Journal articles: 'P. opilio'

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Incze, Lewis S., David A. Armstrong, and Sharon L. Smith. "Abundance of Larval Tanner Crabs (Chionoecetes spp.) in Relation to Adult Females and Regional Oceanography of the Southeastern Bering Sea." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-137.

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Abundances of larval Chionoecetes bairdi and C. opilio in the southeastern Bering Sea are compared for springs of 1978 through 1981. Geographical subareas of the shelf were designated for statistical analysis of results to accommodate variations in hydrographic conditions and circulation, distribution of benthic populations, and distribution of planktonic sampling effort. Maximum observed abundances of first-stage zoeae were 1230 and 12 697∙m−2 for C. bairdi (during May) and C. opilio (during April), respectively. Numbers exceeding 10% of these values were common over some portions of the shelf during all years of study. Significant (P < 0.001) interannual differences in larval abundance were detected: in three subareas for C. opilio and in one for C. bairdi. The sharp decline in abundance of larval C. opilio after 1979 in two of the subareas could be accounted for by regional declines in numbers of adult female crabs. This was not true of the remaining subarea where two weak larval year-classes of C. opilio (1980 and 1981) and one of C. bairdi (1980) occurred despite an abundance of adult females. Vertical distribution of larval crabs is shown and the potential roles of advection, planktonic conditions, and reproductive output are evaluated with respect to observed patterns of larval abundance.

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MIHÁL, Ivan, Peter GAJDOŠ, and Pavel ŽILA. "Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) of open biotopes in the Poloniny National Park (north-eastern Slovakia)." Fragmenta Faunistica 58, no. 1 (2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2015.58.1.051.

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Opiliofauna of open biotopes in the Poloniny National Park is presented. The biotopes include the variably utilized or successively overgrowing grasslands. During the period 2011–2013, we found 21 species of harvestmen which represent 60% of the Slovak opiliofauna. The highly eudominant species was Phalangium opilio. The open and sunny biotopes as meadows and pastures proved to be typical habitats for P. opilio and Oligolophus tridens. Other dominant species were: Trogulus nepaeformis and Lacinius ephippiatus. The Carpathian endemics: Paranemastoma kochi and Ischyropsalis manicata as well as thermophilic species Egaenus convexus, Lacinius horridus and Zachaeus crista were also found in the study sites.

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Rebert, April L., Gordon H. Kruse, Joel B. Webb, Sherry L. Tamone, Dion Oxman, and Kevin W. McNeel. "Evaluation of a direct age estimation method for terminally molted male snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius 1788) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Oregoniidae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 5 (July 23, 2020): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa043.

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Abstract Recent research suggests that calcified eyestalks and gastric mill ossicles (stomach teeth) can be used to estimate the age of some crustacean species. Along with annual growth of the endocuticle, bipartite bands in the hard tissue are believed to reflect annual growth patterns (similar to fish scales or otoliths) that are retained through repeated molt cycles. Similar bands are observed in the zygocardiac ossicles of the gastric mill from the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilioFabricius 1788). If these bands reflect annual growth, they may be used to estimate age, which could enhance understanding growth, mortality, recruitment, and age composition and improve fishery management. While some studies show that the number of bands correlates to other estimates of age for C. opilio, little evidence suggests that bands accumulate annually as growth increments independent of molting. Male C. opilio terminally molt at maturity, after which they can survive for seven years or more. Shell condition, i.e., degree of wear and epibionts on their exoskeleton, is used here and by other carcinologists as a proxy for age subsequent to the terminal molt. We estimated band counts and endocuticle thickness from thin sections of the zygocardiac ossicle of terminally molted male C. opilio across a range of shell conditions from a wild, fished stock. We found no differences in band counts (P = 0.41) or endocuticle thickness (P = 0.13) across varying shell conditions and size. These results do not support the hypothesis that band counts can be used to estimate the age of this species after the terminal molt.

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Gainett, Guilherme, Vanessa L. González, Jesús A. Ballesteros, Emily V. W. Setton, Caitlin M. Baker, Leonardo Barolo Gargiulo, Carlos E. Santibáñez-López, Jonathan A. Coddington, and Prashant P. Sharma. "The genome of a daddy-long-legs (Opiliones) illuminates the evolution of arachnid appendages." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1956 (August 4, 2021): 20211168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1168.

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Chelicerate arthropods exhibit dynamic genome evolution, with ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) events affecting several orders. Yet, genomes remain unavailable for a number of poorly studied orders, such as Opiliones (daddy-long-legs), which has hindered comparative study. We assembled the first harvestman draft genome for the species Phalangium opilio , which bears elongate, prehensile appendages, made possible by numerous distal articles called tarsomeres. Here, we show that the genome of P. opilio exhibits a single Hox cluster and no evidence of WGD. To investigate the developmental genetic basis for the quintessential trait of this group—the elongate legs—we interrogated the function of the Hox genes Deformed ( Dfd ) and Sex combs reduced ( Scr ), and a homologue of Epidermal growth factor receptor ( Egfr ). Knockdown of Dfd incurred homeotic transformation of two pairs of legs into pedipalps, with dramatic shortening of leg segments in the longest leg pair, whereas homeosis in L3 is only achieved upon double Dfd + Scr knockdown. Knockdown of Egfr incurred shortened appendages and the loss of tarsomeres. The similarity of Egfr loss-of-function phenotypic spectra in insects and this arachnid suggest that repeated cooption of EGFR signalling underlies the independent gains of supernumerary tarsomeres across the arthropod tree of life.

