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Jan, Goliáš, Vrchotová Naděžda, Kožíšková Jarmila, Kotas Petr, and Tříska Jan. "Influence of post-harvest ripening on the levels of selected compounds in various cherry cultivars." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 2 (May 7, 2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2017-cjfs.
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The stability of the main sugars and the organic acids neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid and rutin was assessed in the Vanda, Napoleonova, Kordia, New Moon, Sweetheart, and Regina sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during post-harvest storage. Neochlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in these sweet cherry cultivars followed by p-coumaroylquinic acid. Rutin concentrations ranged from 0.5 ± 0.38 to 12.35 ± 2.84 mg/kg of homogenate and its concentration was higher in the Sweetheart, Kordia, and Regina cultivars in the postharvest time.
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Gutiérrez Ortiz, Anggy Lusanna, Federico Berti, Luciano Navarini, Angelo Monteiro, Marina Resmini, and Cristina Forzato. "Synthesis of p -coumaroylquinic acids and analysis of their interconversion." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 28, no. 3 (March 2017): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.01.015.
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Tsevegsuren, N., P. Proksch, Y. Wang, and G. Davaakhuu. "Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 12 (September 24, 2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177.
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Chromatographic separation of the crude extract obtained from the aerial parts of the Mongolian medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata yielded five new dihydrostilbenes [4], two new flavonoids, one new quinic acid derivative, as well as twenty known compounds including eight quinic acid derivatives, four flavonoids, two coumarins, five simple benzoic acids, and one monoterpene glycoside. We present here results on isolation and structural identification some active phenolic compounds from the Scorzonera radiata - eight quinic acid derivatives (quinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (trans), 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (cis)). Quinic acid derivatives exhibited antioxidative activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 78-84
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Ghouti, Dalila, Wahiba Rached, Moussaoui Abdallah, Tânia C. S. P. Pires, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Maria José Alves, Lazzouni Hamadi Abderrahmane, Lillian Barros, and Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira. "Phenolic profile and in vitro bioactive potential of Saharan Juniperus phoenicea L. and Cotula cinerea (Del) growing in Algeria." Food & Function 9, no. 9 (2018): 4664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fo01392f.
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Juniperus phoenicea presented 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid as the main compound, while Cotula cinerea contained luteolin derivatives and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The hydroethanolic extracts showed the highest bioactivities.
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Liu, Wei, Muhammad Farrukh Nisar, and Chunpeng Wan. "Characterization of Phenolic Constituents from Prunus cerasifera Ldb Leaves." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5976090.
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To elucidate the chemical compositions of Prunus cerasifera Ldb leaves, the methanol extracts were firstly fractionated by ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. The phenolic acid-rich fractions (ethyl acetate extracts) were further isolated by various chromatographic columns (CC) including MCI macroporous resin, normal-phase silica gel, Sephadex gel LH-20, octadecyl silane (ODS), and preparative HPLC to yield the phenolic compounds. The isolated compounds were analyzed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectral (ESI-MS) spectroscopy. Eleven phenolic acids were identified as p-coumaric acid (1), caffeic acid (2), ferulic acid (3), chlorogenic acid (4), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 5-O-coumaroylquinic acid (6), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (7), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (8), 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-coumaroylquinic acid or 3-O-coumaroyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (9), gallic acid (10), and protocatechuic acid (11). The current study pioneers to identify and report all the phenolic constituents from P. cerasifera Ldb leaves.
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Neto, Catherine C., Christine A. Dao, Michelle R. Salvas, Wesley R. Autio, and Justine E. Vanden Heuvel. "Variation in Concentration of Phenolic Acid Derivatives and Quercetin Glycosides in Foliage of Cranberry that May Play a Role in Pest Deterrence." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 135, no. 6 (November 2010): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.135.6.494.
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Several insect herbivores have been anecdotally reported to prefer ‘Howes’ cranberry leaves (Vaccinium macrocarpon) over those of ‘Early Black’. A series of studies were undertaken to determine whether these anecdotal reports are accurate and to compare phenolic profiles in the foliage of ‘Early Black’ and ‘Howes’ for compounds that differ in concentration and could be further investigated as possible feeding deterrents. Gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) demonstrated a significant feeding preference for ‘Howes’ over ‘Early Black’. Red-headed flea beetle adults (Systena frontalis) demonstrated a similar but not statistically significant trend, whereas cranberry weevil (Anthonomus musculus) did not prefer either cultivar. Compounds giving rise to six peaks in the phenolic profile were significantly greater in concentration in ‘Early Black’ than ‘Howes’ on at least one of three sampling dates during the growing season. Five of these compounds were isolated from leaves harvested at the June time point coinciding with gypsy moth infestation and identified as: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside.
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Konan, Yao Kouakou François, Kan Modeste Kouassi, Kouakou Laurent Kouakou, Edmond Koffi, Koffi Nazaire Kouassi, Diabaté Sekou, Mongomaké Kone, and Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou. "Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Phytoalexins Biosynthesis and Induced Disease Resistance toFusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectumin Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)." International Journal of Agronomy 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/806439.
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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) sprayed on cotton healthy leaves was evaluated in terms of inherent bioactive chemicals induction. The total phenolic content significantly increased after MeJA 5.0 mM treatments compared to the other tested concentrations (0; 2.5; 10; 15; 20 mM). Among the eleven phenolic compounds which were found except for ferulic acid, gossypetin, gossypol, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, and piceatannol were identified as major phenolic constituents of cotton. Their content also significantly increased after the MeJA treatment. In addition, gossypol increased 64 times compared to the control, in the 5.0 mM MeJA treatment. Furthermore, cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and pterostilbene are synthesizedde novoin leaves of MeJA-treated plant. Treatment of cotton leaves with MeJA 5.0 mM followed 72 h of incubation hampered the expression ofFusariumwilt caused byFusarium oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum(FOV). MeJA efficiency was concentration and incubation time dependent. Disease severity on MeJA-treated leaves was significantly lower as compared to the control. Therefore, the high content of gossypetin, gossypol, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, ferulic acid, and piceatannol and the presence of cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and pterostilbene in plants treated with MeJA, contrary to the control, are essential to equip the cotton compounds with defences or phytoalexins against FOV.
