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Journal articles on the topic 'Pacific children'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stewart, Jean L., Annabel P. Anae, and Patricia N. Gipe. "Pacific Islander children." Topics in Language Disorders 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00011363-198906000-00009.

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2

Rogerson, T. L., S. J. LaGrow, G. Gibbs, L. Megogle, and M. J. Wendt. "Pacific Perspectives." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 83, no. 1 (January 1989): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8908300112.

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3

Kokaua, Jesse, Seini Jensen, Reremoana Theodore, Debbie Sorensen, Wilmason Jensen, Rick Audas, and Rosalina Richards. "Understanding Parental education and health of Pacific families: Background and study protocol." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 5 (February 6, 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2020.622.

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Nakiro'anga ite au meitaki o tei 'āpi'i ia no te ora'anga pu'apinga no tātou te Vakevake a Te Moana Nui o Kiva e no'o nei i Aotearoa (Meitaki o te ‘Api'i) is a programme of research examining the benefits of education to health outcomes for Pacific families in Aotearoa using the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) and it is an Health Research Council Pacific post-doctoral project. As a part of Meitaki o te ‘Api'i, the present study plans to investigate the relationship between parental education and child health outcomes in Pacific families. Using linked health, income, and Census data, the present study will model the influence of parental education levels on child health outcomes adjusted for other key factors. In this methodological paper, we provide details about this project that is in a relatively new data space for Pacific research and we describe our participants. Most children in the study were born in New Zealand and nearly all could speak English. Pacific children were slightly younger, more likely to be able to speak a Pacific or other languages, and most likely to live in areas of socio-ecenomic deprivation compared to non-Pacific children. Pacific children who identified with solely Pacific and Pacific with other ethnicities. Parents of children with solely Pacific ethnicity, more than a third of whom were born in New Zealand, over 60% spoke a Pacific language and four out of five held christian beliefs. By comparison, parents of children with Pacific with other ethnicities were; younger, New Zealand born, less likely to speak another language and half held christian beliefs. Compared with parents of children from Other ethnicities, parents of Pacific children had lower median incomes, were less likely to own their home and had fewer total years of education. It is important to note that the overall purpose of this study is not to highlight the differences between Pacific and other non Pacific families, but to look at the relationship between parental education and the health of children.
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4

Lan, Pei-Chia. "Raising Global Children across the Pacific." Contexts 18, no. 2 (May 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504219854717.

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Different opportunity structures and different perceptions of risk within the global economy shape the ways parents of similar class and ethnic backgrounds strive to prepare their children for the future
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5

Gibson, Rosalind S., Karl B. Bailey, Winsome R. Parnell, Noela Wilson, and Elaine L. Ferguson. "Higher risk of zinc deficiency in New Zealand Pacific school children compared with their Māori and European counterparts: a New Zealand national survey." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 3 (September 21, 2010): 436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003569.

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Few multi-ethnic national surveys have examined Zn nutriture, despite its importance for optimal growth and development during childhood. We assessed the Zn status of urban and semi-urban children aged 5–15 years from three ethnic groups in New Zealand (NZ) in the 2002 Children's National Nutrition Survey and investigated the factors predisposing them to Zn deficiency. In a 10-month cross-sectional survey, Pacific and Māori children were over-sampled permitting ethnic-specific analyses. Anthropometry, serum Zn and Zn intakes via 24 h recalls were measured. Anthropometriczscores were highest in Pacific children. Overall, mean adjusted serum Zn at 11 years was for males and females, respectively: 11·9 (95 % CI 11·5, 12·3) and 12·5 (95 % CI 12·0, 12·9) μmol/l in NZ European and Other (NZEO) children (n395); 11·9 (95 % CI 11·4, 12·4) and 12·0 (95 % CI 11·4, 12·5) μmol/l in Māori children (n379); and 11·5 (95 % CI 11·1, 11·9) and 11·4 (95 % CI 11·1, 11·8) μmol/l in Pacific children (n589). The predictors of serum Zn were age, serum Se and sex for NZEO children; serum Se and age for Pacific children; and none for Māori children. Pacific children had the highest prevalence of low serum Zn (21 (95 % CI 11, 30) %), followed by Māori children (16 (95 % CI 12, 20) %) and NZEO children (15 (95 % CI 9, 21) %). Prevalence of inadequate Zn intakes, although low, reached 8 % for Pacific children who had the lowest Zn intake/kg body weight. Pacific boys but not girls with low serum Zn had a lower mean height-for-agez-score (P < 0·007) than those with normal serum Zn. We conclude that the biochemical risk of Zn deficiency in Pacific children indicates a public health problem. However, a lack of concordance with the risk of dietary Zn inadequacy suggests the need for better defined cut-offs in children.
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6

Dekker, Damaris, Jesse Kokaua, Glenda Oben, Jean Simpson, and Rose Richards. "Are there differences within pre-school aged Pacific peoples’ hospital presentations with preventable conditions?" Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2018.904.

