Journal articles: 'Pacific climate change adaptation'

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Whitney, Charlotte K., Tugce Conger, Natalie C. Ban, and Romney McPhie. "Synthesizing and communicating climate change impacts to inform coastal adaptation planning." FACETS 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 704–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2019-0027.

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Planning for adaptation to climate change requires regionally relevant information on rising air and ocean temperatures, sea levels, increasingly frequent and intense storms, and other climate-related impacts. However, in many regions there are limited focused syntheses of the climate impacts, risks, and potential adaptation strategies for coastal marine areas and sectors. We report on a regional assessment of climate change impacts and recommendations for adaptation strategies in the NE Pacific Coast (British Columbia, Canada), conducted in collaboration with a regional planning and plan implementation partnership (Marine Plan Partnership for the North Pacific Coast), aimed at bridging the gaps between climate science and regional adaptation planning. We incorporated both social and ecological aspects of climate change impacts and adaptations, and the feedback mechanisms which may result in both increased risks and opportunities for the following areas of interest: “Ecosystems”, “Fisheries and Aquaculture”, “Communities”, and “Marine Infrastructure”. As next steps within the region, we propose proactive planning measures including communication of the key impacts and projections and cross-sectoral assessments of climate vulnerability and risk to direct decision-making.

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Wang, Guangyu, Tongli Wang, Haijun Kang, Shari Mang, Brianne Riehl, Brad Seely, Shirong Liu, Futao Guo, Qinglin Li, and John L. Innes. "Adaptation of Asia-Pacific forests to climate change." Journal of Forestry Research 27, no. 3 (March 18, 2016): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0218-1.

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Frankland, Richard, Lisa Hardwick, and Samuel Watkin. "Climate change adaptation in a small Pacific island nation." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 165, no. 6 (November 2012): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.11.00054.

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Inamara, Aaron, and Verena Thomas. "Pacific climate change adaptation: The use of participatory media to promote indigenous knowledge." Pacific Journalism Review 23, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.210.

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Pacific Island communities are increasingly experiencing the impacts of climate change. Inaccessibility to relevant information about contemporary climate change adaptation strategies at the community level presents challenges. At the same time, indigenous strategies to adapt to climate changes have been overlooked in both local and global climate change debates. This article discusses a project undertaken with a community on Andra Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea. Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies were explored through photo essays developed by community members, engaging in approaches of visual participatory action research and indigenous research approaches. The collaboration with the Andra Island community created a space for reflective dialogue about challenges posed by climate change as well as how photo essays can be used to promote Indigenous Knowledge (IK) as a viable capital for community-based adaptation (CBA). Within this context, this article demonstrates how climate change is both a natural and cultural process of change which poses socio-economic challenges. These challenges can compel people to engage in unsustainable practices that might exacerbate natural climate change impacts. The article highlights that building community capacity in participatory media can be an important tool to forge collective synergy, dialogue and ownership in local climate change initiatives. In particular, the authors demonstrate how participatory media can be harnessed to integrate indigenous knowledge in community-based climate change adaptation.

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Mahany, Mollie J., and Mark E. Keim. "Challenges and Strategies for Climate Change Adaptation Among Pacific Island Nations." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.44.

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ABSTRACTFew regions of the world are at higher risk for environmental disasters than the Pacific Island countries and territories. During 2004 and 2005, the top public health leadership from 19 of 22 Pacific Island countries and territories convened 2 health summits with the goal of developing the world's first comprehensive regional strategy for sustainable disaster risk management as applied to public health emergencies. These summits followed on the objectives of the 1994 Barbados Plan of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and those of the subsequent Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World. The outputs of the 2004 and 2005 Pacific Health Summits for Sustainable Disaster Risk Management provide a detailed description of challenges and accomplishments of the Pacific Island health ministries, establish a Pacific plan of action based upon the principles of disaster risk management, and provide a locally derived, evidence-based approach for many climate change adaptation measures related to extreme weather events in the Pacific region. The declaration and outputs from these summits are offered here as a guide for developmental and humanitarian assistance in the region (and for other small-island developing states) and as a means for reducing the risk of adverse health effects resulting from climate change.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:415-423)

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von Seggern, Janne. "Understandings, Practices and Human-Environment Relationships—A Meta-Ethnographic Analysis of Local and Indigenous Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Selected Pacific Island States." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010011.

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Local and Indigenous knowledge systems worldwide indicate adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change. Particularly in regions that are massively affected by climatic changes, such as the Pacific Island States, there is a need for increased and combined research on the role which these knowledge systems can play internationally. For this reason, this article provides a synthesis of empirical results and approaches to local and Indigenous climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in selected South Pacific Island States by using a meta-ethnographic approach. The reviewed literature is associated with the sub-disciplinary perspective of the Anthropology of Climate Change. The results of the meta-ethnographic analysis are discussed based on three thematic focal points: First, the empirical ground of local understandings of climate change and its theoretical conceptualization(s) are constituted. Second, the results of practices for adaptation to climate change are synthesized and presented in detail throughout one example. Third, the synthesis of climate change mitigation practices is outlined with a specific focus on human-environment relationships.

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Webber, Sophie. "Circulating climate services: Commercializing science for climate change adaptation in Pacific Islands." Geoforum 85 (October 2017): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.07.009.

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Walshe, Rory A., Denis Chang Seng, Adam Bumpus, and Joelle Auffray. "Perceptions of adaptation, resilience and climate knowledge in the Pacific." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2017-0060.

