Journal articles: 'Pacific aid'

1

Ahluwalia, Pal, and Toby Miller. "Aid, dependence, climate—a pacific dilemma." Social Identities 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2020.1869226.

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Robie, David. "Foreign Aid in Pacific Media Education." Media Asia 34, no. 2 (January 2007): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2007.11726846.

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Betzold, Carola. "Fuelling the Pacific: Aid for renewable energy across Pacific Island countries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 58 (May 2016): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.156.

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Rix, Alan, and Sandra Tarte. "Japan's Aid Diplomacy and the Pacific Islands." Pacific Affairs 73, no. 1 (2000): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672324.

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Luteru, P. H., and G. R. Teasdale. "Aid and Education in the South Pacific." Comparative Education 29, no. 3 (January 1993): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305006930290306.

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Pavlov, Vlad, and Craig Sugden. "Aid and Growth in the Pacific Islands." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 20, no. 2 (November 2006): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2006.00182.x.

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Pavlov, Vlad, and Craig Sugden. "Aid and Growth in the Pacific Islands." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 20, no. 2 (October 9, 2006): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2006.00187.x-i1.

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Dearden, Stephen J. H. "EU aid policy towards the Pacific ACPs." Journal of International Development 20, no. 2 (2008): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1451.

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Kaspar, Annette, Sione Pifeleti, Penaia A. Faumuina, Obiga Newton, and Carlie Driscoll. "Ethical issues for large-scale hearing aid donation programmes to the Pacific Islands: a Samoan perspective." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 10 (August 26, 2020): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106560.

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The Pacific Islands are estimated to have among the highest global burdens of hearing loss, however, hearing health services are limited throughout this region. The provision of hearing aid is desirable, but should be delivered in accordance with WHO recommendations of appropriate and locally sustainable services. Large-scale hearing aid donation programmes to the Pacific Islands raise ethical questions that challenge these recommendations.The aim of this paper is to consider the ethical implications of large-scale hearing aid donation programmes to Samoa, a nation of the Pacific Islands. Evaluation of both ‘Western’ and ‘Pacific Island’ perspectives reveals important cross-cultural differences regarding attitudes to donation programmes. We attempt to offer possible solutions that satisfy both ethical frameworks, and which should enable us to deliver an effective hearing health service for Samoa. These solutions may be translational and benefit other Pacific Island nations in a similar context.

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Dayant, Alexandre. "Chinese Debt in the Pacific: Information from the Lowy Institute Pacific Aid Map." Outre-Terre N°58-59, no. 1 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oute2.058.0262.

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Galbraith, J. E. K. "ASPECT IN THE PACIFIC: WALKING THE AID TIGHTROPE." ANZ Journal of Surgery 64, no. 1 (January 1994): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02126.x.

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Gani, Azmat. "Governance and foreign aid in Pacific Island countries." Journal of International Development 21, no. 1 (January 2009): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1480.

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Scott, Matthew. "Strings attached: New Zealand’s climate aid in the South Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1186.

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Commentary: Throughout New Zealand’s history, the nation has maintained a close and privileged relationship with its island neighbours in the South Pacific, exemplified by centuries of trade and migration. As the effects of climate change encroach on South Pacific nations such as the Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga, New Zealand has implemented an aid programme via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade in order to mitigate the effects of the changing climate on these countries economically and socially. However, research depicts an aid programme that may do harm alongside good—by prioritising climate change mitigation over more sustainable and community-centred strategies, New Zealand has created a situation in which these countries become dependent on our solutions to their problems. By researching the controversial record of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies funded by developed nations across the South Pacific, it becomes evident that New Zealand’s programme of climate aid in the region is neocolonial and unsustainable.

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Brant, Philippa. "Chinese Aid in the South Pacific: Linked to Resources?" Asian Studies Review 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2013.767311.

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Knapman, Bruce. "Aid and the dependent development of pacific Island states." Journal of Pacific History 21, no. 3 (July 1986): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223348608572538.

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Gani, Azmat. "Pacific island countries high per capita foreign aid requirement." Journal of International Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1217.

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SETIAWAN, EDWIN, DIRK ERPENBECK, GERT WÖRHEIDE, and NICOLE J. DE VOOGD. "Bearing the wrong identity: A case study of an Indo-Pacific common shallow water sponge of the genus Neopetrosia (Haplosclerida; Petrosiidae)." Zootaxa 4500, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.2.

