Dissertations / Theses: 'Pacific aid'

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Tongamoa, Siupeli Taiamoni. "Aid, planning and development in the South Pacific." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357779.

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Henry, David, and n/a. "A poverty focus for aid to basic education in the South Pacific." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.155223.

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The aim of this thesis is to develop approaches that aid agencies could use in the appraisal and/or development of basic education programs in South Pacific countries which address aspects of poverty. It is set in the context of wider international concern that aid programs need to have a more direct impact on the conditions of the poor than they have had in the recent past. Concepts of poverty, basic education and literacy appropriate to South Pacific countries are developed and relationships among them are examined as preliminary steps to data collection and analysis. The data for the thesis comes from programs of aid to basic education that were running in or have commenced since 1985 and consists of formal evaluations and reviews, the opinion of expert panels and anecdotal evidence from individuals. Analysis of the data is conducted in two stages; first, criteria by which to judge the success of programs are developed and applied to the data, and second, the common components of successful programs are identified. The 'components of success' are then used to develop approaches that aid agencies could employ in analysing program proposals and/or in developing programs in basic education that have a poverty focus. Examples of how these approaches could be applied to particular programs are given.

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Yates, Rodney B. "Aid, attitudes and ambivalence: The impact of Australian aid in the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in the Republic of Kiribati." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118144/8/Rodney%20Yates%20Thesis.pdf.

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Using a critical pedagogy framework, this study examines dependency on Australian Aid and local ownership/sustainability in the introduction of inclusive education in Kiribati through document analysis, interviews with key local stakeholders and school-based focus group discussions. The results indicate that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging and that Australian Aid provided essential advocacy through direct management of initiatives. Inclusive education initiatives remain dependent on Australian Aid for direction and sustainability. Sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati will depend on continued development of local ownership including community support and commitment by the Government of Kiribati, particularly budgetary support.

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Schilcher, Daniela, and n/a. "Supranational governance of tourism : aid, trade and power relations between the European Union and the South Pacific island states." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080508.150955.

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This thesis examined the role of supranational organisations (SOs) in the governance of tourism in a North-South context. Focusing on the issue area of development cooperation, this thesis investigated the question of how and why SOs got involved in tourism in developing countries, and more specifically, in small island developing states. Such involvement may occur either directly through aid funded projects or indirectly through international trade regimes that impact on tourism in the aid recipient countries. The thesis adopted a case study approach focussing on the European Union�s (EU�s) involvement in the governance of tourism in South Pacific island states. Grounded in a history of colonialism, the EU has been involved in the �development� of the South Pacific for more than three decades, which allowed to track changes in development philosophy over time. Focusing on the concept of power, the case was assessed in a multi-scalar manner, analysing the EU�s involvement from the global down to the local level. Never before has an entire multilevel polity been assessed in one coherent case study, incorporating actors situated at all levels and ranging from supranational organisations to national governments, businesses, communities, and individuals. The methods employed in this thesis included interviews, participant observation, document analysis (policy documents and newspapers), and subsequently critical discourse analysis. The latter served to highlight the so-called �third face of power� (Lukes 1974), which is closely related to the concept of ideological hegemony. Interviews were conducted in Fiji and Samoa with officials of the South Pacific Delegations of the EU, officials of tourism authorities, NGOs, tourism operators and community members. Elite interviews in Brussels were conducted with officials of the European Commission and the European Parliament. Under all scales and �faces� of power the EU was found to be the dominant actor, while the issue of self-interest appeared to play a key role. At a macro-level, the EU clearly dominated in most overt decision-making situations during negotiations on aid and trade agreements. As concerned the inclusion of tourism in the agreements, the relative importance of the sector was clearly dependent on the European Commission�s prevailing attitude on �tourism and development� at any point in time. At a meso- and micro-level, the EU�s influence was less obvious yet nonetheless existent, for example through funding rules and the use of European consultants. Indirect influence also occurred at the national level. In particular the substitution of a preferential trade regime with a free trade agreement (the Economic Partnership Agreements), which is currently being negotiated between the EU and the Pacific Islands, is likely to have a significant impact on the economic importance of tourism, as well as public policy in the South Pacific. In a mini case study of Samoa, it was found that the resulting changes in tourism policy would have a significant impact �on the ground�, in particular with regard to rates of local ownership and control. Overall, power relations were found to be highly unequal and self-determination and empowerment have largely not been achieved. However, more research is needed to examine the ability to generalise the findings to other geographic regions or other types of SOs. The key contribution of this thesis in the theoretical realm constitutes its bridging of agency and structure within multi-level governance, which may be conceived as a �third way� to either dependency theory-influenced studies (global/structure) or community approaches (local/agency).

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Michalek, Amanda Lee. "Screening for perfectionism in female athletes : an aid in determining patterns of disordered eating?" Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/661.

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Eating disorders are prevalent among female athletes, particularly those involved in lean sports, which put greater emphasis on a slim physique. Because of the negative --- physical and emotional consequences associated with disordered eating, it is essential that such behavior be detected and treated early. However, it may be difficult to identify symptoms of disordered eating among female athletes, perhaps due to perfectionism. Individuals scoring high in perfectionism may be more self-critical of mistakes and thus more likely to conceal such behavior. The present study combined the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) with the Athletic Mileu Direct Questionnaire (AMDQ), in an effort to determine whether the combined use of a perfectionism and disordered eating inventory would better identify those at risk for disordered eating. Both questionnaires were compared to the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and results indicated that both AMDQ and FMPS scores correlated positively with EDE global scores. Type of sport did not result in a significant correlation with disordered eating scores, although potential explanations are discussed.

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Li, Jinxiang. "The European Union relationship to the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries in terms of the Cotonou Agreements: will the economic partnership agreements aid regional integration." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The main purpose of this paper was to explore the role economic partnership agreements play in regional integration. The whole paper was premised on identifying the nature of economic partnership agreements that is conceived as a free trade arrangement. Therefore the paper discussed the feasibility of the reciprocal principle between the European Union and ACP countries, and further indicated that there is no need to implement the principle of reciprocity at present. The paper also discovered that, due to the fact that unequal trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries still exist, the implementation of the EPAs is most likely to generate the complementary but non-competitive trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries. Such a situation could result in the ACP countries over-independence on the EU's market. ACP countries are not expecting to such integration. In addition the paper ascertains that the EPAs themselves could contain the intrinsic negative impacts such as discrimination against the third countries on regional integration.