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Purpose While the South Pacific is often cited as highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, there is comparatively little known about how different groups perceive climate change. Understanding the gaps and differences between risk and perceived risk is a prerequisite to designing effective and sustainable adaptation strategies. Design/methodology/approach This research examined three key groups in Samoa, Fiji and Vanuatu: secondary school teachers, media personnel, and rural subsistence livelihood-based communities that live near or in conservation areas. This study deployed a dual methodology of participatory focus groups, paired with a national mobile phone based survey to gauge perceptions of climate change. This was the first time mobile technology had been used to gather perceptual data regarding the environment in the South Pacific. Findings The research findings highlighted a number of important differences and similarities in ways that these groups perceive climate change issues, solutions, personal vulnerability and comprehension of science among other factors. Practical implications These differences and similarities are neglected in large-scale top-down climate change adaptation strategies and have key implications for the design of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and therefore sustainable development in the region. Originality/value The research was innovative in terms of its methods, as well as its distillation of the perceptions of climate change from teachers, media and rural communities.

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Vize, Sue. "Using Education to Bring Climate Change Adaptation to Pacific Communities." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (September 2012): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973408212475202.

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Wang, Guangyu, Tongli Wang, Haijun Kang, Shari Mang, Brianne Riehl, Brad Seely, Shirong Liu, et al. "Erratum to: Adaptation of Asia-Pacific forests to climate change." Journal of Forestry Research 28, no. 5 (July 17, 2017): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0463-y.

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Gilfillan, Daniel, Stacy-ann Robinson, and Hannah Barrowman. "Action Research to Enhance Inter-Organisational Coordination of Climate Change Adaptation in the Pacific." Challenges 11, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11010008.

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Pacific regional organisations focusing on climate change have overlapping adaptation-related mandates. With the growing importance of regional organisations in supplying financial and technical resources for climate adaptation in small island developing states, it is important to understand how well these supranational organisations work together on these issues. In this paper, theories of regionalism and neofunctionalism, complex systems, and superordinate group identity are used to design an action research project that tests the level of coordination between Pacific regional organisations. It presents and discusses a pre-analysis plan for the project, the goal of which is to determine the ways in which virtual team structure can be used to enhance inter-organisational coordination of adaptation interventions across small, dispersed, resource-constrained country jurisdictions. The proposed study represents an important intermediary step in developing more robust climate-related organisational policies at the regional scale in the Pacific and beyond.

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Amran, Azlan, Yashar Salamzadeh, and Athivagar Athinarayanan. "Climate Change Adaptation Disclosure Among the Companies in the Asia-Pacific Region." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.294096.

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Climate change, due to its significant global impact, has been the focus of many recent researches. Many businesses adapt their activities to be more compliant with climate change control, and these efforts are disclosed to the stakeholders and society at large. This research is conducted on leading companies in the Asia-Pacific (APEC) region from the Forbes Global 2000 Leading Companies list, from 13 APEC countries Beside the impact of culture, Based on the results, the presence of CSR committee is positively related to the climate change adaptation disclosure and Companies collaborating with NGOs reported a positive relationship with climate change adaptation. Conducting our study in APEC region and having a comprehensive view on the countries located in this region on one hand and considering the most successful companies on the other hand are among the originalities of our research. Also considering variables such as national culture, NGO alliances, CSR committees and top management’s commitment beside “climate change adaptation disclosure” is new in academic literature.

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Johnson, Fiona, Philippa Higgins, and Clare Stephens. "Climate change and hydrological risk in the Pacific: a Humanitarian Engineering perspective." Journal of Water and Climate Change 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 647–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.277.

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Abstract Pacific Island communities have adapted to floods, droughts and cyclones over many generations. Small and low-lying islands are particularly exposed to natural disasters, and many countries have limited access to water resources. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to further increase these environmental pressures. Any associated engineering response needs to consider the cultural, societal and historical context, and prioritise the agency of local communities to determine their preferred outcomes. It follows that Humanitarian Engineering, a discipline centred around strengths-based and context-appropriate solutions, has an important role to play in climate change adaptation. In this review, the interplay between hydroclimatology, geography and water security in the Pacific Islands is described and projected climate shifts summarised to highlight future adaptation challenges. A key source of uncertainty relates to the dynamics of two convergence zones that largely drive weather patterns. A broad overview of societal factors that present challenges and opportunities for Humanitarian Engineers is given. Finally, actions are recommended to inform climate change adaptation given the scientific uncertainty around hydrologic risks, and outline lessons for best practice Humanitarian Engineering in the Pacific. Enhancing data sharing, building resilience to climate variability and integrating traditional knowledge with convention engineering methods should be key areas of focus.

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Doubleday, Annie, Nicole A. Errett, Kristie L. Ebi, and Jeremy J. Hess. "Indicators to Guide and Monitor Climate Change Adaptation in the US Pacific Northwest." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 2 (February 2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305403.

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Objectives. To develop a set of indicators to guide and monitor climate change adaptation in US state and local health departments. Methods. We performed a narrative review of literature on indicators of climate change adaptation and public health service capacity, mapped the findings onto activities grouped by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Ten Essential Services, and drafted potential indicators to discuss with practitioners. We then refined the indicators after key informant interviews with 17 health department officials in the US Pacific Northwest in fall 2018. Results. Informants identified a need for clarity regarding state and local public health’s role in climate change adaptation, integration of adaptation into existing programs, and strengthening of communication, partnerships, and response capacity to increase resilience. We propose a set of climate change indicators applicable for state and local health departments. Conclusions. With additional context-specific refinement, the proposed indicators can aid agencies in tracking adaptation efforts. The generalizability, robustness, and relevance of the proposed indicators should be explored in other settings with a broader set of stakeholders.

