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Published: 19 July 2023

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1

Nzalakanda, Rufin. "La performativité de la grande entreprise pharmaceutique dans la chaîne de développement des produits de santé : une analyse de la fraude fondée sur le concept de Poche organisationnelle Informelle (P.O.I)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04164360.

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Depuis les années 1950, l'industrie pharmaceutique n'est pas épargnée par les affaires de scandales sanitaires (thalidomide 1961, 1962 et 1963), Distilbène (1977), Médiator (2009) etc. Il s'agit en général des produits de santé dont les effets indésirables graves n'ont pas été identifiés plus tôt ou simplement dissimulés par les fabricants tout au long de la chaîne de développement des produits de santé (CDPS). Ces effets ont généré des conséquences désastreuses en France et à l'étranger, augmenté les dépenses de santé publique et dégradé l'image de l'industrie pharmaceutique et la confiance des populations à l'égard de ladite industrie. Ce diagnostic laisse présager l'existence d'un dilemme auquel cette industrie fait face. Dans cette recherche, nous abordons ce dilemme sous l’angle de la fraude normalisée par les grandes entreprises pharmaceutiques (G.E.P) dans la CDPS qui illustre le parcours d’un produit de santé. Notre sujet de recherche, positionné dans le champ de recherche de la criminalité d'affaires (criminalité en col blanc, Edwin. Sutherland, 1930), pose une question pratique : de quelle manière la grande entreprise pharmaceutique fait « faire » pour normaliser la fraude dans la chaîne de développement des produits de santé (CDPS) ? Le déploiement de la M.C.R.A.A (Méthode de Contextualisation et d'analyse par la Recherche des Alliés et des affinités) a été l'approche méthodologique mobilisée dans le cadre de cette recherche. Cela nous a permis de produire des résultats en deux temps. Le premier type de résultat est assimilé à l’émergence du concept de Poche Organisationnelle Informelle (« P.O.I. »), en tant que dispositif formé par ses ressources matérielles, symboliques et ses membres affiliés, c’est-à-dire des acteurs équipés partageant un secret organisationnel autour d’un produit de santé faisant l’objet de fraude d’une part, et des acteurs externes d’autre part. Ce résultat a été progressivement transformé en résultats définitifs après renouvellement de notre processus de recherche. Cette transformation met en évidence les deux phases du cycle de vie de la P.O.I : sa réussite (résultats principaux de la thèse) et son échec (résultats secondaires de la thèse) dans la normalisation de la fraude dans la chaîne de développement des produits de santé (CDPS)
Since the 1950s, the pharmaceutical industry is still affected by the scandals of health scandals (thalidomide 1961, 1962 and 1963), Distilbène (1977), Vioxx (2004), Mediator (2009), breast prostheses PIP (2010), ...These are generally health products that have a harmful effect that is not detected earlier in the collective management of these products throughout the health product development chain. These harmful effects have generated disastrous consequences in France and abroad ( some organizations say that these are cases of pain that have caused illness, cancer or death), but also in economic and financial terms (national health costs), image and trust. This is the diagnosis made about the functioning of the pharmaceutical industry. This diagnosis reveals the existence of a dilemma that this sector must undoubtedly resolve. Various situations are often mentioned to refer to this dilemma. Some situations refer to the negligence and imprudence of institutions and organizations for the control and supervision of health products, others are oriented towards the fault and error of the actors involved in the collective management of these products, and others are about fraud perpetrated by actors mandated to develop health products that help the population to eliminate the different diseases. This thesis focuses on situations of fraud committed by big pharma as a research subject. She positions him in the field of white-collar crime, a term invented by American sociologist Edwin. Sutheland in the 1930s). The analysis of this research subject poses a practical question: How big pharma performs to normalize fraud in the health product development chain that includes national, transnational and global levels. It is important to note that this thesis does not aim to stigmatize big pharma, which are essential actors because they contribute to the disappearance of diseases by providing health products to society. Rather, it focuses on a phenomenon that has been clearly identified and that represents a threat to the planet, which has already affected health systems several times, thousands of people in the world and caused considerable human and financial losses. Thus, it relies on the experience of institutional, organizational and individual actors in the health sector, in terms of health scandals marked by pharmaceutical fraud, to answer research questions. The research results show that, big pharma is instrumentalising P.O.I, a structured and structuring organisation, to perform the actors who are involved in the collective management of health products in such a way that their practices and discourse are consistent with what she thinks, says and does. It is through this mechanism that pharmaceutical fraud is normalized at the national, transnational and global levels. More specifically, the P.O.I is a network organisation composed of human and non-human actors.Hidden within the big pharma, it materializes the ability of this enterprise to produce a generalized effect in the process that describes the different phases of realization of a health product, which will encourage the actors involved to legitimize the fraud in order to serve the interests of the entreprise in which it is housed
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2

Bréchet, Jean-Pierre. "Portefeuille de savoir-faire et stratégie de la P.M.I. contribution à l'élaboration d'un cadre de diagnostic stratégique appliqué à la P.M.I. /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603429x.

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3

Liger, Armel. "La Gestion fiscale des P.M.I. un mythe, le lien fiscalité-financement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607473c.

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4

Bescos, Pierre-Laurent. "Les Facteurs de redressement des P.M.I. en difficulté rôle du système d'information." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596015j.

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5

Beigzadeh, Shima. "System Dynamics and Statistical Modeling of Severe Storms: The Case of Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31420.

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Scientific evidence points to a changing global climate. The most vital and visible impacts of this phenomenon for sea-level communities are sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and more frequent severe coastal storms. However, limited research has been conducted to date to project the damage from rising maximum water levels and corresponding storm surges, and their impacts on the sustainability of coastal communities. This research focuses on the urban coastal community of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.), Canada as part of the C-Change International Community University research Alliance (ICURA), “Managing Adaptation to Environmental Change in Coastal Communities: Canada and the Caribbean.” The stochastic process that underlies, maximum observed water levels in Charlottetown, is modeled using historical data. Maximum observed water levels and storm surges are represented by fitted conditional and marginal univariate probability density functions. The statistical package “Easy-Fit” is used as a tool for analyzing goodness of fit to the historical data for maximum observed water levels in Charlottetown. A System Dynamics (SD) model, using STELLA, is developed to simulate the projected impacts of maximum observed water levels on the City of Charlottetown. The SD model captures the dynamics of the four pillars of community sustainability, namely Environmental, Economic, Social-Cultural and Human sectors identified for the City of Charlottetown. The model defines and evaluates the robustness of alternative adaptation strategies for various model scenarios to projected storms over a long-term planning period. The results quantify the vulnerability of Charlottetown. The analysis of the results from implementing 3 main adaptation strategies for protection, accommodation, and retreat scenarios as well as the ones from the most common current response of “doing nothing”, provide information on the dynamic and pillar-related impacts of storms on Charlottetown. Analysis of these strategy options clearly indicates that doing nothing in the face of more frequent severe storms is an inefficient strategy. Model results show that the protect strategy is unlikely to deliver complete protection, and the retreat option is costly and not well received. The accommodation strategy including a combination of protection options and controlled retreat will provide the most robust option for the coastal City of Charlottetown. The SD model and analysis provides a framework for the evaluation of adaptation strategies for alternative coastal communities.
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6

Marsset, Bruno. "Structure et évolution du bassin d'Okinawa apport des nouvelles données de la campagne P.O.P. 1. /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607725b.

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7

Riveros, Rojas María José. "P.O.T. Mataquito. Plan de ordenamiento territorial para el desarrollo local de la cuenca occidental del Mataquito." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130049.

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8

Vergnaud, Schaeffer Marie-Pierre. "Ecoute prospective de l'environnement : une arme stratégique pour la compétitivité des P.M.E./P.M.I. exportatrices de la région Rhône-Alpes." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21031.

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Les entreprises evoluent aujourd'hui dans un environnement considere comme de plus en plus turbulent. Dans ce contexte, il leur est necessaire de s'informer et de realiser une ecoute prospective de leur environnement, pour mieux anticiper toutes menaces ou toutes opportunites susceptibles d'influencer leur devenir. Les p. M. E. P. M. I. Sont elles-aussi concernees. Pourtant, seule une minorite a d'ores et deja integre cette activite d'e. P. F. Dans le cadre de sa gestion strategique. L'objectif de nos travaux de recherche a donc ete de sensibiliser ces entreprises au probleme de l'e. P. E. Et de leur permettre d'accroitre leur performance dans le domaine. Ils reposent sur une etude empirique et exploratoire menee aupres de p. M. E. P. M. I. Exportatrices de la region rhone-alpes. Nos resultats s'organisent en quatre points : nous proposons tout d'abord un outil d'aide au diagnostic permettant aux entreprises d'identifier la ou les priorites de leur activite d'e. P. E. Ceci nous amene a elaborer une typologie des p. M. E. P. M. I au regard de leur activite d'e. P. E. Ainsi qu'a mettre en evidence les principaux determinants de la capacite d'e. P. E. De l'entreprise. Enfin, nous terminons par la presentation d'organismes susceptibles d'aider les p. M. E. P. M. I. A realiser une ecoute prospective de leur environnement
Firms evolve today in a more and more turbulent environment. So, they must inform themselves, and realize a scanning of their environment, so as to anticipate all threats and opportunities which can influence they future. Small and middle firms are also concerned by scanning. Neverthless, only few of them have integer this activity in its management. The purpose of our working is to make these firms sensitive to the question of scanning, and to permit them to improve in this area. Our working is based on an empirical study, lead on small and middle export firms of "rhone-alpes". The results are the following : first, we propose an decision making support, which allows the firms to identify the priorities of their scanning activity. Its leads us to work out a typology of small and middle firms regards to their scanning activity, and then to reveal the main determinants of the scanning's capacity of firms. At least, we present some organisms which can help small and middle firms to realize their scanning activity
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9

Watt, Mary R. "The 'stunned' and the 'stymied' : The P.O.W. experience in the history of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion, 1939-1945." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/966.