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Aim. To describe the top five causes of preventable health conditions among Pacific children (Cook Island, Fijian, Niuean, Samoan, Tongan, Tokelauan) aged 0-4 years living in New Zealand (NZ), and to make comparisons of these rates with NZ’s population who were of neither Maori nor Pacific ethnicity (NMNP). Method. This study is a retrospective analysis of preschool Ambulatory Sensitive Hospitalisations (ASH) by ethnicity. The data, from 2010 to 2014, was extracted from The National Minimum Dataset. Results. The top five preventable health conditions among Pacific under 5’s were asthma and wheeze, gastroenteritis, dental, skin infections and pneumonia. Rates for all Pacific children with any of the ASH conditions were four to five times higher among Pacific, than among NMNP, from 2000 to 2014. Pacific children were also significantly more likely to present with bronchiectasis and rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease (RR 25.7 and 26.4 respectively). Conclusion. Pacific children aged 0-4 years are more likely to be exposed to health conditions that are considered preventable . The most common preventable health conditions experienced by Pacific children were asthma and wheeze, gastroenteritis, dental, skin infections and pneumonia. These findings highlight the importance of investing in effective prevention strategies to further investigate and address the underlying causes of these conditions.
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7

Wu, Mei-Hwan. "S10-1 CARDIAC CHILDREN IN ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION: NORTH ASIA AND PACIFIC." International Journal of Cardiology 122 (December 2007): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(08)70333-4.

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8

Fergusson, D. M., L. J. Horwood, and M. T. Lynskey. "Ethnicity and Bias in Police Contact Statistics." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 26, no. 3 (December 1993): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589302600302.

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The relationships between ethnicity, self/parentally reported offending and rates of police contact were examined in a birth cohort of Christchurch (New Zealand) born children studied to the age of 15 years. This analysis suggested that whilst children of Maori/Pacific Island descent offended at a significantly higher rate than European (Pakeha) children, there were clear differences in the magnitude of ethnic differentials in offending depending on the way in which offending was measured. On the basis of self/parentally reported offending, children of Maori/Pacific Island descent offended at about 1.7 times the rate of Pakeha children. However, on the basis of police contact statistics these children were 2.9 times more likely to come to police attention than Pakeha children. These differences between self/parentally reported offending rates and rates of police contact could not be explained by the fact that Maori/Pacific Island children offended more often or committed different types of offences than Pakeha children. Logistic modelling of the data suggested that children of Maori/Pacific Island descent were in the region of 2.4 times more likely to come to official police attention than Pakeha children with an identical self/parental reported history of offending. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that official police contact statistics contain a bias which exaggerates the differences in the rate of offending by children of Maori/Pacific Island descent and Pakeha children.
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9

Cheng, Li-Rong Lilly. "Service delivery to Asian/Pacific LEP children." Topics in Language Disorders 9, no. 3 (June 1989): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00011363-198906000-00003.

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10

Ete-Rasch, Elaine, and Katherine Nelson. "Management of skin infections in Pacific children prior to hospitalisation." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 1 (2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13043.

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INTRODUCTION: Hospital admissions for childhood skin infections in New Zealand (NZ) are on the increase. Pacific children make up a high number of those who are admitted. This study describes the parents of Pacific children’s understanding and management of skin sores in the home prior to the sores becoming infected and requiring hospital admission. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative approach combined with the Pacific research frameworks of Fa’afaletui and the Metaphor of Kakala were used to elicit parents’ understanding and management of children’s skin sores in the home. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in English or Samoan, and all transcribed into English. FINDINGS: Mothers of 11 Pacific children admitted with skin infections between 2006 and 2008 were interviewed. The children’s infections started with insect bites in some cases. Parents actively sought treatment to ensure children’s optimal health was maintained. Initial management included a ‘watch and see’ approach for some, until deterioration was noted. CONCLUSION: This is the first known study in New Zealand that has captured children’s experiences when sustaining a skin infection/s and the activities that took place while seeking treatment in the community. Although most of the children received medical attention in primary health care (PHC), this did not prevent the need for hospital admission. The acuteness and seriousness of children’s health on admission shows that preventive efforts need to increase and the early management of infections in PHC settings needs to be better understood. KEYWORDS: Children; Pacific health, primary health care; skin infections
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11

Moghaddam, Shabnam Jalili, Elaine Rush, and Gael Janine Mearns. "Eating Patterns of Pacific Children at Age 14 Years; Pacific Islands Families Study." Proceedings 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019008057.

