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1
Sinn, Elizabeth. "Pacific Ocean." Pacific Historical Review 83, no. 2 (November 2012): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.2.220.
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This article takes a broad look at the Pacific Ocean in relation to Chinese migration. As trade, consumption and capital flows followed migrants, powerful networks were woven and sustained; in time, the networks fanned across the Pacific from British Columbia along the West Coast of the United States to New Zealand and Australia. The overlapping personal, family, financial, and commercial interests of Chinese in California and those in Hong Kong, which provide the focus of this study, energized the connections and kept the Pacific busy and dynamic while shaping the development of regions far beyond its shores. The ocean turned into a highway for Chinese seeking Gold Mountain, marking a new era in the history of South China, California, and the Pacific Ocean itself.
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Kajtar, Jules B., Agus Santoso, Matthew H. England, and Wenju Cai. "Indo-Pacific Climate Interactions in the Absence of an Indonesian Throughflow." Journal of Climate 28, no. 13 (July 1, 2015): 5017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00114.1.
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Abstract The Pacific and Indian Oceans are connected by an oceanic passage called the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). In this setting, modes of climate variability over the two oceanic basins interact. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events generate sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the Indian Ocean that, in turn, influence ENSO evolution. This raises the question as to whether Indo-Pacific feedback interactions would still occur in a climate system without an Indonesian Throughflow. This issue is investigated here for the first time using a coupled climate model with a blocked Indonesian gateway and a series of partially decoupled experiments in which air–sea interactions over each ocean basin are in turn suppressed. Closing the Indonesian Throughflow significantly alters the mean climate state over the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Pacific Ocean retains an ENSO-like variability, but it is shifted eastward. In contrast, the Indian Ocean dipole and the Indian Ocean basinwide mode both collapse into a single dominant and drastically transformed mode. While the relationship between ENSO and the altered Indian Ocean mode is weaker than that when the ITF is open, the decoupled experiments reveal a damping effect exerted between the two modes. Despite the weaker Indian Ocean SSTAs and the increased distance between these and the core of ENSO SSTAs, the interbasin interactions remain. This suggests that the atmospheric bridge is a robust element of the Indo-Pacific climate system, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans even in the absence of an Indonesian Throughflow.
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Souza Neto, Pedro Fernandes de, Djane Fonseca Da Silva, and Henrique Ravi Rocha de Carvalho Almeida. "Análise da Variabilidade Climática dos Oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 1861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p1861-1879.
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The sea surface temperature is one of the main variables for analyzing the global climate, and with that, it is essential to know its behavior. Thus, the objective of this study is to understand the best temperature variability of the sea surface of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, through information on the causes of its variability using Wavelet analysis, and also using the climatic trends of the TSM of the oceans. Sea surface temperature anomaly data obtained through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with period of 1955-2018, for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, divided into sectors and some statistical analyzes were used. Using the wavelet analysis method, it was possible to observe the phenomena El Niño South Oscillation, Atlantic Dipole, sunspots and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, acting on the studied time series; however, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which occurs in the Pacific Ocean, proved to be a phenomenon of dominant time scale in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Mann-Kendall trend test showed a linear increase in the sea surface temperature anomaly for the two studied Oceans, and in both, the South sector has a greater increase than the North sector. Climate trends indicate that the Pacific Ocean is warming more than the Atlantic Ocean. It is also possible to conclude that the Southern sector of the two Oceans is heating up more than the Northern sector. The signs of the limit ranges for the averages of the southern sectors demonstrate greater variability of the anomalies at the South Atlantic and South Pacific. The Northern sector was more similar to the general basin, both in the Atlantic and the Pacific, proving the importance of continental areas for warming the oceans. These results were strengthened with those found by box plots and frequency distribution. The warming of the Pacific was also reinforced in all statistics mad.
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Cordonnery, Laurence. "Implementing the Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy: How Difficult is it Going to Be?" Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i4.5617.
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This article discusses the challenges facing the Pacific region in implementing the Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy (PIROP), which aims to ensure sustainable use of the Pacific Ocean’s resources for the future. The author outlines some of the particular issues confronting Pacific Island countries, and the need for a more collaborative approach to ocean management.The five guiding principles of PIROP are then discussed in turn. These include: improving our understanding of the ocean; the sustainable development and management of the ocean’s resources; maintaining the health of the ocean; promoting the peaceful use of the ocean; and creating partnerships and promoting cooperation. Issues such as the protection of traditional knowledge in relation to the ocean, and the need to preserve the integrity of the Pacific’s ecosystems, are highlighted.
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Fatmasari, D. "The Regional Hadley Cells Response to the Sea Surface Temperature Distribution Across the Indo-Pacific Ocean." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 893, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/893/1/012008.
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Abstract Hadley Cells are thermally driven cell in the tropics. On its occurrence, these cells are strongly influenced by the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution across the tropical ocean or the Pacific Ocean as the investigated location in this study. The SST shifting in the Pacific Ocean is mainly due to the ENSO. An opposite SST polarity between the western and eastern Pacific Ocean are captured during ENSO events. This means that ENSO could trigger an anomalous regional Hadley Cells that behave oppositely between Indonesia or the western Pacific and the eastern Pacific. This study examines the strength of the regional Hadley Cells related to the ENSO event across the Indonesian region and the Pacific Ocean. A significant correlation between the Hadley Cells and ENSO as the tropical climate variability in the Pacific Oceans are found. The strength of the Hadley Cells associated with ENSO event is examined by using the zonally average vertical velocity across the Pacific Ocean. During La Nina, the regional Hadley Cells over Indonesia or the western Pacific strengthened, whereas the regional cells over the eastern Pacific weakened. In contrast, during El Nino where the warm pool shifted to the eastern Pacific, the regional cell in the eastern Pacific strengthened, while the cell over the western Pacific weakened. These anomalous conditions clearly show that the meridional temperature gradient is strongly affecting the regional Hadley Cells strength. The stronger the meridional temperature gradient, the stronger the regional Hadley Cells.
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MELO, MARCELO R. S. "A revision of the genus Pseudoscopelus Lütken (Chiasmodontidae: Acanthomorphata) with descriptions of three new species." Zootaxa 2710, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2710.1.1.
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Pseudoscopelus Lütken is a genus of meso- and bathypelagic fishes with a worldwide distribution. The genus is the most diversified within the family Chiasmodontidae, containing 16 valid species, three of which are described herein as new: Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, from the western Central and North Atlantic; P. sagamianus Tanaka, from the Eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. altipinnis Parr, widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; P. cephalus Fowler, only known from the type locality in the Indo-Pacific; P. obtusifrons Fowler, from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. scutatus Krefft, widely distributed in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. aphos Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western North Atlantic; P. parini Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western Central Pacific to Hawaiian islands; P. astronesthidens Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the North Atlantic; P. australis Prokofiev and Kukuev, widely distribution in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, and in the Southern Ocean; P. pierbartus Spitz, Quéro and Vayne, from the North Atlantic and western South Atlantic; P. bothrorrhinos Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. lavenbergi Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western North, western Central and western South Atlantic, P. paxtoni new species, from the western South Pacific; P. cordilluminatus new species, from the Indian Ocean and eastern South Atlantic; and P. odontoglossum new species, from the Central Pacific. Herein, Pseudoscopelus stellatus is placed in synonymy of P. scriptus; P. albeolus, in synonymy of P. australis; and P. vityazi, in synonymy of P. parini. Pseudoscopelus microps is confirmed as a junior synonym of P. altipinnis. A key to the species of Pseudoscopelus is provided as well as updated diagnoses, redescriptions, areas and distribution maps, based on extensive examination of collection material and comparison with type specimens.
