Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pacific Northwest America'
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1
Boyd, Robert T. "The introduction of infectious diseases among the Indians of the Pacific Northwest, 1774-1874 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6418.
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Atwell, Ricky Gilmer. "Subsistence variability on the Columbia Plateau." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4048.
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Long-term human dietary change is a poorly understood aspect of Columbia Plateau prehistory. Faunal assemblages from thirty-four archaeological sites on the Plateau are organized into fifteen aggregate assemblages that are defined spatially and temporally. These assemblages are examined in terms of a focal-diffuse model using ecological measures of diversity, richness and evenness. Variability and patterning in the prehistoric subsistence record is indicated. Major trends in human diet and shifts in subsistence economies are documented and the relationship between subsistence and some initial semi-sedentary adaptations on the Plateau is clarified.
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Johnson, Rachael Renee. "The Navajo special program in the Pacific Northwest educating Navajo students at Chemawa Indian Boarding School, 1946-1957/." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/r_johnson_042910.pdf.
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Hall, David Edward. "Sustainability from the Perspectives of Indigenous Leaders in the Bioregion Defined by the Pacific Salmon Runs of North America." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2569.
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Extensive research suggests that the collective behavior of humanity is on an unsustainable path. As the evidence mounts and more people awaken to this reality, increased attention is being dedicated to the pursuit of answers for a just and sustainable future. This dissertation grew from the premise that effectively moving towards sustainability requires change at all levels of the dominant Western culture, including deeply held worldviews. The worldviews of many indigenous cultures offer alternative values and beliefs that can contribute to addressing the root causes of problems related to sustainability. In the bioregion defined by the Pacific Salmon runs of North America there is a rich heritage and modern day presence of diverse indigenous cultures. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 indigenous leaders from within this bioregion to explore their mental models of sustainability. These interviews followed a general structure that covered: (a) the personal background and community affiliation of each interviewee; (b) the meaning of the concept of sustainability from their perspective; (c) visions of a sustainable future for their communities; and, (d) how to achieve such a future.
A content analysis of the interviews was conducted and summarized into a narrative organized to correspond with the general interview structure. A process oftestimonial validity established that most participants found the narrative to be an accurate representation of their perspectives. Participant feedback led to several phrasing changes and other identified issues are discussed, including one participant's critique of the narrative's use of a first-person plural voice. Major themes from the interviews include the role of the human being as caretaker actively participating in the web of life, the importance of simultaneously restoring culture and ecology due to their interdependence, the need to educate and build awareness, and the importance of cooperation. Understanding who we are as a living species, including our profound connection with nature, along with a holistic and intergenerational perspective are suggested as prerequisite for balancing and aligning human modes of being with the larger patterns of life. The closing discussion addresses the importance of social action and going beyond a conceptual understanding to an embodiment of sustainability.
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Smith, Ross E. "Structural Bone Density of Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis): Taphonomic and Archaeological Implications." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3355.
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Describing prehistoric human subsistence strategies and mobility patterns using archaeofaunal assemblages requires archaeologists to differentiate the effects of human behavior from natural taphonomic processes. Previous studies demonstrate that differences in bone density both within and between taxa contribute to variation in element representation in archaeofaunal assemblages. Measurements of contemporary Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) skeletal elements using Dual Energy Absorptiometry (DEXA) and hydrostatic weighing revealed differences in bone volume density between elements and taxa.
Density values were highest in Pacific cod and halibut jaw elements; the lowest bone volume densities were measured in Pacific cod and halibut basipterygia. While halibut and salmon often exhibited similar bone density values, the densities of Pacific cod elements were consistently higher than those from either salmon or halibut. These density data indicate that the remains of Pacific cod are more likely to persist in archaeological deposits. When combined with existing salmon bone density measurements, these data allow for the identification of density-mediated destruction in fish faunal assemblages from along the North Pacific rim.
Analysis of cod, halibut and salmon faunal assemblages from the North Point, Cape Addington Rockshelter, Rice Ridge, Uyak and Amaknak Bridge sites revealed that density-mediated element attrition has not consistently affected cod, halibut and salmon element representation in these sites. Significant correlations identified in aggregate site assemblages were not present at finer scales of analysis; the effects of density-mediated element attrition varied between depositional contexts. This research demonstrates that bone density data can be used to differentiate the effects of density-mediated element attrition from the results of human decision-making. Once density-mediated element attrition is ruled out, archaeologists can examine the effects of human processing, transportation, preparation and disposal activities on the distribution of Pacific cod and halibut skeletal elements both within and between archaeological contexts.
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Daehnke, Jon Darin. "Public outreach and the "hows" of archaeology : archaeology as a model for education." PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3607.
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There is growing awareness of the importance of public outreach in archaeology. Many professional archaeologists argue that in order to ensure continued funding we must communicate the relevance of our discipline to the public in a more effective manner. Furthermore, it is often argued that public outreach and education provides perhaps the only reliable defense against looting and rampant psuedoarchaeology.
Current outreach activities, however, tend to focus on what archaeologists have discovered about the past. While this type of outreach is important, a more effective model for public outreach would focus on the methods of archaeology, rather than the results. Archaeology, with its focus on multiple lines of evidence, intertwining of the sciences and humanities, and multi-cultural perspective provides a unique model for addressing and answering questions, a model which could serve as a base for education. Promoting the methods of archaeology as an educational model, or at the very least, remembering the methods in our outreach activities, may be, in the long run, the most effective method for establishing the relevance of our discipline.
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Oharazeki, Kazuhiro. "Japanese prostitutes in the Pacific Northwest, 1887-1920." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Rosenberg, J. Shoshana. "Study of Prestige and Resource Control Using Fish Remains from Cathlapotle, a Plankhouse Village on the Lower Columbia River." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2356.
