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1
Perez, Paulo Andre Sant\'Anna. "P2D - Um Ambiente de Auxílio a Paralelização de Aplicações Fortran." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15012018-095545/.
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Neste trabalho é apresentado um ambiente integrado para o auxílio à paralelização de aplicações escritas na linguagem Fortran. O sistema foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de sanar uma necessidade de melhores ferramentas para programação paralela, conforme identificado na revisão bibliográfica apresentada. Diversas técnicas de Engenharia de Software são utilizadas neste trabalho. A análise do sistema é apresentada, e são discutidos os seus objetivos e a descrição das suas características principais. O projeto do sistema e o modelo de geração do código paralelo são descritos. E feita uma análise dos algoritmos envolvidos na sua implementação. Também são apresentados exemplos de utilização do sistema e os resultados obtidos são avaliados. Finalmente, podem ser encontradas diversas sugestões de novos projetos, importantes para a continuidade do trabalho até aqui desenvolvido.This thesis presents an integrated environment to help with the parallelization of serial Fortran applications. This is an effort to provide improved tools for parallel programming, a need emphasized by the review of the bibliography presented. Software Engineering principles are extensively used in this work. The system definition is based on a deep analysis of its goals, requirements and applications. The software project and the algorithms used for parallel code generation are discussed. Some results obtained from case studies are presented and analysed. Finally, several new research projects are proposed aiming at the continuity of this work.
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Bandla, Venkat Nehru. "Modeling the internal inhomogeneous aging behavior in large-format commercial Li-ion batteries." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0027/document.
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Les batteries Li-ion (LIB) sont utilisées comme dispositifs de stockage d'énergie dans les applications automobiles, mobiles ou stationnaire. Cependant, leur vieillissement conduisant à une dégradation de leur performance reste un problème majeur. Les LIB présentent un comportement non uniforme qui entraîne une utilisation incomplète et un vieillissement non uniforme. L'objectif de ce travail est donc d'identifier les facteurs influençant le comportement inhomogène et d'étudier leur effet sur le vieillissement. Une approche combinée modèle/expérimentation est adoptée. Un dispositif expérimental a été développé pour simuler les dispersions thermiques et de potentiels dans les batteries Li-ion commerciales. Ce dispositif est utilisé pour effectuer des tests en cyclage et le vieillissement inhomogène est évalué par des tests de caractérisation effectués pendant et après le cyclage. Des modèles multi-physiques décrivant le comportement des LIB ont été développés pour représenter le comportement du système expérimental. Deux phénomènes de vieillissement identifiés expérimentalement sont pris en compte, à savoir la formation d'une couche de SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) et la perte de matière active d'électrode positive. Le premier est fortement dépendant de la température et le second est plus uniforme. Cette approche combinée a permis de montrer que la dispersion thermique avait plus d'impact que les différences de potentiel sur l'homogénéité du vieillissementLi-ion batteries (LIB) are used as energy storage devices in automobile, mobile and stationary applications. However their lifetime issue is a primary concern resulting in a decreased performance. Li-ion batteries exhibit non-uniform behavior that results in incomplete utilization of the cell energy and non-uniform aging. Thus the objective of this work is to identify the factors influencing the inhomogeneous behavior and to study their effect on aging. A combined modeling and experimental approach is adopted in this work. In the experimental work, a setup is developed that surrogates the thermal and potential gradients occurring in commercial LIB. This setup is used to perform long-term accelerated cycling tests and inhomogeneous aging behavior is assessed. Several characterization tests are performed during and after the completion of the cycling. In the modeling part, multiphysics models describing the electrochemical, electrical and thermal behavior of LIB are developed. These models are appropriately coupled integrated with an aging component to represent the experimental setup behavior. Two main degradation phenomena, namely SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) formation and positive electrode active material have been identified experimentally and modelled. The latter is uniform whereas the former is influenced by temperature. Based on this, thermal dispersion impact on the inhomogeneity is greater than potential dispersion
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Jokar, Ali. "An inverse method for estimating the electrochemical and the thermophysical parameters of lithium-ion batteries with different positive electrode materials." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11799.
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La sécurité de plusieurs systèmes électriques est fortement dépendante de la fiabilité de leur
bloc-batterie à base de piles aux ions lithium (Li-ion). Par conséquent, ces batteries doivent
être suivis et contrôlés par un système de gestion des batteries (BMS). Le BMS interagit
avec toutes les composantes du bloc-batterie de façon à maintenir leur intégrité. La
principale composante d’un BMS est un modèle représentant le comportement des piles Liion et capable de prédire ses différents points d’opération. Dans les industries de
l’électronique et de l’automobile, le BMS repose habituellement sur des modèles empiriques
simples. Ceux-ci ne sont cependant pas capables de prédire les paramètres de la batterie
lorsqu’elle vieillit. De plus, ils ne sont applicables que pour des piles spécifiques. D’un autre
côté, les modèles électrochimiques sont plus sophistiqués et plus précis puisqu’ils sont basés
sur la résolution des équations de transport et de cinétique électrochimique. Ils peuvent être
utilisés pour simuler les caractéristiques et les réactions à l’intérieur des piles aux ions
lithium.
Pour résoudre les équations des modèles électrochimiques, il faut connaître les différents
paramètres électrochimiques et thermo-physiques de la pile. Les variables les plus
significatives des piles Li-ion peuvent être divisées en 3 catégories : les paramètres
géométriques, ceux définissant les matériaux et les paramètres d’opération. Les paramètres
géométriques et de matériaux peuvent être facilement obtenus à partir de mesures directes
ou à partir des spécifications du manufacturier. Par contre, les paramètres d’opération ne
sont pas faciles à identifier. De plus, certains d’entre eux peuvent dépendre de la technique
de mesure utilisée et de l’âge. Finalement, la mesure de certains paramètres requiert le
démantèlement de la pile, une procédure risquée et destructive.
Plusieurs recherches ont été réalisées afin d’identifier les paramètres opérationnels des piles
aux ions lithium. Toutefois, la plupart de ces études ont porté sur l’estimation d’un nombre
limité de paramètres et se sont attardées sur un seul type de matériau pour l’électrode positive
utilisé dans la fabrication des piles Li-ion. De plus, le couplage qui existe entre les
paramètres électrochimiques et thermo-physiques est complètement ignoré. Le but principal
de cette thèse est de développer une méthode générale pour identifier simultanément
différents paramètres électrochimiques et thermo-physiques et de prédire la performance des
piles Li-ion à base de différents matériaux d’électrodes positives. Pour atteindre ce but, une
méthode inverse efficace a été introduite. Des modèles directs représentatifs des piles Li-ion
à base de différents matériaux d’électrodes positives ont également été développés. Un modèle rapide et précis simulant la performance de piles Li-ion avec des électrodes positives
à base de LiMn2O4 ou de LiCoO2 est présenté. Également, deux modèles ont été développés
pour prédire la performance des piles Li-ion avec une électrode positive de LiFePO4. Le
premier, appelé modèle mosaïque modifié (MM), est basé sur une approche macroscopique
alors que le deuxième, appelé le modèle mésoscopique, est plutôt basé sur une approche
microscopique. Des études d’estimation de paramètres ont été conduites en utilisant les
modèles développés et des données expérimentales fournies par Hydro-Québec. Tous les
paramètres électrochimiques et thermo-physiques des piles Li-ions ont été simultanément
identifiés et appliqués à la prédiction de la performance des piles. Finalement, une technique
en temps réel reposant sur des réseaux de neurones est introduite dans la méthode
d’estimation des paramètres intrinsèques au piles Li-ion.Abstract : The safety of many electrical systems is strongly dependent on the reliable operation of their lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery packs. As a result, the battery packs must be monitored by a battery management system (BMS). The BMS interacts with all the components of the system so as to maintain the integrity of the batteries. The main part of a BMS is a Li-ion battery model that simulates and predicts its different operating points. In the electronics and in the automobile industries, the BMS usually rests on simple empirical models. They are however unable to predict the battery parameters as it ages. Furthermore, they are only applicable to a specific cell. Electrochemical-based models are, on the other hand, more sophisticated and more precise. These models are based on chemical/electrochemical kinetics and transport equations. They may be used to simulate the Li-ion battery characteristics and reactions. In order to run the electrochemical-based mathematical models, it is imperative to know the different electrochemical and thermophysical parameters of the battery. The significant variables of the Li-ion battery can be classified into three groups: geometric, material and operational parameters. The geometric and material parameters can be easily obtained from direct measurements or from the datasheets provided by the manufacturer. The operational properties are, on the other hand, not easily available. Furthermore, some of them may vary according to the measurement techniques or the battery age. Sometimes, the measurement of these parameters requires the dismantling of the battery itself, which is a risky and destructive procedure. Many investigations have been conducted to identify the operational parameters of Li-ion batteries. However, most of these studies focused on the estimation of limited parameters, or considered only one type of the positive electrode materials used in Li-ion batteries. Moreover, the coupling of the thermophysical parameters to the electrochemical variables is ignored in all of them. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a general method to simultaneously identify different electrochemical and thermophysical parameters and to predict the performance of Li-ion batteries with different positive electrode materials. To achieve this goal, an effective inverse method is introduced. Also, direct models representative of Li-ion batteries are developed, applicable for all of the positive electrode materials. A fast and accurate model is presented for simulating the performance of the Li-ion batteries with the LiMn2O4 and LiCoO2 positive electrodes. Moreover, two macro- and micro-based models are developed for predicting the performance of Li-ion battery with the LiFePO4 positive electrode, namely the Modified Mosaic (MM) and the mesoscopic-based models. The parameter estimation studies are then implemented by means of the developed direct models and experimental data provided by Hydro-Québec. All electrochemical and thermophysical parameters of the Li-ion batteries are simultaneously identified and applied for the prediction of the battery performance. Finally, a real-time technique resting on neural networks is used for the estimation of the Li-ion batteries intrinsic parameters.
