Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pacific development'
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1
Baker, Dianne Montgomery. "Effects of energy status and metabolic hormones on pubertal development in Pacific salmon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5348.
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Tongamoa, Siupeli Taiamoni. "Aid, planning and development in the South Pacific." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357779.
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Thomas, Steven Barry. "A Regionally Integrated Pacific: The Challenge of the Cotonou Agreement to Pacific Regionalism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/906.
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The European Union (EU) has comparative advantage in regional integration. Moreover, regionalism is a growing phenomenon, as both the growing number of regional trade agreements and literature on new regionalism indicate. In this context, the EU has incorporated regional integration into European development policy as a strategy to help integrate the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states into the global economy, with the negotiation of region-to-region reciprocal free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). This thesis examines the extent to which the Pacific may constitute a region, for the purposes of the Cotonou Agreement, along cultural, political and economic dimensions of regional cooperation. This is in order to measure the potential for regional integration in the Pacific, as well as to test the applicability of the EU's regional template of development in this context. A theoretical framework is developed, based on the political economy of regional cooperation among developing states, in order to apply a series of propositions to the test the integrative potential of the Pacific region. The key finding is that regionalism in the Pacific is easily politicised. Anthropological evidence and economic analysis also confirm the informal nature of regional cooperation in the Pacific works against global imperatives for deeper regional integration, as Pacific islanders have generally not subscribed to a common identity, and the welfare benefits from regional free trade are shown to be minimal. Consequently, the Pacific accepts the EPA platform in order to maintain the development partnership with the EU, rather than because regional free trade is the most desired vehicle for development in the region. A trade agreement will therefore be concluded with the Pacific ACP states, but its form and timing remain the key issues for clarification.
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許潤詒 and Yun-yee Encon Hui. "Strategic development of inflight catering in the Asia Pacific." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267956.
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Schiffer, Jonathan R. "Postwar Soviet regional economic development policy in Pacific Siberia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633233.
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This study traces postwar Soviet regional economic development and policy in the East Siberian and Soviet Far Eastern economic regions ('Pacific Siberia 1 ) from 1955-75 (extended in some aspects to 1980). Following a general literature review of Western approaches to the study of Soviet regional development, the overall successes and constraints on regional development in the study areas are traced. After this summary overview, three distinct areas of regional problems and policy become the focus for detailed investigation: the political economy of industrial location, debates on regional (industrial) specialisation in general and in the machine building sector in particular, and an overview of the economic interrelations between the study regions and the remainder of the Soviet economy. Conclusions are drawn in relation to the interaction of these three topics with the resultant pattern of regional development.
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Hui, Yun-yee Encon. "Strategic development of inflight catering in the Asia Pacific /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18831461.
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Chan, Lai-shan, and 陳麗珊. "Development of low cost airlines in the Asia Pacific region." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2992277X.
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Chau, Mai-Mai. "The planning and negotiation process : its contribution to Concord Pacific Place." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2281.
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This thesis studies the planning and negotiation process engaged in the conceptualization and initial stages of Vancouver's waterfront urban renewal project Concord Pacific Place at the False Creek North waterfront, Vancouver.
Numerous articles have devoted attention to the physical form of this urban renewal development. However current discourse on Concord Pacific Place overlooks the planning and negotiation process, which has been integral to its urban renewal success. It is for this reason that my thesis sets out to study the planning and negotiation process in an effort to offer a new perspective on Concord Pacific.
To contextualize the development of Concord Pacific Place over the two decades between 1987 and 2007, this thesis surveys the introduction of high-rises in the city of Vancouver, looking at the city's apartment typology prior to the redevelopment of False Creek North, a brief history of Expo 86 and the planning and negotiation process behind B.C. Place, as well as the planning and negotiation process that has transformed the former Expo land into the master-planned urban neighbourhood at Concord Pacific Place. This thesis also identifies the results of the planning and negotiation process that have contributed to the False Creek North development. The material gathered includes a collection of historical and background information on the transformation of the City of Vancouver in general and in particular the False Creek North site found in published accounts, consultation of the archives of Concord Pacific, and interviews with key players involved with the development of Concord Pacific Place. City planning officials were also consulted on issues pertaining to the basic planning principles of the City of Vancouver as well as the decision-making process involving City planners and developers.
This research highlights the importance of the relationship between the City planners and the developer as well as participation from the public throughout the planning and development stages of the Concord Pacific Place development. It points out specific initiatives that were established as a result of this megaproject, the main challenges and limitation encountered with the process. It also identifies lessons learned at the end of the journey.
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Van, Der Stad Sarah Gratia. "Museums and civic engagement in the Pacific Northwest /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/5354.
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Chan, Steven Carl. "On the summertime development of the North Pacific sea-level pressure anticyclone." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8075.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Chen, Lujie. "Climate Change Conflict in Sustainable Aviation : -A case study of Cathay Pacific Airline." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58574.
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By analyzing the sustainability performance and the framework of Cathy Pacific’s sustainable management, the paper tries to make contribution to the application and dissemination of practical approaches to sustainable management in Aviation Industry. This paper can be used as a base for decision and policy making to solve the global aviation environmental conflict at the same time as a consult in the option of technology and strategy, for international cooperation and as public information about the current circumstance and outlook perspective.
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Stark, Sheila. "Development of methods to improve knowledge of tritium inputs to the ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288461.
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Sisay, Yonas Tesfa. "Development and human rights in Ethiopia : taking the constitutional right to development seriously." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87636/.