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Social inequality is a trademark of Northwest Coast native societies, and the relationship between social prestige and resource control, particularly resource ownership, is an important research issue on the Northwest Coast. Faunal remains are one potential but as yet underutilized path for examining this relationship. My thesis work takes on this approach through the analysis of fish remains from the Cathlapotle archaeological site (45CL1). Cathlapotle is a large Chinookan village site located on the Lower Columbia River that was extensively excavated in the 1990s. Previous work has established prestige distinctions between houses and house compartments, making it possible to examine the relationship between prestige and the spatial distribution of fish remains. In this study, I examine whether having high prestige afforded its bearers greater access to preferred fish, utilizing comparisons of fish remains at two different levels of social organization, between and within households, to determine which social mechanisms could account for potential differences in access to fish resources. Differential access to these resources within the village could have occurred through household-level ownership of harvesting sites or control over the post-harvesting distribution of food by certain individuals.
Previous work in this region on the relationship between faunal remains and prestige has relied heavily on ethnohistoric sources to determine the relative value of taxa. These sources do not provide adequate data to make detailed comparisons between all of the taxa encountered at archaeological sites, so in this study I utilize optimal foraging theory as an alternative means of determining which fish taxa were preferred. Optimal foraging theory provides a universal, quantitative analytical rule for ranking fish that I was able to apply to all of the taxa encountered at Cathlapotle. Given these rankings, which are based primarily on size, I examine the degree to which relative prestige designations of two households (Houses 1 and 4) and compartments within one of those households (House 1) are reflected in the spatial distribution of fish remains. I also offer a new method for quantifying sturgeon that utilizes specimen weight to account for differential fragmentation rates while still allowing for sturgeon abundance to be compared to the abundances of other taxa that have been quantified by number of identified specimens (NISP).
Based on remains recovered from 1/4" mesh screens, comparisons between compartments within House 1 indicate that the chief and possibly other elite members of House 1 likely had some control over the distribution of fish resources within their household, taking more of the preferred sturgeon and salmon, particularly more chinook salmon, for themselves. Comparisons between households provide little evidence to support household-based ownership of fishing sites. A greater abundance of chinook salmon in the higher prestige House 1 may indicate ownership of fishing platforms at major chinook fisheries such as Willamette Falls or Cascades Rapids, but other explanations for this difference between households are possible. Analyses of a limited number of bulk samples, which were included in the study in order to examine utilization of very small fishes, provided insufficient data to allow for meaningful intrasite comparisons. These data indicate that the inhabitants of Cathlapotle were exploiting a broad fish subsistence base that included large numbers of eulachon and stickleback in addition to the larger fishes. This study provides a promising approach for examining prestige on the Northwest Coast and expanding our understanding of the dynamics between social inequality and resource access and control.
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Ferro, Richard. "Perceptions of discrimination : Cubans in the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6574.
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Garcia, Christian Torres. "Nuestras voces resisten : experiences of Chicanas/Latinas in the Pacific Northwest." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/C_Garcia_042009.pdf.
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Kono, Nariyo. "American Students' Expectations of Teachers in the Japanese Language Classroom." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5261.
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The Japanese as a foreign language classroom in the United States is full of information about the target culture and cross-cultural interaction between American students and Japanese instructors. This cross-cultural interaction promotes culture learning but sometimes produces potential conflicts due to American students and Japanese instructors having different expectations of each other. The purpose of this study was to investigate student expectations of their Japanese teachers and to explore similarities and differences among Japanese and American expectations. The research questions addressed were 1) What do American students expect of their Japanese teachers in the Japanese language classroom? Do their expectations have any distinctive features?, and 2) What do Japanese teachers expect of themselves in the Japanese language classroom? Do their expectations have any distinctive features? The data was gathered in the two Japanese programs at universities in the Northwest. This exploratory study used both the quantitative and descriptive research methods. There were three primary data analysis procedures: multidimensional scaling analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and rank-order analysis. These multidimensional and hierarchical clustering analyses explored the underlying structure of the concept of what makes a good Japanese language teacher. The rank-order analysis revealed which beliefs were most important for different groups' judgments of who is a good teacher. In addition, the results of these analyses were discussed with the subjects through interviews. The results suggested a major similarity and also some culture differences. Both Americans and Japanese seemed to share a very basic framework about what makes a good teacher, which contained three domains: Classroom management, Interaction and Personality. However, some of the results seemed to reflect a difference between the role-specific aspects of Japanese society and the individualistic elements of American society. In addition, the rank-order analysis seemed to reveal a difference between the two schools.
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Batten, George Washington III. "Biogeography of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps) in Oregon and Southern Washington : illuminating genetic relationships among disjunct populations." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3553.
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The American pika (Ochotona princeps) finds moderately warm temperatures (>25°C) lethally stressful, and at the end of the last Ice Age 10,000 years ago was forced to disperse to cooler, "sky island" mountaintops where they are almost exclusively found today. Thirty six subspecies are recognized, all established using morphological characters, and it is uncertain whether these subspecies' designations are corroborated by genetic analyses. This study elucidates three hypotheses regarding populations in Oregon and southern Washington: 1) O. p. fumosa constitutes a subspecies distinct form O. p. brunnescens, 2) the Columbia River constitutes a barrier to gene flow giving rise to two subspecies rather than the single subspecies O. p. brunnescens, and 3) populations in eastern Oregon ( O. p. jewetti and O. p. taylori) are genetically distinct from populations in the Cascade Range ( 0. p. brunnescens and O. p. fumosa).
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O'Connell, Nicholas. "On sacred ground : the landscape literature of the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9398.
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Allerfeldt, Kristofer Mark. "The pressures for immigration restriction, the Pacific Northwest, 1890-1924." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370018.
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Yu, Pei-Lin. "Pit cooking and intensification of subsistence in the American Southwest and Pacific Northwest." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3213462.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.Title from PDF title page (viewed July 20, 2007). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-03, Section: A, page: 0986. Adviser: Lewis R. Binford. Includes bibliographical references.
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Woodruff, Amy Jo. "Cooking in Eden: Inventing Regional Cuisine in the Pacific Northwest." PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4967.