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Domingo, Prieto Marc. "Integrating secure mobile P2P systems and Wireless Sensor Networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404534.
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Aquesta tesi tracta de les diferents limitacions trobades a WSN per a habilitar-ne el desplegament en nous escenaris i facilitar la difusió de la informació obtinguda. A un nivell baix, ens centrem en el consum d’energia, mentre que, a un nivell més alt, ens focalitzem en la difusió i la seguretat de la informació. Reduïm el consum d’una mote individual en xarxes amb patrons de trànsit dinàmic mitjançant la definició d’una funció de planificació basada en el conegut controlador PID i allarguem la vida d’una WSN globalment distribuint equitativament el consum energètic de totes les motes, disminuint el nombre d’intervencions necessàries per a canviar bateries i el cost associat. Per tal d’afavorir la difusió de la informació provinent d'una WSN, hem proposat jxSensor, una capa d'integració entre les WSN i el conegut sistema P2P JXTA. Com que tractem informació sensible, hem proposat una capa d’anonimat a JXTA i un mecanisme d’autenticació lleuger per a la seva versió mòbil.Esta tesis trata las diferentes limitaciones encontradas en WSN para habilitar su despliegue en nuevos escenarios, así como facilitar la diseminación de la información obtenida. A bajo nivel, nos centramos en el consumo de energía, mientras que, a un nivel más alto, nos focalizamos en la diseminación y seguridad de la información. Reducimos el consumo de una mota individual en redes con patrones de tráfico dinámico mediante la definición de una función de planificación basada en el conocido controlador PID y alargamos la vida de una WSN globalmente distribuyendo equitativamente el consumo energético de todas las motas, disminuyendo el número de intervenciones requeridas para cambiar baterías y su coste asociado. Para favorecer la diseminación de la información procedente de una WSN hemos propuesto jxSensor, una capa de integración entre las WSN y el conocido sistema P2P JXTA. Como estamos tratando con información sensible, hemos propuesto una capa de anonimato en JXTA y un mecanismo de autenticación ligero para su versión móvil.
This thesis addresses different limitations found in WSNs in order to enable their deployment in new scenarios as well as to make it easier to disseminate the gathered information. At a lower level, we concentrate on energy consumption while, at a higher level, we focus on the dissemination and security of information. The consumption of an individual mote in networks with dynamic traffic patterns is reduced by defining a scheduling function based on the well-known PID controller. Additionally, the life of a WSN is extended by equally distributing the consumption of all the motes, which reduces the number of interventions required to replace batteries as well as the associated cost. To help the dissemination of information coming from a WSN we have proposed jxSensor, which is an integration layer between WSNs and the well-known JXTA P2P system. As we are dealing with sensitive information, we have proposed an anonymity layer in JXTA and a light authentication method in its mobile version.
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Glentis, S. "Whole genome amplification for PGD and PND : molecular and a-CGH diagnosis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18554/.
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Whole genome amplification amplifies the entire genome in a few hours from samples of minimal DNA quantities, even from single cells. This may have many applications, especially in prenatal diagnosis, PGD and PGS. The hypothesis for chapter 3 was: Can multiple displacement amplification (MDA) be used as a universal step prior to molecular analysis for PGD? WGA using MDA (Qiagen) was used on single cells in order to overcome the problem of limited DNA in PGD. MDA allows the diagnosis through haplotyping or a combination of direct and indirect mutation analysis. Different cell types, including buccal cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and blastomeres were examined. A modification on the cell lysis buffer was also tested in order to achieve more accurate results. PGD seems to benefit from MDA when multiple tests are performed for direct and indirect analysis. The modified lysis buffer (exclusion of DTT) produced better results than the other lysis buffers and buccal cells do not produce as accurate results as other cell types. The hypothesis was met as the amount of DNA produced by MDA can be used for direct and indirect testing and haplotyping. The hypothesis for chapter 4 was: Is it possible to accurately assess the chromosomes of a single cell by a-CGH? WGA was achieved by MDA and GenomePlex (Sigma) on single lymphocytes, fibroblasts and blastomeres prior to a-CGH analysis. The difficulty of this technique was the high background noise that was produced by WGA that makes interpretation difficult. Different lysis buffers, modifications of the WGA reaction and analysis software were examined for better results. A-CGH slides from different companies and institutions were used. The results showed that GenomePlex produced less background noise compared to MDA but the amplification efficiency of the technique was less reliable. The BlueGnome Cytochip arrays produced the best compared to arrays from any other companies or institutions. More experiments would be necessary to determine if the hypothesis was met as a number of chromosomal abnormalities detected were not always confirmed by other experiments. The hypothesis for chapter 5 was: Can aneuploidy be detected in coelomic fluid using a-CGH? The possibility of using WGA and a-CGH on coelomic fluid was tested as this could be used as an early form of prenatal diagnosis. Coelomic fluid was collected between the 5th and 11th week of pregnancy from women undergoing termination of pregnancy. MDA and GenomePlex were used to amplify the DNA prior to a-CGH analysis. Both genomic (high resolution) and constitutional (low resolution) arrays were tested. The results showed that aneuploidy can be detected by a-CGH. BlueGnome Cytochip slides produced the best results. A triploid sample was detected as normal. The hypothesis was met and even higher resolution could be achieved with the use of GenomePlex and BlueGnome Cytochip arrays. WGA may be very important for downstream genetic tests when the DNA is from very low quality and quantity. Further optimisation of the technique is needed in order to achieve similar results to those of good quality genomic DNA. Arrays from different companies or institutions may produce very different results. In conclusion, the results showed that WGA can benefit PGD and PND, and a-CGH gives great potential to PGS and coelomic fluid diagnosis.
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Xavier, Carlos Roberto. "Simulação numérica da soldabilidade dos aços ferríticos T/P23 e T/P24." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18289.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo uma avaliação qualitativa das transformações metalúrgicas sofridas pelos aços ferríticos de baixa liga T/P23 e T/P24, quando soldados com diferentes energias de soldagem, temperaturas de preaquecimento e espessuras de metal base. Foi utilizado um modelo baseado em equações de transporte de calor, que aplica a técnica numérica de volumes finitos com implementação computacional em linguagem de programação FORTRAN. Foi enfocada neste estudo a simulação numérica dos efeitos da variação da energia de soldagem, da espessura e da temperatura de preaquecimento do metal base sobre a curva de resfriamento durante a transformação sob resfriamento contínuo dos aços citados. Foi simulada uma condição em que um cordão de solda foi depositado sobre placas dos aços estudados através do processo GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding). O modelo de fonte de energia baseado na distribuição duplo-elipsóide de fluxo de calor de Goldak et al. foi utilizado, a fim de se obter uma boa aproximação da penetração e da taxa de resfriamento da solda. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram qualitativamente aqueles apresentados pela literatura.The aim of this work is to evaluate qualitatively the metallurgical transformations during the welding of the low alloy ferritic steels T/P23 e T/P24 when welded with different welding energy, preheat temperatures and base metal thickness. It was used a model based at heat transfer equation that apply the finite volume numerical method and implemented in a computational code in FORTRAN programming language. It was aimed at this work the numerical simulation of the effects of the energy change, base metal thickness and preheating temperature on the cooling curve during continuous cooling transformation of these steels. It was simulated a situation where a single weld fillet was deposited on plates of the investigated steels by the GMAW process. A heat source model based on Goldak`s double-ellipsoid power density distribution was utilized in order to get a good approximation of the weld penetration and cooling rate. The results obtained had a good qualitative agreement with the literature.
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Pineda, Van L. "Regulation of the human asparagine synthetase, p21, and p27 genes by amino acid deprivation." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001259.
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Saleh, Marwan. "Étude mathématique et numérique des méthodes de réduction dimensionnelle de type POD et PGD." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS004/document.
