Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oxygen Electrochemistry

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Oxygen Electrochemistry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Oxygen Electrochemistry"

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HORITA, Kiyoshi, Yukio NAGAOSA, and Kenichi NAKATSU. "Oxygen Electrode by Using Oxygen Plasma-Treated Acetylene Black." Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 60, no. 6 (June 5, 1992): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.60.547.

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Doyle, Andrew D., Joseph H. Montoya, and Aleksandra Vojvodic. "Improving Oxygen Electrochemistry through Nanoscopic Confinement." ChemCatChem 7, no. 5 (January 30, 2015): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402864.

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Doyle, Andrew D., Joseph H. Montoya, and Aleksandra Vojvodic. "Improving Oxygen Electrochemistry through Nanoscopic Confinement." ChemCatChem 7, no. 5 (February 27, 2015): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500103.

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Zhou, Daojin, Yin Jia, Hongbin Yang, Wenwen Xu, Kai Sun, Junming Zhang, Shiyuan Wang, Yun Kuang, Bin Liu, and Xiaoming Sun. "Boosting oxygen reaction activity by coupling sulfides for high-performance rechargeable metal–air battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 42 (2018): 21162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08862d.

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Tang, Cheng, and Qiang Zhang. "Can metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts satisfy oxygen electrochemistry?" Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 14 (2016): 4998–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta01062h.

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The investigation of working active sites, insights into the durability, mechanism and bifunctional nature of metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts render this family of materials promising candidates for oxygen electrochemistry.
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Gracia, J. "Spin dependent interactions catalyse the oxygen electrochemistry." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 31 (2017): 20451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04289b.

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The technological interest of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, ORR and OER, for the clean use and storage of energy has resulted in the discovery of multiple catalysts; and the physical and catalytic properties of the most active compositions are only comprehensible with the consideration of magnetic interactions.
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Sharon, Daniel, Daniel Hirshberg, Michal Afri, Arnd Garsuch, Aryeh A. Frimer, and Doron Aurbach. "LithiumOxygen Electrochemistry in Non-Aqueous Solutions." Israel Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 5 (February 6, 2015): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201400135.

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Tan, Shu Min, Chun Kiang Chua, David Sedmidubský, Zdenĕk Sofer, and Martin Pumera. "Electrochemistry of layered GaSe and GeS: applications to ORR, OER and HER." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 3 (2016): 1699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06682d.

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The study of the inherent electrochemistry of layered metal chalcogenides, GaSe and GeS, was performed. In particular, their impact towards the electrochemical sensing of redox probes as well as catalysis of oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions was examined.
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Li, Fei, Li-Jun Zheng, Xiao-Xue Wang, Ma-Lin Li, Ji-Jing Xu, and Yu Wang. "Driving Oxygen Electrochemistry in Lithium–Oxygen Battery by Local Surface Plasmon Resonance." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 22 (May 31, 2021): 26123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c06540.

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Nemanick, E. Joseph. "Electrochemistry of lithium–oxygen batteries using microelectrode voltammetry." Journal of Power Sources 247 (February 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.043.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oxygen Electrochemistry"

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Bardini, Luca <1985&gt. "Oxygen: problems and solutions in electrochemistry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5618/1/tesiDoc.pdf.

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Different aspects of the electrochemistry of oxygen are examined through four experimental examples: corrosion, passivation via organic thin films, oxygen reduction and water oxidation catalysis are outlined in order to outline the very different ways and circumstances in which oxygen plays a major role in electrochemistry.
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Bardini, Luca <1985&gt. "Oxygen: problems and solutions in electrochemistry." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5618/.

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Different aspects of the electrochemistry of oxygen are examined through four experimental examples: corrosion, passivation via organic thin films, oxygen reduction and water oxidation catalysis are outlined in order to outline the very different ways and circumstances in which oxygen plays a major role in electrochemistry.
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Sönmez, Turgut. "Studies of oxygen electrochemistry on spinel oxides." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415516/.