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Stimulated by a pronouncement of Joan Beaumont that prisoners of war are a neglected subject of historical inquiry this thesis undertakes an empirical and analytical study concerning this topic. Within the context of the prisoner of war experience in the history of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion during the Second World War, it puts a case for including non-operational strands of warfare in the body of Australian official military history. To facilitate this contention the study attempts to show the reasons for which historians might study the scope and range of the prisoner of war experience. Apart from describing the context and aims of the study, the paper utilizes Abraham Maslow's theory of a hierarchy of needs to highlight the plight of prisoners of war. Amongst the issues explored are themes of capture, incarceration and recovery. Suggestions are made to extend the base of volunteer soldiers curriculum in favour of a greater understanding of the prisoner of war and an awareness that rank has its privileges. In addition to the Official Records from the Australian War Memorial, evidence for the study has been drawn mainly from the archive of the 2/11th Infantry Battalion, Army Museum of Western Australia, catalogued by the writer as a graduate student, December 1992, and military literature that were readily available in Perth. At every opportunity the men are allowed to speak for themselves thus numerous and often lengthy quotations are included.
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10

Iker, Brandon Charles. "Application of Advanced Molecular Techniques in Applied Environmental Microbiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301699.

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Recent advancements in molecular biology such as next generation sequencing and more sensitive and rapid molecular detection methods like qPCR, have historically been developed for clinical applications in human genetics and for health care diagnostic purposes. The high demand for faster and more accurate molecular assays in the health care field has driven rapid development of inexpensive molecular techniques that when applied to the science of environmental microbiology, provides an unprecedented level of understanding of the microbial world around us. The goal of this dissertation is to begin to apply more advanced molecular technologies to problems in applied environmental microbiology. Appendix A is a brief literature review of next generation sequencing technologies for applications in environmental microbiology. Appendix B focuses on the development of a more robust virus nucleic extraction kit for the detection of viral genomes from environmental samples found to contain high concentrations of qPCR inhibitors, such as humic acids or heavy metals. Appendix C summarizes one of the largest virus surveys done in the US, using state of the art qPCR technologies in both wastewater influent and effluent from two wastewater treatment plants in the Southwest. Data suggests that traditional virus indicators may not be a viable tool to evaluate fecally impacted source water or virus removal during water treatment. The third study summarized in Appendix D, provides one of the first insights into the microbial ecology of biofilms utilized as biological treatment media using Roche 454 amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
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11

VIENNET, BILLOT NATHALIE. "Prevention medico-psychologique chez l'enfant : une experience de jardins familiaux menee a besancon sur deux annees par le service p.m.i." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3053.

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12

Sire, Bruno. "Contribution à la connaissance de la flexibilité potentielle des entreprises l'exemple des P.M.I. sous traitantes de l'aéronautique en Midi-Pyrénées /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376099617.

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13

Lorenzini, Caterina. "Indagine conoscitiva su uno strumento fisioterapico di raccolta dati creato per il processo di transizione all’età adulta dei giovani con P.C.I." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Tipologia dello studio. Indagine conoscitiva ed esplorativa. Background. Il momento della transizione dai Servizi dell’età evolutiva ai Servizi dell’età adulta è spesso fonte di disagio per i giovani con Paralisi Cerebrale e le loro famiglie: il differente approccio su cui questi servizi sono improntati, unitamente alla carente comunicazione tra i due team professionali, rende difficile l’instaurarsi di un’efficace continuità assistenziale. A lungo termine, tutto ciò va a incidere negativamente sulla salute e sulla qualità della vita di questi ragazzi e famiglie. Obiettivo. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato creare un documento di raccolta dati, principalmente focalizzato su funzionalità e necessità degli utenti, in grado di rappresentare un valido mezzo di comunicazione tra professionisti e di favorire una proficua presa in carico. Metodi. Il progetto è iniziato con una revisione delle evidenze circa le criticità e le best practices del processo di transizione, nel corso della quale però non è stato possibile reperire un documento simile a quello che ci si è proposti di sviluppare. È stato quindi costruito uno strumento basato sull’ICF e sul modello delle “F-words” promosso da CanChild. Conclusa la stesura, è stata effettuata un’indagine conoscitiva entro un campione di fisioterapisti dell’AUSL di Bologna (appartenenti ad entrambe le équipe), richiedendo un feedback sulla bontà della scheda tramite un questionario di gradimento. Risultati. La scheda ha ricevuto giudizi positivi per ciò che concerne l’appropriatezza, l’interpretabilità, la fattibilità e la validità di contenuto. È stato però sottolineato che la compilazione del documento richiede tempo e attenzione. Conclusioni. Dati i feedback ottenuti, si ritiene di aver raggiunto un risultato soddisfacente e ci si augura che questo progetto possa proseguire con uno studio di miglioramento delle prassi cliniche che porti, auspicabilmente, all’integrazione dello strumento nella pratica professionale.
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AL, MAHMOUD AL OMER RADWAN. "Le comportement des petites et moyennes entreprises francaises et le developpement international : motivations - risques - strategies. le cas des p.m.e. - p.m.i. de basse - normandie." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN0554.

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L'objet de cette these est d'analyser les comportements des petites et moyennes entreprises (p. M. E. - p. M. I. ) au plan de leur developpement international. Elle s'interroge, en particulier, sur les motivations et les objectifs qui sont a l'orgine de l'engagement international de l'entreprise, ainsi que sur les obstacles et les risques auxquels la p. M. E. Se trouve confrontee dans son choix. Elle s'interroge egalement sur les strategies internationales adoptees par ce type d'entreprises, en considerant le developpement international comme un choix strategique de diversification. D'un part de vue metholdologique, cette recherche s'appuie sur des donnees quantitatives recueillies aupres d'un echantillon de 65 p. M. E. - p. M. I. Exportatrices et non exportatrices interrogees par questionnaire postal, enfin, les resultats de cette recherche permettent d'apporter des informations sur la necessite de l'ouverture internationale pour la p. M. E. Et montrent que la p. M. E. Justement specialisee et innovatrice est acte a s'engager sur les marches etrnagers. Il existe des formes de developpement qui permettent a la p. M. E. - p. M. I. De conquerir de nouveaux marches, de diversifier ses competences, sa technologie ou ses produits et de partager ses ressources et ses couts
This thesis aims at analysing how wmall and medium-sized firms (. M. Es) behave regarding their international development. This remphasis is laid on the motivations and objectives which are the origin of the international involvement of the firm, as well as the impediments and risks faced by the firm. The emphasis is also laid on the international strategy adopted by this kind of firms when considering the international development as a strategical choice of diversification. From a methodological point of view, this research uses quantitative dataz collected from a sample containing 65 exporting and no exporting s. M. Es. A questionnaire has been sent to them. At last the results of this research provide us with information showing that s. M. Es need an opening onto the world. It also shows that any s. M. E. Which is pecialized and innovative is in a position to get involved on a foreign market. There exist different forms of development which allow a s. M. E to capture new markets, to diversify its competences, its technology or its product and to share out its ressources and costs
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Pincella, Marco. "Proposte di aggiornamento dei criteri utilizzati nel P.A.I. dell'autorità di bacino del Po per l'identificazione delle aree a rischio inondazione:il caso di studio del torrente Stirone." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2909/.

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16

Fotso, Yumgue Carine. "Contribution à la connaissance des spécificités et des pratiques de financement de l'entreprise familiale africaine : une étude empirique sur un échantillon de P.M.I. familiales non cotées au Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40004.

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L'intérêt que continue d'accorder la recherche en gestion à la question non résolue du financement de l'entreprise, trouve dans l'objet de la présente étude un terrain d'analyse certain. La finance organisationnelle à travers les nouvelles théories de l'entreprise a su mettre l'acteur et les différentes parties prenantes au coeur de la gouvernance d'entreprise. Les pratiques de financement au sein de l'entreprise familiale africaine se révèlent être influencées par la structure de propriété du capital de l'entreprise. Dans le cadre de la P. M. I. Familiale camerounaise non cotée, cette structure est construite autour d'un ensemble de déterminants identifiés comme spécifiques de ce type d'entreprise. Si la "Famille" en tant que concept socio-économique fondamental en Afrique en est ici le principal, le profil du dirigeant-propriétaire se révèle entre autre comme un déterminant majeur
The interest which research in management continues to grant to the unsolved question of the financing of the firm, finds in the object of this study and unquestionable ground of analysis. The organizational finance through the new theories of the firm knew how to put the actor and the various engaging parties in the heart of the governance of the firm. Within the framework of the unquoted Cameroonian domestic small to midsize firm, this structure is built around a set of identified determiners specific to this type of firm. If the "Family" as fundamental socio-economic concept in Africa is here the main thing, the profile of the leader-owner appears also to be a major determiner
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Triolet, Michel. "Vers l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme éducatif en formation d'adultes ? : recherche sur la signification et les effets de l'introduction du P.E.I. au sein de l'A.F.P.A. de 1985 à 1988." Lyon 2, 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/triolet_m.