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Ce mémoire de thèse est formé de quatre chapitres. Un premier chapitre présente les différentes notions et outils mathématiques utilisés dans le corps de la thèse ainsi qu’une description des résultats principaux que nous avons obtenus. Le second chapitre présente une généralisation d’un résultat obtenu par Rousselet-Chénais en 1990 qui décrit la sensibilité des sous-espaces propres d’opérateurs compacts auto-adjoints. Rousselet-Chénais se sont limités aux sous-espaces propres de dimension 1 et nous avons étendu leur résultat aux dimensions supérieures. Nous avons appliqué nos résultats à la Décomposition par Projection Orthogonale (POD) dans le cas de variation paramétrique, temporelle ou spatiale (Gappy-POD). Le troisième chapitre traite de l’estimation du flot optique avec des énergies quadratiques ou linéaires à l’infini. On montre des résultats mathématiques de convergence de la méthode de Décomposition Progressive Généralisée (PGD) dans le cas des énergies quadratiques. Notre démonstration est basée sur la décomposition de Brézis-Lieb via la convergence presque-partout de la suite gradient PGD. Une étude numérique détaillée est faite sur différents type d’images : sur les équations de transport de scalaire passif, dont le champ de déplacement est solution des équations de Navier-Stokes. Ces équations présentent un défi pour l’estimation du flot optique à cause du faible gradient dans plusieurs régions de l’image. Nous avons appliqué notre méthode aux séquences d’images IRM pour l’estimation du mouvement des organes abdominaux. La PGD a présenté une supériorité à la fois au niveau du temps de calcul (même en 2D) et au niveau de la représentation correcte des mouvements estimés. La diffusion locale des méthodes classiques (Horn & Schunck, par exemple) ralentit leur convergence contrairement à la PGD qui est une méthode plus globale par nature. Le dernier chapitre traite de l’application de la méthode PGD dans le cas d’équations elliptiques variationnelles dont l’énergie présente tous les défis aux méthodes variationnelles classiques : manque de convexité, manque de coercivité et manque du caractère borné de l’énergie. Nous démontrons des résultats de convergence, pour la topologie faible, des suites PGD (lorsqu’elles sont bien définies) vers deux solutions extrémales sur la variété de Nehari. Plusieurs questions mathématiques concernant la PGD restent ouvertes dans ce chapitre. Ces questions font partie de nos perspectives de rechercheThis thesis is formed of four chapters. The first one presents the mathematical notions and tools used in this thesis and gives a description of the main results obtained within. The second chapter presents our generalization of a result obtained by Rousselet-Chenais in 1990 which describes the sensitivity of eigensubspaces for self-adjoint compact operators. Rousselet-Chenais were limited to sensitivity for specific subspaces of dimension 1, we have extended their result to higher dimensions. We applied our results to the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in the case of parametric, temporal and spatial variations (Gappy- POD). The third chapter discusses the optical flow estimate with quadratic or linear energies at infinity. Mathematical results of convergence are shown for the method Progressive Generalized Decomposition (PGD) in the case of quadratic energies. Our proof is based on the decomposition of Brézis-lieb via the convergence almost everywhere of the PGD sequence gradients. A detailed numerical study is made on different types of images : on the passive scalar transport equations, whose displacement fields are solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations present a challenge for optical flow estimates because of the presence of low gradient regions in the image. We applied our method to the MRI image sequences to estimate the movement of the abdominal organs. PGD presented a superiority in both computing time level (even in 2D) and accuracy representation of the estimated motion. The local diffusion of standard methods (Horn Schunck, for example) limits the convergence rate, in contrast to the PGD which is a more global approach by construction. The last chapter deals with the application of PGD method in the case of variational elliptic equations whose energy present all challenges to classical variational methods : lack of convexity, lack of coercivity and lack of boundedness. We prove convergence results for the weak topology, the PGD sequences converge (when they are well defined) to two extremal solutions on the Nehari manifold. Several mathematical questions about PGD remain open in this chapter. These questions are part of our research perspectives
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Kong, Qiongman. "Regulations and functions of P2Y₂ and P2X₇ nucleotide receptors in the central nervous system." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4847.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 19, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lossaint, Gérald. "Mécanismes orchestrant la sortie du cycle cellulaire opérant en G2." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20040/document.
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La dérégulation du système de surveillance qui bloque la prolifération lorsque l'intégrité du génome est compromise fait partie intégrante de la cancérogenèse. Nous cherchons à décortiquer les mécanismes qui, en phase G2, orchestrent l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire, irréversible, en présence des lésions de l'ADN (sénescence) ou réversible (quiescence), en absence de signaux mitogéniques ou confluence. L'objectif du premier volet fut d'élucider les rôles respectifs de l'inhibiteur de CDK (CKI) p21Waf1 et des kinases Chk1 et Chk2 dans l'arrêt en G2 dû au stress génotoxique menant à la sénescence. Nous avons montré que dans les cellules humaines normales cet arrêt nécessite l'action de p21 et Chk1 tandis que Chk2 n'est pas requise. Au contraire, dans plusieurs lignées cancéreuses, malgré la présence de p53, ce rôle de p21 est compromis à cause d'une activation inefficace de la kinase ATM. Par conséquent, en dépit d'une forte activation de Chk1 bloquant la mitose, ces cellules ne parviennent pas à initier la sénescence (Lossaint et al., soumis). L'objectif du deuxième volet fut de mettre en évidence le programme déclenchant la quiescence lors de confluence ou en absence de sérum. Les travaux antérieurs de l'équipe ont montré que cette décision pouvait être prise avant la mitose même si l'arrêt du cycle n'a lieu qu'en phase G1 suivante. En étudiant les fibroblastes synchronisés nous avons trouvé que la quiescence est précédée par l'inhibition pré-mitotique de la phosphorylation de pRb due à une diminution de cycline D1 et une stabilisation du CKI p27Kip1 (Chassot et al., 2008). De plus, nos résultats récents montrent que la présence de sérum entre le point R et la mitose est requise pour initier la réplication de l'ADN au cycle suivant. Les travaux futurs devraient élucider comment différentes voies de signalisation, via la voie cycline D-pRb, affectent divers composants de l'appareil de réplication de l'ADN pour inhiber la progression du cycle de façon réversible ou irréversibleCancer is a multi-step process resulting from abrogation of several barriers to uncontrolled proliferation. They include inhibitory pathways with appropriate checkpoints that lead to reversible (quiescence) or irreversible (senescence, apoptosis) block of cell proliferation. We are especially interested in pathways orchestrating cell cycle exit that operate in the G2 phase. The first objective of this thesis was to decipher mechanisms that prevent mitosis in response to DNA damage. We found that Cdk inhibitor p21Waf1 plays a crucial role in blocking mitotic onset in normal cells; acting in tandem with checkpoint kinase Chk1, p21 inactivates mitotic Cdks and inhibits pRb phosphorylation, thereby irreversibly blocking mitotic entry. In contrast, in p53-proficient transformed cells, the induction of p21 in G2 is impaired, most likely because of deficient ATM activation. While, in some cases, Chk1 hyper-activation prevents mitosis, the absence of p21 compromises the senescence program from G2. Finally, we showed that Chk2 is dispensable for G2 arrest in both non-transformed and transformed cells (Lossaint et al., submitted). Our second objective was to elucidate the pathways that induce quiescence (G0). This reversible cell cycle exit occurs in G1, requires pRb family members and p27Kip1-dependent Cdk inactivation. Based on observations obtained in our team and the data in the literature, we hypothesized that reversible cell cycle exit program might be launched before mitosis. By using an in vitro wounding model, we showed that confluence-driven quiescence is preceded by pre-mitotic CDK inhibition by p27, cyclin D1 downregulation and reduced pre-mitotic pRb phosphorylation (Chassot et al., 2008). Moreover, our results obtained in synchronized fibroblasts that were serum-starved after release from G1/S block suggest that cyclin D1 might stimulate proliferation by keeping pocket proteins phosphorylated during G2/M progression (Lossaint et al., in preparation)
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Vick, Jonathan. "The Contribution of Purinergic P2X and P2Y Receptors to the Excitability of Mouse Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/283.
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Olfaction, the sense of smell, allows animals to perceive the multitude of volatile and nonvolatile molecules present in the environment. In many mammals, such as mice and rats, there are four unique chemosensory organs including the (1) main olfactory epithelium (MOE), (2) septal organ, (3) Grüneberg ganglion, and (4) vomeronasal organ (VNO). While the VNO detects some general volatile odorants, it is further specialized for the detection of behaviorally relevant nonvolatile odorants or pheromones. In rodents, the VNO is encased within a bony capsule and located at the base of the nasal cavity. Odorants are detected by vomeronasal sensory neuron (VSN)s, bipolar neurons with a single axon that projects to the accessory olfactory bulb of the brain and a single dendrite capped with microvilli that project into the lumen of the VNO. In the MOE, purinergic signaling through adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) gated ionotropic P2X and G-protein coupled P2Y receptors contributes a neuroprotective and neuroregenerative pathway. As virtually nothing was known about purinergic signaling in the VNO, I set out to characterize the (1) presence of the purinergic receptors and (2) ATP release pathways. In isolated VSNs, ATP elicited an increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]I) and an inward current with similar potency. Adenosine and the P2Y receptor agonists adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) were ineffective. The increase in [Ca2+]I was dependent upon extracellular calcium and the inward current elicited by ATP was partially blocked by the P2X receptor antagonists pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonate (PPADS) and 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP). When coapplied with the natural stimulus dilute urine, ATP increased the inward current above that elicited by either dilute urine or ATP alone. Furthermore, ADP hyperpolarized the voltage dependence of steady state inactivation of voltage activated sodium current (INa) in a subset of VSNs. The hyperpolarization in the voltage dependence of steady state inactivation elicited by ADP was blocked in the presence of suramin, a purinergic receptor antagonist, but similar to that produced by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a membrane permeable protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Neither ATP nor ADP affected the voltage dependence of activation, fast inactivation, or time dependent recovery from inactivation. Interestingly, ADP reversibly increased spike frequency but did not change an action potential's amplitude, latency, halfwidth, or threshold voltage. Accordingly, we detected gene expression of the P2X1 and 3 as well as P2Y1, 2, and 6 receptors in the VNO and localized the P2Y1 and 2 receptors to isolated VSNs. Thus, excitability in VSNs can be enhanced by (1) ATP eliciting an inward current through P2X receptors and (2) ADP decreasing spike adaptation during persistent firing presumably through P2Y receptors. Moreover, one possible source of ATP may be from mechanical stimulation of the VNO that accompanies vasomotor pump activation.
