Journal articles: 'Oxygen barrier propertie'

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Schmid, Markus, Kerstin Dallmann, Elodie Bugnicourt, Dario Cordoni, Florian Wild, Andrea Lazzeri, and Klaus Noller. "Properties of Whey-Protein-Coated Films and Laminates as Novel Recyclable Food Packaging Materials with Excellent Barrier Properties." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/562381.

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In case of food packaging applications, high oxygen and water vapour barriers are the prerequisite conditions for preserving the quality of the products throughout their whole lifecycle. Currently available polymers and/or biopolymer films are mostly used in combination with barrier materials derived from oil based plastics or aluminium to enhance their low barrier properties. In order to replace these non-renewable materials, current research efforts are focused on the development of sustainable coatings, while maintaining the functional properties of the resulting packaging materials. This article provides an introduction to food packaging requirements, highlights prior art on the use of whey-based coatings for their barriers properties, and describes the key properties of an innovative packaging multilayer material that includes a whey-based layer. The developed whey protein formulations had excellent barrier properties almost comparable to the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) barrier layer conventionally used in food packaging composites, with an oxygen barrier (OTR) of <2 [cm³(STP)/(m²d bar)] when normalized to a thickness of 100 μm. Further requirements of the barrier layer are good adhesion to the substrate and sufficient flexibility to withstand mechanical load while preventing delamination and/or brittle fracture. Whey-protein-based coatings have successfully met these functional and mechanical requirements.

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SATAM, CHINMAY, ASHOK GHOSH, and PETER W. HART. "Commercially relevant water vapor barrier properties of high amylose starch acetates: Fact or fiction?" September 2021 20, no. 9 (October 1, 2021): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.9.599.

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Starches have recently regained attention as ecofriendly barrier materials due to the increased demand for sustainable packaging. They are easily processable by conventional plastics processing equipment and have been utilized for oil and grease barrier applications. While starches have excellent oxygen barrier properties and decent water barrier properties at low relative humidity (RH), they are moisture sensitive, as demonstrated by the deterioration of the barrier properties at higher RH values. Starch esters are chemically modified starches where the hydroxyl group of the starch has been substituted by other moieties such as acetates. This imparts hydrophobicity to starches and has been claimed as a good way of retaining water vapor barrier properties of starches, even at high RH conditions. We studied the water vapor barrier properties of one class of starch esters, i.e., high amylose starch acetates that were assumed to have good water vapor barrier properties. Our investigations found that with a high degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups, the modified starches did indeed show improvements in water vapor response as compared to pure high amylose starch films; however, the barrier properties were orders of magnitude lower than commercially used water vapor barriers like polyethylene. Even though these materials had improved water vapor barrier response, high amylose starch acetates are likely unsuitable as water vapor barriers by themselves, as implied by previous literature studies and patents.

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Ahmadi, Zahed. "Interfacial interaction exploration and oxygen barrier potential of polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/clay hybrid nanocomposites." e-Polymers 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0240.

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AbstractHybrid nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH)/clay were prepared and fully characterized. Morphological (WAXS and TEM), calorimetric (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analyses were applied to investigate potential of nanocomposites as barrier against oxygen. Co-existence of ingredients of different nature, i.e. HDPE (general-purpose non-polar component), EVOH (engineering polar component with excellent barrier properties), nanoclay (planar one-dimensional mineral barrier nanofiller), and maleated HDPE (PE-g-MA) as coupling agent, brings about serious intricacies in view of interaction between existing phases. Conceptual/experimental analysis was performed to explore the interdependence between microstructure and oxygen barrierity of HDPE/EVOH/clay nanocomposites through the lens of interaction state in the system. Morphological measurements confirmed formation of an intercalated nanostructure, while investigations on complex viscosity, storage modulus, permeability, thermo-mechanical properties, and nanoclay interlayer galleries were all indicative of dependence of nanocomposites’ properties on molecular interactions. The performance of nanocomposite sheets as oxygen barriers was mechanistically explained.

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Mulroue, J., and D. M. Duffy. "An ab initio study of the effect of charge localization on oxygen defect formation and migration energies in magnesium oxide." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 467, no. 2131 (March 16, 2011): 2054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0517.

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Plane-wave density functional theory was used to study the properties of oxygen vacancies and interstitials, with different charge states, in MgO. The calculated properties were the relaxed configurations, the Frenkel defect formation energies and the energies of the migration barriers, and all properties were found to be strongly dependent on the defect charge state. The lowest energy configuration of the O 2− interstitial was found to be the cube centre; however, the O − and O 0 interstitials formed dumb-bell configurations. The Frenkel defect energies were also strongly dependent on the defect charge, with the neutral pair energy calculated to be 3 eV lower than the doubly charged Frenkel pair defect energy. The migration barriers of the oxygen vacancies were found to increase as the net charge of the oxygen vacancies decreased, which suggests that vacancies with trapped electrons are much less mobile than the F 2+ vacancies modelled by classical potentials. The migration of the oxygen interstitials showed particularly interesting behaviour. The O 0 interstitial was found to have a higher migration barrier than the O 2− interstitial but a very low barrier (0.06 eV) was found for the O − interstitial. The results have significant implications for the reliability of classical radiation damage simulations.

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Bakker, Sterre, Joey Kloos, Gerald A. Metselaar, A. Catarina C. Esteves, and Albert P. H. J. Schenning. "About Gas Barrier Performance and Recyclability of Waterborne Coatings on Paperboard." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121841.