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Les pédagogues, les psychologues de l'A. F. P. A. (Association nationale pour la formation professionnelle des adultes) ne trouvant plus dans le paradigme éducatif historique de l'A. F. P. A. , les réponses aux questions de leurs pratiques quotidiennes avec les stagiaires, se sont tournés vers des outils d'éducabilité. Cinquante trois se sont formés au P. E. I. (programme d'enrichissement instrumental du professeur Reuven Feuerstein). Ils ont pu se définir de nouvelles finalités pour répondre aux exigences de la société et des entreprises. Le P. E. I. Fournit des grilles d'analyse (carte cognitive, paramètres de la médiation, fonctions cognitives déficientes, opérations mentales) qui permettent de questionner en permanence le travail du pédagogue : que maîtrise l'apprenant ? Est-il capable de comprendre, d'apprendre l'enseignement qui lui est destiné ? Que dit l'enseignement a l'enseigne ? C'est un tout nouveau regard, ou un regard ancien qu'ils ont su redécouvrir, que les pédagogues portent sur leur fonction d'enseignant. Il ne s'agit plus uniquement de transmettre l'indispensable savoir, mais, bien plus, grâce à l'"insight" (moment où l'apprenant comprend comment il vient d'apprendre) et au "bridging" (moment où l'apprenant est capable de prouver qu'il a compris en donnant des exemples dans d'autres champs), de s'assurer que les processus se sont transformés en procèdures et que celles-ci sont mobilisables pour être ré-utilisées dans des domaines différents. Ce faisant, l'apprenant manifeste cette malléabilité que le fait adaptatif et non pas adaptable, gage de pérennité pour l'enseignement dispense. Les pédagogues se sont apercus que ce nouveau regard est exigeant et demande un engagement de tous les instants : de plus en plus cependant, des pédagogues entrent, à titre personnel, dans cette logique, ils se sont redéfinis un nouveau paradigme éducatif en formation d'adultes
As A. F. P. A. Teachers and psychologists no longer find answers in their institution's historical and teaching paradigm which are relevent to their everyday practice in the classroom they have turned to new teachning tools. Fifty-three teachers were trained to use I. E (instrument enrichment) and they were able to define new objectives in order to meet society's and the public's large companies. I. E. Provides analysis grids so that teachers can always question what they are doing : what does the learner know ? Can he understand and, in the end, learn what the teacher intends to teach him ? What does the teacher's method convey to him ? For teachers it's either a new approach to their teaching or an old one they have rediscovered ; the problem is no longer to focus on what to teach but thanks to "insight" (the moment when the learner understands how he has learned) and "bridging" ( the moment when the learner can show that he has understood by giving examples taken in other areas of his experience) to make sure that learning processes are changed into methods that can be used any moment in different fields. In this way the learner will show the flexibility that will enable him to adjust and not to be ajusted. Teachers are aware that this new approch is most demanding and requires constant involvement ; however, more and more teachers are adopting this new logic. They have defined a new teachnig paradigm for adult vocational training
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Triolet, Michel Meirieu Philippe. "Vers l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme éducatif en formation d'adultes ? recherche sur la signification et les effets de l'introduction du P.E.I. au sein de l'A.F.P.A. de 1985 à 1988 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/triolet_m.

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19

RAFEI-DARMIAN, RIOTTE REGINE. "Reflexions a partir d'experiences en action d'education pour la sante sur la z. U. P. De la chapelle saint luc : place du medecin de p.m.i. dans le systeme de sante." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM010.

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20

Netolická, Nicole. "Zhodnocení vývoje veřejného dluhu a vládního deficitu v ČR s důrazem na část v rámci veřejného zdravotního pojištění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203773.

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The thesis aims to analyze the development of relevant debt indicators, i.e. state budget deficit, public debt, government deficit and debt, but also debt and the deficit of the public health insurance. The management of public health insurance in the Czech Republic is analyzed as well. Last but not least, the goal is to find also the most important factors affecting the growth of debt indicators of public health insurance and determine the possible consequences of the deficit of the public health insurance. The theoretical part consists of three chapters. The first chapter concerns the general public finances and financial imbalances. Here is particularly important the subchapter about the budget system. The second chapter deals with the debt indicators, namely public debt and its affiliates, as well as budget deficits and specific deficits. All of these debt ratios are then analyzed in the analytical part of this thesis. The last chapter relates to public health insurance. Analytical part is divided into two major chapters. The first chapter analyzes the development of the state budget, public debt, government deficit and government debt in the Czech Republic. The entire analysis is divided into two periods, namely 1993 to 2003 and 2004 to 2014. This section contains the definition of the most important causes of development. The second part is devoted to the analysis of public health insurance, namely its evolution, current state, but also the development of debt indicators of public health insurance, which are analyzed again within the Czech Republic in two seasons. At the conclusion of this chapter are defined the most important factors influencing the evolution of debt indicators of public health insurance and the impact of a possible deficit of the public health insurance.
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Carmo, Filho Jairson Jairo do. "Construir frondoso :uma heran?a esquecida?" Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12426.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JairsonJCF.pdf: 6185956 bytes, checksum: 86aab79c0148161eb5994ff9a35a8b54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-19
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This dissertation of master degree was presented to Post-Graduation Program in Architecture and Planning at UFRN, Brazil. It evaluates 45 one-family housings in the Metropolitan Area of Recife, whose architects consider them to be in conformity with the recommendations contained in Armando de Holanda's book: A Guide to build in the Brazilian Northeast: Architecture as a pleasant place in the sunny tropics , published in 1976 by UFPE. For a long time, it used to be reference in many Architecture and Planning Schools of the Northern Region of Brazil. The research s methodological procedures are based on the Post- Occupancy Evaluation (P.O.E.) with emphasis on the users' thermal comfort of the houses that make part of the sample. Therefore, it has been done technical analyses of the projects, when possible; interviews with the architects; building s inspections; and form applications to the users. The collected data analysis was based on the project recommendations of Holanda s book, they can be synthesized in the principle of Building Leafy". It can not be affirmed that all the houses present the recommendations contained in the guide, but, in many different ways, they exist, sometimes more intensely and sometimes more shyly. However, it can be noticed that in the 45 projects, that the architects perceived the importance of "Building Leafy" on the climatic reality of the Metropolitan Region of Recife
Esta disserta??o de mestrado apresentada no Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFRN, avalia 45 habita??es unifamiliares na Regi?o Metropolitana do Recife, cujos arquitetos, autores dos projetos, consideram estar em conformidade com as recomenda??es contidas no livro Roteiro para construir no Nordeste: Arquitetura como lugar ameno nos tr?picos ensolarados do arquiteto Armando de Holanda, publicado em 1976 pela UFPE, e que por muito tempo foi utilizado como refer?ncia em alguns dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da regi?o. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos da pesquisa se baseiam na Avalia??o P?s-Ocupa??o (A.P.O.), com ?nfase para o conforto t?rmico dos usu?rios das casas que comp?em a amostra. Para tanto, foram feitas: an?lises t?cnicas dos projetos, quando poss?vel; entrevistas a seus autores; vistorias nas edifica??es; e aplica??o de formul?rios aos moradores. A an?lise dos dados coletados foi feita ? luz do atendimento ?s recomenda??es projetuais do livro de Holanda, que podem ser sintetizadas no princ?pio do construir frondoso . N?o se pode afirmar que todas as casas apresentem 100% das recomenda??es contidas no roteiro, mas, de maneiras distintas, elas se fazem presentes, ?s vezes de maneira mais intensa, ?s vezes mais t?mida. Mas podemos perceber que nos 45 projetos seus autores perceberam a import?ncia do Construir frondoso para a realidade clim?tica da Regi?o Metropolitana do Recife
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Sonetti, Enza. "Come prevenire il rischio tributario nelle P.M.I.? Legittimo affidamento e condizioni di punibilità delle violazioni tributarie = ¿Cómo prevenir el riesgo tributario en las PyMES? Confianza legítima y condiciones de punibilidad de los incumplimientos tributarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668110.

