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1

Skinner, Stephen J., and John A. Kilner. "Oxygen ion conductors." Materials Today 6, no. 3 (March 2003): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00332-8.

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2

Zhu, Bin. "Advanced Hybrid Ion Conducting Ceramic Composites and Applications in New Fuel Cell Generation." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.413.

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Our developments on ceramic composite conductors have experienced about 15 years from the oxyacid-salts oxide proton-based conductors, non-oxide containment salts, the ceria-based composite electrolytes, hybrid proton and oxygen ion conductors and nano-composites. A special emphasis is paid to new functional nano-composites based on hybrid proton and oxygen ion conductors that have demonstrated advanced properties and fuel cell applications, e.g., excellent ionic conductivity of 0.01 to 1 Scm-1 and performances of 200 - 1000 mWcm-2 for temperatures achieved for fuel cells between 400 and 700°C. Some proton and oxygen ion conducting mechanisms in the materials are reviewed and discussed. The hybrid ion conduction and dual electrode reactions and processes create a new generation fuel cell system.
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3

Hull, S. "Neutron diffraction studies of oxygen ion conductors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 58, s1 (August 6, 2002): c30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767302086300.

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4

Suemoto, T., and M. Ishigame. "Quasielastic light scattering in oxygen-ion conductors." Physical Review B 33, no. 4 (February 15, 1986): 2757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.2757.

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5

Steele, B. C. H. "Oxygen ion conductors and their technological applications." Materials Science and Engineering: B 13, no. 2 (March 1992): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(92)90146-z.

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6

TERANISHI, Takashi. "Broadband spectroscopy of dielectrics and oxygen-ion conductors." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 125, no. 7 (2017): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.17083.

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7

Winkless, Laurie. "Neutrons lead the search for oxygen ion conductors." Materials Today 18, no. 9 (November 2015): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.09.003.

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8

Marques, F. M. B., and V. V. Kharton. "Development of oxygen ion conductors: One relevant tendency." Ionics 11, no. 5-6 (September 2005): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02430241.

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9

Muñoz, R. A., Paola Cristina Cajas, J. E. Rodriguez, A. C. Rodrigues, and Cosme R. M. Silva. "Polycrystalline Tetragonal Zirconia of the Form ZrO2: 3 mol% Re2O3 (Re-TZP) for Use in Oxygen Sensors: Synthesis, Characterization and Ionic Conductivity." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.145.

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Oxygen ion conductors of zirconia based ceramics are a class of materials with technological applications in several application areas: sensors of chemical species, oxygen pumps, solid oxide fuel cells among others [1]. For these applications, the zirconia must possess the fluorite type crystal structure, or close to it. Such oxides with this structure are the classic oxygen ion conductors [2]. The fluorite structure consists of a cubic lattice of oxygen ions surrounded by cations. The cations are arranged in a face centered cubic structure with anions occupying tetrahedral positions. This leads to an open structure with large empty octahedral interstices.
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10

Norby, Truls. "Fast oxygen ion conductors—from doped to ordered systems." Journal of Materials Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2001): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b003463k.

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11

Mikhaylovskaya, Z. A., E. S. Buyanova, and S. A. Petrova. "Bismuth Molybdate-based Oxygen Ion Conductors: Synthesis and Properties." KnE Materials Science 4, no. 2 (October 14, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v4i2.3032.

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12

Huang, Keqin. "Oxygen Permeation Through Composite Oxide-Ion and Electronic Conductors." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2, no. 8 (1999): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1390842.

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13

Tarasova, N., and I. Animitsa. "Fluorine-doped oxygen-ion conductors based on perovskite Ba4In2Zr2O11." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 216 (December 2018): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.10.013.

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14

Fang, Hong, Shuo Wang, Junyi Liu, Qiang Sun, and Puru Jena. "Superhalogen-based lithium superionic conductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 26 (2017): 13373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01648d.