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Luo, Xiaowei, Lipeng Zhou, Shukai Wang, Jing Yuan, Zihao Chang, Qian Hu, Yinxin Chen, et al. "The Therapeutic Effect and the Potential Mechanism of Flavonoids and Phenolics of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves against Hyperuricemia Mice." Molecules 27, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238237.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect and clarify the possible mechanisms of flavonoids and phenolics of MOL (MOL-FP) in mice. Hyperuricemia mice were generated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of potassium oxonate (PO) and oral gavage (p.o.) of hypoxanthine (HX). Serum uric acid (UA), weight, serum XO activity, hepatic XO activity, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), serum AST level, serum ALT level, mRNA expression of renal urate-anion transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1), organic anion transporters 3 (OAT3), and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) were determined. The molecular docking was conducted using AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 to screen potential XO inhibitors in MOL-FP. Serum metabolomics was established to collect the metabolic profiles of mice and explore the metabolic changes that occurred after MOL-FP treatment. MOL-FP could notably reduce the serum UA level of hyperuricemia mice by inhibiting XO activity and regulating renal urate transporters. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, and catechin could be potential XO inhibitors. Besides, MOL-FP prevented the pathological process of hyperuricemia by regulating biomarkers associated with purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism.
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Koffi, Jean-Michel Kouamé, Philomène Akoua Yao-Kouassi, Abdulmagid Alabdul Magid, Evariste Zachée Louis Akissi, and Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko. "A new flavanocoumarin glucoside from the roots of Lannea kerstingii." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 1756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i4.31.
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An undescribed phyllocoumarin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 8 together with catechin 1, catechin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 2, catechin-[7,8-bc]-4β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-pyranon 3, 5-O-trans-p-coumaroylquinic acid 4, trans-p-coumaric acid 5, catechin-[5,6-e]-4β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-pyranon 6, catechin-[5,6-e]-4α-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)- pyranon 7, phyllocoumarin 9 and vaccinin A 10 were isolated from the roots of Lannea kerstingii. The structures of the compounds were established using NMR, IR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis.
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Grishchenko, Olga V., Valeria P. Grigorchuk, Galina K. Tchernoded, Olga G. Koren, and Victor P. Bulgakov. "Callus Culture of Scorzonera radiata as a New, Highly Productive and Stable Source of Caffeoylquinic Acids." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 7989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227989.
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During our ongoing efforts to investigate biotechnological sources of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) metabolites, we discovered the plant Scorzonera radiata Fisch. (Asteraceae), which is able to produce callus cultures with high yield and extremely high stability. An actively growing callus line, designated as Sr-L1, retained the ability to produce 11 CQAs during long-term cultivation (more than 20 years). A total of 29 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the leaves and Sr-L1 callus culture of S. radiata, including CQAs, lignol derivatives, flavonoids, and dihydrostilbenes. The composition of CQAs in the Sr-L1 culture was identical to that in the S. radiata leaves. Sr-L1 calli did not produce flavonoids and dihydrostilbenes, but produced lignol derivatives, which were absent in leaves. The HPLC-UV-HRMS determination showed the presence of monoacyl derivatives of CQAs such as 5-CQA, 4-CQA, cis-5-CQA, and 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid in the Sr-L1 culture. Among diacyl derivatives, 3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, cis-3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-5-O-CQA, and 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid were found. The content of 5-CQA reached 7.54 mg/g dry weight and the content of 3,5-diCQA was as high as 18.52 mg/g dry weight. 3,5-diCQA has been reported to be of high nutritional and pharmacological value, as it alleviates inflammatory pain, reverses memory impairment by preventing neuronal apoptosis, and counteracts excessive adipose tissue expansion, serving as an attractive treatment option for obesity. The high content of 3,5-diCQA and the exceptional stability of biosynthesis make callus cultures of S. radiata a promising source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals.
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Gutiérrez Ortiz, Anggy Lusanna, Federico Berti, William Solano Sánchez, Luciano Navarini, Silvia Colomban, Paola Crisafulli, and Cristina Forzato. "Distribution of p-coumaroylquinic acids in commercial Coffea spp. of different geographical origin and in other wild coffee species." Food Chemistry 286 (July 2019): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.039.
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Bothiraj K V, Murugan, and Vanitha V. "Green coffee bean seed and their role in antioxidant–A review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1812.
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All around the world, Coffee place an important position in the beverages. It contains phenolic acid as well as polyphenols. It has the property of antioxidant; mood enhances mood, and also increases alertness, reduces weight, efficiency against hypertension, and antitumor property because of its polyphenols and phenolic constituents. Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are the main components found in the fraction of phenols from green coffee beans. CGA has several therapeutic properties, which include antioxidant activities and also has hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and antiviral properties. Several essential compounds found in CGA in green coffee beans are caffeoylquinic acids, caffeoylquinic acids, feruloyl quinic acids, p-coumaroylquinic acids, and quinic acid. Therefore, this review highlighted the health benefits and anticancer activities of Green coffee bean.
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Seguido, Miguel Ángel, Rosa Maria Tarradas, Susana González-Rámila, Joaquín García-Cordero, Beatriz Sarriá, Laura Bravo-Clemente, and Raquel Mateos. "Sustained Consumption of a Decaffeinated Green Coffee Nutraceutical Has Limited Effects on Phenolic Metabolism and Bioavailability in Overweight/Obese Subjects." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 2445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122445.