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Auad, Guillermo, Arthur J. Miller, and John O. Roads. "Pacific Ocean forecasts." Journal of Marine Systems 45, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.11.010.
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Jin, Xiaolin, Young-Oh Kwon, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Hyodae Seo, Franziska U. Schwarzkopf, Arne Biastoch, Claus W. Böning, and Jonathon S. Wright. "Influences of Pacific Climate Variability on Decadal Subsurface Ocean Heat Content Variations in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 31, no. 10 (April 30, 2018): 4157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0654.1.
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Abstract Decadal variabilities in Indian Ocean subsurface ocean heat content (OHC; 50–300 m) since the 1950s are examined using ocean reanalyses. This study elaborates on how Pacific variability modulates the Indian Ocean on decadal time scales through both oceanic and atmospheric pathways. High correlations between OHC and thermocline depth variations across the entire Indian Ocean Basin suggest that OHC variability is primarily driven by thermocline fluctuations. The spatial pattern of the leading mode of decadal Indian Ocean OHC variability closely matches the regression pattern of OHC on the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), emphasizing the role of the Pacific Ocean in determining Indian Ocean OHC decadal variability. Further analyses identify different mechanisms by which the Pacific influences the eastern and western Indian Ocean. IPO-related anomalies from the Pacific propagate mainly through oceanic pathways in the Maritime Continent to impact the eastern Indian Ocean. By contrast, in the western Indian Ocean, the IPO induces wind-driven Ekman pumping in the central Indian Ocean via the atmospheric bridge, which in turn modifies conditions in the southwestern Indian Ocean via westward-propagating Rossby waves. To confirm this, a linear Rossby wave model is forced with wind stresses and eastern boundary conditions based on reanalyses. This linear model skillfully reproduces observed sea surface height anomalies and highlights both the oceanic connection in the eastern Indian Ocean and the role of wind-driven Ekman pumping in the west. These findings are also reproduced by OGCM hindcast experiments forced by interannual atmospheric boundary conditions applied only over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, respectively.
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Hong, Jin-Sil, Sang-Wook Yeh, and Young-Min Yang. "Interbasin Interactions between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Depending on the Phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation." Journal of Climate 35, no. 9 (May 1, 2022): 2883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0408.1.
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Abstract The authors investigated the interbasin interactions between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans depending on the phase relationship of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)/Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) based on observations and idealized model experiments. When the AMO and the PDO are in phase (i.e., +PDO/+AMO or −PDO/−AMO), the Pacific Ocean regulates the SST anomalies in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean with altering of the Walker circulation. During this period, there is a negative SST–precipitation relationship in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean where the atmosphere forces the ocean. In contrast, when they are out of phase (i.e., either +PDO/−AMO or −PDO/+AMO), the Atlantic Ocean influences the equatorial Pacific Ocean by modifying the Walker circulation, resulting in a westward shift of a center of convective forcing in the equatorial Pacific Ocean compared to that during an in-phase relationship of PDO/AMO. During this period, a positive SST–precipitation relationship is dominant in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean where the ocean forces the atmosphere. To verify this result, we conducted pacemaker experiments using the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM3). Model results supported our findings obtained from the observations. We infer that the characteristics of the Pacific–Atlantic interbasin interactions depend on whether the PDO and AMO phases are either in phase or out of phase.
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Frauenfeld, Oliver W., Robert E. Davis, and Michael E. Mann. "A Distinctly Interdecadal Signal of Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction." Journal of Climate 18, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3367.1.
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Abstract A new and distinctly interdecadal signal in the climate of the Pacific Ocean has been uncovered by examining the coupled behavior of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. This interdecadal Pacific signal (IPS) of ocean–atmosphere interaction exhibits a highly statistically significant interdecadal component yet contains little to no interannual (El Niño scale) variability common to other Pacific climate anomaly patterns. The IPS thus represents the only empirically derived, distinctly interdecadal signal of Pacific Ocean SST variability that likely also represents the true interdecadal behavior of the Pacific Ocean–atmosphere system. The residual variability of the Pacific’s leading SST pattern, after removal of the IPS, is highly correlated with El Niño anomalies. This indicates that by simply including an atmospheric component, the leading mode of Pacific SST variability has been decomposed into its interdecadal and interannual patterns. Although the interdecadal signal is unrelated to interannual El Niño variability, the interdecadal ocean–atmosphere variability still seems closely linked to tropical Pacific SSTs. Because prior abrupt changes in Pacific SSTs have been related to anomalies in a variety of physical and biotic parameters throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and because of the persistence of these changes over several decades, isolation of this interdecadal signal in the Pacific Ocean–atmosphere system has potentially important and widespread implications to climate forecasting and climate impact assessment.
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Wang, Lei, and Jin-Yi Yu. "A Recent Shift in the Monsoon Centers Associated with the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation." Journal of Climate 31, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0349.1.
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Abstract The tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) is conventionally considered to involve transitions between the Indian and Australian summer monsoons and the interactions between these two monsoons and the underlying Indo-Pacific Oceans. Here it is shown that, since the early 1990s, the TBO has evolved to mainly involve the transitions between the western North Pacific (WNP) and Australian monsoons. In this framework, the WNP monsoon replaces the Indian monsoon as the active Northern Hemisphere TBO monsoon center during recent decades. This change is found to be caused by stronger Pacific–Atlantic coupling and an increased influence of the tropical Atlantic Ocean on the Indian and WNP monsoons. The increased Atlantic Ocean influence damps the Pacific Ocean influence on the Indian summer monsoon (leading to a decrease in its variability) but amplifies the Pacific Ocean influence on the WNP summer monsoon (leading to an increase in its variability). These results suggest that the Pacific–Atlantic interactions have become more important to the TBO dynamics during recent decades.
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Cheng, Lijing, Kevin E. Trenberth, John T. Fasullo, Michael Mayer, Magdalena Balmaseda, and Jiang Zhu. "Evolution of Ocean Heat Content Related to ENSO." Journal of Climate 32, no. 12 (May 23, 2019): 3529–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0607.1.