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This thesis examines the nature, content and legal implications of the constitutional right to development and investigates its (non-)realization by inquiring how development and human rights are being pursued in Ethiopia. In addressing these issues, this study analytically situates the conception of the right to development as enshrined in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution within the context of the general human rights and development debates, the normative framework of the right to development as established by the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development (UNDRD) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR). Thus, it discusses the theoretical and moral basis for linking development and human rights and conceptualizing the claim for development as a distinct human right. It further explores the evolution of the right to development into an international human rights norm and addresses its attendant controversies. It subsequently analyses the nature and content of the right to development as established under the UNDRD and ACHPR before engaging with the issues relating to the FDRE Constitution. This research has employed doctrinal and comparative legal research methodologies and also involved critical analysis of policy documents and data from secondary sources. This research finds that the right to development as enshrined in the FDRE Constitution is enunciated in ambiguous terms and asserts that it needs to be understood within the broader constitutional context of Ethiopia which, in conformity with UNDRD and ACHPR, considers development and human rights to be interdependent and mutually reinforcing projects which can only be realized through such interdependence and mutuality. It further submits that the constitutional right to development generally provides a legally binding normative framework within which development processes in Ethiopia should be pursued and puts a constitutional limit on the power of the State as it relates to development undertakings. It, however, identifies that, despite its legally binding nature, the observance of this right is not provided with effective guarantee (enforcement mechanism) as the Ethiopian courts are excluded from enforcing constitutional human rights. This study also claims that the realization of the constitutional right to development has been impeded by the governing ideologies of revolutionary democracy and developmental state which undermine the basic conditions necessary for undertaking development and human rights as interdependent and mutually reinforcing goals of the Constitution. Its review of Ethiopia’s successive development policies reveals the marginal importance given to human rights in general and the two fundamental aspects of the constitutional right to development – the right to active, free and meaningful participation in development and the right to fair distribution of the benefits of development – in particular. Its assessment of Ethiopia’s balance sheet of socio-economic development and human rights in the last decade also attests that development and human rights have been practically disentangled and signals the need for taking the constitutional right to development seriously.
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Ainsworth, Nathan James. "Strategy creation for Engineers Without Borders New Zealand’s Pacific Island engineering development projects." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7447.
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Engineers Without Borders New Zealand (EWBNZ) has recently reached a stage in its organisational growth where a new strategy is needed to ensure its future engineering development initiatives are more consistent with its guiding philosophy of delivering sustainable long term development projects. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the perceptions of the committee tasked with delivering projects revealed a preference for a strategy which enabled ‘placement’ type projects. To develop this strategy a qualitative analysis was conducted which focused on ascertaining what strategies and organisational structures are employed by comparable EWB organisations to deliver development projects. This process revealed EWB Australia to have a placement project process model which was deemed as the most acceptable to replicate. An implementation strategy and supporting set of recommendations were provided for this new placement project strategy. The most significant recommendation given to support this new strategy was to concentrate EWBNZ’s resources by prioritising projects in only two of the four countries EWBNZ currently operates. The countries deemed a strategic priority were Samoa and Tonga.
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Nwobike, Justice Chimugwuanya. "Human rights trade and development in the African Caribbean Pacific - European Union Partnership." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438124.
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Hume, Grant D. "Telecommunications and urban development in the Pacific Rim : a teleport proposal for HongKong /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796823.
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Lode, Ben Raymond. "Defining Sustainability: A Case Study of a Woody Biomass Project in the Pacific Northwest." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7777.
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Lambert, Simon J. "The assessment of Pacific Island environmental vulnerability : a critical study of the development of an environmental vulnerability index by the South Pacific Geoscience Commission." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4266.
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The interaction between science and policy in the management of the environment in
the Pacific region has seen it subject to different interpretations, practices and
policies. Importantly, this has exposed the lack of capacity to mitigate environmental
degradation in the region, and the need for accurate assessment and monitoring of
environmental change.
This thesis examines the conceptions of, and responses to, environmentally framed
vulnerability of Pacific Island communities through an examination of one attempt to
measure environmental vulnerability in the Pacific Islands by the South Pacific
Geoscience Commission (SOP AC). The historical contexts of the science and politics
involved in management of the Pacific environment are described, as the development
of SOPAC's Environmental Vulnerability Index. Their project has selected and
manipulated 47 indicators that do not accurately reflect the role that the environment
has in the lives of Pacific Islanders.
It finds that Pacific Island communities remain subject to policies and methodologies
implemented by a number of organisations that predominantly involve 'top down'
processes that are subsequently imposed on local communities. This gives rise to
problems of governance in environmental management that are not necessarily
resolved by increases in empirical scientific data, or more sophisticated environmental
modelling.
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Lim, Cheng Hwa. "Determinants of technological innovation : an exploratory study of the Asia-Pacific rim electronics manufacturing industry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26635.
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The rapid progress of the Asia-Pacific rim countries during the past three decades has attracted world-wide attention, especially in the field of technological innovation. By the mid 1980's, researchers had acknowledged that the Asia-Pacific rim region had redefined the global balance of competition while at the same time, the western nations were suffering a decline in world market share. The perspective of the Asia-Pacific rim thinking tends to gravitate towards an endogenous model, where factors are more amenable to the influence of the organisation. An investigation by the World Bank on East Asia (including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong) has uncovered emphatic evidence that the three dimensions propounded by Ohmae's model of people,finance and assets have been instrumental in enabling these economies "to acquire and master technology".This research explores the philosophy and strategic thinking of the Asia-Pacific rim electronics manufacturing industry with respect to the determinants of technological innovation. The study is divided into three major phases. The initial phase examines the respective strands of literature pertaining to the strategic issues of technological innovation. Special attention has been focused on the functional utilisation of people,finance and assets within the perspective of the Asia-Pacific rim electronics industry, leading to a broad-based framework for the study. Phase two is comprised of two main activities: the first involves exploratory interviews with four notable electronics companies and the second has entailed the gathering of data from 111 companies within the five Asia-Pacific rim countries (Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong) operating in Singapore and the United Kingdom, by means of a mailed questionnaire survey. Phase three involves qualitative as well as quantitative analyses where statistical methods such as one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test and t-tests have been undertaken to verify the data gathered from the primary research. The findings have uncovered that there are several determinants that are associated with the high rate of successful technological innovation in the sampled companies. For the people's dimension, there has been a high emphasis on training, resulting in a "nurtured" model of a worker, where numerous process innovations have been initiated by trained shop-floor technicians and engineers. At group working levels, various discussion groups (such as quality control circles and productivity discussion groups) have given rise to a collective learning process where shared knowledge enabled new products and processes to be innovated more rapidly than in the conventional departmentalised models. Other aspects of group dynamics has been the continuity (or smooth transition of innovative ideas) and good communications between functional groups thus acceleratingtechnological innovation. For the assets' dimension, the strategic foci have been shifted toautomation, flexible manufacturing process and increasing usage of information technology (including both computer hardware and software) so that new products can be brought to the market faster through the intelligent deployment of such assets and know-how. Finally, funds were found to have been allocated to expedite innovation through investment in R & D and staff training.
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Roper, Timothy David Rendall. "NZ and the EU in the Pacific: Renewable Energy as a Mechanism for Development." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8312.