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Knowledge on the bioavailability of coffee (poly)phenols mostly come from single dose postprandial studies. This study aimed at investigating the effects of regularly consuming a green coffee phenolic extract (GCPE) on the bioavailability and metabolism of (poly)phenols. Volunteers with overweight/obesity consumed a decaffeinated GCPE nutraceutical containing 300 mg hydroxycinnamates twice daily for two months. Plasma and urinary pharmacokinetics, and fecal excretion of phenolic metabolites were characterized by LC-MS-QToF at weeks 0 and 8. Fifty-four metabolites were identified in biological fluids. Regular consumption of the nutraceutical produced certain changes: reduced forms of caffeic, ferulic and coumaric acids in urine or 3-(3′-hydroxypenyl)propanoic, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids in feces significantly increased (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks; in contrast, coumaroylquinic and dihydrocoumaroylquinic acids in urine decreased (p < 0.05) compared to baseline excretion. The sum of intestinal and colonic metabolites increased after sustained consumption of GCPE, without reaching statistical significance, suggesting a small overall effect on (poly)phenols’ bioavailability.
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Baroni, María V., Joaquín Gastaminza, Natalia S. Podio, Mariana S. Lingua, Daniel A. Wunderlin, Jose L. Rovasio, Roberto Dotti, Juan Carlos Rosso, Silvina Ghione, and Pablo D. Ribotta. "Changes in the Antioxidant Properties of Quince Fruit (Cydonia oblonga Miller) during Jam Production at Industrial Scale." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1460758.
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The content of phenolic compounds and their relationship with the antioxidant capacity of quince fruit were evaluated before and after jam processing at industrial scale. Waste samples from industrial processing were also analyzed. Twelve phenolics and one organic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-QTOF. According to the results, jam processing did not produce a decrease in polyphenolic content, and, in some cases, the polyphenolic content even increased. Antioxidant capacities determined by DPPH and FRAP assays showed similar results. On the other hand, the waste samples analyzed retained large amounts of polyphenols, even though their antioxidant capacity was lower than that in pulp samples. Boosted Regression Trees analysis showed a good correlation between phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity, with 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid being the most relevant compound to explain the antioxidant capacity by both methods.
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Michalska, Wojdyło, Majerska, Lech, and Brzezowska. "Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Heat-Induced Changes in Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity in Prunus domestica L. By-products." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163008.
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Plum pomace, an agro-industrial waste product has received attention due to the worldwide popularity of plums. During convection, the content of flavan-3-ols decrease, except drying at 90 °C, whereas the content of i.e. chlorogenic, 3-p- and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin rutinoside, and galactoside was observed to increase along with the increase in process temperature. The highest content of all identified polyphenols was found in plum pomace powders obtained using a combination of convective at 90 °C and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) at 120 W, whereas the highest retention of the group consisted of phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins was noted when CD 70 °C/MVD 120 W was used, pointing to a strong influence of the type of polyphenols on their changes caused by drying. The correlations between TEAC ABTS and the sum of flavonoids (r = 0.634) and anthocyanins (r = 0.704) were established. The multiple regression analysis showed that polyphenol content was more strongly affected by drying time than by maximum temperature, whereas antioxidant capacity was more influenced by maximum temperature of sample than by drying time.
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Es-Safi, Imane, Hamza Mechchate, Amal Amaghnouje, Anna Calarco, Smahane Boukhira, Omar M. Noman, Ramzi A. Mothana, Fahd A. Nasr, Hicham Bekkari, and Dalila Bousta. "Defatted Hydroethanolic Extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu Seeds: Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 9147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249147.
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The seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Cosson and Durieu have been used in the North African Sahara as a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. The present study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the defatted hydroethanolic extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus (DHEAM). The antidiabetic and the antihyperglycemic studies were assessed on alloxan-induced diabetic with orally administered doses of DHEAM (100 and 200 mg/kg). At the same time, its anti-inflammatory propriety was evaluated by measuring edema development in the Wistar rats paw induced with carrageenan. Treatment of diabetic mice with DHEAM for four weeks managed their high fasting blood glucose levels, improved their overall health, and also revealed an excellent antihyperglycemic activity. Following the anti-inflammatory results, DHEAM exhibited a perfect activity. HPLC results revealed the presence of seven molecules (chlorogenic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin). This work indicates that the DHEAM has an important antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effect that can be well established as a phytomedicine to treat diabetes.
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Tusevski, Oliver, Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva, Marina Stefova, and Sonja Gadzovska Simic. "Phenolic Profile of Dark-Grown and Photoperiod-ExposedHypericum perforatumL. Hairy Root Cultures." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/602752.
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Hypericum perforatumL. is a medicinal plant considered as an important natural source of secondary metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological attributes. Hairy roots (HR) were induced from root segments ofin vitrogrown seedlings fromH. perforatumafter cocultivation withAgrobacterium rhizogenesA4. Investigations have been made to study the production of phenolic compounds in dark-grown (HR1) and photoperiod-exposed (HR2) cultures. The chromatographic analysis of phenolic acids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and xanthones revealed marked differences between HR1 and HR2 cultures. The production of quinic acid, kaempferol, and seven identified xanthones was increased in HR2. Moreover, HR2 showed a capability forde novobiosynthesis of two phenolic acids (3-p-coumaroylquinic acid and 3-feruloylquinic acid), three flavonol glycosides (kaempferol hexoside, hyperoside, and quercetin acetylglycoside), and five xanthones (tetrahydroxy-one-methoxyxanthone, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-prenylxanthone, paxanthone, and banaxanthone E). On the other side, HR1 cultures were better producers of flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidin dimers) than HR2. This is the first comparative study on phenolic profile ofH. perforatumHR cultures grown under dark and photoperiod conditions.
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Hutachok, Nuntouchaporn, Pimpisid Koonyosying, Tanachai Pankasemsuk, Pongsak Angkasith, Chaiwat Chumpun, Suthat Fucharoen, and Somdet Srichairatanakool. "Chemical Analysis, Toxicity Study, and Free-Radical Scavenging and Iron-Binding Assays Involving Coffee (Coffea arabica) Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144169.
