Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxygen uptake rates'
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Petrella, Robert J. "Left ventricular diastole and oxygen uptake at maximal and submaximal work rates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21310.pdf.
Full textCakici, Avni. "Self-tuning PI control of industrial wastewater treatment process and simultaneous on-line estimations of oxygen uptake and transfer rates." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317288.
Full textWos, Melissa Louise, and n/a. "Methods For Understanding Bacterial Metabolic Activity In Activated Sludge." Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061031.151641.
Full textWos, Melissa Louise. "Methods For Understanding Bacterial Metabolic Activity In Activated Sludge." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367303.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
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Brink-Elfegoun, Thibault. "Limitations of maximal oxygen uptake during whole-body exercise /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/20071116brin/.
Full textJarvis, David R. "Multifrequent work rate forcings in the assessment of oxygen uptake kinetics." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19870/.
Full textChandra, Sanjay. "Evaluation of oxygen uptake rate as an activated sludge process control parameter." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101173.
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Blackwood, Susan Kim. "Aspects of fitness and physical activity patterns in Edinburgh school children." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57657/.
Full textSirna, Karen Margaret. "The effect of body position on oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics in older people." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ32509.pdf.
Full textWójcik, Weronika. "Evaluation of microbiological activity during the deammonification process for nitrogen removal." Thesis, KTH, VA-teknik, Vatten, Avlopp och Avfall, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96300.
Full textLakhal, Raja. "Etude de l'effet de l'oxygène sur la physiologie et le métabolisme de la bactérie hyperthermophile anaérobie thermotoga maritima." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10052/document.
Full textBatch cultures of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima were performed in a bioreactor where O2 concentrations in the gas phase were strictly controlled. At 80°C and pH 7, we demonstrated that T. maritima survived despite being exposed to oxygen at different times and that it consumed it. O2 uptake rate was estimated at 73.6 µmoles O2 min-1g proteins-1 during a short exposure to O2 (30 minutes). A long time exposure of T. maritima cultures to oxygen (20h) led to a drastic reduction in growth, together with a shift in glucose metabolism towards lactate instead of acetate production and a stop in H2 production. Under these conditions, it has been observed that 73% of glucose was partially oxidised by using both Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic payhways. Uncomplete oxidation of glucose is correlated to a reduction of O2 to H2O. Transcription analyses revealed that this reductive process of O2 involved enzymes like peroxidases [activation of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahp), bcp1 and thioredoxin-dependent thiol peroxidase (bcp 2)]. Moreover, genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging systems (neelaredoxin and rubrerythrin), were found to be upregulated during oxygen exposure. The oxygen reductase FprA, which expression was shown to depend on the redox level of the culture medium, is proposed as a primary consumer of O2. All these enzymes are essential for T. maritima to consume O2 consumption and to fight against the toxic effects of ROS in cells
Larsson, Hans. "Elevers fysiska aktivitetsnivå under skoldagen på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet i gymnasieskolan." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3710.
Full textAim The aim of the study was to investigate the aerobic physical activity level of high school students who study to become building workers during school days which consist of theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses. The question to be answered was: How was the aerobic physical activity level during theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses for high school students in a program for building workers. Method In this study participated 9 boys aged 16, length 174-192 cm and weight 51-91 kg. The test that has been carried out was 5 Minutes Pyramid Test (5MPT). In addition heart rate was measured during the school day. The 5MPT is a 5-minute-shuttle test, in which the participant moves back and forth in a short interval (5.5 m) over boxes (highest height 0.53 m) formed like a pyramid. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT POWER) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body mass, gravity and highest box level divided by time. From 5 MPT VO2 max and Power/kg (W/kg) were calculated for the participants. The participant’s heart rates were measured during a week the whole school day by means of a heart monitor with the monitor display taped over and an electrode belt. They pushed a button on the clock to mark when they had pauses and when the classes started again. The participants wrote in a diary what they had done during each day. Results The results show that for each of the participants the same trend considering aerobic physical load level expressed in heart rate in the following results. The highest pulse rate was obtained during the physical education lessons 140 beats/min followed by practical lessons 94 beats/min, pauses 83 beats/min and theory lessons 80 beats/min. The participants are using approximately 30 % of their maximal oxygen uptake during a day with practical lessons. Conclusions This study shows that it is during physical education lessons and to some extent during practical lessons in building construction, a higher activity level measured in heart rate can be noticed in the participants. The study indicates that the participants are exposed to a relative high physical workload. Roughly 30 % of maximal oxygen uptake is used during a day of practical lessons.
Morrone, Maria Francesca. "Validation of a test for the physical performance evaluation of elderly and diseased subjects." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18146/.
Full textPinto, Stephanie Santana. "Comparação das respostas cardiorrespiratórias, neuromusculares e cinemáticas de um exercício de hidroginástica executado em diferentes cadências com e sem equipamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17694.
Full textThe purpose of the present study was to compare the cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses during the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension in different cadences with and without equipment. The sample was consisted of fifteen young women that performed the exercise without equipment (NO-E), with floating equipment in upper and lower limbs (FLO-LLs/ULs) and with resistive equipment in upper and lower limbs (RES-LLs/ULs) at three cadences (80 bpm, 100 bpm and maximal effort). For submaximal cadences the exercise was performed during 4 min and during 15 s at maximal effort in each situation. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (factors: cadence, situation, phase of movement) with the Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed significant differences between FLO-LLs/ULs and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E and higher values of these variables was found in the situations with equipment. In addition, the results for cardirespiratory responses demonstrated significant difference between submaximal cadences (80 and 100 bpm) with higher values of heart rate and oxygen uptake at 100 bpm. For the range of motion significant differences between cadences was showed with higher values of this variable for hip and knee according to the increment of the cadence. However, the range of motion for elbow decreased with the increment of the cadence. The angular velocity for elbow, hip and knee presented significant differences between cadences with higher values at maximal effort. Besides, the angular velocity for hip was minor in the situations FLU-LLs/Uls and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E. For neuromucular responses no significant differences were showed between situations, except the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) for triceps brachii that was major in FLO-LLs/ULs. Between the different submaximal cadences no significant differences was found for all muscles analyzed, however, between these submaximal cadences and maximal effort were found significant differences with higher values of the %MVC at maximal effort. The unique %MVC that demonstrated significant differences between all cadences analyzed in this study was for biceps femoris. Between the phases of movement (flexion and extension) no significant difference was showed for all muscles investigated, except for the %MVC for rectus femoris that was higher in extension phase. In conclusion, the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension presented higher cardiorespiratory responses with equipment (floating and resistive) and also with the enhance at the cadence of execution. Nevertheless, neuromuscular responses showed no significant difference between submaximal cadences, but these responses were significantly higher at maximal effort.
Ainegren, Mats. "The rolling resistances of roller skis and their effects on human performance during treadmill roller skiing." Licentiate thesis, Sundsvall : Dep. of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Mid Sweden University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-10844.
Full textGut, Luiza. "Assessment of a partial nitritation/Anammox system for nitrogen removal." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-604.
Full textCoertjens, Marcelo. "Efeitos da imersão no meio líquido na recuperação de exercício físico anaeróbico sobre o desempenho e o comportamento de parâmetros fisiológicos de atletas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11830.
Full textIntroduction: Uncertainties exist regarding the use of immersion to accelerate passive recovery after anaerobic exercise. Objective: To assess if immersion at different temperatures accelerates the recovery of baseline physiological variables after anaerobic exercise and improves subsequent physical performance. Methodology: Sixteen male trained cyclists and five male trained triathletes (average age, 26,9 ± 5,8 y, mean body mass 72,3 ± 7,9 kg and average height 175,7 ± 7,7 cm) were subjected, on three separate occasions, to two Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) using a bicycle ergometer to measure mean power output (MPO), peak power output (PPO), total work (TW) and fatigue index (FI). Each WAnT test was followed by 10 minutes passive recovery, either unimmersed or immersed at 20 ºC or 40 ºC (randomly selected). Blood was collected every two-minutes during recovery for lactate analysis. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), expired volume (VE), respiratory exchange rate (RER) and heart rate (HR) were measured. During the last minute of recovery ten-minute mean (Mean10min) values were calculated, graphs being plotted to estimate time constants (TC) and the area under the curve (AUC) for each parameter. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model repeated-measurement ANOVA with type of recovery, test and time as factors. Results: Immersion at 40 ºC produced a 2.2% improvement in power output during the second WAnT test while at 20 ºC there was a 2.4% decrease in power output (p < 0.01). Compared to the unimmersed values, immersion significantly increased (p < 0.05) the Mean 10min (VO2 +16%, VCO2 +10%, VE +14%, HR +15%), AUC (VO2 +31%, VCO2 +21%, VE +20%, HR +22%) and TC VO2 (+18%) values but decreased the TC HR value (-37%). There was no apparent effect on serum lactate. Conclusion: Immersion during short recovery periods after anaerobic exercise delayed physiological recovery. Performance decreased after immersion at 20 °C but increased at 40 ºC.