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Klöck, Carola, and Patrick D. Nunn. "Adaptation to Climate Change in Small Island Developing States: A Systematic Literature Review of Academic Research." Journal of Environment & Development 28, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519835895.

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Small Island Developing States (SIDS) share a common vulnerability to climate change. Adaptation to climate change and variability is urgently needed yet, while some is already occurring in SIDS, research on the nature and efficacy of adaptation across SIDS is fragmentary. In this article, we systematically review academic literature to identify where adaptation in SIDS is documented; what type of adaptation strategies are taken, and in response to which climate change impacts; and the extent to which this adaptation has been judged as successful. Our analysis indicates that much adaptation research is concentrated on the Pacific, on independent island states, and on core areas within SIDS. Research documents a wide array of adaptation strategies across SIDS, notably structural or physical and behavioral changes. Yet, evaluation of concrete adaptation interventions is lacking; it thus remains unclear to what extent documented adaptation effectively and sustainably reduces SIDS’ vulnerability and increases their resilience.

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McNaught, Rebecca, Olivia Warrick, and Andrew Cooper. "Communicating climate change for adaptation in rural communities: a Pacific study." Regional Environmental Change 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 1491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0592-1.

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A Rahman, Khairiah. "Change, adaptation and culture: Media communication in pandemic times." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 28, no. 1 & 2 (July 31, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v28i1and2.1270.

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Commentary: Global lockdowns and border closures during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that educational institutions and international conferences have taken on a virtual existence for more than two years. Uncertainties surrounding the pandemic and the enormity of its impact became a focal point of academic scrutiny for communication sciences and media research. Themes from the Asian Congress for Media and Communication Conference 2021 (ACMC2021) centred around change, adaptation and culture in pandemic times with 12 streams including democracy and disinformation, media influence and impact, and climate change in the Asia-Pacific. This commentary presents an overview of the conference and introduces four of the presentations delivered at the ACMC2021; two keynotes and two paper presentations. The keynotes discussed information challenges such as control on social media, truth, hate rhetoric and the climate emergency in the Asia-Pacific region, while the papers focused on practitioner perceptions and the role of a higher order in securing media freedom and fair representation.

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Gero, Anna, Kirstie Méheux, and Dale Dominey-Howes. "Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the Pacific." Climate and Development 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2011.624791.

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B. Schwebel, Michael. "Measuring climate change adaptation in Pacific small island states: nissology and success." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.019.

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Abstract Pacific small island states (PSIS) currently experience harsh impacts of a changing climate: sea level rise, saltwater intrusion, internal migration and displacement. Are adaptation strategies based upon island-centric principles more successful than those originating from a more continental point of view? This research examined the principles of island-centric thinking using an island-centric lens by which to determine ‘successful’ climate adaptation planning. The findings illustrate a statistically significant relationship between PSIS that have higher nissological (island-centric) levels displayed within their climate change action plans (CCAPs) and CCAPs that were found to be more successful. In other words, highly nissological states are forecasted to be more successful in planning for the current and future impacts of climate change than those with lower nissological scores. In total, nissology explains approximately 28.37% of a PSIS's success. The policy relevance is rooted in the unique cultural, geographical, and social aspects of islands. Findings are applicable to other islands as well countries that share islander-based qualities. The methodological and quantitative-based areas of the study assist in forming policy-relevant determinations for island societies based on the climate-related parameters and metrics tested and evaluated herein.

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Baumann, Hannes, and David O. Conover. "Adaptation to climate change: contrasting patterns of thermal-reaction-norm evolution in Pacific versus Atlantic silversides." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1716 (January 5, 2011): 2265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2479.

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How organisms may adapt to rising global temperatures is uncertain, but concepts can emerge from studying adaptive physiological trait variations across existing spatial climate gradients. Many ectotherms, particularly fish, have evolved increasing genetic growth capacities with latitude (i.e. countergradient variation (CnGV) in growth), which are thought to be an adaptation primarily to strong gradients in seasonality. In contrast, evolutionary responses to gradients in mean temperature are often assumed to involve an alternative mode, ‘thermal adaptation’. We measured thermal growth reaction norms in Pacific silverside populations ( Atherinops affinis ) occurring across a weak latitudinal temperature gradient with invariant seasonality along the North American Pacific coast. Instead of thermal adaptation, we found novel evidence for CnGV in growth, suggesting that CnGV is a ubiquitous mode of reaction-norm evolution in ectotherms even in response to weak spatial and, by inference, temporal climate gradients. A novel, large-scale comparison between ecologically equivalent Pacific versus Atlantic silversides ( Menidia menidia ) revealed how closely growth CnGV patterns reflect their respective climate gradients. While steep growth reaction norms and increasing growth plasticity with latitude in M. menidia mimicked the strong, highly seasonal Atlantic coastal gradient, shallow reaction norms and much smaller, latitude-independent growth plasticity in A. affinis resembled the weak Pacific latitudinal temperature gradient.

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van der Veeken, Suzanne, Emma Calgaro, Louise Munk Klint, Alexandra Law, Min Jiang, Terry de Lacy, and Dale Dominey-Howes. "Tourism destinations’ vulnerability to climate change: Nature-based tourism in Vava’u, the Kingdom of Tonga." Tourism and Hospitality Research 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415611068.