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Electrochemical studies of the spinels, Co3O4 and NiCo2O4, in alkaline media were conducted and show that the products and the oxygen reduction mechanisms vary. The 4e- reduction strongly predominates at NiCo2O4, a substantial amount of the 2e- reduction product (H2O2), 43%, is formed at the cobalt spinel. NiCo2O4 is a significantly better catalyst than Co3O4 in terms of both the overpotential for reduction and its limiting current density. The differences come from the enhanced rate of O – O bond cleavage early in the reduction sequence at the mixed spinel. Based on the full physical, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of a wide range of Mn content (MnxCo3-xO4, 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) in spinel cobalt oxide, the phase transition (from cubic to tetragonal), particle size, surface area, crystallinity and electrochemical activities towards the ORR can be tuned with Mn content in spinel cobalt oxide. The Mn ions are in oxidation state +3 and they have tendency to occupy tetrahedral sites rather than octahedral sites in the spinels. In terms of the highest limiting current and lowest onset potential for oxygen reduction, cubic phase MnCo2O4 (x = 1.0) possesses the highest catalytic activity amongst Mn doped spinels and follows the 4e- reduction mechanism with early cleavage of the O – O bond. Three different synthesis methods for MnCo2O4 (co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and hydrothermal method) and the influence of conditions within hydrothermal method were investigated. The preparation conditions and methods were found to affect the morphology, phase, crystallinity, and ORR activity of the catalyst. Co-precipitation produced the catalyst with the highest surface area, smallest particle size, highest crystallinity and the highest ORR activity.
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Bikkarolla, Santosh Kumar. "Oxygen electrochemistry on inorganic/graphene hybrid materials for energy applications." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673823.

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Developing low cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that perform with high efficiency is desirable for the commercial success of energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this thesis, electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and Mn304 nanoflakes anchored on nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) sheets synthesised by electrodeposition method were developed as ORR catalysts. CUC0204 nanoparticles were integrated with NrGO sheets through solvothermal method as a potential OER catalyst. A partially reduced graphene oxide electrocatalyst synthesised by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the ORR in alkaline solutions compared to the starting GO. The resultant ErGO electrode also showed an enhanced capacitance and an ORR onset potential similar to that of NrGO electrode, produced by a solvothermal process. However, the ErGO exhibited considerably lower electron transfer numbers, indicating that although both catalysts operate under combined 4e- and 2e- ORR processes, ErGO followed a more predominant 2e- pathway. The ORR process in ErGO has been linked to the presence of quinone functional groups, which in turn favoured the 2e- ORR pathway. Also in this work, a three dimensional Mn304 hierarchical network was grown on NrGO by a facile and controllable electrodeposition process, and its electrocatalytic performance for ORR was assessed. The directly electrodeposited MnO. on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited little electrocatalytic activity, whereas the integrated Mn304/NrGO catalyst was more ORR active than the NrGO. The resulting electrode architecture exhibited an "apparent" 4e-oxygen reduction pathway involving a dual site reduction mechanism due to a synergetic effect between Mn304 and NrGO. In addition, the 3D Mn304/NrGO hierarchical al'chitectur~ exhibited improved durability and methanol tolerance, far exceeding that of commercial ptlC. A composite material consisting of CUC020 4 nanoparticles anchored on NrGO sheets (CuCo204/NrGO) was prepared by a solvothermal method as a highly efficient OER electrocatalyst in both alkaline and neutral solutions. The CuCo204/NrGO exhibited high OER performance when compared to the other control materials, as well as good stability under strong alkaline condition. The enhanced OER performance of CuCo204/NrGO can be related to: (i) a reduction in the size of the CUC0204 nanoparticles as measured by the TEM, (ii) an enhancement of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), (iii) a replacement of the least OER active C02+ ions with Cu2+ ions as confirmed by XPS and (iv) a synergetic effect between CuCo204 nanoparticles and NrGO sheets.
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Knoche, Krysti Lynn. "Density gradient films, lanthanide electrochemistry, and magnetic field effects on hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and lanthanide electrochemistry." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3124.