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Cosgriff, Brian. "ODA : official development assistance or opportunity, duty and agenda? : a comparative analysis of Japan and Australia as foreign aid donors in the South Pacific, 1976-2000." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4262.

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Foreign aid has become, since the end of World War II, a powerful and cost-effective foreign policy tool for developed states in their relations with Third World nations. In the context of the South Pacific, Australia and Japan, the region's two largest donors, increased their aid commitments during the 1970s. This was a time of rapid change in the region, characterised by decolonisation and the subsequent arrival of the Cold War. The impact of the latter on aid policy was profound. Both donors, as members of the Western Alliance, increased their aid volumes to the region to counter the perceived threat posed by Soviet inroads. The period between 1976, a time of significant change in the region, and the present day is examined to take into account the influence that the Cold War and its aftermath had on aid patterns. The aid patterns and policies of Japan and Australia are looked at individually during the Cold War period and beyond. A comparison of the two donors follows, which shows the similarities and differences as well as the changes and continuities in their approaches to the region, and the extent to which they have evolved over time. While the thesis is guided by two of only a few comparative analyses of aid donor ambitions, an attempt is made to develop a basis for comparison that takes into account the unique nature of the South Pacific. It is argued throughout that commercial, humanitarian and security dimensions, in addition to the desire to be seen as good international citizens, and a sense of identity with the region, were key determinants of each donor's aid philosophy.

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Noa, Siaosi Ashalyna Sialataua. "Catching the Dragon's Tail: The Impact of the Chinese in Samoa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4257.

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Contemporary Samoan society is a reflection of a number of different cultures and influences. As a result of several attempts at colonisation by the British, German and New Zealand Administrations the cultural landscape of Samoa has been influenced by many different groups and peoples. As a result of integration and assimilation into the Samoan way of life the Chinese have been accepted into Samoan society and have contributed to the development of Samoan culture and identity. This thesis explores the history of the Chinese in Samoa as a method of uncovering the true extent of the influence played by the Chinese, both as a people and as a nation, in the make-up of Samoan society. It uncovers the roles and impacts of the Chinese in the island nation from the first Chinese arrivals in the late 19th century, through various political administrations and into the present day. The thesis will illustrate the importance of the Chinese in Samoa and how they have contributed to, and helped to shape, the Samoan people, politics, culture, identity and economy. This thesis explains the importance of the Chinese in Samoa by examining important events in Samoan history in the past 150 years. Such events include the forbidding of Chinese settlement in Samoa through the Malietoa Laupepa Law of 1880, the establishment of the Chinese indentured scheme, and the ‘new wave’ of Chinese aid being poured into the Pacific, including Samoa, in recent times.

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Elleman, Robert A. "Aerosol size distribution modeling for the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10097.

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Kotchenruther, Robert A. "Ozone photochemistry in the Northeastern Pacific troposphere and the impacts of trans-pacific pollution transport /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8563.

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11

Mahmud, Abdullah Al. "Evaluation of the AIRPACT2 air quality forecast system for the Pacific Northwest." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/a%5Fmahmud%5F091605.pdf.

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12

Ting, Tsan-kau Chris. "International market selection in Asia Pacific Region : air conditioning service industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622867.

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13

Falster, Kathleen Anne National Centre in HIV Epidemiology &amp Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Longitudinal studies of HIV outcomes in the Asia-Pacific." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44599.

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This thesis presents a series of longitudinal studies of HIV-outcomes in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available. The primary source of data is the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). AHOD is an observational cohort of more than 2000 patients with HIV recruited via hospitals, sexual health centres and general medical practices specialising in HIV medicine. Chapter five of this thesis addresses whether there were any differences in antiretroviral therapy use and virological response that might explain the different trends in new HIV diagnosis rates between state jurisdictions in Australia in recent years. Analysis of data from cohort studies of primary and chronic HIV infection, gay community surveys and national prescription data suggest that, for the most part, antiretroviral therapy use and virological response were similar in each jurisdiction during the first decade of HAART. Chapter six describes the prevalence of, and risk factors for, an incomplete immune response despite sustained viral suppression in patients on HAART in AHOD. The clinical relevance of this phenomenon is also explored in terms of AIDS and death during follow-up. Of those with sustained viral suppression, one third of patients did not achieve immune recovery greater than 350 cells/??l in the 12-24 months after starting their first or second HAART regimen, and this was associated with a lower CD4 cell count at baseline. Chapter seven describes cause-specific mortality in patients with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region. Immunodeficiency was associated with non-AIDS and AIDS mortality, and the risk of non-AIDS mortality increased with age. Less conclusive was the relationship between country-income level and risk of death from AIDS or non-AIDS causes because of the relatively high proportion of unknown causes of death in low-income settings. Chapter eight presents hospitalisation rates, risk factors and associated diagnoses in patients with HIV in Australia. Older, sicker individuals, as indicated by markers of advanced immunodeficiency or frequency of hospitalisation, were at greater risk of hospitalisation and death in the AHOD cohort. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, patients with HIV are currently hospitalised at higher rates than people of similar age in the general population.

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14

Erick-Peleti, Stephanie Uini. "Factors associated with smoking amongst a cohort of mothers of pacific infants in Aotearoa / a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Health Science at Auckland University of Technology, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ErickPeletiS.pdf.

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15

Bui, Long T. "The politics of AIDS advocacy for Asian Americans." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1454978.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 18, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-81).

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16

Porter, Matthew Kirk. "Regional modeling of nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury atmospheric deposition in the Pacific Northwest." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/M_Porter_082407.pdf.

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17

Chen, Jack Chi-Mou. "Short-term air quality forecasts for the Pacific Northwest and long-range global change predictions for the U.S." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/j_chen_051007.pdf.

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18

Vacharakitja, Venus. "Social Support and Psychotherapy for Asian and Pacific Islanders with HIV/AIDS." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4894.