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Nguyen, Khanh Q., Odd-Børre Humborstad, Svein Løkkeborg, Paul D. Winger, and Shannon M. Bayse. "Effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on snow crab catch rates in the Barents Sea pot fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 6 (April 21, 2019): 1893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz062.

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Abstract Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) has become an important species for the Norwegian seafood industry since its first commercial harvest in 2012. However, periodically catch rates can be low, causing a financial strain on the fishery. Thus, improving the catch rate of existing pot designs has the potential to significantly improve the profitability of fishing enterprises. In this study, we investigated whether the addition of low-powered purple and white light-emitting diode (LED) fishing lights inside the pots could improve catch rates of snow crab in the Barents Sea. Results showed that pots with purple lights harvested a 12.8% higher catch per unit effort (CPUE; number of crab per pot) of legal-sized crab, which was significantly more than the control pots (p = 0.035); pots with white lights did not catch significantly more crab (p > 0.05). Pots equipped with only light (no bait) caught very few crabs and were not considered a viable alternative. Although purple LEDs increased snow crab capture, the economic benefits of using underwater lights in pots remains unclear given the high capital investment required.

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Winger, Paul D., and Philip J. Walsh. "The feasibility of escape mechanisms in conical snow crab traps." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 8 (August 25, 2007): 1587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm125.

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Abstract Winger, P. D., and Walsh, P. J. 2007. The feasibility of escape mechanisms in conical snow crab traps. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1587–1591. Laboratory observations and morphometric measurements of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) were conducted to examine the feasibility of incorporating rigid escape mechanisms into conical snow crab traps to improve trap selectivity. Under laboratory conditions, undersized adolescent male snow crab (≤94 mm carapace width) were capable of detecting, approaching, and interacting with escape mechanisms, and the location of the mechanisms was important in determining the likelihood of escape success. Escape mechanisms mounted low on the exterior wall of the trap received more than three times the number of penetration attempts than those mounted higher, although successful escape rates were very low. There was no difference in behaviour or escape success between traditional mesh traps and experimental wire (Aquamesh®) traps fitted with escape mechanisms. Morphometric measurements suggest that an escape diameter of 95 mm would optimize the egress of small crab and prevent the loss of legal-sized crab.

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Kincaid, Kate, and George Rose. "Effects of closing bottom trawling on fisheries, biodiversity, and fishing communities in a boreal marine ecosystem: the Hawke Box off Labrador, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 9 (September 2017): 1490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0343.

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The Hawke Box is an offshore area (8610 km2) of the boreal Northwest Atlantic that at the request of local fishers was closed to trawling and gillnetting in 2003, but remained open to seasonal snow crab (Chionocetes opilio) pot fishing. Closure was a precautionary management measure primarily to sustain the crab fishery and secondarily to conserve cod known to aggregate there. Fall (1996–2013) and spring (1996–2003, 2015) surveys indicated that biological community assemblages changed significantly before–after and inside–outside the closure (PERMANOVA P < 0.01). Crab fishery data (1996–2013) indicated that landings and relative production declined throughout the region after closure, but was significantly more outside than inside. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) increased inside and outside the closure, and several other demersal species increased significantly more inside. The Hawke Box provides a unique boreal area for the study of restrictions on trawling and gillnetting in an area with historically strong fisheries, restrictions that are strongly supported by local fishers. The overall evidence suggests that within a decade the Hawke Box has benefited fisheries communities, fisheries production, and biodiversity conservation.

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Baudouin-Gonzalez, Luis, Anna Schoenauer, Amber Harper, Grace Blakeley, Michael Seiter, Saad Arif, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Steven Russell, Prashant P. Sharma, and Alistair P. McGregor. "The Evolution of Sox Gene Repertoires and Regulation of Segmentation in Arachnids." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 8 (March 23, 2021): 3153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab088.

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Abstract The Sox family of transcription factors regulates many processes during metazoan development, including stem cell maintenance and nervous system specification. Characterizing the repertoires and roles of these genes can therefore provide important insights into animal evolution and development. We further characterized the Sox repertoires of several arachnid species with and without an ancestral whole-genome duplication and compared their expression between the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum and the harvestman Phalangium opilio. We found that most Sox families have been retained as ohnologs after whole-genome duplication and evidence for potential subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization events. Our results also suggest that Sox21b-1 likely regulated segmentation ancestrally in arachnids, playing a similar role to the closely related SoxB gene, Dichaete, in insects. We previously showed that Sox21b-1 is required for the simultaneous formation of prosomal segments and sequential addition of opisthosomal segments in P. tepidariorum. We studied the expression and function of Sox21b-1 further in this spider and found that although this gene regulates the generation of both prosomal and opisthosomal segments, it plays different roles in the formation of these tagmata reflecting their contrasting modes of segmentation and deployment of gene regulatory networks with different architectures.

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Araya-Schmidt, Tomas, Leonore Olsen, Lasse Rindahl, Roger B. Larsen, and Paul D. Winger. "Alternative bait trials in the Barents Sea snow crab fishery." PeerJ 7 (May 13, 2019): e6874. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6874.

