored MySpace and Facebook, two popular social networking sites (SNS), from the perspectives of the uses and gratification model and impression management theory. As a qualitative exploratory study, this thesis had three objectives. First, it investigated why young people use SNS. Second, it sought to discover how members use SNS for self-presentation. Finally, it aimed to contribute to the current body of literature and serve as a basis for future qualitative and quantitative studies on SNS.
The focus groups that were conducted for this thesis elicited ten themes that provided insights on the motivations and behaviors of individuals who use SNS for needs fulfillment and impression management. These themes included: 1) efficient communication, 2) convenient communication, 3) curiosity of others, 4) popularity, 5) relationship formation and reinforcement, 6) self-enhancement, 7) otherenhancement, 8) self-disclosure, 9) conformity and 1 0) identity-management.
Based on the first five themes, the study suggested that an emerging theory of instant gratification is being developed. The theory helps researchers explain why young people use SNS and predict what factors motivate young people to get ,_ involved heavily in SNS. Based on the second five themes, this study confirmed the relevance of Goffi:nan's theories of the presentation of the self in explaining how young people manage their impressions through SNS. As a powerful socialization agent, SNS provide new opportunities and diverse ways of presenting one's self online. Though there are some evident differences between online and face-to-face social interaction, it is clear that Goffman's theories will continue to help researchers explain self-presentation within the context of SNS.
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Stender, Kerstin. "The business of trails." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1957.
Full textAbstract:
Long distance trails have substantial infrastructure due to their length and provision of overnight shelters. Length and remoteness impact negatively on travel time for access, resulting in high maintenance costs. Additionally, as government budgets are declining globally, funding for trails can be difficult to source, leaving infrastructure to deteriorate.
This research investigated how long distance trails are managed, specifically from the perspective of a tourism product in a natural protected area. Global case studies were based on site visits and interviews with trail managers around the world, as well as a review of written documentation. Through comparative analysis the components of trail management were identified, such as funding, volunteering, governance, partnerships, conservation, infrastructure and tourism. These components were then analysed within the context of their political, social and environment settings. This research investigated trails internationally: Australia - Munda Biddi Trail; New Zealand - Nga Haerenga; United States of America - Arizona Trail, Appalachian Trail and Pacific Crest Trail; United Kingdom - West Highland Way; Germany/Austria - Lechweg; Europe - E-Paths; South Africa - Rim of Africa Trail and South Korea - Jeju Olle Trail.
Four business approaches to the governance of trails were identified through the analysis of trail components and the application of Eagles’ (2008a, 2009) governance model for tourism in protected areas. The four approaches are: business, community, volunteering and conservation; each based on their purpose, governing body, income, staffing, and mode of operation across tenure, among other criteria. The most financially sustainable model is the community approach, which involves a partnership between government and a not-for-profit organisation. It extends the income stream options and reduces overheads through the use of volunteers for maintenance. The level of infrastructure liability directly correlates with expense and is therefore a limiting factor for financial sustainability. Tourism strategies, such as marketing, promotion, and product and destination development, further extend the trail’s financial sustainability by maximising user numbers and partnering with businesses. This also increases regional economic benefits and improves the user experience. Transferability, generalisation and theory building of the research findings are refutable due to the small case study, but nevertheless it will fill a gap in the literature and provide ideas, concepts and governance models for trail managers to improve their trail’s financial sustainability.
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"Social dynamics in Cathay Pacific strike: a micromobilization perspective." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888441.
Full textAbstract:
by Fung Siu Yin.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [3-8] (2nd gp.)).
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two --- Theoretical Framework Beyond Resource Mobilization --- p.19
Chapter Chapter Three --- "The Cathay Strike： Background, Grievances and Confrontation" --- p.46
Chapter Chapter Four --- A Diagnosis of Cathay Pacific Corporate Culture and the Formation of Identity and Solidarity --- p.73
Chapter Chapter Five --- The Corporate Culture and the Micromobilization Process --- p.86
Chapter Chapter Six --- The Identity of Team Culture Culture of Solidarity: Camaraderie Culture --- p.110
Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion Bringing Culture back in Collective Action --- p.128
Appendix
Bibliography
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HSIU-CHIH, YEH, and 葉岫芝. "President Bush's Asia-Pacific Strategy: A "Neo-Conservatism" Perspective." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35068390525537991349.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
美國研究所
96
After the Cold War, in a period of rapid growth for Asia-Pacific economies, several threats to both regional security and U.S. national interests arose. These threats included China’s rapid transformation into a regional power, North Korea’s continuing development of nuclear weapons and unanswered questions over the sovereignty of Taiwan. In response to this newly unpredictable situation the Bush administration adjusted its policies in the Asia-Pacific region with the goal of retaining its predominant role in that region. The Bush administration’s foreign policy was heavily influenced by Neoconservative principles which emphasize a strong military, the safeguarding of American hegemony, and other interests, alongside impeding the rise of any political or military competitors that may potentially challenge U.S. dominance of the Asia-Pacific region. This thesis examines both Neoconservative principles and the “The Bush Doctrine” as factors in the molding of Bush administration foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific region. This thesis concludes that policies utilized by the Bush administration including: the “Friends of the system” tactic; the use of Six-Party talks in response to the North Korean nuclear crisis; the expansion of the US-Japan alliance, and U.S. cooperation with the Japanese in dealing with the Taiwan strait issue all demonstrate the effect of Neoconservative philosophies on the Bush administration’s policies in the region.
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Hewson, Willian David. "A perspective on urban waterfront redevelopment in the Pacific Rim." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3982.
