Journal articles: 'P2D'

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Moeini, Hassan, Suliman Qadir Afridi, Sainitin Donakonda, Percy A. Knolle, Ulrike Protzer, and Dieter Hoffmann. "Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Human Norovirus GII.4 Capsid Protein Elicit Blockade Antibodies." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010052.

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide with the GII.4 genotype accounting for over 80% of infections. The major capsid protein of GII.4 variants is evolving rapidly, resulting in new epidemic variants with altered antigenic potentials that must be considered for the development of an effective vaccine. In this study, we identify and characterize linear blockade B-cell epitopes in HuNoV GII.4. Five unique linear B-cell epitopes, namely P2A, P2B, P2C, P2D, and P2E, were predicted on the surface-exposed regions of the capsid protein. Evolving of the surface-exposed epitopes over time was found to correlate with the emergence of new GII.4 outbreak variants. Molecular dynamic simulation (MD) analysis and molecular docking revealed that amino acid substitutions in the putative epitopes P2B, P2C, and P2D could be associated with immune escape and the appearance of new GII.4 variants by affecting solvent accessibility and flexibility of the antigenic sites and histo-blood group antigens (HBAG) binding. Testing the synthetic peptides in wild-type mice, epitopes P2B (336–355), P2C (367–384), and P2D (390–400) were recognized as GII.4-specific linear blockade epitopes with the blocking rate of 68, 55 and 28%, respectively. Blocking rate was found to increase to 80% using the pooled serum of epitopes P2B and P2C. These data provide a strategy for expanding the broad blockade potential of vaccines for prevention of NoV infection.

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Küçük, Çiğdem. "Selection of Rhizobium spp. Isolates for Inoculation of Field Pea (Pisum sativum)." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 04 (April 1, 2021): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1737.

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Rhizobium isolates from wild pea nodules were characterized on the basis of microbiological characteristics. P4, P7, P12, P14, P16, P19, P20, P22, P23 and P24 isolates grew at the 4.5 pH, P5, P6, P11, P12, P13, P14, P16, P17, P19, P20 and P21 isolates grew at 4% NaCl and P7, P8, P10, P11, P12, P14, P19, P20, P22, P23, P24 and P25 isolates grew at 40°C. Resistance to antibiotics (μg mL-1) was investigated in a large propotion of isolates; streptomycin sulphate (80), rifampisin (40), erythromycin (30), chloramphenicol (100), Penicillin (40). In this study, local Rhizobium bacterial isolates were isolated from wild pea root nodules and their efficacy was investigated. Isolates significantly increased plant dry matter weight. The highest nitrogen fixation was achieved with P4 inoculation. Glutamine synthetase and leghemoglobin content of the nodules were determined in the inoculated with the highest P4 isolate. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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TSONG, TIEN T., and CHONG-LIN CHEN. "DIRECT OBSERVATION OF A STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION OF 3-ATOM Ir CLUSTERS ON Ir SURFACES." Modern Physics Letters B 04, no. 19 (October 20, 1990): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984990001501.

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A 3-atom Ir cluster on the Ir (111) or (001) surface can assume either a 1-D chain-like or a 2-D island-like structure. On the (111), the ln(p1D/p2D) vs 1/T plot is linear where p1D and p2D represent respectively the probability of observing the cluster in the 1-D or in the 2-D structure. The 2-D structure is more stable with a lower cluster binding energy of ΔE12=−0.098±0.004 eV. On the (001), the 1-D structure is more stable with ΔE12=+0.335±0.015 eV. In addition, the plot deviates significantly from the simple linearity at low temperatures, indicating the entropy factor is temperature dependent.

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Cui, Lili, Nan He, Xiaofeng Zhang, Shiming Li, Yan Zhang, and Wenyi Kang. "Dynamic Change of Secondary Metabolites and spectrum-effect relationship of Malus halliana Koehne flowers during blooming." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0043.

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AbstractMalus halliana Koehne flowers have been used as a Chinese traditional medicine to treat metrorrhagia. In this study, the dynamic changes in its secondary metabolites and spectrum-effect relationship of inhibition on α-glucosidase during blooming were investigated. The changes in the contents of three flavonoids (phloretin-4’-O-glycosidase, afzeloside, and 3-hydroxyphloridzin) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and changes in inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase were evaluated in vitro. Then, spectrum-effect relationship was evaluated by partial least square method. The results indicated that the contents of three flavonoids and inhibition of α-glucosidase activity in vitro showed a fluctuating downward trend, thereinto, the maximum contents of phloretin-4’-O-glycosidase, afzeloside, and 3-hydroxyphloridzin reached 157.43±0.36, 17.27±0.06 and 22.67±0.35 (mg/g), respectively. In spectrum-effect relationship assay, matched 40 mutual peaks, thereinto, P2, P5, P6-P12, P14 (3-hydroxyphloridzin), P16-P19, P20 (phloretin-4’-O-glycosidase), P24, P26, P29, P31, P33, P34, P36, P39 and P40 were positively correlated to inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro. P1, P3, P4, P13, P15, P21-P23, P27, P28, P30 (afzeloside), P32, P35, P37 and P38 were negatively related to inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro.

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Listanto, Buyung Putra Adi, Sri Rahayu, and Nurul Sjamsijah. "Uji Ketahanan Tujuh Genotipe Kedelai (Glicine max (L.) Merril) Terhadap Serangan Karat Daun (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Metode IWGSR." Agriprima, Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v1i1.23.

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Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi kedelai adalah serangan penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru yang tahan terhadap serangan penyakit karat daun dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman dan penujian tingkat ketahanannya menggunakan uji ketahanan metode IWGSR (International Working of Soybean Rush). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Banjarsengon, Patrang, Jember. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non Faktorial dengan 13 genotipe yang terdiri dari 4 tetua, meliputi: (1) Rajabasa, (2) Dering, (3) Polije-2 dan (4) Polije-3, 7 hasil persilangan RD, P2R, P2D, P2P3, P3R, P3D, P3P2 serta 2 varietas pembanding (1) Malabar, (2) Ringgit. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari penghitungan nilai IWGSR, umur berbunga, jumlah polong, berat biji pertanaman, dan berat 100 biji. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan uji F (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe P2D, P2P3, P3D, P3R dan P3P2 memiliki daya tahan terhadap serangan karat daun dengan notasi R (Resistance) dan memiliki masa berbunga cepat yaitu: 31,6 hari, 31, 8 hari, 32,2 hari, 31, 9 hari dan 32,4 hari. Hasil pertanaman ketiga genotipe tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotipe hasil persilangan yang lain dan empat tetua yaitu Rajabasa, Dering, Polije-2 dan Polije 3 dengan nilai P2D (16,6 gr), P2P3 (16,5 gr) serta P3D (16,9 gr). Berdasarkan penghitungan hasil per hektar genotipe P2D, P2P3, P3D, P3R dan P3P2 memiliki nilai tinggi yakni 2,76, 2,78, 2,67, 2,62 dan 2,70 ton.