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Tourism plays an important role in economic and human development in the Pacific. These benefits are at risk from the impacts of climate change, threatening the sustainability of the Pacific tourism sector. We assess the vulnerability and resilience of nature-based tourism in Vava’u, Tonga, using the Destination Sustainability Framework of Calgaro (2014) modified for a climate change focus. Our empirical assessment indicates that the following factors increase vulnerability levels in Vava’u: strong seasonality, dependency on air access, remoteness, limited connectivity of Vava’u from national decision makers and limited human and financial resources. Resilience levels in Vava’u are heightened by a high awareness of climate change, the resilient nature of Tongans and strong family and social networks. In conclusion, we recommend a set of adaptation strategies to further improve resilience levels, namely improving climate change education, increasing product and market diversification, strengthening institutional capacities and mainstreaming adaptation in national policies.

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Wilby, Robert Leonard, Xianfu Lu, Paul Watkiss, and Charles Andrew Rodgers. "Towards pragmatism in climate risk analysis and adaptation." Water Policy 23, S1 (October 28, 2021): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.232.

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Abstract The Asia-Pacific region is extremely vulnerable to climate variability and change. This reflects high exposure to hydroclimatic hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves. Rapidly growing cities and low-lying coastal zones/estuaries also face threats from sea level rise and storm surges. However, climate model projections remain very uncertain about most of these risks, so water infrastructure and operations need to consider a range of plausible futures. Against this background, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been developing frameworks, tools, and capacities in climate risk and adaptation assessment and management. Project teams are often operating in data-scarce situations and under significant time constraints, so the emphasis has been on creating pragmatic guidance and training resources. This paper charts the transition of climate risk management (CRM) within the ADB from a predominantly scenario-led to decision-led approach to adaptation. Examples are given of light-touch procedures for screening climate risks, strengthening the transparency and rigour of scenario analysis, raising awareness of a broad range of adaptation options, streamlining identification of CRM options, and embedding allowances for climate change in detailed engineering designs. Such practical innovations would benefit communities of practice beyond the Asia-Pacific region.

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Siburian, Rima HS, Julia R. Tapilatu, and Maryrose E. Tapilatu. "Level of Vulnerability of Aipiri Village to Climate Change." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 989, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/989/1/012024.

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Abstract Aipiri Village in the eastern part of Manokwari District, West Papua, is one of the villages directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. This village is very vulnerable to the threat of sea-level rise. This study aims to determine the level of vulnerability and adaptation of the community at Aipiri village to climate change. Data were collected through a survey method with interview techniques and direct observation to obtain data on the level of vulnerability of the village to climate change. The results of this study indicated that sea-level rise is the biggest threat to the people of Aipiri village. In addition, when referring to the level of resilience, the pattern of community adaptation through community local wisdom and knowledge, the environmental infrastructure aspect is an adaptation solution that needs to be developed. Ecotourism areas are developed as a form of local wisdom in defending the area against climate change.

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Amadore, L., W. C. Bolhofer, R. V. Cruz, R. B. Feir, C. A. Freysinger, S. Guill, K. F. Jalal, et al. "Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Asia and the Pacific: Workshop summary." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 92, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00175548.

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McNamara, Karen Elizabeth. "Taking stock of community-based climate-change adaptation projects in the Pacific." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 54, no. 3 (November 24, 2013): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.12033.

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Sinaga, Melpayanty, and Yusril Yusril. "Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Pasifik Selatan: Ancaman Naiknya Permukaan Air Laut Terhadap Eksistensi Negara dan Penduduk Kiribati." Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v1i1.1672.

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Climate change is a complex and globalizing environmental issue that occurs almost all over the world, including the South Pacific islands. This article aims to examine the impacts of climate change on the Pacific community, marked by a sea-level rise that threatens the existence of the country and its population – particularly the Republic of Kiribati. This study also investigates the role of the Kiribati government in planning future strategies in response to the threat of rising sea levels. By using descriptive qualitative analysis, it found that Kiribati became one of the countries in the South Pacific whose existence and inhabitants would be threatened by the sea level rise in the near future. The impacts felt by the people of Kiribati thus far included storm surges, typhoons, floods, sea-level rise, seawater intrusion, and drought. However, the sea-level rise became the most experienced phenomenon by households in Kiribati. The Kiribati government has developed three strategies: adaptation, mitigation, and relocation. Adaptation and mitigation are identified as priorities while considering relocation as the last option.KEYWORDSClimate Change; Kiribati; Pacific; Sea Level Rise

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Jenkins, K. M., R. T. Kingsford, G. P. Closs, B. J. Wolfenden, C. D. Matthaei, and S. E. Hay. "Climate change and freshwater ecosystems in Oceania: an assessment of vulnerability and adaptation opportunities." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 3 (2011): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110201.

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Human-forced climate change significantly threatens the world’s freshwater ecosystems, through projected changes to rainfall, temperature and sea level. We examined the threats and adaptation opportunities to climate change in a diverse selection of rivers and wetlands from Oceania (Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Islands). We found common themes, but also important regional differences. In regulated floodplain rivers in dry regions (i.e. Australia), reduced flooding projected with climate change is a veneer on current losses, but impacts ramp up by 2070. Increasing drought threatens biota as the time between floods extends. Current measures addressing water allocations and dam management can be extended to adapt to climate change, with water buy-back and environmental flows critical. Freshwater wetlands along coastal Oceania are threatened by elevated salinity as sea level rises, potentially mitigated by levee banks. In mountainous regions of New Zealand, the biodiversity of largely pristine glacial and snow melt rivers is threatened by temperature increases, particularly endemic species. Australian snow melt rivers face similar problems, compounding impacts of hydro-electric schemes. Translocation of species and control of invasive species are the main adaptations. Changes to flow regime and rising water temperatures and sea levels are the main threats of climate change on freshwater ecosystems. Besides lowering emissions, reducing impacts of water consumption and protecting or restoring connectivity and refugia are key adaptations for conservation of freshwater ecosystems. Despite these clear imperatives, policy and management has been slow to respond, even in developed regions with significant resources to tackle such complex issues.