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Commercial harvesting of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Barents Sea started in 2012 by Norwegian fishing vessels. This new fishery has significant bait requirements, representing an emerging conservation challenge. In this study, we evaluate the performance of five alternative (natural) baits manufactured from the waste stream of existing and sustainably managed harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) capture. Five different types of new bait were evaluated, including seal fat (SF), seal fat with skin (SFS), seal meat with bone (SMB), whale fat with skin (WFS), and whale meat with fat (WMF). A comparative fishing experiment was conducted onboard a commercial snow crab fishing vessel in the Barents Sea (May–June, 2016) to evaluate the performance of traditional bait (squid, Illexs spp.) and alternative baits at catching snow crabs. Performance of the different baits were compared on the basis of the number of commercial crab caught per trap haul catch per unit effort (CPUE) and carapace width (CW). Our results showed that SF and SFS performed equally well to traditional bait, with no statistical difference in CPUE (p-value = 0.325 and 0.069, respectively). All of the other experimental baits significantly decreased CPUE, when compared to squid. No significant effect of bait treatment on CW was detected and the cumulative distribution of CW was the same between control traps and each of the bait treatments. Overall the results indicated that SF and SFS represent a viable alternative to replace traditional bait, addressing a key conservation challenge in this bait intensive snow crab fishery.

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Kosson, Piotr, Piotr Wojciechowski, Aleksandra Misicka, Danuta Tymecka, Engin Bojnik, Maria Szereda-Przestaszewska, Schandor Benyhe, Daniel B. Carr, and Andrzej W. Lipkowski. "Opioid-substance P chimeric peptides." Pharmacological Reports 62 (September 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(10)71120-8.

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Zinkevičiūtė, J., S. Ambrasas, A. Kiziela, R. Strumila, S. Brašiškienė, and E. Dlugauskas. "Mažesnis depresijos simptomų pasireiškimas tarp uždegiminėmis žarnų ligomis sergančių pacientų, gydomų biologine terapija: kiekybinis palyginamasis pjūvio tyrimas." Neurologijos seminarai 23, no. 80 (December 2, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29014/ns.2019.11.

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Įvadas. Remiantis anksčiau atliktais tyrimais, viena iš galimų depresijos priežasčių yra autoimuninis uždegimas, sukeliantis interleukinų bei citokinų kiekio padidėjimą ir taip paveikiantis bendrą savijautą ir nuotaiką. Darbo tikslas. Palyginti pacientų, sergančių uždegiminėmis žarnų ligomis ir gaunančių gydymą tumoro nekrozės faktoriaus alfa inhibitoriumi (adalimumabu ar infliksimabu), depresijos ir nerimo simptomus su gydymą kitais vaistais gaunančiais pacientais. Metodai. Naudotas kiekybinis pjūvio tyrimo dizainas. Taikyti instrumentai: opinio kolito aktyvumo indeksas, Krono ligos aktyvumo indeksas, Beko depresijos klausimyno I neurovegetacinių depresijos požymių poskalė, Hospitalinė nerimo ir depresijos skalė (HADS). Įtraukti aktyviu opiniu kolitu arba Krono liga sergantys, antidepresantų nevartojantys pacientai. Dalyviai, gaunantys biologinę terapiją, sudarė tiriamąją (eksperimentinę), negaunantys – biologinės terapijos kontrolinę grupę. Rezultatai. Tyrime analizuoti 46 pacientų duomenys. Tarp grupės, kuri gavo TNF-α inhibitorių, ir grupės, gavusios gydymą kitais vaistais, ligos aktyvumo indeksas reikšmingai nesiskyrė (Krono liga – 3,54 vs 4,20; opinis kolitas – 5,70 vs 5,00; p > 0,05). Beko depresijos klausimyno I neurovegetacinių depresijos požymių poskalės rezultatai tarp minėtų grupių statistiškai reikšmingai nesiskyrė (2,52 vs 3,91; p > 0,05). HADS bendro įverčio vidurkis statistiškai reikšmingai didesnis kontrolinėje grupėje (5,22 vs 8,13; p < 0,05). Lyginant HADS nerimo poskalės vidurkius, skirtumai nebuvo reikšmingi (3,78 vs 5,48; p > 0,05), tačiau HADS depresijos poskalės vidurkis statistiškai reikšmingai didesnis kontrolinėje grupėje (1,43 vs 2,65; p < 0,05). Išvados. Tumoro nekrozės faktoriaus alfa inhibitoriumi gydomi pacientai patyrė mažiau depresijos simptomų, esant panašiam ligos aktyvumui, nei pacientai, gaunantys kitą gydymą. Nustatyta, kad tarp pacientų, sergančių uždegiminėmis žarnų ligomis, depresijos simptomai paveikiami labiau negu nerimo simptomai.

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Zakharov, D. V., L. L. Jørgensen, I. E. Manushin, and N. A. Strelkova. "Barents Sea megabenthos: Spatial and temporal distribution and production." Marine Biological Journal 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.03.