Alberton, Cristine Lima. "Respostas cardiorrespiratórias e neuromusculares da corrida estacionária em diferentes cadências nos meios aquático e terrestre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11315.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to analyze the cardiorespiratory, kinematic and neuromuscular response of young women performing stationary running exercise at different cadences in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The study sample consisted of twelve young women, experienced in hydrogymnastics. Each one took part in two experimental sessions: 1) collection of sample characterization data and the performance of a maximum effort test; 2) collection of the cardiorespiratory (heart rate, (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax) and percentage of maximum VO2 (%VO2max)), kinematic (mean hip angular velocity (MHAV) and peak hip angular velocity (PHAV)), and neuromusuclar variables (electromyographic signal amplitude (EMG) of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles). In order to collect these variables, two test protocols were carried out, one land-based and the other water-based, with a two-hour interval between them. The stationary running exercise was performed in each of these environments during 4 min at 3 submaximal cadences (60, 80, and 100 bpm) and during 15 s at maximum effort, with a 5 min-interval between each situation. We used blocked variance analysis, in which the effect of the subject was considered an additional source of variation for the statistical analysis. The data was processed using the SPSS (version 13.0) and R-project programs. The findings showed that the MHAV and PHAV were significantly higher when the exercise was performed on land, and higher the greater the cadence of execution, suggesting distinct kinematic patterns for the two environments. Similarly, the cardiorespiratory responses were higher with the land-based exercise and increased significantly with increased cadence. The neuromuscular responses, however, showed no such behavior, with the EMG signal from the VL, BF, RF and ST muscles showing no significant increase with greater cadence of execution, except from the sub-maximum cadences to the maximum effort. When comparing the environments, the terrestrial environment presented significantly greater EMG signal responses from all the muscles at the sub-maximum cadences, except for the ST muscle which presented similar responses in both environments. However, at the maximum effort, all the analyzed muscle groups showed similar responses in both environments. In summary, at the cadences used in the present study, the performance of the stationary running exercise in an aquatic environment at a sub-maximum cadences presents lower cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses than the same exercise performed on land. Yet, at maximum intensities, the amplitude of the EMG signal may present similar muscular activation patterns in the two environments.
Thunberg, Andreas. "Energieffektivisering av luftningssteget på Käppalaverket, Lidingö." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88824.
Full textThis master thesis in energy optimization was made during the autumn of 2006 at Käppala wastewater treatment plant in Lidingö, Stockholm. A preceding thesis, where all electricity consumption was mapped, showed that the aeration in the biological treatment is the single largest consumer in the plant, and it is therefore of interest to reduce this cost. The oxygen control strategy used at Käppala WWTP is working well from a nutrient removal point of view, but not from an economic one. The last aerobic zones have a very low oxygen consumption during low loading periods which give rise to enhanced dissolved oxygen concentrations with excessive costs and reduced denitrification as a result. But also during periods of normal loading unnecessary high oxygen concentration are sometimes given.
By modifying the aeration control strategy three full-scale experiments have been made, with the intention to reduce the air consumption. The experiments were carried out during week 37-50 in the autumn of 2006 and showed that savings could be made.
The regular oxygen control at Käppala WWTP controls the oxygen level in the aerobic compartment with two DO-setpoints; one in the first aerobic zone and one in the last. The zones in between are controlled by an airflow fractionation depending on the oxygen level in the first and last zone. In the first strategy to be evaluated, all four zones in the aerated part were individually controlled with its own setpoint. Two different setpoint combinations were tested. By using the fact that the efficiency in the oxygen transfer rate was higher at low airflows, savings of approximately 16 % were achieved. In the second strategy tested, an ammonia-feedback control combined with a DO-feedback controlled the DO-set point in the first aerobic zone. This strategy adjusted the DO- set points to the loading variations, and this gave a decreased airflow of approximately 9 %. Finally the two strategies were combined. All zones were then controlled individually with DO-set points set by an ammonium-feedback and a DO-feedback. The strategy gave savings in the airflow of approximately 18 %. In all three trials the aerated zones were more efficiently used, and the estimated savings are 550 000 SEK/year, and with a preserved nutrient removal efficiency.
Under hösten 2006 har ett examensarbete om energieffektivisering på Käppalaverket på Lidingö utförts. Ett föregående examensarbete där all elenergiförbrukning kartlades visade att blåsmaskinerna i biosteget står för den enskilt största förbrukningen i verket och det är därför av intresse att minska denna kostnad. Syrestyrningsstrategin som används på Käppalaverket fungerar mycket bra ur reningssynpunkt, men är inte optimal ur energisynpunkt. Dels luftas de första aeroba zonerna för mycket vid låg belastning vilket ger upphov till kraftigt förhöjda syrekoncentrationer i de sista aeroba zonerna med höga luftningskostnader och risk för försämrad denitrifikation, men även under normal belastning har det visat sig att onödigt höga syrekoncentrationer ibland ges.
Tre fullskaliga optimeringsförsök har utförts, med syfte att minska luftförbrukningen med bibehållen reningsgrad. Försöken pågick från vecka 37 till 50 hösten 2006, och visade att det finns möjlighet att spara energi genom att modifiera syrestyrningsstrategin.
Den reguljära syreregleringen i Käppalaverket styr syrehalten i den aeroba bassängen mot två syrebörvärden; ett i den första luftade zonen och ett i den sista. Luftflödet till de mellanliggande zonerna styrs av luftflödesandelar beroende på syrehalten i dessa två zoner. Den första strategin som utvärderades styrde istället samtliga zoner individuellt med egna börvärden, där två olika strukturer på de satta börvärdena användes. Genom att utnyttja en högre effektivitet i syreöverföringshastigheten vid låga luftflöden uppnåddes luftflödesbesparingar på ca 16 % i första försöket.
I den andra strategin styrdes syrebörvärdet i den första luftade zonen med hjälp av två återkopplingar, en från utgående ammoniumhalt och en från syrehalten i den sista luftade zonen.
Tack vare att strategin anpassade syrebörvärdena efter belastningen av syretärande ämnen erhölls luftflödesbesparingar på ca 9 %. Slutligen kombinerades de två strategierna; samtliga zoner styrdes individuellt med börvärden satta av en ammonium-återkoppling och en syre-återkoppling. Strategin medförde luftflödesbesparingar på ca 18 %. I samtliga försök utnyttjades de luftade zonerna bättre, och besparingspotentialen uträknad från 2005 års elpriser blev som mest 550 000 SEK/år, detta med en bibehållen reningsgrad.
Mika, Anna. "Evaluation of Nitration/Anammox process by bacterial activity tests." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173853.
Full textBgeginski, Roberta. "Respostas cardiorrespiratórias de gestantes e não gestantes durantes e após a execução de exercícios de força com dois volumes distintos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28122.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to verify fetal heart rate and the cardiorespiratory responses in pregnant and non-pregnant women during and along 30 minutes postexecution of resistance exercises for upper and lower body, with two different volumes. The sample was composed of 20 healthy women, aged between 20-32 years old, being 10 pregnant women (gestational age between 22 and 24 weeks) and 10 non-pregnant women, who performed five experimental sessions: session 1: familiarization with the equipments and the determination of one estimated maximum repetition (1-RM); sessions 2, 3, 4 and 5: determination of the cardiorespiratory responses during and along 30 minutes post-resistance exercise on the bilateral leg extension and fly, with 1 and 3 sets of 15 repetitions, 50% of 1-RM. Results were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures with two and three factors with Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (α=0.05) (SPSS vs 13.0). The blood pressure responses during resistance exercises showed a lower behavior in the pregnant group. When the exercises were performed with a single set, only heart rate and rate-pressure product showed different responses between exercises, with increased values for bilateral leg extension, however, when the exercises were performed with multiple sets the heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, rate-pressure product, ventilation and oxygen uptake responses were different between exercises, with increased values for bilateral leg extension. The analyzed variables showed differences along 30 minutes post-exercise but in general it was similar to those pre-exercise values after 10 minutes from the end of the resistance exercise. There was no occurrence of uterine contractions along this period. The fetal heart rate responses did not presented differences between the exercises and volumes and along the 30 minutes post-resistance exercise and kept the normality patterns (120-160 bpm). In conclusion, during the performance of the bilateral leg extension and fly resistance exercises the blood pressure response was lower in the pregnant group. The bilateral leg extension showed higher values for the cardiorespiratory variables compared to fly exercise and the variables responses presented an increase with the addition of the sets performed. The fetal response was not different between exercises and volumes performed.
Pertence, Leonardo Coelho. "Pedalada unilateral: influência da aplicação de contrapesos no consumo de oxigênio, frequência cardíaca e percepção do esforço." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1983.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos da aplicação contrapesos no VO2, FC e PE durante a pedalada unilateral. Participaram do estudo 11 ciclistas (31 ± 8 anos, 176 ± 8 cm, 70,6 ± 10,8 Kg, 22,7 ± 2,1 Kg.m2, e 64 ± 9 ml.kg-1.min-1). Os ciclistas compareceram ao laboratório em 7 dias diferentes. No primeiro dia, foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, a um teste de pedalada bilateral (PB) em carga constante nas potências de 60 e 100 W e cadências de 60, 75 e 90 rpm, seguido por um teste de PB incremental. Do segundo ao sétimo dia, foram realizados os testes de pedalada unilateral (PU) com o membro inferior dominante utilizando os contrapesos de 2,5 kg ou 5,0 kg ou sem contrapeso nas potências de 60 e 100 W. O VO2, FC e PE foram medidos em todos os testes de PB e PU. Os dados foram apresentados por média ± desvio padrão. Foi utilizada ANOVA para medidas repetidas e posteriormente a plotagem de Bland-Altman para verificar a concordância entre a PU e a PB. Na potência de 60 W, a PU pode ser executada sem a necessidade de aplicação de contrapesos. Na potência de 100 W, durante a PU, tanto o contrapeso de 2,5 quanto o de 5,0 Kg equipararam o VO2 com o da PB, independentemente da cadência utilizada. Para a frequência cardíaca e percepção do esforço, o uso de contrapesos na potência de 60 W mostrou-se efetivo em reproduzir a PB. Entretanto, na potência de 100 W, a aplicação de contrapesos tanto para a frequência cardíaca quanto para a percepção do esforço, não foi um método eficaz para tornar a PU similar a PB.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of applying counterweight on VO2, HR and RPE during single-leg cycling. The study included 11 cyclists (31 ± 8 years, 176 ± 8 cm, 70.6 ± 10.8 kg, BMI 22.7 ± 2.1 and 64 ± 9ml.kg-1.min-1). The experimental design was divided into 7 different days. On the first day, the volunteers were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, a double-leg test of cadences in powers of 60 and 100 W and cadences of 60, 75 and 90 rpm followed by a double-leg incremental test. From the second to the seventh day, were performed single-leg tests with dominant leg using the counterweight 2.5 kg or 5kg or noncounterweight and in the 60 W and 100 W powers. The VO2, HR and RPE values were measured in all tests. The data were presented by mean ± standard deviation. We used, ANOVA for repeated measures and subsequently the Bland-Altman plot to assess the agreement between single-leg and double-leg cycling. The PU60 was not different from PB60 from the point of view of oxygen uptake. At 100 W workload, both the counterweights 2.5 Kg and 5,0 Kg matched the oxygen uptake, enabling single-leg cycling to be performed with the same metabolic cost of double-leg cycling. However, at 100 W workload, the counterweight apparatus was not effective to make similar single-leg and double-leg cycling based on HR and RPE comparisons.