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Abstract As the strongest interannual perturbation to the climate system, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates the year-to-year variability of the ocean energy budget. Here we combine ocean observations, reanalyses, and surface flux data with Earth system model simulations to obtain estimates of the different terms affecting the redistribution of energy in the Earth system during ENSO events, including exchanges between ocean and atmosphere and among different ocean basins, and lateral and vertical rearrangements. This comprehensive inventory allows better understanding of the regional and global evolution of ocean heat related to ENSO and provides observational metrics to benchmark performance of climate models. Results confirm that there is a strong negative ocean heat content tendency (OHCT) in the tropical Pacific Ocean during El Niño, mainly through enhanced air–sea heat fluxes Q into the atmosphere driven by high sea surface temperatures. In addition to this diabatic component, there is an adiabatic redistribution of heat both laterally and vertically (0–100 and 100–300 m) in the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans that dominates the local OHCT. Heat is also transported and discharged from 20°S–5°N into off-equatorial regions within 5°–20°N during and after El Niño. OHCT and Q changes outside the tropical Pacific Ocean indicate the ENSO-driven atmospheric teleconnections and changes of ocean heat transport (i.e., Indonesian Throughflow). The tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans warm during El Niño, partly offsetting the tropical Pacific cooling for the tropical oceans as a whole. While there are distinct regional OHCT changes, many compensate each other, resulting in a weak but robust net global ocean cooling during and after El Niño.
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DeVries, Tim, and François Primeau. "Dynamically and Observationally Constrained Estimates of Water-Mass Distributions and Ages in the Global Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-10-05011.1.
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Abstract A data-constrained ocean circulation model is used to characterize the distribution of water masses and their ages in the global ocean. The model is constrained by the time-averaged temperature, salinity, and radiocarbon distributions in the ocean, as well as independent estimates of the mean sea surface height and sea surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The data-constrained model suggests that the interior ocean is ventilated primarily by water masses forming in the Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean waters, including those waters forming in the Antarctic and subantarctic regions, make up about 55% of the interior ocean volume and an even larger percentage of the deep-ocean volume. In the deep North Pacific, the ratio of Southern Ocean to North Atlantic waters is almost 3:1. Approximately 65% of interior ocean waters make first contact with the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean, further emphasizing the central role played by the Southern Ocean in the regulation of the earth’s climate. Results of the age analysis suggest that the mean ventilation age of deep waters is greater than 1000 yr throughout most of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, reaching a maximum of about 1400–1500 yr in the middepth North Pacific. The mean time for deep waters to be reexposed at the surface also reaches a maximum of about 1400–1500 yr in the deep North Pacific. Together these findings suggest that the deep North Pacific can be characterized as a “holding pen” of stagnant and recirculating waters.
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Misios, Stergios, and Hauke Schmidt. "Mechanisms Involved in the Amplification of the 11-yr Solar Cycle Signal in the Tropical Pacific Ocean." Journal of Climate 25, no. 14 (July 15, 2012): 5102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00261.1.
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Abstract It is debated whether the response of the tropical Pacific Ocean to the 11-yr solar cycle forcing resembles a La Niña– or El Niño–like signal. To address this issue, ensemble simulations employing an atmospheric general circulation model with and without ocean coupling are conducted. The coupled simulations show no evidence for a La Niña–like cooling in solar maxima. Instead, the tropical sea surface temperature rises almost in phase with the 11-yr solar cycle. A basinwide warming of about 0.1 K is simulated in the tropical Pacific, whereas the warming in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans is weaker. In the western Pacific, the region of deep convection shifts to the east, thus reducing the surface easterlies. This shift is independent of the ocean coupling because deep convection moves to the east in the uncoupled simulations too. The reduced surface easterlies cool the subsurface but warm the surface due to the reduction of heat transport divergence. The latter mechanism operates together with water vapor feedback, resulting in a stronger tropical Pacific warming relative to the warming over the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans. These results suggest that the atmospheric response to the 11-yr solar cycle drives the tropical Pacific response, which is amplified by atmosphere–ocean feedbacks operating on decadal time scales. Based on the coupled simulations, it is concluded that the tropical Pacific Ocean should warm when the sun is more active.
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Kelez, Shaleyla, Ximena Velez-Zuazo, and Aldo S. Pacheco. "First record of hybridization between greenChelonia mydasand hawksbillEretmochelys imbricatasea turtles in the Southeast Pacific." PeerJ 4 (February 18, 2016): e1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1712.
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Hybridization among sea turtle species has been widely reported in the Atlantic Ocean, but their detection in the Pacific Ocean is limited to just two individual hybrid turtles, in the northern hemisphere. Herein, we report, for the first time in the southeast Pacific, the presence of a sea turtle hybrid between the green turtleChelonia mydasand the hawksbill turtleEretmochelys imbricata.This juvenile sea turtle was captured in northern Peru (4°13′S; 81°10′W) on the 5thof January, 2014. The individual exhibited morphological characteristics ofC. mydassuch as dark green coloration, single pair of pre-frontal scales, four post-orbital scales, and mandibular median ridge, while the presence of two claws in each frontal flipper, and elongated snout resembled the features ofE. imbricata. In addition to morphological evidence, we confirmed the hybrid status of this animal using genetic analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I, which revealed that the hybrid individual resulted from the cross between a femaleE. imbricataand a maleC. mydas. Our report extends the geographical range of occurrence of hybrid sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean, and is a significant observation of interspecific breeding between one of the world’s most critically endangered populations of sea turtles, the east PacificE. imbricata, and a relatively healthy population, the east PacificC. mydas.
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INABA, TOMOKI, and HIROYUKI MOTOMURA. "Review of the Indo-West Pacific genus Inimicus (Synanceiidae: Choridactylinae)." Zootaxa 4482, no. 1 (September 17, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.1.2.
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The stinger genus Inimicus Jordan & Starks, 1904 (family Synanceiidae), distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, is characterized by having two free pectoral-fin rays. Examination of the original descriptions and 420 specimens, including all available type specimens, of the genus resulted in the recognition of nine valid species: Inimicus brachyrhynchus (Bleeker, 1874) (recorded from Hong Kong and Singapore), I. caledonicus (Sauvage, 1878) (distributed in Andaman Sea and western Pacific Ocean), I. cuvieri (Gray, 1835) (Andaman Sea and western Pacific Ocean), I. didactylus (Pallas, 1769) (western Pacific), I. filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) (western Indian Ocean), I. gruzovi Mandrytsa, 1991 (Coral Sea), I. japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) (East Asia), I. sinensis (Valenciennes, 1833) (eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans), and I. smirnovi Mandrytsa, 1990 (southwestern Pacific Ocean). Inimicus joubini (Chevey, 1927), previously considered a valid species, is herein regarded as a junior synonym of I. japonicus. Another 10 nominal species are confirmed to be synonymized with the nine species. A revised diagnosis for each species and a key to all the species are provided.
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NIELSEN, JØRGEN G., JOHN J. POGONOSKI, and SHARON A. APPLEYARD. "Aphyonid-clade species of Australia (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with four species new to Australian waters and a new species of Barathronus." Zootaxa 4564, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.12.
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During voyages in 2017 off southern and southeastern Australia, the Australian Research Vessel Investigator deployed a series of demersal beam trawls to depths of around 5000 metres. Nineteen specimens of the rarely caught aphyonid-clade of the ophidiiform family Bythitidae, representing five species, were caught. Four of these are new to Australian waters: Barathronus pacificus Nielsen and Eagle, 1974 known from the northeastern and southwestern Pacific Ocean, Paraphyonus bolini (Nielsen, 1974) known from the western Indian and western Pacific Oceans, Paraphyonus rassi (Nielsen, 1975) known from the Atlantic Ocean and Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899, known from the northeastern Atlantic and northeastern and southwestern Pacific Oceans. Also included are Aphyonus gelatinosus Günther, 1878 known from all oceans including ten specimens from Australian waters, Barathronus maculatus Shcherbachev, 1976 known from South Africa to the westernmost Pacific including 13 specimens from Australian waters, Sciadonus longiventralis Nielsen, 2018 known from the holotype collected off New South Wales and finally Barathronus algrahami n. sp. known from the holotype caught off South Australia and four paratypes from off Taiwan and northern Philippines. Close examination of specimens collected during recent voyages combined with recent and ongoing studies by the first author and DNA COI barcoding analysis enabled an assessment of the aphyonid-clade species hitherto recorded from Australian waters. An identification key to the eight aphyonid clade species known from Australian waters is provided.
