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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Alhazov, Artiom, Rudolf Freund, and Sergiu Ivanov. "Length P Systems." Fundamenta Informaticae 134, no. 1-2 (2014): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2014-1088.

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2

Shpyrko, O. A. "The derived p-length of finite p-soluble groups." Moscow University Mathematics Bulletin 69, no. 5 (September 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027132214050015.

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3

Grittini, Nicola. "p-length and character degrees in p-solvable groups." Journal of Algebra 544 (February 2020): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2019.09.034.

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4

Heden, Olof. "On perfect p-ary codes of length p + 1." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 46, no. 1 (November 13, 2007): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-007-9133-y.

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5

Ballester-Bolinches, Adolfo, Luis M. Ezquerro, and Ning Su. "On bounds for the $$p$$ p -length of finite $$p$$ p -soluble groups." Collectanea Mathematica 67, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13348-015-0144-0.

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6

Mann, Avinoam. "The Derived Length of p-Groups." Journal of Algebra 224, no. 2 (February 2000): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.1998.8045.

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7

Ballester-Bolinches, Adolfo, Ramón Esteban-Romero, and Luis M. Ezquerro. "On the p-length of some finite p-soluble groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 204, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-014-1095-y.

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8

GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ, JON, and FRANCESCA SPAGNUOLO. "A BOUND ON THE p-LENGTH OF P-SOLVABLE GROUPS." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 57, no. 1 (August 26, 2014): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089514000196.

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AbstractLet G be a finite p-solvable group and P a Sylow p-subgroup of G. Suppose that $\gamma_{\ell (p-1)}(P)\subseteq \gamma_r(P)^{p^s}$ for ℓ(p−1) < r + s(p − 1), then the p-length is bounded by a function depending on ℓ.
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9

Yamamoto, Hiromichi. "On weighted extremal length and $p$-capacity." Hiroshima Mathematical Journal 20, no. 3 (1990): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32917/hmj/1206129053.

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10

Camacho, L. M., E. M. Cañete, J. R. Gómez, and B. A. Omirov. "p -Filiform Leibniz algebras of maximum length." Linear Algebra and its Applications 450 (June 2014): 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2014.03.004.

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11

Ormerod, Elizabeth A. "Some p-groups of Weilandt length three." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 58, no. 1 (August 1998): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700032056.

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Finite p-groups of Wielandt length 1 are groups in which every subgroup is normal and are Dedekind groups. When the prime is odd therefore a finite p-group of Wielandt length 1 is Abelian. For an odd prime, a finite p-group of Wielandt length 2 has nilpotency class at most 3 and for such a goup to have class 3 there must be a 2-generator subgroup of this class. In this paper it is shown that for any prime p > 3 a finite p-group of Wielandt length 3 has nilpotency class at most 4, and for such a group to have class 4 there must be a 2-generator subgroup with this class. Two families of p-groups of Wielandt length 3 are described. One is a family of 3-generator groups with the property that each group modulo its Wielandt subgroup has class 2, the other is a family of 2-generator groups with the property that each group modulo its Wielandt subgroup has class 3.
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12

Dinh, Hai Q., Tushar Bag, Pramod Kumar Kewat, Sachin Pathak, Ashish K. Upadhyay, and Warattaya Chinnakum. "Constacyclic codes of length $$(p^r,p^s)$$ over mixed alphabets." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing 67, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2021): 807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12190-021-01508-x.

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13

Murray, John, and Joan Tent. "Character heights and p -length in blocks of p -solvable groups." Journal of Algebra 398 (January 2014): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2013.05.012.

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14

Shi, Minjia, and Shixin Zhu. "Cyclic codes over the ring $$ Z_{P^2 } $$ of length p e." Journal of Electronics (China) 25, no. 5 (September 2008): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-007-0071-7.

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15

Cho, Yun-Hee, Jong-Mun Jeong, Jae-Yoon Jeong, Ha-Chung Hwang, Dong-Jun Jin, Hyun-Kyo Lim, Je-Huan Koo, et al. "P-82: Super-Length External-Electrode Fluorescent Lamps." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 40, no. 1 (2009): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.3256573.

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16

Chapman, Adam. "Symbol length of p-algebras of prime exponent." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 16, no. 07 (July 17, 2016): 1750136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498817501365.