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Molecular dynamics simulations show Li-ion diffusion in the newly invented antiperovskite Li3OBH4. The blue trajectories show how the Li+ ions run through the lattice of vibrational oxygen (red). The white trajectories show the fast rotational motion of the BH4 superhalogen ions.
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15

Yang, Jie, Yajun Wang, Biao Yang, Changan Tian, Yang Liu, and Lei Yang. "Research progress of La2Mo2O9-based oxide-ion conductor electrolyte materials." Nanomaterials and Energy 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.21.00010.

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Recently, solid oxide-ion conductors have been received considerable attention owing to their potential applications in solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen sensor, etc. An innovative solid oxide-ion conductor, Lanthanum-molybdenum oxide (La2Mo2O9), presents a reversible phase transformation around 580°C from a low-temperature form ɑ-La2Mo2O9 to a high-temperature form β-La2Mo2O9, leading to varying the ionic conductivity. This paper reviews the research progress of La2Mo2O9 and its doping systems, the structure and phase transition of the material, the conductivity of oxide-ion, ionic conductivity, and chemical stability of the material in reducing atmosphere and high temperature are discussed. The research progress of La2Mo2O9 electrolyte was reviewed from four aspects: structure, conduction mechanism, preparation method, conductivity and future prospect.
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16

ASANO, Makoto, Jun KUWANO, and Masayoshi KATO. "Ambient Temperature Solid-State Oxygen Sensor Using Fast Ion Conductors." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 97, no. 1130 (1989): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.97.1256.

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17

Diercks, David, Federico Baiutti, Francesco Chiabrera, Alex Morata, and Albert Tarancon. "Nanoscale tracking of oxygen diffusion pathways in oxide ion conductors." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (July 30, 2021): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621001252.

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18

Purohit, Ram Dayal, Anthony Chesnaud, Abdessadek Lachgar, Olivier Joubert, Maria Teresa Caldes, Yves Piffard, and Luc Brohan. "Development of New Oxygen Ion Conductors Based on Nd4GeO8and Nd3GaO6." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 17 (August 2005): 4479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm050537h.

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19

Voronkova, V. I., E. P. Kharitonova, E. I. Orlova, and D. A. Belov. "Extending the family of oxygen ion conductors isostructural with La2Mo2O9." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 196 (December 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.07.049.

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20

MARQUES, F., V. KHARTON, E. NAUMOVICH, A. SHAULA, A. KOVALEVSKY, and A. YAREMCHENKO. "Oxygen ion conductors for fuel cells and membranes: selected developments." Solid State Ionics 177, no. 19-25 (October 15, 2006): 1697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.036.

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21

Hung, I.-Ming, Yu-Ting Chiou, Yi-Hung Wang, and Tai-Nan Lin. "Synthesis and Characterization of Bi0.85−xCa0.15ZrxO1.5−δ Oxygen Ion Conductors." Journal of Electronic Materials 47, no. 10 (June 30, 2018): 5833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6459-3.

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22

Meyer, René, Xin Guo, and Rainer Waser. "Nonlinear Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Oxygen Ion Conductors." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 8, no. 10 (2005): E67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2008940.

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23

Islam, M. Saiful, Sylvie Lazure, Rose-noëlle Vannier, Guy Nowogrocki, and Gaëtan Mairesse. "Structural and computational studies of Bi2WO6 based oxygen ion conductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry 8, no. 3 (1998): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a707221j.

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24

Lee, Wonyoung, Hee Joon Jung, Min Hwan Lee, Young-Beom Kim, Joong Sun Park, Robert Sinclair, and Fritz B. Prinz. "Oxygen Surface Exchange at Grain Boundaries of Oxide Ion Conductors." Advanced Functional Materials 22, no. 5 (December 20, 2011): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201101996.