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Khurana, Gurpreet Singh. "Maritime Security and Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.51.5.
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The centre-of-gravity of world‘s economic power is shifting eastwards to the ‗Indo-Pacific‘, a maritime-configured macro-region that spans the maritime underbelly of Asia connecting the Indian and the western Pacific oceans. The security environment in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific are different; nonetheless, strong maritime security linkages emerging between the two oceans has led to the reincarnation of the concept of ‗Indo-Pacific‘. Since the turn of the 21st century, new maritime insecurities have taken root, including in terms of China‘s revisionist positions on the established maritime order. Notwithstanding the US response in the western Pacific and the recent articulation of its ‗Indo-Pacific‘ strategy, it is unclear how the regional countries and the major regional stakeholders willmanage to address the emerging maritime insecurities in the Indian Ocean, including in terms of China‘s expanding politico-military footprint. This paper attempts to examine the security environment and geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific in context of India‘s national security interests.
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Domingues, Valentina F., Mário Quaresma, Sara Sousa, Mónica Rosas, Breixo Ventoso, Maria Leonor Nunes, and Cristina Delerue-Matos. "Evaluating the Lipid Quality of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Harvested from Different Oceans by Their Fatty Acid Signatures." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112816.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the fishing location on yellowfin tuna’s (YFT; Thunnus albacares) white muscle total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid profile. The comparison included 45 YFT loins, equally divided between the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The ocean had no significant influence on YFT TL content, total PUFA and total n-3 PUFA (p > 0.05), averaging 1.09 g/100 g of muscle, 229.2 and 192.8 mg/100 g of muscle, respectively. On the other hand, the YFT harvested on the Indian Ocean displayed significantly higher contents of both SFA and MUFA totals than the Atlantic Ocean counterparts (p < 0.05), while the YFT harvested in the Pacific Ocean presented intermediate values, not differing significantly from the other two origins. The YFT from the Indian and Pacific oceans held twice the n-6 PUFA content recorded in the Atlantic YFT (44.1 versus 21.1 mg/100 g of muscle). Considering the recommended daily intake of EPA plus DHA is 250 mg, the consumption of 100 g of YFT from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans would provide 149.2 mg, 191.8 mg or 229.6 mg of EPA plus DHA, representing 59.7%, 76.7% or 91.8% of the recommended daily intake, respectively.
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Liu, Shengyuan, Jianjun Xu, Shifei Tu, Meiying Zheng, and Zhiqiang Chen. "Relationship between South China Sea Summer Monsoon and Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones Linkages with the Interaction of Indo-Pacific Pattern." Atmosphere 14, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040645.
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The South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) and Western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs) are both tropical systems that interact with each other on multiple scales. This study examines the differences in TCs activity characteristics between anomalous strong and weak SCSSM years, and explores the possible mechanisms behind these differences through the coupling relationship between tropical atmospheric circulation and oceanic surface conditions. Results show that the destructiveness of TCs over the Western North Pacific is stronger during weak SCSSM years than in strong years, whereas the opposite occurs for TCs over the SCS. The interaction between the tropical Indo-Pacific ocean and atmosphere plays a key role in the relationship between SCSSM intensity and TCs activity. In strong (weak) SCSSM years, the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Pacific Ocean tends to correspond to a La Niña-like (El Niño-like) distribution, whereas the tropical Indian Ocean shows an Indian Ocean dipole-negative (positive) phase distribution. Moreover, Walker circulations in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans are coupled during these years, which creates a seesaw-like relationship in the conditions for TCs formation between the SCS and the Western Pacific Ocean. During weak SCSSM years, the formation and activity of TCs over the SCS are suppressed due to the weakened water vapor transport caused by abnormal easterly winds from the eastern Indian Ocean to the southern SCS. Meanwhile, the higher SSTA in the Western Pacific Ocean enhances the TCs activity. In strong SCSSM years, the enhanced monsoon drives a stronger monsoon trough, improving the convective environment over the SCS, whereas in contrast, the Western Pacific Ocean is covered by colder water, resulting in poorer conditions for TCs genesis.
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Afrisal, Muhammad, Yukio Iwatsuki, and Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin. "Morphological and genetic evaluation of the thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans." F1000Research 9 (August 5, 2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23740.1.
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Background: The Lethrinidae (emperors) include many important food fish species. Accurate determination of species and stocks is important for fisheries management. The taxonomy of the genus Lethrinus is problematic, for example with regards to the identification of the thumbprint emperor Lethrinus harak. Little research has been done on L. harak diversity in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic characters of the thumbprint emperor, L. harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods: This research was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, and Division of Fisheries Science, University of Miyazaki. Morphometric character measurements were based on holotype character data, while genetic analysis was performed on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. Morphometric data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests in MINITAB, and genetic data were analysed in MEGA 6. Results: Statistical test results based on morphometric characters revealed groupings largely representative of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Seychelles was separated from other Indian Ocean sites and Australian populations were closer to the Pacific than the Indian Ocean group. The genetic distance between the groups was in the low category (0.000 - 0.042). The phylogenetic topology reconstruction accorded well with the morphometric character analysis, with two main L. harak clades representing Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean clade. Conclusions: These results indicate that geographical and environmental factors can affect the morphometric and genetic characteristics of L. harak.
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Meehl, Gerald A., Julie M. Arblaster, and Johannes Loschnigg. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamical Processes in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans and the TBO." Journal of Climate 16, no. 13 (July 1, 2003): 2138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2767.1.
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Abstract The transitions (from relatively strong to relatively weak monsoon) in the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) occur in northern spring for the south Asian or Indian monsoon and northern fall for the Australian monsoon involving coupled land–atmosphere–ocean processes over a large area of the Indo-Pacific region. Transitions from March–May (MAM) to June–September (JJAS) tend to set the system for the next year, with a transition to the opposite sign the following year. Previous analyses of observed data and GCM sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that the TBO (with roughly a 2–3-yr period) encompasses most ENSO years (with their well-known biennial tendency). In addition, there are other years, including many Indian Ocean dipole (or zonal mode) events, that contribute to biennial transitions. Results presented here from observations for composites of TBO evolution confirm earlier results that the Indian and Pacific SST forcings are more dominant in the TBO than circulation and meridional temperature gradient anomalies over Asia. A fundamental element of the TBO is the large-scale east–west atmospheric circulation (the Walker circulation) that links anomalous convection and precipitation, winds, and ocean dynamics across the Indian and Pacific sectors. This circulation connects convection over the Asian–Australian monsoon regions both to the central and eastern Pacific (the eastern Walker cell), and to the central and western Indian Ocean (the western Walker cell). Analyses of upper-ocean data confirm previous results and show that ENSO El Niño and La Niña events as well as Indian Ocean SST dipole (or zonal mode) events are often large-amplitude excursions of the TBO in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, respectively, associated with anomalous eastern and western Walker cell circulations, coupled ocean dynamics, and upper-ocean temperature and heat content anomalies. Other years with similar but lower-amplitude signals in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans also contribute to the TBO. Observed upper-ocean data for the Indian Ocean show that slowly eastward-propagating equatorial ocean heat content anomalies, westward-propagating ocean Rossby waves south of the equator, and anomalous cross-equatorial ocean heat transports contribute to the heat content anomalies in the Indian Ocean and thus to the ocean memory and consequent SST anomalies, which are an essential part of the TBO.