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This study examines how regional cuisine is being self-consciously constructed in the Pacific Northwest and discusses the ways in which it contributes to identity in the region. I identify the characteristics-foods, dishes, and culinary practices-of this "new" Northwest cuisine, as well as social and cultural values associated with it, and explore how together they create a sense of regional distinctiveness and loyalty. Because this type of regional cuisine is closely associated with the professional cooking community, I look to restaurants in Portland, Oregon that self-identity as representative of the Pacific Northwest and to regional cookbooks, in order to pinpoint the characteristics of Northwest cuisine and explore their regional associations. I draw on a number of qualitative methods: an analysis of regional cookbooks, a restaurateur survey, interviews with restaurateurs, and a restaurant menu analysis. The use of the region's many specialty agricultural products-berries, orchard fruits, hazelnuts, and mushrooms-in meat, game, fish and seafood dishes, as well as salads, are defining aspects of Northwest cuisine. Salmon, more so than any other foodstuff, is the quintessential Northwest food. It is historically significant and has reached iconic status in the Pacific Northwest.
Because of their association with the region's agricultural history and in some cases its cultural history, regional foodstuffs and the dishes they are used in help satisfy a growing hunger for regional identity and a sense of place among Northwesters. The past these foodstuffs are associated with is idealized and based on the same "Eden" metaphor that brought many settlers to the region during the mid-nineteenth century. By emphasizing the use of regional foodstuffs rather than a shared culinary history, Northwest cuisine embraces new residents from diverse backgrounds as well as "natives."
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Aguirre, Marco Antonio. "First-Generation Latinos at Pacific Northwest University: Their Adjustment and Experience during Freshman Year." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1025.
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This thesis details the lived experiences of ten first-generation Latino students at a large public university in the Pacific Northwest. Their experience and adjustment reveal that they relied on their friends and family, especially their parents for the male participants, for support and encouragement. The help these students received in the form of caring and social capital from faculty and staff during their freshman year ensured that they made a successful adjustment to college. Participants cite influential people and programs that motivated them to succeed and become comfortable in the college student role.
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Barton, Karen Samantha. ""Red Waters": Contesting marine space as Indian place in the United States Pacific Northwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289228.
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This study investigates the social construction of race, marine space, and resource conflict in one U.S. Native American community: the Makah Reservation, Neah Bay, Washington. A combination of archival records, news media coverage, and semistructured interviews is employed in order to expose the historic roots of the Makah Tribe's recent movement to reclaim control over traditional marine spaces. In particular, this research focuses on the gray whale controversy period between 1995-2000, when, to the consternation of conservation non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Makahs organized to resume a limited, cultural based harvest of the California gray whale in Pacific waters. This paper suggests that extant conflicts which developed between the Makah people, on one hand, and anti-whaling NGOs on another, were as much a struggle over marine space as they were a struggle over gray whale resources. Three central conclusions are drawn from the study. First, it is shown that Pacific marine "space" serves as a distinct, historical territory upon which many of the Makahs' political, cultural, and economic processes take form. Second, this research argues that NGO efforts to arrest the Makahs' contemporary whale harvest in offshore Pacific waters have been interpreted by tribal members as a neocolonialist invasion into what was once customarily managed marine space. Third, these results show how, despite the dominance of anti-whaling NGOs, Makahs have effectively mobilized global media technologies in order to empower themselves politically, transcend the territorial boundaries of the reservation, and reclaim control over the marine environment.
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Simmons, Stephanie Catherine. "Exploring Colonization and Ethnogenesis through an Analysis of the Flaked Glass Tools of the Lower Columbia Chinookans and Fur Traders." Thesis, Portland State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560956.
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This thesis is an historical archaeological study of how Chinookan peoples at three villages and employees of the later multicultural Village at Fort Vancouver negotiated the processes of contact and colonization. Placed in the theoretical framework of practice theory, everyday ordinary activities are studied to understand how cultural identities are created, reinforced, and changed (Lightfoot et al. 1998; Martindale 2009; Voss 2008). Additionally uneven power relationships are examined, in this case between the colonizer and the colonized, which could lead to subjugation but also resistance (Silliman 2001). In order to investigate these issues, this thesis studies how the new foreign material of vessel glass was and was not used during the everyday practice of tool production.
Archaeological studies have found that vessel glass, which has physical properties similar to obsidian, was used to create a variety of tool forms by cultures worldwide (Conte and Romero 2008). Modified glass studies (Harrison 2003; Martindale and Jurakic 2006) have demonstrated that they can contribute important new insights into how cultures negotiated colonization. In this study, modified glass tools from three contact period Chinookan sites: Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village, and the later multiethnic Employee Village of Fort Vancouver were examined. Glass tool and debitage analysis based on lithic macroscopic analytical techniques was used to determine manufacturing techniques, tool types, and functions. Additionally, these data were compared to previous analyses of lithics and trade goods at the study sites.
This thesis demonstrates that Chinookans modified glass into tools, though there was variation in the degree to which glass was modified and the types of tools that were produced between sites. Some of these differences are probably related to availability, how glass was conceptualized by Native Peoples, or other unidentified causes. This study suggests that in some ways glass was just another raw material, similar to stone, that was used to create tools that mirrored the existing lithic technology. However at Cathlapotle at least, glass appears to have been relatively scarce and perhaps valued even as a status item. While at Middle Village, glass (as opposed to stone) was being used about a third of the time to produce tools.
Glass tool technology at Cathlapotle, Meier, and Middle Village was very similar to the existing stone tool technology dominated by expedient/low energy tools; however, novel new bottle abraders do appear at Middle Village. This multifaceted response reflects how some traditional lifeways continued, while at the same time new materials and technology was recontextualized in ways that made sense to Chinookan peoples.
Glass tools increase at the Fort Vancouver Employee Village rather than decrease through time. This response appears to be a type of resistance to the HBC's economic hegemony and rigid social structure. Though it is impossible to know if such resistance was consciously acted on or was just part of everyday activities that made sense in the economic climate of the time.