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This long-term observation of the faunal composition within the Barents Sea provides a benchmark for monitoring community changes caused by oceanographic variability, fishery activities, and crab predators (Chionoecetes opilio, Paralithodes camtschaticus), whose populations have been rapidly growing and spreading in recent years. In the Arctic systems, megabenthic communities comprise a significant part of benthic biomass and play an important role in carbon cycling on continental shelves. The gradual accumulation of knowledge on megabenthos may make it possible to assess their role in the ecosystem and ultimately contribute to a more rational management of the Barents Sea resources. This article represents an important series of long-term megabenthic observations in the Barents Sea. The main goal of our research is to identify spatial patterns and temporal trends in the megabenthic part of communities, including changes in the biomass and production values. As a part of the joint Norwegian-Russian ecosystem surveys, benthic experts have been identifying the invertebrates (megafauna) collected by bottom trawls during annual assessments of commercial stocks, such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). The sampling equipment used was a Campelen 1800 bottom trawl, rigged with rockhopper ground gear and towed on double warps, and standardized to a fixed sampling effort (equivalent to a towing distance of 0.75 nautical miles (nm), or 1.4 km). The processing of the biological material was conducted in accordance with standardized procedures, following the retrieval of each trawl. This work represents data from 5016 stations from 2005 to 2017, with a total sampled biomass of 238.4 tons and 14.9 million individual organisms. In total, 694 megabenthic species (1058 taxa) have been recorded, with the greatest diversity observed in the depth range of 100–400 m, while the largest mean catches were taken between depths of 600–800 m. The biomass (B) and production (P) values of the benthic megafauna were approximately stable during the 9 years of investigation, although there was a decreasing trend after 2014. The annual production P/B ratio of megabenthos was calculated to be at 0.3. The distribution, contribution to production, and gross biomass values of the megabenthos had been underestimated in the previous studies of zoobenthos. The results from this research show that, in the current warm period, the majority of the Barents Sea is in an intermediate state between the Arctic and boreal regions due to the wide distribution of boreal species toward the north. The dynamics of the mean biogeographical index (the border between areas of the dominance of boreal and Arctic species) within the central-southern part of the Barents Sea suggests that a large part of the area can be characterized as predominantly boreal intermediate since 2013.

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Bértoa, Fernando Casal. "Party funding regulation in Poland (1990–2015): an appraisal." Politologia, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/p.2016.1.03.

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In the second half of 2015 Poland held a referendum in which voters were asked to give their opinion on the way party funding was regulated. Of those 7.8 percent of voters who turned out at the polls, only 17.4 percent voted in favour of the system of public funding in force at the time. Taking into consideration such a “negative” social opinion regarding the Polish regime of party funding, this article examines how political party funding (bothpublic and private) is regulated in Poland, how it has changed over time, and how it could be developed. The main conclusion is that even if the current regime is better than the one existing before 2001, there is still much room for improvement.

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Kardelienė, Laimutė, Laima Trinkūnienė, Kęstutis Kardelis, and Darius Masiliauskas. "Physical Education Teacher’s Opinion about Learners’ Personal Qualities as a Precondition of Pedagogical Interaction." Pedagogika 109, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2013.1844.

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The article deals with the personal qualities of the tenth grade pupils which are perceived as the disturbances and the stimulus of educational interaction by physical education teachers in physical education classes. Research results have shown that all physical education teachers participating in the study (both men and women) are positive about three personal qualities of pupils: curiosity, self-confidence and initiative. According to the respondents, those qualities mentioned above help develop pedagogical interaction in physical education activities. Physical education teachers (women) distinguish the following less favorable personal qualities of pupils as anger, hypocrisy, revengefulness and avoidance of responsibility, whereas men more often indicate only one quality interfering with pedagogical interaction – poor physical health. In general, all physical education teachers agree about such pupils’ qualities as indifference and laziness as the sources of disturbances in the educational interaction. Besides, poor teaching / learning environment in physical education classes is one of the main reasons of unconstructive pedagogical interaction according to the respondents.

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Banasiak, Anna, and Aneta Adamus. "Vision of the adulthood of children with disabilities in the opinion of their mothers." Pedagogika 27, no. 2 (2018): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2018.27.58.

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Oude Elferink, Ronald P. J., and James Zadina. "MDR1 P-glycoprotein transports endogenous opioid peptides." Peptides 22, no. 12 (December 2001): 2015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00564-2.

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Gomes, Carla Renata Antunes de Souza. "O Guayba: o papel do jornalismo literário na formação dos jovens sul-rio-grandenses em Porto Alegre (1856-1858) (O Guayba: the role of literary journalism in the training of young Rio Grande do Sul in..." Cadernos de História 16, no. 25 (December 18, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2237-8871.2015v16n25p46.

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Este artigo apresenta o periódico literário O Guayba que circulou em Porto Alegre de 1856 a 1858 e seu papel como difusor da cultura literária produzida na Província, entendendo-o como um espaço de formação dos jovens para atuação na imprensa e no exercício da opinião pública. Os aspectos analisados são: a estrutura do jornal como empresa e suas estratégias de relacionamento e manutenção de público leitor, assim como, do conteúdo, principalmente, os editoriais que expressam os temas mais importantes para os redatores do jornal: o papel da educação e da imprensa na formação político-literária dos jovens na sociedade sul-rio-grandense. AbstractThis article presents an analysis on the literary journal O Guayba which circulated in Porto Alegre from 1856 to 1858 and its diffuser role of literary culture produced in the Province, understanding it as a training space for young people to act in the press and in the exercise of public opinion. The aspects analyzed are the newspaper's structure as a company and its relationship strategies and readership maintenance, as well as the content, especially concerning the editorial expressing the most important topics for journal editors: the role of education and press in the political and literary education of young people in the society of Rio Grande do Sul.Keywords: Newspapers; Literary culture; Nineteenth century; Porto Alegre; Press.

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Jaw, S. P., B. Hoskins, and I. K. Ho. "Opioid antagonists and butorphanol dependence." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 44, no. 3 (March 1993): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90158-p.

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Bhola, B., R. M. Cooke, H. G. Blaauw, and M. Kok. "Expert opinion in project management." European Journal of Operational Research 57, no. 1 (February 1992): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(92)90302-p.

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J.Shanmuganathan, J. Shanmuganathan, S. Thiriveni Sripriya, and A. S. SathishKumar A.S.SathishKumar. "A Study on Employee Opinion towards 5S Implementation in PGC Textile Corporation (P) Ltd, Tirupur." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/82.