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For preserving food packed in environmentally friendly and recyclable paperboard packages, it is important to have sufficient gas barrier performance of the paperboard container. Paperboard has poor intrinsic barrier properties and to overcome this deficiency, so a barrier coating is needed that does not hinder the recycling of the paperboard substrate. However, the gas barrier properties and the recyclability of such coatings have been rarely studied. Here, both the gas barrier performance and the removal of an alkali-soluble resin (ASR)-stabilized waterborne barrier coatings from paperboard are investigated. For barriers for gases, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, defect-free coatings are needed which is achieved by applying three coating layers. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the three-layered coating on paperboard was 920 cm3/(m2∙day). For water vapor barriers, two coating layers already show a strong improvement, as water follows a different penetration mechanism than the other tested gases. The water vapor transmission rate WVTR of double coated paperboard was 240 g/(m2∙day). Preliminary results show that the coating is removed by immersion of the coated paperboard in an aqueous alkaline solution at room temperature. This causes de-protonation of the carboxylic acids of the ASR and subsequent re-dispersion of the coating in water. Removing double-layer coatings from the paperboard is more challenging, possibly due to the coating/coating interface between the two coating layers and enhanced adhesion between coating and paperboard.

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Liu, R. Y. F., D. A. Schiraldi, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Oxygen-barrier properties of cold-drawn polyesters." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 40, no. 9 (March 28, 2002): 862–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.10149.

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Ayuso, Carmen Fernández, Alejandro Arribas Agüero, Jose A. Plaza Hernández, Antonio Bódalo Santoyo, and Elisa Gómez Gómez. "High Oxygen Barrier Polyethylene Films." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500802.

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“Layer by layer” technology was used to create transparent, thin and high barrier polyethylene films to use in food packaging. These films were made by inserting successive layers of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite (Cloisite Na+, non-organic modification) grown onto a low density polyethylene (LDPE) film substrate submitted to corona treatment. Excellent oxygen permeability results were reached with only 9 bilayers, with a reduction of 99.92%, compared to the pure polyethylene. This allowed the oxygen barrier film to change from poor to high (3.66 cm3/m2·day), with a total thickness of 48 microns, due to the structure formed over the film to create a tortuous path for oxygen molecules. Optical properties were analysed, showing a ≥92% transparency in all samples. Thermal stability of polyethylene was slightly improved and this was attributed to nanoclays presence forming an insulating layer. The result of this research is a thin structured film which is a good candidate for common barrier films replacement in food packaging thanks to its high oxygen barrier capacity, optical transparency, microwaveability and recyclability.

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Sardon, H., A. González, M. J. Fernández-Berridi, and L. Irusta. "Oxygen Barrier Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Silica Hybrids." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 54, no. 6 (April 6, 2015): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2015.1035613.

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Holsti-Miettinen, R. M., K. P. Perttilä, J. V. Seppälä, and M. T. Heino. "Oxygen barrier properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58, no. 9 (November 28, 1995): 1551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580918.

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Xie, Pengkang, Ziyue Wang, and Kangning Wu. "Evolution of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Electron Traps at Grain Boundary during Sintering ZnO Based Varistor Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031098.

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In this paper, evolution of microstructures, electrical properties and defects of the double Schottky barrier during the sintering process were investigated by quenching ZnO varistor ceramics at different sintering stages. It was found that morphology of the samples changed little when the temperature was below 800 °C. Remarkable enhancement of the Schottky barrier height and electrical properties took place in the temperature range between 600 °C and 800 °C. The Bi-rich intergranular layer changed from β phase to α phase. The interfacial relaxation at depletion/intergranular layers became detectable in the samples. Meanwhile, a distinct relaxation loss peak from electron trapping of interface states was observed instead of two dispersed ones. It indicated that the differences among the Schottky barriers in ZnO varistor ceramics became smaller with the process of sintering, which was also supported by the admittance spectra. In addition, oxygen vacancy was found more sensitive to the sintering process than zinc interstitial. The results could provide guidance for fine manipulating the Schottky barrier and its underlying defect structures by optimizing sintering process.

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Grill, A., and C. Cabral. "Al–Ta Bilayer as an Oxidation Resistant Barrier for Electrode Structures in High Dielectric Constant Capacitors." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (April 1999): 1581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0212.

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Aluminum-tantalum bilayers have been investigated for their potential to serve as conductive barriers to oxygen diffusion when annealed at conditions corresponding to crystallization of perovskite dielectrics such as lead lanthanum titanate (PLT). Ta (50 nm)/Al (15 nm) structures have been deposited on Si substrates and annealed in oxygen at 650 and 700 °C for various amounts of time. The as-deposited and annealed structures have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis and by four-point probe electrical measurements. It has been found that the Al–Ta structures can withstand complete oxidation when exposed to oxygen at 650 °C for 30 min or 700 °C for 1 min and the oxide layer formed at the surface of the structure acts as a barrier to further oxygen diffusion. When a PLT film was deposited directly on the Al–Ta structures intermixing took place. It was therefore necessary to insert a Pt layer between the Al–Ta barrier and PLT layer. In such a case the PLT showed electrical properties similar to those obtained when deposited on SiO2/Pt; however, the Al–Ta structure did interact with Pt during the perovskite formation anneal. It has been found that this interaction can be prevented by preannealing the Al–Ta, in oxygen, prior to the deposition of Pt.

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Bratovcic, Amra. "Physical – Chemical, Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Films and Edible Coatings." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.5.22.