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Ellis, Cameron B. "Tribopairs in Wellbore Drilling: A Study of PCD Tilting Pad Bearings in an Electric Submersible Pump." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7233.
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A polycrystalline diamond was tested as a bearing material for a tilting pad thrust bearing to be used in an electric submersible pump, which elevates process fluids from the bottom of well bores. The goal of this study was to compare the PCD to a current best of technology, which is stainless steel with an engineering polymer.This study found that PCD can handle larger loads than current technology but is limited in size due to diamond sintering and manufacturing constraints. The maximum size is Ø75mm.
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Perez, Madrigal Diana. "The role of ERK5 in cell proliferation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-erk5-in-cell-proliferation(ee569cda-581d-4698-80c0-84f15fe88f53).html.
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The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as big mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 1 (BMK1), is a non-redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) implicated in mediating the response of cells to mitogens, oxidative and osmotic stresses. The molecular complexity of the ERK5 cascade has been mostly delineated by over-expression studies. For example, like other MAPKs, ERK5 activity increases upon phosphorylation by a MAPK/ERK kinase, namely MEK5. However, the physiological role of ERK5 is not rigorously established by these data. Furthermore, in comparison to the other members of the family, little is known about the downstream targets of ERK5. This constitutes an obstacle for the molecular understanding of the signalling mechanisms that account for the effect of ERK5 activation in vivo. To clarify these issues, I have tested the effect of the conditional loss of ERK5 in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). My results indicate that ERK5 is required for the proliferation of MEFs, at least in part, by promoting the entry into S phase of the cell cycle. ERK5 suppressed the expression of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p21 and p27. As a result, low-level CDK2 activity detected in ERK5-deficient MEFs correlated with hypo-phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and with a defect in G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. ERK5 blocks p21 expression by decreasing the stability of the p21 transcript. This process might, at least partially, involve a mechanism implicating c-Myc-induced transcriptional up-regulation of the miR-17-92 cluster. Concerning p27, ERK5 decreases p27 protein stability. The stabilisation of p27 in the absence of ERK5 resulted in the accumulation of the protein in the nucleus. To examine the relevance of my findings in cancer, I tested the effect of pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA- MB-231, using XMD8-92, a novel potent and selective inhibitor of ERK5. My results show that these cells are dependent on ERK5 to proliferate. Furthermore, I found that incubation of MDA- MB-231 cells with XMD8-92 compromised their ability to invade. In both breast cancer cell lines, ERK5 down-regulates p21 and p27 expression. Together with evidence that cancer patients with poor prognosis display a high-level of expression of components of the ERK5 signalling pathway, these findings support the hypothesis that ERK5 can be a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Davies, Susan Jeanette. "Identification of genes involved in craniofacial development and disrupted in a patient with t(6;9)(p24 p23)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408916.
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Zgrebňák, Michal. "Využití systému Raspberry PI pro řízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377000.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is to verify the practical applicability of the Raspberry Pi platform in control applications. The work consists of choosing a suitable operating system and implementing a discrete PID algorithm. An important part of the work was the Linux OS modification and compilation. Measurement has demonstrated the usability of the platform in control applications. The result of this work is a discreet PID controller implemented as a Linux kernel module. The solution also includes a web interface as a human-machine interface.
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Vilardell, Villellas Felip. "Avaluació de la utilitat com a marcadors pronòstics en càncer colorectal de P53, P21, P27 i ciclina E." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/868.
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INTRODUCCIÓ: Des de 1989, un ampli cos de literatura s'ha ocupat dels aspectes biològics i alteracions de p53, romanent encara un cert grau de controvèrsia pel que fa al valor com a factor pronòstic en càncer colorectal, de l'estudi d'aquesta proteïna. P21 i p27, inhibidors de CDKs, han estat també objecte de diverses publicacions referents al seu valor com a factors pronòstics al llarg de la passada dècada, amb conclusions igualment diverses. Ciclina E, cofactor de CDK2 durant la fase G1 del cicle, es troba expressada a uns nivells molt superiors als fisiològics en molts tumors, però la seva expressió en còlon s'ha associat més aviat a estats d'infiltració incipient que no pas a estadis avançats. El seu valor com a factor pronòstic és, novament, motiu de controvèrsia.HIPÒTESI: L'estudi d'algunes proteïnes reguladores del cicle cel.lular en càncer colorectal, ha d'aportar informació pronòstica complementària a l'estadi de Dukes.
OBJECTIUS: Identificació de perfils fenotípics en l'adenocarcinoma colorectal que puguin aportar informació pronòstica suplementària a l'estudi anàtomo-patològic habitual, mitjançant l'anàlisi integrat de mutacions de p53, del polimorfisme AA 72 Arg/Pro de p53, i d'expressió de p53, p21, p27 i ciclina E.
MATERIAL I MÈTODES: Sèrie consecutiva de 185 adenocarcinomes colorectals ressecats electivament. Anàlisi mutacional del exons 5-8 de p53 mitjançant PCR-SSCP i seqüenciació, i del polimorfisme Arg/Pro 72 de p53 mitjançant PCR- SSCP. Anàlisi mitjançant immunohistoquímica (IHQ) sobre seccions parafinades, de sobreexpressió de p53 i d'expressió de p21, p27 i ciclina E. Repetició de la IHQ de p21 i p27 en un array tissular.RESULTATS. Major freqüència de mutacions de p53 en els tumors GG (arg72) que en els CC (pro72) o GC. Les mutacions de p53 localitzades en L3 i LSH es van associar a pitjor supervivència global(p = 0.04; ajustada per Dukes < 0.01). La sobreexpressió IHQ de p53 va correlacionar amb l'estadi de Dukes, però no amb supervivència. Els tumors amb mutacions de p53 inhibidores de p73 van mostrar en l'anàlisi multivariant una pitjor supervivència global que els tumors amb altres mutacions (p= 0.04). En el grup de tumors GG, els carcinomes amb aquestes mutacions van tendir a una pitjor supervivència global (p= 0.08). Dins del grup de tumors GG, aquells amb mutació en L3 i LSH van mostrar al ajustar per Dukes, pitjor supervivència global que els tumors amb p53 salvatge o amb altres mutacions (p= 0.005). Aquesta correlació no es va observar dins el grup GC-CC.
L'expressió IHQ de p21 es va associar a millor supervivència. També es va associar a millor supervivència lliure de malaltia en el grup de pacients que havien rebut tractament amb quimioteràpia. Els carcinomes amb mutació hot spot en L3 i LSH de p53 i pèrdua d'expressió p21 van mostrar pitjor supervivència global, fins i tot ajustant per Dukes. L'expressió de p27 va correlacionar amb millor supervivència global però de manera dependent a l'estadi de Dukes.
Els carcinomes amb alt percentatge d'expressió de ciclina E van mostrar inesperadament, millor supervivència global. A més, els carcinomes amb expressió dèbil de ciclina E en més d'un 12% de nuclis van mostrar millor supervivència que aquells amb expressió nul.la o molt intensa d'aquesta proteïna.
Finalment, en una sèrie de 146 adenocarcinomes curativament ressecats, l'anàlisi dels codons 245, 248, 273 i 282 de p53, i l'anàlisi IHQ de p21, es van mostrar com uns bons marcadors de supervivència global.
CONCLUSIONS: En càncer colorectal, l'anàlisi dels codons 245, 248, 273 i 282 de p53, aporta informació pronòstica sobre supervivència global independent de l'estadi de Dukes.L'estudi de p21 mitjançant IHQ en carcinomes colorectals completament ressecats, és un mètode d'anàlisi senzill i econòmic, amb valor pronòstic independent de l'estadi de Dukes, i podria ser utilitzat en la pràctica assistencial.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN COLORECTAL CANCER OF P53, P21, P27 AND CYCLIN E.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The value as prognostic markers in colorectal cancer of p53, p21, p27 and cyclin E still remains controversial.
HIPOTHESIS: The study of some proteins that regulate the cell cycle should give prognostic information, complementary to the Dukes' stage.
AIMS: To identify phenotypical profiles in the colorectal adenocarcinoma which could give prognostic information complementary to the usual pathological study, by means of an integral analysis of p53, with assessment of mutations, protein overexpression and the AA 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism of p53, and expression analysis of p21, p27 and cyclin E.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 185 colorectal cancers electively extirpated. Mutational analysis of the exons 5-8 of p53 by means of PCR-SSCP and sequencing and of the 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism by PCR-SSCP. Expression analysis by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole paraffin sections of p53, p21, p27 and cyclin E. Repetition of the IHC analysis of p21 and p27 on tissue-array sections.
RESULTS: It was observed a greater frequency of p53 mutations in GG tumours (Arg 72) than in CC or GC tumours. The mutations of p53 located at the L3 loop and the LS -helix motif was associated to a clear worse overall survival (p<0.01 adjusted by Dukes).
P53 overexpression assessed by means of IHC correlated with Dukes'stage but not with survival.
The tumours with mutations of p53 which inhibit p73 showed, at the multivariant analysis, a worse overall survival than the tumours with other p53 mutations (p= 0.04). Among the GG tumours, those with these mutations of p53 tended to a worse overall survival (p= 0.08). Also, in the group of GG tumours, those with p53 mutations at L3 and LSH showed, adjusting by Dukes, a worse overall survival than the tumours with other p53 mutations or wild type protein.P27 expression correlated with a better overall survival but in a depending mode with the Dukes'stage.