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This thesis aims to undertake an evaluation of the potential for renewable energy to be used as a mechanism for the development of the Pacific region. Further to this, it examines whether NZ and the EU are well placed to contribute to any renewable energy transition in these countries by analysing their internal energy policy documents, policy ties to the Pacific region and previous actions in the renewable energy arena. The Tonga Energy Road Map, a progressive plan for renewable energy implementation, is then investigated in depth to determine its effectiveness thus far and its potential as a model for other Pacific island nations.
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Goddard, Jeffrey Harold Ryan 1955. "Patterns of development in nudibranch mollusks from the northeast Pacific Ocean, with regional comparisons." Thesis, Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1992, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9964.
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Typescript.
Includes vita and abstract.
Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references.
Content: Patterns of development in nudibranch mollusks from the northeast Pacific Ocean, with regional comparisons. -- Lecithotrophic development in Doto amyra (Nudibranchia: dendronotacea), with a review of development in the genus. -- Unusually large polar bodies in an aeolid nudibranch, a novel mechanism for producing extra-embryonic yolk reserves.
xiv, 237 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.Biogeographic patterns of developmental mode in marine invertebrates have been examined with respect to latitude, depth, and general habitat type. Regional comparisons, which might reveal the influence of specific ecological mechanisms on mode of development, are few. The present study was undertaken to: 1) characterize early development, especially its mode, in nudibranch molluscs from the cold temperate waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean: 2) compare the development of these species to that of nudibranchs from other geographic regions: and 3) attempt to explain the observed patterns on the basis of regional differences in hydrography, geology, and primary production. Observations of egg size, embryonic development and hatching larvae were made for 30 species and were supplemented with data from the literature. All data for other regions were obtained from the literature. Developmental mode was determined for 69 NE Pacific species, over half the known fauna. sixty-seven (97%) have planktotrophic development and two (Doto amyra and the introduced Tenellia adspersa) produce short-term lecithotrophic larvae. No evidence for nurse-eggs was obtained in this study, and only the egg capsules of the aeolid Cuthona lagunae were found to contain extra-zygotic yolk reserves. These took the novel form of unusually large, yolk-filled polar bodies that were ingested by the embryonic veligers. Planktotrophic species with egg-shaped, inflated larval shells develop from larger eggs than those of species with typical spiral shells. The former, however, have shorter embryonic periods, owing, in part, to their smaller egg masses; many also hatch with eyespots. World-wide I conclude that planktotrophy, at least among nudibranchs, is most common in regions with relatively slow currents, high standing stocks of phytoplankton, and large expanses of habitat suitable for the adults. This is documented by evidence from the NE Pacific, NE u.s., Britain, NW Red Sea, and NW Mediterranean. Nonfeeding modes of development tend to predominate in areas with fast boundary currents, oligotrophic waters, rapid changes in physical aspects of the adult environment, or in areas formerly in contact with polar waters (e.g., SE U.S., Marshall Is., New South Wales). Latitude and its correlates do not sufficiently account for the observed regional differences in mode of development.
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Huang, An-Hao. "The Maritime strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific region : origins,development and impact /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6718.
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Sorenson, Laurie. "Molecular Marker Development for the Discrimination of Atlantic and Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617910.
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Garcia, Teran Jessica. "Positional Analysis of Wave Power : Applied at the Pacific Ocean in Mexico." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-195854.
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The energy transition has started. The key is to find an alternative to uneconomical and unsustainable energy production. In this sense it is a challenge to develop renewable energy technologies suitable for the present and proper for the future. Uppsala University is driving the Lysekil project at its Division of Electricity. The aim is to design an environmentally friendly energy system with wave energy converters (WECs) that are simple and strong in design. However, little has been done to know more about its economically feasibility and the social impact of its benefits. Therefore, this research focuses on a positional analysis of a 3 MW Wave Power Park to understand the relevant aspects of implementing this kind of technology. The target area will be at Rosarito, Baja California at the Pacific Ocean in the Northeast of Mexico, a region experiencing increasing energy demand. This thesis combines technical, economical and social aspects. The technical part describes how the device works. The analysis is complemented by describing the current energy situation in Mexico and the social benefits of sustainable energy. Finally, the economical analysis is presented, it is focused on the perspective of the Merchant Power Plant. The review shows that wave power could be economically viable due to its high degree of utilisation. Energy diversification and security, economic and sustainable development, and clean energy are some of the advantages of wave power. Therefore, wave power is an interesting alternative for generating electricity in Mexico. However, the energy sector is highly subsidised, making it difficult for new technologies to enter the market without government participation. Another finding is that in the long run if the equipment cost decreases or subsidies are applied, the technology might be successfully implemented. Environmental consequences are described briefly, concluding that little is known and more research is needed. The environmental constraints, economic implications and uncertainties of a high energy future are disturbing. In that sense, renewable energy appears to be unequivocally better than rely to a greater extent on fossil fuels, in the sense that they offer a sustainable development and less environmental damage.
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Lyttle, David Michael John. "Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development - European Union Pacific Development Policy in Action: A study of Fijian society since December 2006." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3741.
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In early December 2006, the Fijian military seized power in a coup led by the Armed Forces commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama. It was a coup long expected, and Fiji’s fourth since 1987. Internationally, the response was swift imposing sanctions and removing or delaying international aid programmes. This has a potentially significant impact on Fiji because it is one of the largest per capita recipients of developmental aid funding in the world. However, it may also have little impact because, despite such assistance, the Fijian GDP has stagnated with an average growth of under 1% for the last 20 years. Other developmental indicators are also bleak. This thesis thus examines the dichotomy between Fiji’s ODA and its apparent inability to arrest the decline of the Fijian lifestyle and economy. However, to review all international developmental programmes across all sectors of Fijian society, while maintaining contemporary relevance and coherency, is untenable. Therefore, the thesis will focus on the European Union and its external relations with Fiji. The EU is one of the most influential partners for Fiji and is often overlooked by scholars, allowing this thesis to make a valuable contribution to developmental studies in the pacific region. The thesis has selected and examines four sectors of Fijian society, that of the Economy, Governance, Sugar, and Education sectors. This is because they are the sectors that the European Union is presently devoting most attention. Therefore, these areas best illustrate Fijian reaction to the importance and effectiveness of EU involvement. Overall, the thesis intends to demonstrate both the efficacy and the attitudes of local representatives to foreign aid programmes, and ultimately provide a unique ‘inside looking out' perspective not typical of publications about Fiji.
