Academic literature on the topic 'P-variate'

Abstract Relationships between performance test traits (growth rate, backfat thickness, loin depth, lean meat percentage, exterior, phenotypic selection index) and longevity traits (length of productive life, number of litters, total number of weaned pigs, number of weaned piglets per year, number of litters per year) in Landrace sows were evaluated using canonical correlation analysis. The data set consisted of 23,012 purebred sows that farrowed from 1994 to 2011 in 161 herds. The first three canonical correlations (0.37, 0.25, 0.07) were highly significant (P<0.0001). Correlations of the first canonical variate with the original measured variables indicated that sows with high values for this variate had lower growth rate (r=-0.31) and loin depth (r=-0.43), greater backfat thickness (r=0.23), as well as being older at birth of their last litter (r=0.98). These sows also had a greater number of litters (r=0.94) and better lifetime efficiency (r=0.61 and r=0.70 for number of weaned piglets per year and number of litters per year, respectively). Canonical loadings for the second canonical function indicate that sows with high values for the second set of variates had high growth rate (r=0.79) and phenotypic selection index (r=0.83), excellent conformation (r=0.62), as well as better efficiency in pig production (r=0.67). The squared multiple correlations show that the first canonical variate of the performance traits is a poor predictor of longevity (0.13) and nearly useless for predicting efficiency traits (0.07). Performance test traits explain 11% of the variance in the variables of longevity and lifetime productivity, whereas dependent variables explain only 3% of the variance in performance test traits. The relationships between performance test data and subsequent lifetime productivity or longevity were significant and unfavourable but low for Polish Landrace population

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we introduce a bi-variate case of a new kind of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \lambda $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-Bernstein-Kantorovich type operator with shifted knots defined by Rahman et al. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b31">31</xref>]. The rate of convergence of the bi-variate operators is obtained in terms of the complete and partial moduli of continuity. Next, we give an error estimate in the approximation of a function in the Lipschitz class and establish a Voronovskaja type theorem. Also, we define the associated GBS(Generalized Boolean Sum) operators and study the degree of approximation of Bögel continuous and Bögel differentiable functions by these operators with the aid of the mixed modulus of smoothness. Finally, we show the rate of convergence of the bi-variate operators and their GBS case for certain functions by illustrative graphics and tables using MATLAB algorithms.</p>

Base on various reports, stated that many teens already trapped in unhealthy reproductive behavior, including sexual behavior before marriage. Based on the survey results Indonesian Family Planning Association (IPPA) East Kalimantan in 2008. Of the 300 adolescents (aged 13-20 years) 12% of respondents claimed to have had sex. This study aims to determine the relationship Attitudes and Patterns of Communication With Parents with Premarital Sex Behavior in High School Students in Private Samarinda in 2010. This study is observational method "Cross Sectional Study". with a total sample of 102 students. Data were obtained from questionnaires answered. The analysis is the analysis of uni-variate and bi-variate with Chi Square Test. Uni- variate analysis of the data obtained from 102 respondents as much as 3% had sex should husband and wife, and 2% had had sex in the past month and 1% had had sex in a last month . Behavior different sexual risk among respondents as many as 17% of respondents which high risk behavior , and only 5% who do not have risky behaviors. Bi-variate analysis showed an association with the attitude of premarital sexual behavior p = 0.028 and no association with the communication patterns of premarital sexual behavior (p = 0061). This study is expected the cooperation between teachers and parents to provide education and knowledge about good reproductive health in order to fortify the attitude and behavior of Private High School Youth in Samarinda

In Pakistan maternal mortality rate is very high as compared to other low incomecountries. Maternal mortality rate in Pakistan 260/100,000 is the highest in South Asia. Indeveloping countries one woman dies in sixteen from pregnancy related diseases. Objective:This study was aimed to explore reproductive health issues of mothers in Faisalabad. StudyDesign: A sample of 200 respondents was obtained from Faisalabad city through multistagesampling technique. Period: 2013-2014 Setting Area: Urban Area of district Faisalabad Materialand Method: Uni-variate (frequency distribution and percentage) and Bi-variate analysis (Chisquare and Gamma Statistics) was carried out. Results: It was found that antenatal andpostnatal care utilization services were poor. Majority of the respondents 79% got at least oneantenatal care service but only more than one third 34% got the four recommended checkupduring pregnancy. It was also investigated that only 60% women got postnatal visits andonly 18% deliveries took place at homes. Two third of the respondents 66% had the positiveattitude towards the contraceptive methods for birth spacing. The bi-variate analysis shows thatage (p=.003), education (p=.013), income (p=.001), type of family (p=.002) were significantlyassociated with the positive attitude towards the contraceptive for birth spacing.Conclusion:It is suggested that mothers should be aware of the importance of antenatal and postnatalrecommended visits to overcome the reproductive health issues through LHW’s visits massmedia compaigns and easy assess towards the health care centers.