Finally, in a series of 146 curatively extirpated tumours, the analysis of the codons 245, 248, 273 and 282, and the analysis of p21 expression by means of IHC showed to be good prognostic markers for overall survival.
CONCLUSIONS: In colorectal cancer, the study of the codons 245, 248, 273 and 282 of p53, and the analysis of p21 expression, give prognostic information about overall survival independently of the Dukes'stage.
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Stock, Maria José de Souza Dias Fernández. "Elites, facções e conflito intra-partidário: o PPD/PSD e o processo político portugês de 1974 a 1985." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12351.
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"Sem resumo feito pelo autor" - De restauração das liberdades democráticas, possibilitada em Portugal a partir de Abril de 1974 e de inerente complexidade de que se revestiria, entre nós, a vida política, haveria de resultar, entre muitos outros processos, a constituição de partidos políticos.
0 facto de a dinâmica desencadeada pelo processo do 25 de Abril de 1974 ter proporcionado uma efectiva transformação das estruturas de clivagem de sociedade portuguesa e, consequentemente o uma canalização das mesmas através das novas vias que se apresentaram na cena política nacional - entre outras, e porque particularmente relevantes, os partidos políticos - poder-nos-ia levar a concluir que estes consistem num mero reflexo das divisões existentes na sociedade. Não cremos porém que exista uma correspondência unívoca entra as estruturas partidárias a as clivagens presentes na estrutura social.
Evitando, assim logo à partida, qualquer pretensão de carácter sociologista que tudo reduza à sociedade, temos para nós que o sistema político detém uma certa autonomia relativamente ao sistema social mais lato, desenvolvendo-se no seu seio condições exclusivamente políticas, as quais, por sua vez, determinam e são determinadas pela especialização das respectivas estruturas.
Quando, como e sob que circunstâncias essas condições impostas dentro do terreno especificamente político podem vir a afectar o relacionamento e a mobilização do sistema de partidos, e vice-versa, são pois questões para as quais se torna necessário encontrar respostas.
Ao considerarmos que as controvérsias sócio-políticas, não derivam apenas de motivações presentes na sociedade, surge de imediato a questão de saber que outro tipo de factores tem possibilidade de as produzir, de gerar conflitos entre os partidos políticos e dentro de cada um deles. Seria este último aspecto a merecer especialmente o nosso interesse.
A análise do conflito intra-partidário, das razões que
estão na sua génese e no seu desenvolvimento, das motivações que levam à constituição de conflitos internos em momentos precisos e em torno de temas específicos, da forma como tal se processe e de quais os agentes desses antagonismos será, pois, o objectivo deste dissertação.
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Bollu, Lakshmi Reddy. "The Effect of Endothelin-1 on the expression of CDK Inhibitors p21 & p27 in Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/112.
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Mammalian corneal endothelial cells are considered to be non-proliferative due to the arrest of cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the down regulation of cyclin dependant kinase inhibitors (p21cip1 and p27kip1) levels by Endothelin-1 (ET-1), would overcome the G1 phase arrest and promote cell cycle progression and proliferation in cultured BCECs (Bovine corneal endothelial cells). BCECs were isolated from bovine corneas and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% serum. 5-Bromo 2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) incorporation was determined in serum starved cultures in 24-well plates as a measure of cell proliferation. Confluent serum starved cells grown in T-25 flasks were treated with 100nM Endothelin-1 in DMEM. The control cells were left untreated in serum free medium. Total cellular protein was isolated using RIPA buffer and quantified according to the Peterson modification of the Lowry method. The level of expression of p21cip1 and p27kip1 proteins relative to β-actin was determined by western blotting technique. Immuno fluorescent localization of p27kip1 was performed using polyclonal anti-p27kip1 and anti-p21cip1 antibodies in confluent and growing cells. An increase in cell proliferation was observed in sub-confluent cultures with Endothelin-1 treatment. This evidence was supported by an increase (~18%) in BrdU incorporation in response to Endothelin-1. Densitometry analysis of immunoblots revealed an increase in the expression of p27kip1 in confluent cell cultures when compared to sub-confluent, dividing cells. p21cip1 was almost undetectable in sub-confluent, actively dividing cultures. Immuno fluorescent analysis revealed that the nuclear staining of p27kip1 was apparently decreased with ET-1 treatment. In conclusion, Endothelin-1 treatment resulted in decrease in p27kip1 and p21cip1 expression in confluent cultures that was greatest at 30 hr of post incubation with Endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 appears to promote cell proliferation. Expression of p27kip1 and p21cip1 was greatly reduced in actively dividing BCECs. Endothelin-1 treatment down-regulated these cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors and may promote cell cycle progression via this mechanism.
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Wißner, Thomas Friedrich [Verfasser], and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter. "Bewertung der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) und Pränataldiagnostik (PND) durch Humangenetiker und Reproduktionsmediziner, Gynäkologen in Deutschland / Thomas Wißner. Betreuer: G. Richter." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021498920/34.
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Tadi, Bhaskar Vijay Kumar Reddy. "Ultrasound hardware setup for CMP pad characterization." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000340.
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Stövesand, Kirsten [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen des Expressionsprofils der Cyclin-abhängigen Cyclinkinase-Inhibitoren p21 CIP1/WAF1 und p27 KIP1 in spontanen Mammatumoren beim Hund / Kirsten Stövesand." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022707167/34.
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L'Ériger, Karine. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du récepteur P2X[indice inférieur 7] et son rôle dans le trafic membranaire du transporteur à glucose Glut2 dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4034.
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Le récepteur ionotropique P2X[indice inférieur 7] (P2X[indice inférieur 7]R) est impliqué dans divers rôles physiologiques tels la prolifération, l'apoptose, la réponse inflammatoire et le trafic membranaire dans plusieurs types cellulaires. Cependant, peu est connu quant aux rôles physiologiques du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales (CEIs). Dans la littérature scientifique, le P2X[indice inférieur 7]R est connu pour activer la protéine kinase Dl (PKD1/PKC[mu]) qui est impliquée dans le transport des protéines membranaires. Comme l'un des rôles physiologiques majeurs des CEIs est le transport et l'absorption du glucose, le transporteur à glucose de type 2 (Glut2) a été ciblé afin d'étudier son transport membranaire suite à l'activation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R. Glut2 est un élément clé dans le métabolisme du glucose par les CEIs. Une hypothèse stipulant que le P2X[indice inférieur 7]R serait impliqué dans le trafic membranaire de Glut2 par une voie dépendante de la PKD1/PKC[mu] a été émise. Les objectifs majeurs de l'étude étaient de déterminer le profil d'expression du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R selon le stade de différenciation des CEIs, d'élucider les mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'expression du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R, d'étudier la signalisation intracellulaire affectant l'expression membranaire de Glut2 induite par l'activation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R. D'abord, le profil d'expression du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R en fonction de la différenciation des CEIs a été déterminé par immunofluorescence indirecte sur des sections de jéjunum de souris normales et par immunobuvardage de type western sur des lysats de cellules Caco-2/15 prolifératives et différenciées. Ensuite, la signalisation induite par l'activation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R a été étudiée en stimulant des cellules IEC-6 avec de l'ATP ou du BzATP, deux agonistes du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R, et en prétraitant les cellules avec de l'oATP, un antagoniste du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R. Différents inhibiteurs pharmacologiques tels le UO126 (MEK1/2) et la rottlerine (PKC[delta]) ont été utilisés pour déterminer l'ordre des protéines dans les voies de signalisation. Également, différents chélateurs de calcium, comme le BAPTA-AM et l'EGTA, ont été utilisés pour étudier la dépendance des voies trouvées au calcium. L'expression de Glut2 à la membrane plasmique suite à la stimulation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R a été étudiée par immunofluorescence indirecte et par biotinylation des protéines membranaires de surface. Finalement, la régulation transcriptionnelle du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R dans les cellules HEK 293T et Caco-2/15 a été étudiée par des essais luciférase qui permettent de visualiser l'interaction entre le promoteur du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R et des facteurs de transcription cibles comme Cdx-2, GATA-4, HNF-4[alpha], C/EBP[alpha] et C/EBP[bêta]. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l'expression du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R augmente en fonction de l'état de différenciation des cellules Caco-2/15, ce qui coïncide avec sa localisation dans les deux tiers supérieurs de la villosité de jéjunum de souris normales. Aussi, l'activation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R amène une augmentation de la phosphorylation des protéines PKD1/PKC[mu], PKC[delta], ERK1/2, MEK1/2, SAPK/JNK, p90RSK et CREB. Également, la PKC[delta] est en amont des protéines MEK1/2 et ERK1/2 qui elles-mêmes sont en amont de la PKD1/PKC[mu]. Cette voie PKC[delta]/MEK/ERK/PKD est également indépendante du calcium extracellulaire et intracellulaire. Aussi, il y a internalisation et diminution de l'expression membranaire de Glut2 suite à l'activation du P2X[indice inférieur 7]R par le BzATP. Finalement, le P2X[indice inférieur 7]R est régulé au niveau transcriptionnel par les facteurs de transcription HNF-4[alpha], C/EBP[alpha] et C/EBP[bêta] mais pas par Cdx-2 et GATA-4. En résumé, les résultats démontrent que le P2X[indice inférieur 7]R est impliqué dans l'internalisation et la diminution de l'expression membranaire de Glut2 par un mécanisme qui semble dépendant de la voie PKC[delta]/MEK/ERK/PKD calcium-indépendante.