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Royan, S., C. Parulekar, and S. Mavinkurve. "Exopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas mendocina P2d." Letters in Applied Microbiology 29, no. 5 (November 1999): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.1999.00638.x.

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Utama, Rona, and Nurul Sjamsijah. "Uji Tujuh Genotipe Kedelai Generasi F7 Terhadap Ketahanan Serangan Karat Daun (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Dengan Metode IWGSR." Agriprima, Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v3i1.100.

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Serangan karat daun yang disebabkan jamur Phakopsora pachyrhizi merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi kedelai hingga 30 – 60%. Permasalahan ini menuntut pemuliaan untuk merakit varietas unggul baru yang tahan terhadap serangan karat daun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan riset Politeknik Negeri Jember dari bulan Juni – Agustus 2017 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan menggunakan 14 genotipe yang terseleksi dari generasi F2 sampai F6. Keempatbelas genotipe tersebut yaitu 7 genotipe hasil persilangan; P3P2, P2P3, RD, P2D, P3R, P2R, P3D, 4 genotipe tetua; Dering, Rajabasa, Polije-2 dan Polije-3, dan 3 varietas pembanding yaitu Wilis, Malabar dan Ringgit. Parameter yang diuji nilai IWGSR (Internasional Working Group Of Soybean Rust), dan 3 komponen hasil (umur panen, berat 100 biji dan hasil pertanaman). Hasil test menunjukan genotipe P3P2, P2P3, P2R, P3R, P2D, RD, dan P3D memiliki kekebalan serangan karat daun dengan notasi R (Resistance), genotipe P2P3 memiliki umur panen yang genjah yaitu 68,53 HST, dan berat 100 biji pada genotipe RD memiliki hasil yang paling besar yaitu (14,542 g) dan genotipe P3D memiliki hasil (21,24 g) biji pertanaman.

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Hassanaly, Malik, Peter J. Weddle, Kandler Smith, Subhayan De, Alireza Doostan, and Ryan King. "Physics-Informed Neural Network Modeling of Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023174mtgabs.

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Li-ion batteries (LIB) are a promising solution to enable the storage of intermittent energy sources due to their high energy density. However, LIBs are known to significantly degrade after about 1000 charge-discharge cycles. LIBs degrade following different degradation modes and at a rate that depends on the operating conditions (e.g., external temperature, load). To plan the installation of batteries, appropriate understanding and prediction capabilities of their lifecycle is needed. In particular, the LIB degradation model needs to be transferable to variable operating conditions throughout the LIB lifetime. To this end, degradation models of individual LIB battery properties are sought to allow for sufficient granularity in the degradation model. High-fidelity numerical models of LIBs such as the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model have been shown to accurately represent the charge-discharge-cycle of an LIB if the physical parameters used in the model are accurately estimated. Given observations of battery charge-discharged cycles, the objective is to use the P2D model to infer the values of all the battery properties, throughout the battery life. To prevent overfitting and account for the sparse data availability, the overarching objective is to enable Bayesian calibration to solve the inverse problem. Given the number of physical parameters, and the number of cycles to simulate, adjusting parameters directly via P2D forward runs is computationally intractable. This work describes the development of a surrogate model that would replace numerical integration of the P2D equations to significantly reduce the cost of the forward runs. To capture parameter dependencies, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is developed as a surrogate substitute for the P2D model. The inverse modeling approach is illustrated in the Figure (top). The PINN is advantageous as it needs little to no observational data, which avoids offsetting the reduced inference computational cost with an increased training data generation burden. However, PINNs are notoriously difficult to train in stiff dynamical systems such as the P2D equations. Here, we discuss the specific training procedure that is adopted to efficiently cover parameter space, handle model stiffness, enforce initial, boundary conditions, and treat variables of different magnitudes. Furthermore, a verification procedure akin to ones used in computational fluid dynamics is implemented to ensure that the right governing equations are implemented. An emphasis is placed on verifying the governing equation even in presence of numerical errors. The training procedure and loss convergence are described to highlight training instabilities encountered. In addition, the training cost is evaluated and put in perspective of the forward integration of the P2D equations. Through ablation studies, we discuss what model components are the most critical to appropriately capture P2D solutions. The trained PINN is validated against numerical solutions of the P2D model (sample results are shown in Figure, bottom). In particular, it is assessed whether the PINN can replicate numerical solutions for parameter values not represented in the training data which is key in ensuring that the surrogate can be used for parameter calibration. Figure 1

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Sjamsijah, Nurul, Novi Varisa, and FNU Suwardi. "Uji Daya Hasil Beberapa Genotipe Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Produksi Tinggi dan Umur Genjah Generasi F6." Agriprima, Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v2i2.79.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui genotipe kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) yang memiliki produksi tinggi dan umur genjah pada generasi F6. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan September 2016 hingga Januari 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan 13 genotipe sebagai perlakuan yaitu 7 genotipe terseleksi hasil persilangan generasi F5 yang terdiri dari RD, P2R, P2D, P3R, P3D, P2P3, P3P2 dan 4 tetua Polije 2 (P2), Polije 3 (P3), Dering (D), Rajabasa (R), serta varietas pembanding Wilis, Malabar dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial. Parameter terdiri dari umur berbunga, umur panen, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah polong isi, berat 100 butir, hasil per tanaman, hasil per plot dan hasil per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuh genotipe terseleksi berpengaruh sangat nyata (**) pada parameter umur berbunga genotipe P2P3 dan P3P2 (37 HST), tinggi tanaman saat panen genotipe P3D (75,75 cm) dan jumlah polong isi genotipe P2D (69,75 buah). Sedangkan parameter umur panen, jumlah cabang produktif, hasil per tanaman, hasil per plot dan hasil per hektar memiliki perbedaan yang tidak nyata (ns).

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Anai, Tomoya, Shogo Abe, Kousei Shobu, and Jun-ichi Kadokawa. "Synthesis of Hydrophobic Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Derivatives by Enzymatic Grafting of Partially 2-Deoxygenated Amyloses." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010489.

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We have previously found that a partially 2-deoxygenated (P2D)-amylose, produced by glucan phosphorylase (GP)-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization, shows hydrophobic nature. Based on this finding, the present study demonstrates hydrophobization of a strong hydrophilic polypeptide, i.e., poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), by grafting of the P2D-amylose chains via GP-catalyzed enzymatic approach. After maltooligosaccharide primers for the enzymatic reaction were modified on the PGA chain, we performed GP-catalyzed copolymerization of d-glucan with α-d-glucose 1-phosphate as comonomers in different feed ratios from the primers to produce P2D-amylose-grafted PGAs. We analyzed the structures (chemical and crystalline) of the products, precipitated from reaction mixtures, by 1H NMR and powder X-ray diffraction measurements, respectively. The values of the water contact angle of the cast films, prepared from DMSO solutions of the products with different 2-deoxyglucose/glucose unit ratios, were greater than 100°, indicating efficient hydrophobization of the hydrophilic polypeptide by the present approach.

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Mei, Wenxin, Haodong Chen, Jinhua Sun, and Qingsong Wang. "The effect of electrode design parameters on battery performance and optimization of electrode thickness based on the electrochemical–thermal coupling model." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 1 (2019): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00503f.