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Oto, Mari N. "Ethnic Identity and School Belonging Among Pacific Islander High School Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6766.
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Pacific Islander high school students in the state of Utah specifically, but across the United States generally, face significant challenges such as high levels of high school dropout and low levels of academic attainment. The purpose of this study was to examine if components of an achieved ethnic identity (exploration and commitment) are positively related to high levels of school belonging among Pacific Islander high school students in Utah. I further investigated whether self-esteem was a mediating factor in any observed relationship between ethnic identity and school belonging. Participants in this study were Pacific Islander youth between the ages of 13-19 years old and attending high school in the state of Utah. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure—Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, Simple School Belonging Scale, and demographic questions were combined in a survey and taken by 111 participants. Results indicate a significantly positive relationship between school belonging and self-esteem (r = .39, p < .001). However, no relationship was observed between ethnic identity and school belonging. Results also suggests that self-esteem is not a mediating factor, nor is it related to ethnic identity individually for these students. Another purpose of this study was to better understand Pacific Islander students in our public education system, and especially in the state of Utah. Results revealed that ethnic identity may not operate in the same way for students in this study as has been suggested in the literature for other ethnic minorities. Specifically, ethnic identity, as measured by the MEIM-R may not represent the same construct, which leads to questions about how this sample was different than other national samples. The context of Utah may have been a determining factor and may play a role in the formation of ethnic identity for Pacific Islander students who live in Utah, especially for those who are also Latter-day Saint. Future research should look closely at the relationship between religiosity and ethnic identity for Pacific Islander students in Utah schools. The findings from this study also highlight the role of self-esteem in school belonging. They suggest a need to move beyond generalizations of this group of students as "minorities" to understanding how to increase their self-esteem in hopes of boosting their sense of belonging in our schools, thus leading to greater high school retention and academic achievement for this population.
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Sheffels, Trevor Robert. "Status of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Populations in the Pacific Northwest and Development of Associated Control and Management Strategies, with an Emphasis on Metropolitan Habitats." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/665.
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The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent native to South America that was introduced to the Pacific Northwest, USA, in the 1930s. Primary damage categories from this invasive species include burrowing and herbivory, resulting in habitat degradation. Nutria have become well-established in metropolitan habitats, and anecdotal information suggests the problem has increased in recent years. However, little regional research on the species has been conducted. The scope of this research, which emphasizes metropolitan habitats, includes three primary foci in relation to nutria populations in the Pacific Northwest: modeling habitat suitability, assessing activity and movement patterns, and identifying and managing negative impacts. Large-scale management of any invasive species requires understanding of the current and potential future population distribution. Cold temperatures have been assumed to be a limiting factor for the geographic distribution of nutria populations, but this assumption had not been explicitly tested. A mechanistic habitat suitability model based on winter temperatures performed well in predicting nutria distribution in the Pacific Northwest and nationally. Regional results suggest nutria currently occupy most accessible suitable habitat. However, coupling the model with future climate change data suggests a much larger suitable habitat zone regionally and nationally in the near future. Management of an invasive species on a local scale requires region-specific information about behavior patterns. Radio-telemetry tracking of local nutria populations in metropolitan habitats suggested higher diurnal activity levels than reported elsewhere. Activity areas were also on the lower end of reported nutria home ranges, suggesting the studied metropolitan wetland sites represent core habitat for nutria in the region. Comparison of two transmitter attachment methods, a neck collar and a tail mount, did not identify a clearly superior attachment method for short-term nutria behavior studies. The presence of nutria in metropolitan habitats in the Pacific Northwest necessitates the need to expand the limited management techniques available for these habitats. Standard Vexar® plastic mesh tubes very effectively mitigated nutria herbivory damage to woody vegetation live stakes planted in a metropolitan habitat restoration site. A recently developed nutria multiple-capture cage trap captured larger nutria and reduced non-target captures compared to a standard cage trap. The design of the multiple-capture trap, however, prevented multiple-capture events because small nutria escaped the trap. This research contributes substantially to previously limited information about nutria in the Pacific Northwest and resulted in several new findings. Climate change modeling provides the first evidence that nutria ranges could expand in the near future. Evaluation of new radio-telemetry methods will benefit future behavior studies. The assessment of new damage prevention tools provides more options for the management of nutria in urban habitats. Management recommendations include creating regional nutria management plans, identifying and targeting priority monitoring regions, finding key stakeholders, focusing on public education, and initiating a pilot control program. Recommendations for research include evaluating effects on native fauna, conducting disease surveys, assessing the extent of damage, continuing habitat suitability analysis, and developing population indices.
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Ludvigsson, Andreas. "We are all victims of a crime we did not commit : Sustainable Development of Indigenous Agriculture - A Study in Western Samoa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54022.
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Western Samoa is one of the most vulnerable countries from climate changes due to its geographic location, and as agriculture is a main industry on the island, this sector is vulnerable to different risks such as tropical cyclones, heavy rainfall or droughts. Samoa could in theory be self-sufficient, but imports large quantities of processed foods which is affecting the health of the population in a negative way. The purpose of the thesis is to create an understanding of how the development of indigenous agriculture in Samoa can lead to increasing efficiency and sustainability and a decrease of the need for development aid and economical support from family members abroad. The thesis uses a deductive approach and data collection is performed by using semistructured interviews as well as observations. Secondary data has been gathered from databases, previous research and modern media. Through the study it has been explored that the resilience towards climate shocks has to improve in order to maintain a long-term sustainable development. Increased resilience is achieved by reducing the amount of vulnerabilities. Western Samoa is on a good path of keeping their way of being organic and sustainable regarding the agriculture sector. The upcoming years with prognosis of increased tourism will be a healthy addition to the economic growth of Samoa. Looking towards remittances, it becomes clear that current high rate of remittances is a problem in Samoa, as some families could rely on nothing but remittances and skip farming their land.
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East, Andrew John. "A future in the past : urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati, a Pacific case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/19333/2/Andrew_East_Citation.pdf.