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Sponges of the order Haplosclerida are often abundant and characteristic components of Indo-Pacific reefs, but are often misidentified, because of the lack of clear distinctive morphological characters. Neopetrosia exigua is an example of a haplosclerid sponge that is very common in Indonesian shallow coral reef environments but bears several different names. In the present study we investigated type material of several Indo-Pacific Neopetrosia species with a similar morphology and examined freshly collected specimen materials including specimens that are deposited at several institutions. In addition, we used molecular phylogenetic methods for assisting the morphological examinations. We conclude that the true identity of Neopetrosia exigua should be Neopetrosia chaliniformis. Likewise, N. exigua and N. pacifica should be considered as junior synonyms of N. chaliniformis. In conclusion, we advocate that molecular barcoding could significantly aid on sponge species’ delimitation that possess limited morphological characters.

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Rifaldy, Yusuf. "Melihat Latar Belakang Australia Dalam Memberikan Bantuan Luar Negeri ke Kawasan Pasifik." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, no. 2 (November 28, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i2.18738.

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Australia is one of the largest foreign assistance donor country to thecountries in the Pacific Region. Besides the proximity of geographiclocation between the two, there are various other factors that causeAustralia to provide foreign assistance to the Pacific Region. The Pacificregion which consists of small countries and mostly an island nation with alow economic level has a high dependence on foreign aid provided by othercountries. This study was conducted to look at Australia’s background inproviding foreign assistance to countries in the Pacific Region and whatwas generated and achieved from the provision of foreign assistance. Thisstudy uses literature-based data collection, both using official documentsissued by parties related to Australia’s foreign aid issues and otherrelated documents. The results obtained from this study are that Australiaprovides foreign assistance to countries in the Pacific Region that cannotbe separated from Australia’s efforts to obtain its national interests, bothin terms of security, economy, and politics.

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WARDHANI, BAIQ, and VINSENSIO DUGIS. "Interpreting Indonesia’s “Look East” Policy: The Security Dimension of Foreign Aid." Issues & Studies 56, no. 03 (September 2020): 2040010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101325112040010x.

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As Indonesia’s economy gradually improves, the government has been actively promoting its horizontal cooperation among developing countries by playing a prominent role as a non-DAC (Development Assistance Committee) provider. Though the country has been receiving aid over the past two decades, it has also been providing to other developing countries in the Pacific region. However, Indonesia’s relations with these countries face contention due to it being perceived as “big and aggressive.” This is evident in its decision to oppose the independence of Papua. After decades of seeking good relations, Jakarta has opened its Eastern door by creating a closer link with the Pacific countries through the provision of aid. As it moved from ignorance to awareness, Indonesia’s approach was aimed at solving domestic problems related to its national integration and territorial integrity in the east, particularly the issue of Papuan independence. The country made use of aid as its primary diplomatic tool in its “Look East” policy. This paper investigates the extent to which this policy has been instrumental in rebuilding, restoring, and improving Indonesia’s image among Pacific countries. It argues that the ethnic dimension is one of the critical determinants in diplomatic relations, and ignorance could lead to its failure. Furthermore, it shows that the use of aid has resulted in a constructive impact that has been evident in a decrease in support for Papua separatism in the South Pacific region.

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Matheson, Don, Kunhee Park, and Taniela Sunia Soakai. "Pacific island health inequities forecast to grow unless profound changes are made to health systems in the region." Australian Health Review 41, no. 5 (2017): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16065.