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Bio-nanocomposite ﬁlms and edible coatings constitute of metal nanoparticles incorporated in biopolymers on the shelf life and quality of food were studied. It has been seen that the application of bio-nanocomposite ﬁlms and edible coatings to fruits and vegetables may lead to decreasing the color changes, respiration rate, weight loss and extended shelf life, delaying ripening and being environmentally friendly. Physical-chemical properties such as moisture barrier, oxygen scavengers, and antimicrobial properties have been reviewed. In addition, the physicochemical characterization which covers surface and structure characterization, as well as contact angle, thickness, transparency, colour characterization and thermal stability were included. Moreover, it has been seen that novel bio-nanocomposite ﬁlms and edible coatings are able to enhance the texture, improve the product appearance, and prolong the shelf-life by creating semi-permeable barriers to gases and moisture, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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Zhang, Yuanhao, Jibo Xu, Yahui Yu, Weijie Zheng, Zhiyu Xu, Lingzhi Lu, Ziyu Wang, Chaojing Lu, and Zheng Wen. "Changeable electroresistance in Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃/(La,Sr)MnO₃ tunnel junctions and memristive properties for synaptic plasticity emulation." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 20 (May 16, 2022): 203501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093112.

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Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) are promising candidates for the next-generation memory technologies. The electroresistance mechanism, however, has been reported not only from the polarization-modulation of barrier profiles. Electrical migration of charged defects has also been observed as a possible origin for the resistive switching. Here, we achieve two kinds of electroresistance behaviors in Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/(La,Sr)MnO3 tunnel junctions by introducing oxygen vacancies in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 barrier. The oxygen vacancies are observed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their effects on the widely adopted piezoresponse force microscopy characterizations of ultrathin ferroelectric films have been analyzed by AC voltage-dependent hysteresis loops. For the Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/(La,Sr)MnO3 device that is modulated by the polarization reversal, a counterclockwise resistance–voltage ( R– V) relationship is observed due to the tunneling between high and low barriers, whereas the R– V hysteresis loop is changed to clockwise with the existence of oxygen vacancies, in which conductive filaments are formed in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 barrier. However, such an ionic electroresistance is not stable during repetitive switching. Further investigation on memristive behaviors is, thus, performed on the ferroelectric-controlled Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/(La,Sr)MnO3 tunnel junctions. An excellent linearity is achieved in continuous resistance change owing to the nucleation-limited-switching mode of domain switching in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 barrier, giving rise to spike-timing-dependent plasticity behaviors for the Hebbian rule of learning and memory. These results provide insight into the distinguishing of ferroelectric and ionic contributions in electroresistance of FTJ devices, facilitating deep understanding of nonvolatile resistive memories.

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Djordjevic, Nenad, Aleksandar Marinkovic, Jasmina Nikolic, Sasa Drmanic, Milica Rancic, Danijela Brkovic, and Petar Uskokovic. "A study of the barrier properties of polyethylene coated with a nanocellulose/magnetite composite film." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 5 (2016): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc151217019d.

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The morphological, thermal and barrier properties of low-density polyethylene/polycaprolactone-modified nanocellulose hybrid materials were investigated in this paper. Nanonocelulose/magnetite (NC-Fe3O4) nanocomposite and maleic acid functionalized NC/magnetite (NCMA-Fe3O4) nanocomposite were prepared and used as filler at various concentrations (5, 10 and 15 wt. %) in polycaprolactone (PCL) layer. PE was coated with PCL/NC/magnetite layer. The addition of the filler did not unfavorably affect the inherent properties of the polymer, especially its barrier properties. Oxygen permeation measurements show that the oxygen barrier properties of magnetite enriched PCL film were improved due to chemical activity of added material. The highest level of barrier capacity was observed for PE samples coated with PCL based composite with NCMA-Fe3O4 micro/-nanofiller, which implies the significant contribution of nanocellulose surface modification with maleic anhydride residue to improved barrier properties.

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Hu, Chao, Zhangcheng Liu, Jingwen Zhang, Wei Wang, and Hong-Xing Wang. "Diamond Schottky Barrier Diode with Fluorine- and Oxygen-Termination." MRS Advances 1, no. 16 (2016): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.135.

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ABSTRACTSchottky properties of Mo on diamond with fluorine- and oxygen-termination had been investigated. Oxygen-termination was generated by aqua regia. Fluorine-termination was generated by CF4plasma treatment. Mo/Ni/Au was deposited on the diamond surface as Schottky electrode, whose barrier height was evaluated from current-voltage curve. After that, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods were applied to calculate the Schottky barrier height of Mo on different termination surface. The results indicated that the fluorine-termination and oxygen-termination show different schottky properties.

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VENTRESCA, DON, and GREG WELSCH. "Multifunctional barrier coating systems created by multilayer curtain coating." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.561.

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Functional coatings are applied to paper and paperboard substrates to provide resistance, or a barrier, against media such as oil and grease (OGR), water, water vapor as measured by moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), and oxygen, for applications such as food packaging, food service, and other non-food packaging. Typical functional barrier coatings can be created by applying a solid coating or extruded film, a solvent based-coating, or a water-based coating to the paper substrate using various means of coating applicators. This paper focuses on water-based barrier coatings (WBBC) for OGR, water, MVTR, and oxygen barriers. The main goal was to create coated systems that can achieve more than one barrier property using multilayer curtain coating (MLCC). Curtain coating has emerged as the premier low-impact application method for coated paper and paperboard. This paper provides examples using MLCC to create coating structures that provide multiple barrier properties in a single coating step. Barrier polymer systems studied include styrene butadiene, styrene acrylate, vinyl acrylic, and natural materials, as well as proprietary additives where required to give desired performance. The paper also shows how the specific coating layers can be optimized to produce the desired property profile, without concern for blocking, as the addition of a non-blocking top layer can be applied in the MLCC structure as well. Experiments on base sheet types also shows the importance of applying the multilayer structure on a pre-coated surface in order to improve coating thickness consistency and potentially allow for the reduction of more expensive layer components.