Overall, this thesis demonstrates how a mundane object such as vessel glass, can provide a wealth of information about how groups like the Chinookans dealt with a changing world, and how the multiethnic community at Fort Vancouver dealt with the hegemony of the HBC. Chinookan peoples and the later inhabitants of the Fort Vancouver Employee Village responded to colonization in ways that made sense to their larger cultural system. These responses led to both continuity and change across time. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Holtzclaw, Michael A. "Understanding the relationship between employment and socio-economic structures on population growth: A case study of the Pacific Northwest, 1970-1990 /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946103568898.
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Beason, Alanna Cameron. "Claiming the Best of Both Worlds: Mixed Heritage Children of the Pacific Northwest Fur Trade and the Formation of Identity." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4728.
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Intimacy and family have been pillars of the North American fur trade since its conception. This is especially true for fur trading companies centered in Canada, specifically the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Northwest Company. Kinship ties formed through intimate relations between European fur traders and indigenous women allowed the fur trade to flourish and created an environment for stable, mixed heritage family units to emerge. As mixed heritage children grew into adulthood, they learned to identify with both sides of their parental cultures. However, the connections they formed with each other proved the most valuable and a separate, distinct culture emerged. In Canada this group of people are known as the Métis, a French word meaning mixed. The fur trade continued its move west and eventually reached the Pacific Ocean. This region known as the Pacific Northwest was the farthest removed from fur trade headquarters in Montreal and was home to many different Indigenous Nations. These nations, in combination with fur traders many of whom where Métis, also created families and a new culture once again came into being. It shared aspects of Métis, European, and indigenous cultures, but was something distinctly new. Through the examination of education, kinship ties, language and borders, this groups understanding of self and community came into focus.
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Dietzler, Karl Matthew 1970. "Pattern on National Forest Lands: Cultural Landscape History as Evidenced Through the Development of Campgrounds in the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11985.
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xxii, 272 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)Historic campgrounds on National Forest Service lands are a key location where the public experiences the intersection of natural and cultural resources. In the Pacific Northwest Region, the majority of historic Forest Service campgrounds date from the Civilian Conservation Corps/New Deal era of the 1930s; however, some existed previous to this period. Overall, these campgrounds were envisioned, designed, and evolved in an era of rapid technological change, when increasing industrialization, urbanization, and rural accessibility facilitated a cultural need for both preservation of and accessibility to natural resources. In order to understand how these campgrounds evolved over time, existing campground conditions were documented using a case-study approach, based on historic integrity, range of geographic accessibility, and historical data availability. In order to understand what changes have occurred over time, existing and historic conditions were compared. Based on the results, broad cultural landscape stewardship recommendations are made.
Committee in charge: Robert Z. Melnick, FASLA Chairperson; Donald Peting, Member
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Pople, Clair Elizabeth. "Gifted Black and Biracial Students at a Predominantly White Gifted School." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2347.
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The underrepresentation of gifted Black and Biracial students is a pervasive problem in and of itself, and indicates a much larger struggle of disproportionality of Black and Biracial students who are not called upon or supported in efforts to meet their academic potential. Therefore, an evaluation of the inequity generated by gifted education is warranted. It is true that the majority of gifted programs are often predominantly White. Accordingly, Black and Biracial students who qualify for gifted programs may face unique challenges in their development of racial identity and their socio-emotional health.
Using ethnographic techniques, this case study explored the ways that Discovery School, a predominantly White gifted school (PWGS), addresses race. It asked how Black and Biracial students at Discovery School understood themselves as racial beings. The fundamental research questions that guided this study were: (1) how is race addressed at a PWGS, and (2) how does a student of color feel Otherness at a PWGS? The case study was designed, and findings were analyzed, through the theoretical lens of critical race theory.
Data was collected through several means, including interviews, surveys, direct observation, and email prompts. Interviews were conducted with four gifted students of color, three teachers, and three parents. Surveys were sent home for student participants and their parents to fill out together. Teachers and administrators were asked to complete two email interview questions. Throughout the data collection, I frequently observed students learning and playing at the school and recorded field notes.
Findings indicate that:
1. Talented and gifted students thrive in programs that are uniquely tailored to meet their advanced academic and cognitive needs.
2. Policies and inadequate communication act as barriers for gifted Black and Biracial students.
3. Within a positive educational community, racial microaggressions- including the silencing of racial dialogue and individual bullying- exist.
The results of this study suggest that Discovery School operates in ways that benefit the participants of the study. Overall, the student participants (and most parent participants) were satisfied with their experiences at Discovery School. Additionally, results indicate that Discovery School could strengthen their program with a commitment to diversifying the student population and implementing culturally responsive pedagogy and antiracist practices that change the consciousness of education professionals and offer support systems for gifted Black and Biracial students, and develop curriculum that is more reflective of students of color.
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Skinner, Jeremy. "The Binfords and Mort Publishing Company and the Development of Regional Literature in Oregon." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/156.
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During the first half of the twentieth century there was a flourishing of publishers in the United States that specialized in books with content targeted for regional audiences. One of the largest regional publishers west of the Mississippi was the Binfords & Mort publishing company of Portland, Oregon. In 1930, Binfords & Mort began publishing works of fiction, history, poetry, children's literature, and natural history by Pacific Northwest authors with content focused on the Pacific Northwest. Between 1930 and 1984, when the Binford family sold the publishing company, Binfords & Mort published around one thousand titles, and became a one of the leading influences on the Oregon literary scene. Although Binfords & Mort did not publish books that received widespread critical praise from national literary critics, its books sold well to Oregon readers. This thesis examines the economic and cultural contexts for Binfords & Mort, and its larger cultural impacts. The thesis also challenges the standard claim that Oregon literature underwent a major shift toward modernism after the publication of H.L. Davis's and James Stevens's critique of Oregon writing, Status Rerum in 1927. Instead, the thesis proposes that by looking at the output of Oregon's most popular publisher, Binfords & Mort, one finds that an older style of writing focused on the pioneer period continued to be popular well into the twentieth century. These publications had a widespread impact on Oregon's cultural development.