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Objective Twenty years ago the Pacific’s health ministers developed a ‘Healthy Islands’ vision to lead health development in the subregion. This paper reports on a review of health development over this period and discusses the implications for the attainment of the health related Sustainable Development Goals. Methods The review used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative review included conducting semi-structured interviews with Pacific Island Government Ministers and officials, regional agencies, health workers and community members. A document review was also conducted. The quantitative review consisted of examining secondary data from regional and global data collections. Results The review found improvement in health indicators, but increasing health inequality between the Pacific and the rest of the world. Many of the larger island populations were unable to reach the health Millennium Development Goals. The ‘Healthy Islands’ vision remained an inspiration to health ministers and senior officials in the region. However, implementation of the ‘Healthy Islands’ approach was patchy, under-resourced and un-sustained. Communicable and Maternal and Child Health challenges persist alongside unprecedented levels of non-communicable diseases, inadequate levels of health finance and few skilled health workers as the major impediments to health development for many of the Pacific’s countries. Conclusions The current trajectory for health in the Pacific will lead to increasing health inequity with the rest of the world. The challenges to health in the region include persisting communicable disease and maternal and child health threats, unprecedented levels of NCDs, climate change and instability, as well as low economic growth. In order to change the fortunes of this region in the age of the SDGs, a substantial investment in health is required, including in the health workforce, by countries and donors alike. That investment requires a nuanced response that takes into account the contextual differences between and within Pacific islands, adherence to aid effectiveness principles and interventions designed to strengthen local health systems. What is known about the topic? It is well established that the Pacific island countries are experiencing the double disease burden, and that the non-communicable disease epidemic is more advanced. What does this paper add? This paper discusses the review of 20 years of health development in the Pacific. It reveals that although progress is being made, health development in the region is falling behind that of the rest of the world. It also describes the progress made by the Pacific countries in pursuit of the ‘Healthy Islands’ concept. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper has significant implications for Pacific countries, donor partners and development partners operating across and within Pacific countries. It calls for a substantial increase in health resourcing and the way development assistance is organised to arrest the increasing inequities in health outcomes between Pacific people and those of the rest of the world.

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Santa Gideon, Angga. "INDONESIA CHARM OFFENSIVE: KEKUATAN BANTUAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA TERHADAP NEGARA PASIFIK SELATAN PADA ISU KEMERDEKAAN PAPUA BARAT." Sriwijaya Journal of International Relations 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47753/sjir.v1i1.4.

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This article aims to discuss how foreign aid power to South Pacific countries on West Papua independence uses the Charm Offensive approach. Charm Offensive is a country's diplomacy method by providing foreign aid or investment to a recipient country to become an ally or support the country's political-economic motives. Charm Offensive requires high costs because it has to provide assistance and investment to other countries. However, the consideration is that this diplomacy method is very effective for countries that are indeed requesting assistance. Through this article, Charm Offensive will maintain its implementation through Indonesia's motives in providing foreign assistance to South Pacific countries. The motive was then relegated to take a deeper look at whether foreign assistance effectively quelled the rhetoric of South Pacific countries in supporting West Papua independence.

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Siekiera, Joanna. "Migration and Foreign Aid as Factors Restraining Regional Cooperation in the South Pacific." Polish Political Science Yearbook 50 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202125.

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Cooperation in the South Pacific region is unique due to the characteristics of its participants. Following the period of decolonization (1962-1980), countries in Oceania have radically changed. Achieving independence gave those nations international legal personality, yet complete independence from their former colonial powers. The following consequence was gaining an opportunity to draft, adopt and execute own laws in national and foreign policy. PICT (Pacific island countries and territories) have been expanding connections, political and trade ones, within the region since the 1960s when permanent migration of islanders and intra-regional transactions began. Migrations along with foreign aid are considered as the distinctive characteristics of the Pacific Ocean basin. Since the 1980s, the regional integration in Oceania, through establishing regional groupings and increasing the regional trade agreements number, took on pace and scope. The MIRAB synthetic measure (migration, remittances, aid, bureaucracy) has been used in analyzing the Oceania developing microeconomies. Last but not least, migration and foreign aid have been retaining the region from a deeper and more effective stage of regionalism.

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Blanke, C. D., M. Leblanc, D. Hershman, F. Meyskens, L. Taylor, and L. M. Ellis. "Medical-aid-in-dying use in the US Pacific Northwest." Annals of Oncology 29 (October 2018): viii555—viii556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy295.026.

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Laplagne, Patrick, Malcolm Treadgold, and Jonathan Baldry. "A Model of Aid Impact in Some South Pacific Microstates." World Development 29, no. 2 (February 2001): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00097-8.

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25

Price, Sophia. "Brexit and the UK-Africa Caribbean and Pacific Aid Relationship." Global Policy 9, no. 3 (April 18, 2018): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12558.

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Salem, Saber. "China." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i4.51.