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Tabe. "Climate Change Migration and Displacement: Learning from Past Relocations in the Pacific." Social Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8070218.

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It has been projected that the single greatest impact of environmental changes will be on human migration and displacement. Migration has been extensively discussed and documented as an adaptation strategy in response to environmental changes, and more recently, to climate change. However, forced relocation will lead to the displacement of people, and although much has been written about it, very little has been documented from the Pacific Islands perspective, especially by communities that were forced to relocate as a result of colonialism and those that have been forced to migrate today as a result of climate change impacts. Using the Gilbertese resettlement from the Phoenix Islands to the Solomon Islands, in particular, Wagina Island in the 1960s as a case study of forced relocation and displacement of Pacific Islands people during the colonial period, this paper aims to underline some of the important lessons that can be learned from this historical case to inform the present and future challenges of climate change migration and displacement. Without dismissing migration as a coping strategy, the paper argues that the forced relocation of people from their home islands as a result of climate change will lead to displacement. It accentuates that in the case of Pacific Islands, forced relocation will lead to displacement if they are forced to leave their land because of their deep relationship and attachment to it. The paper also emphasizes the need to acknowledge and honor Pacific Islands’ voices and perceptions in discourses on climate change migration and displacement at national, regional and international forums.

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Robie, David. "‘Carbon colonialism’: Pacific environmental risk, media credibility and a deliberative perspective." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.166.

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The effects of climate change are already occurring in all continents and across the oceans, and the situation has deteriorated since the last account in 2007, warned the United Nations scientific agency charged with monitoring and assessing the risks earlier this year. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2014), the world is ill-prepared to manage warming and an increase in magnitude is likely to lead to ‘severe and pervasive impacts that may be surprising or irreversible’. Seriously at risk are Small Island Developing States (SIDS), including several in the Pacific, such as Kiribati, Marshall Islands and Tuvalu. The UN has declared 2014 as the International Year of SIDS and a summit was hosted in Samoa during September. Living in one of the world’s most vulnerable regions to the impact of climate change and the challenges of aid effectiveness and adaptation funding, journalists are at a critical crossroads. This article examines environmental risk, media creativity and a contradiction between normative and traditional Western journalism values and the Pacific profession’s own challenges of ‘adaptation’ in telling the story of global warming with a deliberative perspective.Caption: Figure 2: Climate Change Warriors from Fiji: ‘We are not drowning. We are fighting.’ world.350.org/pacificwarriors/

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Griggs, Gary, and Borja G. Reguero. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise." Water 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162151.

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The Earth’s climate is changing; ice sheets and glaciers are melting and coastal hazards and sea level are rising in response. With a total population of over 300 million people situated on coasts, including 20 of the planet’s 33 megacities (over 10 million people), low-lying coastal areas represent one of the most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. Many of the largest cities along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. are already experiencing frequent high tide flooding, and these events will increase in frequency, depth, duration and extent as sea levels continue to rise at an accelerating rate throughout the 21st century and beyond. Cities in southeast Asia and islands in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean are also suffering the effects of extreme weather events combined with other factors that increase coastal risk. While short-term extreme events such as hurricanes, El Niños and severe storms come and go and will be more damaging in the short term, sea-level rise is a long-term permanent change of state. However, the effects of sea-level rise are compounded with other hazards, such as increased wave action or a loss of ecosystems. As sea-level rise could lead to the displacement of hundreds of millions of people, this may be one of the greatest challenges that human civilization has ever faced, with associated inundation of major cities, loss of coastal infrastructure, increased saltwater intrusion and damage to coastal aquifers among many other global impacts, as well as geopolitical and legal implications. While there are several short-term responses or adaptation options, we need to begin to think longer term for both public infrastructure and private development. This article provides an overview of the status on adaptation to climate change in coastal zones.

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McGregor, A. M., L. D. Tora, and V. Lebot. "Planting breadfruit orchards as a climate change adaptation strategy for the Pacific islands." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1128 (November 2016): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1128.8.

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Remling, Elise, and Joeli Veitayaki. "Community-based action in Fiji’s Gau Island: a model for the Pacific?" International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 8, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2015-0101.

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Purpose Drawing on qualitative fieldwork on a remote outer island in Fiji, this paper aims to address a shortcoming in the literature on climate adaptation in the Pacific. Internationally community-based adaptation (CBA) is recognised as a promising approach to help vulnerable populations adjust to climate change. However, with pilot projects in their infancy documented experience for Pacific Islands remains scarce. This limits the ability of the region – faced with persisting development challenges and predicted significant climate impacts – to learn from and build on previous experiences and develop robust responses to climate change. Design/methodology/approach By using a community-based initiative in response to environmental challenges and unsustainable development as a proxy, the paper interrogates the potential usefulness of the CBA framework for the Pacific and identifies potential strengths and weaknesses. Sketching out the process and its outcomes, it shows how the initiative has resulted in a diversity of strategies, ranging from pollution control measures, to improved governance of resources and community participation in decision making, to livelihood and income diversification. Findings Findings indicate that CBA could have a lot of potential for building more resilient communities in the face of climate change and other pressures associated with modernising Pacific societies. However, to be effective, interventions should pay attention to people’s development aspirations; immediate economic, social and environmental benefits; dynamics of village governance, social rules and protocols; and traditional forms of knowledge that can inform sustainable solutions. Originality/value The conclusions provide a reflection on the CBA framework in general and make concrete suggestions for practitioners on how the framework could be usefully implemented in the Pacific context.