Molina, Renato. "Efeito do exercício excêntrico sobre as propriedades mecânicas do músculo e índices de aptidão aeróbia /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100447.
Full textBanca: Renato de Sousa Almeida
Banca: Sergio Ricardo de Abreu Camarda
Banca: Fabrizio Caputo
Banca: Mauro Gonçalves
Resumo: Exercícios intensos e/ou não habituais, realizados através de contrações excêntricas, ocorrem constantemente em nossas vidas, os quais podem resultar em dores musculares imediatas ou tardias, com um marcado e prolongado efeito sobre nossa capacidade funcional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do exercício excêntrico (EE), associado com dano muscular, sobre as propriedades mecânicas do músculo e índices de aptidão aeróbia. Metodologicamente o experimento foi dividido em 1 e 2. No primeiro experimento, doze homens (21,7±2,3 anos) saudáveis, não treinados, foram avaliados, através de três contrações voluntárias máximas (CVM), no pico de torque (PT) isocinético do quadríceps, e correspondente, pico da taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (pico TDT), pico da taxa de desenvolvimento de velocidade (pico TDV) e impulso contrátil (IC) a 60º.s-1 antes e após 24h e 48h de um protocolo de exercícios excêntricos de dez séries de dez repetições máximas. No segundo experimento, vinte homens (24,4±3,5 anos) saudáveis e não treinados foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a cadência realizada no ciclismo (50 rpm e 100 rpm), e avaliados para a cinética de consumo de oxigênio ( O2) e eficiência mecânica bruta (EB) e de trabalho (ET), através de três transições de ciclismo com duração cada uma de 6min a 90% do limiar de lactato precedidas de 4min a 0W, antes e após 24h e 48h do protocolo de EE. Nos dois experimentos os indicadores indiretos de dano muscular de dor muscular tardia (DMT), atividade da creatina quinase (CK) plasmática e pico de torque isocinético concêntrico (PT) foram significantemente alterados 24h e 48h após o protocolo de exercícios excêntricos, em relação aos valores de base. No primeiro experimento o PT (-15,3%, p=0,002), pico TDT (-13,1%,. p=0,03) e IC (-29,3%,. p=0,01) diminuíram significantemente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Intense and/or unusual exercises, related to eccentric contractions are constant in our lives, resulting in immediate or delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and may have a marked and prolonged effect on our functional capacity. Thus, this study was to analyze the effect of eccentric exercise (EE), associated with muscle damage, on the mechanical properties of muscle and indices of aerobic fitness. Methodologically the experiment was divided into 1 and 2. In the first experiment, twelve (21.7 ± 2.3 years) healthy untrained men subjects were assessed at peak torque (PT) isokinetic quadriceps, and the corresponding peak rate of torque development (peak RTD), peak rate velocity development (peak RVD) and contractile impulse (CI) at 60o. s-1 before and after 24h and 48h isokinetic EE protocol of 10 sets of 10 repetitions. In the second experiment, twenty (24.4 ± 3.5 years) healthy and untrained men were divided into two cycling cadence groups (50 rpm and 100 rpm) and evaluated for the pulmonary oxygen uptake ( O2) kinetics and gross (GE) and work (WE) mechanical efficiency through 3 transitions cycling lasting each of 6 min at 90% lactate threshold preceded by 4min at 0W, before and after 24h and 48h protocol EE. In both experiments, DOMS (DMT), activity of creatine quinase (CK) in plasma and peak isokinetic concentric torque (PT) was significantly altered at 24h and 48h after the eccentric exercise protocol. In the first experiment, the PT (-15.3%, p = 0.002), peak RTD (-13.1%. p = 0.03) and CI (- 29.3%. p = 0.01) decreased significantly to 24h and peak RVD not changed. After 48h, PT (-7.9%, p = 0.002) and CI (-29.2%, p = 0.003) were maintained less values but RTD recovered to baseline values. RTD normalized to PT (% CVM.s-1) measured at 30 ms (24h = 580.5%, p = 0.01 and 48h = 681.3%, p = 0.006) and 100 ms (48h = 623.3 %, p = 0.009) the onset of contraction was higher than the previous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Fortier, Justine. "Contribution à l'estimation de la dépense énergétique liée à l'exercice chez le cheval trotteur attelé : utilisation des mesures de consommation d'oxygène et de fréquence cardiaque en conditions de terrain." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS056/document.
Full textPhysical activity, commonly expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic requirements, induces an additional energy cost which varied with exercises and their characteristics. The objective of the present work was to estimate energy expenditure related to training exercises in the harnessed Standardbred trotters. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured in field conditions in trotters maintained under controlled situation using a portable device measuring respiratory gas exchanges, the equine K4b² and the Equimask. Trotters were submitted to four exercises used in the trotter training: ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’. Preliminary to the quantification of the exercise energy expenditure, some methodological adaptations were needed. Our results showed that the use of portable analyzers provides consistent cardiorespiratory data even at high running speeds (12 m/s) and thus a good estimation of the exercise energy expenditure. However for practical application in the field, our results suggest that heart rate can be used to estimate VO2, particularly when individual VO2/HR curve was established previously. Our results confirm the interest of the investigation of the exercise energy expenditure which is directly related to the intensity, duration and type of exercise performed. Indeed, we proposed coefficients to increase total energy expenditure due to the exercise in multiple to the energy basal metabolism. Coefficients correspond to 1.26 - 1.23 to 1.39 and 1.39 times the maintenance requirements for ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’ exercises. A typical training week in trained trotter requires an increase of the energy 1.30 times maintenance requirements. Although this estimate needs to be completed by adding anaerobic contribution to the energy supply but also all additional physical activities performed by trained trotters, our work provides new evidence to quantify energy expenditure related to specific exercises in harnessed Standardbred trotter
Pinto, Stephanie Santana. "Efeitos de um treinamento concorrente na hidroginástica sobre as variáveis neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias de mulheres jovens e pós-menopáusicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72455.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the intra-session exercise order (i.e., resistance-aerobic or aerobic-resistance) during water-based concurrent training on the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory variables in young and postmenopausal women. Twenty-six young women (25.12 ± 2.94 years) were randomly assigned into two groups in study I: resistance-aerobic (RA) (n=13) and aerobicresistance (n=13). For study II, twenty-one postmenopausal women were also randomly assigned into two groups: resistance-aerobic (RA) (n=10) and aerobic-resistance (n=11). In both studies the subjects performed the water-based concurrent training two times a week during 12 weeks, performing both resistance and aerobic training in the same session. The resistance training was performed with sets at maximal effort and the aerobic training with exercises at heart rate corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold. All variables were evaluated before and after training. A repeated measure ANOVA with group factor was used to analyze the data of the present study (α=0.05). After training in study I, with the young women, there was a significant increase in the maximal dynamic strength in all muscle groups (elbow and knee flexors and extensors) evaluated using the one-repetition maximal test (1RM). The RA group presented grater relative gains of the knee extensors maximal dynamic strength compared to the AR group (43.58 ± 14.00% vs. 27.01 ± 18.05%, respectively). After training there was a significant increase of the maximal isometric peak torque (PT) of all muscle groups (except elbow extensor PT) evaluated using the Biodex dynamometer, with no difference between RA and AR groups. In addition, after training there was a significant increase of the maximal rate of force development (RFD) and of the RFD at different windows (50, 100, 250 ms) during the knee extension maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), with no difference between RA and AR groups. There was a significant increase of the maximal isometric electromyography (EMG) activity of biceps brachii and vastus lateralis after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. Moreover, the submaximal isometric EMG activity of biceps braachi at 40% of MIVC, the submaximal isometric EMG activity of vastus lateralis at 40% and 80% of MIVC and the submaximal isometric EMG activity of rectus femoris at 80% of MIVC showed lower values after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. After training, there was a significant increase of the muscle thickness of biceps brachii, brachialis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris, with no difference between RA and AR groups. The relative gains of the muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius were greater for the RA group compared to the AR group (vastus lateralis: 10.00 ± 7.64% vs. 5.28 ± 3.42%, vastus intermedius: 11.58 ± 5.36% vs. 4.40 ± 3.77%, respectively). The height of the countermovement jump improved after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. In addition, the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1) showed significant increases after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. In study II, with the postmenopausal women, there was a significant increase in the maximal dynamic strength of the elbow flexors and extensors, with no difference between RA and AR groups. The knee extensors 1RM in the RA group showed greater increases than the AR group (34.62 ± 13.51% vs. 14.16 ± 13.68%). After training, there were significant increases of the knee flexors and extensors PT, with no difference between RA and AR groups. In addition, there was a significant increase in the knee extension maximal RFD and in the knee extension RFD at different windows (50, 100, 250 ms), with no difference between RA and AR groups. Moreover, there were increases of the maximal isometric EMG activity of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, with no difference between RA and AR groups. Furthermore, the submaximal isometric EMG activity of rectus femoris at 40% of MIVC showed lower values after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. Also, there were significant increases of the muscle thickness of all muscles evaluated, with no difference between RA and AR groups (except rectus femoris). Significant increase was also observed in the oxygen uptake corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold (VO2VT2) after training, with no difference between RA and AR groups. In summary, the intra-session exercise order with resistance exercises prior to aerobic exercises optimizes the knee extensors maximal dynamic strength gains in young and postmenopausal women, as well as the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness in young women when compared to the inverse order (i.e., aerobic-resistance).