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Chen, Xiaowei. "Involvement of purinergic P2X and P2Y2 receptors in urinary bladder sensation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/343.
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Interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a functional visceral disorder characterized by increased bladder activity and chronic pelvic pain in the absence of a pathobiological condition. Enhanced sensory transduction of peripheral bladder afferents is hypothesized to contribute to the pain and mechanical hypersensitivity of IC/PBS patients. The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that purinergic receptors, including ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y, are important for sensory transmission in bladder afferent neurons and may be involved in bladder hypersensitivity after bladder tissue insults. Electrophysiological, single cell RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques were performed in bladder afferent neurons from naïve and bladder inflamed mice to test the hypothesis.
In Chapter 2, I characterized the distribution and function of P2X receptors in thoracolumbar (TL) and lumbosacral (LS) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons innervating the urinary bladder, and found that LS and TL bladder neurons have differential purinergic signaling and distinct membrane electrical properties. In Chapter 3, I examined the sensitization of bladder afferent neurons and the plasticity of P2X receptor function in a mouse model of chemical induced bladder inflammation. P2X-mediated signals in LS and TL bladder neurons after bladder inflammation were enhanced compared with those in saline-treated controls, suggesting the importance of P2X in bladder hypersensitivity associated with cystitis. In Chapter 4, the modulation of P2Y on P2X function and the co-localization of P2Y and P2X were examined in bladder sensory neurons. It has been found that P2Y2 receptor enhances bladder sensory neuron excitability and facilitates the response of homomeric P2X2 receptor to the purinergic agonist (ATP). The present study provides evidence that LS and TL mouse bladder sensory neurons exhibit distinct P2X signaling, and the function of P2X receptors could be facilitated during bladder inflammation and modulated by activation of P2Y2 receptor, indicating an involvement of P2X and P2Y2 receptors as mechano- and chemosensors in bladder sensory transmission under normal conditions and in bladder hypersensitivity associated with inflammation.
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Mateos-Trigos, Gabriela. "P2 receptors (P2Y₁ and P2Y₁₂) of equine platelets." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620715.
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Lorraine, Ross James. "PhD - Composition." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398867.
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Righi, Rafael da Rosa. "P2P-role." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102583.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 213674.pdf: 574515 bytes, checksum: ccc5d92c656cf13a0230c422fc1fe6bd (MD5)
Os sistemas Peer-to-Peer apresentam uma forma de computação distribuída onde cada participante atua como cliente e servidor de recursos. Entre os principais desafios existentes nesse tipo de computação, estão o desenvolvimento de técnicas para incentivar a colaboração entre os usuários e a proteção dos elementos e informações localizados no ambiente Peer-to-Peer. Este documento define uma arquitetura de controle de acesso baseada em papes específica para as redes Peer-to-Peer e busca, assim, contribuir para a construção de sistemas colaborativos mais robustos e seguros. Também são exploradas as relações entre o controle de acesso e as técnicas utilizadas para estimular a cooperação entre os integrantes da rede Peer-to-Peer. Pretende-se, dessa forma, que a arquitetura de controle de acesso definida também auxilie para minimizar a quantidade de nós que não colaboram com rede e que apenas sugam seus recursos. O protótipo implementado baseia-se nas tecnologias JXTA e P2PSockets e provê meios para que cada nó da rede P2P gerencia a política de segurança de seus recursos.
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López, Lorenzo Ximena. "Mapping the Expression of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in High-Risk Neuroblastoma Cell Lines : Dynamics on Cell-Fate Decisions on Proliferation/Cell Cycle Arrest." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278705.
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Poor prognosis for high-risk neuroblastoma patients makes it necessary to find novel treatmentstrategies. This work aims to understand the cell cycle behavior of various high-riskneuroblastoma cell lines following chemotherapy treatment. Here, we mapped the expressionof cell cycle dependent proteins, p21 and p27, in seven high-risk neuroblastoma celllines. All cell lines showed an overall impaired growth following doxorubicin treatment.However, regrowth was observed in all cell lines between day 6 to 15 by forming colonies.The expression of p21 and p27 was measured in all cell lines showing an upregulationof p21 in 3 out of 5 p53 mutated cell lines while it was downregulated in the 2 cell lineswith a p53 wild type. Furthermore, inhibition assays using inhibitors of CHK1/2, p21 ,andSKP2 were performed. The results were promising as the CHK1/2 inhibitor reduced cellviability in all tested cell lines, while the p21 inhibitor had an effect in 3 out of 6 testedcell lines and the SKP2 inhibitor in 4 out of 6 tested cell lines. Confluency measurementover 15 days showed impaired growth following treatment with the CHK1/2 inhibitor for3 out of 6 tested cell lines and p21 inhibitor in 1 out of 6 tested cell lines. The obtainedresults were encouraging and might aid in finding a novel treatment strategy preventingresistance and relapse in neuroblastoma. However, further studies are needed in order tovalidate the efficacy and safety of these promising drugs in neuroblastoma patients.Dålig prognos för högrisk neuroblastompatienter gör det nödvändigt att hitta nya behandlingsstrategier.Detta arbete syftar till att förstå cellcykelbeteendet hos olika högrisk neuroblastomcellinjerefter kemoterapibehandling. I denna studie kartlades uttrycket av cellcykelberoendeproteinerna, p21 och p27, i sju högrisk neuroblastomcellinjer. Alla cellinjervisade en total nedsatt tillväxt efter doxorubicinbehandling. Återväxt observerades emellertidmellan dag 6 och 15 genom bildandet av kolonier. Uttrycket av p21 och p27 mättesi alla cellinjer. Resultaten visade en uppreglering av p21 i 3 av 5 p53-muterade cellinjermedans det nedreglerades i de två cellinjerna med en p53-vildtyp. Vidare utfördes inhiberingsanalysermed användning av hämmare mot CHK1/2, p21 eller, SKP2. Resultatenär lovande då CHK1/2-hämmaren reducerade cellviabiliteten i alla testade cellinjer, medanp21-hämmaren hade en effekt i 3 av 6 testade cellinjer och SKP2 i 4 av 6 testadecellinjer. Konfluensmätning under 15 dagar visade nedsatt tillväxt efter behandling medCHK1/2-hämmaren för 3 av 6 testade cellinjer och p21-hämmare i 1 av 6 testade cellinjer.De erhållna resultaten är lovande och kan hjälpa till att hitta en ny behandlingsstrategi somförhindrar resistens och återfall i neuroblastom. Ytterligare studier behövs emellertid föratt validera effektiviteten och säkerheten för dessa lovande läkemedel hos neuroblastompatienter.
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Lima, Caroline Rocha de Oliveira. "Classificação morfológico, critérios de malignidade, expressão gênica de C-MYC e imunoistoquímica de C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27 no tumor venéreo transmissível canino." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3258.
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The present concept about carcinogenesis is that normal cells are transformed into tumor by mutations that activate oncogenes, inhibit tumor suppressor genes or trigger genetic instability. However, studies suggest that some neoplastic types can behave like infectious agents and be transmitted from one host to another, similar to what occurs with the canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). The TVT histogenesis is not fully known, because the studies are controversial and do not bring about the results elucidating cell line that characterized the neoplasm. However, research continues in order to elucidate this question and identify the ancestral genetic TVT. Recently, a cytomorphological classification was proposed for the TVT, including plasmacytoid types, linfocitoide and mixed. Nevertheless, many features of the development and behavior of this dogs transmissible neoplasm are still poorly understood. Accordingly, we evaluated the different morphological patterns of the tumor, the macroscopic aspects, the criteria of malignancy, the molecular identification of the tumor, by inserting the element LINE-1 in the C-MYC gene, the immunohistochemical expression of the C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27, and the relationship between the proteins C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27, the block of the cell cycle and apoptosis of tumor cells. The results indicate that the cytological examination allows better characterization of patterns and cytomorphologic criteria of malignancy of TVT compared to histological examination, which can identify the types plasmacytoid, linfocitoide and mixed. It was further observed that the TVT presents morphological peculiarities that may interfere with tumor behavior and response to chemotherapy, especially those related to more aggressive and have been observed in plasmacytoid TVT, cytomorphological most common type of this tumor. The identification of molecular rearrangement LINE-1/C-MYC features specific molecular changes for TVT that may be introduced as supplementary diagnostic method of cancer, especially in highly undifferentiated tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and the relationship between C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 revealed functional abnormalities in these proteins, interfering with biological events in cell cycle control and apoptosis, and may thus contribute to the genesis and neoplastic progression.