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Bosnjakovic, Branko. "Geopolitics of climate change: A review." Thermal Science 16, no. 3 (2012): 629–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120202127b.

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The paper reviews the geopolitical elements of the emerging discourse on how to control, and cope with climate change. Two complementary approaches may be distinguished: the actor-related approach analyses the positioning of states and interest groups, which develop strategies on coping with climate change; the other approach addresses processes and problem areas (physical, economic, demographic?) emerging in the geographic space as a consequence of, or linked to climate change. With failing mitigation policies and instruments, the urgency of adaptation to climate change is increasing. Assessment of regional consequences of climate change includes the perceptions and motivations of presumed losers or winners. New security implications related to climate change are emerging in the Arctic, South-East Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Energy supply security is a dominant factor in geopolitical considerations. The geopolitics of climate change is inextricably linked to many other issues of globalization. Significant shift of global power raises the discussion of ethical responsibility. Climate change is evolving as a testing ground for competitiveness and innovation potential of political and economic models in achieving sustainability.

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Scott, Matthew. "Strings attached: New Zealand’s climate aid in the South Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1186.

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Commentary: Throughout New Zealand’s history, the nation has maintained a close and privileged relationship with its island neighbours in the South Pacific, exemplified by centuries of trade and migration. As the effects of climate change encroach on South Pacific nations such as the Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga, New Zealand has implemented an aid programme via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in order to mitigate the effects of the changing climate on these countries economically and socially. However, research depicts an aid programme that may do harm alongside good—by prioritising climate change mitigation over more sustainable and community-centred strategies, New Zealand has created a situation in which these countries become dependent on our solutions to their problems. By researching the controversial record of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies funded by developed nations across the South Pacific, it becomes evident that New Zealand’s programme of climate aid in the region is neocolonial and unsustainable.

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Cameron, Clint, Anish Maharaj, Bridget Kennedy, Senilolia Tuiwawa, Nick Goldwater, Katy Soapi, and Catherine E. Lovelock. "Landcover change in mangroves of Fiji: Implications for climate change mitigation and adaptation in the Pacific." Environmental Challenges 2 (January 2021): 100018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2020.100018.

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Wang, Shuyu, Iréne Lake, Gaby S. Langendijk, and Ying Yang. "Promoting involvement of early-career scientists from the Asia-Pacific region in regional integrated and sustainable development through active participation and networking." APN Science Bulletin 13, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2091.

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Climate change is affecting global ecosystems, natural resources, and human well-being. The near- and long-term future sustainable development of society requires robust climate change information at regional scales. To contribute to the purpose mentioned above, WCRP CORDEX (the World Climate Research Programme’s Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) initialised a collaboration with the APN (Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research), as the two programmes share common goals in advocating climate science as well as transferring climate knowledge for effective management. This APN project, entitled “Promoting Involvement of Early Career Scientists from the Asia-Pacific Region in Regional Integrated and Sustainable Development through Active Participation and Networking”, was a result of this collaboration. Specifically, the project was aimed at supporting early-career scientists from the Asia-Pacific region to attend an international science conference on regional climate science (ICRC-CORDEX 2019) and facilitate them in international partnership-building. It also contributed to enhancing communication and cooperation amongst regional climate research teams within and beyond the Asia-Pacific region. As one of the most important activities of the conference, the project supported an event for early-career scientists. The completion of the project consolidated global collaboration between the climate research community and that of adaptation-impact studies, as well as facilitated interaction with end-users. It was also a successful showcase of the scientific strategies of APN and CORDEX.

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Lawler, Jill, and Mahesh Patel. "Exploring children's vulnerability to climate change and their role in advancing climate change adaptation in East Asia and the Pacific." Environmental Development 3 (July 2012): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2012.04.001.

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Case, Michael J., John B. Kim, and Becky K. Kerns. "Using a Vegetation Model and Stakeholder Input to Assess the Climate Change Vulnerability of Tribally Important Ecosystem Services." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060618.

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We demonstrate a generalizable approach for assessing climate change effects on tribally important ecosystem goods and services. Indigenous peoples may be highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they rely on ecosystem goods and services, such as traditional foods, hunting, timber production, nontimber forest resources, and cultural resources. However, there are few assessments that have examined the potential impact of climate change on these goods and services and even less that examine ecological, socio-economic, and cultural resources in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Our approach uses four basic steps: (1) identify 78 tribally important ecosystem services (species and resources), (2) relate those ecosystem services with biologically relevant vegetation projections from a dynamic global vegetation model, (3) identify appropriate timeframes and future climate scenarios, and (4) assess future changes for vegetation types and ecosystem services. We then highlight how model uncertainty can be explored to better inform resilience building and adaptation planning. We found that more than half of the species and resources analyzed may be vulnerable to climate change due to loss of potential habitat, including aridland species and grazing quality. We further highlight our findings for tribally important species, huckleberries (genus Vaccinium) and bitterbrush (Purshia tridentate (Pursh) DC.), and show how this information can be applied to help inform resource management and adaptation planning. We have demonstrated a generalizable approach that identified tribally important ecosystem services and related them with biologically relevant vegetation projections from a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Although our assessment is focused in the Pacific Northwest, our approach can be applied in other regions for which model data is available. We recognize that there is some inherent uncertainty associated with using model output for future scenario planning; however, if that uncertainty is addressed and applied as demonstrated by our approach, it then can be explored to help inform resource management and adaptation planning.