Coletti, Fábio José. "Pós-tratamento por lodos ativados de efluente de um reator anaeróbio compartimentado no tratamento de esgoto sanitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-14052018-104456/.
Full textIn this work the activated sludge process for post-treatment of effluent anaerobic baffled reactor which receives sanitary sewage was studied. This was established during various experiments in batch system to evaluate the biodegradable of this wastewater and also in an experiment of continuous system aiming to improve the quality of the final effluent and to determine the kinetic coefficients, the a\' and b\' parameters, the oxygen uptake rate and the α coefficient. Hydrodynamic tests to verify the type of reactor used in this research were also perfonned. The work was developed and based on an aeration cell bench-scale, composed of four chambers (reactors) which had an aeration tank and a secondary settling tank in the same chamber, separated by a fixed baffle. Temperature control was not used in both systems. In the experiment of continuous system, four reactors were simultaneously operated with sludge age of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days during 35 days. The hidraulic retention time was maintained at around 8 hours. When the reactors were dynamically stabilized, they showed an average removal superior to 95% for BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), 90% for filtrated BOD, 87% for COD (chemical oxygen demand), 80% for filtrated COD and 95% for TSS (total suspended solids). Without additional process of nutrient removal, after the dynamic stabilization the reactors presented up to 28% of total phosphate removal and ammonia nitrogen up to levels of not being detected by the analyses methods used. The hydrodynamic tests showed that the reactors are of the complete-mix type.
Hashimoto, Nara Yumi. "Efeitos do treinamento físico por natação sobre o sistema cardiovascular e marcadores moleculares de hipertrofia cardíaca em ratas wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-12122007-135154/.
Full textSwimming training leads to a cardiac volume overload that induces excentric cardiac hypertrophy (CH) with an increase in cardiac mass and diameter. Cardiovascular system adaptations and expression of genes relatated with pathological CH were investigated in swimming training CH. We studied 42 wistar females, divided in sedentary control (SC) group, protocol 1 trained group (P1) and protocol 2 trained group (P2). The P1 training program was once a day for 5 times/week for 10 weeks. P2 was the same as P1 until 8th week. In 9th week it was twice a day and in 10th week 3 times a day. Trained groups, in contrast with SC, showed rest bradycardia, improvement in physical performance, maximum oxygen uptake and CH, with no alteration in the medium arterial pressure and in the expression of atrial natriuretic factor and skeletal alpha actin genes. Moreover, P2 showed an increase in cardiac diameter and decrease in the expression of beta myosin heavy chain gene. This expression result is different of patological CH literature wich shows an increase of this gene expression and also in the others genes we had investigated. P2 CH results were similar to those recently found in endurance-type athletes, sugesting this is a good model to investigate mechanisms involved in endurance-type athletes CH
Reboredo, Maycon de Moura. "Efeitos do treinamento aeróbico durante as sessões de hemodiálise em parâmetros cardiovasculares na tolerância ao exercício em pacientes com doença renal crônica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2618.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introdução: A diminuição da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) nos pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) sob tratamento hemodialítico representa um fator de risco independente para a mortalidade cardíaca, especialmente a morte súbita. Estes pacientes também apresentam anormalidades hemodinâmicas e musculares que podem reduzir a tolerância ao exercício e lentificar a cinética do consumo de oxigênio ( O2). Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico, realizado durante as sessões de hemodiálise, na VFC, na função ventricular esquerda, na tolerância máxima ao exercício e na cinética do O2 em pacientes com DRC. Métodos: Foram avaliados 24 pacientes randomizados em dois grupos: exercício (n=12, 50,7 ± 10,7 anos, 5 homens) e controle (n=12, 42,2 ± 13 anos, 5 homens). Os pacientes do grupo exercício foram submetidos a três sessões semanais de exercício aeróbico, realizado nas duas horas iniciais da hemodiálise, durante 12 semanas. No período basal e após 12 semanas de estudo, todos os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames de Holter e de ecocardiograma, a um teste de exercício cardiorrespiratório máximo e dois com carga constante utilizando protocolos de exercício moderado e intenso. Para comparação dos valores basais e finais em cada grupo foram realizados o teste t de Student pareado ou o teste de Wilcoxon. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas pelo teste t de Student não pareado ou o teste de Mann-Whitney (p <0,05). Resultados: Após 12 semanas de exercício aeróbico, não foi observada diferença significante na fração de ejeção e nos parâmetros da VFC nos domínios do tempo e da frequência. Por outro lado, o O2pico (25,8 ± 5,5 ml/Kg/min-1 vs. 29 ± 7 ml/Kg/min-1) e o TLIM [232 (59s) vs. 445 (451s)] aumentaram significativamente nos pacientes do grupo exercício. As repostas da cinética do O2 foram mais rápidas na transição on nos protocolos de exercício moderado (τ diminui de 62,5 ± 19,6s para 45 ± 12,6s, p <0,05) e intenso (τ diminui de 52,9 ± 17,4s para 40,4 ± 13,8s, p <0,05) após o período de treinamento. Respostas semelhantes foram observadas na transição off em ambos os protocolos. Conclusões: O exercício aeróbico realizado durante as sessões de hemodiálise proporcionou aumento da tolerância máxima ao exercício e resposta mais rápida da cinética do O2, apesar de não modificar a VFC e não promover melhora na função ventricular esquerda em pacientes renais crônicos
Introduction: Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis is predictive of cardiac death, especially due to sudden death. These patients have several hemodynamic and peripheral muscle abnormalities which could decrease exercise tolerance and slow the kinetics of oxygen uptake ( O2). Objectives: To evaluate the effects of aerobic training performed during hemodialysis on HRV, left ventricular function, maximal aerobic capacity and O2 kinetics in ESRD patients. Methods: Twenty four patients were randomized into two groups: exercise (n=12, 50.7 ± 10.7 years, 5 men) and control (n=12, 42.2 ± 13 years, 5 men). Patients assigned to the exercise group were submitted to exercise training during hemodialysis, three times weekly, for 12 weeks. At the baseline and after 12 weeks of study, all the participants were submitted to a 24 hours Holter monitoring, an echocardiography, an incremental and two constant work exercises tests (moderate and heavy intensity). Paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test were used to assess the change between baseline and the end of the 12 weeks of study. Comparisons between groups were done by unpaired Student's ttest or Mann-Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: After 12 weeks of protocol, no significant differences were observed in ejection fraction and in time and frequency domains measures of HRV. On the other hand, the O2peak (25.8 ± 5.5 ml/Kg/min-1 vs. 29 ± 7 ml/Kg/min-1) and TLIM [232 (59s) vs. 445 (451s)] increased significantly in the exercise group. Training significantly accelerated on-exercise O2 kinetics at both moderate (τ decreased from 62.5 ± 19.6s to 45 ± 12.6s) and heavy (τ decreased from 52.9 ± 17.4s to 40.4 ± 13.8s) exercise intensity domains. Similar beneficial findings of training were observed at the off-exercise O2 kinetics at both exercise intensity domains. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise training performed during hemodialysis sessions increased exercise tolerance and accelerated O2 kinetics, despite no changes in HRV and left ventricular function in ESRD patients.
Ainegren, Mats. "Roller skis' rolling resistance and grip characteristics : influences on physiological and performance measures in cross-country skiers." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16446.
Full textSyftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka fristils- och klassiska rullskidors rullmotståndskoefficienter (μR) och klassiska rullskidors statiska friktionskoefficienter (μS) samt effekter av olika μR och μS på längdskidåkares prestation vid rullskidåkning på rullande band. Syftet var även att undersöka s.k. åkekonomi och mekanisk verkningsgrad mellan motionärer och kvinnliga och manliga junior- och seniorlängdskidåkare på elitnivå.Experimenten visade att under en period av 30 minuters kontinuerligt rullande, på rullande band, så sjönk μR signifikant (p<0.05) till 60-65 % och 70-75 % av initiala värden, för fristils- respektive klassiska rullskidor. Undersökandet av olika normalkrafter, hastigheter och lutningars påverkan på μR resulterade i en signifikant, negativ korrelation för μR som funktion av normalkraft, medan olika hastigheter och lutningar endast medförde små förändringar av μR.Studien som undersökte fysiologiska effekter av olika μR visade, vid submaximala konstanta arbetsbelastningar, att yttre effekt, syreupptagning, hjärtfrekvens och blodlaktat förändrades signifikant vid ~50 % förändring av μR. Försökspersonernas frekvens och sträcka per frekvens samt skattning av upplevd ansträngning resulterade dock i mestadels icke signifikanta eller små förändringar. Protokollen med successivt ökande arbetsbelastning (maxtest) resulterade i signifikant förändrad tid till utmattning, vid ~50 % förändring av μR. Detta inträffade utan signifikant skillnad i maximal syreupptagning, hjärtfrekvens och blodlaktat, vilket även mestadels gällde för skattning av upplevd ansträngning.Experimenten som undersökte klassiska rullskidors μS visade att dessa erhöll värden som är fem till åtta gånger högre än vad som rapporterats från studier av μS på snö med fästvallade skidor.Den efterföljande studien som undersökte fysiologiska och biomekaniska influenser av olika μS visade, vid submaximala konstanta arbetsbelastningar, att åkekonomin försämrades (~14 % högre syreförbrukning), hjärtfrekvensen ökade, den framåtdrivande kraften från benen på rullskidorna minskade samt att det blev kortare tid till utmattning (~30 %), vid maxtest, när skidåkarna använde rullskidor med en μS i likhet med vad som rapporterats för skidåkning på snö. För arbetsförsöken med olika rullskidor av olika fabrikat med en högre, och likartad, μS förelåg ingen skillnad i de undersökta variablerna.Studien som undersökte åkekonomi och mekanisk verkningsgrad som funktion av prestationsnivå, ålder och kön, visade att elitskidåkarna hade bättre åkekonomi och verkningsgrad (5-18 %) i jämförelse med motionärerna, att seniorerna hade bättre åkekonomi och verkningsgrad (4-5 %) än juniorerna och att ingen skillnad kunde konstateras mellan könen.