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Falcão, Gabriella Amorim Muniz, Tatiara Gomes de Almeida, Fernanda Menezes de Sousa, Lindembergue Pereira Costa Júnior, Laura Hecker de Carvalho, Gloria Maria Vinhas, and Yêda Medeiros Bastos de Almeida. "Effect of organoclay and corn straw on the properties of polycaprolactone composite films." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 13 (September 28, 2022): e85111333808. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.33808.

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The packaging industry requires materials capable of offering barriers to the entry of microorganisms, with the ability to protect and maintain the characteristics of the packaging content. The use of fillers can enhance these barrier properties to the polymeric material. This work investigates the effect of incorporating different fillers (organophilic clay and corn straw) on the rheological, thermal, mechanical and permeability characteristics of polycaprolactone (PCL) processed in an internal laboratory mixer. The results of torque rheometry suggest polymer matrix degradation during processing did not increase, nor the thermal stability of the matrix. Composite films showed higher tensile strength, higher stiffness and lower elongation. Incorporation of the fillers in the PCL matrix reduced the permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide gases of the produced films. Adding up to 1% of organoclay C20A or corn straw to PCL leads to a material that combines maintenance or improvement of properties combined with lower permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide, which confirms the potential use of these systems in packaging industry.

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Zhong, Wen, Xiaobin Yang, Jikun Sun, Hongwei Gao, Yongping Bai, and Lu Shao. "Polyacrylate Decorating Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Film Surface for Boosting Oxygen Barrier Property." Coatings 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121451.

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Polymeric barrier materials are critical in contemporary industries for food, medicine, and chemical packaging. However, these materials, such as PET films, are impeded by the optimization of barrier properties by virtue of molecular design. Herein, a new methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate-diallyl maleate-maleic acid (MMA-MAc-DAM-MA) was synthesized to tailor the surface properties of PET films for maximizing oxygen barrier properties. During the MMA-MAc-DAM-MA coating and curing process, the chemical structure evolutions of MMA-MAc-DAM-MA coatings were characterized, indicating that the cross-linking conversion and proportion of –COOH groups are critical for the oxygen barrier properties of coatings. The inherent –COOH groups are transformed into designed structures, including intramolecular anhydride, inter-chain anhydride and retained carboxylic acid. Therein, the inter-chain anhydride restraining the activity of coated polymer chain mainly contributes to enhanced barrier properties. The thermal properties of novel coatings were analyzed, revealing that the curing behavior is strongly dependent on the curing temperatures. The impacts of viscosity of the coating solution, coating velocity, and coating thickness on the oxygen permeability (Po2) of the coatings were investigated using a gas permeability tester to explore the optimum operating parameters during practical applications, which can reduce the Po2 of PET film by 47.8%. This work provides new insights on advanced coating materials for excellent barrier performance.

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Chawla, Vipin, Mikko Ruoho, Matthieu Weber, Adib Chaaya, Aidan Taylor, Christophe Charmette, Philippe Miele, Mikhael Bechelany, Johann Michler, and Ivo Utke. "Fracture Mechanics and Oxygen Gas Barrier Properties of Al2O3/ZnO Nanolaminates on PET Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010088.

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Rapid progress in the performance of organic devices has increased the demand for advances in the technology of thin-film permeation barriers and understanding the failure mechanisms of these material systems. Herein, we report the extensive study of mechanical and gas barrier properties of Al2O3/ZnO nanolaminate films prepared on organic substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Nanolaminates of Al2O3/ZnO and single compound films of around 250 nm thickness were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foils by ALD at 90 °C using trimethylaluminium (TMA) and diethylzinc (DEZ) as precursors and H2O as the co-reactant. STEM analysis of the nanolaminate structure revealed that steady-state film growth on PET is achieved after about 60 ALD cycles. Uniaxial tensile strain experiments revealed superior fracture and adhesive properties of single ZnO films versus the single Al2O3 film, as well as versus their nanolaminates. The superior mechanical performance of ZnO was linked to the absence of a roughly 500 to 900 nm thick sub-surface growth observed for single Al2O3 films as well as for the nanolaminates starting with an Al2O3 initial layer on PET. In contrast, the gas permeability of the nanolaminate coatings on PET was measured to be 9.4 × 10−3 O2 cm3 m−2 day−1. This is an order of magnitude less than their constituting single oxides, which opens prospects for their applications as gas barrier layers for organic electronics and food and drug packaging industries. Direct interdependency between the gas barrier and the mechanical properties was not established enabling independent tailoring of these properties for mechanically rigid and impermeable thin film coatings.

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Delorme, Astrid E., Tanja Radusin, Petri Myllytie, Vincent Verney, and Haroutioun Askanian. "Enhancement of Gas Barrier Properties and Durability of Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12060978.