Abstract Background Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) presenting in accelerated phase (AP) is uncommon and there are few data on predictive co-variates for outcomes of tyrosine kinase-inhibitor (TKI)-therapy. Moreover, it is unknown which outcomes of TKI-therapy in these persons correlate with European LeukemiaNet (ELN) definitions of warning and failure which were developed in people in chronic phase or whether imatinib and 2 nd generation tyrosine kinase-inhibitors (TKIs) are equally effective. Objective Identify co-variates correlated with outcomes of TKI-therapy in persons with CML presenting in AP diagnosed by MD Anderson or World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and develop a predictive score. Determine which outcomes correlate with ELN criteria of warning and failure. Compare outcomes of initial therapy with imatinib versus 2 nd-generation TKIs. Methods We interrogated data from 312 and 334 consecutive subjects with CML presenting in AP and receiving imatinib or a 2 nd-generation TKI as initial therapy. Diagnosis of AP was based on widely-accepted MD Anderson or WHO criteria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory co-variates significantly correlated with outcomes were analyzed in a Cox multi-variable regression model. Propensity score matching was done to compare outcomes of initial therapy with imatinib versus a 2 nd generation TKIs. Results In the cohort defined by MD Anderson criteria there were 197 males (63%) with a median age of 41 years (Interquartile Range [IQR], 30 - 54 years). 106 subjects (34%) had ≥ 1 co-morbidities. Median haemoglobin concentration was 99 g/L (range, 40-176 g/L), WBC concentration, 138 x 10E+9/L (range, 3-797 x10E+9/L), platelet concentration, 450 x 10E+9/L (range, 11-4094 x10E+9/L) and percentage blood or bone marrow blasts (whichever was higher), 4% (range, 0-27%). Non-mutually exclusive criteria for classifying subjects as AP included: (1) 15-29% blasts (n = 22, 7%); (2) blood basophils ≥ 20% (n = 184, 59%); (3) platelets < 100 × 10E+9/L unrelated to therapy (n = 31, 10%); (4) clonal evolution (n = 45, 15%); (5) ≥ 2 features (n = 30, 10%). Co-variates associated with failure-free survival (FFS) were haemoglobin concentration < 100 g/L (HR = 1.9; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.1, 3.1; p = 0.014) and blasts > 4.5% (HR = 1.8 [1.1 - 2.9]; p = 0.013). Co-variates associated with progression-free survival (PFS) were platelets < 230 × 10E+9/L (HR = 3.3 [1.7, 6.5]; p < 0.001), blasts > 4.5% (HR = 2.4 [1.3, 4.6]; p = 0.007) and ≥ 1 co-morbidities (HR = 2.4 [1.2, 4.7]; p = 0.010). Co-variates associated with survival were haemoglobin concentration < 100 g/L (HR = 3.3 [1.1, 10.2]; p = 0.04), platelets < 230 × 10E+9/L (HR = 11.4 [3.9, 33.3]; p < 0.001) and ≥ 1 co-morbidities (HR = 6.7 [2.3, 19.5]; p < 0.001). Next, we divided subjects into 4 cohorts: (1) low-risk (no adverse co-variate; n = 49); (2) intermediate-1 risk (1 adverse co-variate; n = 116); (3) intermediate-2 risk (2 adverse co-variates; n = 92); and (4) high-risk (≥ 3 adverse co-variates; n = 47) with significant different probabilities of FFS, PFS and survival (all p-values < 0.001). Using the 2020 ELN criteria for w arning at 3 months was significantly-associated with worse FFS (HR = 3.1 [1.7, 5.7]; p < 0.001). Failure at 3 months was significantly associated with worse PFS (HR = 9.3 [4.3, 18.8]; p < 0.001) and survival (HR = 6.2 [2.0, 19.2]; p = 0.002). In propensity score matching analyses subjects receiving initial therapy with imatinib had lower probabilities of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR; HR = 1.3 [1.0, 1.8]; p = 0.079), major molecular response (MMR; HR = 1.2 [0.8, 1.7; p = 0.386) and molecular response 4.5 (.5; HR = 1.8 [1.1, 3.1]; p = 0.019). However, other endpoints including FFS, PFS and survival were similar for both interventions. Similar results in the subjects diagnosed as AP using the WHO criteria. Conclusions We identify co-variates associated with several outcomes of TKI-therapy in persons presenting in AP CML and used these to develop a prognostic score. We show the 2020 ELN criteria for warning and failure to TKI-therapy developed in persons in chronic phase also operate in subjects diagnosed in AP. Lastly, using propensity score matching we show that whilst some landmarks are achieved more rapidly in persons initially treated with a 2 nd generation TKI, FFS, PFS and survival are similar to those in persons initially treated with imatinib. Our data should help inform physicians treating person with CML presenting in AP. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The titled study is concerned with the dropout of females from secondary schools in District Bajaur due to the economic impediments of the study population. A sample size of 169 respondents was taken possessively by using Sekaran criteria. A cross-sectional study design was developed for the collection of data according to the conceptual framework showing the dependent variable (Nature of Drop out) and independent variable (Economic Impediments). Furthermore,Uni variate and Bi-variate analysis was conducted through the use of SPSS software. After the analysis of data at the Bi-variate level, a highly significant association (P=0.000) was found between the Nature of Drop out and economic indicators(statements) namely the most dominant cause of high drop out ratio was financial problems, money was considered a wastage when it’s spent on female education, money was well spent if sons are getting the education and parents prioritize boy’s education more as compared to their girl child, along with the cultural norms and beliefs constraining females education, as well as parents, believed that religious education is more important than formal education.