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Wang, Chuan-Yang, Shang-Ping Xie, and Yu Kosaka. "Indo-Western Pacific Climate Variability: ENSO Forcing and Internal Dynamics in a Tropical Pacific Pacemaker Simulation." Journal of Climate 31, no. 24 (December 2018): 10123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0203.1.
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) peaks in boreal winter but its impact on Indo-western Pacific climate persists for another two seasons. Key ocean–atmosphere interaction processes for the ENSO effect are investigated using the Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere (POGA) experiment with a coupled general circulation model, where tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are restored to follow observations while the atmosphere and oceans are fully coupled elsewhere. The POGA shows skills in simulating the ENSO-forced warming of the tropical Indian Ocean and an anomalous anticyclonic circulation pattern over the northwestern tropical Pacific in the post–El Niño spring and summer. The 10-member POGA ensemble allows decomposing Indo-western Pacific variability into the ENSO forced and ENSO-unrelated (internal) components. Internal variability is comparable to the ENSO forcing in magnitude and independent of ENSO amplitude and phase. Random internal variability causes apparent decadal modulations of ENSO correlations over the Indo-western Pacific, which are high during epochs of high ENSO variance. This is broadly consistent with instrumental observations over the past 130 years as documented in recent studies. Internal variability features a sea level pressure pattern that extends into the north Indian Ocean and is associated with coherent SST anomalies from the Arabian Sea to the western Pacific, suggestive of ocean–atmosphere coupling.
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Ferrari, Raffaele, Louis-Philippe Nadeau, David P. Marshall, Lesley C. Allison, and Helen L. Johnson. "A Model of the Ocean Overturning Circulation with Two Closed Basins and a Reentrant Channel." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 12 (December 2017): 2887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0223.1.
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AbstractZonally averaged models of the ocean overturning circulation miss important zonal exchanges of waters between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. A two-layer, two-basin model that accounts for these exchanges is introduced and suggests that in the present-day climate the overturning circulation is best described as the combination of three circulations: an adiabatic overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean associated with transformation of intermediate to deep waters in the north, a diabatic overturning circulation in the Indo-Pacific Ocean associated with transformation of abyssal to deep waters by mixing, and an interbasin circulation that exchanges waters geostrophically between the two oceans through the Southern Ocean. These results are supported both by theoretical analysis of the two-layer, two-basin model and by numerical simulations of a three-dimensional ocean model.
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Duplessy, Jean-Claude, Maurice Arnold, Edouard Bard, Anne Juillet-Leclerc, Nejib Kallel, and Laurent Labeyrie. "AMS 14C Study of Transient Events and of the Ventilation Rate of the Pacific Intermediate Water During the Last Deglaciation." Radiocarbon 31, no. 03 (1989): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220001208x.
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14C analysis of monospecific samples of planktonic and benthic foraminifera were performed in deep-sea sediment cores from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). These measurements demonstrate that the Younger Dryas cold event, first described in the north Atlantic, is also present at the same time in the north Pacific Ocean. The comparison of the 14C ages of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the same sediment level in two Pacific cores shows that the ventilation time of the Pacific Ocean was greater than today during the last ice age, but significantly less than today during the deglaciation.
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Collin Delavaud, Claude. "Géopolitique et Océan Pacifique (Geopolitics in Pacific Ocean)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 64, no. 2 (1987): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1987.1376.
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Afrisal, Muhammad, Yukio Iwatsuki, and Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin. "Morphological and genetic evaluation of the thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans." F1000Research 9 (March 16, 2021): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23740.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Lethrinidae (emperors) include many important food fish species. Accurate determination of species and stocks is important for fisheries management. The taxonomy of the genus Lethrinus is problematic, for example with regards to the identification of the thumbprint emperor Lethrinus harak. Little research has been done on L. harak diversity in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic characters of the thumbprint emperor, L. harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods: This research was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, and Division of Fisheries Science, University of Miyazaki. Morphometric character measurements were based on holotype character data, while genetic analysis was performed on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. Morphometric data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests in MINITAB, and genetic data were analysed in MEGA 6. Results: Statistical test results based on morphometric characters revealed groupings largely representative of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Seychelles was separated from other Indian Ocean sites and Australian populations were closer to the Pacific than the Indian Ocean group. The genetic distance between the groups was in the low category (0.000 - 0.042). The phylogenetic topology reconstruction accorded well with the morphometric character analysis, with two main L. harak clades representing Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean clade. Conclusions: These results indicate that the morphological character size of L. harak from Makassar and the holotype from Saudi Arabia have changed. Genetic distance and phylogeny reconstruction are closely related to low genetic distance.
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Zhang, Yan, Gaowen He, Fan Xiao, Yong Yang, Fenlian Wang, and Yonggang Liu. "Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Sediments in Different Pacific Ocean Regions: Insights from Fractal Modeling." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8010045.
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Exploration of mineral resources in the deep sea has become an international trend. However, deep-sea mineral exploration faces challenges such as complex offshore drilling and the weak and mixed signals of ore deposits. Therefore, studying methods for identifying weak and mixed anomalies and extracting composite information in the deep sea is crucial for innovative prediction and evaluation of deep-sea mineral resources. In this study, the Central Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean, and Eastern Pacific Ocean were selected as research areas. Drawing upon the fractal self-similarity exhibited by rare earth minerals in the deep-sea sediments within the Pacific Ocean, we conducted an analysis and comparison of the fractal geochemical characteristics in various regions of the Pacific Ocean’s deep-sea sediments. Thereafter, we studied the spatial distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in deep-sea sediments in these regions to explore the mechanisms responsible for rare earth enrichment in the Pacific Ocean. The results revealed that the geochemical fractal characteristics of deep-sea sediments in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean Basin and the Central Pacific Ocean Basin were similar, whereas there were slight differences in the fractal characteristics observed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin. By calculating the singularity index of CaO/P2O5, it was found that the singularity index in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean basins was lower than that in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin, suggesting that the phosphorus content in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin was lower than that in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean basins. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, we found that phosphorus content in deep-sea sediments was the primary controlling factor for REE enrichment. Conversely, in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean, both the phosphorus and calcium content in deep-sea sediments played significant roles in REE enrichment.
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Andrianova, O. R. "ACTUALS PROBLEMS OF THE RESEARCH OF WORLD OCEAN LEVEL." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 19, no. 4(23) (March 20, 2015): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2014.4(23).39300.