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In recent years, China has been steadily expanding its non-military footprint in the Pacific region in an unprecedented manner. The multi-dimensional expansion of Chinese presence in the Pacific has arguably, made the region a microcosm of power politics amongst regional and established powers. Part of the explanation for the Chinese fastpace growth in the Blue Pacific is the presence of the Taiwanese who have been one of the biggest providers of aid for diplomatic recognition. The aid-dependent Pacific Island Countries (PICs) by being active creators of the Sino-Taiwan chequebook diplomacy have time and again switched their diplomatic allegiance in order to secure more foreign aid for their social development and economic growth. Despite such an “unreliable” behaviour, Beijing has widened and deepened its presence in the region by providing concessional loans with “no strings attached.” The latter element has been conveniently alluring to all the PICs so much so that they have borrowed more than 50 percent of their GDP from China. This has alarmed the traditional donors such as US, Japan and Australia which are revisiting their policies and re-engaging in the Pacific politics actively, all aimed at preventing the Island nations sinking in Chinese debt and consequently losing their strategic leverage to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As for Taipei, it had managed to ally itself with six PICs in return for provision of foreign aid and foreign direct investments. However, in September 2019, two of its diplomatic allies ditched it in favour of Beijing. There has also been a paradigm shift in Beijing’s earlier policy vis-à-vis the PICs. In the past, PRC would not allocate aid to Taiwan’s (ROC) allies, however, after a shift in policy, ROC’s diplomatic allies currently get more aid from Beijing than from Taipei. The other worrying factor for the local population is a steady growth of the Chinese diaspora. Despite anti-Chinese riots in many countries, the new wave of Chinese immigrants do not seem deterred by the negative repercussion of their presence in the region. These Chinese new arrivals invest heavily in real estate in a bid to legitimise their presence in the island nations. This development has caused massive trepidation among regional powers, as they believe, would pave the way for Chinese military presence in the region under a legitimate claim to protect its overseas nationals.

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Robie, David. "Ross Stevens and Uni Tavur: A Kiwi publishing legacy among wantoks." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i2.811.

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A pilot training project for Papua New Guinean journalists in New Zealand in 1974 ended as a failure. This led to a five-year New Zealand Government aid scheme to establish the South Pacific's first journalism school at the national University of Papua New Guinea in 1975. New Zealand journalist and broadcaster Ross Stevens was the founding lecturer and his legacy included Uni Tavur, the region's first independent newspaper produced by student journalists under an innovative ownership editing model. The UPNG programme educated a generation of journalists in Papua New Guinea and today PNG journalists have the higest level of tertiary education and training in the Pacific. The experience also had a profound impact on the traditions of free speech and journalism training for the rest of the Pacific region. This article examines the contribution made by the late Stevens and how the country's political pressures have impacted on his legacy.

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Silk, Michael, and Andrew Manley. "Globalization, Urbanization & Sporting Spectacle in Pacific Asia: Places, Peoples & Pastness." Sociology of Sport Journal 29, no. 4 (December 2012): 455–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.29.4.455.

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Within this paper we “hold together” an amalgam of intensive and extensive glocalization and the simultaneous reinscription of the importance of the global growth rationalities to aid understandings of contemporary Pacific Asian sporting spectacles. Through a series of four vignettes, we point to the place of sport within intense transformations within urban conglomerations in Pacific Asia. In so doing, we point to three central, and interrelated, problematics that appear endemic to Pacific Asian mega-events; raising questions over whose histories, whose representations and which peoples matter to, and for, the Pacific Asian sporting spectacle. Conclusions are centered on attuning our scholarly directions toward the structural inequalities embedded within these processes and transformations.

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Sanga, Kabini, and Martyn Reynolds. "Whose voice is heard?" New Zealand Annual Review of Education 27 (November 24, 2022): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v27.8031.

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Aotearoa New Zealand has had a long association with other states in the Pacific, notably with Pacific Island countries generally grouped as Polynesia and Melanesia. Donor-aid and the introduced ideas of consultants have been currencies in many of these well-appreciated relationships. However, more collaborative arrangements have also born significant fruit. These include the collaborative publications of the now dis-established He Pārekereke Institute for Research and Development in Māori and Pacific Education. This article offers a sketch of the potential of He Pārekereke as an example of a small-scale unit associated with a university to influence policy development. What emerges is the significance of such ventures to affect New Zealand Pacific policy in the field of education through privileging the strengths, priorities, understandings and ideas of Pacific Island peoples to balance those introduced to the region.