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Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA)-based materials are receiving growing attention in the packaging industry for their promising biodegradability. However, poor gas barrier properties and low durability of biodegradable polymers, such as PBSA, have limited their wide-spread use in food packaging applications. Here we report a scalable solution to improve gas barrier properties and stabilize PBSA against photo-aging, with minimal modifications to the biodegradable polymer backbone by using a commercially available and biocompatible layered double hydroxide (LDH) filler. We investigate and compare the mechanical, gas barrier, and photoaging properties of PBSA and PBSA-LDH nanocomposite films produced on a pilot scale. An increase in rigidity in the nanocomposite was observed upon addition of LDH fillers to neat PBSA, which direct the application of neat PBSA and PBSA-LDH nanocomposite to different food packaging applications. The addition of LDH fillers into neat PBSA improves the oxygen and water vapour barriers for the PBSA based nanocomposites, which increases the attractiveness of PBSA material in food packaging applications. Through changes in the viscoelastic behaviour, we observe an improved photo-durability of photoaged PBSA-LDH nanocomposites compared to neat PBSA. It is clear from our studies that the presence of LDH enhances the lifetime durability and modulates the photodegradation rate of the elaborated biocomposites.

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Uysal Unalan, Ilke, Derya Boyacı, Masoud Ghaani, Silvia Trabattoni, and Stefano Farris. "Graphene Oxide Bionanocomposite Coatings with High Oxygen Barrier Properties." Nanomaterials 6, no. 12 (December 21, 2016): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120244.

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Lee, S. Y., and S. C. Kim. "Morphology and Oxygen Barrier Properties of LDPE/EVOH Blends." International Polymer Processing 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.960238.

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Hu, Y. S., R. Y. F. Liu, D. A. Schiraldi, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Oxygen Barrier Properties of Copolyesters Containing a Mesogenic Monomer." Macromolecules 37, no. 6 (March 2004): 2136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma030440l.

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Azlina, H. Noor, H. A. Sahrim, R. Rozaidi, A. R. Shamsul Bahri, Y. Yamamoto, and S. Kawahara. "Oxygen Barrier Properties of New Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Nanocomposites." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 50, no. 15 (November 2011): 1564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2011.603787.

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Hara, Tohru, Masaru Tanaka, Keizo Sakiyama, Shigeo Onishi, Kazuya Ishihara, and Jun Kudo. "Barrier Properties for Oxygen Diffusion in a TaSiN Layer." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 36, Part 2, No. 7B (July 15, 1997): L893—L895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.36.l893.

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Polyakova, A., R. Y. F. Liu, D. A. Schiraldi, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Oxygen-barrier properties of copolymers based on ethylene terephthalate." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 39, no. 16 (2001): 1889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1163.

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Frounchi, Masoud, and Alireza Dourbash. "Oxygen Barrier Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nanocomposite Films." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 294, no. 1 (January 14, 2009): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200800238.

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Bain, Alex D., P. Hazendonk, and P. Couture. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-143.

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Recent theoretical work on amide systems has brought into question the application of the concept of resonance. In particular, the role of the oxygen atom was questioned, since the calculations showed little change in its properties when the amide bond was rotated. This paper investigates, both experimentally and computationally, the effect of a substituent on the carbonyl carbon on the amide barrier, in order to test this view. The barriers to the amide rotation in seven spiro-fused oxazolidines were measured by NMR, to within 1 kJ mol-1. A subset of three of them was modelled to the 6-31G** level. For all three substituents the computed and measured barriers corresponded to within 7 kJ mol-1. The electron densities were analyzed using the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory. The AIM analysis revealed that the oxazolidines behaved similarly to formamide. The substituent effect was described in terms of the atomic populations and energies of the amide C, O, and N. A substituent on the carbonyl carbon caused electron redistributions between N and C, changing their basin attractive energies. Neither the population nor the energy of oxygen changed significantly. When interactions outside the basin of interest were considered, the energy of C was seen to be more sensitive to changing the substituent than the energy of N. However, the atomic parameters from the AIM analysis did not fully reflect the substituent effects observed. For these molecules, the barrier includes contributions from several sources - there is no single, dominant contribution.Key words: amides, barrier, substituent, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemical exchange, atoms in molecules, slow exchange, NMR lineshape analysis.

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Oh, Dongyeop X. "Parylene-Coated Cellulose Nanofiber Films with Improved Oxygen Barrier and Water Resistance." Materials Science Forum 926 (July 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.926.73.

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In this paper, we introduce a parylene-coated cellulose nanofiber film. The parylene coating overcomes the limitations of cellulose nanofiber films used as food packaging films. The disadvantages of cellulose nanofiber films are that they are poor oxygen barriers and have low water resistances. This parylene-coated film achieved a low oxygen transfer rate (OTR) of <5 ml/m2/day because the parylene coating effectively covered the surface pores. In contrast to a pristine cellulose nanofiber film, the parylene-coated film was hydrophobic and exhibited a water contact angle of >75º. Similar to macro-cellulose papers, the pristine cellulose nanofiber film absorbed water and tore easily. The parylene-coated film was not permeable to water. However, the coating did not yield a significant improvement in the mechanical properties or light transmittance. We also investigated the change in surface morphology by the parylene coating. The parylene-coated film has great potential as a food packaging film owing to its improved oxygen barrier and water resistance characteristics.

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Aulin, Christian, Göran Flodberg, Göran Ström, and Tom Lindström. "Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 37, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0061.

