Academic literature on the topic 'PACE family'
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Journal articles on the topic "PACE family"
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DAVID, PATRICIA H. "FAMILY-BUILDING PATTERNS AND CHILDHOOD MORTALITY: A FAMILY-LEVEL ANALYSIS." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 4 (October 1999): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099004630.
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It has been suggested that altering the pace of reproduction would improve the health of women and children. For formulating intervention policies, it is important to know whether on its own such a strategy is likely to lead to risk reduction. This paper analyses mortality risk in sibships to explore the relationship between family formation factors and other household characteristics that identify women whose families are at higher risk. The analysis allows for the fact that reproductive behaviour may be modified by the family's prior experience of child death, using simultaneous equations methods to purge the model of the ‘feedback’ effects of death on the endogenous variable, childbearing pace. The strong relationship between reproductive pace and average risk in a family appears to be due to the association of both with other differences between households. Other aspects of family formation patterns are good indicators of which families are likely to experience excess risks to their children. These factors are associated with maternal education, but measure characteristics of the family or mother that educational attainment does not fully capture. They indicate that high-risk mothers are likely to have less control over many aspects of their lives. The pace of family building does not lead to excess average family risk, but may result, at least in part, from the concentration of risk in families with other characteristic patterns of family formation and few resources. The paper argues for a broader conception of household influences on child health and the health-related behaviour of parents.
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Mettetal, Gwendolyn. "The Dual-Career Family in Context: The Pace of Change." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 7 (July 1994): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/034506.
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Montgomery, Jay A., Janice Y. Sensing, Sandra D. Saunders, Walter K. Clair, Robert L. Abraham, Arvindh N. Kanagasundram, Christopher R. Ellis, George H. Crossley, Moore Benjamin Shoemaker, and Pablo Saavedra. "Premature battery depletion due to compromised low‐voltage capacitor in a family of defibrillators." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 42, no. 7 (May 14, 2019): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pace.13713.
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Crossley, George H., and Christopher R. Ellis. "Safe Identification of the ERI State in St. Jude Medical Identity® Family Pacemakers." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 38, no. 4 (January 20, 2015): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pace.12568.
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Hassan, Karl A., Varsha Naidu, Jacob R. Edgerton, Karla A. Mettrick, Qi Liu, Leila Fahmy, Liping Li, et al. "Short-chain diamines are the physiological substrates of PACE family efflux pumps." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (August 15, 2019): 18015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901591116.
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Acinetobacter baumannii has rapidly emerged as a major cause of gram-negative hospital infections worldwide. A. baumannii encodes for the transport protein AceI, which confers resistance to chlorhexidine, a widely used antiseptic. AceI is also the prototype for the recently discovered proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family of transport proteins that confer resistance to a range of antibiotics and antiseptics in many gram-negative bacteria, including pathogens. The gene encoding AceI is conserved in the core genome of A. baumannii, suggesting that it has an important primordial function. This is incongruous with the sole characterized substrate of AceI, chlorhexidine, an entirely synthetic biocide produced only during the last century. Here we investigated a potential primordial function of AceI and other members of the PACE family in the transport of naturally occurring polyamines. Polyamines are abundant in living cells, where they have physiologically important functions and play multifaceted roles in bacterial infection. Gene expression studies revealed that the aceI gene is induced in A. baumannii by the short-chain diamines cadaverine and putrescine. Membrane transport experiments conducted in whole cells of A. baumannii and Escherichia coli and also in proteoliposomes showed that AceI mediates the efflux of these short-chain diamines when energized by an electrochemical gradient. Assays conducted using 8 additional diverse PACE family proteins identified 3 that also catalyze cadaverine transport. Taken together, these results demonstrate that short-chain diamines are common substrates for the PACE family of transport proteins, adding to their broad significance as a novel family of efflux pumps.
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Blich, Miry, Hodaya Oron, Wisam Darawsha, Mahmoud Suleiman, Lorber Avraham, Kchoury Asaad, Monther Boulos, and Lior Gepstein. "Non‐ischemic sudden cardiac arrest: Role of 12 lead Holter, family screening and genetic testing." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 44, no. 8 (June 27, 2021): 1347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pace.14294.
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Delaney, Brendan. "General practice at the cutting edge of information technology, or failing to keep pace?" British Journal of General Practice 60, no. 573 (April 1, 2010): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp10x483869.
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Raghunath, M., E. A. Putnam, T. Ritty, D. Hamstra, E. S. Park, M. Tschodrich-Rotter, R. Peters, A. Rehemtulla, and D. M. Milewicz. "Carboxy-terminal conversion of profibrillin to fibrillin at a basic site by PACE/furin-like activity required for incorporation in the matrix." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.7.1093.
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Fibrillin-1, the main component of 10–12 nm microfibrils of the extracellular matrix, is synthesized as profibrillin and proteolytically processed to fibrillin. The putative cleavage site has been mapped to the carboxy-terminal domain of profibrillin-1, between amino acids arginine 2731 and serine 2732, by a spontaneous mutation in this recognition site that prevents profibrillin conversion. This site contains a basic amino acid recognition sequence (R-G-R-K-R-R) for proprotein convertases of the furin/PACE family. In this study, we use a mini-profibrillin protein to confirm the cleavage in the carboxy-terminal domain by both fibroblasts and recombinantly expressed furin/PACE, PACE4, PC1/3 and PC2. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids in the consensus recognition motif prevented conversion, thereby identifying the scissile bond and characterizing the basic amino acids required for cleavage. Using a PACE/furin inhibitor, we show that wild-type profibrillin is not incorporated into the extracellular matrix until it is converted to fibrillin. Therefore, profibrillin-1 is the first extracellular matrix protein to be shown to be a substrate for subtilisin-like proteases, and the conversion of profibrillin to fibrillin controls microfibrillogenesis through exclusion of uncleaved profibrillin.
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Kataryńczuk-Mania, Lidia. "ARTISTIC AND EDUCATIONAL ROLE OF FAMILY MUSIC MAKING." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 21, 2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3988.
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Every family is influenced by modernity, transformation, various changes and the fast pace of life. Music can be the ideal basis for a modern family. The article will show scientific reflections on the educational and artistic role of creating family music. Goals and objectives, the specifics of music and building relationships in the environment of music will be emphasized.
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Rich, Michael L. "The PACE Model: Description and Impressions of a Capitated Model of Long-Term Care for the Elderly." Care Management Journals 1, no. 1 (January 1999): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.1.1.62.