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We aimed to analyze the chemical compositions in Arabica coffee bean extracts, assess the relevant antioxidant and iron-chelating activities in coffee extracts and instant coffee, and evaluate the toxicity in roasted coffee. Coffee beans were extracted using boiling, drip-filtered and espresso brewing methods. Certain phenolics were investigated including trigonelline, caffeic acid and their derivatives, gallic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and their derivatives, p-coumaroylquinic acid, p-coumaroyl glucoside, the rutin and syringic acid that exist in green and roasted coffee extracts, along with dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeoylarbutin and cymaroside that may be present in green coffee bean extracts. Different phytochemicals were also detected in all of the coffee extracts. Roasted coffee extracts and instant coffees exhibited free-radical scavenging properties in a dose-dependent manner, for which drip coffee was observed to be the most effective (p < 0.05). All coffee extracts, instant coffee varieties and CGA could effectively bind ferric ion in a concentration-dependent manner resulting in an iron-bound complex. Roasted coffee extracts were neither toxic to normal mononuclear cells nor breast cancer cells. The findings indicate that phenolics, particularly CGA, could effectively contribute to the iron-chelating and free-radical scavenging properties observed in coffee brews. Thus, coffee may possess high pharmacological value and could be utilized as a health beverage.
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Wen, Mingchun, Zisheng Han, Yuqing Cui, Chi-Tang Ho, Xiaochun Wan, and Liang Zhang. "Identification of 4-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid as astringent compound of Keemun black tea by efficient integrated approaches of mass spectrometry, turbidity analysis and sensory evaluation." Food Chemistry 368 (January 2022): 130803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130803.
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Lo Piccolo, Ermes, Ambra Viviani, Lucia Guidi, Damiano Remorini, Rossano Massai, Rodolfo Bernardi, and Marco Landi. "Discerning between Two Tuscany (Italy) Ancient Apple cultivars, ‘Rotella’ and ‘Casciana’, through Polyphenolic Fingerprint and Molecular Markers." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091758.
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Ancient apple cultivars usually have higher nutraceutical value than commercial ones, but in most cases their variability in pomological traits does not allow us to discriminate among them. Fruit of two Tuscany ancient apple cultivars, ‘Casciana’ and ‘Rotella’, picked from eight different orchards (four for each cultivar) were analyzed for their pomological traits, organoleptic qualities, polyphenolic profile and antiradical activity. The effectiveness of a polyphenol-based cluster analysis was compared to molecular markers (internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2) to unequivocally discern the two apples. ‘Casciana’ and ‘Rotella’ fruit had a higher nutraceutical value than some commercial cultivars, in terms of phenolic abundance, profile and total antiradical activity. Although pedo-climatic conditions of different orchards influenced the phenolic profile of both apples, the polyphenolic discriminant analysis clearly separated the two cultivars, principally due to higher amounts of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3 and p-coumaroylquinic acid in ‘Casciana’ than in ‘Rotella’ fruit. These three polyphenols can be used proficiently as biochemical markers for distinguishing the two apples when pomological traits cannot. Conversely, ITS1 and ITS2 polymorphism did not allow us to distinguish ‘Casciana’ from ‘Rotella’ fruit. Overall, the use of polyphenolic fingerprint might represent a valid tool to ensure the traceability of products with a high economic value.
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Rozano, Lina, Muhammad Redha Abdullah Zawawi, Muhamad Aizuddin Ahmad, and Indu Bala Jaganath. "Computational Analysis of Gynura bicolor Bioactive Compounds as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor." Advances in Bioinformatics 2017 (August 8, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5124165.
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The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) is a popular route for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients. The use of Gynura bicolor in treating diabetes had been reported in various in vitro experiments. However, an understanding of the inhibitory actions of G. bicolor bioactive compounds on DPPIV is still lacking and this may provide crucial information for the development of more potent and natural sources of DPPIV inhibitors. Evaluation of G. bicolor bioactive compounds for potent DPPIV inhibitors was computationally conducted using Lead IT and iGEMDOCK software, and the best free-binding energy scores for G. bicolor bioactive compounds were evaluated in comparison with the commercial DPPIV inhibitors, sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin. Drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis were also performed. Based on molecular docking analysis, four of the identified bioactive compounds in G. bicolor, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and trans-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, resulted in lower free-binding energy scores when compared with two of the commercially available gliptin inhibitors. The results revealed that bioactive compounds in G. bicolor are potential natural inhibitors of DPPIV.
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Salminen, Juha-Pekka, Maria Lahtinen, Kyösti Lempa, Lauri Kapari, Erkki Haukioja, and Kalevi Pihlaja. "Metabolic Modifications of Birch Leaf Phenolics by an Herbivorous Insect: Detoxification of Flavonoid Aglycones via Glycosylation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2004): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-5-627.
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The metabolic modifications of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) leaf phenolics in the digestive tract of its major defoliator, larvae of the autumnal moth Epirrita autumnata, were studied. The main phenolic acids of birch, i.e. chlorogenic and p-coumaroylquinic acids, were isomerised in the alkaline digestive tract. Moreover, only 16 to 92% of the ingested amounts of chlorogenic acid were found in the faeces of individual larvae; the missing portion is possibly being used in the formation of reactive o-quinones. Water-soluble flavonoid glycosides were mostly excreted unaltered. In contrast, lipophilic flavonoid aglycones were not excreted as such, but as glycosides after being detoxified by E. autumnata via glycosylation. When the larvae were fed with leaf-painted acacetin and kaempferide, i.e. two naturally occurring birch leaf flavonoid aglycones, acacetin-7-O-glucoside and kaempferide-3-O-glucoside appeared in larval faeces as major metabolites. However, the efficiency of aglycone glycosylation varied, ranging from 17 to 33%, depending on the aglycone and its dietary level. There was also large variation in the efficiency of glycosylation − from 2 to 57% − among individual larvae. These results demonstrate a compound-specific metabolism of phenolic compounds, leading to different phenolic profiles in the insect gut compared to its leaf diet.
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Poljuha, Danijela, Barbara Sladonja, Ivana Šola, Mateja Šenica, Mirela Uzelac, Robert Veberič, Metka Hudina, Ibukun Michael Famuyide, Jacobus N. Eloff, and Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek. "LC–DAD–MS Phenolic Characterisation of Six Invasive Plant Species in Croatia and Determination of Their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity." Plants 11, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050596.