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Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are mixed with plasticizers; sorbitol and glycerol, through high-pressure homogenization to prepare multifunctional biohybrid films. The resulting plasticized films obtained after solvent evaporation are strong, flexible and demonstrate superior toughness and optical transparency. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials. The sorbitol-plasticized CNF films possess excellent oxygen barrier properties, 0.34 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa at 50 % relative humidity, while significantly enhancing the toughness and fracture strength of the films. CNF films plasticized by 20 wt.% of sorbitol and glycerol could before rupture, be strained to about 9 % and 12 %, respectively. The toughness of the plasticized films increased by ca. 300 % compared to the pristine CNF film. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier properties of the biohybrid films were also preserved by the addition of sorbitol. CNF films plasticized with sorbitol was demonstrated to simultaneously enhance fracture toughness, work of fracture, softening behavior while preserving gas barrier properties. Highly favorable thermomechanical characteristics were found with CNF/sorbitol combinations and motivate further work on this material system, for instance as a thermoformable matrix in biocomposite materials. The unique combination of excellent oxygen barrier behavior, formability and optical transparency suggest the potential of these CNF-based films as an alternative in flexible packaging of oxygen sensitive devices like thin-film transistors or organic light-emitting diode displays, gas storage applications and as barrier coatings/laminations in packaging applications, including free-standing films as aluminium-replacement in liquid board and primary packaging, as replacement for polyethylene (PE) in wrapping paper, e. g. sweats and confectionary.

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Wang, Minjun, Shixiong Zhang, Ming Xia, and Mengke Wang. "A Theoretical Study of the Oxygen Release Mechanisms of a Cu-Based Oxygen Carrier during Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030332.

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The Cu-based oxygen carrier is a promising material in the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process, while its performance in the CLOU is significantly dependent on the oxygen release properties. However, the study of oxygen release mechanisms in CLOU is not comprehensive enough. In this work, the detailed oxygen release mechanisms of CuO(110) and CuO(111) are researched at an atomic level using the density functional theory (DFT) method, including the formation of O2, the desorption of O2 and the diffusion of O anion, as well as the analysis of the density of states. The results show that (1) the most favorable pathway for O2 formation and desorption occurs on the CuO(110) surface of O-terminated with energy barriers of 1.89 eV and 3.22 eV, respectively; (2) the most favorable pathway for O anion diffusion occurs in the CuO(110) slab with the lowest energy barrier of 0.24 eV; and (3) the total density of states for the O atoms in the CuO(110) slab shifts to a lower energy after an O vacancy formation. All of the above results clearly demonstrate that the CuO(110) surface plays a significantly important role in the oxygen release reaction, and the oxygen vacancy defect should be conducive to the reactivity of oxygen release in a Cu-based oxygen carrier.

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32

Cherpinski, Adriane, Piotr Szewczyk, Adam Gruszczyński, Urszula Stachewicz, and Jose Lagaron. "Oxygen-Scavenging Multilayered Biopapers Containing Palladium Nanoparticles Obtained by the Electrospinning Coating Technique." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020262.

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The main goal of this study was to obtain, for the first time, highly efficient water barrier and oxygen-scavenging multilayered electrospun biopaper coatings of biodegradable polymers over conventional cellulose paper, using the electrospinning coating technique. In order to do so, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer-containing palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were electrospun over paper, and the morphology, thermal properties, water vapor barrier, and oxygen absorption properties of nanocomposites and multilayers were investigated. In order to reduce the porosity, and to enhance the barrier properties and interlayer adhesion, the biopapers were annealed after electrospinning. A previous study showed that electrospun PHB-containing PdNP did show significant oxygen scavenging capacity, but this was strongly reduced after annealing, a process that is necessary to form a continuous film with the water barrier. The results in the current work indicate that the PdNP were better dispersed and distributed in the PCL matrix, as suggested by focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) experiments, and that the Pd enhanced, to some extent, the onset of PCL degradation. More importantly, the PCL/PdNP nanobiopaper exhibited much higher oxygen scavenging capacity than the homologous PHB/PdNP, due to most likely, the higher oxygen permeability of the PCL polymer and the somewhat higher dispersion of the Pd. The passive and active multilayered biopapers developed here may be of significant relevance to put forward the next generation of fully biodegradable barrier papers of interest in, for instance, food packaging.

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33

Maldonado-Magnere, Santiago, Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram, Héctor Aguilar-Bolados, and Raul Quijada. "Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Barrier Properties." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010085.

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This work consists of studying the influence of two thermally reduced graphene oxides (TRGOs), containing oxygen levels of 15.8% and 8.9%, as fillers on the barrier properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites prepared by melt-mixing processes. The oxygen contents of the TRGOs were obtained by carrying out the thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 600 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The presence and contents of oxygen in the TRGO samples were determined by XPS and their structural differences were determined by using X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. In spite of the decrease of the elongation at break of the nanocomposites, the Young modulus was increased by up to 320% with the addition of TRGO. The barrier properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced as was evidenced by the decrease of the permeability to oxygen, which reached levels as low as −46.1%.

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34

H. Tayeb, Ali, Mehdi Tajvidi, and Douglas Bousfield. "Enhancing the Oxygen Barrier Properties of Nanocellulose at High Humidity: Numerical and Experimental Assessment." Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1030014.

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Films formed from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are known to be good barrier materials against oxygen, but they lose this feature once placed in humid conditions. To tackle this issue, we applied an optimized pressing condition under elevated temperature to increase the films’ density and improve their barrier performance. Furthermore, a water barrier coating was employed on the surfaces to control the moisture uptake at high relative humidity (RH). Neat self-standing films of CNF with the basis weight of 70 g/m2 were made through a filtration technique and pressed for 1 hour at 130 °C. The resulting nanostructures were covered on both sides using a water-borne barrier layer. Hot-pressing resulted in a significant reduction in oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values, from 516.7 to 3.6 (cm3/(m2·day)) and to some degree, helped preserve the reduced oxygen transmission at high relative humidity. Introducing 35 g/m2 of latex coating layer on both sides limited the films’ swelling at 90% RH for about 4 h and maintained the OTR at the same level. A finite element model was used to predict the dynamic uptake of water into the systems. The model was found to over-predict the rate of water uptake for uncoated samples but gave the correct order of magnitude results for samples that were coated. The obtained data confirmed the positive effect of hot-pressing combined with coating to produce a film with low oxygen transmission rate and potential to maintain its oxygen barrier feature at high relative humidity.