Full textAbstract:
Once thriving Pacific Rim urban waterfronts are now abandoned, their functions left obsolete
by technological changes and industrial shifts. Formerly the economic heartbeat of the city, these
properties again have the potential to revitalize the economies of cities and to solve 20th century
social problems. Urban waterfronts are being redeveloped to address not only local and regional
problems but to serve national interests as well. The process of achieving an appropriate balance of
land uses to attain these goals is costly, complex and controversial. The purpose of this study is to
conduct a comprehensive analysis of the process of waterfront development in the Pacific Rim. The
objectives are: (1) to examine the economic, technological, social and political forces that shaped the
Pacific Rim urban waterfront; (2) to evaluate the public policies, goals and objectives, and the
effectiveness of the planning process, management structure, and development strategies used to
achieve these objectives and goals; (3) to examine the effectiveness of involving the community in the
planning process; and, (4) to evaluate the management structure and planning process.
This study was conducted through an extensive literature review; site visits to Sydney,
Brisbane, Newcastle, San Francisco and Vancouver; personal interviews; a comprehensive analysis of
planning and development documentation, government publications, and articles in newspapers,
professional magazines, journals and marketing brochures.
The primary conclusions of this study are:
(1) community involvement in the planning process at the earliest possible stages is vital;
(2) the public planning and approval process is protracted, cumbersome, expensive, inflexible and
inefficient;
(3) the planning department must take control and assume the leadership role in the process;
(4) there are four fundamental land use components to all urban waterfront development: commercial
and retail, residential, parks and open space, cultural and community benefits; (5) the three most critical requirements of urban waterfront development are public access, open space
and housing;
(6) affordable and social housing is a key ingredient;
(7) the trend for financing community amenities and public infrastructure is to have the developer
pay;
(8) the unique character and heritage of the waterfront needs to be examined before making decisions
to remove waterfront structures; and
(9) development goals and objectives must be established through a collaborative planning process to
reflect the community needs. Otherwise the project will fail.
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Zmetana, Katherine. "Reflections on change : a community-college faculty perspective." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32411.
Full textAbstract:
This phenomenological research study focused on educational change as perceived
by 16 Liberal Arts faculty members at a Pacific Northwest community college.
Research data were collected through in-depth dialogic interviews and a follow-up
dialogue session with six participants. The principal guiding research questions
comprised the following:
1) What is the context of the community college? The institution is facing
severe budgetary restrictions, widening diversity of students, the
implementation of new technologies and distance learning, changing faculty
and administrator roles, competition from the private sector, and the
redefining of the community college role.
2) What is the background of the faculty participants? In the past, faculty
have experienced a collegial culture and a shared sense of purpose, which no
longer seems to exist. Their values are deeply connected to the social
responsibilities of education and student needs, which they feel is at odds with
the trend toward commodification of education.
3) What are faculty's perceptions of change and its effects? Change is
constant; and instructors adapt incrementally. Mandated changes are seen to
have fuzzy meanings and hidden agendas, which sometimes go against the
core values of higher education.
4) What do faculty want? Faculty want to wrestle with the issues and solutions
for dealing with change collaboratively, and they need the time and space to do
so. They also want administrators to hear their voice, and to include faculty
priorities in educational decision-making.
Faculty participants had clear ideas on ways that would make the implementation
of change more successful and meaningful in their lives and in the future of their
community college:
1) Make change for a worthy or merited purpose.
2) Listen to what faculty have to say.
3) Allow faculty to wrestle with the challenges.
4) Provide faculty with support and recognition.
5) Keep student needs as a central priority.
6) Maintain the human values and social purpose of education.
Most important, faculty feel that the human element cannot be discounted or
forgotten in the rush to transform higher education, for faculty are the ones charged
with the implementation of most change initiatives and they must deal with the
consequences.Graduation date: 2002
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Chia, Daisy, and 賈晉華. "Airline Network Perspective for Airport Competition in the Asia-Pacific Region." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26210320936343142121.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
100
This study focused on 14 Asia-Pacific major airports. The airline networks of the 14 Asia-Pacific major airports for 2001, 2006, and 2011, based on OAG data, have been constructed. The trends of Asia-Pacific region airline networks were analyzed. In addition, the competitive potential of the 14 Asia-Pacific major airports was evaluated by using two kinds of centrality indices which represent, respectively, the airport direct connecting and hubbing potential. Among the 14 Asia-Pacific major airports, the result shows that three Chinese airports including Beijing Airport, Shanghai Airport, and Guangzhou Airport have the best competitive advantage, and also have the highest growth rates in the past decade. Incheon Airport has good competitive potential, and has already achieved significant advancement. In contrast, Taiwan Taoyuan Airport didn’t have the significant competitive potential as expected. Its growth in recent years depends mostly on the flights between Taiwan and China. To be competitive, we need to grasp and make full use and expansion on the part of the advantage routes, such as the routes from Southeast Asia to North America and the routes connecting to China.
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Lee, Chi-Kit, and 李志杰. "Construct and Change of China Asia-Pacific Security Strategy (1979~2004) - Comprehensive National Power Perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59884810868491594152.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
93
Abstract: China became a strong and powerful state since “Reform and Open Policy” was conducted since 1979. As an important actor in the world, Chinese development is closely linked with Asia-Pacific region. So, China Strategy in Asia-Pacific is interrelated with China domestic and overseas security, and interrelated with changing of Asia-Pacific and global situation. Since Deng, Xiao-Ping came into power in 1978 and took “Comprehensive National Power” as the core interests of China. This led to a significant change of China’s security concepts. Deng, Xiao-Ping changed the subsistence-led strategy into a development-led strategy and performed the developmental strategy of “Reform and Open” to accelerate the fulfillment of developmental object of “The Four Modernization” so as to promote China’s “Comprehensive National Power” and to conserve China’s core interests. But in phase of Deng, Xiao-Ping is not to bring up the concept of “Comprehensive National Power”, since 1992, Jiang, Ze-min just to bring up the concept of “Comprehensive National Power”. The raised of China “Comprehensive National Power” to lead Asia-Pacific appear “The China Threat Theory” in 1990’s, and to bring influence of China to development “Comprehensive National Power”. So, Jiang, Ze-min advocated “New Security Concept, NSC” to settle the pressure of “The China Threat Theory”. Since Hu, Jin-tao came into power, except to continue cooperation mode of “New Security Concept”, and expand the security contents to “non-traditional security concept”. Hu, Jin-tao as well as advocate “China’s Peaceful Rise Theory” to settle the pressure of “The China Threat Theory”, can enhance rise of China’s “Comprehensive National Power”. This research tries to use the Comprehensive National Power Perspective to construct China Security Concept, and significance of China Asia-Pacific Security Strategy in Comprehensive National Power development, hope to know well the full view of China Asia-Pacific Security Strategy. Key word: Comprehensive National Power, China security concept, China Asia-Pacific Security Strategy, The China Threat Theory, China’s Peaceful Rise Theory.