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I costanti e rapidi mutamenti economici e sociali che investono le società contemporanee si ripercuotono inevitabilmente sulle attività di impresa. È opinione diffusa che tali cambiamenti incidono non poco sulla certezza del diritto e sulle aspettative che le imprese ripongono nello stesso per poter agire nel pieno rispetto delle regole. Gli operatori economici hanno la necessità di sapere in anticipo, se i propri comportamenti siano o meno rispondenti al diritto in maniera tale da poter prevedere sia le conseguenze degli stessi, sia l’esito di eventuali controversie. I rischi derivanti dall’incertezza del diritto moltiplicano infatti gli ostacoli rispetto agli obiettivi perseguiti delle imprese e tale percezione è forse maggiore in quelle realtà medio-piccole che già per dimensioni, capacità di accesso al credito, sostenibilità dei costi e pressione fiscale, faticano ad esser competitive. Stando ai dati forniti dall’Istat nel rapporto NoiItalia1, il tessuto italiano produttivo del sud è rappresentato per lo più da P.M.I. sulle quale gravano in maniera consistente i costi derivanti dall’eccessivo carico fiscale, aumentato in maniera esponenziale dal 2005 ad oggi. In tale contesto, l’incertezza normativa in materia tributaria rappresenta uno dei costi maggiori per le imprese che intendono pianificare ed appare immediatamente evidente l’importanza delle attività di compliance fiscale quale strumento in grado di assicurare una “certezza preventiva” in merito all’interpretazione e all’applicazione delle norme. L’importanza delle attività di tax compliance è ormai nota, tant’è che sia il legislatore italiano che quello spagnolo, al pari degli altri ordinamenti europei, hanno previsto meccanismi di cooperazione col contribuente – impresa. In particolare, se in Italia, con l’ultima riforma è stato introdotto un meccanismo di adempimento collaborativo limitato alle grandi imprese, sulla scorta delle indicazioni fornite dalla delega fiscale contenuta nella l. n. 23/2014, nell’ordinamento spagnolo è stato disegnato un meccanismo di collaborazione, sempre limitato alle grandi imprese, strutturato su base volontaria, mediante l’adesione al cd. Código de buenas prácticas tributarias. In tale contesto, è chiaro quanto sia forte la necessità che il contribuente-impresa, possa far affidamento sulle norme da applicare ai singoli casi di specie che si pongono quotidianamente all’attenzione nell’esercizio delle proprie attività produttive senza che revirement interpretativi dell’amministrazione finanziaria e della giurisprudenza, norme dalla incerta interpretazione o peggio ancora, norme retroattive, si ripercuotano sulle stesse. Fra le maggiori ragioni di incertezza fiscale per le imprese di medie dimensioni sono comprese in primo luogo le frequenti variazioni normative, seguite dalla carenza di coerenza e univocità delle decisioni giurisprudenziali nonché dall’assenza di chiarezza delle norme. Il presente progetto di ricerca è stato sviluppato a seguito di un confronto “pratico” con l’azienda che ha ospitato lo stage previsto dal programma di dottorato. Partendo dunque dallo studio dei rapporti intercorrenti fra legittimo affidamento, violazioni tributarie e circostanze esimenti e trasponendo i risultati nell’ambito delle attività di pianificazione tributaria dell’azienda interessata, si è proceduto all’analisi dei quesiti posti dall’impresa nei casi pratici. Fra le istanze avanzate dall’azienda vi è quella di procedere ad un’attività di pianificazione tributaria nazionale ed internazionale, nell’ambito della quale si possa procedere all’analisi di tutti quegli elementi che ne impediscono e rallentano lo sviluppo e l’internazionalizzazione. I quesiti posti dall’impresa hanno indirizzato sia l’attività di stage, sia l’intera attività di studio rivolta alla ricerca di soluzioni pratiche a diverse problematiche, prima fra tutte quella relativa alla prevenzione della crisi di impresa, attraverso la riduzione delle perdite derivanti dalla mancata riscossione dei crediti e sotto un profilo prettamente fiscale attraverso l’individuazione del momento in cui si verificano i fatti che consentono la deducibilità delle perdite su crediti. È stata infine analizzata la questione inerente la scusabilità degli errori commessi dal contribuente e la gestione efficace del tax risk da parte delle p.m.i.
La tesis aborda los temas de los mecanismos de prevención del riesgo tributario y de la importància de los principios de confiança legítima y buena fe en la relación entre la administración financera y los contribuyentes. A partir de un anàlisis de las razones que determinan inseguridad jurídica y que pueden aumentar los riesgos de incumplimiento, la tesis analiza los sistemas de coperative compliance existentes en Italia y España y pasa en reseña el sistema de cooperación holandés, único mecanismo abierto a la participación de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. De hecho, los mecanismos de cumplimiento cooperativos introducidos en muchos paises en los últimos años, si no se considera el sistema holandés, están dirigidos solo a las grandes empresas, excluyendo las pymes que más necesitarían medidas y principios capaces de simplificar su cumplimiento y reducir los riesgos de errores. La relación que se instala a partir de los mecanismos de cumplimiento cooperativo se funda en la confianza, comprensión mutua, transparència y permite conocer mejor las razones que guían las acciones de las empresas. Para el contribuyente, la cooperación representa una oportunidad para obtener una reducción de los riesgos de cumplimiento, una fortificación de su reputación comercial en el mercado en el que opera, así como en una mayor Seguridad jurídica en cuanto a la interpretación y aplicación de las reglas y sus consecuencias. Es por esta razón que en la segunda parte se realiza un anàlisis de los principios de confianza legítima y de buena fe y de sus reflejos en los sistemas sancionadores poniendo particular atención en los sistemos legislativos italiano, español y holandés. Los dos principios constituyen una garantia por ambas partes de la relación tributaria y permiten facilitar y mejorar el cumplimiento voluntario. En este sentido se aspira a demostrar que son estos dos principios que deberían guiar la relación cooperativa con todos los contribuyentes y marcar sus fases, desde la aplicación de las normas hasta la posible aplicación de sanciones.
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Lalizel, Gildas. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'aérodynamique d'un jet annulaire à très grand rapport de diamètres." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012179.

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Les écoulements de jet annulaire sont des écoulements majoritairement utilisés dans le domaine industriel (écoulement de « bluff body », procédés de fabrication de fibre de verre. ..) mais représentent paradoxalement une infime partie des études fondamentales des jets. Pour cette raison, nous nous sommes intéressés à la caractérisation expérimentale d'un jet annulaire d'air de rapport de diamètres r égal à 0,91 (Do=53,88 mm et Di=48,75 mm) pour trois nombres." de Reynolds compris entre 12240 et 45900. Les vitesses ont été mesurées jusqu'à 10 diamètres Do à l'aide de l'Anémométrie Doppler Laser (A.D.L.), de la Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules (P.I. V.) et du fil chaud. L'écoulement de jet annulaire possède successivement les caractéristiques d'un écoulement de sillage et d'un écoulement de jet axisymétrique.
Les instabilités se développant dans les couches de mélange externe et interne de la zone de recirculation ont été résolues spatialement et temporellement. L'utilisation conjointe de mesures P.I.V. décorrélées en temps de la zone de recirculation, de la P.O.D. et d'une mesure temporelle locale par A.D.L. a permis d'établir un scénario de l'évolution temporelle du sillage.
La zone de jet pleinement développé a également été étudiée à partir de mesures d'A.D.L. et de fil chaud. Les évolutions des grandeurs intégrales (quantité de mouvement, débit, vitesses, demi largeur du jet, nombre de Reynolds turbulent), des différentes échelles (échelles de Kolmogorov, de Taylor et intégrale) et du taux de dissipation moyen ont été mesurées sur l'axe du jet. Une comparaison des variations de ces différentes grandeurs a permis d'inclure le jet rond comme un cas asymptotique des jets annulaires.
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Belaud, Lydie. "Une approche ergonomique des sites marchands sur internet : de la perception au comportement des consommateurs." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681182.

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L'environnement très concurrentiel de la toile détermine le contexte de la recherche. Attirer un internaute n'est pas simple et de surcroît, cela ne suffit pas puisqu'il faut ensuite qu'il devienne un consommateur fidèle qui recommandera le site marchand. La littérature a identifié certaines variables ergonomiques isolées ou semi-groupées qui auraient une influence sur l'intention comportementale, en termes d'intention d'achat, de retour, ou en termes d'intention de recommander le site, mais aucune approche satisfaisante du construit ergonomie, considéré dans sa globalité, n'est recensée dans la littérature marketing. Ce fut l'un des enjeux de cette recherche doctorale puisque nous nous sommes demandé quelle pouvait être l'influence de la perception de l'ergonomie, comprise de façon holistique, sur l'intention comportementale de l'internaute. Des allers-retours entre la littérature et les études exploratoires nous ont conduits vers des questions de recherche complémentaires. En effet, évaluer l'influence de la perception de l'ergonomie requiert de prendre en considération l'orientation motivationnelle de l'internaute, les efforts sous-jacents au traitement d'un stimulus visuel étant en partie liés à la motivation d'un individu. Par ailleurs, nous avons voulu dépasser la seule perspective cognitive pour considérer une vision plus expérientielle de la consommation. Enfin, nous avons étudié la relation qu'il pouvait y avoir entre le comportement sur le site traduit par les données logs et l'intention comportementale. Ainsi, le paradigme Personne x Objet x Situation nous a paru le mieux adapté à cette recherche doctorale en ce qu'il stipule que pour déterminer les sources ou les causes d'un phénomène il faut à la fois prendre en compte les caractéristiques de l'objet étudié, les caractéristiques de l'individu ainsi que les caractéristiques situationnelles. La circonscription et la mesure de la perception de l'ergonomie, un construit jusque-là non clairement délimité en comportement du consommateur, est l'un des apports théoriques majeurs de cette recherche. Nous avons créé un instrument de mesure court, aux propriétés psychométriques très satisfaisantes et qui est valable pour tout type de site. Le modèle structurel a montré que la perception de l'ergonomie d'un site n'aurait pas d'influence sur l'intention comportementale en ce sens où la relation serait totalement médiatisée par la dimension hédonico sensorielle. D'un point de vue managérial, cette recherche doctorale insiste sur une révision des standards ergonomiques tels qu'ils sont définis actuellement, conjointement à une meilleure prise en compte de la dimension hédonico sensorielle. Le gestionnaire de l'entreprise virtuelle s'interrogera sur un ré-enchantement du site marchand, ainsi que sur le degré de réenchantement de ce site, ce qui passera par une véritable réflexion stratégique quant au positionnement de l'enseigne et un juste équilibre entre standards ergonomiques et variables expérientielles. D'un point de vue méthodologique, nous avons souligné la complémentarité expert/utilisateur et toute la richesse d'une multiangulation des sources de données. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur des méthodologies issues d'autres disciplines comme l'oculométrie traditionnellement utilisée en IHM et qui reste peu répandue en comportement du consommateur. Nous avons montré pourquoi l'utilisation des données eye tracking pouvait se révéler particulièrement intéressante pour le chercheur, la manipulation de variables liées au design étant alors évaluée par une réponse quasi physiologique comme le temps passé sur une zone. Enfin, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthodologie de collecte des logs avec l'utilisation du logiciel Netobserve, un outil particulièrement intéressant pour des sites non administrés par le chercheur et qui rend une relative autonomie dans le choix du terrain de recherche.
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Millan, Stéphanie. "Vers un statut international en faveur des personnes deplacées à l'interieur de leur propre pays." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111020.