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Pradhan, A. A., O. Gardon, J. Becker, C. Blad, D. Filliol, A. Matifas, and B. L. Kieffer. "P.1.26 Conditional knockout of mu opioid receptors." European Neuropsychopharmacology 19 (March 2009): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(09)70029-x.

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Al Garhy, Mohamed, Sona Mohan, and Aisha Al Dhufairi. "Loperamide and P‐glycoprotein modulator in opioid detoxification." Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (July 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.717.

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Rusnáková, Jurina, Július Rusnák, Rastislav Rosinský, Alena Rochovská, and Barbora Odrášková. "Co rodzice uczniów myślą o segregacji dzieci w szkołach?" Porównania 21, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/p.2017.21.14567.

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W słowackim systemie edukacji segregacja jest dość powszechnym zjawiskiem zarówno w szkołach podstawowych, jak i w przedszkolach. Mimo powtarzających się ostrzeżeń ze strony Unii Europejskiej, szkoły w pobliżu społeczności romskich wykorzystują taką separację. Dyrekcje twierdzą, że edukacja ta wspiera „indywidualne podejście” do uczniów romskich, ponieważ tzw. klasy romskie są mniejsze, a przy tym ważnym argumentem jest nacisk rodziców nieromskich, którzy preferują etnicznie jednorodne klasy i wybierają szkoły dla swoich dzieci (nie są zainteresowani szkołami o większej liczbie uczniów romskich). W artykule przedstawiono opinie rodziców dzieci romskich i nieromskich na temat segregowanej edukacji, które uzyskano w wywiadach i badaniach grup fokusowych poprzez analizę projektów i programów zintegrowanej edukacji.

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Viršulienė, Kristina. "Developing Student-teacher’s Instructional Communication Skills through Teaching Practice: the Attitudes of Mentors." Pedagogika 121, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.07.

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The article analysis the attitudes of mentors to the development of student-teacher’s instructional communication skills through teaching practice. The objective of the research was to reveal the opinion of the mentors about the development of student-teacher’s instructional communication. For that purpose observation was carried out in the natural environment. That helped to reveal the peculiarities of students’ instructional communication skills at teaching practice. Semi-structured interview methods were applied to interview the mentors. The data obtained via the Questionnaire for Mentors allowed to assess the student-teachers’ communication skills, and to identify the key factors for theirs’ professional improvement. The interview data analysis presents mentors’ opinion about the dynamics of the student - teachers’ instructional communication skills at teaching practice, the importance of consultations, student-teachers’ assessment of their instructional skills, needs and possibilities of the skill improvement. It became evident that mentors’ assessment differed according to their work experience. When speaking about students’ assessment, the mentors of considerable experience (more than 5 years of continuous pedagogical work experience) admitted, that they had known students well through observing, communicating, consulting them, when talking to their colleagues they could assess their achievements. While the inexperienced mentors communicated with the student-teachers in a more formal way, they were less prepared to supervise students, help them know themselves and improve their instructional skills. When considering improvement possibilities of teaching practice, all mentors claimed that student-teacher’s professional skills are being gained only by practicing. The mentors stressed that readiness for pedagogical professional practice is very much dependent on student’s ability to participate, to reflect, on willingness for self-knowledge as well as strong professional determination; results of individual practice and consultations with competent professionals.

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Ellis, Lindsey T., Madeleine Opsahl, Deiter J. Duff, and Carl C. Stacy. "Application of the Drowning Index to Opioid & Multidrug Intoxication Deaths: A Retrospective Analysis." Academic Forensic Pathology 9, no. 1-2 (March 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362119851115.

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Introduction: Drowning deaths present a challenge for forensic pathologists, because the autopsy findings may occur in many nondrowning scenarios. Previous studies have attempted to identify patterns in organ weights that may be specific for drowning. The drowning index (DI) has been defined as the weight ratio of the lungs and pleural effusion fluid to the spleen. Studies have suggested DI may be useful in confirming drowning as the cause of death. No studies have yet compared autopsy findings in drownings to those in drug-related deaths, in spite of their qualitative similarities. Materials and Methods: We compared the lung and pleural effusion weight, spleen weight, and DI from 536 autopsies ruled drowning, opioid, or multidrug intoxication, or hanging in Columbia, Missouri, from 2011 to 2016. Results: Opioid overdoses result in heavier lungs and spleens than drownings, multidrug overdoses, or hangings. There is no DI value at which a death can be definitively ascribed to drowning. The median DI was significantly higher in drownings than in opioid intoxications, multidrug intoxications, or hangings ( P < .0001; P = .001; P = .005). However, very few drowning cases (13.33%) had a DI >14.1. Additionally, many opioid and multidrug overdoses had a DI >14.1. The highest calculated DI value (DI = 33) was associated with multidrug intoxication. Conclusion: In our opinion, the DI has little, if any, utility in distinguishing between drowning and drug-related deaths.

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Chien, Chih-Cheng, and Gavril W. Pasternak. "Sigma antagonists potentiate opioid analgesia in rats." Neuroscience Letters 190, no. 2 (May 1995): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)11504-p.

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Smith, Eric R. A. N., and Sonia R. Garcia. "Evolving California opinion on offshore oil development." Ocean & Coastal Management 26, no. 1 (January 1995): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(95)00008-p.