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Zhao, Yulong, and Andreas Jossen. "Comparative Study of Parameter Identification with Frequency and Time Domain Fitting Using a Physics-Based Battery Model." Batteries 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110222.

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Parameter identification with the pseudo-two-dimensional (p2D) model has been an important research topic in battery engineering because some of the physicochemical parameters used in the model can be measured, while some can only be estimated or calculated based on the measurement data. Various methods, either in the time domain or frequency domain, have been proposed to identify the parameters of the p2D model. While the methods in each domain bring their advantages and disadvantages, a comprehensive comparison regarding parameter identifiability and accuracy is still missing. In this present work, some selected physicochemical parameters of the p2D model are identified in four different cases and with different methods, either only in the time domain or with a combined model. Which parameters are identified in the frequency domain is decided by a comprehensive analysis of the analytical expression for the DRT spectrum. Finally, the parameter identifiability results are analyzed and the validation results with two highly dynamic load profiles are shown and compared. The results indicate that the model with ohmic resistance and the combined method achieves the best performance and the average voltage error is at the level of 12 mV.

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Shi, Mengjun, Yan Zhang, Miaomiao Song, Yong Sun, Changqin Li, and Wenyi Kang. "Screening the Marker Components in Psoralea corylifolia L. with the Aids of Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Component Knock-Out by UPLC-MS2." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113439.

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Psoralea corylifolia L., (P. corylifolia), which is used for treating vitiligo in clinic, shows inhibitory and activating effects on tyrosinase, a rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis. This study aimed to determine the active ingredients in the ethenal extracts of P. corylifolia on tyrosinase activity. The spectrum-effect relationship and knock-out method were established to predict the active compounds. Their structures were then identified with the high resolution mass spectra. A high performance liquid chromatography method was established to obtain the specific chromatograms. Tyrosinase activity in vitro was assayed by the method of oxidation rate of levodopa. Partial least squares method was used to test the spectrum-effect relationships. Chromatographic peaks P2, P4, P9, P10, P11, P13, P21, P26, P28, and P30 were positively related to the activating effects on tyrosinase activity in PE, whereas chromatographic peaks P1, P3, P6, P14, P16, P19, P22, and P29 were negatively related to the activating effects on tyrosinase in the P. corylifolia (PEs). When the sample concentration was 0.5 g·mL−1, equal to the amount of raw medicinal herbs, the target components were daidzein (P2), psoralen (P5), neobavaisoflavone (P13), and psoralidin (P20), which were consistent with the results of spectrum-effect relationships.

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Laue, Vincent, Fridolin Röder, and Ulrike Krewer. "Practical identifiability of electrochemical P2D models for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 51, no. 9 (June 26, 2021): 1253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01579-5.

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Abstract Electrochemical models play a significant role in today’s rapid development and enhancement of lithium-ion batteries. For instance, they are applied for design and process optimization. More recently, model and parameter identifiability are gaining interest as thorough model parameterization is key to reliable simulation results. Especially electrochemical models are often prone to unidentifiability and overfitting due to their high number of adjustable parameters. In this article, the most common electrochemical peudo-2D model of a lithium-ion battery is parameterized. A three-step procedure is applied which considers quasi-static 3-electrode measurements of the open-circuit potential, C-rate tests, and electrochemical impedance spectra. Identifiability of each step is discussed in-depth and a general guidance for future parameterizations is derived. The conducted study reveals the insufficiency of open-circuit potential and C-rate tests to fully parameterize the electrochemical model. Highly dynamic tests, e.g., impedance spectroscopy, are required to resolve the ambiguity of diffusive and electric processes under quasi-static conditions. Any parameterization of electrochemical models requires experimental data of electrode-resolved tests, as well as a combination of quasi-static and highly dynamic tests. The results of this study provide guidance for the use of electrochemical models in applied sciences and industry. Graphic abstract

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WANG, F. "An Efficient Square Root Computation in Finite Fields GF(p2d)." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E88-A, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e88-a.10.2792.

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Aubert, D., G. T. Maine, I. Villena, J. C. Hunt, L. Howard, M. Sheu, S. Brojanac, L. E. Chovan, S. F. Nowlan, and J. M. Pinon. "Recombinant Antigens To Detect Toxoplasma gondii-Specific Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M in Human Sera by Enzyme Immunoassay." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 3 (2000): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.3.1144-1150.2000.

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We have evaluated the diagnostic utility of eleven Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (P22 [SAG2], P24 [GRA1], P25, P28 [GRA2], P29 [GRA7], P30 [SAG1], P35, P41 [GRA4], P54 [ROP2], P66 [ROP1], and P68) in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Rec-ELISAs). Following an initial evaluation, six recombinant antigens (P29, P30, P35, P54, P66, and P68) were tested in the IgG and IgM Rec-ELISAs with four groups of samples which span the toxoplasmosis disease spectrum (negative, chronic infection, acute infection, and recent seroconversion). Our results suggest that the combination of P29, P30, and P35 in an IgG Rec-ELISA and the combination of P29, P35, and P66 in an IgM Rec-ELISA can replace the tachyzoite antigen in IgG and IgM serologic tests, respectively. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and agreement for the IgG P29-P30-P35 Rec-ELISA were 98.4, 95.7, and 97.2%, respectively. The resolved sensitivity, specificity, and agreement for the IgM P29-P35-P66 Rec-ELISA were 93.1, 95.0, and 94.5%, respectively. Relative to the tachyzoite-based immunocapture IgM assay, the IgM P29-P35-P66 Rec-ELISA detects fewer samples that contain IgG antibodies with elevated avidity from individuals with an acute toxoplasmosis.

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Meade, John C. "P-type transport ATPases in Leishmania and Trypanosoma." Parasite 26 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019069.

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P-type ATPases are critical to the maintenance and regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and membrane lipid asymmetry due to their ability to move ions and phospholipids against a concentration gradient by utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis. P-type ATPases are particularly relevant in human pathogenic trypanosomatids which are exposed to abrupt and dramatic changes in their external environment during their life cycles. This review describes the complete inventory of ion-motive, P-type ATPase genes in the human pathogenic Trypanosomatidae; eight Leishmania species (L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, L. panamensis, L. tropica), Trypanosoma cruzi and three Trypanosoma brucei subspecies (Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927, Trypanosoma brucei Lister strain 427, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense DAL972). The P-type ATPase complement in these trypanosomatids includes the P1B (metal pumps), P2A (SERCA, sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases), P2B (PMCA, plasma membrane calcium ATPases), P2D (Na+ pumps), P3A (H+ pumps), P4 (aminophospholipid translocators), and P5B (no assigned specificity) subfamilies. These subfamilies represent the P-type ATPase transport functions necessary for survival in the Trypanosomatidae as P-type ATPases for each of these seven subfamilies are found in all Leishmania and Trypanosoma species included in this analysis. These P-type ATPase subfamilies are correlated with current molecular and biochemical knowledge of their function in trypanosomatid growth, adaptation, infectivity, and survival.