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35

Zhu, Li Jing, Jia Jun Wang, Li Guo, and Jie Shen. "Study on the Preparation and Properties of the PVA/SiO₂ Hybrid Coating on BOPP Film via Sol-Gel Process." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1956.

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In order to improve the barrier property of the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, the PVA/SiO2organic-inorganic hybrid coating on BOPP film was prepared by the sol–gel method. And the structure and properties of the hybrid composite films were characterized. The results showed that, the oxygen barrier property of the composite films was enhanced with the increase of PVA content, while the water vapor barrier property of the composite films was dropped. As the mass ratio of PVA increased to 80%, the oxygen barrier property of the composite films was 308 times that of the pure BOPP film, however, water vapor barrier character was half of the BOPP film.

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36

Uchiyama, Takayuki, Takashi Sano, Yoshiko Okada-Shudo, and Varun Vohra. "Durable organic solar cells produced by in situ encapsulation of an air-sensitive natural organic semiconductor by the fullerene derivative and the metal oxide layer." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 21 (2020): 7162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00379d.

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37

Figueroa-Lopez, Kelly J., Cristina Prieto, Maria Pardo-Figuerez, Luis Cabedo, and Jose M. Lagaron. "Development and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopapers Containing Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Active Food Packaging Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050823.

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Food quality is mainly affected by oxygen through oxidative reactions and the proliferation of microorganisms, generating changes in its taste, odor, and color. The work presented here describes the generation and further characterization of films with active oxygen scavenging properties made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) loaded with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) obtained by electrospinning coupled to a subsequent annealing process, which could be used as coating or interlayer in a multilayer concept for food packaging applications. The aim of this work is to explore the capacities of these novel biopolymeric composites in terms of O2 scavenging capacity, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties. To obtain such biopapers, different ratios of CeO2NPs were incorporated into a PHBV solution with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. The produced films were analyzed in terms of antioxidant, thermal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, optical, morphological and barrier properties, and oxygen scavenging activity. According to the results, the nanofiller showed some reduction of the thermal stability of the biopolyester but exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In terms of passive barrier properties, the CeO2NPs decreased the permeability to water vapor but increased the limonene and oxygen permeability of the biopolymer matrix slightly. Nevertheless, the oxygen scavenging activity of the nanocomposites showed significant results and improved further by incorporating the surfactant CTAB. The PHBV nanocomposite biopapers developed in this study appear as very interesting constituents for the potential design of new active organic recyclable packaging materials.

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38

Wang, Jinwu, Douglas J. Gardner, Nicole M. Stark, Douglas W. Bousfield, Mehdi Tajvidi, and Zhiyong Cai. "Moisture and Oxygen Barrier Properties of Cellulose Nanomaterial-Based Films." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03523.

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39

Triantafyllidis, Kostas S., Peter C. LeBaron, In Park, and Thomas J. Pinnavaia. "Epoxy−Clay Fabric Film Composites with Unprecedented Oxygen-Barrier Properties." Chemistry of Materials 18, no. 18 (September 2006): 4393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm060825t.

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40

Miller, K. S., and J. M. Krochta. "Oxygen and aroma barrier properties of edible films: A review." Trends in Food Science & Technology 8, no. 7 (July 1997): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(97)01051-0.

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41

Vertsimakha, Ya, and A. Verbitsky. "Oxygen effect on photovoltaic properties of pentacene-based barrier structures." Synthetic Metals 109, no. 1-3 (March 2000): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00248-9.

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42

Yourdkhani, Mostafa, Tahereh Mousavand, Nathalie Chapleau, and Pascal Hubert. "Thermal, oxygen barrier and mechanical properties of polylactide–organoclay nanocomposites." Composites Science and Technology 82 (June 2013): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.03.015.

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43

Lange, Sven, Tõnis Arroval, Rando Saar, Ilmar Kink, Jaan Aarik, and Andres Krumme. "Oxygen Barrier Properties of Al2O3- and TiO2-coated LDPE Films." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 54, no. 3 (January 22, 2015): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2014.977426.

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44

Uysal Unalan, Ilke, Derya Boyacı, Silvia Trabattoni, Silvia Tavazzi, and Stefano Farris. "Transparent Pullulan/Mica Nanocomposite Coatings with Outstanding Oxygen Barrier Properties." Nanomaterials 7, no. 9 (September 19, 2017): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7090281.

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45

Zhong, Yang, Dustin Janes, Yong Zheng, Max Hetzer, and Daniel De Kee. "Mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of organoclay-polyethylene nanocomposite films." Polymer Engineering & Science 47, no. 7 (2007): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20792.

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46

Jung, Bich-Nam, Hyun-Wook Jung, Dong-Ho Kang, Gi-Hong Kim, and Jin-Kie Shim. "A Study on the Oxygen Permeability Behavior of Nanoclay in a Polypropylene/Nanoclay Nanocomposite by Biaxial Stretching." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162760.