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12

Chen, Gai-Ling, Ye-Ru Qiao, Jin-Hui Ma, Jian-Xin Wang, Fei-Long Hei, and Jie Yu. "Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children of Asia Pacific." Chinese Medical Journal 131, no. 12 (June 2018): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.233946.

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13

Dunne, Michael P., Wan Yuen Choo, Bernadette Madrid, Ramya Subrahmanian, Lauren Rumble, Stephen Blight, and Mary Catherine Maternowska. "Violence Against Children in the Asia Pacific Region." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27, no. 8_suppl (August 25, 2015): 6S—8S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539515602184.

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14

Noble, Douglas J., Stephen Blight, Gaspar Fajth, and Steve Woodhouse. "Cognitive capital for children in Asia and Pacific." BMJ Global Health 1, Suppl 2 (October 31, 2016): i1—i2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000189.

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15

Paterson, Janis. "The Pacific Islands Families Study: Oral Health of Pacific Children Living in New Zealand." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies 8, no. 4 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-755x/cgp/v08i04/53368.

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16

Nosa, Vili, Dudley Gentles, Marewa Glover, Robert Scragg, Judith McCool, and Chris Bullen. "Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco smoking among pre-adolescent Pacific children in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 3 (2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14181.

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INTRODUCTION: Pacific New Zealanders have a high prevalence of smoking, with many first smoking in their pre-adolescent years. AIM: To identify risk factors for tobacco smoking among Pacific pre-adolescent intermediate school children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2208 Pacific students aged between 10 and 13 years from four South Auckland intermediate schools who were asked about their smoking behaviour between the years 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: The prevalence of Pacific ever-smokers (for 2007) in Year 7 was 15.0% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 12.0%–18.3%) and Year 8, 23.0% (95% CI 19.5%–26.7%). Multivariate modelling showed the risk factors for ever-smoking were Cook Island ethnic group (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.26–2.36, ref=Samoan), boys (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.89), age (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.36–2.00), exposure to smoking in a car within the previous seven days (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.67–3.01), anyone smoking at home within the previous seven days (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.12–2.04) and receiving more than $NZ20 per week as pocket money/allowance (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.23–2.96). DISCUSSION: Parents control and therefore can modify identified risk factors for Pacific children’s smoking initiation: exposure to smoking at home or in the car and the amount of weekly pocket money the child receives. Primary health care professionals should advise Pacific parents to make their homes and cars smokefree and to monitor their children’s spending. This study also suggests a particular need for specific Cook Island smokefree promotion and cessation resources. KEYWORDS: Adolescent; child; ethnic group; New Zealand; Pacific; smoking
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17

Choy, Courtney C., Kate Nyhan, Kima Savusa, Christina Soti-Ulberg, Rochelle K. Rosen, Take Naseri, Nicola L. Hawley, and Mona Sharifi. "Scoping review protocol of multicomponent interventions to address cardiometabolic disease risk among Pacific Islander children." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): e0280888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280888.

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Introduction Multicomponent interventions can reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in childhood; however, little synthesis of the literature has taken place in the Pacific region. Pacific Islanders experience a disproportionately high prevalence of CMD risk factors, yet interventions have been slow to reach many communities. We present this protocol for a scoping review to identify and summarize existing multicomponent interventions to address CMD risk in Pacific Islander children. Materials and methods Eligible interventions will (1) address CMD risk factors (including but not limited to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and/or health behaviors) in 2-to-12-year-old Pacific Islander children, and (2) be multi-component (including at least two lifestyle/behavior change strategies to address CMD risk factors). To investigate existing interventions for adaptation and potential use in Pacific Islander communities, we will search Scopus, MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Yale-licensed Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Global Health (EBSCO), non-indexed Pacific journals, grey literature, government reports, and clinical trial registrations. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews will guide data extraction, evidence mapping, synthesis, and reporting of information including study population, intervention components, behavioral changes, health and implementation outcomes, theoretical frameworks, and evaluation measures. Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required. The dissemination strategy will include peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations. Synthesis of existing multicomponent interventions for Pacific Islander children will help to identify best practices that could be replicated, adapted, or combined.
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Kokaua, Jesse, Seini Jensen, Reremoana Theodore, Nicholas Bowden, Russell Blakelock, Debra Sorensen, Wilmason Jensen, and Rosalina Richards. "Is parent education protective of mental wellbeing in Pacific young people? A cohort study of mental health and census data in Aotearoa/New Zealand’s integrated data infrastructure." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2021.112.