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We prove that if the maximal dimension of an anisotropic homogeneous polynomial form of prime degree [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is a finite integer [Formula: see text] greater than 1 then the symbol length of [Formula: see text]-algebras of exponent [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] is bounded from above by [Formula: see text], and show that every two tensor products of symbol algebras of lengths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] can be modified so that they share a common slot. For [Formula: see text], we obtain an upper bound of [Formula: see text] for the symbol length, which is sharp when [Formula: see text].
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17

Yimin, Mao. "Split-radix algorithms for length-p m DHT." Journal of Electronics (China) 8, no. 2 (April 1991): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778768.

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18

Fordham, S. Blake, and Sean Cleary. "Minimal length elements of Thompson’s groups F(p)." Geometriae Dedicata 141, no. 1 (January 28, 2009): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10711-008-9350-1.

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19

Slattery, Michael C. "Character degrees and derived length in p-groups." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 30, no. 2 (May 1988): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500007266.

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There are a number of theorems which bound d.l.(G), the derived length of a group G, in terms of the size of the set c.d.(G) of irreducible character degrees of G assuming that G is in some particular class of solvable groups ([1], [3], [4], [7]). For instance, Gluck [4] shows that d.l.(G)≤2 |c.d.(G)| for any solvable group, whereas Berger [1] shows that d.l.(G)≤|c.d.(G)| if G has odd order. One of the oldest (and smallest) such bounds is a theorem of Taketa [7] which says that d.l.(G)≤|c.d.(G)| if G is an M-group. Most of the existing theorems are an attempt to extend Taketa's bound to all solvable groups. However, it is not even known for M-groups whether or not this is the best possible bound. This suggests that given a class of solvable groups one might try to find the maximum derived length of a group with n character degrees (i.e. the best possible bound).
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20

Cossey, John, and Yangming Li. "On the $${{\varvec{p}}}$$ p -length of the mutually permutable product of two $${{\varvec{p}}}$$ p -soluble groups." Archiv der Mathematik 110, no. 6 (February 10, 2018): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-018-1150-8.

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21

Bakenecker, Patrick, Brent J. Raiteri, and Daniel Hahn. "Force enhancement in the human vastus lateralis is muscle-length-dependent following stretch but not during stretch." European Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 12 (September 5, 2020): 2597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04488-1.

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Abstract Purpose Force enhancement is the phenomenon of increased forces during (transient force enhancement; tFE) and after (residual force enhancement; rFE) eccentric muscle actions compared with fixed-end contractions. Although tFE and rFE have been observed at short and long muscle lengths, whether both are length-dependent remains unclear in vivo. Methods We determined maximal-effort vastus lateralis (VL) force-angle relationships of eleven healthy males and selected one knee joint angle at a short and long muscle lengths where VL produced approximately the same force (85% of maximum). We then examined tFE and rFE at these two lengths during and following the same amount of knee joint rotation. Results We found tFE at both short (11.7%, P = 0.017) and long (15.2%, P = 0.001) muscle lengths. rFE was only observed at the long (10.6%, P < 0.001; short: 1.3%, P = 0.439) muscle length. Ultrasound imaging revealed that VL muscle fascicle stretch magnitude was greater at long compared with short muscle lengths (mean difference: (tFE) 1.7 mm, (rFE) 1.9 mm, P ≤ 0.046), despite similar isometric VL forces across lengths (P ≥ 0.923). Greater fascicle stretch magnitude was likely to be due to greater preload forces at the long compared with short muscle length (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion At a similar isometric VL force capacity, tFE was not muscle-length-dependent at the lengths we tested, whereas rFE was greater at longer muscle length. We speculate that the in vivo mechanical factors affecting tFE and rFE are different and that greater stretch of a passive component is likely contributing more to rFE at longer muscle lengths.
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22

Nakas, Christos T. "Performance of the One-Sample Goodness-of-Fit P–P-Plot Length Test." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 36, no. 5 (August 30, 2007): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610910701539872.

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23

Borwein, Peter. "The Arc Length of the Lemniscate { | p(z) | = 1}." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 123, no. 3 (March 1995): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2160803.

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24

Chandoul, Amara, Hela Ben Amar, and Mohamed Mkaouar. "ON PERIODIC P-CONTINUED FRACTION HAVING PERIOD LENGTH ONE." Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society 50, no. 5 (September 30, 2013): 1623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4134/bkms.2013.50.5.1623.

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25

Bandić, Z. Z., P. M. Bridger, E. C. Piquette, and T. C. McGill. "Electron diffusion length and lifetime in p-type GaN." Applied Physics Letters 73, no. 22 (November 30, 1998): 3276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122743.

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26

Vetterli, M., and P. Duhamel. "Split-radix algorithms for length-p/sup m/ DFT's." IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 37, no. 1 (January 1989): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/29.17500.