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Le déplacement interne forcé est un phénomène ancien et récurrent dont la communautéinternationale a tardé à se saisir. Ce n’est qu’en 1992 que le Secrétaire général des NationsUnies a nommé un Représentant spécial chargé des personnes déplacées internes. Dès sanomination, ce dernier a entrepris un important travail d’analyse et de compilation des normesinternationales afin d’étudier l’applicabilité de celles-ci aux personnes déplacées internes.L’aboutissement de ce travail a permis l’élaboration et la présentation des « Principesdirecteurs relatifs au déplacement de personnes à l’intérieur de leur propre pays » en 1998.Ces Principes directeurs sont par la suite devenus un cadre de référence pour ledéveloppement d’instruments internationaux conventionnels de portée régionale dont ledernier en date est la Convention de Kampala adoptée en 2009 par l’Union africaine.Cette étude a un double-objet. Tout d’abord, mettre en évidence l’évolution normative qu’aconnue la notion de personne déplacée interne et la protection juridique internationale relativeà cette notion. Ensuite, de se questionner sur l’émergence d’un statut juridique internationalen faveur des déplacés internes à travers l’analyse du concept de responsabilité de protéger etl’examen de l’utilité et de l’intérêt de ce statut juridique international dont l’émergencepourrait être entravée par d’éventuels obstacles juridiques
Forced internal displacement is an old and recurring phenomenon that the internationalcommunity has been slow to grasp. It was not until 1992 that the United Nations GeneralSecretary appointed a Special Representative on internally displaced persons. Upon hisappointment, the Special Representative undertook a major work of analysis and compilationof international norms in order to study their applicability to internally displaced persons.The culmination of this work has enabled the development and presentation of the “GuidingPrinciples on internal displacement” in 1998. These guidelines have subsequently become animportant framework for the development of international treaties with regional impactwhose latest is the Kampala Convention adopted in 2009 by the African Union.This study has a double-object. First of all, it is to underline the important evolution of thenotion of internally displaced person and of the international legal protection regarding thisnotion.Secondly, it is to question about the emergence of an international legal status dedicated tointernally displaced persons through the analysis of the concept of responsibility to protectand through the review of the usefulness and the significance of this international legal statuswhose emergence could be hampered by possible legal obstacles
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Danlos, Amélie. "Dynamique des jets contrôlés : Application à l'étude du mélange dans des écoulements de jets annulaires à très grand rapport de diamètres." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649177.

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Les jets annulaires turbulents sont des écoulements soumis à de fortes instabilités qui peuvent devenir un handicap pour certaines applications industrielles (procédés de fibrage du verre, ventilation individuelle, ventilation opérationnelle, brûleurs, neige de culture ...). Ces écoulements particuliers de jets axisymétriques sont complexes puisqu'ils regroupent des phénomènes de sillage et de mélange. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer des méthodes de contrôle de la zone initiale des jets annulaires d'air de très grand rapport de diamètres (r=0,91), pour des nombres de Reynolds élevés (Ree=5130, Ree=2565, Ree=1368, e étant l'épaisseur de l'anneau de jet de 2,565mm), afin de répondre aux attentes des industriels mais aussi de mieux comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu dans la formation de l'écoulement. Deux méthodes ont été étudiées. Une voie de contrôle passif par modification de géométrie de l'obstacle central a permis d'agir sur le sillage et de modifier la morphologie du jet. Les jets annulaires basique, conique et sphéroïdal ont été comparés pour obtenir des jets plus efficaces pour certaines applications. Un contrôle actif par forçage acoustique a été appliqué au jet annulaire basique afin de réduire le battement du jet autour de son axe sans modifier la géométrie de la buse. Différents paramètres de forçage (fréquence, position de l'excitation, phase de l'onde) ont été observés pour déterminer une configuration efficace de contrôle des instabilités de l'écoulement. Les méthodes de diagnostic utilisées sont intrusives (anémométrie par fil chaud) ou non intrusives (Tomographie rapide, Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules, Anémométrie Doppler Laser 2D et 3D) et sont complétées par un post-traitement de Décomposition Orthogonales en Modes Propres (P.O.D.) pour analyser les structures cohérentes de l'écoulement et déterminer l'influence du contrôle passif ou actif sur ces structures de différentes échelles. Une Simulation Numérique Directe (D.N.S.) est enfin proposée pour modéliser le contrôle passif des écoulements de jets annulaires turbulents de très grands rapports de diamètres.
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MacLeod, Katie. "ROBUST ACCOMMODATION FOR THE HOMELESS IN P.E.I." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13326.

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This thesis is concerned with providing shelter for the transient and marginalized homeless population in a city. Understanding the relationships between the city, neighbourhood, shelter and shelter guest help formulate design parameters. How can architecture best negotiate an appropriate balance between function, safety and quality of space in the interior, and an appropriate integration into the neighbourhood? Located in downtown Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, an emergency homeless shelter, related health services and formal supports are allied with additional program components. A community garden, restaurant, artists’ gallery, artists’ workshops and permanent housing units serve the shelter guests while inviting neighbourhood residents into the site. By encouraging interaction between the community and shelter guests, the hybrid programming strengthens the project for both the neighbors and the support service users. These programs welcome the community to participate in the social aspects while also aiding in generating revenue for the shelter and support programs. The architecture provides a variety of spaces and programs within the building and site to encourage active participation in events and social interaction among the shelter guests and wider community. The project ultimately aims for holistic community well-being through examining proper siting, neighbourhood context, mixed-use buildings, innovative programming and design.
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Daniel, Cathleen Lundy. "Left behind cinematic revisions of the Vietnam P.O.W. /." 2001. http://viva.lib.virginia.edu/etd/masters/ArtsSci/English/2001/Daniel/v/home.html.

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Zeng, Jia-Yi, and 曾佳怡. "The Creation for official website of PIN-OU FURNITURE(P.O.F)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63449699280877434945.

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碩士
中原大學
商業設計研究所
105
The rise of the Internet not only changes people''s lives, but also changed the traditional way of marketing, and thus promote the development of e-commerce. Consumers may purchase at any time by contacting the Internet at any time. While the use of online marketing companies in the marketing costs and personnel costs are relatively reduced expenses. Through the literature discussion to explore and case study, finishing the collection of well-known furniture manufacturers at this stage the characteristics and sales content to do information collection, the collection of website design and graphic design layout planning, from which cross-analysis for the future creation of information. Reference to foreign success stories such as moooi, Fuhaus, cizoo&co design methods, the final implementation of the actual creation. Creative focus to the image interface to assist the text and graphic design to simplify the main furniture information, trying to reduce the cumbersome text description of the site design, the internal part of the product will be divided into different styles and then compared with other manufacturers to differentiate. Hoping to help the company through the Internet with the combination of multimedia features, and thus enhance the company''s official website image and marketing channels to diversify.
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Hsieh, Yu-Ying, and 謝育穎. "A P.O.E. Study on Auditorium of Cultural Centers in Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77061406874583556308.

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博士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
91
In this thesis, basic on the methods of Post Occupancy Evaluation such approaches as field observation, measurement of physical property and audience questionnaire are applied to evaluate on validation of space planning and facilities performance in auditorium of cultural centers in Taiwan. This P.O.E. research attempts to aim at stage, auditorium and building acoustics. Hope to find out the current situation and to know well the good and bad functions in auditorium of cultural centers in Taiwan, so as to draft a criterion of evaluation and bring up a way to deal with the situation of these auditoria. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The orientation of auditorium of cultural centers in Taiwan: The auditorium of cultural centers in Taiwan is a multi-use hall and a rental house. It must supply the essential performing facilities for a performer. 2. The current situation and the way to deal with of space planning and facilities performance in auditorium of cultural centers: The insufficient of arrangement and supporting space on stage is a generality problem. It needs a management to keep the side stage clear. The lake of maintenance budget and specialty staffs is another problem. This could be overcome by enhancing the daily maintenance capability of staffs. 3. The current situation and the way to deal with of building acoustics performance in auditorium of cultural centers: According to the result, the quality of total validation of room acoustics in auditorium is acceptable. However, the noise of air condition system and the loose daily maintenance of auditorium, those will affect on audiences’ view of acoustic quality, leave much to be desired for each auditorium. As result of P.O.E., audiences can less stand the noise made by other audiences during the performance; another one is they emphasis on sound clarity and accepts shorter reverberation time. 4. Basic on comparison between the investigation of field survey and the opinion of audience and referring to documents, a P.O.E. checklist of auditorium was framed. It not only can be use to evaluate the performance of built auditorium but also the plan of new project.
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Xu, Jin-Zhi, and 許晉誌. "A study on lighting of urban park from the standpoint of P.O.E." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02508808982083572666.