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Aim: The aims of this paper are to quantify the impact of parental education on the five-year incidence of mental health conditions (MHC) in Pacific young people and to investigate the influence of other factors. Method: The analyses in this paper used data extracted from Aotearoa/New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). Data relating to 383,595 young people (48,768 Pacific), identified in the 2013 Census, aged 12-24 years, and their parents’ were used. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the incidence of children with MHC from 2013-2018. Results: Mental health conditions were identified in one of five Pacific young people. Irrespective of ethincity, increased parental education was associated with decreased MHC. However, the association was only significant for those in specialist mental health care (OR=0. 897, 95%CI:0.881-0.913) but not for those seen in other health settings (OR=0. 989, 95%CI:0.974-1.004). The association, for specialist settings, was not mediated by the contribution of other factors (OR=0.941, 95%CI:0.926-0.958). However, increased parents education with the addition of social, cultural and economic advantages the number of Pacific children seen in the specialist mental health setting could be nearly halved. Conclusion: The findings show that a parental educational advantage exists for children who access specialist mental health care. However, there are more complex but far greater opportunities for the health of Pacific families if a coordinated education, housing, employment and health solution were possible. The gains from a multi-disciplinary Pacific solution exist in terms of reduced severity for and level of care to Pacific children with MHC.
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19

Langridge, Fiona, Malakai 'Ofanoa, Toakase Fakakovikaetau, Teuila Percival, Laura Wilkinson-Meyers, and Cameron Grant. "Developing a child health survey for a Pacific Island nation. Integrating the Delphi method with Pacific methodologies." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2020.638.

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Introduction: There is minimal information available that describes the health of children of primary school age (5-12 years) living in the Pacific. Current tools that exist for measurement of health have not been developed with Pacific paradigms in mind. Our objective was to describe the development of a culturally and contextually appropriate health survey to enable measurement of the health status of 5-12 year olds living in a Pacific Island Nation. Methods: Integrating a Delphi method with Pacific methodologies, two rounds of online questionnaires involving 33 panel members reviewed what to include in a health survey for primary school-aged children living in Tonga. The panel consisted of paediatric clinicians and academics, teachers and parents from Tonga, New Zealand, USA, and the UK. Results: Panel consensus was met on a range of domains to be included in the survey including: general demographics (80%), environment (80%), resilience and risk (88%), household economics (80%), psychological functioning (92%), social functioning (92%), physical functioning (88%), cognitive functioning (92%) and individual health conditions (84%). Particular importance was placed on including questions that described exposure of children to violence and abuse (93%). Conclusions: Based upon the consensus of a diverse expert panel, the domains that are necessary for the measurement of health in primary school-aged children living in Tonga were identified. The Delphi method proved a valid and useful technique to assist with the development of such a health survey and enabled the incorporation of a Pacific lens – a Tongan understanding of measuring children’s health.
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20

Oliver, Melody, Philip J. Schluter, Genevieve N. Healy, El-Shadan Tautolo, Grant Schofield, and Elaine Rush. "Associations Between Breaks in Sedentary Time and Body Size in Pacific Mothers and Their Children: Findings From the Pacific Islands Families Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 8 (November 2013): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.8.1166.

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Background:Breaks in sedentary behavior are associated with reduced body size in general populations. This study is the first to consider the relationship between objectively assessed sedentary breaks and body size in Pacific children and their mothers.Methods:Pacific children aged 6 years (n = 393) and their mothers (n = 386) residing in New Zealand were invited to participate in 2006. Sedentary time was assessed via accelerometry. Average frequency, duration, and intensity of breaks in sedentary time per hour were calculated. Waist circumference was assessed and demographic factors collected via questionnaire. Relationships between waist circumference and potential associated factors for participants were assessed using linear regression analyses.Results:Accelerometer data were obtained from 126 children (52 boys) and 108 mothers. Mean (standard deviation) waist circumference values for mothers and children were 114 cm (20.1 cm) and 59.4 cm (7.8 cm), respectively. For mothers, time spent sedentary and being an ex/nonsmoker were positively related to waist circumference. For children, watching television every day and having a mother with a high waist circumference was associated with a greater waist circumference.Conclusion:Strategies that focus on reducing sedentary time in Pacific mothers and on encouraging television free days in young Pacific children are recommended.
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21

Paterson, Janis, El-Shadan Tautolo, Leon Iusitini, and Steve Taylor. "Pacific Islands Families Study: psychological distress among mothers of Pacific children living in New Zealand." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 40, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12491.