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Austin, Linda. "Faith-Based Community Radio and Development in the South Pacific Islands." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000122.

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Faith-based broadcasters comprise half of all community radio stations in the South Pacific islands. As such, they reflect the deep indigenisation of Christianity and its central role in Pacific cultural identity. But their position within the media environment is surprisingly contentious. For secular community media practitioners, Pacific faith-based media are seen to interject foreign voices and capital into island communities. For the international development sector, partnership with faith-based organisations around development agendas brings fears that aid funds will be used for evangelism. This article explores the role of faith-based community radio in the South Pacific, and argues that they have achieved levels of sustainability that have thus far eluded secular community media through application of culturally appropriate and self-defined development pathways.

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Choong, Chee-Keong. "Aid and Economic Growth in Pacific Island Countries: An Empirical Study of Aid Effectiveness in Fiji." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 5, no. 4 (2006): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915006779206033.

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AbstractPacific island countries (PICs), ever since their independence during the second half of the last century, have been among the world's top ten recipients of official development assistance (ODA) on a per capita basis. Until the mid 1990s, most of them were receiving aid from their erstwhile colonial masters for budgetary support. With the introduction of reforms in ODA delivery in the late 1990s with focus on program and project-tied aid, it was expected that aid would directly facilitate creation of much-needed growth enhancing infrastructures, physical as well as social, since domestic savings were found to be insufficient to finance them. However, continued stagnation in some PICs and deterioration in some others have been causing concerns. This paper seeks to examine the effectiveness of aid by undertaking a case study of Fiji, which has a longer time series data needed for econometric investigation. Based on the study's findings, the paper lists some policy conclusions relevant to the region.

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L. McElroy, Jerome. "The Political Economy of China’s Incursion into the Caribbean and Pacific." Island Studies Journal 3, no. 2 (2008): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.224.

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This paper examines the recent incursion by China (meaning both Beijing and Taipei) into the Caribbean and Pacific. The general contours of Chinese trade and investment are discussed to provide a background context for a more specific exploration of Chinese aid, especially to small islands across the two regions. A review of recent literature primarily from Western sources reveals that the main strategic use of aid by Beijing (People’s Republic of China – PRC) has been to support the demands of its growing economy but secondarily to isolate Taiwan (Republic of China – ROC) diplomatically. This conclusion, illustrated with several case vignettes, is based on the focus of Chinese aid on those islands retaining diplomatic links with Taipei as well as on the political manoeuvreing this Cross-Strait rivalry has spawned. The paper further suggests that the types of projects Beijing and Taipei have funded, like those of their Western counterparts before them (Australia, Japan, United States), yield limited long-term island development gains.

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Rosser, Andrew, and Czeslaw Tubilewicz. "Emerging donors and new contests over aid policy in Pacific Asia." Pacific Review 29, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2015.1066413.

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Knaff, John A., Charles R. Sampson, and Kate D. Musgrave. "An Operational Rapid Intensification Prediction Aid for the Western North Pacific." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0012.1.

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Abstract This work describes tropical cyclone rapid intensification forecast aids designed for the western North Pacific tropical cyclone basin and for use at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Two statistical methods, linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression, are used to create probabilistic forecasts for seven intensification thresholds including 25-, 30-, 35-, and 40-kt changes in 24 h, 45- and 55-kt in 36 h, and 70-kt in 48 h (1 kt = 0.514 m s−1). These forecast probabilities are further used to create an equally weighted probability consensus that is then used to trigger deterministic forecasts equal to the intensification thresholds once the probability in the consensus reaches 40%. These deterministic forecasts are incorporated into an operational intensity consensus forecast as additional members, resulting in an improved intensity consensus for these important and difficult to predict cases. Development of these methods is based on the 2000–15 typhoon seasons, and independent performance is assessed using the 2016 and 2017 typhoon seasons. In many cases, the probabilities have skill relative to climatology and adding the rapid intensification deterministic aids to the operational intensity consensus significantly reduces the negative forecast biases.

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Gursky, Elin A., Frederick M. Burkle, David W. Hamon, Peter Walker, and Georges C. Benjamin. "The Changing Face of Crises and Aid in the Asia-Pacific." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 12, no. 6 (December 2014): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2014.0025.