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HIV/AIDS rates among Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) have increased steadily in recent years. The Health Resources and Services Administration reported in 2011 that people living with HIV/AIDS experience psychiatric disorders at a rate 4 to 8 times higher than the general population, with as many as 60% experiencing depression. Studies show that short-term psychotherapy reduces depression and anxiety in people with HIV/AIDS, and studies have indicated that patients have better health outcomes when they receive psychotherapy in conjunction with medical treatment. It is not known how social support relates to psychotherapy attendance or health outcomes as measured by CD4 and viral load among people who are APIs and have HIV/AIDS. APIs comprise a group that does not readily engage with mental health services, thus warranting focused research attention. The purpose of this quantitative, causal, comparative study was (a) to examine the psychotherapy attendance rates of APIs and non-APIs who have HIV/AIDS, and (b) to identify the impact of social support on attendance rates and health outcomes such as CD4 and viral load. The data collected from anonymous medical files at a community health center, 993 number of records reviewed, analyzing the data using descriptive and inferential statistics in order to identify factors that increase psychotherapy attendance rates of people who are APIs and have HIV/AIDS. The study findings demonstrated that non-APIs have higher psychotherapy attendance rates over time compared to APIs, regardless of social support from case workers for attending. Positive social change for this group indicates further examination of the meaning and outcomes for API under these circumstances, with recommendation for use of qualitative data gathering the perspectives of API themselves.

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Ting, Tsan-kau Chris, and 丁燦球. "International market selection in Asia Pacific Region: air conditioning service industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269266.

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Bakeman, Valerie R. "Pacific and Atlantic coast mollusk shells chromatographic amino acid racemization kinetics and interlaboratory comparisons /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 4.12 Mb., 271 p, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/133182881.html.

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21

Price, Heather Umbehocker. "Photochemical processing of long range transported Eurasian pollution in the Northeast Pacific troposphere /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8645.

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22

Xie, Ying. "Testing ozone sensitivities using process analysis, chemical indicators, and very fine scale modeling with CMAQ in the Pacific Northwest." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/y_xie_120508.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 30, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.

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McCallister, Frank F. "Evaluation of the inventory and accountability practices of common support equipment throughout Pacific and Atlantic Fleets." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333418.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1997.
Thesis advisors, Donald R. Eaton, James G. Taylor, Gordon R. Nakagawa. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available online.

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Huang, Jennifer C. "Sociocultural contexts of Asian American/Pacific Islander women's HIV risk enhancing/reducing responses." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3137073.

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25

Buluran, Kristina-Rose. "Education programs to prevent HIV/AIDS among Asian and Pacific Islander older adults| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1583666.

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The purpose of this project was to locate a potential funding source and write a grant for an HIV/AIDS education programs for older Asian and Pacific Islander (API) adults. An extensive literature review was performed to investigate the need for HIV/AIDS prevention services and to expose barriers to the utilization of such services.

The proposed program will be held at AltaMed in El Monte, California, where there is a large diverse and underserved API population. The objectives include (1) increased knowledge of services, (2) increased knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the need for safe sex, and (3) empowerment to communicate about sexual matters with health care providers. By providing multilingual education programs, it is hope that the spread of HIV/AIDS will diminish among older API adults. The submission of this grant was not a requirement for the thesis project.

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Batres, Carlos. "Tracing the "enigmatic" Late Postclassic Nahua-Pipil (A.D. 1200-1500) : archaeological study of Guatemalan South Pacific coast /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967886961&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Batres, Carlos A. "TRACING THE "ENIGMATIC" LATE POSTCLASSIC NAHUA-PIPIL (A.D. 1200-1500): ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF GUATEMALAN SOUTH PACIFIC COAST." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/136.

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This thesis addressed the Late Post-classic (A.D. 1200 - 1500) Nahua-Pipil of the central Pacific coast of Guatemala. It evaluated archaeological settlement plan data and ceramics in association with regional geography, and ethnohistorical accounts in conjunction with GIS tools for their analysis. The goal is to reconstruct Nahua-Pipil sociopolitical organization, testing the hypothesis that it was based on the Nahua altepetl system.

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Davis, Michael A. "Cloud-Radiative Feedback and Ocean-Atmosphere Feedback In the Southeast Pacific Ocean Simulated by IPCC AR4 GCMs." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313350254.

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Averitt, Benjamin James. "A Survey of the Agronomic and End Use Characteristics of Low Phytic Acid Soybeans." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71335.

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Phytic acid (PA) accounts for up to 75% of the P in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds, but it is indigestible by mono- and agastric animals resulting in economic and environmental detriment. Soybean lines with genetically reduced PA contents have been developed using three distinct mutant alleles at the MIPS1, LPA1, and LPA2 genes resulting in up to a 75% reduction in PA. Low PA (LPA) soymeal-based feeds have been tested on several agricultural species and shown to reduce the P in the animal effluent, but they have not been tested on any aquacultural species. However, LPA soybean lines often exhibit low field emergence making them commercially inviable. The cause of this phenomenon is widely debated with possibilities ranging from increased disease pressure to decreased seedling vigor. The objectives of this research were to 1) enhance field emergence of LPA soybean varieties through pre-planting seed treatments, 2) study the impact of the LPA mutant alleles on agronomic, quality, and seed composition traits, and 3) design a low-error method for studying the effect of LPA soymeal-based feeds on aquatic animals using Pacific White Shrimp (Litoenaeus vannamei). These results describe a variety of agronomic and genetic strategies with which the low field emergence of LPA soybeans can be addressed, reveal a heretofore not reported interaction between the mips1 and lpa2 alleles to further increase the digestibility of soymeal, and a possible method for studying LPA soymeal based feed on aquacultural animals.
Master of Science

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30

Razali, Karina National Centre in HIV Epidemiology &amp Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Estimates and projections of HIV and Hepatitis C virus in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region." Publisher:University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41095.