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27

Muravjov, A. V., E. W. Nelson, R. E. Peale, V. N. Shastin, and C. J. Fredricksen. "Far-infrared p-Ge laser with variable length cavity." Infrared Physics & Technology 44, no. 1 (February 2003): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4495(02)00160-3.

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28

da Silva, Marcelo C., Sandra de M. Cassemiro, Angelita M. Machado, Joniel C. F. Alves, Sandra L. Nogueira, Thibault Jarrosson, Françoise Serein-Spirau, et al. "Conjugation Length Distribution in Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) Films." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, no. 49 (December 2016): 9702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08649.

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29

Ericson, T. E. O., B. Loiseau, and S. Wycech. "A phenomenological π−p scattering length from pionic hydrogen." Physics Letters B 594, no. 1-2 (July 2004): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.009.

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30

Khukhro, E. I., and P. Shumyatsky. "Nonsoluble and non-p-soluble length of finite groups." Israel Journal of Mathematics 207, no. 2 (March 28, 2015): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-015-1180-x.

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31

Keef, Patrick. "Nunke’s problem for abelian $p$-groups of uncountable length." Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico della Università di Padova 139 (June 6, 2018): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/rsmup/139-11.

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32

Teissier, R., J. L. Pelouard, and F. Mollot. "Measurement of Electron Ballistic Length in p-Doped InGaAs." physica status solidi (b) 204, no. 1 (November 1997): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(199711)204:1<521::aid-pssb521>3.0.co;2-a.

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33

Park, Jong Kwan, A. Ram Doo, Joo Heung Kim, Hyung Sub Park, Jung Mo Do, Hwang Choi, Seung Chol Park, et al. "Prospective investigation of penile length with newborn male circumcision and second to fourth digit ratio." Canadian Urological Association Journal 10, no. 9-10 (September 13, 2016): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.3590.

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<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> We prospectively investigated the relationship between newborn male circumcision (NMC) and second to fourth digit ratio with penile length.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> As participants for our study, we identified already circumcised young patients who visited our hospital for urological treatment. The age at which the circumcision had been done was assessed. The patients’ height and weight were measured. Second to fourth digit ratio was calculated by measuring the second and fourth digit lengths. The flaccid and erectile penile lengths were measured from the base of the penis to the tip of the glans in standing position.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 248 patients were included in our study. In univariate analysis, height, second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length, and age of circumcision were associated with erectile penile<br />length. Among these variables, second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length, and age of circumcision were significant predictive factors for erectile penile length in multivariate analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups, including 72 patients in the NMC group and 176 patients in the non-NMC group. No significant difference was found in height, weight, and second to fourth digit ratio between both groups. However, flaccid (p&lt;0.001) and erectile (p=0.001) penile lengths were shorter in the NMC group than in the non-NMC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Despite the small number of subjects, this study shows that NMC was associated with shorter penile length. Second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length, and age of circumcision were also significant predictive factors for erectile penile length. Further multicentre studies with larger number of subjects and biochemical analyses are needed for potential clinical applicability</p>
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34

Ueno, Hiromasa, Tadashi Suga, Kenji Takao, Yuto Miyake, Masafumi Terada, Akinori Nagano, and Tadao Isaka. "The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well‐Trained Endurance Runners." Journal of Human Kinetics 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0039.

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Abstract The present study aimed to determine the relationship between leg bone length and running performance in well-trained endurance runners. The lengths of the leg bones in 42 male endurance runners (age: 20.0 ± 1.0 years, body height: 169.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass: 56.4 ± 5.1 kg, personal best 5000-m race time: 14 min 59 s ± 28 s) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the femur and tibia were calculated to assess the upper and lower leg lengths, respectively. The total length of the femur + tibia was calculated to assess the overall leg bone length. These lengths of the leg bones were normalized with body height, which was measured using a stadiometer to minimize differences in body size among participants. The relative tibial length was significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.328, p = 0.034). Moreover, a trend towards significance was observed in the relative femoral length (r = -0.301, p = 0.053). Furthermore, the relative total lengths of the femur + tibia were significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.353, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that although the relationship between the leg bone length and personal best 5000-m race time was relatively minor, the leg bone length, especially of the tibia, may be a potential morphological factor for achieving superior running performance in well-trained endurance runners.
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35

BI, GUOAN, and YANQIU CHEN. "FAST DHT ALGORITHMS FOR COMPOSITE SEQUENCE LENGTHS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 03 (June 1998): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126698000225.