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Horner, Jeffrey S., Grace Whang, Igor V. Kolesnichenko, Timothy N. Lambert, Bruce S. Dunn, and Scott A. Roberts. "A pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model for FeS2 conversion cathode batteries." Journal of Power Sources 544 (October 2022): 231893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231893.

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Emery, G., M. Rojo, and J. Gruenberg. "Coupled transport of p24 family members." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 13 (July 1, 2000): 2507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.13.2507.

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Recent studies show that small trans-membrane proteins of approximately 22–24 kDa (the p24 family), which are grouped into 4 sub-families by sequence homology (p23, p24, p25 and p26), are involved in the early secretory pathway. In this study, we have investigated the mutual requirements of ectopically expressed members of the p24 family for targeting to their proper cellular destination. We find that coexpression of p23 and p24 is both necessary and sufficient for each protein to be transported to the cis-Golgi network/Golgi complex. Proteins from other subfamilies did not substitute for either p23 or p24, even after multiple coexpression. However, trafficking of the p23/p24 couple was facilitated by coexpression of proteins from other sub-families. In addition, we find that the sequence resembling an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal present in the cytoplasmic domain of p23 (but not p24) is dispensable. In contrast, the conserved coiled-coil region in the lumenal domain is absolutely required in both p23 and p24 for proper targeting of the p23/p24 couple. These data demonstrate that p23 and p24 must interact with each other to reach their destination, but that this strict requirement is combined with a mutual dependence amongst p24 proteins. We speculate that p24 proteins can form different oligomeric complexes, which contribute to confer specialized sorting/trafficking properties to membranes of the early secretory pathway, perhaps serving as membrane organizers.

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Li, Xiao-Jie, Yun-Tai Yu, Zhi-Wen Zhang, and Xiao-Rui Dong. "External characteristics of lithium-ion power battery based on electrochemical aging decay model." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 3 (2022): 038803. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211401.

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The current electrochemical models of lithium-ion power batteries have many problems, such as complex models, difficult modeling, low computational efficiency and poor aging evaluation effect. In this paper, a mechanism model (ADME) considering battery decay and aging is proposed. In this paper, the pseudo-two-dimensions (P2D) electrochemical model is first reduced by finite difference method to obtain a simplified P2D (SP2D). On the basis of SP2D model, a mechanism model considering battery decay and aging is proposed, which is based on the degradation and aging phenomenon caused by the side reactions between positive and negative electrodes. Secondly, the multivariate deviation compensation least square method is used to identify the model parameters. Finally, the terminal voltage output of SP2D model is compared with that of ADME model and the outputs from the two models are also analyzed through the cycle experiment on power battery aging performance, constant current and pulse condition. The results show that the ADME model is relatively simple, has high computational efficiency and estimation accuracy, and can effectively evaluate the aging decline of battery capacity, and obtain the ideal external characteristic curve of lithium ion power battery.

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Zhou, Jiaping, Bo Xing, and Chunyang Wang. "A review of lithium ion batteries electrochemical models for electric vehicles." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018504001.

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The electrochemical model can reflect the electrochemical reactions inside the lithium ion battery, and the model parameters have practical physical significance. Therefore, it is commonly used in the simulation research of the life prediction and the cell decay mechanism analysis of the lithium ion battery. This paper mainly introduces three commonly used electrochemistry models: P2D model, SP model and extended SP model. The origin and research progress of three kinds of electrochemical models are described. The characteristics of the three models are analyzed and compared. P2D model can describe the battery reactions comprehensively, but the iterative solution is complicated. The SP model simplifies some electrochemical reactions and improves the computational speed of the model, but the accuracy is decreased. In order to solve the shortcoming of SP model, the electrochemical reaction omitted from SP model is introduced again, and the approximate solution is solved by mathematical method, so as to realize the balance between precision and computational complexity of the model. Based on the above analysis and the application scenarios of lithium ion battery, the further development of the lithium ion battery electrochemical model is prospected.

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Dessantis, Davide, Piera Di Prima, Daniele Versaci, Julia Amici, Carlotta Francia, Silvia Bodoardo, and Massimo Santarelli. "Aging of a Lithium-Metal/LFP Cell: Predictive Model and Experimental Validation." Batteries 9, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030146.

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Actual market requirements for storage systems highlight the limits of graphite as an anode for Li-ion batteries. Lithium metal can represent a suitable alternative to graphite due to its high theoretical specific capacity (about 3860 mAh g−1) and low negative redox potential. However, several aging mechanisms, such as dendrite growth, lithium loss and the formation of an unstable SEI, decrease the performances of Li-based batteries. A suitable strategy to better understand and study these mechanisms could be the development of an electrochemical model that forecasts the aging behaviour of a lithium-metal battery. In this work, a P2D aging electrochemical model for an Li-based cell was developed. The main innovation is represented by the combination of two aspects: the substitution of graphite with metallic lithium as an anode and the implementation of SEI growth on the metallic lithium surface. The calibration of the model, based on experimental measurements and the successive validation, led to us obtaining a good accuracy between the simulated and experimental curves. This good accuracy makes the developed P2D aging model a versatile and suitable approach for further investigations on Li-based batteries considering all the aging phenomena involved.

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Bermejo, R. "Numerical analysis of a finite element formulation of the P2D model for Lithium-ion cells." Numerische Mathematik 149, no. 3 (October 23, 2021): 463–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-021-01235-2.

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AbstractThe mathematical P2D model is a system of strongly coupled nonlinear parabolic-elliptic equations that describes the electrodynamics of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, we present the numerical analysis of a finite element-implicit Euler scheme for such a model. We obtain error estimates for both the spatially semidiscrete and the fully discrete systems of equations, and establish the existence and uniqueness of the fully discrete solution.

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An, Fuqiang, Weinan Zhou, and Ping Li. "A comparison of model prediction from P2D and particle packing with experiment." Electrochimica Acta 370 (February 2021): 137775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137775.

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Lamorgese, A., R. Mauri, and B. Tellini. "Electrochemical-thermal P2D aging model of a LiCoO2/graphite cell: Capacity fade simulations." Journal of Energy Storage 20 (December 2018): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.08.011.

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Farida, Ika Nur, Nurul Sjamsijah, and Dwi Rahmawati. "Respon Seleksi Karakter Umur Pendek dan Potensi Hasil Tinggi pada Beberapa Genotipe Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Generasi F6." Agriprima, Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v2i1.57.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon seleksi hasil persilangan tanaman F6 karakter umur pendek dan potensi hasil tinggi pada beberapa genotipe hasil persilangan dengan menggunakan seleksi pedigree dan mengetahui nilai kemajuan genetik dari genotipe hasil persilangan tanaman F6. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan Politeknik Negeri Jember pada bulan September 2016 hingga Januari 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 11 genotipe tanaman yang terdiri dari empat tetua Dering, Rajabasa, Polije 2, Polije 3 dan tujuh genotipe hasil persilangan RD, P2D, P2R, P2P3, P3D, P3R, P3P2 serta varietas Malabar sebagai varietas pembanding. Parameter terdiri dari umur berbunga, umur panen, bobot 100 biji, hasil per tanaman, hasil per plot dan potensi hasil per Ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 11 genotipe hasil seleksi tanaman kedelai memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata pada karakter umur berbunga dan karakter bobot 100 biji. Nilai kemajuan genetik karakter umur panen (2,229%) termasuk kategori rendah. Nilai kemajuan genetik karakter umur berbunga (7,231%), bobot 100 biji (8,993%), hasil per tanaman (7,772%), hasil per plot (7,772%) dan potensi hasil per Ha (7,772%) termasuk kategori sedang.