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25

Troncoso, Loreto, Carlos Mariño, Mauricio D. Arce, and José Antonio Alonso. "Dual Oxygen Defects in Layered La1.2Sr0.8−xBaxInO4+δ (x = 0.2, 0.3) Oxide-Ion Conductors: A Neutron Diffraction Study." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101624.

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The title compounds exhibit a K2NiF4-type layered perovskite structure; they are based on the La1.2Sr0.8InO4+δ oxide, which was found to exhibit excellent features as fast oxide-ion conductor via an interstitial oxygen mechanism. These new Ba-containing materials were designed to present a more open framework to enhance oxygen conduction. The citrate-nitrate soft-chemistry technique was used to synthesize such structural perovskite-type materials, followed by annealing in air at moderate temperatures (1150 °C). The subtleties of their crystal structures were investigated from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data. They crystallize in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. Interstitial O3 oxygen atoms were identified by difference Fourier maps in the NaCl layer of the K2NiF4 structure. At variance with the parent compound, conspicuous oxygen vacancies were found at the O2-type oxygen atoms for x = 0.2, corresponding to the axial positions of the InO6 octahedra. The short O2–O3 distances and the absence of steric impediments suggest a dual oxygen-interstitial mechanism for oxide-ion conduction in these materials. Conductivity measurements show that the activation energy values are comparable to those typical of ionic conductors working by simple vacancy mechanisms (~1 eV). The increment of the total conductivity for x = 0.2 can be due to the mixed mechanism driving both oxygen vacancies and interstitials, which is original for these potential electrolytes for solid-oxide fuel cells.
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26

Frechero, M. A., O. J. Durá, M. R. Díaz-Guillén, K. J. Moreno, J. A. Díaz-Guillén, J. García-Barriocanal, A. Rivera-Calzada, A. F. Fuentes, and C. León. "Oxygen ion dynamics in pyrochlore-type ionic conductors: Effects of structure and ion–ion cooperativity." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 407 (January 2015): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.046.

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27

Li, Dan, Bo Wang, Pei Gong, Jie Li, and Xiang Hu Li. "Dielectric Relaxation Measurements in La1.94Ba0.06Mo2-yWyO9-δ (y=0, 1.0) Oxide-Ion Conductors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 662 (October 2014): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.662.20.

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The influence of barium doping on the oxygen-ion diffusion and phase transition in the La2Mo2-yWyO9-δ (y=0, 1.0) oxide-ion conductors has been systematically investigated via dielectric techniques. In the Ba-doped La2Mo2O9 samples there are only two dielectric relaxation peaks Pd1 and Pd2, which are associated with the short-distance diffusion of oxygen vacancies. But in the Ba-doped La2MoWO9 members, three peaks are detected, including peak Pd1, Pd2, and peak Ph. The last is associated with the phase transition process from the static disordered state to the dynamic disordered state of oxygen ion/vacancy distribution.
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28

Shi, Yanuo, Iñigo Garbayo, Paul Muralt, and Jennifer Lilia Marguerite Rupp. "Micro-solid state energy conversion membranes: influence of doping and strain on oxygen ion transport and near order for electrolytes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 8 (2017): 3900–3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09035d.

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Electro-chemo-mechanics interactions in oxygen ion conductors are probed for variations of strain and extrinsic doping concentrations in free-standing micro-energy conversion membranes based on ceria solid solutions.
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29

Wang, X. P., J. Hu, Zhong Zhuang, Tao Zhang, and Qian Feng Fang. "Internal Friction Study of the Rare Earth Ion Substituted Fast Oxide-Ion Conductors (La1-ΧreΧ)2Mo2O9 (Re=Nd, Gd)." Solid State Phenomena 184 (January 2012): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.184.110.