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Invasive plants’ phytochemicals are important for their invasiveness, enabling them to spread in new environments. However, these chemicals could offer many pharmaceutical compounds or active ingredients for herbal preparations. This study provides the first LC–MS phytochemical screening of six invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in the Istria region (Croatia): Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Conyza canadensis, Dittrichia viscosa, Erigeron annuus, and Xanthium strumarium. The study aims to identify and quantify the phenolic content of their leaf extracts and assess their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. A total of 32 species-specific compounds were recorded. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, and 5-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin-3-glucoside, and kaempferol hexoside were detected in all the tested IAPS. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were the main components in all the tested IAPS, except in E. annuus, where flavanones dominated with a share of 70%. X. strumarium extract had the best activity against the tested bacteria, with an average MIC value of 0.11 mg/mL, while A. altissima and X. strumarium extracts had the best activity against the tested fungi, with an average MIC value of 0.21 mg/mL in both cases. All the plant extracts studied, except X. strumarium, were less cytotoxic than the positive control. The results provided additional information on the phytochemical properties of IAPS and their potential for use as antimicrobial agents.
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Csernatoni, Florina, Carmen Socaciu, Raluca Maria Pop, Floricuta Ranga, Florina Bunghez, and Florina Romanciu. "Comparative Fingerprint of Aromatic Herbs and Yeast Alcoholic Extracts used as Ingredients for Promen, a Prostate Preventive Nutraceutical." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 70, no. 1 (November 13, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:9719.
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The aim of this study was to characterize and identify different bioactive compounds in plant sources and yeast powders to obtain an original nutraceutical (Promen) which has beneficial effects in prostate disease prevention. Seven plant and fruit sources, namely nettle (Urtica dioica), green tea (Camellia sinensis), fluff with small flowers (Epilobium parviplorum), tomato (Solanum licopersicum), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), sunflower (Helianthus annus) and lyophilized beer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were investigated. Methanolic extracts were prepared using 15% plant concentration and the purified fractions were analyzed using high throughput techniques like UV-VIS spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry LC-QTOF -MS. The majority of the investigated plants were rich in phenolic derivatives, polyphenols (flavonoid glucosides), while yeast was rich in aminoacids, peptides and vitamins B. The major compounds identified were: Juglone, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Epigallocatechin, Gallocatechin, Biochanin A, Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside, Quercetin 3-O-galactoside 7-O-rhamnoside, Kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside and p-Coumaroylquinic acid. The specific biomarkers were identified for both plant extracts used as ingredients to obtain an nutraceutical Promen. Combined UV-Vis spectroscopy, HPLC-PDA chromatography and LC-MS spectrometry are recommended as accurate, sensible and reliable tools to investigate the plants and nutraceutical fingerprints and to predict the relation between ingredients composition and their health effects.
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Mohammad, Anwar, Eman Alshawaf, Sulaiman K. Marafie, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Fahd Al-Mulla, and Jehad Abubaker. "Molecular Simulation-Based Investigation of Highly Potent Natural Products to Abrogate Formation of the nsp10–nsp16 Complex of SARS-CoV-2." Biomolecules 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040573.
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The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein (nsp) nsp10–nsp16 complex is essential for the 2′-O-methylation of viral mRNA, a crucial step for evading the innate immune system, and it is an essential process in SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Therefore, detecting molecules that can disrupt the nsp10–nsp16 interaction are prospective antiviral drugs. In this study, we screened the North African Natural Products database (NANPDB) for molecules that can interact with the nsp10 interface and disturb the nsp10–nsp16 complex formation. Following rigorous screening and validation steps, in addition to toxic side effects, drug interactions and a risk /benefit assessment, we identified four compounds (genkwanin-6-C-beta-glucopyranoside, paraliane diterpene, 4,5-di-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid and citrinamide A) that showed the best binding affinity and most favourable interaction with nsp10 interface residues. To understand the conformational stability and dynamic features of nsp10 bound to the four selected compounds, we subjected each complex to 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. We then calculated the free binding energies of compounds interacting with nsp10 structure using the molecular mechanics-generalised Born surface area (MMGBSA). Of the four compounds, genkwanin-6-C-beta-glucopyranoside demonstrated the most stable complex with nsp10, in addition to a tighter binding affinity of −37.4 ± 1.3 Kcal/mol. This potential to disrupt the nsp10–nsp16 interface interaction and inhibit it now sets the path for functional studies.
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Farah, Adriana, and Carmen Marino Donangelo. "Phenolic compounds in coffee." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 2006): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000100003.
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Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites generally involved in plant adaptation to environmental stress conditions. Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and related compounds are the main components of the phenolic fraction of green coffee beans, reaching levels up to 14 % (dry matter basis). These compounds have a number of beneficial health properties related to their potent antioxidant activity as well as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities. The main groups of CGA found in green coffee beans include caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids, p-coumaroylquinic acids and mixed diesters of caffeic and ferulic acids with quinic acid, each group with at least three isomers. During coffee processing, CGA may be isomerized, hydrolyzed or degraded into low molecular weight compounds. The high temperatures of roasting also produce transformation of part of CGA into quinolactones and, along with other compounds, melanoidins. This review focuses on the chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, and distribution of CGA and related compounds in coffee. The influence of genetic, physiological and environmental factors as well as processing on the chemical composition of coffee beans is discussed. The impact of CGA composition of green coffee on cup quality is also approached. Despite the existence of substantial published information on the total levels of CGA in coffee, more research is needed on the composition of minor phenolic compounds and specific CGA isomers (and related substances) in green and roasted coffee beans, as well as their impact on coffee quality.
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Mirovich, Vera Mikhaylovna, Daniil Nikolayevich Olennikov, Svetlana Andreyevna Petukhova, and Alina Alekseevna Posokhina. "FLAVONOIDS AND PHENILPROPANOIDS OF THE ABOVE GROUND ORGANS OF THE BUPLEURUM MUL-TINERVE DC. OF THE FLORA OF THE BAIKAL REGION." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020047530.