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Craig, Rushing Stephanie Nicole. "Use of Media Technologies by Native American Teens and Young Adults: Evaluating their Utility for Designing Culturally-Appropriate Sexual Health Interventions Targeting Native Youth in the Pacific Northwest." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/24.
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American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth are disproportionally burdened by high rates of sexually transmitted infections and teen pregnancy, heightening their need for sexual health interventions that are aligned to their unique culture and social context. Media technologies, including the Internet, cell phones, and video games, offer new avenues for reaching adolescents on a wide range of sensitive health topics. While several studies have informed the development of technology-based interventions targeting mainstream youth, no such data have been reported for AI/AN youth. To fill this gap, I: a) quantified media technology use in a select group of AI/AN teens and young adults living in Pacific Northwest tribes and urban communities; b) identified patterns in their health information-seeking and media preferences; and c) worked with local tribes and partners to develop recommendations for designing culturally-appropriate technology-based interventions targeting Native adolescents. This research included: a) an anonymous, paper-based survey of over 400 AI/AN youths age 13-21 years; b) a systematic review of technology-based sexual health interventions; and c) a variety of community-based participatory research strategies to analyze findings, prioritize options, and generate recommendations for designing interventions that align with the culture, needs, and organizational capacities of the tribes in the Pacific Northwest. Technology use was exceptionally common and diverse among survey respondents, mirroring patterns reported by teens in the general population. Seventy-five percent of AI/AN youth reported using the Internet, 78% reported using cell phones, and 36% reported playing video games on a daily or weekly basis. Thirty-five percent reported that they would feel most comfortable getting sexual health information from the Internet, and 44% reported having done so in the past. Youth expressed interest in a wide array of interactive media features, and culturally-specific content that holistically encompassed their wide-ranging health interests and concerns. Tribal health educators expressed particular interest in adapting Internet-based skill-building modules and informational websites, and teens expressed interest in websites and videos. These findings are now being used by the Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board to inform the development and adaptation of culturally-appropriate interventions targeting AI/AN youth in the Pacific Northwest.
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Geissler, Vanessa. "Black and White Multiracial Adult Women’s Experience of Their Physical Appearance: A Qualitative Descriptive Phenomenological Analysis." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1478478598718205.
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Dubroca, Sandrine. "L’Ouverture de l’Ouest et du Pacifique, 1770-1846." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030033/document.
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Le litige concernant la frontière de l’Oregon, ou la question de l’Oregon, est le résultat des revendications britanniques et américaines pour la région du Pacifique Nord-Ouest de l’Amérique du Nord pendant la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis ont des aspirations territoriales et commerciales sur cette région. La région est pour les Britanniques une zone d’exploitation pour le commerce de la fourrure pour la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson, tandis que les Américains y voient une région peuplée de fermiers. Le différend sur l’Oregon est devenu important dans la diplomatie entre l’Empire britannique et la république américaineThe Oregon boundary dispute, or the Oregon Question, arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. Both Great-Britain and the United States had territorial and commercial aspirations in the region. For the British, the area was a fur-trading division of the Hudson’s Bay Company, while for the Americans the region was to be settled by farmers. The Oregon dispute became an important diplomatic issue between the British Empire and the American Republic
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Stick, David A. "Identification of optimal broodstock for Pacific Northwest oysters." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26654.
Full textAbstract:
The United States Pacific Northwest is well known for its shellfish farming. Historically, commercial harvests were dominated by the native Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, but over-exploitation, habitat degradation, and competition and predation by non-native species has drastically depleted their densities and extirpated many local populations. As a result, shellfish aquaculture production has shifted to the introduced Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. An underlying objective of this dissertation is the use of molecular genetics to improve our ability to accurately identifying optimal oyster broodstock for either restoration of Olympia oysters or farming of Pacific oysters. The ecological benefits provided by oysters as well as the Olympia oyster's historical significance, has motivated numerous restoration/supplementation efforts but these efforts are proceeding without a clear understanding of the genetic structure among extant populations, which could be substantial as a consequence of limited dispersal, local adaptation and/or anthropogenic impacts. To facilitate this understanding, we isolated and characterized 19 polymorphic microsatellites and used 8 of these to study the genetic structure of 2,712 individuals collected from 25 remnant Olympia oyster populations between the northern tip of Vancouver Island BC and Elkhorn Slough CA. Gene flow among geographically separated extant Olympia oyster populations is surprisingly limited for a marine invertebrate species whose free-swimming larvae are capable of planktonic dispersal as long as favorable water conditions exist. We found a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances supporting the premise that coastal populations are isolated by distance. Genetic structure among remnant populations was not limited to broad geographic regions but was also present at sub-regional scales in both Puget Sound WA and San Francisco Bay CA. Until it can be determined whether genetically differentiated O. lurida populations are locally adapted, restoration projects and resource managers should be cautious of random mixing or transplantation of stocks where gene flow is restricted. As we transition from our Olympia oyster population analysis to our Pacific oyster quantitative analysis, we recognize that traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping strategies use crosses among inbred lines to create segregating populations. Unfortunately, even low levels of inbreeding in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) can substantially depress economically important quantitative traits such as yield and survival, potentially complicating subsequent QTL analyses. To circumvent this problem, we constructed an integrated linkage map for Pacific oysters, consisting of 65 microsatellite (18 of which were previously unmapped) and 212 AFLP markers using a full-sib cross between phenotypically differentiated outbred families. We identified 10 linkage groups (LG1-LG10) spanning 710.48 cM, with an average genomic coverage of 91.39% and an average distance between markers of 2.62 cM. Average marker saturation was 27.7 per linkage group, ranging between 19 (LG9) and 36 markers (LG3).