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The features of the sea level changes and the related dynamics of the coastal zone are the subject of the discussions in the economic planning as in the regionally as in globally scale. The work’s purpose is analysis of changes of World Ocean level under the influence of different factors from the viewpoint of physical geography – the interdependence of nature of the ocean and continents, large-scale connections between oceanosphera and other elements of the Earth’s environment and evaluation of the modern established knowledge about thetendencies of the development of processes in the coastal zone. The object of research is the dynamical system of the World Ocean in the period of current climate’s changes. The subject of research is the changes of the World Ocean level for whole observation period. During the work the averaging by data series of annual level heights for 172 stations separately for the Atlantic (37 stations along the west coast and 31 – along the east), Pacific (35 and 36) andIndian (33 stations) oceans has been done. The results of researches of long-term changes of level according to different authors have shown that the observed modern sea level rise is not uniform. Our evaluation of temporal variability of the fluctuations in the level of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and the whole World Ocean during 1880 – 2010 years period has shown their coordinated behavior. It is noted that the trend of ocean levels grows uneven with alternating stages of the weak and intense increases it. There is a slight difference in levels’ increasing in different oceans: the trend in the Atlantic Ocean was 1.85 mm·yr-1, in the Pacific and Indian oceans smaller – respectively 1.71 and 1.79 mm·yr-1 and in general for the World Ocean – 1.76 mm yr-1. The maxima of level rising in the generalized series of average annual heights of oceans (which displayed with approximately quasi decade cycles) are due to the peculiar display of the El Niño phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean. The satellite measurements of sea level have not shown increasing of the World Ocean level in 2002-2008. The falling of level on observation data in separate coastal areas of the World Ocean in the early 21st century is consistent with our estimates. The situation with the ocean level and its prognosis is not unambiguous so constant monitoring of the coastal processes is needed.
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Shinoda, Toshiaki, Weiqing Han, E. Joseph Metzger, and Harley E. Hurlburt. "Seasonal Variation of the Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 1099–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0120.1.
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Abstract The seasonal variation of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport is investigated using ocean general circulation model experiments with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Twenty-eight years (1981–2008) of ⅓° Indo-Pacific basin HYCOM simulations and three years (2004–06) from a global HYCOM simulation are analyzed. Both models are able to simulate the seasonal variation of upper-ocean currents and the total transport through Makassar Strait measured by International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) moorings reasonably well. The annual cycle of upper-ocean currents is then calculated from the Indo-Pacific HYCOM simulation. The reduction of southward currents at Makassar Strait during April–May and October–November is evident, consistent with the INSTANT observations. Analysis of the upper-ocean currents suggests that the reduction in ITF transport during April–May and October–November results from the wind variation in the tropical Indian Ocean through the generation of a Wyrtki jet and the propagation of coastal Kelvin waves, while the subsequent recovery during January–March originates from upper-ocean variability associated with annual Rossby waves in the Pacific that are enhanced by western Pacific winds. These processes are also found in the global HYCOM simulation during the period of the INSTANT observations. The model experiments forced with annual-mean climatological wind stress in the Pacific and 3-day mean wind stress in the Indian Ocean show the reduction of southward currents at Makassar Strait during October–November but no subsequent recovery during January–March, confirming the relative importance of wind variations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans for the ITF transport in each season.
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Matsuda, Matt. "Ocean, Motion, Emotion." Transfers 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060110.
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The Pacific is a constantly shifting domain of cultures, encounters, and natural phenomena. As such, histories of the Pacifi c are marked by transits, circuits, and displacements, both intentional and unintentional. By sketching out examples from the sailing voyages of the open-ocean canoe Hokule‘a, to the enslavement of a South Asian woman transported on the Spanish galleons, to the Australian government’s contested policy for dealing with seaborne refugees, to the challenges posed to low-lying islands by rising sea levels, we see how peoples in motion underscore so much of global history.
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Kastoro. "THE SEMIDIURNAL M2 TIDE IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS." Marine Research in Indonesia 26, no. 1 (May 11, 1987): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v26i0.405.
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The semidiurnal tides of the Pacific and Indian Oceans penetrate deeply into the Southeast Asian waters. The tides of the Pacific Ocean govern the whole of the China Sea, the Philippines waters and the Sulawesi Sea while the tides of the Indian Ocean govern the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait. The Maluku Sea, the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea are the boundary region between tides from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Java Sea the semidiurnal tide is produced mainly by the tide from the Indian Ocean. At the boundary region, the amplitudes are generally very small. As an example of a boundary region, the tides of the Sunda Strait are considered in some detail. An analytical solution of two overlapping standing waves, one wave resulting from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Indian Ocean and the other standing wave from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Java Sea, adequately describe the M2 tide in the Sunda Strait.
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Kastoro. "THE SEMIDIURNAL M2 TIDE IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATERS." Marine Research in Indonesia 26 (May 11, 1987): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v26i1.405.
Full textAbstract:
The semidiurnal tides of the Pacific and Indian Oceans penetrate deeply into the Southeast Asian waters. The tides of the Pacific Ocean govern the whole of the China Sea, the Philippines waters and the Sulawesi Sea while the tides of the Indian Ocean govern the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea, the Andaman Sea and the Malacca Strait. The Maluku Sea, the Makassar Strait and the Java Sea are the boundary region between tides from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the Java Sea the semidiurnal tide is produced mainly by the tide from the Indian Ocean. At the boundary region, the amplitudes are generally very small. As an example of a boundary region, the tides of the Sunda Strait are considered in some detail. An analytical solution of two overlapping standing waves, one wave resulting from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Indian Ocean and the other standing wave from open mouth reflection of a wave incident from the Java Sea, adequately describe the M2 tide in the Sunda Strait.
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Fan, Gong, Guoxing Yin, Anirban Sarker, and Chenhong Li. "Diversifying of Two Pampus Species across the Indo–Pacific Barrier and the Origin of the Genus." Diversity 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030180.
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Among marine species distributed in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, the Indo–Pacific Barrier (IPB) has been found to be an important barrier of divergence of species distributed on both sides. Among the five species of the genus Pampus, only Pampus chinensis and P. cinereus are distributed across the western Pacific and the Indian Oceans and have not been studied comparatively using extensive sampling and gene markers. Furthermore, the origin and history of genus Pampus remain unrevealed. We used thousands of nuclear loci based on target gene enrichment to explore genetic structure of P. chinensis and P. cinereus across the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. We performed divergence dating and ancestral area reconstruction analysis and inferred the dispersal routes of the Pampus species. The results suggest that the IPB played an important role in the differentiation between populations among the two oceans for both P. chinensis and P. cinereus, dividing species into the Pacific lineage and the Indian Ocean lineage. Low sea level in the late Pleistocene may be the main cause. The result also showed that the South China Sea was the center of origin of the genus Pampus, and dispersal routes of each species may be associated with the ocean currents. Our study provided new examples for the IPB effect on marine species.
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Jolly, Margaret. "Blue Pacific, polluted ocean." International Journal of Society Systems Science 13, no. 3 (2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsss.2021.10041426.