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22

Rush, Elaine C., Lindsay D. Plank, Peter S. W. Davies, Patsy Watson, and Clare R. Wall. "Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and European children aged 5–14 years." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 6 (December 2003): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20031000.

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Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5–14 years were investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age 10·0 (sd 2·8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived from the 18O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children had a higher BMI than European children (P<0·003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r 0·42, P=0·008), but not for boys. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for body weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0·02), with Pacific children having intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r −0·43, P=0·006), but was not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with reported time spent inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related energy expenditure that might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not seen. Low levels of physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.
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23

Kitano, Margie K. "Gifted and talented Asian children." Rural Special Education Quarterly 8, no. 1 (March 1987): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687058700800102.

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Asian and Pacific American (APA) children constitute 4.4% of the identified gifted students. This article suggests general approaches for working with gifted APA students based on relevant cultural characteristics and definitions of giftedness. Child-rearing practices–which emphasize conformity, obedience, and correctness-mitigate against development of the creative personality. Techniques are suggested for developing the creative in APA gifted children.
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Karr, Catherine, Helen Murphy, Gwen Glew, Matthew C. Keifer, and Richard A. Fenske. "Pacific Northwest Health Professionals Survey on Pesticides and Children." Journal of Agromedicine 11, no. 3-4 (December 2006): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j096v11n03_12.

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25

Karatela, Shamshad, Neil I. Ward, Irene Suilan Zeng, and Janis Paterson. "Status and interrelationship of toenail elements in Pacific children." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 46 (March 2018): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.004.

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26

Paterson, Janis, Sarnia Carter, Wanzhen Gao, and Lana Perese. "Pacific Islands Families Study: behavioral problems among two-year-old Pacific children living in New Zealand." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 48, no. 5 (May 2007): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01716.x.

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27

Gibb, Sheree, Barry Milne, Nichola Shackleton, Barry J. Taylor, and Richard Audas. "How universal are universal preschool health checks? An observational study using routine data from New Zealand’s B4 School Check." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e025535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025535.

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ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate how many children were attending a universal preschool health screen and to identify characteristics associated with non-participation.DesignAnalysis of population-level linked administrative data.ParticipantsChildren were considered eligible for a B4 School Check for a given year if:(1) they were ever resident in New Zealand (NZ),(2) lived in NZ for at least 6 months during the reference year, (3) were alive at the end of the reference year, (4) either appeared in any hospital (including emergency) admissions, community pharmaceutical dispensing or general practitioner enrolment datasets during the reference year or (5) had a registered birth in NZ. We analysed 252 273 records over 4 years, from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2015.ResultsWe found that participation rates varied for each component of the B4 School Check (in 2014/2015 91.8% for vision and hearing tests (VHTs), 87.2% for nurse checks (including height, weight, oral health, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] and parental evaluation of development status) and 62.1% for SDQ – Teacher [SDQ-T]), but participation rates for all components increased over time. Māori and Pacific children were less likely to complete the checks than non-Māori and non-Pacific children (for VHTs: Māori: OR=0.60[95% CI 0.61 to 0.58], Pacific: OR=0.58[95% CI 0.60 to 0.56], for nurse checks: Māori: OR=0.63[95% CI 0.64 to 0.61], Pacific: OR=0.67[95% CI 0.69 to0.65] and for SDQ-T: Māori: OR=0.76[95% CI 0.78 to 0.75], Pacific: OR=0.37[95% CI 0.38 to 0.36]). Children from socioeconomically deprived areas, with younger mothers, from rented homes, residing in larger households, with worse health status and with higher rates of residential mobility were less likely to participate in the B4 School Check than other children.ConclusionThe patterns of non-participation suggest a reinforcing of existing disparities, whereby the children most in need are not getting the services they potentially require. There needs to be an increased effort by public health organisations, community and whānau/family to ensure that all children are tested and screened.
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28

Aldwell, Katharine, Corinne Caillaud, Olivier Galy, Stéphane Frayon, and Margaret Allman-Farinelli. "Tackling the Consumption of High Sugar Products among Children and Adolescents in the Pacific Islands: Implications for Future Research." Healthcare 6, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030081.