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Kurnik, Daniel, Gbenga G. Sofowora, John P. Donahue, Usha B. Nair, Grant R. Wilkinson, Alastair J. J. Wood, and Mordechai Muszkat. "Tariquidar, a Selective P-glycoprotein Inhibitor, Does Not Potentiate Loperamide’s Opioid Brain Effects in Humans despite Full Inhibition of Lymphocyte P-glycoprotein." Anesthesiology 109, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31818d8f28.

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Background Loperamide, a potent opioid, has been used as an in vivo probe to assess P-glycoprotein activity at the blood-brain barrier, because P-glycoprotein inhibition allows loperamide to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert its central opioid effects. In humans, studies with nonselective and moderately potent inhibitors resulted in mild opioid effects but were confounded by the concurrent inhibition of loperamide's metabolism. The authors studied the effect of the highly selective, potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar on loperamide's central opioid effects. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, nine healthy subjects received on 2 study days oral loperamide (32 mg) followed by an intravenous infusion of either tariquidar (150 mg) or placebo. Central opioid effects (pupil diameter, sedation) were measured for 12 h, and blood samples were drawn up to 48 h after drug administration to determine plasma loperamide concentrations and ex vivo P-glycoprotein activity in T lymphocytes. Values for pupil diameter and loperamide concentrations were plotted over time, and the areas under the curves on the tariquidar and placebo study day were compared within each subject. Results Tariquidar did not significantly affect loperamide's central effects (median reduction in pupil diameter area under the curve, 6.9% [interquartile range, -1.4 to 12.1%]; P = 0.11) or plasma loperamide concentrations (P = 0.12) but profoundly inhibited P-glycoprotein in lymphocytes by 93.7% (95% confidence interval, 92.0-95.3%). Conclusion These results suggest that despite full inhibition of lymphocyte P-glycoprotein, the selective P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar does not potentiate loperamide's opioid brain effects in humans.

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Crespin, F., E. Ollivier, R. Elias, C. Maillard, and G. Balansard. "High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the major saponin from Opilia celtidifolia Guill. Perr." Journal of Chromatography A 644, no. 2 (August 1993): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80727-p.

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Quintano, Claudio, Paolo Mazzocchi, and Antonella Rocca. "A prospective analysis of the efficiency in the reorganisation process of Italian seaports." Pomorstvo 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.34.1.1.

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The purpose of this paper is to compare the competitiveness of Italian seaports in terms of efficiency scores as a result of significant policy changes adopted in September 2016. An appropriate data set on seaport activities is used that consists of input and output variables obtained by fixing the statistical classification of economic activities (NACE codes) of a sample of 10,763 active firms involved in the new Italian Port Network Authorities (AdSPs). The investigation analyses the major causes of inefficiency and may be viewed as an analysis of the potential of each AdSP, rather than an analysis based on already existing entities. In the authors’ opinion, the results of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) are suitable to support policy decisions designed to improve operational performance of inefficient AdSPs. The empirical analysis reveals several findings that can be extended to different territorial districts.

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Vetlugina, T. P., N. A. Bokhan, and E. V. Matafonova. "P.6.d.012 Immune system in opioid addicts." European Neuropsychopharmacology 18 (August 2008): S546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(08)70829-0.

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Thuillier, M., J. Lacour, Y. Jullien, and H. H. S. L. Seetharamdoo. "P.5.031 Management of dependence of the opioid type." European Neuropsychopharmacology 7 (September 1997): S261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(97)88864-5.

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Garhy, Mohamed Al, Jennifer Jean Williams, Sona Mohan, and Hana Abu Sharib. "Novel opioid detoxification using loperamide and P‐glycoprotein inhibitor." Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (July 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pnp.550.

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Xhelilaj, Ermal, and Bledar Sakaj. "A Review of Leadership Behaviour of Maritime Officers in International Shipping." Pomorstvo 32, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.1.9.

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Management or leadership behaviour is regarded as a crucial component for the responsibility, duty and role of young maritime officers. This is due to the difficult, harsh and complex working environment that the maritime industry represents today which makes the duties and tasks of a maritime officer harder to manage as well as to administer. In light of these considerations, this study will focus on the maritime management level and leadership models which must reflect a young maritime officer today, by analysing first the diverse perspectives in connection to the leadership definition, the controversy over the leadership theories and leadership in light of maritime officers’ position. The authors are of the opinion that each leadership style has its weaknesses and strengths; therefore, the effectiveness of the leadership style depends mainly on the demand of the situation, particularly in the maritime working sector – characterized by a harsh and complex environment.

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BISBEE, JAMES. "BARP: Improving Mister P Using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees." American Political Science Review 113, no. 4 (August 6, 2019): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055419000480.

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Multilevel regression and post-stratification (MRP) is the current gold standard for extrapolating opinion data from nationally representative surveys to smaller geographic units. However, innovations in nonparametric regularization methods can further improve the researcher’s ability to extrapolate opinion data to a geographic unit of interest. I test an ensemble of regularization algorithms and find that there is room for substantial improvement on the multilevel model via more flexible methods of regularization. I propose a modified version of MRP that replaces the multilevel model with a nonparametric approach called Bayesian additive regression trees (BART or, when combined with post-stratification, BARP). I compare both methods across a number of data contexts, demonstrating the benefits of applying more powerful regularization methods to extrapolate opinion data to target geographical units. I provide an R package that implements the BARP method.

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Bodnar, R. J., D. Paul, and G. W. Pasternak. "Proglumide selectively potentiates supraspinal μ1 opioid analgesia in mice." Neuropharmacology 29, no. 5 (May 1990): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(90)90174-p.

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Grašienė, Jolita, and Angelika Petrėtienė. "Application of Traditional and Contemporary Methods While Teaching Language for Specific Purposes." Pedagogika 128, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.63.