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Electroanalytical techniques are used to investigate mass transport through density gradient films; lanthanide triflate reduction and oxidation in a Nafion/acetonitrile matrix; and magnetic field effects on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and lanthanide electrochemistry. Graded density films are more dense at the electrode surface and become less dense out into solution due to a brush polymer structure. Fick's second law expands to account for a diffusion coefficient that varies with distance x normal to the electrode surface. Confocal microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and computer simulations are used to investigate density graded Ficoll® films. Mass transport approaches steady state (scan rate independence) at slow scan rates where the diffusion length samples the entire film. The use of Ficoll to template an ion exchange polymer is explored by casting Nafion® Ficoll composites. Lanthanide electrochemistry is enabled in acetonitrile at a Nafion modified platinum electrode in the presence of triflate ligands. Formal potentials are shifted into the voltage window of acetonitrile accessible due to triflate complexation. The Nafion further solubilizes the compounds. The mechanism (ECEC) is studied with cyclic voltammetry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic field effects on electrochemical systems have been of interest to researchers for the past 65 years. Mass transport effects, such as magnetohydrodynamics and magnetic field gradient effects have been reported, but the Leddy group focuses on electron transfer effects. Electrode surfaces are modified with composite films of magnetic microparticles suspended in ion exchange polymer Nafion. Effects are verified to be electron transfer related and due to the magnetization of chemically inert microparticles. The magnets catalyze the rates of important electron transfer reactions such as hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction. Magnetic field effects on HER at various noncatalytic metal electrodes are explored with linear scan voltammetry. There is a correlation between the magnetic susceptibility of the electrode metals and the HER exchange currents (reaction rates). Exchange currents are 103× larger for a paramagnetic metal electrode than a diamagnetic one with the same work function. The overpotential at diamagnetic electrodes is decreased by modification with a Nafion + magnetic microparticle composite film. A decrease in overpotential of ∼70 % for all electrodes except platinum is observed. The overpotential decrease correlates with the magnetic susceptibility of the particles. Magnets can enhance differences between lanthanide cyclic voltammograms by shifting current densities at a given potential and enhancing current based on the number of 4f electrons and magnetic moment of each lanthanide ion. Magnetic field effects on ORR in acetonitrile are investigated with cyclic voltammetry. In aprotic solvents, ORR proceeds by a one electron transfer reaction to paramagnetic O2.–. Enhanced reversibility and electron transfer kinetics are observed as well as a decrease in overpotential of ∼100 mV. Magnetic field effects on ORR in a lanthanide triflate solution are also examined. Electron transfer kinetics and reversibility are further enhanced in the presence of lanthanide triflate.
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Turner, Steven Christopher. "Electrochemical release of oxygen from metal complexes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/867.

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Siriwatcharapiboon, Wilai. "The electrochemistry of metal nanoparticles for oxygen reduction and nitrate/nitrite reduction." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4475/.

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This research has scientific aims focused on two important electrochemical reactions: oxygen reduction and nitrate/nitrite reduction. A series of rhodium (Rh) deposited on gold nanorods (Au NRs) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesised by wet chemical reduction. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) showed that Rh has a preferential deposition and epitaxial growth at the end of Au NRs. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disc electrode (RDE) measurements were performed to study the oxygen reduction at these Au:Rh/C catalysts. Pyrolysed cobalt triethylenetetraamine on a carbon substrate (Co/TET A/C) was employed to produce H20 2 from the ORR. The results from the rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) reveal that the heat treatment influences the H20 2 selectivity. The Co/TETA/C heated at 1000 oc yields the highest H20 2 selectivity while the Co/TETA/C heated at 700 oc yields the lowest H20 2 selectivity. Rh/C, Au:Rh/C nanoparticles and Sn modified Rh/C nanoparticles were employed for nitrate/nitrite reduction in acidic media. Results from on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry (OLEMS) reveal that the modified electrode generates N2 from further reduction of the nitrous oxide (N20) intermediate. Ion chromatography (IC) shows that ammonium is the main product at Rh/C. Hydroxylamine can also be detected after Sn modification on Rh/C.
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Yu, Kyle Kai-Hung. "Interfacial Electrochemistry of Copper and Spectro-Electrochemical Characterization of Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103416/.