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The use of mathematical models in studying disease epidemics can be diverse, from the focused study of the role of a single determinant of the epidemic, or to the overall estimation of morbidity and mortality. In using simple deterministic models, a balance is struck between biological and social complexities, and the high data input demands of mathematical models. This thesis aims to apply the use of deterministic mathematical models to the studies of HIV and hepatitis C epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, about 85% of reported HIV cases are among homosexual men. Casual homosexual partnerships made up 40% of incident HIV cases in 1995 increasing to 65% in 2004. In the state of New South Wales, it was estimated that over 7,500 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2005, increasing to over 10,000 by 2016 with existing levels of intervention. Intervention measures were estimated to have prevented some 44,500 cases, the majority being among injecting drug users through the Needle and Syringe Programmes. Models for the HIV epidemics in developing countries were also developed incorporating multiple routes of HIV transmission. For Papua New Guinea, it was estimated 64,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2005, rising to over 500,000 by 2025 with current levels of intervention. High levels of interventions, in particular increased condom use, will be required to achieve a stabilisation or reduction in HIV prevalence. In East Timor, the HIV epidemic is still in the early stages with 138 people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, rising to 5,000 by 2025 with minimal intervention. For HCV, models of the epidemic in Australia showed HCV incidence peaking in 1999, followed by a decline reaching 9,700 incident cases in 2005. Of 197,000 estimated chronic HCV cases in 2005, 58% had stage F 0/1 liver disease, 15% F 2/3 liver disease, and 2% HCV-related cirrhosis. Models estimated 210 and 105 people developed HCV-related liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Comparisons of modelled HCV long-term sequelae projections with linkage data showed relatively good agreement, despite discrepancies in liver-related deaths. To decrease the number of chronic HCV, at least a tripling of treatment coverage would be required. These models provide estimates of the current levels of epidemics as well as projections of future scenarios under different intervention strategies, which have an important role in the planning of strategies, as well as assessment of previous epidemic conditions.

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Robb-Webb, Jonathan James. "The British Pacific Fleet, experience and legacy : a levels of war analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-british-pacific-fleet-experience-and-legacy--a-levels-of-war-analysis(7c3be018-de65-4b72-a15f-3247f5ae786d).html.

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Egan, Joanne. "Impact and significance of tephra deposition from Mount Mazama and Holocene climate variability in the Pacific Northwest USA." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-and-significance-of-tephra-deposition-from-mount-mazama-and-holocene-climate-variability-in-the-pacific-northwest-usa(41efd2d2-b864-4d92-bdf5-b744c3cd71f2).html.

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The mid-Holocene climactic eruption of Mount Mazama in Oregon, USA (Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI-7) was among the largest eruptions globally during the Holocene. Despite evidence for possible hemispheric climatic impacts, the age of the eruption is not well-constrained and little is known about the environmental impacts of distal tephra deposition with previous studies showing no clear consensus. Further, the eruption occurred during a time of global climatic warming, raising questions about the impacts of tephra deposition in the context of longer-term change. Thus the aim of this thesis is to investigate the terrestrial and aquatic impacts of distal tephra deposition from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama approximately 7700 years ago, and to reconstruct Holocene environmental change in the Pacific Northwest of North America. The Mazama tephra forms an important isochronous marker horizon. A refined age of 7682-7584 cal. years BP (95.4% probability range) for the eruption was acquired through Bayesian statistical modelling of 81 previously published radiocarbon age estimations. Through high resolution palaeoecological and statistical analyses (stratigraphy, tephra geochemistry, radiocarbon dating, pollen, diatoms and ordination) the aquatic and terrestrial impacts of tephra deposition are assessed. Records were examined from the centre and fringe of Moss Lake, Washington to elucidate regional and local effects on vegetation and to determine whether the observed aquatic impacts were consistent throughout the lake, or whether the diatoms were responding to other factors, such as climate or catchment changes. Tephra deposition from the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama caused a statistically significant local terrestrial impact with changes to open habitat vegetation (Cyperaceae and Poaceae) and changes in aquatic macrophytes (Myriophyllum spicatum, Equisetum) and alga (Pediastrum), but there was no significant regional impact of distal tephra deposition. Statistical testing suggests the regional changes observed were climate-driven, evidenced by longer-term, underlying environmental change. Tephra deposition had a statistically significant impact on the aquatic system with decreases of epiphytic taxa (Fragilaria brevistriata and Staurosira venter) and increases of epipelic (Brachysira brebissonii) and tychoplanktonic taxa (Aulacoseira sp.) indicating a change in habitat and an increase of the Si:P ratio, lasting approximately 150 years. Variance partitioning demonstrated tephra to be a significant environmental variable; however, directional change exerted most influence and interactions between variables are evident. This study clearly demonstrates that there are complex interactions between drivers of change which is evidenced through time series analysis of the diatom Holocene record, revealing periodicities of approximately 2000 years, 1300 years, and 450 years attributed to solar variation and ocean-atmosphere interactions. Overall, tephra had a significant local effect on the environment, but no significant impact on the region independent of underlying environmental changes. More studies of similar nature are needed to evaluate the wider regional significance of the localised impacts shown at Moss Lake.

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33

Agudelo, Paula A. "Role of Local Thermodynamic Coupling in the Life Cycle of the Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19834.

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Intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) are important elements of the tropical climate with time-scales of 20-80 day. The ISO is poorly simulated and predicted by numerical models. This work presents a joint diagnostic and modeling study of the ISO that examines the hypothesis that local coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere is essential to the existence and evolution of the ISO in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region. Low-level moistening during the transition phase preconditions the atmosphere for deep convection. The vertical structure of ISO from the ECMWF coupled model during different phases of the oscillation as well as the skill of the model in simulating the processes that occur during the transition phase were studied. The forecast skill of the vertical structure associated with the ISO is greater for winter than for summer events. Predictability of the convective period is poor when initialized before the transitional phase. When initialized within the transition period including lower tropospheric moistening, predictability increases substantially, although the model parameterizations appears to trigger convection quickly without allowing an adequate buildup of CAPE during the transition. The model tends to simulate a more stable atmosphere compared to data, limiting the production of deep convective events. Two different one-dimensional coupled models are used to analyze the role of local ocean-atmosphere coupling in generating ISO. The ocean component is a one-dimensional mixed layer model. In the first model the atmospheric component corresponds to the SCCM. Results suggest that convection in the model tends to be "overactive," inhibiting development of lower frequency oscillations in the atmosphere. In the second case, the atmospheric component is a semi-empirical model that allows reproducing the coupled ISO over long integration periods including only local mechanisms. In the semi-empirical scheme the rate of change of atmospheric variables is statistically related to changes in SST. The stable state of this model is a quasi-periodic oscillation with a time scale between 25 and 80 days that matches well the observed ISO. Results suggest that the period of the oscillation depends on the characteristics of the ocean mixed layer, with a higher frequency oscillation for a shallow mixed layer.