Nascimento, Eduardo Marcel Fernandes. "Determinação das zonas de transição metabólica durante a corrida mediante os limiares de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-20012011-133804/.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to obtain evidences of validity and reliability of the thresholds of heart rate variability (HRV). Nineteen male subjects, healthy and runners (30,4 ± 4,1 years; 175,9 ± 6,4 cm; 74,3 ± 8,5 kg) performed a progressive maximal test on a treadmill with initial velocity 5 km.h-1 e increases of 1 km.h-1 every 3 minutes (1% slope) until voluntary exhaustion. All subjects performed the retest at an interval of time between 48 hours and one week. It was measured gas exchange, blood lactate and heart rate variability (Poincaré plot). The aerobic threshold (AT) and anaerobic (AnT) were determined by lactate, ventilatory and heart rate variability. ANOVA for repeated measures and post-hoc test of Bonferroni was used to compare the methods. To analyze the reproducibility of the variables were used the Bland- Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results of this study show that the velocity at the second and third models employed to determine the AT by HRV were not significantly different (p > 0.05) of the first lactate threshold and ventilatory. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the velocities corresponding to AnT detected by different methods (p> 0.05). The ICC values were between 0.69 to 0.80 (p < 0.001). We conclude that the AT and the AnT can be estimated by HRV analysis, since it utilizes the procedures employed in this study
Santos, Luciana Silva dos. "A influência da salinidade nos processos de tratamento de efluentes por lodos ativados." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8004.
Full textEffluent treatment process by sludge activated is one of the most used processes of treatment all over the world, mainly because of the quality of the final effluent. However, this process is a biological one, and so, it depends on the bacterial activity to the stabilization of the organic matter of the sewage. Considering this, it is necessary to maintain the ideal conditions to the survival and proliferation of the bacteria responsible for the process. This work considered two parameters to evaluate the influence of the salinity in the sludge activated processes; these parameters are widely used in research, however, little used for the monitoring of the Wastewater Treatment Plants. The objectives of this work are to investigate the influence of the salinity through the respirometry test and the biological quality of the sludge. The results of the metabolic activity are presented in graphics, in terms of Oxygen Uptake Rate and percentage of inhibition. The results of the biological quality are presented in numbers by 0 to 10 according to the Mandonis Index (1994). The results show the intoxication of the sludge activated in saline concentrations higher than 5 g/L of NaCl in the saline shock, and it seems that efficiency do not get better even after 96 hours. The results suggests that the respirometry test and the biological quality test are efficient and complementary to the evaluation of salinity in the sludge activated processes.
Silva, Francisco Jadilson dos Santos. "ESTIMAÇÃO DA TAXA DE CONSUMO DE OXIGÊNIO EM SISTEMAS DE LODO ATIVADO USANDO FILTRO DE KALMAN E CONTROLE PWM DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE OXIGÊNIO DISSOLVIDO." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2011. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/470.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The measurement and utilization of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR), or respiration rate, is very important in biological wastewater treatment process. The OUR provides information about the biological activity and may indicate the presence of the toxic elements capable of corrupting the system. Due to the lack of reliable real time sensors for measurement of the respiration rate, computer codes, based on estimation techniques, have been used to develop software sensors to overcome such difficulties. In this work a software sensor, using a Kalman Filter algorithm, is developed to estimate the OUR in an aerobic reactor, in which the dissolved oxygen concentration is controlled by aerators of on-off type triggered by pulse width modulation. Simulations and experimental results performed in a bench-scale activated sludge reactor are compared. It follows from the analysis of results, that the proposed method is able to estimate the OUR reliably and in real time.
A medição e a utilização da taxa de consumo de oxigênio (TCO), ou taxa de respiração, é muito importante para os processos biológicos de tratamento de águas residuais. A TCO fornece informações a respeito da atividade biológica e pode indicar a presença de elementos tóxicos capazes de comprometer a unidade de tratamento. Devido à carência de sensores confiáveis e em tempo real para a medição da taxa de respiração, programas de computador, baseados em técnicas de estimação, têm sido aplicados no desenvolvimento de sensores por software como uma alternativa para superar tais dificuldades. Neste trabalho um sensor por software, utilizando um algoritmo de Filtro de Kalman, é desenvolvido para estimar a TCO em um reator aeróbio no qual a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido é controlada por meio aeradores do tipo liga-desliga acionados por modulação por largura de pulsos. Simulações e resultados experimentais, obtidos em um reator de lodo ativado em escala de bancada, são comparados. Conclui-se, a partir da análise dos resultados, que o método proposto é capaz de estimar a TCO de forma confiável e em tempo real.
Molina, Renato [UNESP]. "Efeito do exercício excêntrico sobre as propriedades mecânicas do músculo e índices de aptidão aeróbia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100447.
Full textExercícios intensos e/ou não habituais, realizados através de contrações excêntricas, ocorrem constantemente em nossas vidas, os quais podem resultar em dores musculares imediatas ou tardias, com um marcado e prolongado efeito sobre nossa capacidade funcional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do exercício excêntrico (EE), associado com dano muscular, sobre as propriedades mecânicas do músculo e índices de aptidão aeróbia. Metodologicamente o experimento foi dividido em 1 e 2. No primeiro experimento, doze homens (21,7±2,3 anos) saudáveis, não treinados, foram avaliados, através de três contrações voluntárias máximas (CVM), no pico de torque (PT) isocinético do quadríceps, e correspondente, pico da taxa de desenvolvimento de torque (pico TDT), pico da taxa de desenvolvimento de velocidade (pico TDV) e impulso contrátil (IC) a 60º.s-1 antes e após 24h e 48h de um protocolo de exercícios excêntricos de dez séries de dez repetições máximas. No segundo experimento, vinte homens (24,4±3,5 anos) saudáveis e não treinados foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a cadência realizada no ciclismo (50 rpm e 100 rpm), e avaliados para a cinética de consumo de oxigênio ( O2) e eficiência mecânica bruta (EB) e de trabalho (ET), através de três transições de ciclismo com duração cada uma de 6min a 90% do limiar de lactato precedidas de 4min a 0W, antes e após 24h e 48h do protocolo de EE. Nos dois experimentos os indicadores indiretos de dano muscular de dor muscular tardia (DMT), atividade da creatina quinase (CK) plasmática e pico de torque isocinético concêntrico (PT) foram significantemente alterados 24h e 48h após o protocolo de exercícios excêntricos, em relação aos valores de base. No primeiro experimento o PT (-15,3%, p=0,002), pico TDT (-13,1%,. p=0,03) e IC (-29,3%,. p=0,01) diminuíram significantemente...