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Dunbar, Robert B. "Recurring Pacific Ocean hypoxia." Science 372, no. 6546 (June 3, 2021): 1051.13–1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6546.1051-m.
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Jolly, Margaret. "Blue Pacific, polluted ocean." International Journal of Society Systems Science 13, no. 3 (2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsss.2021.118142.
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Anonymous. "Eastern Pacific Ocean Conference." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no. 49 (1990): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo071i049p01839.
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Johnson, Mark A., and James J. O'Brien. "Modeling the Pacific Ocean." International Journal of Supercomputing Applications 4, no. 2 (June 1990): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109434209000400204.
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Malecki, Paweł. "Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment." Universe 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10020053.
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Following the breakthrough discoveries of very-high-energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin by IceCube, a new field of research, neutrino astronomy, was established in the previous decade. Even though two extragalactic point sources of such neutrinos have been identified by now, TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068, the origin and processes of the creation of astrophysical neutrinos are still mostly unexplored. To advance quickly in this new field, more neutrino telescopes are needed. This article describes the current status and plans for the development of the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE), which is under construction in the Pacific Ocean near Vancouver Island. The deployment of P-ONE is expected to start in 2025, exploiting the already available deep-sea infrastructure provided by Ocean Networks Canada. P-ONE will complement the existing IceCube, Baikal-GVD, and KM3NeT neutrino telescopes not only with its large detection volume, but also by providing insight into the southern celestial hemisphere, where the central region of the Galactic Plane is located.
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Nichols, Rudolph H. "Infrasonic ambient ocean noise: Northeast Pacific Ocean." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, S1 (November 1985): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2022739.
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Zischke, Mitchell T., Shane P. Griffiths, Ian R. Tibbetts, and Robert J. G. Lester. "Stock identification of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans using morphometrics and parasites." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 1 (October 18, 2012): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss164.
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Abstract Zischke, M. T., Griffiths, S. P., Tibbetts, I. R., and Lester, R. J. G. 2013. Stock identification of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans using morphometrics and parasites. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:164–172. The wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) is an increasingly important by-product species of tropical pelagic fisheries worldwide. However, specific management of the species is currently hindered by a dearth of information on basic biology and stock structure. This study examined the stock structure of wahoo using morphometric characters and parasite fauna from fish collected in three regions of the western Pacific, and one region in each of the eastern Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. Similar morphometric measurements and parasite abundance of wahoo collected off eastern Australia suggest they may form part of a single phenotypic stock in the western Pacific Ocean. Morphometric measurements and parasite fauna were significantly different among wahoo from the western Pacific and eastern Pacific Oceans, suggesting multiple discrete phenotypic stocks despite genetic homogeneity. Assessing fish from a range of regions throughout the Pacific Ocean may help discriminate stock boundaries in this region. Future research using complementary techniques, such as otolith microchemistry and genetic microsatellites, may improve our understanding of the global stock structure of wahoo to suitably inform regional fishery management organizations.
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Lou, Jiale, Terence J. O’Kane, and Neil J. Holbrook. "A Linear Inverse Model of Tropical and South Pacific Seasonal Predictability." Journal of Climate 33, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 4537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0548.1.
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AbstractA multivariate linear inverse model (LIM) is developed to demonstrate the mechanisms and seasonal predictability of the dominant modes of variability from the tropical and South Pacific Oceans. We construct a LIM whose covariance matrix is a combination of principal components derived from tropical and extratropical sea surface temperature, and South Pacific Ocean vertically averaged temperature anomalies. Eigen-decomposition of the linear deterministic system yields stationary and/or propagating eigenmodes, of which the least damped modes resemble El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the South Pacific decadal oscillation (SPDO). We show that although the oscillatory periods of ENSO and SPDO are distinct, they have very close damping time scales, indicating that the predictive skill of the surface ENSO and SPDO is comparable. The most damped noise modes occur in the midlatitude South Pacific Ocean, reflecting atmospheric eastward-propagating Rossby wave train variability. We argue that these ocean wave trains occur due to the high-frequency atmospheric variability of the Pacific–South American pattern imprinting onto the surface ocean. The ENSO spring predictability barrier is apparent in LIM predictions initialized in March–May (MAM) but displays a significant correlation skill of up to ~3 months. For the SPDO, the predictability barrier tends to appear in June–September (JAS), indicating remote but delayed influences from the tropics. We demonstrate that subsurface processes in the South Pacific Ocean are the main source of decadal variability and further that by characterizing the upper ocean temperature contribution in the LIM, the seasonal predictability of both ENSO and the SPDO variability is increased.
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Itoh, Tomoyuki, and Shiro Sawadaishi. "Spawning area and season of butterfly kingfish (Gasterochisma melampus), a large scombrid adapted to cooler temperate southern water." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 1 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17077.
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In the present study we investigated spawning of the butterfly kingfish (Gasterochisma melampus), a Scombridae species distributed in circumpolar temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Using data from 25564 individuals collected by longline operations from 1987 to 1996, analysis of the gonadosomatic index, maturity based on oocyte size and the presence of hydrated eggs revealed that the spawning area was between longitude 85 and 130°W and latitude 28 and 41°S in the south-east Pacific Ocean, and that the spawning season was from mid-April to mid-July. Length–frequency data suggested that larger fish arrived and spawned earlier, whereas smaller fish did so later. The species has distinctive reproductive characteristics compared with other Scombridae: it produces large hydrated eggs 1.6mm in diameter, sea surface temperatures in the spawning area were as low as 14–18°C and more than 80% of fish were female. The south-east Pacific Ocean may be the only (and is at least the major) spawning area of the species. Butterfly kingfish is a single stock that migrates to the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans to feed and returns to the south-east Pacific Ocean to spawn.
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Terray, Pascal, and Sébastien Dominiak. "Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A New Perspective." Journal of Climate 18, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 1351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3338.1.
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Abstract Here the 1976–77 climate regime shift that was accompanied by a remarkable change in the lead–lag relationships between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño evolution is shown. After the 1976–77 regime shift, a correlation analysis suggests that southern Indian Ocean SSTs observed during late boreal winter are a key precursor in predicting El Niño evolution as the traditional oceanic heat content anomalies in the equatorial Pacific or zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific. The possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statistical relationship are discussed. After the 1976–77 regime shift, southern Indian Ocean SST anomalies produced by Mascarene high pulses during boreal winter trigger coupled air–sea processes in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean during the following seasons. This produces a persistent remote forcing on the Pacific climate system, promoting wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific and modulating the regional Hadley cell in the southwest Pacific. These modulations, in turn, excite Rossby waves, which produce quasi-stationary circulation anomalies in the extratropical South Pacific, responsible for the development of the southern branch of the “horseshoe” El Niño pattern. The change of the background SST state that occurred in the late 1970s over the Indian Ocean may also explain why ENSO evolution is different before and after the 1976–77 regime shift. These results shed some light on the possible influence of global warming or decadal fluctuations on El Niño evolution through changes in teleconnection patterns between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
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Docquier, David, Torben Koenigk, Ramon Fuentes-Franco, Mehdi Pasha Karami, and Yohan Ruprich-Robert. "Impact of ocean heat transport on the Arctic sea-ice decline: a model study with EC-Earth3." Climate Dynamics 56, no. 5-6 (January 10, 2021): 1407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05540-8.