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Shen, Jialin. "The variation of the gas phase acidity of a cysteine residue in oligopeptides." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/791.

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The altered acidities of amino acid residues in folded proteins can be used as a good indication for the diverse functions, stabilities as well as folding-unfolding states of the proteins. Previously, our group has investigated the gas phase acidities of a series of cysteine containing peptides of four residues and longer. The results showed that the helix macrodipole might have a significant influence on the acidities of these peptides. In this work, the gas phase acidities of isomeric small cysteine containing di- and tri-peptides were investigated experimentally and computationally. The gas phase acidities (ΔacidG) and related thermochemical quantities (ΔacidH and ΔacidS) were determined by using the extended Cooks kinetic method. A triple-quadruple mass spectrometer interfaced with an electrospray ionization source was employed for the study. The gas phase acidities of the N-terminal cysteine peptides (CysAla1,2NH2 and CysGly1,2NH2) were determined to be in the range of 321-323 kcal/mol, and the acidities of the C-terminal cysteine peptides (Ala1,2CysNH2 and Gly1,2CysNH2) were around 327- 331 kcal/mol. The results showed that theN-cysteine peptides were more acidic than the corresponding C-cysteine peptides, tri-peptides were stronger acids than di-peptides, and the acidities of cysteine-polyglycine peptides were close to those of the cysteine-polyalanine analogues. Computational studies were performed through conformer search, geometry optimization, and energy calculations using the Spartan and the Gaussian suite of programs. The results showed that the low energy conformations of all deprotonated peptides were coils. The greater acidities of the N-cysteine peptides were likely due to the stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions in the deprotonated N-cysteine peptides, which efficiently stabilized the thiolate anions. The theoretically predicted acidities were in good agreements with the experimental results.

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Vogeler, Susanne. "Nuclear receptors in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, as screening tool for determining response to environmental contaminants." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23626.

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Marine environments are under constant pressure from anthropogenic pollution. Chemical pollutants are introduced into the aquatic environment through waste disposal, sewage, land runoff and environmental exploitation (harbours, fisheries, tourism) leading to disastrous effects on the marine wildlife. Developmental malformations, reproduction failure including sex changes and high death rates are commonly observed in aquatic animal populations around the world. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these pollution effects, in particular for marine invertebrate species, are often unknown. One proposed mechanism through which environmental pollution affects wildlife, is the disruption of nuclear receptors (NRs), ligand-binding transcription factors in animals. Environmental pollutants can directly interact with nuclear receptors, inducing incorrect signals for gene expression and subsequently disrupt developmental and physiological processes. Elucidation of the exact mechanism in invertebrates, however, is sparse due to limited understanding of invertebrate endocrinology and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Here, I have investigated the presence, expression and function of NRs in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and explored their interrelation with known environmental pollutants. Using a suite of molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools I demonstrate that the Pacific oyster possesses a large variety of NR homologs (43 NRs), which display individual expression profiles during embryo/larval development and supposedly fulfil distinct functions in developmental and physiological processes. Functional studies on a small subset of oyster NRs provided evidence for their ability to regulate gene expression, including interactions with DNA, other NRs or small molecules (ligand-binding). Oyster receptors also show a high likeliness to be disrupted by environmental pollutants. Computational docking showed that the retinoid X receptor ortholog, CgRXR, is able to bind and be activated by 9-cis retinoic acid and by the well-known environmental contaminant tributyltin. A potential interaction between tributyltin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ortholog CgPPAR has also been found. In addition, exposure of oyster embryos to retinoic acids and tributyltin resulted in shell deformations and developmental failure. In contrast, computer modelling of another putative target for pollutants, the retinoic acid receptor ortholog CgRAR, did not indicate interactions with common retinoic acids, supporting a recently developed theory of loss of retinoid binding in molluscan RARs. Sequence analyses revealed six residues in the receptor sequence, which prevent the successful interaction with retinoid ligands. In conclusion, this investigative work aids the understanding of fundamental processes in invertebrates, such as gene expression and endocrinology, as well as further understanding and prediction of effects of environmental pollutants on marine invertebrates.

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Puniani, Kasalanaita. "Body composition measurements in Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand children aged 5-14 years thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PunianiK.pdf.

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Gu, Dasa. "Improved inverse modeling of nitrogen oxides emissions using satellite measurements over China and evidence of volatile organics emissions over the tropical Pacific." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51856.

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We improved the assimilated daily inversion method by conducting model simulation, satellite retrieval, and inverse modeling sequentially on a daily basis. The improved procedure was applied to GOME-2 and OMI NO₂ measurements over China in 2011, respectively. The new daily retrieval-inversion method significantly reduced the systematic bias in inverse modeling of NOₓ emission between using GOME-2 and OMI measurements, and detected more clear seasonal and weekly variations. OMI instrument observed NO₂ columns over China from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed in order to estimate the top-down anthropogenic NOₓ emission trends. The estimated average emission trend is slower than the trend reported for previous years. We find large regional, seasonal, and urban-rural variations in emission trends. These results appear to suggest that a number of factors have significantly reduced or even reversed the increasing trend of NOₓ emissions in more economically developed megacities and southern coastal regions, but their effects are not as significant in other major cities or less economically developed regions. A 1-D chemical transport model was applied to analyze OH and HO₂ radical observations during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE) near Christmas Island (Kiritimati, 1.52°N 157.24°W) from Aug. 2 through Sep. 10, 2007. In two of fourteen research flights, significantly higher HO₂/OH ratios in the buffer layer than the other flights were found. Model simulations indicated that fast-reacting oxygenated volatile organic compounds, which can react rapidly with OH and provide additional primary radical sources through photolysis, were necessary to explain the observations. During or right before these two flights, the WRF model simulated two strongest shallow convective events during this experiment, suggesting a transport pathway of ocean organics into the buffer layer. Ocean upwelling driven by atmospheric pressure depression during convection may expedite the release of ocean organics.