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Choi, Young Jong. "Institutionalizing Asia and the Pacific interdependence, states, and institutional preferences : Japan's policy in a comparative perspective /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43771746.html.
Full text
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Chang, Chih-Ming, and 張志銘. "The Construction of Asia-Pacific Security Under U.S.-P.R.C. Interactions－from Alexander Wendt''s Constructivism Perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59545367366532550239.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班
93
The Alexander Wendt’s Constructivism is concerned about Agent and structure of the construction relationship, it’s because of “the Agent mold Structure, Structure can also construct the Agent’s behaviors”. From this viewpoint, in the Asia-Pacific area, interactive relationship between U.S. and China not only restricts to Asia-Pacific countries’ policy output relationally but also constructs out of model of Asia-Pacific Security. At the beginning of thesis, it explains the general idea of Constructivism, and the relationships between identify and structure change. Then the major concept is adopted to express Asia-Pacific Security construction under the interactions of U.S.-P.R.C. in following chapters. Second, researching what the identified constructional model about culture in the Asia-Pacific strategy and strategic interactions under U.S. and P.R.C. is; moreover finding out what the element of identity and interest shift is. Finally, in different levels, the interactive logic of culture construction whether influence Asia-Pacific countries diplomacy interaction and policies output or not, it means that these countries, includes of Russia, Japan and Taiwan might be restricted or limited by the model of culture construction on their diplomacy policy output. From the above ratiocination, the Asia-Pacific strategic structure seems be changed by the strategic identity in different periods; conditioned by the structure, China will follow the footstep of U.S. to establish distinct culture construction, and these cultures will re-mold the relationship of security construction between U.S., P.R.C. and Asia-Pacific countries. Finally, it possibly produces the obstructions to the structure conversion; the whole culture construction would not be changed unless the new ideas or elements emerge. From Hobbes’s culture to Locke’s, the culture construction growth means that interactive relationship would improve the integration of international regime. Maybe the trend will make the whole Asia-Pacific security construction relationally stable.On the other side, the key point of the Asia-Pacific security construction is how to handle Cross-Strait question. On the other hand, how to properly handle U.S.-Japan Defense System and Cross-Strait question will be the main subject to the U.S. and P.R.C. culture construction.
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"Hong Kong's competitive position in the Asia/Pacific region: perspective of multi-national corporations' telecommunication needs." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887135.
Full textAbstract:
by Johnathan, Wong Ho-Man, Sin Wai-Kit.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii
PREFACE --- p.ix
CHAPTER
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Importance of MNCs --- p.1
MNCs' Regional Headquarters Location Decisions --- p.2
Business/Technology Trends and Telecommunications --- p.3
Trends in the Telecommunications Industry --- p.5
The Asia Pacific Era and Telecommunications --- p.6
Competition with Telecommunications --- p.6
Research Questions --- p.7
Organization of This Paper --- p.7
Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.9
Setting the Scene --- p.9
Literature Review --- p.10
Personal Interviews --- p.11
Chapter III. --- REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS LOCATION DECISION OF MNCS --- p.16
Functions of a Regional Headquarters --- p.16
Profile of MNCs' Regional Headquarters in Hong Kong and Singapore --- p.17
Factors in the Regional Headquarters Location Decision --- p.18
Comparative Advantages of Hong Kong and Singapore --- p.20
Common Strengths --- p.20
Common Weaknesses --- p.21
Unique Attractions and Operation Relocation Patterns --- p.21
Administrative Headquarters vs Telecommunications Hub --- p.22
Summary --- p.24
Chapter IV. --- TELECOMMUNICATIONS NEEDS OF MNCS --- p.25
General Observations --- p.25
Role of Telecommunications --- p.27
Applications and Use of Telecommunications Services --- p.28
"Issues in Telecom Planning, Implementation, and Management" --- p.31
Quality in Delivery of Telecommunications Services --- p.31
Quality in Customer Service --- p.31
Basic Needs --- p.32
Provision of Value-Added Professional Services --- p.32
One-Stop Shopping and Support --- p.33
Flexibility --- p.33
Availability --- p.33
Capacity --- p.34
Other Issues --- p.34
Summary --- p.34
Chapter V. --- TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURES/DEVELOPMENTS --- p.36
Country Status Review --- p.36
Japan --- p.37
Australia --- p.37
South Korea --- p.38
Singapore --- p.38
Hong Kong --- p.39
Country Performance as Assessed by MNCs --- p.40
Chapter VI. --- LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES --- p.44
Time of Changes --- p.44
Historical Background --- p.45
Liberalization Trend --- p.46
HKTI Franchise --- p.46
External Pressure --- p.47
Newcomers --- p.48
Political Issue --- p.48
Interview Input --- p.49
Second Physical Network --- p.50
Deregulated Scenario --- p.50
Scheme of Control --- p.52
Regulatory Framework --- p.53
Chapter VII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.54
Hong Kong Telecom and Hong Kong Telecom International --- p.54
"Policy : Market Review, Transparency and Government Initiative" --- p.54
Regulatory Bodies --- p.56
Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.58
Chapter APPENDIX A. --- Telecommunications Infrastructures and Services --- p.61
Chapter APPENDIX B. --- List of Interview Subjects --- p.63
Chapter APPENDIX C. --- Question Areas for MNC Interviews --- p.66
Chapter APPENDIX D. --- Convergence Pattern of Interviewee Referrals --- p.68
Chapter APPENDIX E. --- Cover Letter for Interview Request --- p.69
Chapter APPENDIX F. --- Heenan's 16 Dimensions in the MNC Survey --- p.70
Chapter APPENDIX G. --- Tables --- p.71
Chapter APPENDIX H. --- Glossary of Telecommunications Terms --- p.78
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.79
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Lai, Ming-Yung, and 賴明勇. "Exploring the Case Study of the Asia Pacific Telecom in Taiwan Telecom Industry:a service Marketing Perspective." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3tudsc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
103