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The first part of this dissertation highlights the contents of the electrochemical characterization of Cu and its electroplating on Ru-based substrates. The growth of Ru native oxide does diminish the efficiency of Cu plating on Ru surface. However, the electrochemical formed irreversible Ru hydrate dioxide (RuOxHy) shows better coverage of Cu UPD. The conductive Ru oxides are directly plateable liner materials as potential diffusion barriers for the IC fabrication. The part II of this dissertation demonstrates the development of a new rapid corrosion screening methodology for effective characterization Cu bimetallic corrosion in CMP and post-CMP environments. The corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants were studied in this dissertation. In part III, a new SEC methodology was developed to study the ORR catalysts. This novel SEC cell can offer cheap, rapid optical screening results, which helps the efficient development of a better ORR catalyst. Also, the SEC method is capable for identifying the poisoning of electrocatalysts. Our data show that the RuOxHy processes several outstanding properties of ORR such as high tolerance of sulfation, high kinetic current limitation and low percentage of hydrogen peroxide.
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Su, Yuhlong Oliver. "Electrochemistry of metalloporphyrins and their catalytic reduction of oxygen at carbon electrodes /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135354882.

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Jorgensen, Mette Juhl. "Lanthanum manganate based cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343243.

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Books on the topic "Oxygen Electrochemistry"

1

Society, Electrochemical, ed. Electrochemical oxygen technology. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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Symposium on Oxygen Electrochemistry (1995 Chicago, Ill.). Proceedings of the Symposium on Oxygen Electrochemistry. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 1996.

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Van Zee, John William, 1952-, Electrochemical Society. Industrial Electrolysis and Electrochemical Engineering Division., Electrochemical Society. Energy Technology Division., Electrochemical Society Meeting, Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Electrochemical Processes (1998 : San Diego, Calif.), and Symposium on Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes and Activated Cathodes for Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Processes (1998 : San Diego, Calif.), eds. Proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Electrochemical Processes and [the Symposium on] Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes and Activated Cathodes for Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Processes. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 1998.

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Workshop on Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis and Oxygen Electrochemistry (1991 Case Western Reserve University). Proceedings of the Workshop on Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis and Oxygen Electrochemistry, October 29-November 1, 1991, Case Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University. Edited by Scherson D, United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Propulsion Systems., and Electrochemical Society. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 1992.

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Adzic, R. R. Oxygen Electrochemistry (Proceedings). Electrochemical Society, 1996.

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Evaluation parameters for the alkaline fuel cell oxygen electrode. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Scherson, D., and X. Xing. Structural Effects in Electrolysis and Oxygen Electrochemistry (Proceedings Ser.; Vol. 92-11). Electrochemical Society, 1992.

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Fuller, T. F., P. C. Foller, and F. Hine. Advances in Mathematical Modelling & Simulation of Electrochemical Processes & Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes & Activated Cathodes for Chlor-Alkali (Proceedings). Electrochemical Society, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oxygen Electrochemistry"

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Takamura, Hitoshi. "Oxygen Separation." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1496–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_472.

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Risch, Marcel, Jin Suntivich, and Yang Shao-Horn. "Oxygen Evolution Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1475–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_407.

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Guth, Ulrich, and Vladimir Vashook. "Oxygen Solid Electrolyte Coulometry." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1498–504. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_305.

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Mizusaki, Junichiro. "Oxygen Nonstoichiometry of Oxide." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1481–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_470.

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Sadaoka, Yoshihiko. "High-Temperature Oxygen Sensor." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 988–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_471.

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Jovancicevic, Vladimir. "Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction on Iron in Neutral Aqueous Solutions: Oxygen Chemisorption Model." In Electrochemistry in Transition, 127–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9576-2_10.

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Guth, Ulrich. "Molten Steel, Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1318–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_311.

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McIntosh, Steven. "Oxygen Anion Transport in Solid Oxides." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1461–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_337.