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The article discusses traditional and contemporary teaching methods in order to determine, which methods are best suited for teaching professional language or language for specific purposes. A study was conducted at the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (hereafter – VGTU) and Vilnius College of Technologies and Design (hereafter – VTDK) that shows students’ opinion about the teaching methods of the language for specific purposes. The study showed that the choice of teaching methods is determined by the prevailing trends of developments in education and the ongoing advancement of technologies; traditional teaching methods having long-standing traditions should remain relevant; however, in order to ensure the highest possible quality of learning there is a need to intensify the use of active teaching methods, particularly those, which are preferred by students; teachers who usually employ traditional teaching methods are recommended to plan their lectures in such a way as to provide for a transition from passive to active learning. Appropriately selected teaching methods make it possible for students to acquire subject knowledge, improve skills of correct language usage, develop key competences and become competitive specialists.

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Detyna, Beata. "Teacher – dilemmas related to performance of a professional role." Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 28 (2019): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2019.28.05.

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In the course of the research carried out by the author, taking into account the extremely complex and multifaceted nature of teachers’ work, the thesis was accepted that regardless of the type of schools in which teachers work, they struggle with various dilemmas. However, the number and “strength” of these dilemmas increases with the need for the implementation of the teacher to fulfill the role of educator. Presentation of dilemmas chosen by the author related to the teacher’s professional role was accepted as the main goal of this study. In confirmation of the accepted thesis, they allowed the author: literature review on pedeutology, own experience related to work as an academic teacher and interviews with many teachers of primary, middle and high schools. Numerous conversations with teachers have confirmed the correctness that the higher the level of education, the teachers report fewer dilemmas regarding the implementation of their professional role. Reflections on dilemmas concerning the role of teachers are interdisciplinary in the author’s opinion –they are inseparably connected with transformations of economic, legal, cultural, social, demographic and psychological nature, etc.

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Sourour, M., D. Darmawikarta, R. Couban, K. Yang, S. Kamath, KK Reddy, and H. Shanthanna. "P.117 A systematic review on opioid free analgesic techniques for supratentorial craniotomies." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, s2 (June 2018): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.219.

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Background: Post-craniotomy pain can be severe and undermanaged. While opioids are the mainstay treatment, they have the potential to interfere with neurological monitoring. The objectives of this review are: 1) to identify measures to provide opioid-free analgesia 2) to compare the effectiveness of non-opioid to opioid analgesia in post-craniotomy pain. Methods: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases was conducted for RCTs evaluating the effect of opioid vs non-opioid pain control strategies in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. Results: The literature search yielded 462 citations, 5 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria for a total of 250 patients. Scalp infiltration/block was found to provide equivalent analgesia to morphine1 and fentanyl.2 Morphine was associated with slightly higher postoperative nausea and vomiting. Paracetamol was less likely to induce nausea and vomiting,3,4 but provided inadequate pain relief compared to nalbuphine,3 tramadol,3 morphine4 and sufentanil.4 Dexmedetomidine5 provided similar analgesia to remifentanil but did delay the time to first dose of rescue analgesia with similar side effects. Conclusions: Based on the limited number of RCTs comparing opioid to non-opioid techniques, no definite recommendations can be made with regards to the optimal management of post-craniotomy pain. Considerations should be made for use of multimodal analgesia-including adjuvant analgesics.

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Murcia, Juan Antonio, Eduardo Gimeno, Fernanda Silva, and Luis Conte. "O interesse pela opinião do praticante de exercício físico como papel importante na predição do motivo fitness/saúde." Fitness & Performance Journal 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3900/fpj.8.4.247.p.

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Cheskin, Lawrence J., Tawfik N. Chamia, Rolley E. Johnson, and Jerome H. Jaffe. "Assessment of nalmefene glucuronide as a selective gut opioid antagonist." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 39, no. 2 (August 1995): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(95)01153-p.

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Lachapelle, Guy. "Opinion publique 1985 SOFRES Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1985, 333 p." Canadian Journal of Political Science 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900058145.

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Wiskerke, J., M. C. W. Janssen, A. N. W. Schoffelmeer, and T. Pattij. "P.2.30 Opioid and cannabinoid regulation of impulsivity in rats." European Neuropsychopharmacology 19 (March 2009): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(09)70068-9.

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Li, Xiangqi, and J. David Clark. "Hyperalgesia During Opioid Abstinence: Mediation by Glutamate and Substance P." Anesthesia & Analgesia 95, no. 4 (October 2002): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-200210000-00035.

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Li, Xiangqi, and J. David Clark. "Hyperalgesia During Opioid Abstinence: Mediation by Glutamate and Substance P." Anesthesia & Analgesia 95, no. 4 (October 2002): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200210000-00035.

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Cibulskaitė, Nijolė, and Almeda Kurienė. "Development of Practical Inter-Subject Competence Application by Future Teachers of Natural Science and Mathematics." Pedagogika 117, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.073.

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The paper tries to analyse what impact of didactics studies and pedagogical practice has on such abilities of prospective teachers as link sciences and mathematics teaching in practice. The aim of the research is to investigate the inter-subject links applying abilities of prospective sciences and mathematics teachers and to figure out characteristics of their vocational training in the context of the development of competencies to plan subject content and control teaching process. The general opinion of surveyed students was that application of inter-subject links in educational practice is important in order to engage pupils in sciences and mathematics as well as develop their creativity. Students also thought that the best way to implement links between subjects is to use problem-oriented education method which encourages pupils to both collaborate and individually solve given tasks. The research also revealed that students feel a lack of versatile readiness for science subjects’ integration in their practical work. The connection between sciences and mathematics subjects is tight. Processing of data achieved via experiments and solutions to exercises in natural science classes give sense to mathematics and enriches its learning and teaching experience. Such situation implies that more focus should be given for sciences and mathematical education of students.