O conceito atual sobre carcinogênese refere que células normais se transformam em tumorais por mutações que modificam proto-oncogenes transformando-os em oncogenes, inibem genes supressores tumorais ou que disparam instabilidades genéticas. No entanto, estudos sugerem que alguns tipos neoplásicos podem se comportar como agentes infecciosos e ser transmitidos de um hospedeiro a outro, a exemplo do que ocorre com o tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT). A histogênese do TVT não é totalmente conhecida, pois os estudos são controversos e não trazem resultados elucidativos quanto à linhagem celular que caracterizou a neoplasia. Entretanto, as pesquisas continuam com o objetivo de elucidar essa questão e identificar o ancestral genético do TVT. Recentemente, uma classificação citomorfológica foi proposta para o TVT, incluindo os tipos plasmocitoide, linfocitoide e misto. Apesar disso, muitas características de desenvolvimento e comportamento dessa neoplasia transmissível dos cães ainda são pouco entendidas. Nesse sentido, foram avaliados os diferentes padrões morfológicos do tumor, os aspectos macroscópicos, os critérios de malignidade, a identificação molecular da neoplasia, por meio da inserção do elemento LINE-1 no gene C-MYC, a expressão imunoistoquímica das proteínas C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27, e a relação entre as proteínas C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27, o bloqueio do ciclo celular e a apoptose das células tumorais. Os resultados indicam que o exame citopatológico permite melhor caracterização dos padrões citomorfológicos e critérios de malignidade do TVT em relação ao exame histopatológico, sendo possível identificar os tipos plasmocitoide, linfocitoide e misto. Constatou-se ainda que o TVT apresenta particularidades morfológicas que podem interferir no comportamento tumoral e na resposta à quimioterapia, especialmente aquelas relacionadas à maior agressividade e que foram observadas no TVT plasmocitoide, tipo citomorfológico mais comum da neoplasia. A identificação do rearranjo molecular LINE1/C-MYC caracteriza alteração molecular específica do TVT e pode ser utilizada como método diagnóstico complementar da neoplasia, principalmente em tumores indiferenciados. A análise imunoistoquímica e a relação entre C-MYC, p53, p21 e p27 indicam anormalidades funcionais nessas proteínas, interferindo nos eventos biológicos de controle do ciclo celular e da apoptose, podendo, dessa forma, contribuir nos processos de crescimento e progressão do TVT.
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Rossi, Manuel. "Progettazione e messa in servizio di un impianto sperimentale per il Power to Hydrogen." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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L'impatto e le conseguenze dell’eccessivo sfruttamento di fonti fossili sono ogni giorno più evidenti. Tutti i paesi del Mondo, emergenti o meno, devono prendersi carico del problema ed intervenire drasticamente sulle attuali politiche energetiche ed ambientali. In Italia, sarà attuato il PNRR che destinerà 23,78 Miliardi in: “energia rinnovabile, idrogeno, rete e mobilità sostenibile”. In attesa della disponibilità dei fondi, Aziende private ed Università, si stanno dotando di impianti sperimentali e si stanno specializzando nel Power-to-Hydrogen ovvero la produzione di idrogeno da elettrolisi come nuovo vettore energetico. L’Università di Bologna, tramite il progetto E-CO2, si sta dotando di un sistema sperimentale di produzione, stoccaggio e compressione di idrogeno utilizzabile per caratterizzare le prestazioni di dispositivi quali, per esempio: elettrolizzatori, compressori e/o altri componenti la cui integrazione nell’impianto è finalizzata alla produzione, manipolazione ed utilizzazione dell’idrogeno prodotto da fonti rinnovabili.
L’assemblaggio dell’impianto, il rifacimento del sistema di controllo e l’installazione di tutti i componenti necessari per il funzionamento in sicurezza, nonché la messa in servizio sono stati coordinati ed eseguiti dall’azienda Fores Engineering srl. Questo elaborato espone e riassume le attività seguite in in tale azienda. Gli obiettivi del lavoro di tesi sono stati:
• La comprensione del funzionamento dell’impianto e delle macchine/strumentazione che lo compongono.
• Seguire la progettazione, la costruzione, la messa in servizio dell’impianto e le prime prove sperimentali.
• Dare un forte contributo, anche innovativo, alla progettazione di un sistema di controllo capace di governare l’esercizio dell’impianto in sicurezza. Creando un sistema in grado di manipolare le misure provenienti dal processo rendendole disponibili all’operatore per attività di ricerca.
• L’identificazione dei miglioramenti apportabili all’impianto.
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Jones, Sarah Anne Louise. "Differential expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins and ERK1-2 characterize the proliferative smooth muscle cell phenotype induced by allylamine." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/124.
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Murray, Nicholas Durante. "Nonlinear PID controller." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040653/.
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Boardman, Gregory. "Musical composition : PhD." Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269183.
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Taip, Farah Saleena. "Revisiting PID control." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430928.
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Fretwell, Paul. "PhD in composition." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270604.
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Riddell, Richard Rodford. "PhD by publication." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2012. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1578/.
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This submission provides a commentary on thirteen of Richard Riddell's publications between 1999 and 2010. It explains the professional and policy contexts from the early 1990s onwards, when the author was a senior Local Authority officer, which gave rise to the thinking behind the first phase of his publications. These included the development of a bespoke school improvement process, deeply rooted in the context of the communities served by a school, and involving the development of an urban pedagogy and curricula. The centre piece of this phase was Schools for Our Cities (Riddell, 2003b). Attention then moved for phase 2 of the publications towards the social processes outside school that advantage middle class children within it. Research for this phase identified a managed model of social reproduction being operated by middle class families with children at independent schools, and an independent school/prestigious university nexus. Policy interventions of the 2000s might have begun to create analogous kinds of social processes for working class children, but they are no longer in place. The central piece for phase 2 was Aspiration, Identity and Self-Belief (Riddell, 2010).
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Bordon, Mario Eduardo. "Controlador PID microprocessado." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261561.
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Orientador: Oseas Avilez FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, FAculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: o uso de controladores digitais tem se tornado cada vez mais abrangente em se tratando de controle de processos industriais. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um controlador PID digital simples, robusto, eficiente e que procura atender à faixa de controladores de uso geral. A partir dos estudos realizados chegou-se a um controlador baseado na arquitetura do microcontrolador 8051, com alto desempenho e processamento simplificado, comprovados através de testes práticos e simulados, utilizando- se simuladores analógicos e digitais de processos eletrônicos, envolvendo baixa e média potência. Uma das principais vantagens observadas neste controlador, é o tamanho reduzido do algorítmo de controle, conferindo ao mesmo características próprias, tais como: tempo de amostragem mínimo de 150 ~s e controle de processos com tempo de resposta igualou superior a 10 ms. o deslocamento automático da faixa de ajuste dos pa~âmetros do controlador em função do tempo de amostragem, é outra característica importante que dá a este controlador a flexibilidade necessária ao controle de processos industriais e de manufatura
Abstract: The use of digital controllers have become embraced when concerning about industrial processes controlo This work presents a simple, robust and efficient PID digital controller that looks for attending a general purpose controllers range. This controller is based on the 8051 micro controllers family's. Practical and simulated tests performed with analog and digital process simulators of low and medium power electronic systems, verify its high performance and simplified processing. One of main advantages observed in this controller is the algorithm small size, which has particular characteristics such as: minimum sampling time of 150 J1S and capability of controlling processes with response time of 10 ms, or higher. Another important feature is the automatic shifting of controller parameters adjusting range, which gives to this controller the necessary flexibility to industrial processes and manufacturing controlo
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Melo, Raquel Alexandra Abrantes. "P2P service exposer." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7811.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresSmart homes were developed to improve inhabitants comfort by integrating electronic devices that perform the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, yard watering, house cleaning, etc. They are equipped with sensors and actuators that rely on P2P networking to share services and resources amongst them. To perform home management, inhabitants want to access their homes, from anywhere in the world using everyday devices, like smartphones. These devices aren’t peers of the network. They are outsiders that use a technology different, accessing the in-house P2P networks through Service Exposers, a special set of peers that expose the services available in the P2P network. Expose the services is challenging, because services in the network are always changing, new services can appear and the existing can change their locations and methods. These peers use a different technology; non-standard and inaccessible by devices like smartphones. For this, a P2P Service Exposer architecture is proposed, that indexes all the services available in the network, expose them to clients in a standardized platform, such as Web Services, and perform translations between the two different technological environments.
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Březina, Matej. "Detekce P2P sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236012.
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This document deals with design, implementation and testing of software system for detecting p2p (peer-to-peer) networks based on combination of BPF prefiltering and POSIX regular expressions packet payload matching with known p2p protocol communications. The proposed detection system includes a database with some rules of most effuse p2p protocols in format resembling to definitions for L7-filter classifier. The application is implemented in C, runs in userspace and is targeted to all POSIX compatible platforms. The combination of detector with user attached QoS controlling is complete solution for traffic reduction of common p2p protocols.
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Černá, Tereza. "Město pod hvězdami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401806.
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The aim of my thesis is to find and insert a new function to the city of Sumperk in a way as sensitive as possible to the city environment, based on its needs and was beneficial not only for the city itself but also for the bigger region.
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Bednall, David Neil. "PhD in Composition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684646.
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The theme of the works in this portfolio is the creation of an original and distinctive personal language through the use of traditional methods of composition and means of performance. The works have therefore had to rely on their musical argument alone. There is a common strand running through the three works, which is the use of the organ as an essential part of the ensemble. This instrument is used in a variety of guises across the works, including as a largely accompanimental force, as part of an ensemble, and as a 'sound source'. The works show a variety of approaches to structure, including pure musical structure along traditional lines, dramatic structure in accordance with textural considerations, and a more rhapsodic approach to structure in which the piece must achieve its argument through use of the material and the strength of each musical moment. The works are as follows: Trio for Clarinet, Bassoon and Organ - a large-scale suite in three movements; Welcome All Wonders - A Christmas Cantata - a 78-minute work scored for Choir, Trumpet, and Organ; The Phoenix - a rhapsodic work for violin and organ, which features a much freer approach to ensemble, necessitated by considerations of instrumental placing. Within the parameters of conventional instrumental use, I have explored issues of harmony, rhythm, form, and layering, and worked on aspects of drama and musical narrative. Contents: v.1. Composition portfolio (Trio for bassoon, clarinet and organ, Welcome all wonders : a Christmas cantata, The pheonix) -- v.2. composition commentary.