Abstract After the policy of reformation and opening of Taiwan's telecommunications market several times, the telecommunications companies had expanded market share through the integration and sale of franchises. The headquarters changes the franchising contract frequently after the substantial growth of the users, which leads to the distrust between the headquarters and the chain stores. This study has two purposes. First, we try to explore the business issue of the Taiwan telecommunications industry through the framework of service marketing. Second, we expect to provide effective solutions to solve the exiting managerial problems. This study conducted Yin’s qualitative case study, investigating the case of Asia-Pacific Telecommunications, to collect data by using the marketing 7P framework, combined with in-depth interviews. The results indicate key issues in the service marketing of 7Ps:(Product): assisting franchisees to reduce their stock by increasing turnovers; (Price) : offering innovative products with higher pricing; (place): managing effectively channel members by building fair platform for competition and by creating bigger market share; (promotion): launching creative campaigns for acquiring new customer; (people): recruiting potential candidates and on-job training professional sales people; (process): building up standard operating procedures(SOP) for personal selling and after sales service in maintenance; (physical environment): constructing friendly experiencing environment with the atmosphere of cooperate social responsibility. The study suggests that the industry stakeholders-government, consumers telecom companies and their franchisees- have to face those issues and further provide effective solution from the perspectives of policy and practices so as to develop the whole industrial structures with justice and fairness.
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Suen, Hao-Ren, and 孫晧人. "The Change of the Bush Administration’s Asian-Pacific Strategy Pre- and Post-“911”: An “Offensive Realism” Perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85957334261127770417.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
美國研究所
98
Upon assuming the office in 2001, facing with the security uncertainty in the Asia-Pacific region and the rise of China that might become the U. S.’s potential rivalry in the region prompted the Bush’s Administration to treat China as both a “strategic competitor” in the U. S.-Sino relationship and a primary axis of its Asia-Pacific security strategy. After the “9/11” incident and under its necessity to fight terrorism, the Bush government sought cooperation from the great powers in the Asia-Pacific region, including China, to form anti-terrorism coalitions. However, with the coalitions, the Bush government later garrisoned military forces in China’s backyard—the Central Asia, and suggested, in its 2006 National Security Strategy report, the potential threats from the great powers due to China’s military development in the region. This research explores the Bush Government’s cooperating and competing policy strategy, the contributing factors, and the change of its Asia-Pacific strategy after the “9/11 incident” within the realm of “Realism” and based on the core concept of the “Offensive Realism” approach, such as the unpredictable intentions among nations, the unavoidable conflicts, and regional hegemonies’ adoption of the “Offshore Balancing” strategy on external affairs. Under the “Offensive Realism” framework, it examines the revision of the Bush government’s Asia-Pacific strategy that embraced three major issues: 1) strengthening the U.S.-Japan relationship as specified in the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan; 2) solving the nuclear weapon crisis of the North Korea; and 3) coping with China’s rise, along with the residual effect of its Asia-Pacific strategic deployment. The research finds that, after the “9/11”, the U. S. relied more and more on its “Offshore Balancing” policy given its geographic feature and economic downturn. The Administration’s phased anti-terrorism coalition and cognitive Asian-Pacific strategy based on the “Offensive Realism” had not only aroused high concerns from China, the Central Asia, and the Southeast Asia, but also become its objective of containing the great powers in the Asia-Pacific region.
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YANG, LI-YEN, and 楊力諺. "An Analysis of PLA’s Thinking and Combat Capability in the West Pacific from the Perspective of Clausewitz." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16744487170240851795.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學政治作戰學院
政治研究所
104
As PRC accelerates its military modernization, its maritime combat capability has been escalated by days. The PLA’s military strategy has also been modified from "Coastal Defense", "Offshore Defense" to "Ocean Escorts”. Following on this strategy, as a result, PLA’s maritime combat ranges has been continually expanded. The former Navy commander of PRC, Liu Hua-qing, proposed that "In the early 21st century, we will control the first island chain, the second island chain in 2020, and we will navigate globally by 2050." Based on Liu’s strategic thinking, the three-step vision becomes the strategic goal for PLA’s maritime combat forces. In 2014, PRC held the Fourteenth West Pacific Naval Conference for the first time in order to set up the rules of engagement for naval ships in the region. PRC also participated the 2014 Pacific multinational joint military exercises led by the US. In this military exercise, PLA showed its ambition to the Pacific by sending its ships to join the military exercise as an observer. In tradition, the observer does not send the ship. Currently, PLA is also actively escalating its capability of Blue-water navy. Most of the studies of the maritime capability are based on Sea Power Theory. However, modern battle had broken the traditional ideas of single army and single field in a battle. Sea Power can no longer support the multi-dimensional modern warfare. Secondly, the purpose of the PLA developing its maritime power is different from the other countries. The first priority of PLA is to protect its sovereignty and territory from any invasion and intervention from the foreign countries. If the war erupted in the west Pacific Rim, it will not only happen on the sea but also include invading other countries. Based on the aforementioned perspective, in terms of war theories, this research will be based on Clausewitz’s “On War” to explain the basic idea and the capability of PLA. To be more specific, this research will combine the ideas of the essence of war, defense, offense from Clausewitz and Active defense from the strategic thinking of PLA to illustrate the picture and the purpose of PLA of the possible war in the west Pacific Rim.