Intense and/or unusual exercises, related to eccentric contractions are constant in our lives, resulting in immediate or delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and may have a marked and prolonged effect on our functional capacity. Thus, this study was to analyze the effect of eccentric exercise (EE), associated with muscle damage, on the mechanical properties of muscle and indices of aerobic fitness. Methodologically the experiment was divided into 1 and 2. In the first experiment, twelve (21.7 ± 2.3 years) healthy untrained men subjects were assessed at peak torque (PT) isokinetic quadriceps, and the corresponding peak rate of torque development (peak RTD), peak rate velocity development (peak RVD) and contractile impulse (CI) at 60o. s-1 before and after 24h and 48h isokinetic EE protocol of 10 sets of 10 repetitions. In the second experiment, twenty (24.4 ± 3.5 years) healthy and untrained men were divided into two cycling cadence groups (50 rpm and 100 rpm) and evaluated for the pulmonary oxygen uptake ( O2) kinetics and gross (GE) and work (WE) mechanical efficiency through 3 transitions cycling lasting each of 6 min at 90% lactate threshold preceded by 4min at 0W, before and after 24h and 48h protocol EE. In both experiments, DOMS (DMT), activity of creatine quinase (CK) in plasma and peak isokinetic concentric torque (PT) was significantly altered at 24h and 48h after the eccentric exercise protocol. In the first experiment, the PT (-15.3%, p = 0.002), peak RTD (-13.1%. p = 0.03) and CI (- 29.3%. p = 0.01) decreased significantly to 24h and peak RVD not changed. After 48h, PT (-7.9%, p = 0.002) and CI (-29.2%, p = 0.003) were maintained less values but RTD recovered to baseline values. RTD normalized to PT (% CVM.s-1) measured at 30 ms (24h = 580.5%, p = 0.01 and 48h = 681.3%, p = 0.006) and 100 ms (48h = 623.3 %, p = 0.009) the onset of contraction was higher than the previous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pessoa, Bruna Varanda. "Cinética do consumo de oxigênio e da frequência cardíaca, índice BODE e a influência de dois programas de treinamento físico em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5141.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. The study I, entitled: Oxygen uptake and heart rate on-kinetics in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): comparison between cycle ergometry and elliptical equipment aimed to evaluate and compare the kinetics of both oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) in constant work-rate tests on a cycle ergometer (CCT) and on an elliptical machine (ECT) in COPD patients and healthy individuals. Eighteen male COPD patients between 55 and 78 years old with moderate to very severe obstruction (COPD group) and 18 apparently healthy males (control group: CG) were evaluated; the subjects were paired by age and submitted to the following tests on alternate days: 1) symptom-limited incremental cycle ergometer test (IT); 2) CCT and 3) ECT, both at 70% of the maximum intensity obtained in the IT. Expired gases were collected in all tests, and the kinetics of VO2 and HR were analyzed. The COPD group presented significantly higher tau (τ) and mean response time (MRT) for VO2 on the CCT than the CG (p<0.05); however, there was no significant difference on the ECT. Regarding the different tests, the COPD group had a significantly higher τ and MRT on the CCT than the ECT; on the other hand, no differences between the tests were observed in the CG. We conclude that VO2 kinetics are slowed in COPD; however, this depends on the ergometer used for testing. The faster kinetics found on the ECT for the COPD group may be related to the effects of the body position or to higher recruitment of muscle fibers, as well as to the greater ventilatory and chronotropic stress observed in this test. Following, the study II, entitled: BODE index, body composition, peripheral muscle strength and oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics on a cycle ergometer and on elliptical equipment in COPD patients: there is relationship between them? aimed to determine if there is a relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) on-kinetics in constant work-rate exercise test on cycle ergometer (CCT) and on elliptical equipment (ECT) with the BODE index and their isolated variables, muscle mass (MM), lean body mass index (LBMI) and with peripheral muscle strength (PMS) represented by one-repetition maximum strength test (1RM) in patients with COPD. Fourteen men patients with moderate to very severe COPD (COPD group), between 55 and 78 years, were submitted to the following tests on alternate days: 1) six-minute walking test (6MWT); 2) IT; 3) CCT and 4) ECT at 70% of the maximum intensity obtained in CPT; 5) 1RM test and 6) body composition evaluation. Expired gases were collected in CPT, CCT and ECT, and response of the VO2 and HR on-kinetics were analyzed. The BODE index was calculated. The BODE index was calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient (p<0.05) presented a moderate positive relationship between BODE index and τ and MRT of VO2 and HR (r=0.55 and r=0.63; r=0.66 and r = 0.74, respectively); and negative correlation between τVO2 and MRT-VO2 with FEV1 (r=-0.69; r=-0.68), DW- 6MWT (r=-0,.62; r=-0.65) and DW-6MWT %predict (r=-0.64; r=-0.70). Still, significant negative correlations were observed between the τ-HR and MRT-HR with DW-6MWT (r=- 0,.81; r=-0.82) and DW-6MWT %predict (r=-0.83; r=-0.65). Significant correlations between the TRM and τ of VO2 and of HR with MM, LBMI and PMS; and correlations with oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) on-kinetics in ECT were not observed. In general, our data show that patients with moderate to very severe COPD have slowed VO2 kinetics in the CCT compared the ECT. Furthermore, the VO2 and HR on-kinetics in CCT has a moderate correlation with the classification of COPD severity assessed by the BODE index, FEV1 and DW-6MWT, showing that COPD severity, airflow limitation and exercise capacity are reflected by the slowing of the on-kinetics in COPD patients, but it depends on the ergometer. Finally, the study III, entitled: Effect of aerobic/resisted and interval physical training on oxygen uptake and heart rate on-kinetics in patients with COPD: randomized, controlled trial evaluated and compared the effect of aerobic/resisted physical training (TFAR) and interval physical training program on elliptical equipment (TFI) of high intensity on VO2 and HR onkinetics during CCT and ECT in patients with COPD. Eighteen men patients with moderate to very severe COPD, between 55 and 80 years, randomly divided into two groups: nine of the patients had been engaged in TFAR group, and nine in TFI group, were submitted to the following tests on alternate days: 1) IT; 2) CCT, and 3) ECT both at 70% of the maximum intensity obtained in IT, and one repetition maximum test (1RM), being reevaluated after six weeks physical training. program. The TFAR group consisted of aerobic training by thirty minutes, and three sets of fifteen repetitions of resisted training in lower limbs on leg press. The TFI group realized training program on an elliptical equipment, by thirty minutes at 100% of the maximum intensity obtained in IT, separated by 1-min rest periods. The two training groups completed 6 week (3x/week) of exercise training, until completing a total of eighteen sessions. Expired gases were collected in in all tests, and response of the VO2 and HR on-kinetics were analyzed. No significant difference post-training in the TFAR group both tests (CCT and ECT) were observed; but, the TFI group displayed slower VO2 onkinetics (> τ and > MRT) in the CCT and ECT after training. In relation HR on-kinetics, no significant difference in both groups and both constant workload exercise tests post-training were observed. We conclude that the interval physical training program on elliptical equipament lead to slower VO2 kinetics the onset at high-intensity exercise (CCT and ECT) in patients with COPD. Furthermore, the TFAR program is no sufficient to provoke improvements in VO2 and HR on-kinetics in the CCT and ECT.
A tese constou de três estudos descritos a seguir. O estudo I, intitulado: Cinética-on do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e da frequência cardíaca (FC) de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC): comparação entre cicloergômetro e equipamento elíptico teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a cinética do VO2 e da FC em testes de carga constante em cicloergômetro (TCC) e em equipamento elíptico (TCE), em pacientes com DPOC e indivíduos saudáveis. Foram avaliados 18 homens com DPOC de obstrução moderada a muito grave (grupo DPOC) entre 55 e 78 anos e 18 homens aparentemente saudáveis (grupo controle: GC) pareados por idade, submetidos em dias alternados aos seguintes testes: 1) teste incremental em cicloergômetro (TI) limitado por sintomas; 2) TCC e 3) TCE ambos a 70% da intensidade máxima obtida no TI. Foram coletados os gases expirados em todos os testes, e a cinética do VO2 e da FC foram analisadas. O grupo DPOC apresentou a tau (τ) e o tempo de resposta média (TRM) do VO2 significativamente maiores no TCC em comparação ao GC (p<0,05), porém sem diferenças significativas para o TCE. Em relação aos diferentes testes, no grupo DPOC a τ e o TRM foram significativamente maiores no TCC em comparação ao TCE (p<0,05), em contraste, no GC, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os testes. Concluímos que a cinética do VO2 é lentificada na DPOC, entretanto, a mesma depende do ergômetro testado. A cinética mais rápida encontrada no TCE no grupo DPOC pode estar relacionada aos efeitos da posição corporal adotada ou ao maior recrutamento de fibras musculares, bem como ao maior estresse ventilatório e cronotrópico observado neste teste. Na sequência, o estudo II, intitulado: Índice BODE, composição corporal, força muscular periférica e cinética-on do consumo de oxigênio e da frequência cardíaca em cicloergômetro e em equipamento elíptico em pacientes com DPOC: há correlação entre eles? objetivou verificar se há correlação entre a cinética-on do VO2 e da FC no TCC e no TCE com o índice BODE e suas variáveis isoladas, massa muscular (MM), índice de massa magra corporal (IMMC) e com a força muscular periférica (FMP) representada pelo teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) em pacientes com DPOC. Foram avaliados 14 homens com DPOC de obstrução moderada a muito grave entre 55 e 78 anos, submetidos em dias alternados aos seguintes testes: 1) teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6); 2) TI; 3) TCC e 4) TCE ambos a 70% da intensidade máxima obtida no TI; 5) teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e 6) avaliação da composição corporal. Foram coletados os gases expirados no TI e TCC, e a cinética do VO2 e da FC foram analisadas. O índice BODE foi calculado. Observou-se correlação moderada entre a τ e o TRM do VO2 e da FC com o índice BODE no TCC (r=0,55 e r=0,63; r=0,66 e r = 0,74, respectivamente); e correlações negativas significativas entre a τ e o TRM do VO2 com o VEF1 (r=-0,69; r=-0,68), a distância percorrida no TC6 (DP-TC6) (r=-0,62; r=-0,65) e a DP-TC6 %prevista (r=-0,64; r=-0,70). Ainda a τ e o TRM da FC correlacionou-se com a DP-TC6 (r=-0,81; r=-0,82) e a DP-TC6 %prevista (r=-0,83; r=-0,65). Esse mesmo comportamento não foi observado para a cinética do VO2 e da FC no TCE. Não foram observadas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a τ e o TRM do VO2 e da FC com a MM, IMMC e FMP. Concluímos que a cinética-on do VO2 e da FC no TCC correlacionou-se com o índice BODE, VEF1 e DPTC6, mostrando que a gravidade da doença, limitação ao fluxo aéreo e a capacidade ao exercício são refletidas pela lentificação da cinética, entretanto a mesma depende do ergômetro utilizado. Finalmente, o estudo III, intitulado: Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio/resistido e intervalado na cinética-on do VO2 e da FC em pacientes com DPOC: estudo controlado, randomizado avaliou e comparou os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio/resitido (TFAR) e treinamento físico intervalado de alta intensidade em equipamento elíptico (TFI) na cinética-on do VO2 e da FC no TCC e no TCE em pacientes com DPOC. Dezoito homens com DPOC, foram randomizados para: grupo de TFAR (n=9) e grupo TFI (n=9), e submetidos ao: 1) TI; 2)TCC e 3)TCE ambos a 70% da intensidade máxima obtida no TI; e 4)teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM); reavaliados após seis semanas de treinamento físico. O grupo TFAR realizou 30 minutos de cicloergômetro, com intensidade entre 60-70% da carga máxima atingida no TI, sendo aumentados 10% após três semanas de treinamento; e três séries de 15 repetições em leg-press com intensidade de 40-60% da carga máxima tolerada no teste de 1RM, sendo aumentado 10% a cada duas semanas de treinamento, e adotou-se intervalo de dois minutos entre as séries. Já, o grupo TFI realizou 30 minutos de treinamento em equipamento elíptico com carga máxima atingida no TI e intervalos de um minuto. Ambos os programas foram realizados 3x/semana por seis semanas, completando 18 sessões. Foram coletados os gases expirados no TI, TCC e TCE, e a cinética do VO2 e da FC foram analisadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na cinética do VO2 após o treinamento físico no grupo TFAR, em ambos os testes. Entretanto, no grupo TFI, verificou-se lentificação da mesma no TCC e no TCE após o treinamento. Quanto à cinética-on da FC, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas nos dois grupos e testes, após os dois programas. Concluímos que a cinética-on do VO2 é lentificada nos pacientes com DPOC, quando realizam TCC e TCE após o programa de TFI de alta intensidade. Entretanto, o programa de TFAR não proporcionou benefícios na cinética-on do VO2 e da FC na DPOC, nos TCC e TCE.