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Thiagarajan, Raghav Sai, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Maitri Uppaluri, Yuliya Preger, and Venkat R. Subramanian. "A Thermal Tanks-in-Series Model for Capacity Fade Studies in Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012187mtgabs.

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Lithium ion batteries are widely adopted due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate and fast charging capabilities1. However, during their operation, capacity fade occurs as a result of various parasitic reactions causing loss of cyclable lithium ions. A dominant and widely studied fade mechanism is the formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer caused by the reduction of electrolyte at the anode-electrolyte boundary. Temperature plays a crucial role on the electrochemical performance of individual cells, affecting the diffusivities of ions, kinetics of reactions and rate of degradation of the battery. Thermal battery models allow us to study the thermal behavior of cells and are often used for cell configuration optimization and thermal management system design2. In literature, thermal models are incorporated with empirical and physics-based models to capture battery dynamics influenced by temperature. Empirical thermal models are simple and fast to solve but are applicable only for specific operating conditions and cannot capture electrochemical subtleties. Conversely, physics-based models use equations that incorporate transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions occurring in the cell. Common physics-based models are the Single Particle Model (SPM) and the Psuedo-2D (P2D) model. The P2D model is robust but computationally expensive3 and the SPM model does not capture electrolyte transport which has a non-linear temperature dependence. The Thermal Tank-In-Series4,5 model is a systematically volume-averaged form of the P2D model with energy balance equations for the current collectors, cathode, separator and anode. This reduces the number of equations in the model and improves computational speed while maintaining accuracy. This model can be ideal to predict capacity fade during fast charging. Extending on our previous work, we now couple the Thermal Tanks-in-Series model with the growth of the SEI layer for a single-cell sandwich. This model will facilitate understanding of diffusive, kinetic and temperature effects on the growth of the SEI layer and cell capacity fade. References M. Pathak, S. Kolluri, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, A973–A986 (2017). H. Liu, Z. Wei, W. He, and J. Zhao, Energy Convers. Manag., 150, 304–330 (2017). V. Ramadesigan et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, R31–R45 (2012). A. Subramaniam, S. Kolluri, S. Santhanagopalan, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 113506 (2020). A. Subramaniam et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 013534 (2020).

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Thiagarajan, Raghav Sai, Akshay Subramaniam, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Maitri Uppaluri, Yuliya Preger, and Venkat R. Subramanian. "A Thermal Tanks-in-Series Model for Capacity Fade Validation Studies in Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023177mtgabs.

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Lithium ion batteries are widely adopted due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate and fast charging capabilities1. However, during their operation, capacity fade occurs as a result of various parasitic reactions causing loss of cyclable lithium ions. A dominant and widely studied fade mechanism is the formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer caused by the reduction of electrolyte at the anode-electrolyte boundary. Temperature plays a crucial role on the electrochemical performance of individual cells, affecting the diffusivities of ions, kinetics of reactions and rate of degradation of the battery. Thermal battery models allow us to study the thermal behavior of cells and are often used for cell configuration optimization and thermal management system design2. In literature, thermal models are incorporated with empirical and physics-based models to capture battery dynamics influenced by temperature. Empirical thermal models are simple and fast to solve but are applicable only for specific operating conditions and cannot capture electrochemical subtleties. Conversely, physics-based models use equations that incorporate transport phenomena and electrochemical reactions occurring in the cell. Common physics-based models are the Single Particle Model (SPM) and the Psuedo-2D (P2D) model. The P2D model is robust but computationally expensive3 and the SPM model does not capture electrolyte transport which has a non-linear temperature dependence. The Thermal Tank-In-Series4,5 model is a systematically volume-averaged form of the P2D model with energy balance equations for the current collectors, cathode, separator and anode. This reduces the number of equations in the model and improves computational speed while maintaining accuracy. This model can be ideal to predict capacity fade during fast charging. Extending on our previous work, we take the Thermal Tanks-in-Series model coupled with SEI layer formation for a single-cell sandwich and apply it to analyze capacity fade under different temperature cycling conditions. Experimental validation of the model will facilitate understanding of diffusive, kinetic and temperature effects on the growth of the SEI layer and cell capacity fade. References M. Pathak, S. Kolluri, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, A973–A986 (2017). H. Liu, Z. Wei, W. He, and J. Zhao, Energy Convers. Manag., 150, 304–330 (2017). V. Ramadesigan et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, R31–R45 (2012). A. Subramaniam, S. Kolluri, S. Santhanagopalan, and V. R. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 113506 (2020). A. Subramaniam et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 167, 013534 (2020).

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Khusna, Tanwirotul, Rachmadania Akbarita, and Risang Narendra. "PERBANDINGAN PRINCIPAL AXIS FACTORING DAN MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD DALAM MENENTUKAN FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBELAJARAN NAHWU SHOROF (STUDI KASUS PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL MUTA’ALLIMIN PUTRI)." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol15iss4pp785-796.

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This study discusses the dominant factors that influence the success of learning nahwu shorof at the Roudlotul Mutaalimin Islamic Boarding School for the daughter of Minggirsari Village. Determining the dominant factor is done to maximize the quality of education in the boarding school, so that the interest of prospective students is increasing. In this study, two extraction methods were compared, namely the Principal Axis Factoring and Maximum Likelihood methods. There are 13 variables that affect the success of nahwu shorof learning, namely the natural environment (P1), social environment (P23), curriculum (P49), madrasa program (P1012), facilities and facilities (P1315), teaching staff (P1619), condition of physiological (P2021), condition of the five senses (P22), interest in learning (P2325), intelligence of students (P26), student talent (P27), motivation of students (P28), cognitive ability (P2930). The purpose of this study, namely to determine the most appropriate extraction method used in the analysis. The result of this study is the Maximum Likelihood method which is more appropriate than the Principal Axis Factoring method, because it has a smaller RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) value.

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Pintor, Jesús, and M. Teresa Miras-Portugal. "Receptors for diadenosine polyphosphates P2D, P2YApnA, P4 and dinucleotide receptors: are there too many?" Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 21, no. 4 (April 2000): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01453-x.

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Lopata, Joseph Steven, Taylor R. Garrick, Yangbing Zeng, and Sirivatch Shimpalee. "Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Numerical Transport Study of Lithium-Ion Battery Active Material Microstructures for Automotive Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 28 (October 9, 2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02281073mtgabs.