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Atkinson, Joel. "Development Assistance and Geopolitics in Australia-China-Taiwan Relations." International Studies Review 16, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01602001.

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The development assistance programs of Australia, China and Taiwan impact each other’s geopolitical interests in the South Pacific region. This “aid triangle” has recently undergone a significant transformation. Previously, the interests of Australia and China aligned in competing against Taiwan for political influence in the region. However, since 2008, China-Taiwan relations have warmed and their aid contest in the South Pacific has been largely put on hold. This has ameliorated Taiwan’s conflict with Australia, and the two countries have increased their development assistance cooperation. However, China’s role in undermining Australia’s policy towards Fiji, and the global deterioration in China’s relations with a US coalition (including Australia), have potentially increased the competitive aspects of the Sino-Australian side of the triangle.

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Noakes, Steve, and Anna Powles. "What we Have (and Have not) Learned from Early Research on China’s Engagement in the Pacific." Ekistics and the new habitat 81, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2021813561.

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Culling a selective yet representative set of works on China’s growing presence in Pacific Island countries (PICs), this essay reviews and critically assesses early contributions to the field. To date, these contributions been motivated by two primary goals: a) gathering high-quality descriptive data on precisely what China does in individual PICs, in what amounts projects are funded, and by which actors projects are designed, negotiated, and carried out, and b) attempts to theorise China’s motivations for providing such aid and investment. However, we also find that research on the way local actors shape and influence Chinese engagement, and how China adapts to local norms and behaviours, is thin at best, as are appraisals of the impacts of Chinese aid at the local and national levels more broadly. We conclude that these extant gaps comprise an agenda for further empirical research, and that filling them necessitates attention to Pacific experiences of Chinese aid at the micro, meso, and macro levels.

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Jutel, Olivier. "Blockchain imperialism in the Pacific." Big Data & Society 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 205395172098524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720985249.

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The rise of blockchain as a techno-solution in the development sector underscores the critical imbalances of data power under ‘computational capitalism’ ( Beller, 2018 ). This article will consider the political economy of techno-solutionist and blockchain discourses in the developing world, using as its object of study blockchain projects in Pacific Island nations. Backed by US State Department soft power initiatives such as Tech Camp, these projects inculcate tech-driven notions of economic and political development, or ICT4D, while opening up new terrains for data accumulation and platform control. Blockchain developers in search of proof of concept have found the development sector a fecund space for tech experimentation as they leverage a desire for tech-development and exploit regulatory weakness. The material implications of blockchain projects and discourse have been to create governance solutions which bypass the developing world state as a largely corrupting intermediary. In the Pacific, this has meant blockchain supply-chain management systems, proprietary financial innovation in humanitarian relief and an Asian Development Bank project to manage indigenous Fijian lands exclusively on the blockchain. In all these instances, discourses of solutionism, innovation and data empowerment have been deployed in aid of blockchain cartographies of control.

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Sampson, Charles R., James L. Franklin, John A. Knaff, and Mark DeMaria. "Experiments with a Simple Tropical Cyclone Intensity Consensus." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007waf2007028.1.

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Abstract Consensus forecasts (forecasts created by combining output from individual forecasts) have become an integral part of operational tropical cyclone track forecasting. Consensus aids, which generally have lower average errors than individual models, benefit from the skill and independence of the consensus members, both of which are present in track forecasting, but are limited in intensity forecasting. This study conducts experiments with intensity forecast aids on 4 yr of data (2003–06). First, the skill of the models is assessed; then simple consensus computations are constructed for the Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and western North Pacific basins. A simple (i.e., equally weighted) consensus of three top-performing intensity forecast models is found to generally outperform the individual members in both the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific, and a simple consensus of two top-performing intensity forecast models is found to generally outperform the individual members in the western North Pacific. An experiment using an ensemble of dynamical model track forecasts and a selection of model fields as input in a statistical–dynamical intensity forecast model to produce intensity consensus members is conducted for the western North Pacific only. Consensus member skill at 72 h is low (−0.4% to 14.2%), and there is little independence among the members. This experiment demonstrates that a consensus of these highly dependent members yields an aid that performs as well as the most skillful member. Finally, adding a less skillful, but more independent, dynamical model-based forecast aid to the consensus yields an 11-member consensus with mixed yet promising performance compared with the 10-model consensus. Based on these findings, the simple three-member consensus model could be used as a standard of comparison for other deterministic ensemble methods for the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. Both the two- and three-member consensus forecasts may also provide useful guidance for operational forecasters. Likewise, in the western North Pacific, the 10- and 11-member consensus could be used as operational forecast aids and standards of comparison for other ensemble intensity forecast methods.