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Polypropylene (PP) has poor oxygen barrier properties, therefore it is manufactured in a multi-layer structure with other plastics and metals, and has been widely used as a packaging material in various industries from food and beverage to pharmaceuticals. However, multi-layered packaging materials are generally low in recyclability and cause serious environmental pollution, therefore we have faced the challenge of improving the oxygen barrier performance as a uni-material. In this work, PP/nanoclay nanocomposites were prepared at nanoclay contents ranging from 0.8 to 6.4 wt% by the biaxial stretching method, performed through a sequential stretching method. It was observed that, as the draw ratio increased, the behavior of the agglomerates of the nanoclay located in the PP matrix changed and the nanoclay was dispersed along the second stretching direction. Oxygen barrier properties of PP/nanoclay nanocomposites are clearly improved due to this dispersion effect. As the biaxial stretching ratio and the content of nanoclay increased, the oxygen permeability value of the PP/nanoclay nanocomposite decreased to 43.5 cc·mm/m2·day·atm, which was reduced by about 64% compared to PP. Moreover, even when the relative humidity was increased from 0% to 90%, the oxygen permeability values remained almost the same without quality deterioration. Besides these properties, we also found that the mechanical and thermal properties were also improved. The biaxially-stretched PP/nanoclay nanocomposite fabricated in this study is a potential candidate for the replacement of the multi-layered packaging material used in the packaging fields.

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47

Chen, Xunjun, Shufang Wu, Minghao Yi, Jianfang Ge, Guoqiang Yin, and Xinming Li. "Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Blend Films of Feather Keratin and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Compatibilized by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane." Polymers 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101054.

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Blend films of feather keratin (FK) and synthetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) that were compatibilized by tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) were successfully prepared by a solution-casting method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that a phase separation occurred in the FK/PVA/Tris blended system. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the main interactions between the three components were hydrogen bonds. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the FK/PVA/Tris blend films were partially crystalline. The barrier properties, mechanical properties, and contact angles of the FK/PVA/Tris films were investigated to determine the effects of the PVA and Tris concentrations. More specifically, upon increasing the PVA content, the elongation at break, the hydrophilicity, and the oxygen barrier properties were enhanced. However, at a constant PVA content, an increase in the Tris content caused the oxygen permeability and the contact angle to decrease, while the tensile strength, elongation at break, and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced. These results indicated that the mechanical properties and gas resistance of the FK/PVA/Tris blend films could be successfully improved using the method described herein, confirming that this route provided a convenient and promising means to prepare FK plastics for practical applications.

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48

Kamrit, Pitakpong, Manus Seadan, and Supakij Suttiruengwong. "Barrier and Seal Properties of Reactive Blending of Poly(butylene succinate) Based Blends." Suan Sunandha Science and Technology Journal 9, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53848/ssstj.v9i2.231.

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Poly Butylene Succinate (PBS) is one of the biodegradable polymers with good physical properties but its barrier properties such as the oxygen barrier are poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the barrier and seal properties of PBS by blending with biodegradable poly hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). PBS and PHBV (80/20 and 70/30 %w/w) with and without reactive agents were prepared using an internal mixer. Film specimens of 100 micrometers in thickness were prepared using compression molding. The morphology, barrier properties and peel-seal strength were investigated. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed an improved dispersion of PHBV in the blends after adding the reactive agents. The oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier were determined using ASTM D3985 and ASTM E96, respectively. The results showed that the addition of PHBV into the blend films led to lower OTR and WVTR when compared to the neat PBS. The addition of reactive agents can further improve the OTR and WVTR of PBS/PHBV blends due to the compact and dense structure of the films. Peel–seal behavior of the films was examined by the different sealing temperatures, which determined the failure mechanism after peeling. The blend films with reactive agents after sealing temperature between 105 and 115°C were peeled from the substrate with adhesive and cohesive failures showing the easy peel mode.

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Melendez-Rodriguez, Beatriz, Sergio Torres-Giner, Inmaculada Angulo, Maria Pardo-Figuerez, Loïc Hilliou, Jose Manuel Escuin, Luis Cabedo, Yuval Nevo, Cristina Prieto, and Jose Maria Lagaron. "High-Oxygen-Barrier Multilayer Films Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Cellulose Nanocrystals." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061443.

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This study reports on the development and characterization of organic recyclable high-oxygen-barrier multilayer films based on different commercial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) materials, including a blend with commercial poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which contained an inner layer of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and an electrospun hot-tack adhesive layer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) derived from cheese whey (CW). As a result, the full multilayer structures were made from bio-based and/or compostable materials. A characterization of the produced films was carried out in terms of morphological, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties with respect to water vapor, limonene, and oxygen. Results indicate that the multilayer films exhibited a good interlayer adhesion and contact transparency. The stiffness of the multilayers was generally improved upon incorporation of the CNC interlayer, whereas the enhanced elasticity of the blend was reduced to some extent in the multilayer with CNCs, but this was still much higher than for the neat PHAs. In terms of barrier properties, it was found that 1 µm of the CNC interlayer was able to reduce the oxygen permeance between 71% and 86%, while retaining the moisture and aroma barrier of the control materials.

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Ma, Xiu Feng, Mo Chen, Kai Meng, and Fei Fei Li. "Effect of Temperature on Barrier Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Films." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.270.

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The influence of temperature on oxygen and water vapour permeation in cast soy protein isolate (SPI) films was investigated at the range of 10–40° C at 50% relative humidity. At tested temperatures, the SPI films exhibited transmission rate values of 22.48–150.90 g m−2day−1and 5.67–67.48 cm3m−2day−1for water vapour and O2, respectively. The results indicated that the relationship between temperature and the oxygen/water vapour transmission rate of the SPI films followed an exponential grow curve [y=A*exp(x/B) + C]. Furthermore, the activation energy (Ea) value of the O2permeation process was calculated by fitting the Arrhenius model to the experimental data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxygen barrier propertie'

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