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Shih, Weichieh, and 石為杰. "Study on the Implication of China's Peaceful Rise: Perspective of the China Threat Theory and US Pacific Strategy." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04424951120201166243.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
101
After China’s rise since the Reform and Open-up policy in 1978, the world situation has encountered a significant change, which not only influences the distribution of power in the international system, but also makes China become a powerful state in Asian region with its increasing development. To correspond to the discussion of 「China Threat Theory」in the international society, China has put forward「Peaceful Rise」in 2003, then changed it into「Peaceful Development」 thereafter in 2005. Ever since china adheres to peaceful development, the relationship between the U.S. and China is moving toward a trend of competition and cooperation. However, the U.S. puts its global strategy back to the east the last few years, still can see the U.S. regards China as a frienemy, which shows that the Asian-pacific strategy of the U.S. will be a great change in its national defense. With regard to China’s quick rise, the U.S. starts to reappraise the impact of china’s rise; therefore, the status of Asia-pacific region in the global strategies of the U.S. is getting more and more important. The U.S. is also forced to engage in Asian affairs more actively then before. The U.S.’s alliances in Asia-pacific region, which are the foundation in setting up its status in the Asia-pacific region, help the U.S. project its global strategies. The one hand, using the global strategies to maintain a United States dominance in Asia, on the other hand, through the strategies to prevent the threat of China's rise. In the future, China will be the major challenge to the U.S. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss whether China is rising peacefully or not, and to observe that the strategies which are developed by the U.S. in response to China’s rise are carrying out likely or not.
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Song, Xiao-Chuan, and 宋小川. "The Strategic Interaction between China and the U.S. in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Perspective of“Power Transition”." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5hj5t6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
東亞學系
105
The “power transition” between the “rising power” and “hegemonic power” in history pushes forward the development of international politics. As the two most powerful countries in the Asia-Pacific region, China and the United States and their bilateral relations have influenced the Asia-Pacific region deeply. Since the end of the Cold War, China has strengthened its power and reduced the gap with the United States in terms of the “hard power” of international politics, i.e. economic and military power. The “power transition” between China and the United States is in progress and thus becomes a topic that deserves further research. It is also evident that the “power transition” between China and the United States has great impact on the Asia-Pacific region: the situation on the Korean peninsula, the Taiwan issue, and the South China Sea issue are all affected by Sino - U.S. relations. In the foreseeable future, Sino - U.S. relations will still maintain both competitive and cooperative. The stable development of Sino - U.S. relation is undoubtedly crucial to solving the“hot issues”and maintaining the peace of the Asia-Pacific region.
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CHEN, KUO-LUNG, and 陳國龍. "Australia''s Asia-Pacific Security Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era - An Analysis of the Perspective of Geostrategy." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11607223215509707908.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所
90
Australia’s national security is indivisible from its immediate geostrategic region and geography is the single most important determinant of Australian Strategy. Though there is no direct threat to the Australian continent in the Post-cold War Era, Australia’s national security will be threatened if there is a general breakdown in security of the wider region. Therefore, the first and foremost object of Australia’s defense strategy is to ensure that regional peace and stability are maintained. Growing economic relativities shape Australia’s strategic posture, thus drive Australia’s engagement with Asia-Pacific region. A complex five-sided balance of power is be emerging in the Asia-Pacific region involving China, Japan. India, Russia and United States. If the regional balance of power shifts towards a major Asian power, e.g. China, it will heighten Australia’s sense of insecurity and vulnerability. As many powers in Asia-Pacific region modernize their defense capabilities, there is a strategic concern of Australia’s military technology edge. The abovementioned changes in the strategic landscape have made Australia embark upon a four-dimensional strategy: (1) the maintenance of a strong military capability; (2)the maintenance of a security alliance with the United Stated; (3) adoption of a regional defense posture; (4)support for multilateral regional security mechanism such as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). With Australia’s strategic environment and Asia-Pacific security situation in the Post cold-War Era, Australia embarks upon a Asia-Pacific security strategy under the principles of national security strategy: (1) reinforcement of traditional alliance; (2) promotion of bilateral security relations with Asia-Pacific region nations; (3) support for multilateral regional security mechanism in Asia-Pacific region; (4) participation of UN peacekeeping. Strategically, Australia continues to see the United States as the ultimate security guarantor, regional balancer and as the linchpin of regional security. Australia also constructs a web of bilateral defense ties within it’s immediate region. For example, the signing of a security treaty with Indonesia, upgrading of security ties with Japan, and establishment of bilateral political-military dialogues with China, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines and India. In sense, Australia’s security links with United States served to facilitate greater Australian defense cooperation with South-East Asian nations. Australia supported the establishment of ARF in the belief that both multilateralism and bilateralism are essential for regional security and regional resilience. The consideration is that the mix of national, bilateral, regional and multilateral approaches should be seen as a multi-tiered interlocking regional security framework and each complements the other in defending Australia, and each progresses in parallel with the other. On the other hand, even if one element fails, others will sustain. In the consideration that unrest in the immediate nations will threaten Australia’s national security, Australia participates UN peacekeeping in it’s immediate nations, such as in East Timor.
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McKenzie, Caitlyn Jane. "Improving access to Foreign Direct Investment for Pacific Island Countries: Pursuit of International Investment Agreements from a development perspective." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/264762.