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In the last 50 years, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have experienced unprecedented levels of urban development. During this time, the general failure of traditional industrialised planning models to be successfully adapted in PICs has resulted in the need to explore alternative models for urban settlement in the Pacific. In this way, the incorporation of tree based agricultural systems (agroforestry) into urban settlements has considerable potential to address many of the problems associated with rapid urbanisation such as food security, waste management, environmental degradation and unemployment. Research in the Pacific has already shown how urban agroforestry systems can improve food security, increase access to nutritional foods, recycle organic waste, create employment and protect fragile ecological systems. However, in Pacific towns and cities urban agroforestry systems are rarely developed beyond a homegarden setting. The growth of urban centres in the Republic of Kiribati is an example of the challenges confronting many rapidly urbanising PICs. With infertile soils, severely restricted land and water resources and an emerging economy, Kiribati is a developing nation where sustainable development faces some of its greatest challenges. Due to rapidly expanding urban populations, the Kiribati Government is currently investigating the development of future planned urban settlements. In such a scenario, potential exists to extend urban agroforestry systems beyond a homegarden setting and explore alternative models for sustainable urbanisation in the Pacific. This research uses a mixed methods case study approach to investigate the potential role of food producing urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati. More specifically, qualitative procedures are used to explore issues surrounding the promotion and development of urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements while quantitative procedures are used to analyse the nutritional contribution of these systems. Findings from this study show that although urban agroforestry is a highly sustainable land use it faces two main challenges in Kiribati: (i) people’s perception that urban agroforestry systems are a relatively low value land use and (ii) the general inability of the Kiribati Government to effectively regulate urban land uses. However, in the event that urban agroforestry systems were deliberately included at a settlement wide scale beyond a homegarden setting, this study highlights the initial importance of equally allocating productive lands to individual households. Furthermore, the results emphasise the value of simple on-site composting technologies as components of the broader urban agroforestry system. Finally, the marginal nature of the atoll environment is evident in findings on the nutritional contribution of urban agroforestry species in future planned urban settlements. In summary, while considerable constraints must be overcome to ensure the long term viability of planned urban agroforestry systems at a whole of settlement scale, it is argued that such an approach is one of the most cost effective, culturally acceptable and environmentally responsible methods for addressing a range of urban issues in the Pacific and is therefore an essential component to the design of future planned urban settlements in Kiribati.
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East, Andrew John. "A future in the past : urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati, a Pacific case study." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19333/.
Full textAbstract:
In the last 50 years, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have experienced unprecedented levels of urban development. During this time, the general failure of traditional industrialised planning models to be successfully adapted in PICs has resulted in the need to explore alternative models for urban settlement in the Pacific. In this way, the incorporation of tree based agricultural systems (agroforestry) into urban settlements has considerable potential to address many of the problems associated with rapid urbanisation such as food security, waste management, environmental degradation and unemployment. Research in the Pacific has already shown how urban agroforestry systems can improve food security, increase access to nutritional foods, recycle organic waste, create employment and protect fragile ecological systems. However, in Pacific towns and cities urban agroforestry systems are rarely developed beyond a homegarden setting. The growth of urban centres in the Republic of Kiribati is an example of the challenges confronting many rapidly urbanising PICs. With infertile soils, severely restricted land and water resources and an emerging economy, Kiribati is a developing nation where sustainable development faces some of its greatest challenges. Due to rapidly expanding urban populations, the Kiribati Government is currently investigating the development of future planned urban settlements. In such a scenario, potential exists to extend urban agroforestry systems beyond a homegarden setting and explore alternative models for sustainable urbanisation in the Pacific. This research uses a mixed methods case study approach to investigate the potential role of food producing urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati. More specifically, qualitative procedures are used to explore issues surrounding the promotion and development of urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements while quantitative procedures are used to analyse the nutritional contribution of these systems. Findings from this study show that although urban agroforestry is a highly sustainable land use it faces two main challenges in Kiribati: (i) people’s perception that urban agroforestry systems are a relatively low value land use and (ii) the general inability of the Kiribati Government to effectively regulate urban land uses. However, in the event that urban agroforestry systems were deliberately included at a settlement wide scale beyond a homegarden setting, this study highlights the initial importance of equally allocating productive lands to individual households. Furthermore, the results emphasise the value of simple on-site composting technologies as components of the broader urban agroforestry system. Finally, the marginal nature of the atoll environment is evident in findings on the nutritional contribution of urban agroforestry species in future planned urban settlements. In summary, while considerable constraints must be overcome to ensure the long term viability of planned urban agroforestry systems at a whole of settlement scale, it is argued that such an approach is one of the most cost effective, culturally acceptable and environmentally responsible methods for addressing a range of urban issues in the Pacific and is therefore an essential component to the design of future planned urban settlements in Kiribati.
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Oster, Marina. "European development policies towards African, Caribbean and Pacific countries: from Lomé to Economic Partnership Agreements." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4531.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to examine and evaluate the relationship between the EU and ACP countries from the Lomé Conventions to the current Cotonou Agreement, and, in particular, the new Economic Partnership Agreements which will affect the ACP countries by far more than the European Union. This paper is structured as following: At first, a short overview about the development of the trade relations between the European Community and later on the European Union and the ACP-countries will be shown. Further on, the main reasons for the changed development policy will be shown as well as the success of the Lomé era will be evaluated. In the fourth and fifth part the current situation of the trade negotiations, i. e. trade relations under the Cotonou Agreement, and the future Economic Partnership Agreements as well as their expected impact on the ACPs seen from the different perspectives views and expectations expressed by the European Union on the one hand, and by the Non-Governmental-Organizations (NGOs) and the ACP countries on the other hand - will be examined and evaluated as far as possible at the moment.
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Fadillah, Arief. "The dynamic development of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) the case of Indonesian trade and investment /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22794.pdf.
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Murahashi, Kent. "A church planting strategy for reaching a multi-racial target group in the Pacific Northwest." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Eller, Mara Kaitlin. "The last Eden the development of a regional culture of eco-spirituality in the Pacific Northwest /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-190417/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Amanda Porterfield, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Program of American and Florida Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on April 29, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 69 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ueleni, Talaivosa. "Ecotourism development in the South Pacific Islands : a sustainable alternative for mass tourism in Fiji Islands /." Electronic version of summary Electronic version of examination, 2004. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/3947.pdf.
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Jaugietis, Ingrid, and n/a. "Cultural imperialism and mass media development in the South Pacific Island States : Fiji - a case study." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.161408.