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This paper presents fast algorithms for the computation of discrete Hartley transform (DHT). When the sequence length N = p*q, where p and q are integers and relatively prime, the one dimensional DHT can be decomposed into p length-q DHT's and q length-p discrete Fourier transforms (DFT). Compared to other reported algorithms, the proposed one has a regular computational structure, provides flexibility for composite sequence lengths and achieves substantial savings on the required number of operations.
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36

Bakirci, Sinan, and Mahmut Cay. "Height estimation by evaluating morphometric measurements of hands and fingers." Medicine Science | International Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (2022): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2022.08.188.

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Biological bodily integrity is often lost in deaths due to undesirable situations such as femicides, natural disasters and plane crashes. For forensic scientists, accurate estimation of the person's stature is important for identification. In our study, it was aimed to obtain simple and multiple linear regression formulas required for stature calculation from hand and finger morphometric measurement values of young women. This study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 65 healthy young adult women between the ages of 18-24. Measurements were made on the palmar side of the hand using a digital caliper. In the study participants, the mean values of the measured variables; stature 164.45 cm, hand length 17.40 cm, hand width 7.70 cm, palm length 9.92 cm. Simple and multiple regression equations were obtained for stature estimation. The most reliable one of the regression equations obtained for stature estimation was the equation based on hand length. There was no correlation between thumb length and stature. The correlation value between index finger and stature was greater than the values obtained from other fingers (r=0.344, p<0.01). The correlation value between palm length and stature was higher than the correlation value between fingers and stature (r=385, p<0.01). Moderate and high positive correlation values were found between finger lengths and each other. The highest correlation value was between middle finger length and 4th finger length (r=872, p<0.01). The correlation value between thumb and little finger lengths was the smallest (r=415 p<0.01). The correlation value between hand length and stature is higher than the values obtained from finger lengths. In cases where total hand length cannot be measured, linear regression formula based on palm length should be preferred. Regression analysis results showed that palm length gave a better estimation of stature compared to finger length measurements.
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37

Pourlis, Aris, Theodoros Chatzis, and Panagiotis Katsoulos. "Comparison of Two Methods for the Measurement of Medial and Lateral Metapodial Bones in Karagouniko Sheep (Ovis aries, L. 1758) and Hellenic Goat (Capra hircus, L. 1758)." Anatomy Research International 2014 (October 30, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/529686.

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The objective of this study was to compare the metapodial lengths of sheep and goats measured with a caliper with those measured using a 2-dimensional digital method. Complementarily, the lengths of medial and lateral metapodials in these species were compared. The limbs of 30 ewes and 30 goats were used. After preparation, the lateral and medial length of the metacarpals and metatarsals were measured twice with a caliper. Afterwards, each bone was scanned and the same lengths were digitally measured twice using commercial software. Data analysis revealed strong linear relationship between the two methods but the absolute relative deviation of the measurements with the caliper was significantly higher than those with the 2-dimensional method (P<0.05). All lengths measured with the caliper were significantly higher compared to those measured with the 2-dimensional method (P<0.05). In goats, the lateral length of both metacarpals and metatarsals was significantly higher than medial length (P<0.05); in sheep the lateral length was significantly higher compared to the medial one only in metatarsal bones (P<0.05). In conclusion, the 2-dimensional method is more accurate for the measurement of the metapodials’ length than the caliper and there is asymmetry between the medial and lateral metapodials in these species.
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38

Sangwisut, Ekkasit, San Ling, and Somphong Jitman. "On self-dual cyclic codes of length $p^a$ over $GR(p^2,s)$." Advances in Mathematics of Communications 10, no. 2 (April 2016): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/amc.2016004.

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39

Carbonell, J., and K. V. Protasov. "The determination of the strong p-bar p scattering length from protonium level shifts." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 18, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/18/11/019.

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40

Kiah, Han Mao, Ka Hin Leung, and San Ling. "A note on cyclic codes over GR(p 2, m) of length p k." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 63, no. 1 (July 9, 2011): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-011-9538-5.

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41

Vega, Gerardo. "The weight distribution for any irreducible cyclic code of length $$p^m$$ p m." Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing 29, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00200-017-0347-6.

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42

Park, J., S. Lee, S. Yang, and Y. Shin. "The Investigation of Penile Length with Newborn Circumcision and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-p-0036.