Godrant, Aurélie. "The role of superoxide in iron acquisition by marine phytoplankton." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2061.
Full textIt is hypothesised that, under iron limitation, phytoplankton cells develop biochemical mechanisms to increase their iron uptake efficiency with one of these mechanisms involving the production of superoxide in the extracellular environment that increases the bioavailability of iron in seawater by reducing Fe(III) to the more soluble Fe(II). The main objectives of this work were 1) to develop an appropriate method to detect extracellular production of superoxide by marine phytoplankton, and 2) to examine the relationship between extracellular production of superoxide and iron acquisition by Trichodesmium erythraeum. A method to measure superoxyde production is described using red-CLA and MCLA probes, yielding considerable improvement for analysis compared to other available methods. Extracellular superoxide production and iron uptake rates were measured simultaneously on iron replete and iron deplete Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS 101 laboratory cultures : iron starvation leads to a 2. 9-fold increase in superoxide production rate and 10-fold decrease in the iron uptake rate (except when a reducing compound was added) compared to iron replete cultures. Extracellular superoxide production shows a pronounced circadian rythm in iron deplete cultures, but less so in iron replete cultures. Overall, no direct impact of extracellular superoxide production by Trichodesmium is observed, but both processes are shown to be related. Both iron deplete and iron replete cultures demonstrate greater ability to uptake iron bound to weaker iron-binding ligands such as citrate. Application of the method to field studies in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon showed an accumulation of biologically significant concentrations of reduced trace metals including Fe(II) when the concentration of superoxide was lower than 1 nM. When the concentration of superoxide was higher than 1 nM, most of the reduced species were oxidised resulting in high rates of hudrogen peroxide production rates, consistent with laboratory studies. Overall, this thesis permitted the development of a method to detect superoxide production rates by marine phytoplankton cells that could be used routinely in field studies. The observations are in accord with the conclusion that fit the ongoing hypothesis that the extablished Fe' uptake model for phytoplankton would be strongly influenced by such organisms that are able to modify the redox equilibrium of the solution at their cells surface
Surmacz-Górska, Joanna. "Utilization of oxygen uptake rate measurements for nitrification intensity assessment." Rozprawa doktorska, 1994. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2653.
Full textSurmacz-Górska, Joanna. "Utilization of oxygen uptake rate measurements for nitrification intensity assessment." Rozprawa doktorska, 1994. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2653.
Full textChang, Fu-Hua, and 張復華. "The Relationship Between Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate in Stair-climbing." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28071730868258150081.
Full text國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
93
Abstract Purpose : This study investigates the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses, as well as between speed and cardio-respiratory responses during stair-climbing activities. Methods : Thirty-three healthy male volunteers (18–49 yr) performed 3 major cardio-respiratory tests: (1) incremental maximal treadmill test, (2) resting position metabolic test, and (3) 6 speeds (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 step�沸in-1) of ascent and descent tests. VO2 was measured for all tests by using Douglas bag technique. HR was measured through whole process of tests. All cardio-respiratory data from stair-climbing was converted to percentage of either maxima or reserve values. Regression analyses were performed for VO2 vs. HR, VO2 vs. speed, HR vs. speed, %VO2max vs. %HRmax, and %VO2reserve (%VO2R) vs. %HRreserve (%HRR). Results : In ascent trial, the correlation coefficient (r) of VO2–HR and VO2–speed (0.745 and 0.978, respectively) were significantly higher than which in descent trial, even the correlations were significant. In ascent trial, the regression equations of relative intensity were: %VO2R = 0.711 × %HRR + 16.44 (r2 = 0.761, SEE = 6.28 %). In descent trial, the relative intensities were too low to meet ACSM’s lowest recommendation. Conclusion : In ascent trial, the regression of %VO2R–%HRR is not the line of identity (i.e., slope of 1 and intercept of 0). The faster the ascending speed, the more stress the cardiovascular on. It will underestimate the HR response, when using ACSM’s recommendation of 60–80 %VO2R for ascent program. It should be more considerable when prescribing ascent as exercise mode.
Lu, Li Chuen, and 盧俐君. "Activated Sludge Oxygen Uptake Rate Measurement for the Inhibitory Effect of Xenobiotics." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98776720115353665011.
Full text大葉大學
環境工程學系碩士班
99
The purpose of this study was to investigate inhibitory characteristics, if any, of the activated sludge that had treated a wastewater that may contain inhibitory substances. In this study we use the activated sludge that treated wastewater from an advanced technology factory. Since the compositions of the wastewater are unknown, we thus utilize 2, 4-D and 2, 4-DCP, which are both known to be inhibitory, as a control. Our experiments were to measure the oxygen-uptake-rate (OUR) of the aerobically growing activated sludge when the test objects were introduced into the growth process. We apply the standard OECD209-OUR-process approved by European Union to measure the levels of inhibition of the test samples. Our results indicate that the inhibition of the sample is not apparent of the object activated sludge after its treatment of the wastewater from the factory, but 2, 4-D and 2, 4-DCP represent remarkable inhibition contrastively. Therefore, the waste sludge from this advanced technology factory causes merely weak influence to the environment. The results can also play as a rigorous refernce on the reduction of the sludge and the treatment of wastes as resources.
hao, kao ying, and 高瑛豪. "The study in oxygen uptake and metabolic equivalent rate in new table tennis rules." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50302303090651362657.
Full text中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
94
The main purpose of the study is to investigate oxygen uptake and metabolic equivalent rate with new rules in table tennis. Sixteen male university athlete subjects participated with the train male by using the Bruce protocol to evaluate their maximum oxygen uptake capacity (Vo2max) in CCU physiology laboratory. After pretest, we divided Athletes in to A and B two groups, evaluated Athletes maximum oxygen uptake capacity during simulation on basic, technique, moving and serving practice by using wireless oxygen evaluation system (Cortex Metalyzer 3B). From results we demonstrated that 1. Table tennis Athletes Vo2max was 42.1±6.4 ml/kg/min±6.4, maximum value was 48.5 ml/kg/min, minimum value was 37.2 ml/kg/min. 2. When group A Athletes are proceeding technique practice their oxygen consumption rate was 29.8±7.2ml/kg/min, during simulation competition was 36.8±13.2ml/kg/min. There were no differences between heart rate and oxygen uptake during basic moving practice or main hand and backhand practice. But after the examination session has began, their heart rate and oxygen uptake raise swiftly. 3. Group B Athletes Vo2max during technique training was 33.5±7.5 ml/kg/min, simulating competition was 35.6±18.4ml/kg/min, no differences between heart rate and oxygen uptake during basic moving practice or main hand and backhand practice. The longer the competition and practice session, higher is their heart rate. Discussion, after comparism the oxygen uptake volume was lower than other sports. During serving, moving, practice and smash their oxygen uptake would increase, heart rate and oxygen uptake increases as long as their training session extended.
OU, YANG LIANG-WEI, and 歐陽良惟. "The Relationship between Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate Reserve during Running with Different Intensity." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30949467845542856891.
Full textGOTO, MASAFUMI. "ON-LINE ESTIMATION OF OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE FOR THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS (CONTROL, SIMULATION, TRANSFER)." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/15901.
Full textLiao, Wan-Chun, and 廖婉君. "Determination of Heterotrophic Biomass and Kinetic Coefficients in AO Activated Sludge Process Using Oxygen Uptake Rate." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07292684283899463614.
Full text朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
91
The main considerations of designing and operation of a sewage treatment plant are the mass balance of microorganism and the concentration of influent substrate. However, when concerning about biological nutrient removal, BNR, we must considering the mass balance of nitrogen and phosphorous, and microorganism which participated in reactions. Thus, when designing and operation the activated sludge process, the biomass of microorganism plays a vary important role. When trying to quantify the biomass and other contents of sewage, the data that was acquire from activated sludge experiments will show different characteristics due to the difference of selecting coefficients. This study using A/O (Anaerobic-Aerobic) process to discuss the removal efficiency under different SRT, and to estimate the ratio of biomass of Heterotrophic and autotrophic in activated sludge system by proceeding OUR batch experiments. Furthermore, we build related stoichiometric coefficient mathematic models, calibration of kinetics coefficient, and comparing the difference of coefficients acquire from OUR experiments in non-intermittent aeration close system and experiments in intermittent aeration batch system. Finally, using mathematic model to simulate the process and compare with experiment data. The study proceeding A/O process under HRT=10 hr, and SRT=5, 10, 15 days and operated under non-intermittent batch system and intermittent batch system. After calculation, we can get biomass of heterotrophic (XH), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (XAOB), and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (XNOB). In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of heterotrophic, the μH of anaerobic tank and aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 8.1 ~ 8.3 day-1, bH is 0.4 day-1. The μH of Aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 7.45 day-1, bH is 0.35 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of heterotrophic, which in anaerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is about 300 ~ 340 mgL-1, is equaled to 12.4 ~ 15.1 % of MLSS; Aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 320 ~ 420 mgL-1, is equaled to 13.9 ~ 16.0 % of MLSS. This phenomenon indicates that heterotrophic in aerobic tank is propagating. In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, μAOB of anaerobic tank and aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 1.50 ~ 1.65 day-1, bAOB is 0.07 ~ 0.08 day-1. TheμAOB of Aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 1.69 day-1, bAOB is 0.08 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, which in anaerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is about 30 ~ 45 mgL-1, is equaled to 1.48 ~ 1.63 % of MLSS; Aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 35 ~ 50 mgL-1, is equaled to 1.54 ~ 1.65 % of MLSS. This phenomenon indicates that ammonia oxidizing bacteria in aerobic tank is propagating. In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of nitrite oxidizing bacteria, the μNOB of anaerobic tank and aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 1.40 ~ 1.45 day-1, bNOB is 0.05 ~ 0.07 day-1. The μNOB of Aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 1.38 day-1, bNOB is 0.07 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of nitrite oxidizing bacteria which in anaerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is about 20 ~ 33 mgL-1, is equaled to 1.03 ~ 1.21 % of MLSS; Aerobic tank of non-intermittent batch system is 24 ~ 39 mgL-1, is equaled to 1.06 ~ 1.30 % of MLSS. This phenomenon indicates that nitrite oxidizing bacteria in aerobic tank is propagating. The result of this study can assist engineers to simulate by model and design system.