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Conventional porous electrode battery modeling for a variety of applications makes assumptions to reduce the complexity of the simulation where tradeoffs between computational complexity and electrode detail can be realized without significantly impacting the accuracy of the results. The most common porous electrode battery model is the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model as popularized by Newman and colleagues. These porous electrode battery models typically focus on simulating gradients in two dimensions; the primary dimension through the thickness of the battery cell electrodes and separators, and the secondary dimension in the radial direction of spherical active material particles. The particles are distributed throughout what is assumed to be a homogeneous porous electrode domain. Typically, uniformity in particle size, porosity, and tortuosity is assumed. In this work, the development of a three-dimensional microstructure (3DMS) lithium-ion battery model will be presented. With the increase in computational resources available in academia and industry, simulation of the microstructure in 3D is possible. Active material domains of both the anode and cathode can be generated stochastically to create microstructures representing the electrodes, with voids surrounding the particle representing the electrolyte. A comparison between the P2D and 3DMS models with sensitivity analysis focused on items that can be probed with microstructure simulations will be discussed and similarities and/or differences in charge/discharge characteristics, overpotentials, and concentration profiles will be presented. The findings from this work will provide a path to simulate at the microstructure level, drive electrode design, and translate the effects of heterogeneity into a homogenous porous electrode model.

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Kim, Hyun, Min-Woo Jo, Seok-Hwan Bae, Seok-Jun Yoon, and Jin Lee. "Measuring the Burden of Disease Due to Preterm Birth Complications in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030519.

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The premature birth rate in Korea has increased from 13.5% in 2008 to 15.7% in 2013. The complications of premature birth are a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidities. The purpose of this study was to estimate the burden of premature birth in Korea using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). DALY consists of years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD). In this study, preterm birth complications refer to nine diseases: P07, P22, P25, P26, P27, P28, P52, P77, P612, and H351 (International Classification of Diseases—10th Revision). YLL was calculated using mortality data from the 2012 National Health Insurance Data. YLD is a function of the prevalence, disability weight (DW), and duration of each complication. DW was determined by the Korean Disability Weight Study for National Burden of Disease in Korea 2013/2015. The burden of premature birth in Korea is 79,574 DALY (YLL: 43,725; YLD: 35,849). The burden for men (DALY: 43,603; YLL: 24,004; YLD: 19,599) is higher than that of women (DALY: 35,970; YLL: 19,720; YLD: 16,250). This study could provide essential data for evaluating the effects of policies intended to reduce preterm birth.

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Sharma, Poornima. "Pseudomonas as a Prospective Candidate For Minimization in use of Chemical Pesticides or their Gradual Replacement with Biocontrol Agents on Agricultural Fields." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-012-0015-6.

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Abstract Isolates of Pseudomonas species obtained from rhizosphere, rhizoplane and endophytic habitats of various plants were tested for their antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolated from the roots of a diseased pea plant. Pseudomonas isolate P5 showed best activity against F. oxysporum followed by P4, P22 and P17. Some isolates of Pseudomonas, P24, P25 and P26, grew unrestrictedly and completely covered the Fusarium colony. The antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas on F. oxysporum observed in this research can be attributed to the ability of antibiotic synthesis by Pseudomonas and also the ability to counter the toxic metabolites of Fusarium oxysporum.

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Kuemmel, Sherko, Bahriye Aktas, Jutta Krocker, Dirk Elling, Tilmann Lantzsch, Joachim Bischoff, Nikos Fersis, et al. "Phase I/II trial of primary chemotherapy with nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and lapatinib in patients with HER2-positive, early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.624.

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624 Background: Combinations of trastuzumab and anthracyclines in HER2-positive breast cancer are highly active but associated with a high incidence of cardiotoxicity. The risk of cardiac damage can be significantly reduced through liposomal encapsulation of anthracyclines. This phase I/II study was initiated to evaluate the combination of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD), paclitaxel and lapatinib as primary treatment for patients with early stage, HER2-positive primary breast cancer. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or FISH+) early stage (T1c N1-2 or T2 N0-2) breast cancer were treated with NPLD (60mg/m2; day 1), paclitaxel (175mg/m2, day 1) and lapatinib (750-1500 mg orally daily) in 3-week intervals for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints include safety, incidence of cardiac events, and clinical response. Exploratory endpoints include molecular markers for sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy and/or lapatinib evaluated. Results: A total of 84 patients have been included to date.No DLTs were observed and the maximum tolerated doses were NPLD 60mg/m2, paclitaxel 175mg/m2 and lapatinib 1500mg. Recommended phase 2 doses (P2D) were NPLD 60mg/m2, paclitaxel 175mg/m2 and lapatinib 1250mg. The treatment was generally well tolerated and associated with toxicities that were consistent with the known side-effects of the individual agents. No cardiac event has been observed to date. Preliminary efficacy data confirm a pCR breast rate of 41.7% and pCR rate in breast and lymph nodes of 37.5%, in 24 evaluable patients treated at ≥P2D. Conclusions: The combination of NPLD, paclitaxel and lapatinib is well tolerated and has high antitumour activity in patients with HER2-positive primary breast cancer. The phase II part of the study is ongoing and updated results will be presented.

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Shou, W., and W. G. Dunphy. "Cell cycle control by Xenopus p28Kix1, a developmentally regulated inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 3 (March 1996): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.3.457.

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We have isolated Xenopus p28Kix1, a member of the p21CIP1/p27KIP1/p57KIP2 family of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors. Members of this family negatively regulate cell cycle progression in mammalian cells by inhibiting the activities of Cdks. p28 shows significant sequence homology with p21, p27, and p57 in its N-terminal region, where the Cdk inhibition domain is known to reside. In contrast, the C-terminal domain of p28 is distinct from that of p21, p27, and p57. In co-immunoprecipitation experiments, p28 was found to be associated with Cdk2, cyclin E, and cyclin A, but not the Cdc2/cyclin B complex in Xenopus egg extracts. Xenopus p28 associates with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, but with a substantially lower affinity than human p21. In kinase assays with recombinant Cdks, p28 inhibits pre-activated Cdk2/cyclin E and Cdk2/cyclin A, but not Cdc2/cyclin B. However, at high concentrations, p28 does prevent the activation of Cdc2/cyclin B by the Cdk-activating kinase. Consistent with the role of p28 as a Cdk inhibitor, recombinant p28 elicits an inhibition of both DNA replication and mitosis upon addition to egg extracts, indicating that it can regulate multiple cell cycle transitions. The level of p28 protein shows a dramatic developmental profile: it is low in Xenopus oocytes, eggs, and embryos up to stage 11, but increases approximately 100-fold between stages 12 and 13, and remains high thereafter. The induction of p28 expression temporally coincides with late gastrulation. Thus, although p28 may play only a limited role during the early embryonic cleavages, it may function later in development to establish a somatic type of cell cycle. Taken together, our results indicate that Xenopus p28 is a new member of the p21/p27/p57 class of Cdk inhibitors, and that it may play a role in developmental processes.