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Hsu, Chin Chih, and 許晉誌. "A Study on Lighting of Urban Park From The Standpoint of P.O.E." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05978052571374311728.

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碩士
逢甲大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
82
As the amount of urban park today. The area of urban park is not sufficient and difficult to get. As the quality of the park, the planning design of the park today is the "supplier leading" type. This research tries to use the P.O.E. method to understand the user''''s degree of satisfaction of the environment. The purpose indicates that: 1. Drawing up the evaluation criteria of park lighting. 2. Exploring the user''''s perception of park lighting and the factors that influence the perception. 3. Comparing the actual environmental evaluation and the user''''s evaluation result. Through a case study the evaluation and method of building park lighting is justfied. The factors that affect the lighting environment in the Chung-san park are in the order of their effectivesness; 1. brightness of lighting, 2. environmental security, 3. environmental landscape. The factors in the Chung- cheng park are, in the order of effectiveness; 1. environmental security, 2. colour of lighting, 3. activity safety, 4. accentuate the environmental character, 5. brightness of lighting. We can see that after comparing the two park''''s evaluation, the three main qualities of the park that the visitors loof for during night time are: security, brightness, and environmental view.
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I-CHEN, TAI, and 戴伊辰. "The Processing and Meaning of Participatory Design By Reconstruction and P.O.E In Outdoor Bulletin Board." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70309578739101893284.

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碩士
國立花蓮教育大學
視覺藝術教育研究所
95
In recent years, Taiwan pays attention to the promotion of space quality gradually. Since the Council for Cuture Affairsl begin to promote the plan that ' the Integrated Community Development ' in 1994. The case built through participating in is getting more and more. Among them, ' the Creative campus plan of the intention ' of Ministry of Education, the idea that ' Participatory Design ' will go still one step further to take root in the campus. They expect to break over the unbalanced state of rigid system and space power that bureaucracy determines campus planning with full authority, create the ideal environment in user's mind together , promote the space quality in the campus and strengthen the user's identify. But in carrying out, the school often gets into a difficult position to the implementation that ' ' Participatory Design ' '. The reason comes from the course participated in to need to spend more time and manpower. Administrant units face to the pressure of utilizing budget and feel a little conflict. Researcher participate in the transformation of outdoors bullet in Hualien Educational University. It is base for the investigations ,it diagnose after space, questionnaire investigation, design plan, holding public meetings, design amend, network voter, construction and post-occupancy evaluation (P.O.E) . Issue make student sensitivity in campus environmental topic and care, and participate in the user together, build out positive environmental values and identify. But the researcher finds in the course, fail to design communicating , no participate in construction and participation which lacks power and cause a lot of positive and negative discussion of suggestion. So, the researcher think that we should have the power and ability of design that should give consideration to user's participation. Let depth of participation strengthen, join guidance of speciality person, and get more specialized discussions. Avoid to the judgement of the personal taste. On the other hand, the campus administration should encourage to transform actions continuously and pay attention to the project of the school. Let construction stage have impetus of user's participation too. In order to shorten the difference from planning and carrying out and avoid to the sense of defeat of participate. In addition, the campus administration should make the best of the advantage of every department of the school, build and construct the characteristic of the campus. They should depict the clear campus image for teachers and students, create the environmental topic that teachers and students are interested in, and incorporate to teaching material. Let teachers and students and school further approval. There can be more inspiration and imagination to the environmental reconstruction in the campus.
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Liu, Chia Hui, and 劉佳惠. "Structure and P.O.V in DVD-ROM database narratives:analyzing "Bleeding through layers of Los Angeles：1920-1986"." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97599370652166385649.

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碩士
國立政治大學
廣播電視學研究所
99
Fiction performs through text. Photography performs through images. Movie performs with video; with the help of montage, video has meanings. All of them are traditional narratives, and digital narrative contains all of the above. How does digital narrative work these out? This research aims to discuss “the database narratives”. As a type of digital narrative, how does database narrative completely dismantle the traditional narrative elements into a digital format? By analyzing the reference documents, we could find the relation between theories of the traditional narrative and digital narrative. Through the selected piece of work “Bleeding Through Layers of Los Angeles：1920-1986”, this research focuses on "narrative structure," and "point of view," trying to understand the way of storytelling in digital times. This research concludes with the following: 1. Open narrative structure renders a text more interpretations. 2. Inter-textuality enhances the scale of narrative to the most. 3. Interactive narrative enables readers more interactions with the text.
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Huang, Yi-Hui, and 黃伊慧. "Study on the P.O.E. of Shopping Facility Upgrading－ A Case of Jyuejiang Market of YanchengDistrict ,Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78398811593046942053.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
都市發展與建築研究所
97
In recent years for cooperating with business environment and transition demand of attitude of consuming, Kaohsiung municipal government aggressively helps shop streets with the selling tactics software and with intact hardware upgrading to precede “Shopping Streets Upgrading and Renew” project. The purpose of this project is to offer comfortable, clean and rich of local characteristic shopping environment, to improve the competitiveness of shopping street, and to unite the unions of shopping streets to organize a common understanding of re-molding the style and characteristic of the shopping street and creating the new business opportunity of streets of traditional shops. This post occupancy evaluation research is ranged in “Jyuejiang Market of Yancheng District,Kaohsiung City ” upgrading project, based on “owners’ improvement demands” and “use and management propagation system”, and focused on the interview with owners, site visit, and Q/A survey. After the data is collected, organize the information according to demands and improvement items, and compare with the constructed facilities to form the research format. The P.O.E is used to consolidate the research theory, post-study and suggestion. Computer software SPSS15.0 is also used to analyze the collect data in order to understand the participation of the owners to the project, and the differences between the demands of the owners and improvement. After the research is completed, the suggestions of maintenance and management are generated and returned to the shopping street management system for maintenance and management reference. The result of research shows： 1. Before any improvement, the demands and participation of shop owners shall be understood. The demands could be implemented and the purpose of upgrading and improvement could be promoted by communication and negotiation of public department with assistance of owner organization. 2.During the improvement, the government authorities need to confer with the shop owners to understand their needs, and to propose the improvement strategies. This could help the improvement to be more integrated. Comment survey is also required after the facilities are being used. The survey helps to analyze the differences between the basic design and actual construction, to avoid similar problems in the future, and improve the construction quality. 3.After improvement, proposing suggestions of maintenance and management to the shop management and enhancing the “team” concept of the shop owners are necessary. This could help the shop owners aggressively involve in the facilities maintenance and management program. By evaluating the development and framework of the shopping street upgrading project, the evaluation method of environment improvement can be used in relevant academic research. And hope this research will provide a new lease of life to the renewal of the street of traditional shop of the city in the future, produce sympathetic response for deeper research, and provide more mature thinking pattern of traditional shopping street upgrading project.
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Bridera, Claudio Daniel. "Sistema de generación de texto automático en dominios acotados." Bachelor's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/2788.