Using this map we identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 5 potential QTLs in the F1 outcross population of 236 full-sib Pacific oysters for four growth-related morphometric measures, including individual wet live weight, shell length, shell width and shell depth measured at four post-fertilization time points: plant-out (average age of 140 days), first year interim (average age of 358 days), second year interim (average age of 644 days) and harvest (average age of 950 days). Mapped QTLs and potential QTLs accounted for an average of 11.2% of the total phenotypic variation and ranged between 2.1 and 33.1%. Although QTL or potential QTL were mapped to all Pacific oyster linkage groups with the exception of LG2, LG8 and LG9, three groups (LG4, LG10 and LG5) were associated with three or more QTL or potential QTL. We conclude that alleles accounting for a significant proportion of the total phenotypic variation for morphometric measures that influence harvest yield remain segregating within the broodstock of West Coast Pacific oyster selective breeding programs.Graduation date: 2012
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Griffin, Dennis. "Prehistoric utilization of thermal springs in the Pacific Northwest /." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9414.
Full text
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May, Laura. "Morphological differentiation of Alnus pollen from western North America." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3397.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing the taxonomic resolution of fossil pollen identification is important for accurate paleoecological reconstructions. Here, an attempt is made to identify the critical morphological features that will permit differentiation of Alnus pollen in fossil records. Palynologists working in the Pacific Northwest often distinguish alder pollen into two morphotypes. However, no definitive method outlining the validity of species level identifications has been devised to date. To test and validate species-level identifications, the pollen morphology of the three main alder species (Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata, Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia and Alnus rubra) that occur in westernNorth America is examined with the goal of identifying morphological characteristics with which to distinguish the pollen of these species in fossil records. Modern pollen samples were collected from 27-35 individual plants from across the range of each of the three alder species. Pollen grains (n=30) from each individual plant were examined using light microscopy at 1000´ magnification under oil immersion. For each individual pollen grain, six quantitative traits (pollen grain diameter, exine thickness, arci width, and annulus height, width and area), and three qualitative traits (pore protrusion, grain shape and arci strength) were measured. In total, 21,390 alder pollen were examined from 93 separate collections. In addition, the number of pores was determined for 200 pollen grains from each individual plant. Statistically significant differences between species were found for all quantitative traits when traits were compared via nested ANOVA. However, there is high variability in pollen morphology within each species and pollen morphology is best described as occurring along a morphological continuum. A single morphological trait is insufficient for precise identification of alder pollen to species. CART analysis, when used to derive a multi-trait classification model, is shown to be a useful tool in separating the pollen of A. rubra and A. viridis subsp. sinuata into two separate ‘morphotypes,’ analogous to species identification. The confounding intermediate morphology of A. incana subsp. tenuifolia precludes the possibility of distinguishing the pollen of all three species. CART modelling isolates A. rubra and A. viridis subsp. sinuata pollen based on annulus width, arci strength, diameter and exine thickness, traits that support the differences used by palynologists for separating alder pollen into ‘morphotypes.’ Sensitivity analysis shows clearly that the common practice of using small sample sizes (e.g. n=7 and n=15) for identifying critical morphological traits for pollen identification produces misleading and erroneous results. Regional differences in pollen morphology were also assessed by splitting the dataset into regions. Classification accuracy is diminished from over 70% to less than 20% when a CART model derived from pollen grains from one region is used to classify grains from a different region. This research underscores the importance of using large sample sizes from across species’ ranges when attempting to determine the diagnostic morphological features for accurate pollen identification.Graduate
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Guy, C. J. "Timber tracking: multi-isotope analysis for provenancing Bigleaf maple wood in the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/118168.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available electronically.Tracking timber back to its point of origin is crucial in order to prevent illegal logging and preserve our natural forests. Stable isotope ratios can provide useful information on the geographic origin of trees due to differences based on surrounding environmental, climatic and geological conditions in which the plant grew. Thus isotope ratios of wood can provide a screening tool to assist in ruling whether timber comes from a legal or illegal source. In this study we analysed three light stable isotopes and one heavy stable isotope in order to develop a model able to propose a zone of geographic origin of Bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios were measured in α-cellulose and whole-wood of Bigleaf maple sampled in 73 trees from four different states (California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia). In addition strontium (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of 10 trees were measured across this range. The relationships between these isotope ratios were examined based on geographic, climatic and geologic information in order to attempt to distinguish trees from different locations. To test the method, five blind samples were analysed to yield a proposed zone of origin. Carbon and nitrogen ratios did not show coherent geographic trends in this species across the sampled region. However, oxygen and strontium ratios revealed spatial patterns with distance from the coast and latitude. Using oxygen, blind test samples were able to be distinguished in some cases at a state level. We conclude that δ18O and87Sr /86Sr ratios provide the most promising methods for identifying latitudinal and longitudinal origin, respectively.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2015
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"Biogeography of the genus Sargassum (Heterokontophyta: Phaeophyceae) and the phylogeographic patterns of Sargassum spp. in Northwest Pacific." Thesis, 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075426.