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Vracar, Lj. "Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Solution." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1485–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_481.

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Wieckowski, Andrzej, and Jacob Spendelow. "Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1491–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_482.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oxygen Electrochemistry"

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Wetton, Brian, Gwang-Soo Kim, Keith Promislow, Jean St-Pierre, and John Stockie. "Universal Mass-Transport Limited Fuel Cell Current Curves." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74093.

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A unit fuel cell with straight gas channels operating in low voltage conditions is considered. Anode electrochemical losses are neglected and a particular, simple form for mass transport limitations to the cathode oxygen reduction electrochemistry is taken and validated with experimental results. With experimentally fitted parameters, it is found that the mass transport limitations dominate the behaviour of the local current density at low voltages. Combined with a simple channel model for oxygen flux, this leads to a description of local current densities independent of cell voltage, assuming only that it is low. The work is motivated by Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells but the ideas are general enough to be applied to other fuel cell types.
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Liu, Wei, Meng Li, Bei'er Lv, YanYan Chen, Hongwei Ma, and Gang Jin. "Using electrochemistry - total internal refection imaging ellipsometry to monitor biochemical oxygen demand on the surface tethered polyelectrolyte modified electrode." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2078486.

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Hess, Katherine C., William K. Epting, and Shawn Litster. "Micron-Scale Diagnostics for Through-Plane Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22928.

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This paper presents the development of a new method for characterizing the electrochemistry and transport phenomena in the porous electrodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The new method uses a unique microstructured electrode scaffold (MES) that provide an architecture for obtaining measurements at discrete points through the thickness of an electrode. This paper reports on the design, fabrication and initial testing of an MES for measuring ionic potential across the thickness of a PEMFC’s cathode. The new fuel cell hardware and reference electrodes (REs), which gather electrolyte potential measurements through the thickness of the electrode via the MES, have been tested for accuracy and repeatability. The use of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) REs versus oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) REs is analyzed and discussed. Polarization data was also gathered and the REs are used to separate the half-cell potentials. Finally, the preliminary fabrication of an MES and a micro-structural analysis are discussed.
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Genevey, Daniel B., Michael R. von Spakovsky, Michael W. Ellis, Douglas J. Nelson, Benoiˆt Olsommer, Fre´de´ric Topin, and Nathan Siegel. "Transient Model of Heat, Mass, and Charge Transfer as Well as Electrochemistry in the Cathode Catalyst Layer of a PEMFC." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33322.

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A transient model of the cathode catalyst layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented. The catalyst layer structure can be described as a superposition of the polymer membrane, the backing layer, and some additional platinum particles. The model, which incorporates some of the features of the pseudo-homogeneous models currently present in the literature, considers the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface, the proton transport through the polymer agglomerates, and the oxygen and water transport within the pores as well as the membrane material of the catalyst layer. Due to the lower porosity of this region and the higher liquid water content, the catalyst layer can be current limiting in the fuel cell. Furthermore, since the cost of the catalyst material is critical, it is important to have a model predicting the effective utilization of this catalyst layer as well as one, which gives insights into how it might be improved. Equations are presented for the mass conservation of reactants and products, the electrical and ionic currents, and the conservation of energy. A discussion of a number of the closure relations such as the Butler-Volmer equation employed is included as is a discussion of the initial and boundary conditions applied. The mathematical model is solved using a finite elements approach developed at I.U.S.T.I.
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Guo, Hang, Chong Fang Ma, Mao Hai Wang, Jian Yu, Xuan Liu, Fang Ye, and Chao Yang Wang. "Heat and Mass Transfer and Two Phase Flow in Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1755.