Full textAbstract:
With aims of economic development and its associated benefits,
most countries have established networks of treaties, inclusively
termed International Investment Agreements (IIAs), which
liberalise, promote, protect and regulate investment flows
between the parties. The average number of Bilateral Investment
Treaties concluded and in force per country is around 11. Except
for Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Island States each have 1
(three of 16 included States) or no IIAs in force – limiting
access and control over incoming international investment in
their economies.
This paper analyses the potential of IIAs in promoting Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI), economic development and its associated
benefits in Pacific island nations. It examines the existing IIAs
reached by Pacific island countries and compares them with IIAs
in place in other Small Island Developing States outside the
Pacific. Finally, it explores the best practices for the design
of a model IIA which might be suited to the investment and
development policies, and particular economic conditions of
Pacific island states, with the explicit aim of enhancing the
contributions to the development outcomes of those economies.
This research uses treaty analysis alongside social and political
science approaches to development and economic data. Key legal
sources include identified treaties and their mapping data from
the UNCTAD database, economic data, arbitral proceedings and
awards, and public policy statements on foreign investment from
Pacific island countries. It will assume underlying principles of
sovereign self-determination and pursuit of the Sustainable
Development Goals.
Included economies: Cook Islands; Fiji; Kiribati; Micronesia,
Federated States of; Marshall Islands; Nauru; Niue; Palau; Papua
New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Timor; Tonga; Tuvalu;
Vanuatu.
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Auvaʼa, Enosa. "Aspiring towards principalship : a Pacific Island perspective. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Educational Leadership and Management, Unitec Institute of Technology [i.e. Unitec New Zealand] /." Diss., 2008. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=unitec_educ_di.
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Lin, Tung-Jung, and 林東榮. "Assessment from a tourism perspective Asia Pacific low-cost airlines and rising on Taiwan study on the impact of the aviation industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sc6de2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
觀光事業學系
102
Low cost aviation this noun for body at Taiwan most of people, seems to also is smattering, actually, so-called of low cost aviation, in Americas has success operating has 43 years, as June 17, 2014 check, Asia-Pacific area total 67 home low cost aviation, has entered Taiwan market of meter 13 home, respectively for Singapore nationality of cool airlines and the Tiger aviation, and Malaysia nationality of Asia aviation, and Australia nationality of Czech star aviation, and Japan nationality of Le peach aviation and the vanilla aviation, and Philippines nationality of bed and breakfasts fog aviation, and Korea National Louis Aviation, Dillon, aviation and air Busan, China's juneyao airlines and Hong Kong Express airlines, Spring Airlines. This study from the Taiwan tourism industry's perspective, examining Asia-Pacific low cost airlines to enter Taiwan market Taiwan traditional aviation impact, based on principles of purposive sampling, through interviews with tourism-related businesses. Interviews with 8 senior tourism industry this study, average length of 17.3 each interview is between 60-150Minutes. Research results displayed, low cost aviation aviation advantage for: tickets fare low, and Shi has more low price tickets promotions, and more early booking fare more low; disadvantage for: no free meals, and landed non-main city, and landed secondary airport; development opportunities for: service care price of guest, and through Alliance sought more big of development space; competition threat for: in machine service personnel reduced, quality discount, and occurred crash chances high. Taiwan traditional air advantage: changes sufficient good quality of service, flight attendants, ticket fees lower, disadvantage: higher fare, development opportunities for: service guests of care services, to join international airline alliances to increase opportunities for cooperation, a subsidiary low cost airlines market competitive threat: HR high ticket costs, low-cost airline into divided Taiwan market. Suggested that the aviation industry: implementation of education and training, Improving the quality of service, decent attitude, meal popularity.
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Chen, Chiang-Lin, and 陳江麟. "Examining the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Convention and International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas from an International Regimes Perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16210940458169781035.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
國際事務研究所碩士班
97
In globalized era, international resource of tuna is facing extinct crisis so far. Although Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Convention (WCPFC) and International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) have done their best to improve the policies and measures of nursing for tunas, their effects were still restricted. Therefore, the thesis uses unprecedented and brand-new view which is the theory of international regimes from Professor Peter Kien-hong Yu to survey the condition of working of two international tuna organizations. It will be expected to protect and maintain the lives and surroundings of tunas. Finally, the research leads to three assumptions: First is that the function of working and the measures of nursing tunas were more perfect if you use the theory of Yu’s international regimes to survey WCPFC and ICCAT. Second is that the disadvantages and shortcomings of WCPFC and ICCAT would expose if you use this way. Third is that we can provide a new approach of research for international tuna organizations (such as WCPFC and ICCAT). Besides, it was a new breakthrough for the theories and concepts of international regimes if the process of analysis was successful. After the test of logic inference, the research show the international regimes can make the measures of nursing tunas of this two international tuna organizations more perfect and reveal the disadvantages of policies of managing tunas. Finally, the success of analysis makes the research of international tuna organizations more complete and also make the theories and concepts of international regimes have a new developmental direction.
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Moglia, Magnus Mikael. "Water management in the developing town: a complex systems perspective." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8971.
Full textAbstract:
Provision of water services is a critical strategy for addressing worldwide poverty, and this is one of the most pressing challenges of current times and is linked to population growth and climate change. Progress has been slow in achieving even the Millennium Development Goals aimed at improving coverage of adequate water services and professionals are struggling to cope with the diversity and scale of situations. Water services provision is a context-dependent process and many types of situations are very challenging, such as that of small developing towns. This thesis addresses the problems of urban centres in Pacific Island Countries and the aim is to provide formal explanations of difficulties in these locations to support recommendations that recognize local constraints and opportunities to best practice management. This is achieved largely by employing a perspective based on the science of Complex Adaptive Systems. This perspective has been
chosen in recognition that water management incorporates complex interactions between social, technical and natural systems. The research is case study based, focusing primarily on Tarawa in the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati. The methodology includes historical review of the case study, and the use of historical review, as well as interviews and observation in the field as well as a cross-cutting email-based Delphi survey. This has generated qualitative and quantitative data to allow for the formulation of scientific models, an Agent Based Model describing the complex interactions involved in water service delivery; and Bayesian Network models describing the factors impacting on the chances of successful management interventions. With improved explanation of the complex situation, this has been used to support the formulation of a strategic and adaptive governance framework; aiming to introduce much needed organisational memory, and a consistent strategic direction set on the basis of the effective stakeholder interaction. By recognising weakness in capacity, it is possible to turn these into strengths by building and utilising local knowledge and commitment.Pascal Perez
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Paulsen, Irene Kmudu. "Negotiating pathways: rethinking collaborative partnerships to improve the educational outcomes of Pacific Islander young people in Melbourne’s Western region." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32298/.