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The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is an innovative model of comprehensive long-term medical and social services. The system receives monthly capitation payments from Medicare and Medicaid for clients who are nursing-home eligible. PACE was developed originally by On Lok Senior Health Services in San Francisco’s Chinatown in the late 1970s. PACE is based upon the concept of maintaining the independence, autonomy and dignity of frail and disabled elders nearing the end of life (Sapir, 1996). The program’s underlying principle is to keep participants (PACE program enrollees) in the community for as long as it remains medically, socially, and economically feasible (Shen and Iverson, 1992). There is also a strong intention to preserve and support the older adult’s family unit.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PACE family"
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Alvarez, Elorza Alexis. "La contribution du juge judiciaire à la révélation de l’unité conceptuelle de la notion de famille." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2041/document.
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Le droit éprouve des difficultés à appréhender la notion de famille en raison d’une part, de l’absence de définition légale de cette notion et, d’autre part, de la diversité des situations familiales existantes. Cependant, la nécessité de garantir les droits familiaux des personnes impose la recherche de sa compréhension et de sa rationalisation. C’est en appréhendant la notion de famille en tant que notion indéterminée mais conceptuelle que cette thèse vise à identifier son élément irréductible, c'est-à-dire son unité conceptuelle. Pour ce faire, le juge judiciaire a été désigné comme l’observateur efficace de l’unité conceptuelle de la notion de famille et ce, en raison de la structure de l’acte juridictionnel par lequel il accomplit son office. Il sera donc démontré que, lorsque le juge décide de créer un lien familial ou de reconnaître en France un lien familial créé à l’étranger, il identifie l’unité conceptuelle de la notion de famille dans le concept de lien familial et met en évidence les éléments constitutifs de celui-ci, ainsi que la manière dont ils s’articulentThe law finds it difficult to apprehend the notion of the family because, on the one hand, to the absence of legal definition of this term, and on the other hand, the diversity of existing family situations. However, the necessity of guaranteeing the family rights of the people imposes the research for its understanding and for its rationalization. It is by the apprehension of the notion of the family as an indefinite but abstract notion that this thesis aims to identifying its irreducible element, that is its conceptual unity. In order to do this, the judicial judge has been designated as the effective observer of the family notion's conceptual unity and it is true because of the structure of the jurisdictional act by which he achieves his duty. It will be shown that, when the judge decides to create a family bound or to recognize a family bound created abroad, he identifies the family notion's conceptual unity in the concept of family bound and highlights its constituent elements, as well as the way they are connected
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Leviner, Betty Crowe. "The Page Family of Rosewell and Mannsfield: A Study in Economic Decline." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625407.
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Zeestraten, J. "Strolling to the beat of another drum : living the 'Slow Life'." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/833.
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As the pace of life in contemporary Western society accelerates, an increasing number of people are engaging in an alternative lifestyle: ‘Slow Living’. Although popular in the media, Slow Living, which addresses issues of quality of life, is a relatively new area of academic enquiry. Given a lack of empirical research, especially on the realities of the Slow Life in a New Zealand context, this ethnographic study aims to augment the knowledge on this lifestyle by focusing on how families experience Slow Living. The key research question is: How do families live their interpretations of a Slow Life? To answer this question, this study examined the everyday lives of five Slow Living families in Canterbury, New Zealand. Adult family members were given a time-use diary to complete over two days. These diaries were then used as a foundation for in-depth interviews and participant observation. Slow Living families hold to a number of personal values, such as personal agency, conscious living and leading meaningful lives. These comprise their ideal way of living. The families are also faced with a number of challenges and have to employ strategies to balance their ideal and what is possible. The different ways families adapt produces a variety of Slow Living lifestyles.
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Langenbrunner, Mary R., S. Cockerham, Jamie Branam Kridler, and C. Blankenship. "The State of the Profession: Are We on the Same Page." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5875.
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Incollinco-Mona, Henriette. "La normativité et le droit de la famille." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0026.
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Le Droit de la famille appartient a l'ensemble plus large des normes juridiques. Instrument de mesure, il intervient par ses thèmes fondateurs et unités d'évaluation, en établissant ou révélant des modèles de comportements et de situations. Soumis a l'internormativité avec les autres systèmes normatifs éthiques ou scientifiques, son évolution tend a limiter son contenu axiologique pour renforcer sa légitimité sociale. Il s'inscrit dans la tendance postmoderne des autres branches du droit. Les règles de formation et de vie du lien, mais aussi du contrôle juridictionnel, perdent alors leur rigidité normative. Dans la création et la rupture des liens, il favorise les options et les consécrations. Dans la vie du lien, apparaît une intervention partagée entre normes obligatoires et supplétives, libertés et accords. Une ligne directrice, conférant une fonction et une protection aux membres de la famille, persiste de façon certaine. Mais c'est au juge, dote d'une mission normative importante, que revient la tache de concilier les personnes et d'interpréter a la fois les textes flexibles ou généraux et les situations privées variées. A l'institution normative de la famille se superpose progressivement une liberté individuelle ou contractuelle << encadrée >> des situations et comportements familiaux. La famille devient un contexte d'intervention plus qu'un objet de réglementation. Les statuts des membres de la famille tendent a l'uniformisation et a l'individualisme par la prédominance du rôle et de la place sociale. Traditionnellement les règles juridiques permettaient de comprendre l'institution d'un modèle de famille. Actuellement, c'est dans la solidarité et l'harmonie des relations familiales et privées que se manifeste un modèle. Le droit les consacre mais n'en donne pas toujours les moyens de réalisation. C'est pourquoi c'est en réalité dans la famille elle-même, considérée comme modèle, que le droit pourra puiser les principes efficaces de son évolution.
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Griffon, Laurent. "Droits de famille et communauté de vie." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4033.