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Fuel cells are related to a number of scientific and engineering disciplines, which include electrochemistry, catalysis, membrane science and engineering, heat and mass transfer, thermodynamics and so on. Several thermophysical phenomena such as heat transfer, multicomponent transport and two phase flow play significant roles in hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells based on solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Some coupled thermophysical issues are bottleneck in process of scale-up of direct methanol fuel cells and hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In present paper, experimental results of visualization of condensed water in fuel cell cathode microchannels are presented. The equivalent diameter of the rectangular channel is 0.8mm. Water droplets from the order of 0.08mm to 0.8mm were observed from several different locations in the channels. Several important problems, such as generation and change characteristics of water droplet and gas bubble, two phase flow under chemical reaction conditions, mass transfer enhancement of oxygen in the cathode porous media layer, heat transfer enhancement and high efficiency cooling system of proton exchange membrane fuel cells stack, etc., are discussed.
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Naitoh, Masanori, Shunsuke Uchida, Yasushi Uehara, Hidetoshi Okada, and Seiichi Koshizuka. "Evaluation of Wall Thinning Rate Due to Flow Accelerated Corrosion With the Coupled Models of Electrochemical Analysis and Double Oxide Layer Analysis." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77583.

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Systematic approaches for evaluating flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) are desired before discussing application of countermeasures for FAC. Future FAC occurrence should be evaluated to identify locations where a higher possibility of FAC occurrence exists, and then, wall thinning rate at the identified FAC occurrence zone should be evaluated to obtain the preparation time for applying countermeasures. Wall thinning rates were calculated with the coupled models of static electrochemical analysis and dynamic double oxide layer analysis. Anodic current density and electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) were calculated with the electrochemistry model based on an Evans diagram and ferrous ion release rate determined by the anodic current density was applied as input for the double oxide layer model. The thickness of oxide layer was calculated with the double oxide layer model. The dependences of mass transfer coefficients, oxygen concentrations ([O2]), pH and temperature on wall thinning rates were calculated with the coupled model. It was confirmed that the calculated results of the coupled models resulted good agreement with the measured ones. The effects of candidates for countermeasures, e.g., optimization of N2H4 injection point into the feed water system, on FAC mitigation was demonstrated as a result of applying the model.
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Zecevic, S., E. M. Patton, and P. Parhami. "Direct Carbon Fuel Cell With Hydroxide Electrolyte: Cell Performance During Initial Stage of a Long Term Operation." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74169.

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This paper describes a Direct Carbon-Air Fuel Cell (DCFC) which uses a molten hydroxide electrolyte. In DCFCs, carbon is electrochemically directly oxidized to generate the power without a reforming process. Despite its compelling cost and performance advantages, the use of molten metal hydroxide electrolytes has been ignored by DCFC researches, primarily due to the potential lack of invariance of the molten hydroxide electrolyte caused by its reaction with carbon dioxide. This paper describes the electrochemistry of DCFC based on molten hydroxide electrolyte and discusses means to overcome the historical carbonate formation. Furthermore, it describes the cell performance during the initial stage of a long term operation and discusses the causes for the initial cell performance degradation. To date, five successive generations of medium temperature DCFC prototypes have been built and tested at SARA Inc. to demonstrate the technology, all using graphite rods as their fuel source. The basic feature of the cell is a simple design in which the cathode is not traditional gas fed electrode type. It is a non-porous electrode structure made of an inexpensive Fe-Ti alloy and gaseous oxygen is introduced into the cell by bubbling humid air through the electrolyte. The cell successfully demonstrated delivering more than 50 A at 0.3 V with the current density exceeding 100 mA/cm2. Main feature of DCFC with hydroxide electrolyte is that the cell performance decreases over time mainly due to oxygen cathode polarization. There are three possible causes for this performance decay: Carbonate formation, electrolyte evaporation due to air bubbling, and corrosion products build up. In order to determine the right cause for the performance decay a series of experiments was carried out investigating various parameters involving cell temperature, water content in the melt, current density, carbonate content in the melt, melt level in the cell, air flow rate and intermittent on-off operation. DCFC was operating at constant current while cell voltage and electrode potentials were recorded over time. Results obtained indicated that the performance of DCFC with hydroxide electrolyte during initial 200 h is governed by the oxygen cathode performance that is mainly affected by corrosion products. The corrosion products catalyze decomposition of peroxide ions which are reacting species at the cathode resulting in an increase of cathode polarization over time. Effect of carbonate ions on the initial cell performance decay is insignificant as compared to the effect of corrosion product. Means to overcome the corrosion products issue were discussed.
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8

Zecevic, Strahinja, Edward M. Patton, and Parviz Parhami. "Direct Carbon Fuel Cell With Molten Hydroxide Electrolyte." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2496.