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AbstractThe recent increase in Atlantic and Pacific ocean heat transports has led to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. As the respective contributions from both oceans in driving sea-ice loss is still uncertain, our study explores this. We use the EC-Earth3 coupled global climate model and perform different sensitivity experiments to gain insights into the relationships between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice. In these model experiments, the sea-surface temperature is artificially increased in different regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and with different levels of warming. All the experiments lead to enhanced ocean heat transport, and consequently to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We show that the wider the domain in which the sea-surface temperature is increased and the larger the level of warming, the larger the increase in ocean heat transport and the stronger the decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We also find that for a same amount of ocean heat transport increase, the reductions in Arctic sea-ice area and volume are stronger when the sea-surface temperature increase is imposed in the North Pacific, compared to the North Atlantic. This is explained by the lower-salinity water at the Bering Strait and atmospheric warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Pacific experiments. Finally, we find that the sea-ice loss is mainly driven by reduced basal growth along the sea-ice edge and enhanced basal melt in the Central Arctic. This confirms that the ocean heat transport is the primary driver of Arctic sea-ice loss in our experiments.
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Yuan, Jiacan, Steven B. Feldstein, Sukyoung Lee, and Benkui Tan. "The Relationship between the North Atlantic Jet and Tropical Convection over the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans." Journal of Climate 24, no. 23 (December 1, 2011): 6100–6113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4203.1.
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Abstract Boreal winter jet variability over the North Atlantic is investigated using 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data, where the variability is defined by the first EOF of the zonal wind on seven vertical levels. The principal component time series of this EOF is referred to as the jet index. A pattern correlation analysis indicates that the jet index more accurately describes intraseasonal North Atlantic zonal wind variability than does the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A series of composite calculations of the jet index based on events of intraseasonal convective precipitation over the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans reveals the following statistically significant relationships: 1) negative jet events lead enhanced Indian Ocean precipitation, 2) positive jet events lag enhanced Indian Ocean precipitation, 3) positive jet events lead enhanced western Pacific Ocean precipitation, and 4) negative jet events lag enhanced western Pacific Ocean precipitation. These intraseasonal relationships are found to be linked through the circumglobal teleconnection pattern (CTP). Implications of the sign of the CTP being opposite to that of the jet index suggest that relationships 1 and 3 may arise from cold air surges associated with the CTP over these oceans. On interdecadal time scales, a much greater increase in the frequency of precipitation events from 1958 to 1979 (P1) to 1980 to 2001 (P2) was found for the Indian Ocean relative to the western Pacific Ocean. This observation, combined with relationships 2 and 4, leads to the suggestion that this change in the frequency of intraseasonal Indian Ocean precipitation events may make an important contribution to the excitation of interdecadal variability of the North Atlantic jet.
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Springer, Alan M., Gus B. van Vliet, Natalie Bool, Mike Crowley, Peter Fullagar, Mary-Anne Lea, Ross Monash, Cassandra Price, Caitlin Vertigan, and Eric J. Woehler. "Transhemispheric ecosystem disservices of pink salmon in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 22 (May 14, 2018): E5038—E5045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720577115.
Full textAbstract:
Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the North Pacific Ocean have flourished since the 1970s, with growth in wild populations augmented by rising hatchery production. As their abundance has grown, so too has evidence that they are having important effects on other species and on ocean ecosystems. In alternating years of high abundance, they can initiate pelagic trophic cascades in the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and depress the availability of common prey resources of other species of salmon, resident seabirds, and other pelagic species. We now propose that the geographic scale of ecosystem disservices of pink salmon is far greater due to a 15,000-kilometer transhemispheric teleconnection in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem maintained by short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris), seabirds that migrate annually between their nesting grounds in the South Pacific Ocean and wintering grounds in the North Pacific Ocean. Over this century, the frequency and magnitude of mass mortalities of shearwaters as they arrive in Australia, and their abundance and productivity, have been related to the abundance of pink salmon. This has influenced human social, economic, and cultural traditions there, and has the potential to alter the role shearwaters play in insular terrestrial ecology. We can view the unique biennial pulses of pink salmon as a large, replicated, natural experiment that offers basin-scale opportunities to better learn how these ecosystems function. By exploring trophic interaction chains driven by pink salmon, we may achieve a deeper conservation conscientiousness for these northern open oceans.
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Jang, Youkyoung, and David M. Straus. "The Indian Monsoon Circulation Response to El Niño Diabatic Heating." Journal of Climate 25, no. 21 (November 2012): 7487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00637.1.
Full textAbstract:
The response of the boreal summer mean tropical circulation to anomalies in diabatic heating during the strong El Niño events of 1972, 1987, and 1997 is studied, with particular focus on the Indian region. In experiments with the atmospheric general circulation model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, anomalous diabatic heating fields are added to the full temperature tendency of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3). The boundary conditions are specified climatological sea surface temperatures everywhere but over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, where a slab-ocean model is used. The vertical structure of the added heating is idealized with a single maximum at 600 hPa. The added heating in the experiments was chosen on the basis of the 1972, 1987, and 1997 diabatic heating anomalies in the Pacific and Indian Oceans diagnosed from reanalyses. Integrations extended from May to August with 20 different initial conditions. The 1972 and 1987 experiments produced an anomalous anticyclonic circulation extending westward toward the Indian region, accompanied by negative total (added plus CAM3 produced) diabatic heating anomalies over India. A similar result was obtained for 1997 when only the Pacific Ocean diabatic heating was added. The heating over the central Pacific is shown to be more important than the western Pacific cooling. When the added heating also took into account anomalies over the Indian Ocean, the anomalous anticyclonic circulation weakens, while the total Indian heating anomaly is quite small. These results suggest the importance of the Indian Ocean heating for the 1997 monsoon circulation, but do not constitute a complete explanation since the Indian Ocean heating was given a priori.
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Tjiputra, J. F., and A. M. E. Winguth. "Sensitivity of sea-to-air CO<sub>2</sub> flux to ecosystem parameters from an adjoint model." Biogeosciences 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2008): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-615-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. An adjoint model is applied to examine the biophysical factors that control surface pCO2 in different ocean regions. In the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the annual cycle of pCO2 in the model is highly dominated by temperature variability, whereas both the temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are important in the tropical Pacific. In the high-latitude North Atlantic and Southern Oceans, DIC variability mainly drives the annual cycle of surface pCO2. Phosphate addition significantly increases the carbon uptake in the tropical and subtropical regions, whereas nitrate addition increases the carbon uptake in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. The carbon uptake is also sensitive to changes in the physiological rate parameters in the ecosystem model in the equatorial Pacific, North Pacific, North Atlantic, and the Southern Ocean. Zooplankton grazing plays a major role in carbon exchange, especially in the HNLC regions. The grazing parameter regulates the phytoplankton biomass at the surface, thus controlling the biological production and the carbon uptake by photosynthesis. In the oligotrophic subtropical regions, the sea-to-air CO2 flux is sensitive to changes in the phytoplankton exudation rate by altering the flux of regenerated nutrients essential for photosynthesis.