Full textAbstract:
With the onset of the independence of the Pacific
Island States, the role of the mass media and their
developmental processes began to be examined. This was
of particular interest due to the obvious lack of a
sufficient native media infrastructure to meet the
demands of an indigenous population who were being
introduced to a new world sphere and system.
The main problem of mass media development in the
Pacific lies in the fact that the nations in this area
are still relatively behind in the basic structures of
media participation. They lack technological knowledge
of the various forms of media, the basic training and
skills, and, moreover, the monetary means to address such
deficiencies in the media. The outcome of this
circumstance has been that Pacific media have become
increasingly dependent upon the Western, industrialized
nations such as the USA, Australia and New Zealand.
Such dependence on these foreign nations has given
rise to the question of 'cultural imperialism'. The
aforementioned countries have a large influence in the
Pacific through the unequal relaying of communication and
cultural products and in the ownership of mass media
agencies. This history of foreign based, imported
culture has manifested itself in increased urbanization,
social disruption, and greater commodity dependence and
consumerism in the Pacific.
This study will therefore be an attempt to analyse
the media development processes of the Pacific by using
Fiji as a case study. The critical analysis will come
from Wallerstein's World System perspective. Further, it
will be shown how Fiji's historical, involvement in the
'capitalist world economy', and her history of racism in
the political and communication aspects of her society
have helped shape her present media system. The
underlying premise of the argument, will be that these
factors have not been beneficial to achieving mass media
development based on self-sufficiency, nor on harmony
between the ethnic groups of Fiji.
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Naber-Fisher, Glenellyn Mercedes Kae. "The Roles of Mentoring and Family Support in the Development of Asian Pacific American Female Leaders." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1257196971.
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Kwan, Yee-fai Mike. "A comparative study of the growth triangles in Asian Pacific rim : lessons for regional development planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18039972.
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Mefford, Miriam Seveses. "Balancing Internal Controls with Change Management in the Pacific Military Unit." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7267.
Full textAbstract:
Federal government managers were advised to strengthen internal controls; the law dictates attestation of effective management controls, and the internal control program is used to detect risks. However, managers lacked preparatory training, with training being overlooked given the increased responsibilities. Managers are assigned the programmatic role regardless of the lack of program standards in knowledge, skill, and ability. The research questions addressed change management components, concepts, and core qualifications relative to program readiness. The purpose of this single case study was to identify and explore change management components contributing to the effectiveness of internal controls. The conceptual framework was based on Lewin's change concepts of unfreezing, moving or changing, and refreezing phases with the inverse principle in field theory. Thirteen professionals from the pacific military unit in Hawaii participated in semistructured interviews. Inductive coding was used to thematically analyze the data. The key results of the emerged themes illustrated how: organization skillset was used for linking change components to internal controls, assessment was a tool used for transforming a manager's concept, and experience was essential in leading change core qualifications. Significance of the study was the promotion of stronger measures in preventing fraud, waste, and mismanagement of limited resources. The research results could inspire social change by increasing communication and collaboration to benefit senior leaders, and financial and program managers. The value-added training concepts and leadership innovation, and how managing change relates to internal control could lead to program success thus benefiting all primary stakeholders.
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Collins, Dominic Noel. "Forced Migration and Resettlement in the Pacific - Development of a Model addressing the Resettlement of Forced Migrants in the Pacific Islands Region from Analysis of the Banaban and Bikinian Cases." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3234.
Full textAbstract:
There are currently several potential threats to the long-term habitability of many atolls and islands in the Pacific Islands region, with environmental change appearing the most serious. Minimal attention has been given to the possibility that migrants forced from uninhabitable islands will require resettlement en masse, and assessing past resettlements is crucial to planning for what the future my hold.
Population resettlement is not a new phenomenon in the Pacific Islands region, yet recently it has been neglected by academics. This study builds on past work by Bedford and assesses the current literature in the fields of population resettlement and forced migration, finding that the situation threatening the Pacific Islands is not adequately addressed by any of the planning or analytical tools available. A model based predominantly on the work of Cernea and Muggah was developed by the author to account for this theoretical shortcoming.
The model is used to assess the past cases of resettlement from Banaba and Bikini Atoll, identifying variables which influence the success of resettlement. Conclusions are drawn from the case studies and recommendations for how to avoid negative outcomes in future resettlements are made. This study advances the current literature, provides an in-depth analysis of pressing yet hitherto avoided issues, and can inform both foreign and domestic policy planning in not just Pacific Island states, but receiver states and other potentially effected islands or atolls regardless of region.
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Kunbuor, Benjamin Bewa-Nyog. "Decentralisation and land administration in the Upper West Region of Ghana : a spatial exploration of law in development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/39305/.
Full textAbstract:
Decentralisation for local community development has become the new paradigm of development discourse in Ghana in the present times. There is currently an elaborate legal framework in Ghana on decentralisation as a means for addressing local community development. The role of law in development is therefore implicated in the discourse. This study raises provocative, startling and challenging questions not only on the decentralisation programme, but the appropriate theoretical framework for reading the role of law in development. The study argues that decentralisation in Ghana is a spatial strategy of the state for addressing the crisis of its political economy and not one necessarily for local community development. Taking its starting point in land administration in the Upper West Region of Ghana (predominantly agrarian communities), the study explores how the objectives of decentralisation in Ghana address the subjectivity of development needs of local communities in Ghana. The study's contention is that the legal regime of the decentralisation programme and its praxis fail to address a pertinent development concern (land) of the Upper West communities. The study argues that if local community development were the object of the programme, it would perforce address the problematic of land administration that is an important concern for predominantly subsistence farming communities. The study also demonstrates how a spatial reading of social phenomenon provides critical insights to an understanding of the role of law in development. The study is based on a field study conducted in Ghana and among the communities of the Upper West Region, through interviews with officials of institutions, traditional authorities and civil society organisations. The interviews were complemented by written primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include documents from the National Archives in Ghana and from decentralised institutions in the Upper West Region. Secondary sources include unpublished essays and theses, books, articles, reported cases in the Ghana Law Reports, unreported and/or pending cases in the Ghanaian courts.
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Ramírez, Orbe Josselyn Paola, Utia Kenny Gonzales, and Madrid Davelouis Manuel Adriano La. "Los centros de desarrollo empresarial como herramienta para la internacionalización de las Mipyme dentro del marco de la alianza pacifico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622012.