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La thèse met en évidence les interactions entre un fait, la communauté de vie, et le droit, les droits de famille. La communauté de vie est une liberté civile, elle repose sur un élément indispensable, la volonté. La reconnaissance de droits de famille par la communauté de vie a été reformée, puisqu'au mariage et au concubinage, désormais reconnu par la loi, s'ajoute le pacte civil de solidarité. Les droits accordés au moment du choix de la forme de la communauté de vie sont fonction de l’intensité de l'engagement : les époux bénéficient du statut le plus complet, tant sur le plan extra patrimonial que patrimonial, les concubins en sont dépourvus, les partenaires se voyant reconnaître des droits patrimoniaux pour l'essentiel. Le rapprochement entre les statuts se fait en réalité par l'enfant, en application du principe d'égalité des filiations. La communauté de vie, source de droits, conditionne aussi l’effectivité de ces droits. Vécue de bonne foi, elle permet la consolidation du titre (mariage, PACS filiation), le maintien des droits reconnus , voire l'acquisition de droits nouveaux (nationalité, adoption, PMA). Sa disparition donne toute la mesure de son importance. Que la communauté de vie cesse volontairement ou par décès, les époux sont les mieux protégés : reconnaître au plus démuni ou au survivant, pourvu de droits successoraux ab intestat, le maintien de ses conditions de vie. Par comparaison, les partenaires peuvent prétendre à une moitié du patrimoine commun, les concubins devant s'en remettre au juge. En matière de filiation, l'infériorité successorale de l'enfant adultérin est appelée à disparaître. L'étude souligne ainsi la supériorité du mariage, institution et acte de prévision d'un engagement pour la vie, sur le pacs, contrat à durée indéterminée, et sur le concubinage, union factuelle aléatoireThe thesis bring out interactions between a fact, the life community, and the law, the family rights. The community of life is a civil liberty, which rests on an essential element, the will. The ceongnition of family rights by the community of life has been reformed, because at the marriage and the cohabition, now recognised by the law, is addicted the civil pact of solidarity. The rights accorded at the moment of the choice of community life form are function of the commitment intensity : the spouses profit from the more complete status, on extra partimonial plan as well as patrimonial plan, which concubines don't possess, and the partners have patrimonial rights for the essential. The connection between both status is made, in reality, by the child, in application of the relationships equality principle. The community of life, source of rights, conditions also the reality of these rights. If she's complete sincere, it permits the consolidation of the title (marriage, civi pact of solidarity, relationship), the maintenance of the recognised rights, or acquisition of new rights (nationality, adoption, PMA). Its disappearance gives the whole measure of its importance. If the life community cease voluntarily or by death, spouses are the best protected : recognise to the more destitute or to a survivor, provided with legal reghits of succession, the maintenance of his life conditions. By a comparison, partners can pretend to a half of the common patrimony, the concubines must referee to the judge. As regards of relationship, the inheriance inferiority of the adulterant child is called to disappear. The study underlines the superiority of marriage, institution and act of prevision of a life commitment, on the civil pact of solidarity, contract of undetermined length, and on cohabitation, uncertain factual union
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Rembis-Graziani, Claudine. "D'un lien à l'autre : les sectes : un pacte "hors père"." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20026.
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Comment définir le lien qui attache le gourou à son groupe? La "secte" est-elle lieu de guérison ou de destruction? Doit-on parler de la "secte" ou d'une dangerosité groupale? Du point de vue des pouvoirs publics, des spécialistes et des hommes de terrain, les sectes sont condamnables quand elles portent atteinte aux droits de l'homme et aux libertés garanties par la constitution. Selon certains, le mécanisme sectaire doit être défini et démonté pour faire valoir un délit de manipulation mentale. De ce point de vue, la famille est opposée à la secte. Au plan du droit familial, certains magistrats choisissent de raisonner au cas par cas en considération des délits et des fautes éducatives ; le constat de cette polémique engage une interrogation anthropologique. Quel est l'homme dont on défend les droits? Dans cette perspective, le concept de sujet introduit la question du lien social et du lien sectaire. Une réflexion sur la famille, la religion et la science permet de dégager plusieurs positions existentielles par rapport à la liberté. La "secte" peut être dissidente, "religioniste" ou "spiritualiste". La dangerosité envers le sujet et la société est évaluée en considération de sa position, du lien groupal et des pratiques de croyances. Aucune communauté organisée par un dogme manichéen n'est à l'abri d'un fonctionnement totalitaire. Les sectes sectaires utopiques sont particulièrement destructrices au sens où elles tentent d'annuler l'incarnation. Résolus à façonner un homme parfait à leur convenance, ces mondes concurrents, ces bulles aseptisées réussissent à réduire l'adepte à un objet animé par une active passivité. Motivés par une hostilité ostensible envers les institutions démocratiques, leurs organisateurs sont coupables de crime contre l'humanité. Les pratiques idéologiques attaquent la vie sous les différentes figures de la filiation, de la famille, du sujet et de la cultureWhat's the nature of the tie between a guru and his group ? Is the " sect " a way to recovery or destruction ? Must we talk about " the sect " or about " groupe jeopardy " ?From the state authorities point of view as well as for the specialists and other field workers, sects are found guilty when they attempt against human rights and constitutionally granted liberties. Some people think that the sectarian machinery has to be clearly defined and examined so that a delict of mental mischief could be put forward. From this point of view, family stands in opposition to the sect. As far as family rights are concerned, some magistrats consider every case as particular, having regard to delictuous deeds on one hand and educative offences on the other. From this controverse emerges an anthropological question : whose rights are we defending ? In this perspcetive, the concept of subject forges ahead the question of the social tie and of the sectarian tie. Looking back on the notions of family, religion and sciences enables us to bring out several existential standpoints towards freedom. A " sect " may be dissident, " religionistic " or " spiritualistic ". Danger for anyone, subject and society, has to be evaluated with regard to its position, to the nature of the group tie and its rites ? No human community built on a manuchean digma is safe from totalitarian practices. Utopian sectarian sects are particurlarly destructive in the way they try to cancel incarnation. In their aim to mould a perfect human being into their own schemes, these challenging worlds, these sterilized bubbles succeed in reducing their followers into objects animated by an active passivity. Motionned by an ostensible hostility towards democratic institutions, their leaders are guilty of crime against humanity. Ideological pratices attack life with regard to filiation, family, subject and culture
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Santos, Viviane Fernanda dos [UNESP]. "A lei do desejo ou o desejo da lei? Pacto edípico e pacto social no sentimento de pertença familiar de adolescentes em conflito com a lei." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97665.
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santos_vf_me_assis.pdf: 663507 bytes, checksum: 86402c11b4a071a9b47705452a750f08 (MD5)Esta pesquisa nasce da experiência de alguns anos de acompanhamento psicossocial a adolescentes que cometeram atos infracionais, cumprindo medida sócio-educativa de internação em uma das unidades da FEBEM, hoje chamada de Fundação CASA. Partindo da perplexidade diante do mundo entre grades e muralhas que o trabalho cotidiano desvela, este estudo vai tomando direção com a lapidação de sentimentos e com a incessante busca de sentido para as relações que o ‘outro’ mundo revela. A organização peculiar do grupo de internos, regida por códigos e regras trazidas das leis do ‘crime organizado’, cuja história e relações com a dinâmica dos adolescentes são traçadas, inclusive em suas peculiaridades institucionais, demanda o questionamento da ‘lei’ que nos fundamenta a viver em sociedade. Diante do trânsito constante entre vítimas e agressores, pacto edípico e pacto social aparecem com toda a contradição evidenciada nas histórias familiares e na cultura institucional criada por esses meninos – homens – vítimas – bandidos. A despeito das considerações do vivido durante esses anos de trabalho, especialmente em 2003, o material de análise é produzido por meio de entrevistas a três adolescentes, cuja investigação fora pautada nas relações do adolescente com sua família, com a lei social e com a lei do crime, fundamentada pela teoria e método psicanalíticos, via leitura do sentimento de pertença familiar exposto por cada um deles. Tendo como objetivo geral analisar a relação entre crime e violência com o sentido de lei introjetado pelo adolescente no decorrer de sua história, da qual faz sua leitura expondo o inconsciente familiar que fundamenta seu sentimento de pertença...