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Tesis (Lic. en Ciencias de la Computación)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, 2015.
El presente trabajo consiste en desarrollar un sistema de generación de lenguaje natural basado en templates capaz de producir avisos clasificados bien formados referidos a un producto en proceso de comercialización o de promoción. Para tal objetivo elaboramos un corpus, extrayendo de Internet avisos clasificados, el que estudiamos y analizamos utilizando diversas técnicas de procesamiento de texto. A lo largo de este trabajo describimos el desarrollo de dos algoritmos particulares implementados en Php: AdGen y su componente principal AdTagger. El primero es un sistema capaz de aprender estadísticamente representaciones de plantillas para la generación de texto, y el segundo es un etiquetador de entidades de dominio que posee una precisión del 89 % y fue elaborado en base al corpus disponible.
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Ho, Chien-Ming, and 何健銘. "A Study on P.O.E of Urban Plaza Open Space─A Case Study of Hsin-Yi District,Taipei City." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38316271635981048350.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
91
This research is concerned with the characteristics of urban plaza open space in physical cases, which is estimated by the method of post-occupancy evaluation (POE), and the understanding of behavior demand for user. In accordance with evaluation criterion, the effects of planning in plaza open space can be inspected and be evaluated as aspects of activity subjects, facilities using, and satisfaction degree. The investigation into the using situation in urban open space is made use of observations and questionaries. By way of quantitative analysis and question detection, the physical demand and development strategy for user is proposed. Consequently, the improvement of physical facility space and planning of open space will be considered. The result of research reveals that the different ages present the different preference for the behavior and open space; the length of using time has a deep relation with the function of facilities providing in plaza. In general, the performance of facilities displays that user satisfaction is average or good in study area, and it happens as aspect on facilities and space environment consequently. For the three study zones, there is a highest satisfaction with zone B, the next is zone A, and zone C needs to be improved widely in whole environment. The planning principle of plaza open space which including the factors of practicability, activity, glasnost, accessibility, landscape, and maintenance is not only for the designer’s decision or the constraints on clauses, but also for the human behavior and demand in urban environment.
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Po-LungLin and 林柏龍. "Study on the Structural Glass Hardware in Taiwan by P.O.E─ Dot Point Glazing System on Bolted Fixing with swivel joints." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qdk325.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
100
In recent years, people usually use Structural Glass Hardware as their design in the architectures in Taiwan, because its fast production and construction process using Dry Method are time-saving and also look artistic. One of the most frequently used designs is Point Supported Glass Curtain Wall. In the literature review, we found out the Structural Glass Hardware’s functions and maintenance. Then, we used P.O.E to divide it into two parts; first is its present situation, and our interview and survey, with the built public architectures as the main investigation object. The second part is the questionnaires, and the respondents are those manufacturers and users that use the Structural Glass Hardware. In this research, we take the Structural Glass Hardware by P.O.E. in Taiwan as research subject to discuss the usage and maintenance of Bolted Fixing with swivel joints on Point Supported Glass Curtain Wall. We analyze its problem after usage, and try to know what problem may cause during the maintain process. Besides, we also concentrate on the combination of Structural Glass Hardware and architecture design, in order to study the functions and reasonability for using different kinds of Structural Glass Hardware. Finally, we present the durability and maintenance plans for it. The research results are organized as follows: First, according to the investigation, most of the anomalies happened two years after the Structural Glass Hardware was used. Therefore, establishing the Maintenance Management Mechanism in every two years is absolutely necessary. Second, for the evaluation of the efficiency after Structural Glass Hardware actually used, users have different opinion toward it. For Hardware, they seldom do maintenance after the building, and it usually causes problems like glass broken, leaking, corrosion for swivel joints and loosing screws. These kinds of problems happen more and more frequently nowadays. Thirdly, for Hardware of Bolted Fixing with swivel joints, “Handling” and “Socket Head” type are the most frequently used Bolted Fixing with swivel joints in Taiwan, and most of them are the X type swivel joints. It is noteworthy that Handling type Bolted Fixing with swivel joints start to be replaced by the Socket Head type Bolted Fixing with swivel joints because of its high probability of failure in recent years. This phenomenon reflects the market tendency and the demand of the users. Finally, the users of Structural Glass Hardware are facing serious problem in maintenance and management of it. The manufacturers also seldom provide the maintenance service because of the high maintenance fee, time consuming process and many inconvenient factors.
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Chen, Po-Hung, and 陳柏宏. "The Research on P.O.E. of Vacation Housing Clubs- A Study about Vacation Housing Clubs in Sanjhih Township in Taipei County -." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56682821813676633853.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
空間設計系碩士班
92
As the injection of the concept of sports living and leisure living, the housing type with multiple leisure facilities has become a rising one in Taiwan. But because of differences of the requirement among planners, managers and users, there are controversies over the function and usage of clubs. Among numerous types of leisure housing, vacation housing is different from others whether in the scope of facilities or the operating style owing to its location, scale, amount of household and planning purpose. Cases in Taipei County are the earliest in the development of vacation housing. Based on the investigated cases seen in the field study and polls, the focus of this thesis is mostly addressed on the planning, user-type, the operating and maintaining method of the vacation housing appearing in Sanjhih Township in Taipei County in terms of figuring out if they are related to the usage of club users. Conclusions from this research are as below: 1.Most of the facilities are sports-style, about 1/3. 2.For the community residents, the major purpose of purchasing is for recreation. For the members of the clubs, the main purpose in using is the convenience. 3.The major motive for using these facilities is doing exercise to improve fitness. 4.The major use time is on holidays (about two or three times than it in workday). And in workdays the use time is both earlier to start and end, which is opposite to holidays. 5.Using sports-style and healthy-style of the facilities are the highest frequent. And, the frequency of using is concerned with the planning of the facilities. Well planning facilities are more often to be used. 6.The more the facilities being used, the higher the satisfaction is. 7.Users often go in company with family. And, the satisfaction of managing is related to the interaction among neighborhood. That is, the more they satisfy with the management, the higher frequent they interact.
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wei, Zhang lin, and 張麟偉. "Research On Elementary Students’ Concept Learning Through Science Writing Heuristic and P.O.E Strategies－The Example For Learning Of Electromagnet Concept." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41121652514525922293.

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碩士
國立花蓮教育大學
科學教育研究所
94
Research On Elementary Students’ Concept Learning Through Science Writing Heuristic and P.O.E Strategies －The Example For Learning Of Electromagnet Concept. Zhang Lin-Wei Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the elementary school student’concept learning through science writing heuristic and P.O.E strategies.And we will investigate student’ conceptual learning processes and outcomes,teacher’teaching process. Subject were 28 sixth graders tautht by the research.In order to understand this kind of teaching Strategies effects, the researcher implemented ‘review science writing, open-ended interview’ after proceeding with the rest of the lesson.The research then draws upon various sources including video recording of the teaching, students’ science writing work, meeting minutes of science teachers’ forum, the teacher’s own teaching journal, and the analysis and interpretation of interview data, not only to present an authentic science writing with P.O.E’ teaching strategy in action, but also to inform the analyses of both students’ post-teaching learning processes and the professional development of the teacher. The findings of this research are as follows.Students have some alternative conception in the electromagnet conceptual learnimg.We also find teacher can help student present alternative conception before learning processes, improve conceptual learning.Moreover, it also can help student’ science and technology domain, develop ability of disscuion, explain and use conception. Key phrases：Scientific Writing；P.O.E；Electromagnet；conceptual learning ；Action Research
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Liu, Jia-Jjen, and 劉家蓁. "A Study on Users’ Characters and P.O.E. of Performing Arts’ Facilities－Take East District of Tainan City as an Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83997350737305271483.

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碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
94
Performing Arts has the functions of satisifying human psychological need, offering recreation amusement, and social education. However, performing arts’ facilities are important hardware foundations that offering performers to perform and attracting the audiences to get in touch with arts.Relevant researches most probed into the relation among the performing arts’ activities and audience's characters at present, it is comparatively scarce about users’ characters and P.O.E. of Performing Arts’ Facilities.On the base of “policy of cultural citizenship” promoted by government, the idea of expecting to satisfy the equal rights that the people of different levels share the culture, and the view of achievement after using existent performing arts’ facilities, it is necessary to study deeply on users’ characters and P.O.E. of existent Performing Arts’ Facilities. Because of the above-mentioned motives, this study takes east district of Tainan as an example and select fourteen performing arts’ facilities use frequently to proceed the study on users’ characters and P.O.E. of performing arts’ facilities by using the method of questionnaire survey to performers and audiences. Gathering statistics and analyzing the results, then supply the government with the view of policy of cultural citizenship, suggestion of improving existent performing arts’ facilities, and reference of planning policy on relevant performing arts’ facilities. The results of this study are as follows: All kinds of facilities’ performers have different characters, indoor type facilities are mostly professional groups, outdoor type facilities are mostly the amateurish groups, and the users of achievement issuing takes an extremely important part in all facilities. About the audiences' characters, the composing of audiences give priority to the people who are female, younger generation, students, high education degree at indoor type facilities. The outdoor type facilities are important interface to popularize performing arts,its audiences’ characters are various: the rate of sex is more closing, the rate of mid-life is higher, the type of career is more extensive, the distribution of education degree is average. About the traffic, the time audiences approach the facilities is about twenty minutes, and the service region of multiple facilities are larger. About the P.O.E of facilities by performer: Come to see wholly, indoor type is more satisfied than outdoor type, the satisfaction to stage facilities and subsidiary stage equipment is lower, the dressing rooms and backstage toilets are most unsatisfied among them. Performers of outdoor type facilities is relatively unsatisfied with the noise isolating. The items which indoor type facilities mostly need to improve are the “dressing rooms” and “backstage toilets”, and outdoor type facilities are the “noise isolating” and “backstage toilets”. About the P.O.E of facilities by audiences: Come to see wholly, indoor type is more satisfied than outdoor type, the audiences is most satisfied with “program content”, and mainly unsatisfied with “the amount of toilets”, ”food and beverage facilities”, “goods sell shop”, “comfort of seats”, secondarily with “consulting service”, “moving lines and indications”.
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Lin, Yu-Shen, and 林禹伸. "A Study of P.O.E. on Reformation of Rail Station Plaza from the Viewpoints of Pedestrian : Case Studies of Taichung and Hsinchu." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23339897303725995653.