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A study of the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids of the aerial organs of Bupleurum multinerve was carried out. Samples of raw materials were collected in the Baikal region in the vicinity of. Verkholensk, Irkutsk region. The raw materials were collected during the flowering period in 2019 in the herb-grass association. For analysis, raw materials were extracted with 70% ethyl alcohol in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes, followed by centrifugation of the extract. Compounds were identified by the UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method in comparison with standard samples. In the aerial organs of B. multinerve, 15 compounds were identified (8 flavonoids and 7 phenylpropanoids). Flavonoids B. multinerve are derivatives of quercetin, kempferol, isoramnetin; phenylpropanoids – esters of quinic acid with coffee, ferulic, coumaric. The contents of B. multinerve compounds were first established: quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, kempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragaline), 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. The quantitative content of glycosides of flavonoids isoramnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissin) 20.74 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) 19.53 mg/g, quercetin-3 was determined by MK-HPLC-UV in the aerial organs of B. multinerve -O-glucoside (isocvercitrin) 2.24 mg/g, camperol-3-O-glucoside (astragaline) 0.39 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide 0.25 mg/g; quercetin flavonoid aglycones 0.43 mg/g; isoramnetin 0.53 mg/g; the predominant phenylpropanoids were 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid 6.60 mg/g, 3,5-di-O-caffeylquinic acid 1.58 mg/g. The total content of identified flavonoids was 44.97 mg/g, phenylpropanoids 9.53 mg/g.
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Martín-García, Beatriz, María José Aznar-Ramos, Vito Verardo, and Ana María Gómez-Caravaca. "Development of an Effective Sonotrode Based Extraction Technique for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activities in Cherimoya Leaves." Plants 11, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11152034.
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The leaves of Annona cherimola Mill (cherimoya) are a potential source of phenolic compounds that have been shown to have beneficial properties. Therefore, this study focuses on establishing an ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds in cherimoya leaves using a sonotrode. For that purpose, a Box-Behnken design based on a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize factors, such as amplitude, extraction time and solvent composition to obtain the maximum content of phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS and the maximum in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays in ‘Fino de Jete’ cherimoya leaves. The optimal conditions were 70% amplitude, 10 min and 40:60 ethanol/water (EtOH/H2O) (v/v). The results obtained under these optimum conditions by using a sonotrode were compared with those from an ultrasonic bath; briefly, recovery of phenolic compounds by sonotrode was 2.3 times higher than a bath. Therefore, these optimal conditions were applied to different varieties ‘Campas’, ‘Fino de Jete’ and ‘Negrito Joven’ harvested in the Tropical Coast of Granada (Spain). A total of 39 phenolic compounds were determined in these cherimoya leaf extracts, 24 phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS and 15 proanthocianidins by HPLC-FLD. 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, lathyroside-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside and quercetin hexose acetate were first identified in cherimoya leaves. The most concentrated phenolic compounds were the flavonoids, such as rutin and quercetin hexoside and proanthocyanidins including monomers. Almost no significant differences in the phenolic content in these cultivars were found (11–13 mg/g d.w. for phenolic compounds and 11–20 mg/g d.w. for proanthocyanidins). In addition, sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction has been shown to be an efficient extraction technique in the phenolic recovery from cherimoya leaves that could be implemented on an industrial scale.
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Ibrahim, Taofik Adam, Abubeker Hassen, and Zeno Apostolides. "The Antimethanogenic Potentials of Plant Extracts; Their Yields and Phytochemical Compositions as Affected by Extractive Solvents." Plants 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233296.
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Plant phytochemicals are an important area of study in ruminant nutrition, primarily due to their antimethanogenic potentials. Plant extract yields, their bioactive compounds and antimethanogenic properties are largely dependent on the nature of the extractive solvents. This study evaluated the yields and phytochemical constituents of four plant extracts, as affected by the aqueous-methanolic (H2O-CH3OH) extraction and their antimethanogenic properties on the in vitro methane production. The plant extracts included Aloe vera, Jatropha curcas, Moringa oleifera, and Piper betle leaves with three levels of extractions (70, 85, and 100% CH3OH). The crude plant extract yields increased with the increasing amount of water. M. oleifera crude extracts yields (g/10 g) increased from 3.24 to 3.92, A. vera, (2.35 to 3.11) J. curcas (1.77 to 2.26), and P. betle (2.42 to 3.53). However, the identified and quantified metabolites showed differing degrees of solubility unique to their plant leaves in which they exist, while some of the metabolites were unaffected by the extraction solvents. The methane mitigating potentials of these extracts were evaluated as additives on Eragrostis curvula hay at a recommended rate of 50 mg kg−1 DM. The plant extracts exhibited antimethanogenic properties to various degrees, reducing (p < 0.05) in vitro methane production in the tested hay, A. vera, J. curcas, M. oleifera and P. betle reduced methane emission by 6.37–7.55%, 8.02–11.56%, 12.26–12.97, and 5.66–7.78 respectively compared to the control treatment. However, the antimethanogenic efficacy, gas production and organic matter digestibility of the plant extracts were unaffected by the extraction solvents. Metabolites, such as aloin A, aloin B and kaempferol (in A. vera), apigenin, catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, tryptophan, procyanidins, vitexin-7-olate and isovitexin-7-olate (in J. curcas), alkaloid, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin and neochlorogenic acid (in M. oleifera) and apigenin-7,4′-diglucoside, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, rutin, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, dihydrocaffeic acid, and dihydrocoumaric acid (in P. betle) exhibited a methane reducing potential and hence, additional studies may be conducted to test the methane reducing properties of the individual metabolites as well as their combined forms. Plant extracts could be more promising, and hence, further study is necessary to explore other extraction methods, as well as the encapsulation of extracts for the improved delivery of core materials to the target sites and to enhance methane reducing properties. Furthermore, the use of 70% aqueous extraction on M. oleifera leaf is recommended for practical use due to the reduced cost of extractive solvents, the lower cost and availability of Moringa plants in South Africa, especially in Gauteng Province. Furthermore, 70% aqueous-methanolic extractions of A. vera, J. curcas, and P. betle are recommended for practical use in regions where they exist in abundance and are cost effective.