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Passador, Luiz Henrique 1963. "Guerrear, casar, pacificar, curar = o universo da "tradição" e a experiência com o HIV/Aids no distrito de Homoíne, Sul de Moçambique." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280719.

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Orientador: Mariza Correa
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passador_LuizHenrique_D.pdf: 15504513 bytes, checksum: ba82e021b1774ffbe8562473e06d4635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Esta tese é resultado de pesquisas etnográficas realizadas no distrito de Homoíne, Província de Inhambane, no Sul de Moçambique. Visando compreender como se dá a experiência da população local com o HIV/Aids num contexto rural, a partir de suas concepções "tradicionais" sobre as doenças e curas, o trabalho investiga os elementos que constituem o campo reconhecido emicamente como "tradição" e suas conseqüências pragmáticas no trato com a epidemia. Analisando o parentesco, as relações de gênero, a feitiçaria e a medicina tradicional, procura-se demonstrar como as concepções de doenças tradicionais estão associadas a um contexto de predação que tem suas raízes nas guerras que construíram as formas de socialidade na região Sul de Moçambique. Nesse contexto de conflitos que atravessam a história desde o período pré-colonial, as doenças tendem a ser experimentadas pelo viés persistente dessas concepções tradicionais, que associam as enfermidades a formas de predação fundadas no estatuto de alteridade dos agentes sociais que as produzem ou como rupturas de ordens internas ao campo social. A experiência com o HIV/Aids se dá dentro desse cenário, o que interfere nas formas de concepção local da doença e afeta as formas de controle da epidemia
Abstract: This thesis is the result of ethnographic researches conducted in the district of Homoíne, Inhambane Province, southern Mozambique. In order to comprehend the local experience with HIV / AIDS in a rural context through the "traditional" concepts about diseases and healing, the paper investigates the elements that constitute the emic field known as "tradition" and their pragmatic consequences in dealing with the epidemic. Analyzing kinship, gender relations, witchcraft and traditional healing, it seeks to demonstrate how traditional conceptions of disease are associated with a context of predation that has its roots in the wars that built the forms of sociality in the southern Mozambique. In this context of conflicts that pervade the story since the pre-colonial period, diseases tend to be experienced by the persistent bias of these traditional views, that the diseases associated with forms of predation based on the status of alterity of the social agents that produce them or as internal breaks the social order. The experience with HIV / AIDS takes place within that scenario, which interferes with the local ways to conceive the disease and affects the ways to control the epidemic
Doutorado
Doutor em Antropologia Social

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39

Wang, Ting. "Monitoring a natural autoxidation process of methyl linoleate by using GC-MS : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/586.

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The methyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid, methyllinoleate was reacted with oxygen in a pressurized system at a controlled temperature. A natural autoxidation of methyl linoleate was observed without the addition of an initiating reagent. This autoxidation process could be used to mimic the course of lipid peroxidation, which is the major cause ofradical damage to living cells. The technology of GC-MS was employed to monitor the autoxidation of methyllinoleate. Eight of the autoxidation products separated by GC column were identified by interpreting the corresponding EI ion mass spectra. The products from 9-alkoxy methyl linoleate radical were methyl octanate, 2,4-decadienal, nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-methyl ester, and its further oxidation product, nonanedioic acid, monomethyl ester. All of them formed through a pathway of beta-cleavage. The products from 13-alkoxy methyl linoleate radical were tridecanoic acid, 9, 11-diene-13-oxo-methyl ester, hex anal, and its further oxidation product, hexanoic acid. They were also formed through a mechanism of beta-cleavage. The fourth product from 13-alkoxy methyllinoleate radical was 13-keto-9, 11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, which was obtained through a pathway of keto formation. Observation of their concentrations in the samples at different autoxidation periods revealed the time-course of formation of these products.

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40

Tay, Frances. "Making Malaysian Chinese : war memory, histories and identities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/making-malaysian-chinese-war-memory-histories-and-identities(abc19330-315a-4602-9680-5beb74173920).html.

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This thesis proposes a new perspective on Malaysian Chinese studies by exploring issues of identity formation refracted through the lens of contestations of war memory, communal history and state-sponsored national history. In multiethnic Malaysia, despite persistent nation-building programs towards inculcating a shared Malaysian national identity, the question as to whether the Chinese are foremost Chinese or Malaysian remains at the heart of Malaysian socio-political debates. Existing scholarship on the Malaysian Chinese is often framed within post-independent development discourses, inevitably juxtaposing the Chinese minority condition against Malay political and cultural supremacy. Similarly, explorations of war memory and history echo familiar Malay-Chinese, dominant-marginalised or national-communal binary tropes. This thesis reveals that prevailing contestations of memory and history are, at their core, struggles for cultural inclusion and belonging. It further maps the overlapping intersections between individual (personal/familial), communal and official histories in the shaping of Malaysian Chinese identities. In tracing the historical trajectory of this community from migrants to its current status as ‘not-quite-citizens,’ the thesis references a longue durée perspective to expose the motif of Otherness embedded within Chinese experience. The distinctiveness of the Japanese occupation of British Malaya between 1941-1945 is prioritised as a historical watershed which compounded the Chinese as a distinct and separate Other. This historical period has also perpetuated simplifying myths of Malay collaboration and Chinese victimhood; these continue to cast their shadows over interethnic relations and influence Chinese representations of self within Malaysian society. In the interstices between Malay-centric national history and marginalised Chinese war memory lie war memory silences. These silences reveal that obfuscation of Malaysia’s wartime past is not only the purview of the state; Chinese complicity is evident in memory-work which selectively (mis)remembers, rejects and rehabilitates war memory. In excavating these silences, the hitherto unexplored issue of intergenerational memory transmission is addressed to discern how reverberations of the wartime past may colour Chinese self-image in the present. The thesis further demonstrates that the marginalisation of Chinese war memory from official historiography complicates the ongoing project of reconciling the Malaysian Chinese to a Malay-dominated nationalist dogma.