Hierarchical cluster (HCA) and canonical correlation (CCA) analyses were employed to explore the multivariate relationships among chemical components (proximate, mineral and lipidic components) of lean beef longissimus dorsii lumborum (LDL) and selected carcass traits of cattle fattened on pasture under tropical conditions (bulls, n = 60; steers, n = 60; from 2.5 to 4.0 years of age, estimated by dentition). The variables backfat thickness (BFT), Ca, Mn, Cu, C14:0, C15:0, and C20:0 showed the highest coefficients of variation. Three clusters were defined by the HCA. Out of all carcass traits, only BFT differed significantly (p < 0.001) among clusters. Clusters significantly (p < 0.001) differed for total lipids (TLIPIDS), moisture, dry matter (DM), fatty acid composition, cholesterol content, and mineral composition (except for Fe). The variables that define the canonical variate “CARCASS” were BFT and degree of marbling (MARBLING). TLIPIDS was the main variable for the “PROXIMATE” canonical variate, while C16:0 and C18:1c had the most relevant contribution to the “LIPIDS” canonical variate. BFT and MARBLING were highly cross-correlated with TLIPIDS which, in turn, was significantly affected by the IM lipid content. Carcass traits were poorly correlated with mineral content. These findings allow for the possibility to develop selection criteria based on BFT and/or marbling to sort carcasses, from grass-fed cattle fattened under tropical conditions, with differing nutritional values. Further analyses are needed to study the effects of sex condition on the associations among carcass traits and lipidic components.

Patients with cirrhosis have hyperdynamic circulation with abnormally distributed blood volume and widespread arteriovenous communications. We aimed to detect possible very early (i.e., before 4 s) and early (i.e., after 4 s) central circulatory transits and their potential influence on determination of central and arterial blood volume (CBV). Thirty-six cirrhotic patients and nineteen controls without liver disease undergoing hemodynamic catheterization were given central bolus injections of albumin with different labels. Exponential and gamma variate fits were applied to the indicator dilution curves, and the relations between flow, circulation times, and volumes were established according to kinetic principles. No significant very early central circulatory transits were identified. In contrast, early (i.e., 4 s to maximal) transits corresponding to a mean of 5.1% (vs. 0.8% in controls; P < 0.005) of cardiac output (equivalent to 0.36 vs. 0.05 l/min; P < 0.01) were found in cirrhotic patients. These early transits averaged 7.7 vs. 12.7 and 17.2 s of ordinary central transits of cirrhotic patients and controls, respectively ( P < 0.001). Early transits were directly correlated to the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference in the cirrhotic patients ( r = 0.46, P < 0.01) but not in controls ( r = 0.04; not significant). There was good agreement between the CBV determined by the conventional indicator dilution method and that determined by separation of early and ordinary transits by the gamma variate fit method (1.51 vs. 1.53 liter; not significant). In conclusion, no very early central circulatory transits were identified in cirrhotic patients. A significant part of the cardiac output undergoes an early transit, probably through pulmonary shunts or areas with low ventilation-perfusion ratios in cirrhotic patients. Composite determination of CBV by the gamma variate fit method is in close agreement with established kinetic methods. The study provides further evidence of abnormal central circulation in cirrhosis.