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Perez Gutierrez, Rosa Martha, Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez, Abraham Heriberto Garcia Campoy, Jose Maria Mota Flores, and Sergio Odin Flores. "Polyphenols of leaves of Apium graveolens inhibit in vitro protein glycation and protect RINm5F cells against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 8, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v8i3.399.
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Background: The health benefits of edible plants have been widely investigated and disseminated. However, only polyphenols have been found to have sufficient therapeutic potential to be considered in clinical trials. Fewer manuscripts have other applications such as prospective health benefits and disease treatment. Other components of edible plants are responsible for a range of other benefits including antimalarial, burns, flu, cancer, inflammation, diabetes, glycation, antimicrobial, prevention of neurodegeneration, analgesic, antimigraine activity, sedative activities, etc. Accordingly, the public needs to be informed of the potential edible plants have to act on different targets and maintain better control over diabetes compared to commercial drugs which can be toxic, have side effects, do not have the capacity to maintain blood glucose at normal levels, and do not protect the patient from the complications of diabetes over time. Consequently, edible plants, such as Apium graveolen, which have therapeutic targets on AGEs formation, are potentially a better alternative treatment for diabetes.Methods: The leaves of celery were extracted with methanol (CM). Polyphenols contents in CM were investigated by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass. The ability of the compounds to inhibit formation of AGEs was evaluated in vitro models using formation of AGE fluorescence intensity, level of fructosamine, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal (MG)-derived protein, and formation of amyloid cross β structure. Protein-oxidation was determined by thiol group and protein carbonyl content. Inhibition of MG-derived AGEs and MG-trapping ability were also measured. Additionally, insulin production was determined in methylglyoxal-treated pancreatic RINm5F cells assay. Results: Apigenin, kaempferol, apiin, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the major polyphenols contained in CM. In all the model tests CM displayed potent AGE inhibitory activity, suggesting that CM delayed the three stages of glycation. Accordingly, the mechanisms of action of celery involving dicarbonyl trapping and breaking the crosslink structure in the AGEs formed may contribute to the protection of pancreatic RINm5F cells against MG conditions.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CM have an excellent anti-glycation effect which may be beneficial for future development of antiglycating agents for the treatment of diabetes.Keywords: Apium graveolens, anti-glycation, polyphenols methylglyoxal, insulin, pancreatic cells
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Кузьмина, Е. И., О. С. Егорова, Д. Р. Акбулатова, and Л. И. Розина. "Phenolic compounds of apples and their influence on the quality characteristics of cider." Food processing industry, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2023.3.3.004.
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В настоящее время существует множество способов приготовления сидра, которые во многом зависят от традиций, предпочтений потребителей, сезонности и особенностей законодательства конкретной страны. Использование специальных технических сортов яблок в производстве сидров способствует формированию специфических органолептических характеристик напитка. Основными критериями химического состава яблок, используемых для производства сидра, являются содержание сахаров, органических кислот и фенольных соединений. Отмечено, что содержание и состав полифенолов играют важную роль в формировании цвета, терпкости, горечи и коллоидной стабильности сидров. В настоящей статье приведен обзор основных классов полифенольных соединений, характерных для яблок, и изменения их содержания в процессе производства сидра. Основными представителями гидроксикоричных кислот, наиболее распространенной группы полифенолов яблочных сусел, являются хлорогеновая и 4-п-кумароилхиновая кислоты. Высокие концентрации гидроксикоричных кислот могут замедлять скорость брожения и влиять на формирование аромата готовых сидров. Флаван-3-олы, обнаруживаемые в сидрах, представлены катехином и эпикатехином, а также проантоцианидинами. Полимеры флаван-3-ола отвечают за специфический горький вкус и терпкость сидра. Флоридзин (флоретин глюкозид) и флоретин 2'-О-ксилоглюкозид относятся к основным представителям класса дигидрохалконов, на долю которых может приходиться до 40 % от общего количества полифенольных соединений в сидрах. Цвет большинства сидров обусловлен окислением флаван-3-олов, хлорогеновой кислоты и флоридзина под действием ферментов полифенолоксидаз. В то же время концентрация некоторых окрашенных продуктов, образующихся в результате реакций окисления или конденсации фенольных соединений, может снижаться в результате адсорбции дрожжами во время брожения. В процессе выдержки и хранения сидров также происходят различные биохимические превращения полифенольных соединений, в том числе обусловленные процессами окисления, конденсации и полимеризации. Что, в свою очередь, может оказывать влияние на изменение качественных характеристик сидров. Currently, there are many ways to prepare cider, which largely depend on traditions, consumer preferences, seasonality and peculiarities of the legislation of a particular country. The use of special technical varieties of apples in the cider’s production contributes to the formation of specific organoleptic characteristics of the drink. The main criteria for the chemical composition of apples used for the production of cider are the content of sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds. It is noted that the content and composition of polyphenols play an important role in the formation of color, astringency, bitterness and colloidal stability of ciders. This article provides an overview of the main classes of polyphenolic compounds characteristic of apples and changes in their content during the production of cider. The main representatives of hydroxycoric acids, the most common group of polyphenols of apple husks, are chlorogenic and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acids. High concentrations of hydroxycoric acids can slow down the rate of fermentation and affect the formation of the aroma of ready-made ciders. Flavan-3-ols found in ciders are represented by catechin and epicatechin, as well as proanthocyanidins. Flavan-3-ola polymers are responsible for the specific bitter taste and tartness of cider. Floridzin (floretin glucoside) and floretin 2'-O-xyloglucoside belong to the main representatives of the dihydrochalcone class, which may account for up to 40% of the total number of polyphenolic compounds in ciders. The color of most ciders is due to the oxidation of flavan-3-ols, chlorogenic acid and floridzine under the action of polyphenol oxidase enzymes. At the same time, the concentration of some colored products formed as a result of oxidation reactions or condensation of phenolic compounds may decrease as a result of adsorption by yeast during fermentation. During the aging and storage of ciders, various biochemical transformations of polyphenolic compounds also occur, including those caused by the processes of oxidation, condensation and polymerization. Which, in turn, can influence the change in the quality characteristics of ciders.