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Kalodikis, Georgia. "PhD in composition." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539853.
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Novák, Tomáš. "Penzion Pod Hradem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410067.
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The diploma thesis deals with the design of the boarding house located in Lipnice nad Sázavou district of Havlíčkův Brod. The thesis contains complete design documentation for building construction, including assessment in terms of building physics and buildings fire protection. The construction has a U-shaped platform, with two-storey buildings facing each other, connected by a single-storey middle part, where house background is located. We will find here restaurant, kitchen, playroom, wellness, two barrier free rooms, thirteen regular double rooms and eight two-room apartments Construction is brick of sand-lime blocks, insulated by contact thermal insulation system. The ceilings are made of prestressed concrete floor slab. The roof above the two-storey buildings is saddle roof, where the load-bearing structure is formed by a truss. On the single-storey part there is a flat roof, where the supporting structure consists of prestressed concrete floor slab.
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Pelikán, Leoš. "Průmyslový PSD regulátor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219666.
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This master’s thesis deal with principles temperature measurement using resistive temperature sensor PT100 and algorithm design PSD controler. In Work is includ description problems temperature measurement and way evaluation by means of mikrokontroler, which by PWM output controls supplied heat power. Next is here described method realization controls device for heating electric furnace with setup via Ethernet.
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Jones, Clare Alexa. "Molecular pharmacology of P2X{sub4} and P2X{sub6} receptors for ATP." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620195.
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Memon, Ghulam. "On P2P Networks and P2P-Based Content Discovery on the Internet." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17907.
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The Internet has evolved into a medium centered around content: people watch videos on YouTube, share their pictures via Flickr, and use Facebook to keep in touch with their friends. Yet, the only globally deployed service to discover content - i.e., Domain Name System (DNS) - does not discover content at all; it merely translates domain names into locations. The lack of persistent naming, in particular, makes content discovery, instead of domain discovery, challenging. Content Distribution Networks (CDNs), which augment DNSs with location-awareness, also suffer from the same problem of lack of persistent content names. Recently, several infrastructure- level solutions to this problem have emerged, but their fundamental limitation is that they fail to preserve the autonomy of network participants. Specifically, the storage requirements for resolution within each participant may not be proportional to their capacity. Furthermore, these solutions cannot be incrementally deployed. To the best of our knowledge, content discovery services based on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are the only ones that support persistent content names. These services also come with the built-in advantage of scalability and deployability. However, P2P networks have been deployed in the real-world only recently, and their real-world characteristics are not well understood. It is important to understand these real-world characteristics in order to improve the performance and propose new designs by identifying the weaknesses of existing designs. In this dissertation, we first propose a novel, lightweight technique for capturing P2P traffic. Using our captured data, we characterize several aspects of P2P networks and draw conclusions about their weaknesses. Next, we create a botnet to demonstrate the lethality of the weaknesses of P2P networks. Finally, we address the weaknesses of P2P systems to design a P2P-based content discovery service, which resolves the drawbacks of existing content discovery systems and can operate at Internet-scale.
This dissertation includes both previously published/unpublished and co-authored material.
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Palazzi, Emanuele. "Analisi sperimentale e progettazione di cinematismi atti alla movimentazione di devices protesici all’interno di una camera di deposizione pvd." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11563/.
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analisi sperimentale e progettazione di cinematismi atti alla movimentazione di devices protesici all’interno di una camera di deposizione pvd.
descrizione delle tecniche di deposizione PVD attualmente esistenti.
deduzione e progetto ex novo, con l'ausilio di Autodesk Inventor (CAD 3D), di movimentazioni per particolari devices medici dalla geometria complessa all'interno di una speciale camera di deposizione.
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Chatzidrossos, Ilias. "P2P Live Video Streaming." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Communication Networks, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12373.
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The ever increasing demand for video content directed the focus of researchfrom traditional server-based schemes to peer-to-peer systems for videodelivery. In such systems, video data is delivered to the users by utilizing theresources of the users themselves, leading to a potentially scalable solution.Users connect to each other, forming a p2p overlay network on top of theInternet and exchange the video segments among themselves. The performanceof a p2p system is characterized by its capability to deliver the videocontent to all peers without errors and with the smallest possible delay. Thisconstitutes a challenge since peers dynamically join and leave the overlay andalso contribute different amounts of resources to the system.The contribution of this thesis lies in two areas. The first area is theperformance evaluation of the most prominent p2p streaming architectures.We study the streaming quality in multiple-tree-based systems. We derivemodels to evaluate the stability of a multiple tree overlay in dynamic scenariosand the efficiency of the data distribution over the multiple trees. Then, westudy the data propagation in mesh-based overlays. We develop a generalframework for the evaluation of forwarding algorithms in such overlays anduse this framework to evaluate the performance of four different algorithms.The second area of the thesis is a study of streaming in heterogeneous p2poverlays. The streaming quality depends on the aggregate resources that peerscontribute to the system: low average contribution leads to low streamingquality. Therefore, maintaining high streaming quality requires mechanismsthat either prohibit non-contributing peers or encourage contribution. In thisthesis we investigate both approaches. For the former, we derive a model tocapture the evolution of available capacity in an overlay and propose simpleadmission control mechanisms to avoid capacity drainage. For the latter, inour last work, we propose a novel incentive mechanism that maximizes thestreaming quality in an overlay by encouraging highly contributing peers tooffer more of their resources.
QC 20100506
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Bjørnsen, Stig Inge Lea, and Erik Vivhovde Lohne. "Streaming i P2P-nettverk." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-265.
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Realisering av streamingtjenester i P2P-nettverk er en utfordring fordi slike nettverk er preget av dynamikk og stadige endringer i forhold til nodenes tilgjengelighet. Hvis en node som leverer en mediestrøm blir utilgjengelig, vil det oppstå avbrudd i avspillingen hos mottakernoden. Utgangspunktet for denne hovedoppgaven er et ønske om å kunne gjøre streaming med tilfredsstillende tjenestekvalitet til en realitet i P2P-nettverk. Målet er å spesifisere en metode som bidrar til å forbedre den opplevde ressurstilgjengeligheten i slike nettverk.
P2P-systemer kjennetegnes generelt ved at de består av noder på randen av Internett, at samtlige noder bidrar med ressurser og kommuniserer direkte med hverandre og at hver node er en selvstyrende enhet. Det finnes to hovedkategorier P2P-systemer, “ekte” og “hybride”, samt en rekke applikasjonsområder. Streaming innebærer at innholdsleveranse gjøres i sanntid. Sanntidsleveranse krever at data leveres til mottaker i tide og at pakker leveres i rett rekkefølge. I P2P-nettverk, hvor omgivelsene preges av dynamikk og heterogenitet, er dette en stor utfordring. Flere teknikker kan benyttes for å håndtere slike omgivelser, men utfordringene knyttet til tilgjengelighet framstår som uløste og samtidig kritiske med tanke på oppnåelig tjenestekvalitet.
Vårt bidrag i retning av å forbedre den opplevde ressurstilgjengeligheten er en metode som blant annet benytter multinodestreaming som leveranseteknikk. Multinodestreaming innebærer å dele en strøm i flere delstrømmer og hente disse fra forskjellige noder. Delstrømmene kan da flettes ved mottak og spilles av som én strøm. Konsekvensen av at en node blir utilgjengelig vil kun bli kvalitetsdegradering av avspillingen, og ikke totalt avspillingsbrudd. Tilgjengeligheten kan forbedres ytterligere ved å utføre effektiv overtakelse av tapte delstrømmer. Ved å implementere metoden i en prototyp, er det mulig å teste dens funksjon og effekt. Testene viser at kvalitetsdegraderingen på avspillingen, som følge av at en node blir utilgjengelig, kun er midlertidig hvis en annen node kan overta leveransen. Reetablering av en delstrøm kan gjøres på gjennomsnittlig 4,7 sekunder. Enkeltnodestreaming ville til sammenligning medført fullt avspillingsbrudd. Resultatene sannsynliggjør derfor at multinodestreaming kan bidra til å forbedre den opplevde ressurstilgjengeligheten for streamingtjenester i P2P-nettverk.
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Merzky, Alexander. "Einführung in P2P-Netzwerke." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200476.
Full textAbstract:
The types of communication (central, semi-central, peripheral) Specification of the gnutella-protocol (PING, PONG, QUERY, QUERY-HIT, PUSH - packets) The graphical user interface Limewire and its class structureGemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz. Vergleich zentrale, semizentrale und dezentrale Kommunikation, Spezifikation eines P2P-Protokolls des Gnutella-Netzes (PING, PONG, QUERY, QUERY-HIT, PUSH - Pakete) Die graphische Oberflaeche Limewire und deren Struktur
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Hübner, Uwe. "Klassifizierung von P2P-Anwendungen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200694.
Full textAbstract:
Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz.
Grenzen zentralisierter Ansätze, Charakteristika und
Anwendungsgebiete für Peer-to-Peer, Probleme und Herausforderungen