Full textAbstract:
For many Pacific Islander (PI) people, the decision to migrate to a well-developed country is often associated with hopes for increased access to education, health and employment opportunities. Despite almost forty years of continuous migration, PI learners in Australia continue to achieve low educational outcomes, poor transitions to higher education and unsustainable employment. This study aimed to investigate patterns of engagement, achievement and transition of PI learners at the secondary school level, working with fourteen PI learners from Melbourne’s western metropolitan region. Using a case study methodology, the study investigated the impact of learners’ ‘lived in’ experiences on their educational trajectories. This methodology fitted well with the study’s aim to collect in-depth and rich data and utilise a narrative writing approach. Data was analysed using constant comparison methods and cross-case analysis to extract common themes which were then compared with relevant literature and the empirical data to identify common patterns of school engagement, achievement and post-school pathways of PI.
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Corbett, Jack. "Practising politics in the Pacific islands : insider perspectives." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149846.
Full textAbstract:
Politicians are influential yet contentious figures whose daily activities are the subject of considerable speculation and intrigue, and whose motivations are often denigrated as morally questionable, if not reprehensible. While conjecture about the value of politicians has an easy resonance with democratic politics everywhere, it has particular significance in the Pacific Islands where the influence of institutional transfer and the precepts of development tend to cast political practice, and by extension the politicians who undertake the job, as having been corrupted or diverted from their ideal purpose. Largely missing from these accounts are the views and reflections of politicians themselves, their stories and experiences. In this thesis I seek to understand political life in the Pacific Islands from a politician-centred perspective. Through an examination of recorded life histories and other publically available sources, in-depth interviews and observation, I draw together a collective portrait that describes how politicians enter politics, how they see their work, including their triumphs and disappointments, and explores why they seek election, and why they ultimately leave. What emerges from this portrait is a picture of a group of people undertaking a job that is both functional and intrinsically meaningful. I argue that popular negativity directed at politicians in the Pacific Islands stems from the distinctive nature of post-independence which generates unfavourable comparisons between contemporary politicians and a valorised first generation of political leaders; and pejorative comparisons between the practice of politics in the Pacific and ideal leadership models, including 'professionalised' politicians and more recently 'mobilising' or 'developmental' leaders. More generally, I argue that attempts to define the value of politicians in political theory tend to focus heavily on the figure of the politician, rather than the people themselves, and by extension dehumanise political practice and devalue the importance of endeavour to the purpose and function of politics and its associated institutions. Building on the findings of similar politician-centred studies from elsewhere, I conclude that revaluing endeavour, defined by the willingness of politicians to be involved, deepens our understanding of political life and allows us to reclaim respect for the people who occupy public office. - provided by Candidate.
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"A study on the perspectives of Asia-Pacific telecommunications." 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889495.
Full textAbstract:
by Lo Leung Shing.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
ABSTRACT --- p.III
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.VI
LIST OF TABLES --- p.VII
PREFACE --- p.VIII
Chapter CHAPTER I- --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER II - --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.3
The Telecommunications Industry --- p.3
The Asia-Pacific Region --- p.5
The Asia-PACIFIC Telecommunications Industry --- p.8
Demand for Telecommunications --- p.8
Size of the Telecommunications Market --- p.10
Chapter CHAPTER III - --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15
Quantitative Analysis --- p.15
Literature Review --- p.15
Variables --- p.16
Data Sources --- p.17
Scope of Industry Segment --- p.18
Countries Selection --- p.18
Time Span --- p.18
Analysis Method --- p.19
Hypotheses --- p.19
Infrastructure size --- p.19
Traffic --- p.21
Financial performance --- p.22
Potential demand --- p.22
Qualitative Analysis --- p.23
Literature Review --- p.25
Analysis Method --- p.26
Limitation of the Study --- p.26
Chapter CHAPTER IV- --- QUANTITATIVE STUDY --- p.28
Data analysis --- p.28
Infrastructure size --- p.28
Traffic --- p.34
Financial Performance --- p.35
Potential Demand --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER V - --- QUALITATIVE STUDY --- p.38
Background of the interviewees --- p.38
Company A --- p.38
Company B --- p.39
Company C --- p.39
Findings --- p.40
Strategic Directions --- p.40
Asia-Pacific operation --- p.40
Global strategy on infrastructure acquisition --- p.41
How to forecast Asia development --- p.42
Competitive advantage --- p.42
Perspectives on the Asia-Pacific Market --- p.42
Technology development in Asia --- p.42
Industrial Environment in Asia-Pacific --- p.43
Deregulation --- p.44
Chapter CHAPTER VI - --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION --- p.46
Opportunities --- p.46
Threats --- p.47
Final Words --- p.48
APPENDIX 1- SAMPLE INVITATION LETTER AND INTERVIEW QUESTIONS --- p.50
APPENDIX 2- DEFINITIONS FOR SELECTED TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDICATORS --- p.53
APPENDIX 3 - DATA TABLE FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS --- p.55
Fixed Line Tele-density --- p.55
Mobile Tele-density --- p.55
Local Traffic per Inhabitant (calls) --- p.56
International Traffic (minutes per inhabitant) --- p.55
Annual Fixed Line Subscription Fee out of GDP per capita --- p.57
Industrial Revenue out of Investment --- p.57
GDP per capita (US --- p.58
Service output --- p.58
Trade value over GDP --- p.59
APPENDIX 4 - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS EXAMPLE (H1 IN HONG KONG)… --- p.60
APPENDIX 5 - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS TABLE --- p.62
APPENDIX 6 - ASIA-PACIFIC CABLE MAP --- p.68
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.69