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The relaxation and phase transition behaviors of rare-earth ion substituted fast oxide-ion conductors (La1-xRex)2Mo2O9 (Re=Nd, Gd) were investigated by internal friction (IF) measurement in the temperature range 300 K - 950 K. Three different IF peaks (labeled as PL, PH, and PG, respectively) were observed in the rare-earth ion doped La2Mo2O9 samples. Peak PL corresponds to short diffusion processes of oxygen ions among different oxygen vacancy sites. Peak PH is associated with the static/dynamic disorder transition in oxygen ion distribution. Peak PG is a newly discovered peak embodying phase transition-like characteristics and is suggested to be related to order-disorder transition associated with the rearrangement of La/ Re sub-lattice.
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30

Teranishi, Takashi, Nami Matsubara, Hidetaka Hayashi, and Akira Kishimoto. "Relationship between Phonon Parameters and Oxygen Ion Conductivity for Al-Yb Co-Doped Zirconia." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.107.

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The relationship between the optical phonon parameters and the oxygen ion conductivities were investigated for AlYb co-doped zirconia ceramics. Intrinsic intragrain ion conductivity, σdc, decreased with increasing Al loading into ytterbia-stabilized zirconia, while the damping parameter of the lattice vibration, γ1TO, increased. This phenomenon agreed with findings of our previous study, which revealed a relationship between the σdc and the γ1TO for zirconia-based ion conductors.
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31

Fang, Q. F., X. P. Wang, Z. S. Li, G. G. Zhang, and Z. G. Yi. "Relaxation peaks associated with the oxygen-ion diffusion in La2−xBixMo2O9 oxide-ion conductors." Materials Science and Engineering: A 370, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.02.004.

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32

Hein, Philipp, Benjamin O. H. Grope, Julius Koettgen, Steffen Grieshammer, and Manfred Martin. "Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of ionic conductivity in oxygen ion conductors." Materials Chemistry and Physics 257 (January 2021): 123767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123767.

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33

KILO, M. "Modeling of cation diffusion in oxygen ion conductors using molecular dynamics." Solid State Ionics 175, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.09.059.

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34

Liu, Xiao, Huiqing Fan, and Jing Shi. "Oxygen concentration-related impedance spectroscopic studies of La2Mo2O9 oxide ion conductors." Ionics 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1160-x.

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35

Kabanova, Natalya A., Yelizaveta A. Morkhova, Alexander V. Antonyuk, and Eugeny I. Frolov. "Prospective oxygen-ion conductors Ln X O : Geometry and energy calculations." Solid State Ionics 391 (March 2023): 116142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2022.116142.

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36

Anurova, Nataly A., and Vladislav A. Blatov. "Analysis of ion-migration paths in inorganic frameworks by means of tilings and Voronoi–Dirichlet partition: a comparison." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 65, no. 4 (June 13, 2009): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768109019880.

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Two methods using Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra (Voronoi–Dirichlet partition) or tiles (tiling) based on partitioning space are compared to investigate cavities and channels in crystal structures. The tiling method was applied for the first time to study ion conductivity in 105 ternary, lithium–oxygen-containing compounds, Li a X b O z , that were recently recognized as fast-ion conductors with the Voronoi–Dirichlet partition method. The two methods were found to be similar in predicting the occurrence of ionic conductivity, however, their conclusions on the dimensionality of conductivity were different in two cases. It is shown that such a contradiction can indicate a high anisotropy of conductivity. Both advantages and restrictions of the methods are discussed with respect to fast-ion conductors and zeolites.
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37

Díaz-Guillén, M. R., Karla J. Moreno, J. A. Díaz-Guillén, A. F. Fuentes, J. Garcia-Barriocanal, J. Santamaría, and C. Leon. "Dynamics of Mobile Oxygen Ions in Disordered Pyrochlore-Type Oxide-Ion Conductors." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.347.