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The Pacific Islands are experiencing an obesity epidemic with a rate of overweight and obesity as high as 80% among adults in some Pacific Island nations. Children and adolescents in the region are also affected by overweight and obesity, which is alarming due to the increased likelihood of remaining overweight as an adult. Research supports an association between poor diet and an increased risk of obesity and development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Excess consumption of free sugars is associated with poorer overall diet quality and increased risk of weight gain, chronic inflammation and dental caries. Traditional diets in the Pacific Islands are being supplemented with processed, high-sugar foods and beverages; thus, there is a clear need for effective interventions promoting positive dietary behaviors in the region. School and community based interventions offer an opportunity to promote positive behavior change among children and adolescents. This review aims to evaluate interventions targeting the consumption of high-sugar products in this population in the Pacific Islands.
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Sanders, Michael, Natasha Houghton, Ofa Dewes, Judith McCool, and Peter Thorne. "Estimated prevalence of hearing loss and provision of hearing services in Pacific Island nations." Journal of Primary Health Care 7, no. 1 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15005.

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INTRODUCTION: Hearing impairment (HI) affects an estimated 538 million people worldwide, with 80% of these living in developing countries. Untreated HI in childhood may lead to developmental delay and in adults results in social isolation, inability to find or maintain employment, and dependency. Early intervention and support programmes can significantly reduce the negative effects of HI. AIM: To estimate HI prevalence and identify available hearing services in some Pacific countries — Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga. METHODS: Data were collected through literature review and correspondence with service providers. Prevalence estimates were based on census data and previously published regional estimates. RESULTS: Estimates indicate 20–23% of the population may have at least a mild HI, with up to 11% having a moderate impairment or worse. Estimated incidence of chronic otitis media in Pacific Island nations is 3–5 times greater than other Australasian countries in children under 10 years old. Permanent HI from otitis media is substantially more likely in children and adults in Pacific Island nations. Several organisations and individuals provide some limited hearing services in a few Pacific Island nations, but the majority of people with HI are largely underserved. DISCUSSION: Although accurate information on HI prevalence is lacking, prevalence estimates of HI and ear disease suggest they are significant health conditions in Pacific Island nations. There is relatively little support for people with HI or ear disease in the Pacific region. An investment in initiatives to both identify and support people with hearing loss in the Pacific is necessary. KEYWORDS: Health services; hearing loss; otitis media; Pacific Islands
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O'SULLIVAN, C. E., M. G. BAKER, and J. ZHANG. "Increasing hospitalizations for serious skin infections in New Zealand children, 1990–2007." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 11 (December 15, 2010): 1794–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002761.

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SUMMARYThe incidence of serious skin infections in New Zealand children is significantly higher than in comparative countries. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of these infections and identify changes in disease distribution over time. Discharge data were analysed for all children admitted to a New Zealand public hospital with a serious skin infection during the period 1990–2007. Patient and admission variables were compared between 1990–1999 and 2000–2007. The incidence of serious skin infections almost doubled from 298·0/100 000 in 1990 to 547·3/100 000 in 2007. The highest rates were observed in boys, preschool-aged children, Māori and Pacific children, those living in deprived neighbourhoods, urban areas and northern regions. Over time there were disproportionate increases in infection rates in Māori and Pacific children and children from highly deprived areas. Serious skin infections are an increasing problem for New Zealand children. Worsening ethnic and socioeconomic health inequalities may be contributing to increasing rates.
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31

Romero, Noah, Carol Mutch, and Wairehu Grant. "The Remembered Children of Maui - Pan-Pacific Conversations and Solildarities." Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry 13, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18733/cpi29640.

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Call for submissions for the Summer 2024 (Volume 16 No. 1) issue of Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry entitled The Remembered Children of Maui - Pan-Pacific Conversations and Solidarities, with guest co-editors Noah Romero, Carol Mutch and Wairehu Grant.
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Romero, Noah, Carol Mutch, and Wairehu Grant. "The Remembered Children of Maui - Pan-Pacific Conversations and Solidarities." Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry 14, no. 1 (December 17, 2022): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18733/cpi29667.

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Call for submissions for the Summer 2024 (Volume 16 No. 1) issue of Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry entitled The Remembered Children of Maui - Pan-Pacific Conversations and Solidarities, with guest co-editors Noah Romero, Carol Mutch and Wairehu Grant.
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Muñoz-Antoli, Carla, Paloma Pérez, Rafael Toledo, Mónica Gozalbo, Aleyda Pavón, and Jose-Guillermo Esteban. "Enteroparasites in Preschool Children on the Pacific Region of Nicaragua." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0551.