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Objective: We retrospectively investigated the relationship between newborn male circumcision (NMC) and second to fourth digit ratio with penile length in young adult. Design and Method: We evaluated that the patients who had history of the circumcision at past visited our hospital for urological treatment. The age at which the circumcision had been done was assessed. The patients’ heights and weights were measured. Second to fourth digit ratio was calculated by measuring the second and fourth digit lengths. The flaccid and erectile penile lengths were measured from the base of the penis to the tip of the glans in standing position. Results: A total of 248 patients finished our study. The subjects were divided into two groups, including 72 patients in the NMC group, and 176 patients in the non-NMC group. In univariate analysis, height, second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length and age of circumcision were associated with erectile penile length. Flaccid (p<0.001) and erectile (p=0.001) penile lengths were shorter in the NMC group than in the non-NMC group. Among these variables, second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length and age of circumcision were a significant predictive factor for erectile penile length in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Second to fourth digit ratio, flaccid penile length and the age of circumcision were significant predictive factors for erectile penile length. Furthermore, penile lengths were shorter in the NMC group than in the non-NMC group.
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43

Chaki, Nipa, Md Abdur Razzaq Joadder, and Md Foyzul Hassan Fahad. "Lengths, length-length relationships and condition factor of Indian catfish Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822) from the Padma River, Bangladesh." Journal of Fisheries 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v1i1.2013.6.

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This study described some biological parameters including lengths, length-length relationships and Fulton’s condition factors of Gagata cenia in the Padma River of Bangladesh, based on 1120 specimens collected from May to November, 2012. Maximum 39.78% female fishes were belonging to the length category of 55-60 mm whereas 51.06% male were belonging to 50-55 mm. The highest mean total lengths were found 66.51±10.28 mm (combined sex), 70.12±09.49 mm (female) and 61.08±09.45 mm (male) in the month of June. Similar findings are also presented for standard length, fork length, body depth, dorsal length, pectoral length, pelvic length and anal length. Linear relationships were also studied among mentioned lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed in all cases. Speraman’s Rank test indicated that there was a strong, positive correlation between total length and condition factor in female, which was statistically significant (rs=0.210, P=0.044). In male, there was no significant correlation between these two (rs=0.167, P=0.262). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the female individuals had the highest condition factor (Mean rank of 79.76). There was a statistically significant differences in the Fulton’s condition factor between males and females (two tailed, Mann-Whitney U = 1324).
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44

Chaki, Nipa, Md Abdur Razzaq Joadder, and Md Foyzul Hassan Fahad. "Lengths, length-length relationships and condition factor of Indian catfish Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822) in the Padma River, Bangladesh." Journal of Fisheries 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.70.

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This study described some biological parameters including lengths, length-length relationships and Fulton’s condition factors of Gagata cenia in the Padma River of Bangladesh, based on 1120 specimens collected from May to November, 2012. Maximum 39.78% female fishes were belonging to the length category of 55-60 mm whereas 51.06% male were belonging to 50-55 mm.The highest mean total lengths were found 66.51±10.28 mm (combined sex), 70.12±09.49 mm (female) and 61.08±09.45 mm (male) in the month of June. Similar findings are also presented for standard length, fork length, body depth, dorsal length, pectoral length, pelvic length and anal length. Linear relationships were also studied among mentioned lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed in all cases. Speraman’s Rank test indicated that there was a strong, positive correlation between total length and condition factor in female, which was statistically significant (rs=0.210, P=0.044). In male, there was no significant correlation between these two (rs=0.167, P=0.262). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the female individuals had the highest condition factor (Mean rank of 79.76). There was a statistically significant differences in the Fulton’s condition factor between males and females (two tailed, Mann-Whitney U = 1324).
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45

Kaya, Hakki, Recep Kurt, Osman Beton, Ali Zorlu, Hasan Yucel, Hakan Gunes, Didem Oguz, and Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz. "Cancer Antigen 125 is Associated with Length of Stay in Patients with Acute Heart Failure." Texas Heart Institute Journal 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-15-5626.