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Coulibaly, I., S. Coulibaly, D. G. L. Gogbeu, T. H. Kouakou, and M. Zouzou. "The Pre-treatment of Cotton with Polysaccharide Biocontrols Inducing Tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, June 1, 2022, 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2022/v23i430232.
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Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) is a major damaging disease of cotton. Chemical control is currently ineffective and has led to resistance of the pathogen. In addition, pesticides are indexed for their negative impact on the environment and on human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sugarcane stem residue filtrate (FCS) and cotton stem residue filtrate (FTC) residue filtrate on FOV causal agent of the disease. These two polysaccharide biocontrols allowed a good accumulation of gallic acid, caffeoyl D-glucose, catechin, gossypetin and 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid and the de novo synthesis of epicatechin, protocatechic acid, ferulic acid, trans-resveratrol, trans-piceide, pterosilbene, 5-caffeylquinic acid, rutin, astringin and isoquercetin. However, 5-caffeylquinic acid and rutin are specific to FCS while astringin and isoquercetin are specific only to FTC. This difference in polyphenol synthesis caused 1% mortality in FTC and 8% in FCS. This indicates that astringin and isoquercetin are phenolic markers of resistance to FOV followed by 5-caffeylquinic acid and rutin. FTC can be used as a preventive control of Fusarium wilt in cotton.
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Aires, Alfredo, Carla Dias, Rosa Carvalho, and Maria José Saavedra. "Analysis of glycosylated flavonoids extracted from sweet-cherry stems, as antibacterial agents against pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates." Acta Biochimica Polonica 64, no. 2 (July 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2016_1374.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of flavonoids extracted from sweet-cherry stems, which is often used by traditional medicine to treat infections from gastro-intestinal and urinary but without any consistent scientific evidences, moreover the information about the class of phenolics, their content and the potential bioactivity of such material is very scarce. Thus, in this context, we set a research study in which we evaluate the profile and content of phenolics extracted from sweet-cherry stems through a conventional (70ºC and 20 minutes) and ultrasound assisted extraction (40 kHz, room temperature and 20 minutes) methods. After, the extracts were phytochemical characterized by HPLC-DAD-UV/VIS, and assayed trough the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bioassay, against Escherichia coli isolates. Simultaneously the total antioxidant activity were measured using the assay of 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS●+) radical cation. Our results showed that sweet-cherry stems presented higher content of sakuranetin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid and it´s isomer neochlorogenic acid. Their average levels were highly affected by the extraction method (p<0.001) used. The same trend was observed for total antioxidant activity and MIC values. The extracts produced under ultrasound presented both higher total antioxidant activity and lower minimum inhibitory concentration. The statistical analyses of our results showed a significant correlation (p<0.01) of total antioxidant activity and minimum inhibitory concentration with phenolics in the extracts studied. Thus, we can conclude that cherry stems can be further exploited to purify compounds and produced coproducts with enhanced biological added valuefor pharmaceutical industry.
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Lata, Suman, and Sanjiv Kumar Mittal. "Identification of Flavonoid Glycosides of Methanol Extract from Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. (Fruit) by using HPLC-UV-ESI-MS Methods." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance 8, no. 04 (December 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.v8i04.10544.
Full textAbstract:
The present work is to identify the Chemical Composition of methanolic extract from Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. (Fruit) by using HPLC-UV-ESI-MS Methods. It is very proficient method with amalgamation of liquid chromatography attached to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tendem means with positive and negative ion recognition. This is a simple and rapid method for characterization of flavonoid glycosides by using Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionization Quadropole Time – of – Flight Mass Spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The correctness of mass information generated by Q-TOF-MS jointly with the fragmentation blueprint of the complete scan sprint of MS/MS investigation has been a valuable tool to cautiously characterization of 12 flavonoid glycosides (Molecular weight: 497.04 (RT:3.586), 475.06 (RT:6.801), 393.48 (RT:12.594), 336.50 (RT:16.473), 723.00 (RT:17.774), 452.52(RT:18.253), 978.95 (RT: 25.665), 836.20 (RT: 26.889), 893.00 (RT: 27.925), 838.32 (RT: 31.592), 507.44 (RT: 31.592), 415.18, (RT:33.849) in the methanol extract of this fruit. All these flavonoid glycosides are the first time reported from fruit of Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb., and also highlighting the importance of this fruit as a rich source of likely flavonoid glycosides as antioxidants and hepatoprotective agent. It was concluded that these flavonoid glycosides were Myceritin -3-O- β -D-glucopyranoside (497), Apigenin 7 – O – 6’’ – O acetyl – β – D - glucopyranoside (475), 5,6 Dihydroxy 7,8 – dimethoxyapigenin - 6 – O – sulfate (393), 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (336 or 338), 6’’ -O-(3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaroyl)-2’’ - O - pentosyl-C - hexosyl-luteolin (723), Catechin-3-O-glucoside (452), 3’,4’,5’,5,7 – Methyl derivative of quercetin 3 – O – (2” - feruloylglucosyl)(1->6) – [apiosyl1->2)] glucoside (978.859), Quercetin 3 – O – β – D -(6 – O – sinnapoyl – 2 – O - – O – β – D glucopyranosyl) glucopyranoside (833), Apigenin 7-O-(6''-dihydrogalloyl)-glucosyl-8-C-rhamnosyl-6-C-glucoside (893), precursor or isomer ion of Quercetin 3 – O – β – D -(6 – O – sinnapoyl – 2 – O - – O – β – D glucopyranosyl) glucopyranoside 838.32 , 3’,4’,7 – Methyl derivative of quercetin 3 – O – β – D - glucopyranoside (507) and 415 (Daidzein 7 – O – glucoside).