This research is based on the experience of some years of psychosocial accompaniment to adolescents that committed acts of infraction, accomplishing socio-educational measure of internment in the units of internment of former FEBEM, today called CASA Foundation. Considering the perplexity of the world’s view behind bars and walls that the daily work demonstrates, this study will be molded by the feelings and with the incessant sense pursuit of different kinds of relationships that the other world reveals. The peculiar organization of the interns' group, governed by codes and rules brought of the organized crime, whose history and relationship with the adolescents' dynamics are traced, besides in their institutional peculiarities, the questioning of the law that bases the living in society. Facing the constant transit between victims and aggressors, edipic pact and social pact appears controversial and evidenced in their family histories and in the institutional culture created by those boys - men - victims - thieves. In spite of the experience of those years of work, especially in 2003, the material was analyzed and produced through interviews at three adolescents that they were deprived of freedom, whose investigation was ruled in the adolescent's relationships with their family, with the social law and with the law of the crime, based by the theory and method psychoanalytic, through comprehension of the feeling of belongs exposed for the adolescents. Tends as general objective to analyze the relationship among crime and violence with the sense of law introjected for the adolescent in elapsing their familiar history, which makes their interpretation by exposing their family unconscious that bases their feeling of belonging, we analyzed the effect of the execution or breaking... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Henneron, Sandrine. "La notion de famille en droit positif français." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL20011.
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La thèse a pour objet de construire le concept juridique de famille qui, bien qu'omniprésent en droit positif français, ne fait l'objet d'aucune définition dans les textes. La famille offre aujourd'hui un visage multiforme, rompant avec le modèle traditionnel fondé sur le monopole du mariage en tant qu'union sexuelle légalement reconnue. Sous l'impulsion de la libéralisation du divorce et de l'émergence de formes concurrentes de vie en couple, l'ancrage de la notion de famille ne réside plus dans le couple, qui devient un élément de diversité des formes de famille. Malgré cette pluralité des groupes familiaux, la notion de famille en droit positif conserve une unité, qui repose désormais sur l'introduction du principe d'égalité des filiations. Ce principe a en effet uniformisé le régime des rapports juridiques entre parents et enfants. .The purpose of the thesis is to develop framework for the concept of family, which, despite its omnipresence in French law, is not defined in any of the legal texts. Today the family takes a multiplicity of forms, departing from the traditional model, which is based on the narrow concept of marriage as a legally recognised sexual union. Due to the liberalisation of divorce laws and the emergence of alternative life styles, the concept of family is no longer based upon the traditional couple, which has become only one among several different family types. Despite this multiplicity of family types, the concept of family in French law retains a unique feature, which derives from the introduction of the principle of equality without regard to the legitimacy of parentage. This principle has in effect standardised legal relationships between parents and children. .
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Halpern, Serge-Laurent. "Le recul de l'Etat dans l'évolution de la notion de famille." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083200.
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Il n'y a pas à proprement parler de définition précise de la famille, principalement car il est difficile de la saisir dans sa réalité globale et multidimensionnelle. Il existe bien des textes dans le code civil qui contiennent des dispositions ponctuelles sur certains points du droit de la famille, mais il n'y a pas de textes centralisateurs. En fait, le problème est moins celui d'une absence de définition précise. Il serait plutôt celui de la maitrise d'une institution qui évolue. Il apparaît aujourd'hui en France que la notion de famille se caractérise par le couple, cellule familiale de base, et par l'enfant. Ces deux entités ont tendance à se diversifier, de fait la notion de famille apparaît comme plurielle. On ne doit plus considérer qu'il n’y a qu’un seul modèle de vie en couple imposé par l'Etat. Ce phénomène de pluralisation de la famille donne aussi lieu à un phénomène de passage d'une famille dont les règles sont imposées par l'Etat, à une famille dont les règles sont laissées aux volontés des particuliers. Les couples qui ne rentrent pas dans les conditions juridiques du mariage peuvent désormais s'ils le souhaitent, organiser leur rapport au travers d’un cadre juridique, en concluant des contrats. Une liberté contractuelle mesurée créerait la famille et semblerait la mieux à même pour pallier la diversité des modèles familiaux. Cette part laissée aux accords de volontés au sein de la famille doit nous amener à rechercher les fondements de cette progression du contrat, en mesurer les risques et les avantages, d'en tracer les progrès concevables et les limites éventuellesThere isn't as such a precise definition for the term family, mainly because of the difficulty in grasping its global and multidimensional reality. There are definitions in the French Civil Code that here and there deal with certain issues relating to family law but there are no centralized articles. The difficulty is not as such the absence of a precise definition but more the handling of an institution that is evolving. Today in France it appears that the term family is charaterized by the couple, which is the basic family cell, and by the child. These two entities tend to diversify by the fact that the notion of family appears as plural. One can no longer consider that there is only one model of life as couple, as defined by the state. This pluralisation of the family has created a change from a family with rules defined by the state to a family with rules left to the will of the individuals concerned. Those couples that do not qualify for the legal prerequisites of marriage can nowadays nonetheless, should they so choose, organise their relationship with legal grounding by entering into contractual agreements. Contractual freedom would, on a limited basis, create the family and seem best suited to deal with the diversity of family models. This part left to the freedom of choice for those involved must lead us to search for the fundamentals of this progression in contractual agreements, measure its risks and advantages, trace its foreseeable evolution and possible limits
Books on the topic "PACE family"
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Turner, Freda R. The Pace family, 1607-1750. Jasper, Tex: Distributed by Pace Society of America, 1993.
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Turner, Freda Reid. The Pace family, 1607-1750. Roswell, GA: WH Wolfe Associates, 1993.
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Brondos, Sharon. Change of pace. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2003.
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Pace, John Raphael. Pace: A family history and lineage. [Lexington, NC: J.R. Pace, 1991.
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Byrd, Helen Norris. Richard Pace I, 1587-1623, to Sarah Pace Etheredge, 1822-?(married Green Thomas Etheredge). Tampa, FL: H.N. Byrd, 1987.
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Pace, John Raphael. Pace: A family history and lineage : footnotes. [Lexington, NC: J.R. Pace, 1992.
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Pace, Billie Haynes Roberts. Ancestors of Richard Pace and Mary Knowles. [Beaumont, TX] (7740 Weaver, Beaumont 77706): B.H.R. Pace, 1997.
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Pace, R. Wayne. The Pees/Pace family from Rhineland/Pfalz, Germany. St. George, Utah: R. Wayne & Gae T. Pace Family Trust, 2006.