Full textAbstract:
El presente trabajo consiste en una investigación documental sobre los Centros de Desarrollo Empresarial y su impacto de internacionalización en las MIPYME en el Perú bajo el marco de la Alianza del Pacifico, lo cual se realizó un análisis acerca de los modelos de CDE aplicados en diferentes países de Latinoamérica.
De esta manera, la investigación documental incluye un marco teórico en el que se observa y definirán conceptos como el contexto de la Alianza del Pacifico, las herramientas de los Centros de Desarrollo Empresarial y el concepto de las estrategias de internacionalización.
La metodología que se empleó para llevar a cabo la investigación fue la revisión y análisis bibliográfico de modelos de centros de desarrollo empresarial enfocado en la implementación e impacto en diferentes países de Latinoamérica. Así mismo, se realizó el análisis en dos entrevistas a expertos del tema en cuanto el potencial de las MIPYME y su desarrollo con la herramienta de los CDE.
Los resultados del análisis dieron la importancia de desarrollar un modelo de CDE en el Perú con el objetivo de que las MYPES puedan ser sostenibles e internacionales. Además, dicho trabajo resalta el rol importante que tiene AP en cuanto el desarrollo de CDE y su integración entre los países de la alianza.The present work consists of a documentary research about the Business Development Centers and their impact of internationalization in the small companies in Peru under the framework of the Pacific Alliance, which made an analysis about the models of SBDC applied in different Countries of Latin America. In this way, documentary research includes a theoretical framework in which concepts such as the context of the Pacific Alliance, the tools of the Business Development Centers and the concept of internationalization strategies are observed and defined. The methodology used to carry out the research was the review and bibliographic analysis of models of business development centers focused on the implementation and impact in different countries of Latin America. Likewise, the analysis was carried out in two interviews with experts on the subject regarding the potential of small companies and their development with the advice of SBDC. The results of the analysis gave the importance of developing a model of SBDC in Peru with the objective that small companies could be sustainable and international. In addition, this paper highlights AP's important role in the development of SBDC and their integration among alliance countries.
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Nice, Helen Elizabeth. "The effect of endocrine disruptors on the growth and development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271354.
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O'Sullivan, Brian. "Away All Boats: A Study of the evolution and development of amphibious warfare in the Pacific War." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1641.
Full textAbstract:
Amphibious operations are a topic central to the history of World War Two in the Pacific Theatre. The majority of research on this topic has been centred on the impact of American experiences and successes attributed to the development and evolution of amphibious warfare. The contributions of the United Kingdom and Japan to the development of amphibious warfare have been either overlooked or marginalized. This thesis will investigate the amphibious activities of all three powers both during and before the Pacific War, and seek to explain the importance of each nation's contribution to amphibious warfare. In addition, the thesis will demonstrate how in its highest forms amphibious operations became a fully fledged system of global force projection. The thesis will explain how each of these powers interpreted the legacy of the failure of the 1915 Gallipoli campaign both in the context of their own wartime experiences, and in their respective strategic worldviews. This interpretation is central to how each power prepared for amphibious operations in the next war. The importance of the geography of the Pacific Ocean to the evolution and development of amphibious warfare will be discussed, as will the advances in technology that allowed the creation of logistical systems to support these operations.
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Apollo, Rolando Alberto, and Paul Dexter Bennett. "The development of an information system master plan for the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Hawaii." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38534.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedThis thesis provides a general description of the communication facilities and systems currently used by the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF). The system interface requirements to support current range operations are identified and a description of current communications system shortfalls is provided aiong with recommendations for short-term improvements. A vision of the future is also provided. It suggests that PMRF must adopt a coordinated, integrated, and centralized approach to range communications. Current and future communications system technologies such as digital communications, applicability of different transmission media, and application of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) are mentioned as avenues for implementing a fully integrated data, voice, and video real-time information network that will support future PMRF range users' service requirements.
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Apollo, Rolando Alberto Bennett Paul Dexter. "The development of an information system master plan for the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Hawaii." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA252970.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Telecommunications Systems Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992.Thesis Advisors: Boger, Dan C. ; Stevens, Louis D. "March 1992." Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67). Also available in print.
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Robinson, Shawn Michael Charles. "Early life history characteristics of Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes 1847, in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia : hydrodynamics, dispersal, and analysis of growth rates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29378.
Full textAbstract:
Cohorts of larval Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes 1847, were studied from hatch during the spring of 1985, 1986, and 1987 in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. The main objectives were to study the patterns in the larval dispersal process, to study a major spawning area for Pacific herring to determine whether this site may act as a nursery area for the resulting year-class, and to evaluate the current hypotheses concerning survival of the larval year-class for their applicability to Pacific herring.
Results indicated a significant proportion of larval herring which hatched in Lambert Channel quickly dispersed into Baynes Sound, probably through a combination of tidal movements and wind driven surface currents. Baynes Sound was shown to be much more stable than Lambert Channel due to strong stratification through freshwater input and protection from wind mixing by the surrounding land masses which may also have resulted in an earlier spring plankton bloom. Baynes Sound also had significantly higher densities of microzooplankton important to the early feeding herring larvae than Lambert Channel and outside waters. The suite of potential predators was also different between the two channels with Baynes Sound having more hydromedusae and Lambert Channel having more chaetognaths and polychaetes.
Analysis of larval growth rates using an RNA/DNA ratio technique on individuals from the yolk sac stage onwards indicated the larvae initially grew very slowly but, by postflexion were growing over 25 %•d⁻¹ in protein. Starvation did not
appear to play an important role in mortality. The RNA/DNA ratio was demonstrated to be directly correlated with a morphometric condition factor Pacific herring larvae indicating it can also be used as a condition factor. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean protein growth rate measured with RNA/DNA ratios and the mean nauplii density. Feeding larvae in Baynes Sound were found to be growing faster than those in Lambert Channel suggesting Baynes Sound was being used as a nursery area. Analysis of otoliths suggested there was a significant increase in survival of larval herring having higher growth rates over as little as a 3-week period.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Hamilton, Sarah A. Braun. "Writing Chinuk Wawa: A Materials Development Case Study." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2875.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the development of new texts by fluent non-native speakers of Chinuk Wawa, an endangered indigenous contact language of the Pacific Northwest United States. The texts were developed as part of the language and culture program of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon for use in university-sponsored language classes. The collaborative process of developing 12 texts was explored through detailed revision analysis and interviews with the materials developers and other stakeholders.