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Length of stay is the primary driver of heart-failure hospitalization costs. Because cancer antigen 125 has been associated with poor morbidity and mortality rates in heart failure, we investigated the relationship between admission cancer antigen 125 levels and lengths of stay in heart-failure patients. A total of 267 consecutive patients (184 men, 83 women) with acute decompensated heart failure were evaluated prospectively. The median length of stay was 4 days, and the patients were classified into 2 groups: those with lengths of stay ≤4 days and those with lengths of stay &gt;4 days. Patients with longer lengths of stay had a significantly higher cancer antigen 125 level of 114 U/mL (range, 9–298 U/mL) than did those with a shorter length of stay (19 U/mL; range; 3–68) (P &lt;0.001). The optimal cutoff level of cancer antigen 125 in the prediction of length of stay was &gt;48 U/mL, with a specificity of 95.8% and a sensitivity of 96% (area under the curve, 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.953–0.992). In the multivariate logistic regression model, cancer antigen 125 &gt;48 U/mL on admission (odds ratio=4.562; 95% CI, 1.826–11.398; P=0.001), sodium level (P&lt;0.001), creatinine level (P=0.009), and atrial fibrillation (P=0.015) were also associated with a longer length of stay after adjustment for variables found to be statistically significant in univariate analysis and correlated with cancer antigen 125 level. In addition, it appears that in a cohort of patients with acute decompensated heart failure, cancer antigen 125 is independently associated with prolonged length of stay.
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46

Baker, Paula Elizabeth, Christine Janet Nicol, and Claire Alexandra Weeks. "The Effect of Hard Pecking Enrichment during Rear on Feather Cover, Feather Pecking Behaviour and Beak Length in Beak-Trimmed and Intact-Beak Laying Hen Pullets." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060674.

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Injurious pecking, commonly controlled by beak trimming (BT), is a widespread issue in laying hens associated with thwarted foraging. This controlled study compared the effect in intact and beak-trimmed pullets of providing pecking pans to eight treatment flocks from six weeks of age. Flocks (mean size 6843) comprised eight British Blacktail, six Lohmann Brown and two Bovans Brown. All young birds (6–7 weeks) pecked more frequently at the pecking pans (mean 40.4) than older pullets (mean 26.0, 23.3 pecks/bird/min at 10–11 weeks and 14–15 weeks, respectively) (p < 0.005). There was no effect on feather pecking or plumage cover. Mean side-beak length and mean top-beak lengths were shorter in treatment flocks at 6–7 weeks and 10–11 weeks (p < 0.001). Intact-beak treatment flocks had shorter mean side-beak length at 10–11 weeks (p < 0.001) and at 14–15 weeks (p < 0.05) and mean top-beak length at 6–7 weeks (p < 0.05) and at 10–11 weeks (p < 0.05). BT treatment flocks had shorter side-beak and top-beak lengths at 6–7 weeks and at 10–11 weeks (p < 0.001). Beak lengths showed linear growth, with individual bird variation indicating a potential for genetic selection. The study demonstrated that abrasive material can reduce beak length in pullets.
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47

Hansen, Andrew H., Margrit R. Meier, Pinata H. Sessoms, and Dudley S. Childress. "The Effects of Prosthetic Foot Roll-Over Shape Arc Length on the Gait of Trans-Tibial Prosthesis Users." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 30, no. 3 (December 2006): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640600816982.

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The Shape&Roll prosthetic foot was used to examine the effect of roll-over shape arc length on the gait of 14 unilateral trans-tibial prosthesis users. Simple modifications to the prosthetic foot were used to alter the effective forefoot rocker length, leaving factors such as alignment, limb length, and heel and mid-foot characteristics unchanged. Shortening the roll-over shape arc length caused a significant reduction in the maximum external dorsiflexion moment on the prosthetic side at all walking speeds ( p < 0.001 for main effect of arc length), due to a reduction in forefoot leverage (moment arm) about the ankle. Roll-over shape arc length significantly affected the initial loading on the sound limb at normal and fast speeds ( p = 0.001 for the main effect of arc length), with participants experiencing larger first peaks of vertical ground reaction forces on their sound limbs when using the foot with the shortest effective forefoot rocker arc length. Additionally, the difference between step lengths on the sound and prosthetic limbs was larger with the shortest arc length condition, although this difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.06 for main effect). It appears that prosthesis users may experience a drop-off effect at the end of single limb stance on prosthetic feet with short roll-over shape arc lengths, leading to increased loading and/or a shortened step on the contralateral limb.
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48

Kim, Seok-Woo, Sang-Moon Lee, and Yong-Hah Lee. "ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A-HARMONIC FUNCTIONS AND p-EXTREMAL LENGTH." Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society 47, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4134/bkms.2010.47.2.423.

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49

Johnson, C. L., S. Wagner, and K. J. Bachmann. "Minority Carrier‐Diffusion Length Measurement on p ‐ CuInSe2 / Electrolyte Diodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2113783.

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50

Pan, Huo Ping, and Iwao Okuno. "Alkyl Chain Length and the Spectral Characteristics of p-Aminophenones." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 2 (March 1985): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248908.

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