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Hubbard, Terry L. The Pace family of Martin's Creek: Lest we forget. [Mt. Carmel, Tenn.]: T.L. Hubbard, 1995.
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Pace, W. James. Dreadzil Evans Pace and Melita Leverett of Talladega County, Alabama: Some descendants. Lakeland, FL (1003 Janet Dr., Lakeland 33805): W.J. Pace, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "PACE family"
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McDowell, Teresa. "Pace, Place, and Just Practice." In Applying Critical Social Theories to Family Therapy Practice, 53–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15633-0_6.
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Madden, Amanda. "Requiescat in Pace: The Afterlife of the Borgia in Assassin’s Creed II and Assassin’s Creed: Brotherhood." In The Borgia Family, 276–95. Abingdon, Oxen; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265280-13.
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Matsuda, Y., A. Tsuji, H. Nagamume, T. Akamatsu, C. Hine, K. Muramatsu, K. Mori, Y. Tamai, and K. Yonemoto. "Novel Members of Mammalian Kexin Family Proteases, Pace 4C, Pace 4D, PC 7A and PC 7B." In Intracellular Protein Catabolism, 63–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0335-0_7.
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Skinner, Christine, and Mia Hakovirta. "Separated Families and Child Support Policies in Times of Social Change: A Comparative Analysis." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 267–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_12.
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AbstractChild support policies aim to ensure separated parents continue to pay for the upkeep of their children until they reach adulthood. This is a laudable aim, often related to alleviating poverty in single parent families following relationship breakdown. There is a long policy history of this in most Western countries, but the institutional and operational challenges are considerable as policies try to keep pace with changes in family relationships, household structures, and gendered patterns of employment and childcare. Tracking changes in parents’ earning and caring responsibilities therefore matter in determining child support liabilities. The question is, how well are child support systems doing in adapting to social changes and norms of gender equality? To answer that, this chapter presents an analysis of the latest data from a comparative study of 15 countries using national informants’ accounts of the key policy principles and operational features of their child support systems.
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Berger, Harry. "Against the Sink-a-Pace: Sexual and Family Politics in Much Ado About Nothing." In Much Ado about Nothing and the Taming of the Shrew, 13–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06820-0_2.
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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Controversies Surrounding Fertility Policies." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 63–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_5.
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AbstractDuring the pre-transition phase from 1950 to 1970, the rapid population growth caused by high and stable fertility throughout the less developed world generated considerable concern and some controversy. Existing demographic theory could offer little evidence-based advice on fertility policy. When US based experts and advocates started a global population control movement, controversy developed over its origin, priorities and feasibility. During the transition’s rapid decline phase, from 1970 to 2000, several new controversies developed even as the pace of fertility decline increased: how effective are voluntary family programs; how much pressure should states exert over individual family size decisions; who should control the international policy agenda; and how should demographers interpret new economic and demographic trends.
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Dawson, R. L. "School Refusal (Family Motivated)." In Teacher Information Pack 1: Behaviour, 289–300. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08997-0_30.
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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Country Fertility Transition Patterns." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 15–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_2.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the fertility transitions of individual countries. Countries are the entities that make policy decisions and implement family planning programs. Each country has a special set of economic, political, social and cultural conditions that influence fertility trends and related policies. We describe levels and trends in fertility in 97 developing countries between 1950 and 2020. Measures related to successive phases of the transitions are provided, including pre-transitional fertility, the timing of the onset, the pace of fertility decline, the timing of the transition’s end and post-transitional fertility. A special section discusses countries that have experienced a “stall” in their fertility transition. Transition patterns varied widely among developing countries over the past seven decades. Countries such as Singapore, Mauritius, Korea, Taiwan, and China experienced early, rapid, and complete transitions. In contrast, transitions in all but one country (South Africa) in sub-Saharan Africa have been late and slow, and fertility today remains well above replacement. Among the 97 countries examined, only 42 have reached the end of the transition, which is defined as having reached a TFR below 2.5 in 2020. The majority of countries are still in transition, and some have barely started a fertility decline.
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Staiger, Roger. "Single-family rental (single page)." In Foundations of Real Estate Financial Modelling, 163–222. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Revised edition of the author’s Foundations of real estate financial modelling, 2015.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315171524-6.
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Monks, Geoff. "Step Motherhood in the Nineteenth Century: Elinor Packe and Continuing Family Cohesiveness, 1900–1911." In Family Life in Britain, 1650–1910, 97–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04855-6_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "PACE family"
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Kintner, Hallie J. "Representation and Analysis Challenges in Design for Part-Reuse: An Automotive Case Study." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35483.
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Product Platform and Product Family Design is reshaping the way that many companies develop products. But how well are the CAD and PLM technologies keeping pace with this advancement? This paper presents data from a three month ethnographic study of an expert automotive body engineer. His assignment is to modify the design of an existing body structural member for use in the next-generation vehicle. The modification was necessitated by manufacturability issues. Observations and subsequent interviews revealed that manipulation time, model reuse and representation of part interfaces (such as welds) presented challenges to the body engineer and collaborating analysis engineers. Despite re-use of a physical part, the engineer had to create a new CAD model. The redesign involved breaking the original part into two pieces. The engineer sketched initial design concepts on paper because manipulation time in the CAD system was so lengthy. After determining the design concept, the engineer created a new CAD model, including new weld locations, and passed it along to analysis engineers for stiffness and crashworthiness FEA testing. Hand-offs between design and analysis engineers were challenged by the PLM system. The paper ends by making recommendations for improving CAD and PLM tools.
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Woodruff, Matthew J., Timothy W. Simpson, and Patrick M. Reed. "Diagnostic Analysis of Metamodels’ Multivariate Dependencies and Their Impacts in Many-Objective Design Optimization." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13125.
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While computers are continually getting faster, physical models of complex systems grow more sophisticated and keep pace. Using metamodels can dramatically reduce the time it takes to evaluate a solution for a complex system; however, while the chief virtue of metamodels is that they approximate more computationally expensive models, this is also their main drawback. Metamodels are approximations, and as such they behave differently than the more sophisticated models they approximate. While the metamodels may be accurate approximations, they may also introduce new interdependencies in the response outputs that may hinder search algorithms during optimization. Understanding the impact of the approximation on the subsequent search thus becomes an important part of the problem as models that were computationally expensive ten to fifteen years ago may now run fast enough for use in optimization. In this paper, we use Sobol′ global sensitivity analysis to compare the search performance of a new auto-adaptive many objective evolutionary algorithm solving a challenging product family design problem with both the original analysis and a second-order response surface approximation of the original analysis. Interdependencies in the response outputs are found to result from the problem formulation used rather than the underlying model in this case. Search operator selection by the auto-adaptive evolutionary algorithm is shown to be consistent with the model sensitivities found by global sensitivity analysis.