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Wang, Shang-Kwei, Cheng-Hui Hu, Miao-Chan Lu, Chang-Yih Duh, Pao-Chi Liao, and Yu-Chang Tyan. "Novel virus-associated proteins encoded by UL112–113 of human cytomegalovirus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 2840–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.013037-0.

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Evidence suggests that the products of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL112–113 genes are involved in viral DNA replication during lytic infection. A polyclonal antibody was raised against the UL112 open reading frame (ORF) to characterize its function in detail. Immunoblots utilizing the UL112 antibody identified seven distinct protein bands (p20, p26, p28, p34, p43, p50 and p84) expressed during the HCMV infectious cycle. After screening a cDNA library constructed from cells 72 h after infection with HCMV, only four different cDNA protein-producing constructs were obtained, and their ORFs corresponded to p34, p43, p50 and p84. The proteins p20, p26 and p28 were further shown to be selectively included within mature HCMV particles, virions, non-infectious enveloped particles and dense bodies. Immunoaffinity protein purification was used to prepare the samples for liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed that p20, p26 and p28 were derived from the UL112 ORF, most likely through post-translational proteolytic cleavage.

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Dawkins, Jeremy, Andrew Danis, Isabelle Beaulieu, Danny Chhin, Marta Mirolo, Isaac Martens, Steen Schougaard, and Janine Mauzeroll. "Operando Quantification of Solution Li⁺ in Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272481mtgabs.

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What if you could see inside a Li-ion battery while you operate it? This is the concept behind “operando” methodologies which allow researchers to experimentally observe fundamental processes that occur within batteries during charge and discharge. Our team recently developed a new methodology employing synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction simultaneously. This method provides crucial information about mass transport limitations in both the solid and solution phase of Li-ion batteries which was previously unavailable. This new method can 1) validate the predictive power of established P2D battery models, 2) conclusively quantify complex transport mechanisms in structured electrodes and 3) fundamentally change the approach to the rational design of new electrode architectures.

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Kubica, Aleksander, and Nicolas Delfosse. "Efficient color code decoders in d≥2 dimensions from toric code decoders." Quantum 7 (February 21, 2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-02-21-929.

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We introduce an efficient decoder of the color code in d≥2 dimensions, the Restriction Decoder, which uses any d-dimensional toric code decoder combined with a local lifting procedure to find a recovery operation. We prove that the Restriction Decoder successfully corrects errors in the color code if and only if the corresponding toric code decoding succeeds. We also numerically estimate the Restriction Decoder threshold for the color code in two and three dimensions against the bit-flip and phase-flip noise with perfect syndrome extraction. We report that the 2D color code threshold p2D≈10.2% on the square-octagon lattice is on a par with the toric code threshold on the square lattice.

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Han, Sangwoo, Yifan Tang, and Saeed Khaleghi Rahimian. "A numerically efficient method of solving the full-order pseudo-2-dimensional (P2D) Li-ion cell model." Journal of Power Sources 490 (April 2021): 229571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229571.

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Xu, Le, Xianke Lin, Yi Xie, and Xiaosong Hu. "Enabling high-fidelity electrochemical P2D modeling of lithium-ion batteries via fast and non-destructive parameter identification." Energy Storage Materials 45 (March 2022): 952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.12.044.

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Baker, R. Roy, and Zou Dao Loh. "The subcellular distribution of free fatty acids released during post-decapitative ischemia in rat cerebral cortex." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-147.

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After periods of 5 and 30 min following decapitation, rat cerebral cortices were removed and subcellular fractions were prepared. Fractions P1A (large myelin), P1B (nuclei), P1C (cells and debris), P2A (small myelin), P2B (synaptosomes), P2C (mitochondria), and P3 (microsomes) were isolated. Free fatty acid levels of 1.0 and 1.4 μmol/g tissue were found in the homogenates at the early and late times of ischemia. In the 30-min samples, P1A, P1C, and P2A had relatively high specific contents of total free fatty acids in comparison with other subfractions. At this time P2C was relatively enriched in arachidonate, P1A and P2A were enriched in palmitate, and P2B and P3 were enriched in stearate in comparison with the homogenate. P2C had the highest ratio of polyunsaturates/saturates in its free fatty acid pool. Comparing the 5- and 30-min samples, a large increase in the quantity of free fatty acids was found in fractions P1A and P2A, so that at the later time P1A + P2A contained 60 mol% of the free fatty acid in the total subfractions derived from cerebral cortex. In comparison with the homogenate, the lack of accumulation of free fatty acids in certain membranes known to possess phospholipase activities (e.g., phospholipase A2 in P2C) and the buildup of free fatty acids in P1A and P2A led to the hypothesis that free fatty acids may be migrating outwards from intracellular sites of production and accumulating in the multilamellar structure of myelin.

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Kuchly, Jean, Alain Goussian, Mathieu Merveillaut, Issam Baghdadi, Sylvain Franger, Dominique Nelson-Gruel, Cédric Nouillant, and Yann Chamaillard. "Li-ion battery SOC estimation method using a Neural Network trained with data generated by a P2D model." IFAC-PapersOnLine 54, no. 10 (2021): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.185.

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Holmlid, Leif. "Rotational emission spectroscopy in ultra-dense hydrogen p(0) and p D (0): Groups p , pD2, p2D and (pD)." Journal of Molecular Structure 1173 (December 2018): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.116.

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Xu, Jianing, Chuanyu Sun, Yulong Ni, Chao Lyu, Chao Wu, He Zhang, Qingjun Yang, and Fei Feng. "Fast Identification of Micro-Health Parameters for Retired Batteries Based on a Simplified P2D Model by Using Padé Approximation." Batteries 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010064.

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Better performance consistency of regrouped batteries retired from electric vehicles can guarantee the residual value maximized, which greatly improves the second-use application economy of retired batteries. This paper develops a fast identification approach for micro-health parameters characterizing negative electrode material and electrolyte in LiFePO4 batteries on the basis of a simplified pseudo two-dimensional model by using Padé approximation is developed. First, as the basis for accurately identifying micro-health parameters, the liquid-phase and solid-phase diffusion processes of pseudo two-dimensional model are simplified based on Padé approximation, especially according to enhanced boundary conditions of liquid-phase diffusion. Second, the reduced pseudo two-dimensional model with the lumped parameter is proposed, the target parameters characterizing negative electrode material (εn, Ds,n) and electrolyte (De, Ce) are grouped with other unknown but fixed parameters, which ensures that no matter whether the target parameters can be achieved, the corresponding varying traces is able to be effectively and independently monitored by lumped parameters. Third, the fast identification method for target micro-health parameters is developed based on the sensitivity of target parameters to constant-current charging voltage, which shortens the parameter identification time in comparison to that obtained by other approaches. Finally, the identification accuracy of the lumped micro-health parameters is verified under 1 C constant-current charging condition.

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Quartulli, Marco, Amaia Gil, Ane Miren Florez-Tapia, Pablo Cereijo, Elixabete Ayerbe, and Igor G. Olaizola. "Ensemble Surrogate Models for Fast LIB Performance Predictions." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144115.