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Historically, despite its compelling cost and performance advantages, the use of molten hydroxide electrolytes has been ignored by DCFC researches, primarily due to the potential for formation of carbonate salt in the cell. This paper describes the electrochemistry of a patented medium-temperature DCFC based on molten hydroxide electrolyte, which overcomes the historical carbonate formation. An important technique discovered for significantly reducing carbonate formation is to ensure high water content of the electrolyte. Water helps hydrolysis of the carbonates and reduces formation of peroxide and superoxide ions that may react with carbon dioxide producing carbonate ions. High water content can be achieved by maintaining a humid atmosphere above the melt. To date, four successive generations of medium temperature DCFC prototypes have been built and tested at SARA Inc. to demonstrate the technology, all using graphite rods as their fuel source. The cells all used a simple design in which the cell containers served as the air cathodes and successfully demonstrated delivering more than 40 A at 0.3 V with the current density exceeding 200 mA/cm2. The basic feature of this simple cell design is that the cathode is not traditional gas fed electrode type. It is a non-porous electrode structure made of an inexpensive Fe-Ti alloy and gaseous oxygen is introduced into the cell by bubbling humid air through the electrolyte. Results obtained indicated that the cell operation was under a mixed activation-Ohmic-mass transfer control. The activation control is mainly due to slow anode oxidation of carbon, the Ohmic control is mainly due to a large electrode spacing whereas the mass transfer control is most likely because of slow diffusion of oxygen species (O2, O22−, O2−, and H2O) to the cathode surface. Cell performances are improved in the new generation cell design, which has been recently built, and which enables faster mass transfer of the reaction species and a lower voltage drop across the electrolyte. In the new design, the cathode is a separate perforated component of the cell that allows the use of a larger surface area electrode and for the electrode spacing to be varied.
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9

Saji, Genn. "Degradation of Aged Plants by Corrosion: Radiation-Induced Corrosion Cells Inducing “Long-Cell” Action." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75712.

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In the previous papers, the author has established various ‘long cell’ corrosion configurations that should exist in nuclear power plants. With these corrosion mechanisms in place, the plant can be characterized as an assembly of gigantic short-circuited electrical batteries, inducing electrochemical corrosion at localized anodic sites. If these corrosion cells are involved at nuclear power plants, macroscopic electrochemical potential differences must be demonstrated between anodic sites where dissolution of metal (i.e. corrosion) is taking place and cathodic sites where deposition (also called sedimentation) of corrosion products are often observed. Among these, the radiation-induced corrosion cell is an important mechanism of corrosion issues among nuclear power plants, since it plays a major role in the corrosion problems found in primary water, including PWSCC and AOA in PWRs and IGSCC in the BWRs. There is numerous experimental evidence indicating a potential difference induced by radiation, however, the exact mechanism of such phenomena has not been investigated from the ‘long cell action’ corrosion hypothesis point of view. The author investigated the basic mechanism by combining radiation chemistry, electrochemistry and corrosion science to confirm the existence of radiation-induced ‘long-cell’ action (macro) corrosion cell. By performing a competition kinetic study, which is a simplified approach to determine which of several competing reactions will predominate, the hydrated electrons, e−aq, reacting mainly with stable molecules, are found responsible for inducing a large portion of the potential difference both in the PWR and BWR water chemistry environment. The hydrated electrons react with a cathodic half-cell included in the stable solutes thereby inducing redox reactions in the mixed cell configuration with both reducing and oxidizing actions. This method reproduces the reported experimentally observed ECP variation to a certain extent (observed in the INCA Test Loop in Sweden and NRI-Rez BWR-2 Loop in Czech Republic) which was measured by widely changing the solute concentrations, such as dissolved hydrogen and oxygen. The author believes the results support the assumed major reactions acting in the redox process.
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