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Trinkl, Christoph, Wilfried Zo¨rner, and Vic Hanby. "A Domestic Solar/Heat Pump Heating System Incorporating Latent and Stratified Thermal Storage." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54285.
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Both solar and heat pump heating systems are innovative technologies for sustaining ecological heat generation. They are gaining more and more importance due to the accelerating pace of climate change and the rising cost of limited fossil resources. Against this background, a heating system combining solar thermal collectors, heat pump, stratified thermal storage and water/ice latent heat storage has been investigated. The major advantages of the proposed solar/heat pump heating system are considered to be its flexible application (suitable for new and existing buildings because of acceptable space demand) as well as the improvement of solar fraction (extended solar collector utilisation time, enhanced collector efficiency), i.e. the reduction of electric energy demand for the heat pump. In order to investigate and optimise the heating system, a dynamic system simulation model was developed. On this basis, a fundamental control strategy was derived for the overall coordination of the heating system with particular regard to the performance of the two storage tanks. In a simulation study, a fundamental investigation of the heating system configuration was carried out and optimisation derived for the system control as well as the selection of components and their dimensioning. The influence of different parameters on the system performance was identified, where the collector area and the latent heat storage volume were found to be the predominant parameters for system dimensioning. For a modern one-family house, a solar collector area of 30m2 and a latent heat store volume of 12.5m3 are proposed. In this configuration, the heating system reaches a seasonal performance factor of 4.6, meaning that 78% of the building’s and users’ heat demand are delivered by solar energy. The results show that the solar/heat pump heating system can give an acceptable performance using up-to-date components in a state-of-the-art building.
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Bereznicki, Michal, Pawel Jablonski, and Mariusz Naizebauer. "Using Measured Hysteresis Loop Family in Calculating the Eddy Current Losses." In 2018 Progress in Applied Electrical Engineering (PAEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paee.2018.8441154.
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Tengborn, L., M. Johannessen, and U. Hedner. "FAMILY WITH HYPOPLASMINOGENEMIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643123.
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The propositus, a 2 1/2 year old boy, was found to have splenomegalia at a routine control, but was otherwise in good health. He had in his neonatal period had osteomyelitis in his left leg, compl. with sepsis and shock. His mother had had DVT in her left leg extending to the iliac vein in the puerp. Investigation of the boy and his mother showed a decrease of plasma plasminogen to about 50% of the normal both when assayed immunochem. and amidolyt. using the chrom. subst. S-2251 after activ. with SK. The same was found when using UK as the plasminogen activ. Investigation of 23 other members of the family showed another 11 members with the same defect but none of them had had DVT. The defect was inherited in an autosomally dominant way. Plasminogen was purified from plasma withdrawn from the mother of the propositus on a lysine Sepharose column. A normal aff. to lysine was noticed but the yield was low (43 mg/l plasma). The purified plasminogen showed the same spec, activ. as normal plasminogen purified in the same way (8.4 CTA u/mg and 8.7 CTA u/mg resp.). SDS-PAGE and crossed immunoelectrophoresis in tandem with the patient’s plasminogen and normal purified plasminogen revealed no difference between the two plasminogens. Furthermore, the same kinetic constants for the activ. by UK were found for both plasminogens. It is concluded that the plasminogen found in this family with a low incidence of DVT seemed to be normal. The reduced plasma concentration may be the result of a decreased synthesis of a normal protein.
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Rodrigues, C., A. R. Silva, and L. H. Oliveira. "A new family of power supplies for the LNLS orbit correctors." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440140.
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Munters, Li Alemo, and Suzanna Jansson. "AB1428-PARE FAMILY PLANNING IN CHRONIC RHEUMATIS DISEASES." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5255.
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Schlageter, Eric C., and James R. Teeters. "Performance Prediction Hoftware for IACC Yachts." In SNAME 11th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1993-005.
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The performance prediction software development effort undertaken by the Partnership for America's Cup Technology (PACT) is reviewed. First, PACT's origin, members, and mandate is covered, interspersed with a historical perspective of prediction software. Next, the new IACC rule with constraints is given. The hydrodynamic model format used in the software is described. Based on PACT tank test data, improved formulations for viscous drag, utilizing dynamic wetted area and length for canoe body drag and a 'stripping' method for appendage drag are presented. Corrections for Froude number and heel effects on induced drag are summarized. A new upwind sail model and added resistance model are discussed. The use of a race modeling program is illustrated with results from three separate design studies: a geosim family, a length scaling family, and an appendage study. Typical upright resistance, drag polar plots, lift plots, sea spectra, and added resistance data are presented. The final section describes current developments including speed enhancements, improved portability, and use of a multi-variable, non-linear optimization scheme to search the design space.
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Juarez, J. J., A. S. Sanchez, R. Diaz, J. Newton, M. R. G. Guevara-Villa, and L. Altamirano. "Methodology to Predict Unknown Protein Structure. GPN Protein Family a Case of Study." In 2021 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/ Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gmepe/pahce50215.2021.9434836.
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Forman, Joel C., Saeid Bashash, Jeffrey Stein, and Hosam Fathy. "Reduction of an Electrochemistry-Based Li-Ion Battery Health Degradation Model via Constraint Linearization and Pade´ Approximation." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4084.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines an electrochemistry-based model of health degradation via anode-side resistive film formation in Lithium-ion batteries. The paper makes this model more tractable and conducive to control design by making two main contributions to the literature. First, we adaptively solve the model’s algebraic constraints using quasi-linearization. This improves the model’s execution speed compared to solving the constraints via optimization. Second, we reduce the model’s order by deriving a family of analytic Pade´ approximations to the model’s spherical diffusion equations. The paper carefully compares these Pade´ approximations to other published methods for reducing spherical diffusion equations. Finally, the paper concludes with simulations of battery degradation that highlight the significant impact of the proposed model reduction approach on the battery model’s overall accuracy and simulation speed.
Reports on the topic "PACE family"
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Visaria, Leela, and Pravin Visaria. Prospective population growth and policy options for India, 1991–2101. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1023.
Full textAbstract:
India, the second most populous country in the world, experienced an accelerated decline in fertility during the 1980s. As a result, India’s total fertility rate (TFR) in 1993, 3.5 births per woman, is below the level presumed in the population projections of the United Nations and the World Bank. This favorable development has occurred as India is attempting to reorient its family planning program to focus on the reproductive health of women and the health and welfare of children. The method-specific targets for contraceptive acceptors assigned to every grassroots health worker were abandoned in April 1996. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to analyze the components of future population growth in India based on a series of hypothetical projections using alternative assumptions about the future decline in fertility. Only one assumption is made about the pace of mortality decline. The likely consequences of the prospective population growth and the policy options for accelerating fertility decline are also discussed.
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Foreit, James R. Postabortion family planning benefits clients and providers. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1006.