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HAMABE, W., T. MAEDA, Y. FUKAZAWA, K. KUMAMOTO, L. SHANG, A. YAMAMOTO, C. YAMAMOTO, S. TOKUYAMA, and S. KISHIOKA. "P-glycoprotein ATPase activating effect of opioid analgesics and their P-glycoprotein-dependent antinociception in mice." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 85, no. 3 (November 2006): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.10.018.

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Nalamachu, MD, Srinivas, Jeffrey Gudin, MD, Catherine Datto, MD, MS, Karin Coyne, PhD, MPH, Jiat-Ling Poon, PhD, and Yiqun Hu, MD, PhD. "Efficacy and safety of naloxegol for opioid-induced constipation assessed by specific opioid medication, opioid dose, and duration of opioid use." Journal of Opioid Management 14, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2018.0451.

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Objective: Efficacy and safety of naloxegol, a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist that significantly reduces opioid-induced constipation (OIC), were assessed for patient subgroups defined post hoc by baseline maintenance opioid characteristics.Design: Post hoc, pooled analysis of data from two 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies.Setting: Two hundred fifty-seven outpatient centers in the United States and Europe.Patients: Patients with noncancer pain and OIC.Interventions: Naloxegol (12.5 or 25 mg daily) or placebo.Main Outcomes Measures: The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients meeting response criteria at 12 weeks: at least three spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs)/wk and an increase from baseline of at least one SBM for ≥9 of 12 weeks and ≥3 of the last 4 weeks. No adjustments were made for multiplicity; all p values are descriptive.Results: This analysis included 1,337 patients. Increases in the proportion of patients who achieved response at 12 weeks were observed with naloxegol 25 mg versus placebo in patients taking maintenance oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, or fentanyl (p ≤ 0.038); patients taking either ≥120 or 120 morphine-equivalent units at baseline (p ≤ 0.032); and patients treated with their current opioid for 6 months (p ≤ 0.035). Efficacy results were less robust with naloxegol 12.5 mg versus placebo. Adverse event incidences were generally comparable across treatment groups, regardless of opioid dose or duration of therapy but were numerically higher with some specific baseline opioids.Conclusion: In this post hoc, exploratory analysis, naloxegol 25 mg showed similar efficacy in treating OIC regardless of maintenance opioid type, dose, or duration of opioid use at baseline.

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Chais, Cassiane, David Güemes-Castorena, Vandoir Welchen, Joel Tshibamba Mukendi, Josiane Vieira Maciel, Paula Patrícia Ganzer, Juliana Matte, and Pelayo Munhoz Olea. "ANÁLISE DA OPINIÃO DE ACADÊMICOS SOBRE UNIVERSIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS: UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE BRASIL E MÉXICO." Revista Economia & Gestão 19, no. 54 (December 20, 2019): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.1984-6606.2019v19n54p133-153.

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A universidade empreendedora consolida-se como um instrumento que não só proporciona força de trabalho e valor agregado com a criação ou transformação do conhecimento, como também aprimora o indivíduo, criando valores e atitudes e estimulando, assim, a capacidade empreendedora. Diante disso, o objetivo desta investigação consiste em analisar a percepção dos alunos sobre a importância da universidade empreendedora para sua formação acadêmica. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, com fases exploratória e descritiva, realizou-se um estudo comparativo entre dois casos, Brasil e México. Como técnica de coleta, empregaram-se grupo focal e análise por meio da análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software NVivo®, versão 12. Os resultados mostram que a instituição mexicana está voltada à educação empreendedora, em atividades que integram estudantes e empresas nas aulas e pesquisas, incentivando a interação por meio da resolução de problemas reais. Já a instituição brasileira não trabalha de um modo claro e amadurecido quanto ao empreendedorismo, que costuma ser percebido basicamente como uma disciplina pelos acadêmicos.

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Frossard, Miriane Sigiliano. "Celebridades gospel e o turismo evangélico: os líderes de opinião como fonte de significados para as caravanas evangélicas à Terra Santa." HORIZONTE - Revista de Estudos de Teologia e Ciências da Religião 16, no. 49 (May 1, 2018): 14–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2175-5841.2018v16n49p14-37.

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Baseado na teoria sobre a transferência de significados de Grant McCracken, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que forma os líderes de opinião evangélicos são capazes de transferir significados culturais para o produto caravanas evangélicas para a Terra Santa. Como todo bem de consumo, esse produto religioso é repleto de significados culturais advindos do mundo culturalmente constituído, neste caso, do universo religioso dos evangélicos. Tais significações passam a habitar o bem por meio de duas vias, a saber, a publicidade e o sistema de moda. Dentro do sistema de moda, uma importante fonte de significados são os líderes de opinião, que são capazes não apenas de edificar, mas também de reformar as acepções acerca de um bem. No intuito de demonstrar esse processo, o estudo apresenta, ao final, o caso do apóstolo Renê Terra Nova, paradigmático no que diz respeito às caravanas evangélicas para a Terra Santa. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho qualitativo e explicativo realizado através de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e etnográfica realizada de modo presencial e virtual.

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Journal articles on the topic 'P. opilio'

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