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Lehmkuhl, Ursula. "Kanadas Öffnung nach Asien : der Colombo-Plan, das "New Commonwealth" und die Rekonstruktion des Sterlinggebietes 1949-52 /." Bochum : N. Brockmeyer, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35545453n.

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42

Maier, Edith [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Tiedemann, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Bohrmann. "Oxygen and Silicon Stable Isotopes of Diatom Silica: Reconstructing Changes in Surface Water Hydrography and Silicic Acid Utilization in the Late Pleistocene Subarctic Pacific / Edith Maier. Gutachter: Ralf Tiedemann ; Gerhard Bohrmann. Betreuer: Ralf Tiedemann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072225891/34.

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43

Oerder, Vera. "Interactions couplées océan-atmosphère à meso-échelle dans le Pacifique Sud-Est." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066079.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux interactions entre l’océan et l’atmosphère dans le Pacifique Sud-Est, à des échelles comprises entre 10 et 300 km ("meso-échelle" océanique). Des observations satellites et un modèle couplé à haute résolution (1/12°) sont utilisés pour mettre en évidence et caractériser la relation entre la meso-échelle de température de surface de la mer (SST) et celle de l’intensité de la tension de vent (TV). Les observations montrent qu’environ un tiers de la meso-échelle de l’intensité de la TV est expliquée par les anomalies de la SST. L’intensité de la réponse de la TV aux anomalies de SST présente des variations spatiales et un cycle saisonnier marqué, également reproduits par le modèle. Une analyse de l’ajustement de la couche limite atmosphérique aux anomalies de meso-échelle de la SST dans les simulations permet d’expliquer ce cycle saisonnier et de comprendre l'origine des variations de la TV et de la vitesse du vent. Le modèle permet également d'étudier les conséquence de la modulation des flux à l’interface air-mer par la meso-échelle de SST et de courant de surface sur la dynamique océanique du Pacifique Sud-Est. D’une part, près de la côte, la réponse de la TV à la présence du front de SST diminue l’intensité de l’upwelling et la génération d’énergie cinétique turbulente (EKE) par instabilité barocline. La réponse de l’atmosphère à la meso-échelle de SST a également une rétroaction négative sur les anomalies de SST. D’autre part, la modulation de la TV par les courants de surface diminue la génération d’EKE par le travail des anomalies de TV, et créé un pompage d’Ekman qui atténue les anomalies de meso-échelle de la hauteur du niveau de la mer
This PhD thesis studies the air/sea interactions at the oceanic mesoscale (10-300 km) in the South-East Pacific and their consequences. Satellite observations and a high-resolution regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model are used to evidence and characterize the mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature (SST)-wind stress (WS) interactions. Offshore from 150km, observations show that one third of the WS mesoscale intensity is explained by the SST mesoscale anomalies. The intensity of the WS response intensity to the SST displays similar spatial and seasonal variability in both the model and the observations. The simulation is further analyzed to study this variations and to understand the boundary layer adjustment mechanisms. A momentum balance evidenced that the near surface wind anomalies are created by the anomalies of the turbulent mixing term. It is shown that WS intensity anomalies due to SST anomalies are are mainly forced by mixing coefficient anomalies and partially compensated by wind shear anomalies. The consequences on the oceanic dynamics of the air-sea momentum, heat and fresh water fluxes by mesoscale SST and surface current are investigated in the simulations. On one hand, near the coast, the WS response to the upwelling SST front decreases both the upwelling and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) generation by baroclinic conversion. A negative feedback of the atmospheric response on the SST anomalies amplitude is also evidenced. On the other hand, the WS modulation by oceanic surface currents decreases the EKE generation by the mesoscale wind work. It also creates an Ekman pumping centered above the eddies and attenuating sea surface height anomalies

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Kershaw, P. J. E. "Rex pacificus : studies of royal peacemaking and the image of the peacemaking king in the early medieval West." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rex-pacificus--studies-of-royal-peacemaking-and-the-image-of-the-peacemaking-king-in-the-early-medieval-west(4c8b3adc-f7a9-4d6d-b4e0-df3d93969e04).html.

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45

Doan, David C. "The Influence of Culture on HIV Disclosure Among Gay Asian Males." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4360.

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HIV-positive, Asian Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM) experience triple minority stigma including HIV, sexual orientation, and minority ethnicity. To date, there is no research that examines the influence of cultural factors, level of acculturation, social determinants of health, and other confounding variables (e.g., age, education, level of income, and length of time since diagnosis) on HIV-positive disclosure behaviors, attitudes, and intentions to casual sexual partners for API MSM. The theoretical framework for this study was based on Hofstede's original cultural values and Triandis's cultural dimensions. In this 2-phase, mixed methods, sequential explanatory study, 24 API MSM participants who are members of Fridae and other API organizations in the United States completed an anonymous online survey and 8 participants in Southern California completed in-depth semistructured phenomenological qualitative interviews. None of the regressions produced significant findings at the requested significance level (i.e., p < 0.5). The findings from the 2 phases of the study were integrated to facilitate a deeper, richer, and better understanding and explanation of those results than either approach alone. This mixed methods study was unique because it addressed an under-researched and poorly understood population of API MSM. The findings from this study have implications for positive social change for practitioners to incorporate culturally sensitive counseling strategies and for policymakers to develop or modify existing HIV preventive health education and health promotion programs for HIV-positive API MSM to negotiate safer sex behaviors, improve well-being, provide informed choice, and protect life that would promote competent quality care.

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Helson, Peter History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The forgotten Air Force : the establishment and employment of Australian air power in the North-Western area, 1941-1945." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38719.