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Battery Cell design and control have been widely explored through modeling and simulation. On the one hand, Doyle’s pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model and Single Particle Models are among the most popular electrochemical models capable of predicting battery performance and therefore guiding cell characterization. On the other hand, empirical models obtained, for example, by Machine Learning (ML) methods represent a simpler and computationally more efficient complement to electrochemical models and have been widely used for Battery Management System (BMS) control purposes. This article proposes ML-based ensemble models to be used for the estimation of the performance of an LIB cell across a wide range of input material characteristics and parameters and evaluates 1. Deep Learning ensembles for simulation convergence classification and 2. structured regressors for battery energy and power predictions. The results represent an improvement on state-of-the-art LIB surrogate models and indicate that deep ensembles represent a promising direction for battery modeling and design.

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Müller, Daniel, Thomas Dufaux, and Kai Peter Birke. "Model-Based Investigation of Porosity Profiles in Graphite Anodes Regarding Sudden-Death and Second-Life of Lithium Ion Cells." Batteries 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5020049.

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The second-life concept helps to reduce the cost for electric vehicles by adding monetary value to disused automotive batteries. However, the sudden-death effect, a change in ageing behaviour limits the total lifetime and might reduce the second-life timespan. In this paper, we utilize a common pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) cell model to investigate the influence of different porosity profiles in the graphite electrode on the battery’s ageing. Ageing is modeled by two irreversible side reactions at the anode, the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and lithium plating. We use parameters of a high-energy cell with thick electrodes. A constant initial anode porosity as a reference is compared with two optimized porosity profiles. Simulation results show that by using a layered anode, a two-stage porosity profile with higher porosity at the separator side, the cycle count until sudden-death and especially the cycles for second-life applications can both almost be doubled.

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Füllekrug, Joachim, Tatsuo Suganuma, Bor Luen Tang, Wanjing Hong, Brian Storrie, and Tommy Nilsson. "Localization and Recycling of gp27 (hp24γ3): Complex Formation with Other p24 Family Members." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 6 (June 1999): 1939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.6.1939.

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We report here the characterization of gp27 (hp24γ3), a glycoprotein of the p24 family of small and abundant transmembrane proteins of the secretory pathway. Immunoelectron and confocal scanning microscopy show that at steady state, gp27 localizes to thecis side of the Golgi apparatus. In addition, some gp27 was detected in COPI- and COPII-coated structures throughout the cytoplasm. This indicated cycling that was confirmed in three ways. First, 15°C temperature treatment resulted in accumulation of gp27 in pre-Golgi structures colocalizing with anterograde cargo. Second, treatment with brefeldin A caused gp27 to relocate into peripheral structures positive for both KDEL receptor and COPII. Third, microinjection of a dominant negative mutant of Sar1p trapped gp27 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by blocking ER export. Together, this shows that gp27 cycles extensively in the early secretory pathway. Immunoprecipitation and coexpression studies further revealed that a significant fraction of gp27 existed in a hetero-oligomeric complex. Three members of the p24 family, GMP25 (hp24α2), p24 (hp24β1), and p23 (hp24δ1), coprecipitated in what appeared to be stochiometric amounts. This heterocomplex was specific. Immunoprecipitation of p26 (hp24γ4) failed to coprecipitate GMP25, p24, or p23. Also, very little p26 was found coprecipitating with gp27. A functional requirement for complex formation was suggested at the level of ER export. Transiently expressed gp27 failed to leave the ER unless other p24 family proteins were coexpressed. Comparison of attached oligosaccharides showed that gp27 and GMP25 recycled differentially. Only a very minor portion of GMP25 displayed complex oligosaccharides. In contrast, all of gp27 showed modifications by medial and trans enzymes at steady state. We conclude from these data that a portion of gp27 exists as hetero-oligomeric complexes with GMP25, p24, and p23 and that these complexes are in dynamic equilibrium with individual p24 proteins to allow for differential recycling and distributions.

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48

Gvilia, Irma, Natalia Suntsova, Bryan Angara, Dennis McGinty, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Maturation of sleep homeostasis in developing rats: a role for preoptic area neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 300, no. 4 (April 2011): R885—R894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00727.2010.

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The present study evaluated the hypothesis that developmental changes in hypothalamic sleep-regulatory neuronal circuits contribute to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in rats during the fourth postnatal week. In a longitudinal study, we quantified electrographic measures of sleep during baseline and in response to sleep deprivation (SD) on postnatal days 21/29 (P21/29) and P22/30 ( experiment 1). During 24-h baseline recordings on P21, total sleep time (TST) during the light and dark phases did not differ significantly. On P29, TST during the light phase was significantly higher than during the dark phase. Mean duration of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep bouts was significantly longer on P29 vs. P21, indicating improved sleep consolidation. On both P22 and P30, rats exhibited increased NREM sleep amounts and NREM electroencephalogram delta power during recovery sleep (RS) compared with baseline. Increased NREM sleep bout length during RS was observed only on P30. In experiment 2, we quantified activity of GABAergic neurons in median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) during SD and RS in separate groups of P22 and P30 rats using c-Fos and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunohistochemistry. In P22 rats, numbers of Fos+GAD+ neurons in VLPO did not differ among experimental conditions. In P30 rats, Fos+GAD+ counts in VLPO were elevated during RS. MnPN neuronal activity was state-dependent in P22 rats, but Fos+GAD+ cell counts were higher in P30 rats. These findings support the hypothesis that functional emergence of preoptic sleep-regulatory neurons contributes to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in the developing rat brain.

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Hashemzadeh, Pouya, Martin Désilets, Marcel Lacroix, and Ali Jokar. "Investigation of the P2D and of the modified single-particle models for predicting the nonlinear behavior of Li-ion batteries." Journal of Energy Storage 52 (August 2022): 104909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104909.

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Akkaldevi, Chaithanya, Sandeep Dattu Chitta, Jeevan Jaidi, Satyam Panchal, Michael Fowler, and Roydon Fraser. "Coupled Electrochemical-Thermal Simulations and Validation of Minichannel Cold-Plate Water-Cooled Prismatic 20 Ah LiFePO4 Battery." Electrochem 2, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 643–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem2040040.

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This paper discusses the quantitative validation carried out on a prismatic 20 Ah LiFePO4 battery sandwiched between two minichannel cold-plates with distributed flow having a single U-turn. A two-way coupled electrochemical-thermal simulations are performed at different discharge rates (1–4 C) and coolant inlet temperatures (15–35 °C). The predicted battery voltage response at room temperature (22 °C) and the performance of the Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) in terms of the battery surface temperatures (maximum temperature, Tmax and temperature difference, ΔT) have been analyzed. Additionally, temperature variation at ten different locations on the battery surface is studied during the discharge process. The predicted temperatures are compared with the measured data and found to be in close agreement. Differences between the predicted and measured temperatures are attributed to the assumption of uniform heat generation by the Li-ion model (P2D), the accuracy of electrochemical property input data, and the accuracy of the measuring tools used. Overall, it is suggested that the Li-ion model can be used to design the efficient BTMS at the cell level.

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Journal articles on the topic 'P2D'

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