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Sami, Janesh. "New perspectives on current account dynamics in the Pacific Island economies." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1335898.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The objective of this thesis is to empirically investigate the sustainability, determinants, and growth impact of current account deficit (CAD) in the six Pacific Island Economies (PIEs). Following the outbreak of Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2007, current account position of many economies around the world has deteriorated. Within the developing economies, the PIEs experienced exceptionally large CAD. This alongside escalating external debt levels since 2005, amidst volatile economic growth rates and political instability has placed pressured on fixed exchange regime and exacerbated economic vulnerability for the PIEs. Existing time series data suggest that CAD is not a new recent phenomenon, since these economies have been experiencing worsening current account position as early as the 1980s. Given the low levels of private investment and savings, large deficit in the PIEs is driven by fiscal imbalances and consumption spending. Furthermore, existing studies have shown that CAD reduces savings and raise external debt in the PIEs. In light of these macroeconomic policy challenges, this thesis undertakes three empirical studies on the sustainability, determinants, and growth effects of CAD in the PIEs in the post-independence period (1970-2013). The first empirical essay investigates the sustainability of CAD in the PIEs. In the first part of the essay, sustainability of CAD is investigated using qualitative approach that involves analysing changes in CAD relative to developments in different economic, political, and structural aspects of the economies over time. The analysis suggests that CAD is unsustainable. In the second part of the essay, linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration test of Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) and nonlinear ARDL cointegration test of Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) are employed. It is found that necessary condition for intertemporal budget constraint (IBC) to hold is not met in the PIEs. In the third part of the essay, based on the sub-sample analysis (2007-2013), it is shown that CAD has been unsustainable in post-GFC period. The results are shown to be robust to use of alternative econometric methodology and choice of theoretical framework and variable measurement. In the fourth part of the essay, the traditional Husted (1992) model is extended to incorporate remittances, in order to examine its role in addressing unsustainable CAD in the PIEs. The empirical analysis indicates that: a) CAD in the PIEs has been on an unsustainable path over the last four decades; b) Consideration of economic, political, structural aspects of the economy enhances the analysis of current account sustainability; c) CAD in the post – GFC period has been unsustainable in the PIEs, suggesting that recent foreign borrowing made by the PIEs has been against an unsustainable external position; d) Remittances cannot help address unsustainable CAD in the PIEs. The second empirical essay investigates the determinants of CAD in the six PIEs using unbalanced panel dataset over the post-independence period. This essay extends upon previous work on developing economies; however, derives and uses a new broad reduced-form specification to investigate the underlying determinants of CAD in the PIEs. By resorting to non-stationary panel data analysis and accounting for possible cross-sectional dependency, cross-country heterogeneity, endogeneity, the essay finds that the real exchange rate is the major determinant of CAD in the PIEs. This finding is robust to a number of robustness checks such as: a) controlling for additional variables, nonlinearity and persistency; b) controlling for presence of interactive effects; c) controlling for different sample period; d) controlling for country-sample bias; e) controlling for the impact of the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) and GFC; f) controlling for different variable measurements; and g) controlling for measurement errors and presence of outliers. The essay also finds that political instability interacts with the fiscal deficit and worsens the current account position of the PIEs. The third empirical essay investigates the impact of CAD in the balance of payment (BOP) for economic growth in the PIEs. While there has been emerging interest in CAD in an open economy macroeconomics context, its growth consequences are yet to be understood. Employing the theoretic framework of Thirlwall (1979) and recently developed unit root and cointegration test with multiple structural breaks, this essay shows the significance of addressing BOP constraint to achieve economic growth in the PIEs over the post-independence period. The results indicate that economic growth in majority of the PIEs over the last four decades have been constrained by CAD in the BOP. The three empirical essays have important implications from a theoretical, empirical and policy perspective. The major contribution of the first essay is that it illustrates that CAD in the PIEs has been unsustainable over the last four decades and even since the outbreak of the GFC. This does not only imply that recent foreign borrowing has been made against unsustainable external position but also suggests that past macroeconomic policy reforms have failed to address persistent CAD in the PIEs. More importantly, these findings warn that in absence of major policy reforms in the near future to improve external sector performance (that is, to boost exports earnings), the PIEs are likely to face serious challenges in meeting their external debt obligations. The major contribution of the second essay is that it derives and employs a new specification that incorporates recent theoretical developments and uses recently developed panel methods to investigate CAD for a developing region unexplored in the literature. The major implication of findings from the second essay is the need for political, fiscal and exchange rate reforms in the PIEs to ensure political stability, curb real exchange-rate overvaluation, and maintain fiscal discipline to address the region’s persistent CAD. The major contribution of the third essay is that it carefully analyses the time series and cointegration properties considering possible presence of structural breaks and shows the importance of addressing CAD in order to improve economic growth prospects in the PIEs. Thus, in order to relax the BOP constraint, policy makers should identify and develop sectors that could generate high-value exports (through establishments of tax free zones and provision of better transport infrastructure, etc) and improve export growth. Growth strategies by the PIEs that focus solely on supply-side factors (inputs, technology, etc) and ignore the BOP constraint are likely to result limited success.
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Cheng, Sheng Yang, and 盛仰正. "The Perspectives of Japan’s Asia-Pacific Strategy before and after September 11th Incident." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29743998091587874247.
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