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Hallatu, Farah Diba, and Irma Indrayani. "AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN AID MOTIVATION FOR TUVALU IN EFFORTS TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 - 2020." Journal of Social Political Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v3i1.97.

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Tuvalu is a country located in the Pacific Region which only has an area of about 26 square kilometers with an average height of only 1.83 meters which makes this country very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, especially sea level rise. Tuvalu is quite dependent on foreign aid from donor countries. Australia is one of the most disaster-responsive countries and continues to assist Tuvalu in its efforts to deal with the impacts of climate change. In trying to understand Australia's background in providing assistance, the approach used is a qualitative method through literature study. The theories used to answer this phenomenon are the theory of foreign aid, the theory of soft power, and green political theory. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that Australia has a low commitment to climate change and has not taken the right steps to achieve climate targets, so that the foreign assistance provided by Australia is one of Australia's soft power strategies to maintain its dominance and influence in the Pacific Region. Australia can form a defense and security mapping to protect its national interests. Although the countries in the Pacific Region are relatively small and of little significance, Australia is taking advantage of the situation by making living fences as far as possible.

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Shankman, Paul. "Phases of Dependency in Western Samoa." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.1.kh0353863h4tu307.

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Since the early 1970s, anthropologists and other social scientists have been studying dependency in the South Pacific. There are now a number of case studies of different types of dependency including agricultural exports, migration and remittances, foreign aid, tourism, and private foreign investment. There are also comparative studies of dependency in the region (Howard 1983; Howard 1984; Bertram and Watters 1985; Hamnett, et al 1984). Yet there are still relatively few analyses of the interrelationships among different types of dependency for particular South Pacific countries.

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Salem, Saber. "Chinese Foreign Aid to Fiji: Threat or Opportunity." China Report 56, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445520916875.

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China’s political, economic and cultural influence is steadily rising in Fiji and the Pacific region as a whole. The Sino–Fiji cooperation deepened at multiple levels after the Fijian military assumed power through a coup d’état and removed the civilian government from power in late 2006. This ‘undemocratic behaviour’ infuriated the two regional powers—Australia and New Zealand who then applied sanctions on Fiji, particularly the military brass, and encouraged their counterparts as well as multilateral aid organisations to ‘punish’ Fiji’s military ‘regime’. The military government in order to derail the impact of sanctions from its traditional donors adopted the ‘Look North Policy’, which was opening cooperation with China and attracting Chinese investment in Fiji. China welcomed the friendship gesture and furnished Fiji with financial assistance. This Chinese friendship was also due to Taiwanese involvement in the region, which was providing aid for diplomatic recognition and support at the UN. The ‘microstates’ hold about 7 per cent of UN votes. Both China and Taiwan need their votes at multilateral organisations and given that these microstates are mostly aid-dependent economies, initiated an era of Chequebook diplomacy, which is basically money for diplomatic recognition in the case of Taiwan or acceptance of One China Policy in the case of China. The microstates have time and again switched between China and Taiwan and played one against the other to get more aid money out of their diplomatic rivalry. The Sino–Taiwan aid competition in the Pacific forced US to make a strong comeback and ensure that China under the pretext of denying Taiwan space in the region actually spies on the US activities in the region. As a result, the US and its regional allies have significantly increased their foreign aid to the island nations in order to coax them to diminish their level of financial dependence on China. So far, they have not been successful enough and China’s aid package has gone far beyond the level US is giving. Today, China is the second largest donor to the region and largest financier to Fiji. Fiji has become the ace in this game as it is the regional hub of the Pacific Island states. Bearing the current high level of aid competition between traditional and emerging donors in mind, it is too early to judge whether Chinese aid will cause more harm to Fiji than benefit or vice versa. It also entirely depends on the Fijian government as to how much it relies on Chinese aid and how clean Chinese are with their soft loans. China has been blamed for not being clear and specific about the terms and conditions of its concessional loans. This vagueness and secrecy that is associated with Chinese aid been a cause for concern, especially among traditional donors.