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34

Rush, Elaine, Victor Obolonkin, and Fa’asisila Savila. "Growth centiles of Pacific children living in Auckland, New Zealand." Annals of Human Biology 40, no. 5 (May 17, 2013): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2013.793391.

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35

Bacchus, Shanaz, and Marla Hendriksson. "Are Asian and Pacific Islander Children Overlooked for Health Risks?" Journal of Children's Health 1, no. 2 (January 2003): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/713610286.

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36

Gui, Yong-Hao. "S10-2 CARDIAC CHILDREN IN ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION: MAINLAND CHINA." International Journal of Cardiology 122 (December 2007): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(08)70334-6.

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37

Gambol, Patricia, and Mary Gambol. "Vulnerability in the Asian or Pacific Islander Immigrant Child." Journal of School Nursing 18, no. 6 (December 2002): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405020180060301.

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The influx of Asian or Pacific Islander immigrants has created a challenge for United States public schools. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it elucidates the unique situation the Asian or Pacific Islander child faces in public schools by using a case study and a vulnerability model. Its second purpose is to provide school nurses with important tools to guide them in caring for these vulnerable children. The tools consist of an assessment questionnaire for school nurses to use when they measure a child’s vulnerability level and tips to improve communication with non-English-speaking children. School nurses can use the information obtained from these tools to initiate primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention.
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38

Matsuoka, Isao. "Children and Yaskuni Shrine — War-Bereaved Children who Became Shoukokumin after the Asia Pacific War." HALLYM JOURNAL OF JAPANESE STUDIES 37 (December 25, 2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18238/hallym.37.5.

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39

Wall, Clare R., Deborah R. Brunt, and Cameron C. Grant. "Ethnic variance in iron status: is it related to dietary intake?" Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 9 (September 2009): 1413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004187.

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AbstractObjectiveIn New Zealand (NZ), Fe deficiency (ID) is present in 14 % of children aged <2 years. Prevalence varies with ethnicity (NZ European 7 %, Pacific 17 %, Maori 20 %). We describe dietary Fe intake, how this varies with ethnicity and whether intake predicts Fe status.DesignA random sample of children aged 6–23 months. Usual Fe intake and dietary sources were estimated from 2 d weighed food records. Associations were determined between adequacy of Fe intake, as measured by the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and ID.SubjectsSampling was stratified by ethnicity. Dietary and blood analysis data were available for 247 children.ResultsThe median daily Fe intake was 8·3 mg (age 6–11 months) and 6·3 mg (age 12–23 months). Breast milk and milk formulas (median 58 %; age 6–11 months), and cereals (41 %) and fruit and vegetables (17 %; age 12–23 months), were the predominant dietary sources of Fe. Fe intake was below the EAR for 25 % of the children. Not meeting the EAR increased the risk of ID for children aged 6–11 months (relative risk = 18·45, 95 % CI 3·24, 100·00) and 12–23 months (relative risk = 4·95, 95 % CI 1·59, 15·41). In comparison with NZ European, Pacific children had a greater daily Fe intake (P = 0·04) and obtained a larger proportion of Fe from meat and meat dishes (P = 0·02).ConclusionsA significant proportion of young NZ children have inadequate dietary Fe intake. This inadequate intake increases the risk of ID. Ethnic differences in Fe intake do not explain the increased risk of ID for Pacific children.
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Paterson, J. E., S. Carter, J. Wallace, Z. Ahmad, N. Garrett, and P. A. Silva. "Pacific Islands Families Study: Risk factors associated with otitis media with effusion among Pacific 2-year-old children." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 71, no. 7 (July 2007): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.03.013.

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41

Karatela, Coomarasamy, Paterson, and Ward. "Household Smoking Status and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Toenails of Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203871.