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We investigate the effect of cation size in the dc activation energy needed for oxygen ion conductivity, Edc, in highly disordered pyrochlore-type ionic conductors A2B2O7. Twenty compositions of general formula Ln2Zr2-yTiyO7 (Ln = Y, Dy and Gd) and Gd2-yLayZr2O7, were prepared by mechanical milling and their electrical properties measured by using impedance spectroscopy at different temperatures. We also evaluate, by using Ngai’s Coupling Model, the effect of cation radii RA and RB, on the microscopic potential-energy barrier, Ea, that oxygen ions encounter when jumping into neighboring vacant sites. We find that for a fixed B-site cation radius RB, both activation energies decrease with increasing A-site cation size, RA, as a consequence of the increment in the unit cell volume. In contrast, and for a given RA size, the dc activation energy Edc of the Ln2Zr2-yTiyO7 series increases when the average RB size increases. The latter behavior is explained in terms of the enhanced interactions among mobile oxygen ions as the structural disorder increases when RB approaches RA.
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38

Paul, T., and A. Ghosh. "Correlation of structure and ion conduction in La2−xYxMo2O9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) oxygen ion conductors." Journal of Applied Physics 117, no. 23 (June 21, 2015): 235101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4922786.

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39

Jeong, Incheol, Seung Jin Jeong, Byung-Hyun Yun, Jong-Won Lee, Chan-Woo Lee, WooChul Jung, and Kang Taek Lee. "Enhancement of Stability of Bi2O3-Based Ionic Conductor Via Microstructural Tuning." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 38 (July 7, 2022): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381681mtgabs.

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Oxygen-ion conductors with superior performance have been sought in the fields of energy conversion and storage.[1] Bi2O3-based ionic conductors which exhibit the highest known oxygen-ion conductivity have got attention for the next-generation solid electrolytes.[2] However, at intermediate temperatures below ~ 600 °C, their conductivity degrades rapidly owing to the cubic-to-rhombohedral phase transformation. Here, we demonstrate that grain boundary engineering can preserve the superior ionic conductivity of stabilized Bi2O3. To investigate the microstructural effect on stability, epitaxial and nano-polycrystalline model films of Er0.25Bi0.75O1.5 were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Interestingly, the grain boundary-free epitaxial film significantly improved the stability of the cubic phase while severe degradation is observed in conductivity of its polycrystalline counterpart. First-principles calculations revealed that thermodynamic stability of the cubic phase with respect to the rhombohedral counterpart is reduced near grain boundaries. These findings suggest novel aspects into the development of highly durable superionic conductors via physical manipulation of microstructure. References [1] E. D. Wachsman, K. T. Lee, Science 2011, 334, 935. [2] B.-H. Yun, K. J. Kim, D. W. Joh, M. S. Chae, J. J. Lee, D.-w. Kim, S. Kang, D. Choi, S.-T. Hong, K. T. Lee, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2019, 7, 20558.
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40

Shlyakhtina, A. V., D. A. Belov, S. Yu Steafanovich, E. A. Nesterova, O. K. Karyagina, and L. G. Shcherbakova. "Optimization of synthesis conditions for rare-earth titanate based oxygen ion conductors." Solid State Ionics 230 (January 2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2012.10.014.

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41

KOBAYASHI, Kiyoshi, and Yoshio SAKKA. "Research progress in nondoped lanthanoid silicate oxyapatites as new oxygen-ion conductors." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 122, no. 1431 (2014): 921–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.122.921.

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42

Anirban, Sk, and Abhigyan Dutta. "Microstructural interpretation of conductivity and dielectric response of Ce0.9Eu0.1O1.95 oxygen ion conductors." Ionics 23, no. 10 (March 22, 2017): 2579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-017-2066-1.

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43

Voronkova, V. I., E. P. Kharitonova, E. I. Orlova, and D. A. Belov. "ChemInform Abstract: Extending the Family of Oxygen Ion Conductors Isostructural with La2Mo3O9." ChemInform 44, no. 4 (January 22, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201304009.