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碩士
輔仁大學
景觀設計學系碩士班
94
Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the P.O.E. study on the reformation of two train station plazas in Taiwan from pedestrian’s viewpoints, in order to give guidance to future designs or modifications of train station plazas. The reason to choose Hsinchu and Taichung train station plazas for P.O.E. study is because they are the first two train station plaza re-design projects（completed in 2001 and 2002）in the Public Space Renaissance Plan in Taiwan since 1997 .Although their importance is unquestionable, however, the original designs and the performance of their post-occupancy are significantly different. The research method uses the Post Occupancy Evaluation and the Place Diagram developed by P.P.S（Projects for Public Spaces）as the framework to evaluate and compare the above two plazas. The implementation of questionnaire and DV investigation give evidence for the design applications. The P.P.S. Place Diagram is the framework for operating research evaluation, the four dimensions separately are（1） Access and linkage, （2）Comfort and image, （3）Use and activity and（4） Sociability. Trough the examing of the situation of using station plaza in Taichung and Hsinchu by the four dimensions（key attributes）, we realize the overall assessment in Hsinchu is higher than Taichung. The use and activity in Hsinchu are more active and various, on the contrary, the function in Taichung station plaza is just passing mainly, the short of rest space could not offer people various social life. In the application design, research result give guidance for the design revision; besides, it is also a basis for the redevelopment or redesign for other train station plazas.
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Roelfsema-Hummel, Christopher. ""A much perplexed people"--Kriegsgefangenen Gedenkenwoche (P.O.W. Remembrance Week) and the convicted war criminals in West Germany, October 20th-26th, 1952." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41500070.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).
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Chan, Shih-Tz, and 詹詩姿. "A Research on P.O.E of Planning and Design in Urban Bikeways－A Case Study of the Shing-Yi District in Taipei city." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k597sp.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
97
For the policy of Energy Efficiency and Carbon Reduction, the government proposed that the bike for the transportation. The bike is the green transport that has low pollution to the environment. In recent years, people’s life style has changed, the number of bike-riding has increased., the right of way-using also gradually to be respected, so it’s important to plan the Bikeways in the town. Although the government proposed the bike-riding, the government did not establish the principle of the bikeways. At present Taipei has completed 5 bikeways and 61 bike route. However the restrictions of planning the routes, the number of vehicles, many kinds of vehicles and along roadsides provisional parking, bikeways in Taipei’s town still have many problems to improve. In this research I will use the literature review, questionnaire survey and records by observing, that making more understanding about the bikeway’s establishment. Therefore the research’s purpose is that planning the theorem of bikeway’s scheme and design type to establish the bikeway’s pattern construction. I will give Taipei Shing-Yi district an example based on the P. O. E. theory, to discover topics and plan strategies, making a good environment and quality about the urban bikeway.
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Chia-Hsin, Hu, and 胡嘉昕. "A research of P.O.E of space conditions and signage systems in MRT Taipei main station-To probe into the viewpoints of user''''s wayfinding." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28331162908274132177.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
90
Abstract The MRT’s high-speed, convenient, and economic rapidly becomes the most reliable transportation of people living in city. Therefore, it also become the nodes of gathering, scattering, and transferring of people. Among all the MRT stations, Taipei main station is the most representative and high-loading one. According to covers of media ,my taking experiences, and user’s response to service center, it reveals that passengers always can not find the direction or they may go the wrong way. As a result, I rise a motive to study the space condition and sign system of MRT from the viewpoint of wayfinding. The research wish to reach the purposes listed below: 1.To know the properties and requirements of the users of MRT Taipei main station, and to accumulate the native foundational materials. 2.To analyze the factors influencing the habits of the users, and to provide resource to later silimarly constructions. 3.To correct the drawbacks of space condition and singage system. 4.To build a criterion satisfying the requirements of users. The method of my research is the idea of P.O.E.(Post Occupancy Evaluation) First, we try to understand every factor of the way-finding of users through reference review, the principle of designing of signage system, then make a original criterion . Second, we investigate the current conditions, including disposition of floor’s plane, degree of complexity of division, sense of sight to outside, and the items of the patterns, characters, colors, arrow tips, heights, locations and the amounts of signage. Finally, we seek by asking questions to find factors influencing wayfinding of users to make up the deficiency of observation and investigation. Hence, we can unveil the original factors and short comings. This thesis has two main ideas in conclusion: 1.Bringing up the criterion of the properties of wayfinding and the opinions of users as a references of future similar plans. 2.Purposing the drawbacks and suggestions of MRT Taipei main station’s space conditions and signage system so as to improve the service effect then satisfy the needs of users. Keywords: MRT Taipei main station, P.O.E,. wayfinding, environmental behavior, signage system
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Huang, Chien-feng, and 黃健峰. "A Research on P.O.E of Spatial Location and Management in Taipei City Metro Mall ─A Case Study of ZHONGSHAN Metro Mall and East Metro Mall." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r87y5b.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
96
Taipei City entered the age of rapid transit system development in the 1990s. Unfortunately, this caused problems including the relocation of shops, traffic congestion, and insufficient parking space; therefore, along with the construction of the rapid transport system facilities, space was created for the opening of underground malls. These underground malls around the metro rail stations have been operating for nine years. In the early years, business was slow and it was not easy to find investors; in addition, the orientation of the mall spaces was indeterminate. Although these problems have been alleviated, much improvement still needs to be made. In this study I will carry out literature review, case analyses, field investigation, and questionnaire survey and based on the P. O. E. theory, I will establish a set of assessment criteria for the establishment of metro malls. Based on the actual spatial allocation and the management system I will sort out key issues and propose solutions, which can serve as a reference to the authorities concerned. I will make the following conclusions: 1. The relevant factors in the assessment of the establishment of metro mall spaces shall include the allotment of space, management style, development procedures, and construction framework. 2. The available space in Taipei’s metro malls can be analyzed from the following aspects: location, categorization, and use; management style can be treated from several points: store management, impression building, management style, and restriction. 3. The assessment guidelines on the establishment of Taipei’s metro malls include “location”, “space allotment”, “management”, and “maintenance”, and twelve other sub-items. 4. In my P. O. E. assessment and analysis of two of Taipei’s metro malls, the East metro mall is situated in a very appropriate location, while the “space allotment” is important for consumers and at the same time their degree of satisfaction is high. “Management” and “maintenance” are also viewed as important but the level of satisfaction is low and so both aspects need to be improved. 5. The Zhongshan metro mall has more issues related to “space location.” Both metro malls are similar in terms of the “management” and “maintenance” aspects.
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Pimenta, José Rafael Oliveira Gonçalves. "A influência das atividades laboratoriais do tipo P.O.E com recurso à utilização de modelos na reconstrução do conhecimento dos alunos : um estudo centrado na temática "Atividade vulcânica" do 7º ano de escolaridade." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25278.

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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e de Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário
Apesar da discussão, com mais de um século, em torno da questão da utilização das atividades laboratoriais (AL) no ensino das ciências, elas são constantemente consideradas como um recurso de grande valor na educação em ciências e, particularmente, na educação em Geologia, cujas especificidades, como a grande escala temporal e dimensão geográfica, dificultam ou impossibilitam a reprodução de alguns dos seus fenómenos nos laboratórios de ciências. A solução poderá passar pelo recurso, em laboratório escolar, a modelos de fenómenos e de processos geológicos, ultrapassando-se, assim, pelo menos de forma parcial, as dificuldades associadas à realização de AL no ensino das ciências da Terra. As AL predominantes nos manuais escolares exigem um reduzido envolvimento do aluno, sobretudo a nível cognitivo. Recorrendo a AL do tipo Prevê-Observa-Explica (P.O.E.) contribuir-se-á para contrariar esta tendência, uma vez que estas pretendem que a aprendizagem de conhecimento conceptual se realize por intermédio da promoção da (re)construção das ideias que os alunos possuem sobre determinado assunto, e que precisam de testar de maneira a encontrarem dados que as suportem ou as coloquem em causa, implicando, assim, uma participação mais ativa da parte deles. Este Projeto consistiu, pois, na realização de duas AL do tipo P.O.E., com recurso à utilização de modelos, que incidiram na abordagem de assuntos relativos à temática ‘Atividade vulcânica’, do 7º ano de escolaridade. Pretende-se, com ele, perceber, sobretudo, da influência dessas atividades na reconstrução do conhecimento dos alunos, nos assuntos abordados. Os resultados obtidos mostram, na generalidade, uma clara evolução nas ideias manifestadas pelos alunos e, consequentemente, no seu conhecimento acerca dos assuntos tratados, mas também uma muito boa recetividade da parte deles em relação ao tipo de atividades implementadas. Recomenda-se, portanto, um maior recurso a este tipo de AL nas aulas de ciências.
Although the discussion with more than a century, around the issue of the use of laboratory activities (LA), they are constantly considered as a resource of great value in science education, particularly in the instruction of Geology, whose specificities, as the large-scale temporal and geographical size, difficult or make impossible to demonstrate some of its phenomena in science labs. The solution could be the use of models which simulate phenomena and geological processes, in school lab, to overcome, at least partially, the difficulties associated with conducting laboratory activities in the teaching of Earth science. The prevalent LA included in textbooks require a reduced student involvement, especially at the cognitive level. Using the LA type Preview-Observe-Explain (P.O.E.) will help to counteract this trend, since they claim that the learning of conceptual knowledge takes place through the promotion of (re)construction of the ideas that students have about a certain subject, and they need to test in order to find data that support those ideas or put them in question, thus implying a more active participation on their part. This project consisted therefore in achieving two LA type P.O.E., with the use of models, which focused on approaching issues related to the theme 'Volcanic activity', from 7th grade. The main purpose is to realize the influence of those activities on the reconstruction of students' knowledge in the subjects covered. The results show, in general, a clear evolution in the ideas expressed by the students and, consequently, on their understanding of the subject matter, but also a very good receptivity from them regarding the type of activities implemented. It is recommended, therefore, an increased use of this type of LA in science classes.
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