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There is limited evidence on the distribution of heavy metals and its association with secondhand smoking (SHS) within Pacific Island children living in New Zealand. Certain heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and aluminum (Al) bioaccumulates in the body and can deteriorate health in both children and adults. Others, such as chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in trace amounts are necessary but become toxic at high levels. Exposure routes of these elements include food, water, and air. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of toxic metal concentrations and its possible correlation with SHS within the Pacific Island children. A sub-sample of children within Pacific Island families longitudinal study, at the nine-year phase, who were living in the New Zealand city of Auckland were invited to participate, (n = 278). Toenails were used as a biomarker to determine Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Al concentration using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Reliable and validated questionnaires were used for demographics, lifestyle, and health outcome variables. Significant differences between household smoking status and ethnicity, as well as parents’ marital status, were observed (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in heavy metal concentrations in smoking versus non-smoking households. However, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni concentrations were all higher than the required optimal health value in both groups. A high concentration of heavy metals was observed in these children that exceeded the value required for optimal health, although no significant difference in heavy metals with regards to secondhand smoking was observed. SHS was associated with children’s ethnicity and parental marital status, but not with household income levels or maternal education.
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Singer, George H. S., Garry Hornby, Jiyeon Park, Mian Wang, and Jiacheng Xu. "Parent to Parent Peer Support Across the Pacific Rim." Journal of International Special Needs Education 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.9782/2159-4341-15.2.89.

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In Pacific Rim countries parents of children with developmental disabilities have organized peer support organizations. One form of peer support is Parent to Parent based on one to one connections between two parents. The movements to create and sustain peer support in the U.S., New Zealand, China, and Korea are described. Qualitative evidence from interviews in the US indicates several reasons why Parent to Parent is effective for some of the people who obtain social provisions from the organizations. Peer support helps parents resist social stigma, gain hope, and obtain persuasive guidance. They are able to exchange situated knowledge from their lived experiences with children with disabilities (Brown, Collins & Duguid, 1989). This kind of information may not be available through other sources.
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Abcede, Del. "REVIEW: The 'widow village' and human justice." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v6i1.690.

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Review of Pacific Women Speak Out: For Independence and Denuclearisation, edited by Zohl de Ishtar. Sydney: Women's International League for Peace and Freedom/ Raven Press. Self- determination, land rights and human rights are still the leading issues of the day. These issues are as old as humanity itself. It's particularly more touching if the victims are least powerful—the women and children. Pacific Women Speak Out highlights some of these.
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GURNEY, J. K., J. STANLEY, M. G. BAKER, N. J. WILSON, and D. SARFATI. "Estimating the risk of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand by age, ethnicity and deprivation." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 14 (June 17, 2016): 3058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001291.

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SUMMARYIn New Zealand, efforts to control acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequelae have focused on school-age children in the poorest socioeconomic areas; however, it is unclear whether this approach is optimal given the strong association with demographic risk factors other than deprivation, especially ethnicity. The aim of this study was to estimate the stratum-specific risk of ARF by key sociodemographic characteristics. We used hospitalization and disease notification data to identify new cases of ARF between 2010 and 2013, and used population count data from the 2013 New Zealand Census as our denominator. Poisson logistic regression methods were used to estimate stratum-specific risk of ARF development. The likelihood of ARF development varied considerably by age, ethnicity and deprivation strata: while risk was greatest in Māori and Pacific children aged 10–14 years residing in the most extreme deprivation, both of these ethnic groups experienced elevated risk across a wide age range and across deprivation levels. Interventions that target populations based on deprivation will include the highest-risk strata, but they will also (a) include groups with very low risk of ARF, such as non-Māori/non-Pacific children; and (b) exclude groups with moderate risk of ARF, such as Māori and Pacific individuals living outside high deprivation areas.
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Rush, Elaine, Wanzhen Gao, Mafi Funaki-Tahifote, Raetea Ngamata, Ta'i Matenga-Smith, Maria Cassidy, and Janis Paterson. "Birth weight and growth trajectory to six years in Pacific children." International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17477160903268290.

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Moore, Eileen, and John C. Jackson. "Children of the Fur Trade: Forgotten Metis of the Pacific Northwest." Western Historical Quarterly 27, no. 4 (1996): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970542.

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47

Ortiz, Edgardo. "S10-3 CARDIAC CHILDREN IN ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION: SOUTH-EAST ASIA." International Journal of Cardiology 122 (December 2007): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(08)70335-8.

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48

Oliver, M., P. Schluter, G. Schofield, and J. Paterson. "Factors related to physical activity in Pacific children aged 6 years." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 13 (December 2010): e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.682.

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Minujin, Alberto, Carolyn McCaffrey, Mahesh Patel, and Qimti Paienjton. "Redefining poverty: Deprivation among children in East Asia and the Pacific." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 14, no. 1 (October 20, 2013): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018113504772.

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Waterson, Roxana, and Deepak Kumar Behera. "Introduction: Extending Ethnographic Research with Children in the Asia-Pacific Region." Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 12, no. 5 (November 2011): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2011.611163.

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