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Lynch, Amanda H., and Ronald D. Brunner. "Learning from Climate Variability: Adaptive Governance and the Pacific ENSO Applications Center." Weather, Climate, and Society 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010wcas1049.1.

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Abstract Adaptive governance is a pattern that began to emerge from conflicts over natural resources in the American West a few decades ago. This was a pragmatic response to the emerging evidence that effective control was dispersed among multiple authorities and interest groups, that efficiency was only one of the many goals to be reconciled in policy decision processes, and that science itself was politically contested. Climate change as a policy problem exhibits many of these same features and has similarly led to gridlock in international and national forums. But humankind is not without guidance in securing the protection of life, limb, and livelihood in the face of environmental distress, particularly with regard to the challenge of adaptation. One effective analogy can be drawn to adaptations in the face of large climate variability such as El Niño. This paper compares adaptive governance with the tradition of scientific management in the international climate change regime, and it explores an example of adaptive governance in responding to the effects of a severe El Niño event in the Pacific islands. This event illustrates some of the specific kinds of human choices that will be made by those who are concerned about climate change as a policy problem. The basic choice is not scientific management or adaptive governance but continuing with business as usual or opening the frame to a wider range of possibilities.

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Kingsford, Richard T., and James E. M. Watson. "Climate Change in Oceania – A synthesis of biodiversity impacts and adaptations." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 3 (2011): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110270.

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Climate change is already affecting many of the world’s ecosystems with far-reaching impacts. In this special issue, contributors focus on the current and projected impacts of climate change across different geographical regions of Oceania (Australia, Pacific Islands and New Zealand). In this synthesis, we examine how climate change is affecting the three main realms: terrestrial, freshwater (broadly including estuarine and inland saline systems) and marine. Within this context, we also examine general strategies for climate adaptation including reducing other threats (e.g., habitat loss and degradation), expanding protected areas, increasing connectivity, restoring habitat and translocations. We show that many of these general strategies will not overcome all the threats caused by climate change and specific solutions are likely to be necessary. Beyond the implementation of these strategies, there are significant future challenges which will hamper effective adaptation that need to be overcome by the scientific community. Our current understanding of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity remains poor; this is particularly true for poor nations in the region. There is also considerable uncertainty in forecasts of climate change, particularly at the local scale, and this uncertainty impacts pro-active planning. This makes effective implementation particularly challenging. Considerable focus is needed into ecosystem-based adaptation where local communities are integrally involved, allied with more active and accountable management of conservation, through adaptive management processes. The world is experiencing far reaching and long-term changes to ecosystems with major impacts on human communities, particularly in relation to ecosystem services. Our ability to develop effective adaptation strategies from the broad scale policy (e.g., emissions control) to local scale management (e.g., building resilience in ecosystems) will be significantly tested but the world is in an important period and scientists and practitioners need to keep trying different approaches and reporting their successes and failures to the wider community.

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Harris, Usha Sundar. "Communicating climate change in the Pacific using a bottom-up approach." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.167.

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While scientific evidence in support of climate change is growing, awareness and education about its effects, especially among vulnerable communities, is lacking, due to language and cultural barriers. Communities are unlikely to respond to government policies promoting mitigation and adaptation strategies without an improved perception of climate change risk at a local level. Mapping the flow of information between decision makers and citizens is an important part of this process. This article broadly explores the communication channels that are being used for awareness and knowledge sharing in the Pacific. At its core, the article discusses a way in which participatory media has been piloted to enable community discussion about issues around climate change in the Pacific Islands. The ‘bottom-up’ approach encourages participation of marginalised groups such as women, youth, and people with disabilities who bring diverse perspectives in content creation. This discursive space enables citizens to share knowledge and acquire better understanding of the impacts on livelihood and culture. However, a strong community network and consistent mentoring support are prerequisites for participatory media to have long term benefits.

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Bolton, Annette, Matthew Ashworth, Sela Akolo Fau, Sela Ki Folau Fusi, Judy Williamson, and Reynold Ofanoa. "Strengthening Adaptation Planning and Action to Climate-Related Health Impacts in Pacific Islands Countries: Tonga." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n3p55.

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A natural hazard and climate change vulnerability and adaptation tool was applied in Tonga to identify health and health system-related climate and natural hazards, and to create and prioritize adaptation strategies and opportunities. During a 2-day multi-sectoral workshop, expert stakeholders prioritized the most extreme health-related and health system risks and devised a series of adaptation strategies. A series of health and health system impacts were identified and related to: cyclones/severe storms, increased average and extreme temperatures, flooding (including landslides), drought, wildfire, tsunami, earthquakes and volcanic activity. The main adaptation strategies identified improving drinking water security; development of Government procedures for drought management; linking health and climate data; increasing food security; improvements in urban design; training health workers; increasing evacuation center resilience in villages; increased research into management responses and enforcing and updating the building code. Adaptation to the health and health system impacts explored during the workshop include many outside the scope of the health system. This paper highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder engagement and co-planning to anticipate and plan for natural hazard and climate-related health and health system impacts and; benefits of establishing and using expert knowledge to determine health adaptation connections, build bridges across sectors and prioritize strategies in the absence of climate and health attributable information.

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Houston, Laurie, Susan Capalbo, Clark Seavert, Meghan Dalton, David Bryla, and Ramesh Sagili. "Specialty fruit production in the Pacific Northwest: adaptation strategies for a changing climate." Climatic Change 146, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2017): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-1951-y.