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A woman’s fertility can return quickly following an abortion or miscarriage, yet recent data show high levels of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women who have been treated for incomplete abortion. This leaves many women at risk of another unintended pregnancy and in some cases subsequent repeated abortions and abortion-related complications. It is thus vital for programs to provide a comprehensive package of postabortion care (PAC) services that includes medical treatment, FP counseling and services, and other reproductive health services such as evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, HIV counseling and/or testing, and community support and mobilization. Providing FP services within PAC benefits clients and programs. Facilities that can effectively treat women with incomplete abortions can also provide contraceptive services, including counseling and appropriate methods. As stated in this brief, any provider who can treat incomplete abortion can also provide selected FP methods. Clients, providers, and programs benefit when FP methods are provided to postabortion clients at the time of treatment.
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Weinschenk, Craig. Analysis of Search and Rescue Tactics in Single-Story Single-Family Homes Part I: Bedroom Fires. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/dptn2682.
Full textAbstract:
Prior full-scale fire service research on the residential fireground has focused the impact of ventilation and suppression tactics on fire dynamics. This study builds upon prior research by conducting 11 experiments a purpose-built single-story, single-family residential structure to quantify the im- pact of how search and rescue tactics are coupled with ventilation and suppression actions and timing. Each fully furnished structure included four bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and an open-floor kitchen and living room. The structures were instrumented to quantify post-ignition toxic gas and thermal conditions. Temperature, velocity, and pressure were measured to evaluate the fire dynamics. Gas concentrations and heat fluxes were measured to quantify toxic and thermal exposures. Across this series of experiments, the impact of isolation of fire and non-fire compartments, the timing of search actions relative to suppression actions, and the influence of isolation, elevation, and path of travel during rescue were examined with respect to firefighter safety and occupant tenability. Similar to previous experiments in both purpose-built and acquired structure, the data showed that prior intervention locations lower in elevation and/or behind closed doors had lower toxic gas and thermal exposures compared to locations at higher elevations or locations that were not isolated. Lower elevations were also shown to have lower toxic gas and thermal exposures during the removal of occupants as part of rescue operations. For scenarios where search operations occurred prior to suppression, isolation of spaces from flow paths connected to the fire compartment was shown to be effective at reducing the thermal operating class for firefighters and the toxic and thermal exposure rates compared to spaces that were not isolated. Following isolation, exterior ventilation was found to further reduce the toxic gas and thermal exposures in the protected space. Suppression, from either interior and exterior positions, was effective at reducing the thermal operating class for searching firefighters and the rate of thermal exposure increase to occupants. Following suppression, additional exterior ventilation increased the rate at which gas concentrations returned to pre-ignition levels.
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Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
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Weinschenk, Craig, and Jack Regan. Analysis of Search and Rescue Tactics in Single-Story Single-Family Homes Part II: Kitchen and Living Room Fires. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/zkxw6893.
Full textAbstract:
Prior full-scale fire service research on the residential fireground has focused the impact of ventilation and suppression tactics on fire dynamics. This study builds upon prior research by conducting 10 experiments a purpose-built single-story, single-family residential structure to quantify the im- pact of how search and rescue tactics are coupled with ventilation and suppression actions and timing. Each fully furnished structure included four bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and an open-floor kitchen and living room. The structures were instrumented to quantify post-ignition toxic gas and thermal conditions. Temperature, velocity, and pressure were measured to evaluate the fire dynamics. Gas concentrations and heat fluxes were measured to quantify toxic and thermal exposures. Across this series of experiments, the impact of isolation of fire and non-fire compartments, the timing of search actions relative to suppression actions, and the influence of isolation, elevation, and path of travel during rescue were examined with respect to firefighter safety and occupant tenability. Similar to previous experiments in both purpose-built and acquired structure, the data showed that prior intervention locations lower in elevation and/or behind closed doors had lower toxic gas and thermal exposures compared to locations at higher elevations or locations that were not isolated. Lower elevations were also shown to have lower toxic gas and thermal exposures during the removal of occupants as part of rescue operations. For scenarios where search operations occurred prior to suppression, isolation of spaces from flow paths connected to the fire compartment was shown to be effective at reducing the thermal operating class for firefighters and the toxic and thermal exposure rates compared to spaces that were not isolated. Following isolation, exterior ventilation was found to further reduce the toxic gas and thermal exposures in the protected space. Suppression, from either interior and exterior positions, was effective at reducing the thermal operating class for searching firefighters and the rate of thermal exposure increase to occupants. Following suppression, additional exterior ventilation increased the rate at which gas concentrations returned to pre-ignition levels.
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Bacharach, Eran, and Sagar Goyal. Generation of Avian Pneumovirus Modified Clones for the Development of Attenuated Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696541.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract (one page maximum, single spaced), include: List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project: The main goal described in our original proposal has been the development of a molecular infectious clone of the avian metapneumovirus subtype B (aMPV-B) and the modification of this clone to create mutated viruses for the development of attenuated vaccines. The Achievements and Appendix/Part I sections of this report describes the accomplishments in creating such a molecular clone. These sections also contain the results of a longitudinal study that we made in Israel, demonstrating the infiltration of field strains of aMPV into vaccinated flocks and emphasizing the need for the development of better vaccines. We also describe our unexpected findings regarding the ability of aMPV to establish persistent infection in cell cultures. Although this direction of research was not described in the original proposal we feel that it is highly important for the understanding of aMPV pathogenesis. For example, this direction has provided us with evidence showing that aMPV replication can augment influenza replication. Moreover, we observed that viruses that were produced from chronically-infected cells show reduced ciliostasis. Accordingly, we carried vaccination trials using such viruses. In the original grant proposal we also offered that the American lab will clone and express immunomodulators in the context of an aMPV -based replicon that the Israeli lab has generated. However, as we reported in our annual reports, further analysis of this replicon by the Israeli lab has revealed that the level of expression achieved by this vehicle is relatively poor; thus, the American lab has focused on sequencing the genomes of different aMPV-C isolates that differ in their virulence (including vaccine strains). Achievements and Appendix/Part II sections of this report include the summary of this effort. Background to the topic: The aMPVs belong to the paramyxoviridae family and cause mild to severe respiratory tract diseases mainly in turkeys and also in chickens. Four aMPV subgroups, A, B, C and D, have been characterized; in Israel aMPV-A and B are the common subtypes while in the USA type C is the prevalent one. Although vaccine strains do exist for aMPVs, they do not always provide full protection against virulent strains and the vaccines themselves may induce disease to some extent. Improved vaccines against aMPV are needed, to achieve better protection of the poultry industry against this pathogen. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We isolated aMPV-B from a diseased flock and accomplished the sequencing and cloning of its full-genome. In addition, we cloned the four genes encoding the viral replicase. These should serve as the platform for generation of modified aMPV-Bs from molecular clones. We also identified aMPVs that are attenuated in respect to their ciliostatic activity and accordingly showed the potential of such viruses as vaccine strains. For aMPV-C, the different mutations scattered along the genome of different isolates with varied virulence have been determined. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The newly identified pattern of mutations in attenuated strains will allow better understanding of the pathogenicity of aMPV and the generation of aMPV molecular clones, together with isolation of strains with attenuated ciliostatic activity should generate improved vaccine strains Abstract (one page maximum, single spaced), include: List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project: The main goal described in our original proposal has been the development of a molecular infectious clone of the avian metapneumovirus subtype B (aMPV-B) and the modification of this clone to create mutated viruses for the development of attenuated vaccines. The Achievements and Appendix/Part I sections of this report describes the accomplishments in creating such a molecular clone. These sections also contain the results of a longitudinal study that we made in Israel, demonstrating the infiltration of field strains of aMPV into vaccinated flocks and emphasizing the need for the development of better vaccines. We also describe our unexpected findings regarding the ability of aMPV to establish persistent infection in cell cultures. Although this direction of research was not described in the original proposal we feel that it is highly important for the understanding of aMPV pathogenesis. For example, this direction has provided us with evidence showing that aMPV replication can augment influenza replication. Moreover, we observed that viruses that were produced from chronically-infected cells show reduced ciliostasis. Accordingly, we carried vaccination trials using such viruses. In the original grant proposal we also offered that the American lab will clone and express immunomodulators in the context of an aMPV -based replicon that the Israeli lab has generated. However, as we reported in our annual reports, further analysis of this replicon by the Israeli lab has revealed that the level of expression achieved by this vehicle is relatively poor; thus, the American lab has focused on sequencing the genomes of different aMPV-C isolates that differ in their virulence (including vaccine strains). Achievements and Appendix/Part II sections of this report include the summary of this effort. Background to the topic: The aMPVs belong to the paramyxoviridae family and cause mild to severe respiratory tract diseases mainly in turkeys and also in chickens. Four aMPV subgroups, A, B, C and D, have been characterized; in Israel aMPV-A and B are the common subtypes while in the USA type C is the prevalent one. Although vaccine strains do exist for aMPVs, they do not always provide full protection against virulent strains and the vaccines themselves may induce disease to some extent. Improved vaccines against aMPV are needed, to achieve better protection of the poultry industry against this pathogen. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We isolated aMPV-B from a diseased flock and accomplished the sequencing and cloning of its full-genome. In addition, we cloned the four genes encoding the viral replicase. These should serve as the platform for generation of modified aMPV-Bs from molecular clones. We also identified aMPVs that are attenuated in respect to their ciliostatic activity and accordingly showed the potential of such viruses as vaccine strains. For aMPV-C, the different mutations scattered along the genome of different isolates with varied virulence have been determined. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The newly identified pattern of mutations in attenuated strains will allow better understanding of the pathogenicity of aMPV and the generation of aMPV molecular clones, together with isolation of strains with attenuated ciliostatic activity should generate improved vaccine strains.
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The 1992 Indonesia Norplant® Use-Dynamics Diagnostic Study. Population Council, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1993.1001.
Full textAbstract:
Although the Indonesian Norplant® program is unique in terms of scale and pace of expansion, it also characterizes many of the operational problems that other developing countries are likely to confront as they expand their Norplant programs. Many of the concerns—such as screening and counseling, use-effectiveness, removal on demand, and tracking and notification systems for five-year removal—can only be answered through research on the Indonesian program. As this report states, operations research on issues related to Norplant within the Indonesian program will be of direct relevance to the growing number of Norplant programs in other developing countries. While the Indonesian program represents the largest and most ambitious Norplant program in the world, much remains unknown about many aspects of service delivery and use-dynamics. This survey provides essential information that the BKKBN and other Indonesian and international family planning organizations can use to improve the quality of Norplant services and to increase the effective use of this method.
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Slow fertility transition in Egypt: Reaching policy-makers and program managers with the findings. Population Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2006.1000.
Full textAbstract:
Following a period of relatively rapid decline in the 1980s and early 1990s, the Egyptian fertility decline slowed down during the later part of the 1990s. The main objective of the Slow Fertility Transition (SFT) project was to better understand the current slow pace of fertility decline in Egypt and to identify policies that can facilitate decline to replacement level. This project investigated attitudes toward childbearing and, in particular, receptivity to the two-child family. The SFT project re-interviewed a subsample of 3,286 currently married women who had been interviewed in the 2003 EIDHS. Two further samples were also interviewed in 2004: a sample of unmarried women and men aged 18–29 (917 women and 945 men) selected from the EIDHS household sample. With the successful completion of the data collection and data processing phase, according to this report the priorities of the second phase were to complete scientifically sound and policy-relevant analysis of the SFT data, to ensure that the findings are effectively disseminated to key audiences in Egypt, and to identify policies and programs that would help the Egyptian government achieve replacement-level fertility by 2017.
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Kenya: Offer family planning on hospital wards. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1007.
Full textAbstract:
In Kenya, more than one in three women hospitalized for gynecological problems has complications from miscarriage or unsafe abortion. These women generally receive no information or services for family planning (FP) or other reproductive health needs. During 1996–97, the Kenya Ministry of Health, the Population Council, and Ipas tested three models for providing postabortion care (PAC) and FP information and services in two areas of the hospital. Researchers compared model effectiveness by using surveys before and after the intervention. As concluded in this brief, the most effective way to ensure that women being treated for incomplete abortion obtain FP is to offer services in hospital gynecological wards. Having ward staff provide contraceptives on the ward is more convenient than having regular FP providers visit the ward or having patients go to a separate clinic. Findings have been key in informing expansion plans for PAC in Kenya.
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Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family planning services in Kenya: What works best? Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1018.
Full textAbstract:
Unsafe abortion constitutes a major public health problem throughout the world, leading to high levels of maternal morbidity and mortality. Abortion accounts for roughly one-third of maternal mortality in the world. Millions of other women experience short- and long-term morbidity, such as infertility and pain. The concept of postabortion care (PAC) has gained wide acceptance as a means to improve services provided to women with complications from spontaneous or unsafely induced abortions. One way to improve emergency treatment is through introducing manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), which has been shown to be safer and less costly than dilation and curettage (D&C). Providing the second element, postabortion family planning, will enable women to avoid unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. A study to test different ways of providing improved PAC services has been conducted by the Population Council’s Africa Operations Research and Technical Assistance Project II in collaboration with the Kenyan Ministry of Health and Ipas. As stated in this report, the study focused primarily on the first two components of PAC: improving emergency treatment through introducing or upgrading MVA services and comparing three models of postabortion family planning provision.