Full textAbstract:
The biogeographical pattern of the brown macroalgal genus Sargassum as well as the phylogeography of selected Sargassum spp. along NW Pacific coast were elucidated using analytical biogeographical and comparative phylogeographical tools.To investigate the effect of freshwater outflow from Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in eastern China in shaping the genetic population structure of Sargassum spp., a comparative phylogeographic study was conducted on four closely related Sargassum species showing either continuous (Sargassum thunbergii and S. muticum ) or discontinuous (S. hemihyllum and S. fusiforme) distribution patterns along the Chinese coast. The results showed discontinuously distributed species to exhibit more haplotypes (e.g. four in TrnW_I spacer) among their populations than those with continuous distribution (two in TrnW_I spacer) pattern. Little or no population differentiation is revealed in species with a continuous distribution. Their occurrences in the brackish Bohai region may be attributed to the presence of inherited physiochemical traits that allow them to tolerate lower salinity waters in estuaries. The discontinuously distributed species, however, exhibited a deep genetic divergence among populations, as revealed by various genetic markers. There are two main lineages of S. fusiforme based on ITS2 and TrnW_I sequences, but the geographical region associated with this genetic break between the two lineages in eastern and southwestern Japan is different from that of S. hemiphyllum. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results indicate that the maintenance of the population structure of S. fusiforme appears not to be correlated with the outflow of the two rivers. For S. hemphyllum, reduced salinity as the suspected genetic barrier was investigated directly in the laboratory to elucidate its effect on the growth and survival of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense . Statistically significant difference was observed in the relative growth rate (calculated based on wet weight) of branches cultured under different salinities, with the optimal growth under salinity level of 33 ppt. The lethal limit of vegetative growth was between 0 and 10 ppt. Germlings cultured in 15 ppt attained the highest survivorship. The optimal growth of the germlings occurred at 25 ppt, while the lowest lethal limit was within the range of 0 ppt and 5 ppt. Germlings reared under low salinity were deficient in rhizoid development, making them highly unlikely to grow into large thallus in the natural environment with strong waves. Compared with the optimal and lethal salinity level of S. mutium, the lethal limits of both vegetative branches and germlings of the two species are comparable. The optimal growth of branches of S. muticum occurred under salinity level of 27 ppt, in contrast to the optimal salinity level of S. hemiphyllum at 33 ppt. This could have explained the absence of S. hemiphyllum in brackish water and support the suggestion that river discharge serves as a barrier for the exchange of genetic materials among its populations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Two allopatrically distributed varieties of S. hemiphyllum, v. chinense and v. hemiphyllum, are genetically distinct in terms of their internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and Rubisco spacer. The genetic break between these two varieties, with v. chinense distributed in southern Chinese coast and v. hemiphyllum in Japan and Korea, is situated in a region that includes Bohai, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, all of which were heavily influenced by the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China. An introgression of the mitochondrial (Mt) genome from v. chinense to v. hemiphyllum, possibly mediated by the Kuroshio Current, is evident based on the Mt marker TrnW_I spacer. Hybridization between the two varieties may still be ongoing since the concerted evolution of ITS2 is not yet saturated in the Korean population located geographically in-between the distribution of the two varieties. In contrast, no variation in ITS2 and Rubisco spacer is revealed in S. muticum, including the native Asian populations and introduced populations in Europe and North America. There is a fixed one-nucleotide difference in the TrnW_I spacer, between the population in eastern Japan and all the other populations examined. This finding supports the earlier suggestion that the source of the introduced S. muticum populations is western and central Japan (Seto Inland Sea), where the germlings of S. muticum have been associated with the Pacific oysters previously introduced for farming in Canada, UK and France in earlier years.
Cheang, Chi Chiu.
Advisers: Put O. Ang; Ka-Hou Chu.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-09(E), Section: B.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-247).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Kanne, Rande. "Phylogeographic patterns and migration history of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) in western North America." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11034.
Full textAbstract:
Garry oak (Quercus garryana Douglas ex. Hook) is a white oak (Quercus sect. Quercus) with a geographic range extending from southwestern BC to south-central California. It is the only native white oak in BC and Washington, and is the northernmost species of the California Floristic Province-Pacific Northwest white oak clade. I used molecular methods to address the following questions: 1) What are the patterns of genetic variation within Garry oak? 2) How do these patterns vary geographically, and how did the spatial distribution of the gene lineages come to occupy its current geographical range? 3) Does Garry oak show evidence of genetic interaction with other white oak species in western North America? 4) Is there morphological or genetic evidence to support the three described varieties of Garry oak?
I obtained samples of Garry oak from 117 localities over its geographic range, as well as samples of two other California white oaks (Q. lobata and Q. douglasii) and a Rocky Mountain species (Q. gambelii). Analyses of DNA sequence data from four plastid DNA regions revealed 24 distinct molecular variants (haplotypes) in Garry oak. These show a strong south-to-north decrease in genetic diversity, consistent with post-glacial northward expansion. Haplotypes present in the northern part of the range provide evidence of two separate northward migrations, only one of which reached the northern range limit of Garry oak in BC. I found that Garry oak shared plastid DNA haplotypes with two other white oak species, indicating that it hybridizes with other oaks in the southern part of its range. The nuclear ribosomal ITS phylogeny showed poor resolution, but both cpDNA and nrDNA may indicate that Q. garryana is more closely related to the white oaks of central North America than was previously thought. My findings also suggest that the three currently recognized varieties of Garry oak (var. garryana, breweri and semota) are not well differentiated genetically, but show morphological variation at the regional level. This study shows the phylogeographic patterns within Q. garryana. In addition, it contributes to conservation efforts in Garry oak ecosystems by indicating regions of high genetic diversity in Garry oak, including genetically unique populations that may be especially worthy of preservation.Graduate
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Saldana, Tina Marie. "Culturally appropriate supermarket nutrition education for Mexican-American families." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26059.
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Waatainen, Jeffrey Bernard. "Old growth forest preservation in British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest : an account of a debate for survival." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3134.
Full textAbstract:
This essay offers a study of old growth forest policy in British Columbia and
the American Pacific Northwest and, in so doing, attempts to contribute to the sparse
comparative environmental literature that uses Canada as a case study. Specifically,
the essay addresses the question of why old growth forest preservation policy
divergences so dramatically between British Columbia and the American Pacific
Northwest.
After establishing that American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old
growth forest preservation policy diverges, the author employs a chronological
methodology to reconstruct the current old growth preservation policy outcomes in
both jurisdictions. The author then identifies a series of variables that affect old
growth forest preservation policy in both jurisdictions, and examines each as a force
of divergence. The essay discusses the different influences of two non-institutional
variables-science and economics-and two institutional variables-federalism and
legalism-on American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old growth policy.
The essay concludes by discussing the question of how each variable works
with one another to produce this instance of policy divergence. The author finds that
all four variables collaborate with one another and contribute to the divergence.