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Gero, A., K. Méheux, and D. Dominey-Howes. "Integrating community based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: examples from the Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-101-2011.

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Abstract. It is acknowledged by academics and development practitioners alike that many common strategies addressing community based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation duplicate each other. Thus, there is a strong push to integrate the two fields to enhance aid effectiveness and reduce confusion for communities. Examples of community based disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) projects are presented to highlight some of the ways these issues are tackled in the Pacific. Various approaches are employed but all aim to reduce the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of local communities to the impacts of climate change and disasters. By focusing on three case studies, elements of best practice are drawn out to illustrate how DRR and CCA can be integrated for enhanced aid effectiveness, and also look at ways in which these two often overlapping fields can be better coordinated in ongoing and future projects. Projects that address vulnerability holistically, and target the overall needs and capacity of the community are found to be effective in enhancing the resilience of communities. By strategically developing a multi-stakeholder and multi-sector approach, community projects are likely to encapsulate a range of experience and skills that will benefit the community. Furthermore, by incorporating local knowledge, communities are far more likely to be engaged and actively participate in the project. From selected case studies, commonly occurring best practice methods to integrate DRR and CCA are identified and discussed and recommendations on how to overcome the common challenges also presented.

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Igbal, Mohammed Rasheed, Ubaadah Bin Iqbaal, Rohit Kishore, and Royford Bundi Magiri. "The Effects of Climate Change on Animal Production in Fiji." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 3 (February 15, 2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n3p191.

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Climate change is a great impact on Fiji’s ecosystem including animal (livestock and marine) and crop production from past decades and still possesses a large effect on their economy as well. These climatic events include flooding, rise in ambient temperature, rise in the sea level, droughts, tropical cyclones, and all others that bring large changes to the environmental system. These large changes adversely affect animal production and its economy in Fiji. Not only this, individuals that are linked to animal production are also affected through climatic conditions such as loss of income and livestock species that die out during cyclones and other aspects. Not only the terrestrial species but the marine organisms are also affected since climatic changes bring alterations to their feeding period and the mating time leading to a vast decrease in organisms’ health, quality, and population. Consequently, the Fijian government and other Pacific organizations have brought strategies like adaptation plans to implement in animal production sectors. These plans and methods will help farmers in stimulating their farming systems and adapting to climatic changes and hence, this will lead to increased productivity and economy. The aim and objective of this review are to define and elaborate the climatic change effects on livestock and marine production in Fiji and effective solutions adapted by Fiji and other Pacific governments to refrain from adverse climate conditions.

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Selvaraj, John Josephraj, Maira Alejandra Miranda Parra, and Maria Alejandra Cifuentes Ossa. "Potential Adaptation Responses to Climate Change in Small-Scale Fisheries along the Colombian Pacific." International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses 14, no. 2 (2022): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v14i02/149-171.

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Harris, Paul, and J. Symons. "Justice and adaptation to climate change in the Asia-Pacific Region: A cosmopolitan perspective." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 11 (February 1, 2009): 112018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/11/112018.

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Lebel, Louis. "Closing knowledge-action gaps in adaptation to climate change in the Asia-Pacific region." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (2014): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2014.060222.

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Perrette, M., F. Landerer, R. Riva, K. Frieler, and M. Meinshausen. "Probabilistic projection of sea-level change along the world's coastlines." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 1 (April 23, 2012): 357–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-357-2012.

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Abstract. Climate change causes global mean sea level to rise due to thermal expansion of seawater and loss of land ice from mountain glaciers, ice caps and ice-sheets. Locally, sea-level changes can strongly deviate from the global mean due to ocean dynamics. In addition, gravitational adjustments redistribute seawater away from shrinking ice masses, an effect currently not incorporated in climate models. Here, we provide probabilistic projections of sea level changes along the world's coastlines for the end of the 21st century under the new RCP emission scenarios, taking into account uncertainties across the cause-effect chain from greenhouse-gas emissions to ocean heat uptake and regional land-ice melt. At low latitudes, especially in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, sea level will likely rise more than the global mean (mostly by 10–20%, but up to 45% in Tokyo area). Around the North Atlantic and the North-Eastern Pacific coasts, sea level will rise less than the global average or, in some rare cases, even fall. Our probabilistic regional sea level projections provide an improved basis for coastal impact analysis and infrastructure planning for adaptation to climate change.

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Wolf, Franziska, Walter Leal Filho, Priyatma Singh, Nicolai Scherle, Dirk Reiser, John Telesford, Ivana Božić Miljković, et al. "Influences of Climate Change on Tourism Development in Small Pacific Island States." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 4223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084223.

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Tourism-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a central driver of anthropogenic climate change. At the same time, climate change has both direct and indirect impacts on tourism, varying from damages of tourist assets due to extreme weather events, to losses of biodiversity. Small island developing states (SIDS) heavily depend on international tourism as a source of revenue and income. Therefore, much could be gained by assessing the vulnerability of the SIDS tourism sector and by identifying measures that may assist these islands in their sustainable adaptation efforts. Against this background, this interdisciplinary paper provides a review of tourism development and the implications of its emissions on the global climate, linked with observed and projected influences of climate change in the Pacific region, to explain the growing vulnerability of the overall sector, with a particular focus on SIDS tourism. A description of the effects of COVID-19 on international tourism and its consequences for SIDS complement the analysis. Case studies of two Pacific islands present some evidence of current climate impacts, underscoring the multiple risks small island nations and their tourism sectors face. The paper concludes by stating that some measures may be prioritized by decision-makers, so as to increase the resilience of a transforming tourism sector in SIDS.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pacific climate change adaptation'

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