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The air campaign conducted by the RAAF in the North-Western Area during the Second World War has been largely ignored by historians yet it contributed significantly to the outcome of the Pacific war. This thesis sets out to discuss the campaign by considering various factors that impacted on the RAAF in the lead up to and during the course of the Pacific war and their relevance to the campaign. It looks at the way air operations were conducted in the North-Western Area between 1942 and 1945 and describes the role played by the flying squadrons based in the area. Using primary sources such as operational record books, documents and files at archives and libraries and interviews with veterans and experts the thesis found that the campaign was conducted in several phases. It started with the defence of Darwin. In keeping with overall allied strategy the RAAF then went on an offensive into what was then the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) using medium and heavy bombers and mine laying sea planes flying from bases in Australia???s north west. The NEI was vital to the Japanese war effort as a source of essential raw materials such as oil, timber, and rubber. To defend this part of their new empire the Japanese had amassed large military garrisons on the islands. The vessels used to transport troops and materials became the most important targets for the RAAF???s bomber squadrons. As General MacArthur???s forces advanced along the north coast of New Guinea the North-Western Area based units conducted raids into the NEI to deceive the Japanese into thinking an invasion would be launched from Darwin. As the New Guinea campaign gained momentum the RAAF???s task was to protect its western flank, to prevent the Japanese from moving troops and aircraft east to the Philippines. The thesis concludes the campaign was successful because Darwin was defended, it denied the Japanese vital materials for the conduct of the war and it kept hundreds of aircraft and tens of thousands of troops away from the allied advance.

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Jahnke, Todd Eric. "By Air Power Alone: America's Strategic Air War in China, 1941-1945." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2800/.

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During World War II, the Army Air Force waged three strategic air offensives in and from China against Japan. At first, the Flying Tigers and 10th Air Force constituted the whole of American aid to China, but the effort soon expanded. Supported by Chiang Kai-shek, Claire Chennault and his 14th Air Force waged an anti-shipping campaign, to which the Japanese Imperial Army responded with Operation Ichigo and against which Joseph Stilwell accurately warned. 20th Bomber Command used B-29s to wage Operation Matterhorn, failed, and later conducted PACAID missions. 14th Air Force then waged a counterproductive transportation campaign as The Pacific War, also known as the Greater East Asian War, ended. Events in the China-Burma-India and China Theaters provide lessons in logistics, targeting, training, and air-ground cooperation that are applicable in the post-Cold War era.

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Davies, Llewellyn Willis. "‘LOOK’ AND LOOK BACK: Using an auto/biographical lens to study the Australian documentary film industry, 1970 - 2010." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154339.

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While much has been written on the Australian film and television industry, little has been presented by actual producers, filmmakers and technicians of their time and experiences within that same industry. Similarly, with historical documentaries, it has been academics rather than filmmakers who have led the debate. This thesis addresses this shortcoming and bridges the gap between practitioner experience and intellectual discussion, synthesising the debate and providing an important contribution from a filmmaker-academic, in its own way unique and insightful. The thesis is presented in two voices. First, my voice, the voice of memoir and recollected experience of my screen adventures over 38 years within the Australian industry, mainly producing historical documentaries for the ABC and the SBS. This is represented in italics. The second half and the alternate chapters provide the industry framework in which I worked with particular emphasis on documentaries and how this evolved and developed over a 40-year period, from 1970 to 2010. Within these two voices are three layers against which this history is reviewed and presented. Forming the base of the pyramid is the broad Australian film industry made up of feature films, documentary, television drama, animation and other types and styles of production. Above this is the genre documentary within this broad industry, and making up the small top tip of the pyramid, the sub-genre of historical documentary. These form the vertical structure within which industry issues are discussed. Threading through it are the duel determinants of production: ‘the market’ and ‘funding’. Underpinning the industry is the involvement of government, both state and federal, forming the three dimensional matrix for the thesis. For over 100 years the Australian film industry has depended on government support through subsidy, funding mechanisms, development assistance, broadcast policy and legislative provisions. This thesis aims to weave together these industry layers, binding them with the determinants of the market and funding, and immersing them beneath layers of government legislation and policy to present a new view of the Australian film industry.

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Tarte, Sandra. "Japan's aid diplomacy and the South Pacific." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122681.

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This thesis is a study of the factors that influence and shape Japan’s official development assistance to the Pacific island countries. It is a case study of Japan’s aid diplomacy and contributes to the broader debate about what drives Japan’s aid program and how to interpret Japan’s role as an aid donor. The thesis argues that the issue of access to the region’s fisheries resources has profoundly influenced and politicised Japan’s aid relations with the Pacific island countries. But other political and strategic agendas have also shaped Japan’s aid diplomacy with the region. These motivated the Kuranari Doctrine, Japan’s major statement of principles underlying its foreign policy with the Pacific islands. Through analysis of Japan’s fisheries aid diplomacy, the Kuranari Doctrine and Japan’s approach to multilateral aid policy frameworks, the thesis shows how, over time, policies may be driven by competing interests and objectives. The study demonstrates how different aid policies may be formulated by different parts of the aid bureaucracy, often without close coordination. This analysis builds on perspectives of Japan’s aid administration, especially the bureaucratic politics approach and the ‘modified strong state paradigm’. While the former emphasises inter-ministry conflicts and rivalry, the latter stresses coordination between government and private sector interests in ODA policy. This study suggests that neither perspective, on its own, provides an adequate explanation of the economic, political and bureaucratic factors shaping Japan’s aid policies to the Pacific island countries, and the way these have changed over time. While there is close coordination between government and private sector actors in order to advance strategic economic interests, coordination within the aid administration is more problematic. The thesis challenges assumptions, implicit in much of the literature on Japan’s ODA, that there is a coherent set of aid policies and that Japan’s ODA program has evolved in a rational way from a narrow economic focus to encompass broader diplomatic and political considerations. It suggests, instead, that there are tensions within the aid program, especially between economic and political objectives. The study highlights the way the Pacific island countries have challenged Japan’s economic dominance through a combination of collective diplomacy, alliance building and exploiting international regimes (the Law of the Sea Convention). The Pacific islands case is of interest in that it shows how extreme disparities between Japan and aid recipients may be balanced, to some extent, by both bureaucratic and diplomatic factors. The study shows how Japan’s aid diplomacy has reacted to challenges and threats in the regional context, but argues that external pressures and domestic political processes may pull Japan in different directions and give rise to a disjointed, ad hoc set of aid policies.

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Batten, Aaron. "Aid effectiveness in the small island developing states of the South Pacific." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148450.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pacific aid'

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