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44

Bu, Jun Fu, Pär G. Jönsson, and Zhe Zhao. "Preparation of Protonic Conductor BaZr0.5Ce0.3Ln0.2O3-δ (Ln=Y, Sm, Gd, Dy) by Using a Solid State Reactive Sintering Method." Advances in Science and Technology 87 (October 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.87.1.

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Protonic conductors of BaZr0.5Ce0.3Ln0.2O3-δ (BZCLn532, Ln=Y, Sm, Gd, Dy) were successfully synthesized by using a cost-effective solid state reactive sintering (SSRS) method with 1 wt.% NiO was added as a sintering aid. The pellets of the BZCLn532 were obtained at sintering temperatures between 1300 - 1600 °C. The results show that the morphologies and the final relative densities of the obtained BZCLn532 pellets are influenced significantly when different sintering temperatures were applied. Densified pellets of the BZCLn532 can be prepared at sintering temperatures of 1600 °C (BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-δ) and 1400 °C (BaZr0.5Ce0.3Sm0.2O3-δ, BaZr0.5Ce0.3Gd0.2O3-δ and BaZr0.5Ce0.3Dy0.2O3-δ,). The conductivity results show that the BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY532) and BaZr0.5Ce0.3Dy0.2O3-δ (BZCD532) ceramics are demonstrated to be good candidates of oxygen ion conductor and proton conductor materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) applications.
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45

Landa-Cánovas, Á. R., Eladio Vila, Jorge Hernández-Velasco, Jean Galy, and Alicia Castro. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Low Mo-content Bi-Mo-O Phases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013013.

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δ-Bi2O3, a material with a fluorite-type structure, is one of the best solid-state oxygen-ion conductors. It is a high-temperature form that cannot be quenched to room temperature. However, doping with small amounts of transition metal oxides preserves the δ-Bi2O3 structure at low temperature and retains its anionic conduction properties. The Bi2O3–MoO3 materials are interesting because of their functional properties, chiefly as catalysts and as good ionic conductors. All the phases in this system are related to the fluorite structure except Bi2MoO6 which shows an Aurivillius-type structure.
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46

Zhang, Fangfang, Minchen Yang, Siyi Zhang, and Pengfei Fang. "Protic Imidazolium Polymer as Ion Conductor for Improved Oxygen Evolution Performance." Polymers 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081268.

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Improving the electrocatalytic performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for oxygen-involved electrochemical devices, including water splitting and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In this work, we report that the OER performance of commercial catalysts of IrO2, Co3O4, and Pt-C can be improved by replacing the traditional Nafion® ionomer with newly synthesized copolymers consisting of protonated imidazolium moieties such as ion conductors and binders in electrodes. Specifically, such an improvement in OER performance for all the tested catalysts is more significant in basic and neutral environments than that under acidic conditions. We anticipate that the results will provide new ideas for the conceptual design of electrodes for oxygen-involved electrochemical devices.
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Acharya, Susant Kumar, Janghyun Jo, Nallagatlla Venkata Raveendra, Umasankar Dash, Miyoung Kim, Hionsuck Baik, Sangik Lee, et al. "Brownmillerite thin films as fast ion conductors for ultimate-performance resistance switching memory." Nanoscale 9, no. 29 (2017): 10502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr04011c.

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IDEMOTO, Yasushi, Tomomasa SUGIYAMA, Naoto KITAMURA, and Takanori ITOH. "Crystal Structure, Oxygen Nonstoichiometry and Conduction Path of LaGaO3-Based Oxide-Ion Conductors." Electrochemistry 77, no. 2 (2009): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.77.152.

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Guo, Xin, Shaobo Mi, and Rainer Waser. "Nonlinear Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Oxygen Ion Conductors: Acceptor-Doped Ceria." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 8, no. 1 (2005): J1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1830393.

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Nowick, A. "Exploring the low-temperature electrical relaxation of crystalline oxygen-ion and protonic conductors." Solid State Ionics 136-137, no. 1-2 (November 2, 2000): 1307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(00)00603-2.

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