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Coxon, Eve, and Karen Munce. "The global education agenda and the delivery of aid to Pacific education." Comparative Education 44, no. 2 (May 2008): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050060802041050.

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Cassity, Elizabeth. "Cast the net a little wider: Australian aid in the South Pacific." International Journal of Educational Development 28, no. 3 (May 2008): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.12.003.

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Gounder, Rukmani. "Australia’s Aid Motives to Near Neighbours: Southeast Asia and the South Pacific." Asean Economic Bulletin 10, no. 3 (March 1994): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae10-3f.

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Carr, S. C., M. MacLachlan, and R. F. Schultz. "Pacific Asia Psychology: Ideas for Development?" South Pacific Journal of Psychology 8 (1995): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001255.

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Focussing on health and management needs, an applied “psychology for development” is emerging in the African literature, and we aimed to explore its wider application to the development of countries in Pacific Asia. “Psychology for development” has made use of some distinctive pathways, from (a) realizing that development policy may contain mistaken assumptions about the psychology of the people involved, to (b) reconstituting, (c) restating, (d) refuting, or (e) rechannelling psychological concepts devised for western conditions. Applied psychological phenomena so far identified include (a) a “pay me!” reaction to aid (recipients demanding money for their participation); (b) “double demotivation” (salary differentials between local and expatriates demotivating both groups); (c) the “pull down” motive (the perception that others will sabotage high self-achievement); (d) “cognitive tolerance” (the ability to value at the same time both modern medical and traditional beliefs about health); and (e) the revitalised importance to health care of concepts such as “source credibility”. Anecdotal evidence suggests that these pathways and applied concepts may have a future in Pacific Asia, and we recommend empirical research to develop awareness of their viability in this region.

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Baker, Kerryn. "Great Expectations: Gender and Political Representation in the Pacific Islands." Government and Opposition 53, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 542–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.54.

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Women make up just 6.1 per cent of Pacific parliamentarians. Increasing women’s representation is a key area of focus for political leaders and aid donors, both as a human rights issue and as a vehicle for the substantive representation of women. Women’s participation in politics in the Pacific Islands is often seen as a form of social contract between women. Female voters are expected to vote for female candidates. In exchange, female parliamentarians are expected to act, not just for the constituency that elected them, but for women as a group. This article examines the expectations that are placed on the political participation of Pacific women, and argues that attempts to increase women’s participation in politics in the region should avoid reinforcing these expectations through an emphasis on substantive representation.

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Cai, Liping A., and Cathy H. C. Hsu. "A pacific rim focus." International Journal of Tourism Research 1, no. 3 (May 1999): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-1970(199905/06)1:3<219::aid-jtr141>3.0.co;2-b.

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Moore, Patrick P. "Distinguishing Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry Cultivars using RAPD Markers." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 833G—833. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.833g.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) were used to distinguish among seven Pacific Northwest red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars. Random 10-base sequences were used to distinguish among `Chilcotin', `Chilliwack', `Comox', `Meeker', `Qualicum', `Tulameen', and `Willamette'. The seven cultivars could be distinguished even though there is considerable relatedness among the cultivars. `Chilliwack' and `Comox' share `Skeena' as a parent, and `Chilliwack' is a parent of `Qualicum'. `Willamette' is a parent of `Meeker'. This technology shows promise as a means of distinguishing cultivars and developing a genetic map to aid in breeding.

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Miller, Timothy W. "Integrated Strategies for Management of Perennial Weeds." Invasive Plant Science and Management 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-15-00037.1.

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Multiple weed control strategies employed in combination can often aid the successful management of perennial weed species. This review article provides examples of integrated control programs that could aid in the management of several invasive perennial weed species that are problematic in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere in North America. The development of an integrated management control program for wild chervil, a relatively recent invader to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and adjacent Canada, provides an example for this process. Through use of mechanical (mowing and tillage), cultural (establishment of competitive vegetation), and chemical (specific herbicides) strategies, control of this short-lived perennial species was greatly improved as compared to foliar herbicide applications alone. Such integrated strategies have been shown to enhance control of many perennial weed species, while potentially reducing the amount of herbicide applied, lessening the possibility of injury to adjacent desirable vegetation and increasing the stability of the ecological community at the site.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pacific aid'

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