However, the essay concludes that the major determining factor in this case of policy
divergence is the interplay of the two institutional variables.
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Tang, Denise Tse Shang. "Queering the Pacific Northwest : a case study of the Leaving Silence project." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12223.
Full textAbstract:
Leaving Silence: Queer Asian and Pacific Islander Oral History Exhibit (October 1996) is both a
community project and an educational campaign, that was conceived and executed in Seattle, Washington.
The 12-panel exhibit is composed of 13 narratives and 34 black-and-white photographs, and its theme is
"coming out." The narrators and those who appear in the photographs identify as queer and as Asian and
Pacific Islander. The project involved the collaboration of four community-based organizations: the Asian
Lesbian and Bisexual Alliance, the Asian Pacific AIDS Council, the Asian Pacific Islander
Homosexuality/Homophobia Education Project, and Queer & Asian. In this thesis I analyze this exhibit and
demonstrate its relevance to critical pedagogy and to all those movements interested in the establishment of
social justice.
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Kabarec-Quiroz, Tina M. "Latino youth, gangs, and community activism : a case study of advocacy anthropology." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28443.
Full textAbstract:
A social issue of great importance in contemporary society is the
involvement of youth in gangs. Youth involvement in gang activity has dominated
the national media and the minds of public policy makers in contemporary society.
In this thesis I examine how Latino and Chicano youth sub-culture, language, dress,
and style, has been first, misinterpreted and secondarily reconstructed, as a criminal
subculture by public policy makers, local law enforcement officials, public school
administrators, and the general public. The construction of Latino and Chicano
youth subculture as criminal has occurred through the process of labeling. In this
process culture and crime have become intertwined where specific cultures and
their members are perceived and then reclassified as criminal subcultures.
This thesis provides a case study of the process of labeling in a community
located in the Pacific Northwest. The community where this research project was
conducted has undergone tremendous fluctuations in its population demographics.
These changes have led to underlying tensions and conflicts between the various
ethnic and linguistic groups represented in the community. It is within this context
that the issue of youth gangs must be analyzed.
The specific purposes of thesis are to: provide the theoretical framework to
view the social discourse of youth gangs; document and analyze the community
context which has contributed to the emergence of the social discourse of youth
gangs; to document how culture, style, and crime have become intertwined to inaccurately characterize Latino and Chicano youth sub-culture as gang culture; to
document and analyze how the social discourse of youth gangs has been
constructed as a moral panic; and to provide possible solutions from applied
anthropology.Graduation date: 2002
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Dettmann, Jeffrey Alan 1967. "Anti-Chinese violence in the American northwest : from community politics to international diplomacy, 1885-1888." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10956.
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Lyall, Gordon Robert. "The Pig and the Postwar Dream: The San Juan Island Dispute, 1853-1872, in History and Memory." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4570.
Full textAbstract:
Historical events are framed by the actors of the time and then re-framed by subsequent historians and the public. This thesis examines the historiography of the San Juan Island Dispute, 1853-1871, known colloquially in the twentieth century as the “Pig War.” In 1859, after an American settler on San Juan shot a pig owned by the Hudson’s Bay Company, the American military and the British Royal Navy met in a tense stand-off resulting in a twelve year joint-military occupation of the island. This conflict was the last border dispute between the two nations. Following World War II, a message of peace became the dominant trope of histories written about the “Pig War.” The term itself has come to represent this overarching theme. With documents from the dispute, such as colonial despatches, official correspondence and newspaper editorials, this thesis considers how the event was framed at the time; and employing semiotics as a technique for discourse analysis, it examines how the “war” was re-framed in the twentieth century. The thesis follows Alfred Young’s research on antebellum America’s commemoration of the “Boston Tea Party,” with its message appropriated by politicians, merging history and myth. The “Pig War” occupies similar terrain as the reconceptualization of the event embodies its own message of a unique identity for the Pacific Northwest, associated with the 49th parallel as the world’s longest, most peaceful, “undefended” border.Graduate
2015-04-26
0578
0334
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lyallg@uvic.ca
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Cuthbert, Nancy Marie. "George Tsutakawa's fountain sculptures of the 1960s: fluidity and balance in postwar public art." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4142.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1960 and 1992, American artist George Tsutakawa (1910 – 1997) created more than sixty fountain sculptures for publicly accessible sites in the U.S., Canada, and Japan. The vast majority were made by shaping sheet bronze into geometric and organically inspired abstract forms, often arranged around a vertical axis. Though postwar modernist artistic production and the issues it raises have been widely interrogated since the 1970s, and public art has been a major area of study since about 1980, Tsutakawa's fountains present a major intervention in North America's urban fabric that is not well-documented and remains almost completely untheorized. In addition to playing a key role in Seattle's development as an internationally recognized leader in public art, my dissertation argues that these works provide early evidence of a linked concern with nature and spirituality that has come to be understood as characteristic of the Pacific Northwest. Tsutakawa was born in Seattle, but raised and educated primarily in Japan prior to training as an artist at the University of Washington, then teaching in UW's Schools of Art and Architecture. His complicated personal history, which in World War II included being drafted into the U.S. army, while family members were interned and their property confiscated, led art historian Gervais Reed to declare that Tsutakawa was aligned with neither Japan nor America – that he and his art existed somewhere in-between. There is much truth in Reed's statement; however, artistically, such dualistic assessments deny the rich interplay of cultural allusions in Tsutakawa's fountains. Major inspirations included the Cubist sculpture of Alexander Archipenko, Himalayan stone cairns, Japanese heraldic emblems, First Nations carvings, and Bauhaus theory. Focusing on the early commissions, completed during the 1960s, my study examines the artist's debts to intercultural networks of artistic exchange – between North America, Asia, and Europe – operative in the early and mid-twentieth century, and in some cases before. I argue that, with his fountain sculptures, this Japanese American artist sought to integrate and balance such binaries as nature/culture, intuition/reason, and spiritual/material, which have long served to support the construction of East and West as opposed conceptual categories.Graduate