Liu, Chun-Chih, and 劉俊志. "Using oxygen uptake rate and fractal dimension to analyze bulking potential in A2/O activated sludge process." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37wuff.
Full text朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
94
In this study, the A2/O pilot plant was used to implement the experiment. The dissolved oxygen and pH were controlled between 2.0∼3.0 mg L-1 and in the range of 7.0∼8.0, respectively. The hydraulic retention time, sludge retention time and ratios of return sludge were controlled at 10 hour、15 days and 0.5, respectively. The objectives of this study were:(1) to investigate the removal efficiency of the A2/O pilot plant, (2) to observe the correlation between filamentous bacteria and different sludge volume index (SVI), and (3) to estimate heterotrophic/nitrifying species using oxygen uptake rate. Accroding to the results, the removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand, solution chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and orthoposphate for 91.9%, 85.3%, 95.4%, 73.7% and 42.0%, respectively. The yield of heterotrophic organisms, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria were 0.73 gCOD gCOD-1, 0.23 gCOD gCOD-1 and 0.21 gCOD gCOD-1, respectively. When a steady state was reached, the average values of SVI and heterotrophic organisms biomass were 123 ml g-1 and 236 ml g-1, respectively. When bulking, their values were 361 mg L-1 and 704 mg L-1, respectively. The biomass increased by 95.0%. When bulking, to microorganisms fractal dimension, average value was 1.33 and it increased when SVI increased.
Chu, Hsiao-Hsing, and 朱校興. "Determination of Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Biomass and Kinetic Coefficients in AO Activated Sludge Process Using Oxygen Uptake Rate." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q5jev3.
Full text朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
92
The biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge system is always used for wastewater treatment. Many types of microorganisms are involved in the BNR activated sludge system, such as heterotrophic organisms (XH), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (XAOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (XNOB). However, when concerning about nutrient removal, we must consider the mass balance of nitrogen and phosphorous and microorganism participated in reactions. This study uses A/O (Anaerobic-Aerobic) pilot plant to discuss the removal efficiency under different sludge retention time (SRT) and to estimate the fraction of biomass of heterotrophic and autotrophic in the A/O pilot plant by OUR batch experiments. The A/O pilot plant includes anaerobic tank (12L) and aerobic tank (28L). In addition, the total flow rate is maintained at 5 L hr-1. The A/O pilot plant is changing into different SRT (15,10,5 days). The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and ratio of recycling sludge are maintained at 8 hours and 0.5. The dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained above 2 ~ 3 mg L-1 in the aerobic tank. According to the results, the removal efficiency of the A/O pilot plant under SRT=15days is the best. The removal efficiency of TCOD, SCOD, SS and PO43- at 75%, 80%, 81% and 68% are achieved in A/O pilot plant under SRT=15 days. In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of heterotrophic, the μH of aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 4.26 ~ 4.74 day-1, the bH is 0.203 ~ 0.226 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of heterotrophic, the biomass in aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 452 ~ 636 mg L-1; it is equaled to 30 ~ 21% of VSS. In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the μAOB of aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 0.695 ~ 0.881 day-1; the bAOB is 0.033 ~ 0.042 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the biomass in aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is about 9.53 ~ 25.5 mg L-1; it is equaled to 0.64 ~ 0.85% of VSS. In the aspect of kinetics coefficient of nitrite oxidizing bacteria, the μNOB of aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is 0.786 ~ 1.097 day-1; the bNOB is 0.037 ~ 0.052 day-1. In the aspect of biomass of nitrite oxidizing bacteria, the biomass in aerobic tank of intermittent batch system is about 9.22 ~ 27 mg L-1, it is equaled to 0.61 ~ 0.9% of VSS. The result of this study can assist engineers to simulate by model and design system.
Huang, Yu-Ting, and 黃玉婷. "Using oxygen uptake rate to analyze bulking potential in A2/O activated sludge process under SRT variation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33253544716871016028.
Full text朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
95
In this study, the A2/O pilot plant was used to implement the experiment. The dissolved oxygen and pH were controlled between 2.0∼3.0 mg L-1 and in the range of 7.0∼8.0, respectively. The hydraulic retention time and ratios of return sludge were controlled at 10 hour and 0.5, respectively; mix liquor suspended. Solids approximatel about 2400 ~ 3900 mg L-1; anaerobic and aerobic volume ratio 2:6; Sludge retention time (SRT) variation of 20 and 10 days. The objectives of this study were:(1) investigate the removal efficiency of the A2/O pilot plant; (2) estimate heterotrophic/nitrifying species using oxygen uptake rate. The results of this study are as follows: the SRT increas 20 days, TCOD、SCOD、NH4+-N、TN of removal efficiency increased with 13.5、16.4、32.3 and 10.3 %, respectively, In comparison with PO4-3 decreased with 23.9%. SRT of sludge bulking was 20 and 10 days, heterotrophic biomass increased with 11.12 and 7.53 %, respectively, XAOB decreased with 50.27 and 53.32%, respectively, XNOB with decreased with 32.86 and 23.83%, respectively, with biomass under SRT variation of microorganism species. SRT from10 day to 20 day, XAOB and XNOB were increas 47.14 and 47.97% in steady state, increased with 28.63 and 15.10 % in bulking, and then in steady state and bulking condition XH only increase 11.46 and 14.89 %。
Syu, Li-Huei, and 徐麗蕙. "Assessment of Inhibition Effect on Activated Sludge in a Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Plant by Measuring Oxygen Uptake Rate." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74338953953929872064.
Full text嘉南藥理大學
環境工程與科學系
104
The pharmaceutical industry, especially drug manufacturer, would produce high concentrations, large variety of organic wastewaterduring research and development and manufacturing processes. Biological treatment processes are normally employed as a core technology to treat the pharmaceutical wastewater, which could face problems of toxic, non-biodegradable chemicals containing in wastewater that may affect the performance and stability of the biological treatment process, thereby deteriorating the effluent water quality. In order to achieve stable operation of the biological treatment process, it is necessary to investigate the inhibition effect of the variable wastes on microbial activity of the process for suggesting an optimum control strategyfor influent loading. Based on the activated sludge respiration inhibition test proposed by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), this study employed a respirometer to determine 50 % effective concentration (EC50) of activated sludge affected by various streams of pharmaceutical wastewater to investigate the toxic impact of high strength influent on biological treatment process. The testing activated sludge and 64 streams of pharmaceutical wastewater were generated and obtained from a pharmaceutical company in southern Taiwan. For the 64 streams, 28 streams of the wastes exhibitedEC50<25% whichwould be classified as theFirst Class - acute toxicity waste; 9 streams of the wastesshowed EC50 ranging from 26% to 50%, being classified as the 2nd Class – medium toxicity waste; 2 streams of the wastes displayed EC50 between 51% and 75% attributing to the3rdClass; only one stream of wastes exhibited EC50 between 76% and 100%, which is classified as a fourth Class –slight toxicity; 4 streams of the wastes showed EC50> 100%, being classified as the 5thClass - theoretical non-toxicity; and 20 streams of the waste showed no inhibition of activated sludge, which is classified as the 6th Class - non-toxicity. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of the 64 stream wastes werein the range of 1,100 to13,000,000 mg / L, however, there is no significant correlation between COD and EC50, indicating that the inhibitory effect of activated sludge is not simply caused by high concentration of COD. Toxic characteristics of chemicals contained in the wastewater also play a significant role on inhibitory effect of activated sludge bacteria. The above analysis results suggest that the 5thand 6th Class of the waste streams had no toxic effect on biological wastewater treatment processand could nothing to worry about, which in turn can be directly treated by a biological process. For the 2nd~4th Class streams, because of low to medium toxicity, they should be diluted in the equalized tank before entering to a biological process for treatment. For the 1st Class streams, they are not recommended to be treated by the biological process to avoid causing serious impact on microbial activity of the treatment process. The study also monitored EC50 of activated sludge affected by wastewater in equalization tank and bytreated effluent in order to establish the operational emergency procedures of a wastewater treatment plant.
Tiessen, Dale A. "The effect of cadence on the rate of neuromuscular fatigue and the slow component of oxygen uptake in cyclists during heavy exercise." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9274.
Full textGajdošík, Jan. "Funkční odpověď organismu na standardizovaný výkon u sportovních lezců." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447176.
Full textPaulino, Abílio Filipe Saraiva. "Estabilização de resíduos ricos em matéria orgânica: avaliação e tratamento." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40202.
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