Fluent non-native speakers relied on collaboration, historical documentation, reference materials, grammatical models, and their own intuitions and cultural sensibilities to develop texts that would be both faithful to the speech of previous generations and effective for instruction. The texts studied were stories and cultural information developed through research-based composition, translation from interlinear and narrative English in ethnographic sources, and editing of transcribed oral narrative.
The revision analysis identified points of discussion in the lexical development and grammatical standardization of the language. The preferred strategy for developing new vocabulary was use of language-internal resources such as compounding although borrowing and loan translation from other local Native languages were also sometimes considered appropriate. The multifunctionality of the lexicon and evidence of dialectal and idiolectal usage problematicized the description of an “ideal” language for pedagogical purposes. Concerns were also expressed about detailed grammatical modeling due to potential influence on non-native speaker intuitions and the non-utility of such models for revitalization goals.
Decisions made in the process of developing texts contributed to the development of a written form of Chinuk Wawa that would honor and perpetuate the oral language while adapting it for the requirements of inscription. The repeated inclusion of discourse markers and the frequent removal of nominal reference brought final versions of texts closer to oral style, while inclusion of background information and the avoidance of shortened pronouns and auxiliaries customized the presentation for a reading audience.
The results of this study comprise a sketch of one aspect of the daily work of language revitalization, in which non-native speakers shoulder responsibility for the growth of a language and its transfer to new generations of speakers.
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Edwik, A. A. "Oil dependency, economic diversification and development a case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2189/.
Full textAbstract:
The Libyan economy relies heavily on increasing oil revenues, which may deteriorate with a future oil price decline. The Libyan economy performed as well as resource poor countries over the past few decades. The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to Libya but, despite the substantial oil revenues, much of the potential benefit of the windfall has been dissipated. Libya relies heavily on oil receipts, the price of which tends to fluctuate widely in the international market. Also, the Libyan economy is dominated by hydrocarbons and the public sector. Sizeable oil wealth has supported a decent living standard for Libya's population, and socio-economic development compares favourably with standards in other Middle Eastern and North African countries. Libya has the potential to raise oil production and revenues significantly in coming years, given its large reserve. The reliance of public finance on a single sector means that shocks threaten the economy's fiscal balance and stability. Libya has over-consumed in response to windfalls from surges in world prices. Libyan government spending has outstripped the gain in revenues. These sharp increases in government spending are difficult to reverse when the boom ends and often lead to large fiscal deficits rather than surplus. However, the main challenge for Libya is to promote growth of the non-oil sector and spur diversification of its economy. Non-hydrocarbon GDP growth has been weak and oil revenue volatility has been transmitted to non-hydrocarbon GDP. Weak non-oil GDP growth reflects both insufficient private investment and low productivity of capital importing efficiency. Productivity growth is a precondition for faster growth and greater investment effort. Strong productivity growth is also a prerequisite for competitive diversification out of hydrocarbon. Projected high oil revenue will provide the finance for growth but will not necessarily spur sustained growth in the non-oil sector. Overoptimistic predictions of future oil revenues are shown to have seriously adverse consequences, particularly if the non-oil economy adjusts to falling demand through underdevelopment and capital flight is provoked. Policy options for protecting the economy from volatility in oil revenues, without eliminating the benefits from rising prices include the formation of a stabilization fund and hedging strategies in the international markets. The stabilization fund would smooth consumption and reduce the costs associated with volatile spending. Libya needs sound economic management and to address the problems associated with oil windfalls. Market processes are required to help allocate public resources, and governments and others responsible must take account of risk and uncertainty when selecting projects, and formulating plans for development. Consequently, there is a macroeconomic need to diversify the economy to avoid the pitfalls which so often plague developing countries with vast natural resources. The decisions concerning public investment in a social economic infrastructure would be better if unconnected to the presence of hydrocarbon windfalls. To speed up non-oil growth and job creation, the oil windfalls should be used strategically, with the aim of facilitating the transition to a competitive, market-led economy. Over the long-term, the intermediation of hydrocarbon windfalls through the household and business sectors might produce superior long-term growth, but it should go in tandem with considerable strengthening of the investment climate. Enhancing the quality of Libya's human resources will also be essential to improve productivity and diversify out of oil - especially into services - and compete in the global economy. Improving the quality of governance deserves particular attention, because it underlies the development reform agenda. Libya would probably have seen a larger benefit from its windfalls had it saved a higher proportion abroad and limited domestic investment through applying market criteria more rigorously. Quite clearly, good fiscal control of periodic boom episodes enables the boom to temporarily accelerate the rate of economic development. In addition, such questions as the magnitude of the windfalls, how Libya has used them and their impact on non-oil a sector have been addressed in this research. The adoption of sound economic policies and the good management of oil windfall gains will allow Libya to continuously manage growth and become one of the greatest success stories of all developing countries.
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Jakka, Ateeq Abdul-Aziz. "Development administration in the United Arab Emirates : a socio-political approach." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36095/.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) development administration with particular emphasis on the effect of its social and cultural features on its bureaucracy and indigenous civil servants. The thesis analyses the U.A.E.'s political and historical background and its effects on the federal bureaucracy. It stresses that unless we understand the political and historical origins of the country, we will not be able to comprehend its administrative system. The study examines the ecology of the U.A.E.'s public administration. It identifies socio-cultural, educational and demographic variables as the three main ecological forces that play a significant role. The thesis provides a theoretical appraisal of the working of the federal administrative machinery in the U.A.E. It examines the administrative functions of the Federal Council of Ministers and the Federal Civil Service Council and identifies their weaknesses. The study explores the administrative problems facing the federal bureaucracy. Administrative inflation, shortage of indigenous skilled manpower, lack of job classification and the weakness of federal apparatuses in comparison to their local counterparts are the major stumbling blocks in the way of efficient administration in the U.A.E. Through a questionnaire based survey which obtained 312 (81%) responses the thesis empirically confirms the linkage between the indigenous employees' administrative performance and the socio-cultural variables surrounding them. It reveals that most of the irrational attitudes and behaviour of indigenous employees are not solely the result of corruption but rather of the social and cultural pressures which force them to apply particularistic approaches i.e. nepotism, favouritism,etc, in order to satisfy their familial interests over their organizational interests. Accordingly, most indigenous civil servants decline to recognize the administrative obligations of their jobs as being more essential than their familial obligations.