Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxydes de carbon'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Oxydes de carbon.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Fellenberg, Ana Katiuce. "Nanoconfinement pour la synthèse de molécules plateforme à partir des oxydes de carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR069.
Full textEnergy and environmental impacts drove the industrial processes. A sustainable route to produce fuels starts using biomass as raw material. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a promising alternative way for conversion of renewable feedstocks to chemicals and fuels. Even FT synthesis is considered a well-established technology, there are chemistry fundamentals to be better and deeply understood. Besides, the FT process depends strongly on the catalyst performance. The utilization and transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals have been of global interest, from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. One example of CO2 conversion to a useful liquid hydrocarbon is hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH). The state-of-the-art hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid is produced over homogeneous catalysts. However, there are a few works showing that highly dispersed supported metal catalysts are able to carry out this reaction. The high activity of these catalysts could be assigned to their ability to stabilize the active metal in a state of single-metal atoms or heterogenized metal complexes, which may demonstrate a higher activity than metal atoms on the surface of metal nanoparticles.In this work we have considered two different confined spaces of carbon-based materials, CNTs and COFs, and evaluated the nanoconfinement of iron, copper and ruthenium active species for CO and CO2 hydrogenation reactions to produce value-added chemicals and platform molecules.In the iron catalysts for FT synthesis supported by carbon nanotubes, the active phase was nanoconfined inside the channels or localized on the outer surface. In most of previous work, the distribution of metal nanoparticles inside or outside carbon nanotubes is considered to be immobile during the catalyst activation or catalytic reaction. In this work, we uncovered remarkable mobility of both iron and copper species in the bimetallic catalysts between inner carbon nanotube channels and outer surface, which occurs in carbon monoxide and syngas, while almost no migration of iron species proceeds in the monometallic catalysts. This mobility is enhanced by noticeable fragility and defects in carbon nanotubes, which appear on their impregnation with the acid solutions of metal precursors and precursor decomposition. Remarkable mobility of iron and copper species in bimetallic catalysts affects the genesis of iron active sites, and enhances interaction of iron with the promoter. In the bimetallic iron-copper catalysts, the major increase in the activity was attributed to higher reaction turnover frequency over iron surface sites located in a close proximity with copper.For CO2 hydrgentaion to formic acid, we propose a strategy based on COF materials with different structures and chemical compositions for mediation of ruthenium dispersion and design of efficient catalysts for low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. Operando characterization combined with catalytic tests revealed that the density of nitrogen functional groups in the COF matrix was the key factor affecting the dispersion and performance of COF-supported ruthenium catalysts. The catalyst performance primarily arises from ruthenium capability to persist as single atoms in specific sites and resist its reduction to the metallic state. The proposed strategy for mediating metal dispersion can be extended to develop a variety of COF-supported single-atom catalysts for different reactions
Siegert, Benny. "Filling of carbon nanotubes for the preparation of nano-energetic formulations." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/SIEGERT_Benny_2010.pdf.
Full textNanothermites are versatile pyrotechnic systems composed of an oxidizer, such as a metal oxide, and a fuel, such as aluminum. However, their sensitivity to mechanical stress (especially friction) and electrostatic discharges, which is often very high, restricts their practical use. Enclosing the metal oxide inside carbon nanotubes (CNT) – thus separating oxidizer and fuel – is a new way to lower the sensitivity of a nanothermite. In this work, we filled different types of CNT with manganese oxides MnOx (1. 6 < x < 2. 0), chromium(III) oxide, vanadium(IV) and (V) oxide and copper(II) oxide. Different methods for the infiltration of the precursor salts (solution infiltration, molten salt, reactive infiltration) have been used. Before the infiltration, the tubes were opened and/or functionalized with oxygenated functional groups by oxidation; the oxidation kinetics were investigated, and different oxidation methods (nitric acid, air oxidation, filling with molten KOH) were compared. The resulting nanocomposites are used to prepare reduced-sensitivity nanothermites, in which the oxidizer is replaced by the metal oxide filled CNTs. Compared to reference formulations without the addition of CNTs, the electrostatic discharge sensitivity of these compositions is decreased by several orders of magnitude, and they are completely insensitive to friction stress. The combustion of the reduced-sensitivity nanothermites is much slower than the one of the reference formulations. Analysis of the combustion residues indicates that aluminum carbide was formed as a secondary combustion product. This work shows a new route for the design of safer pyrotechnic systems
Schlienger, Sébastien. "Nouvelles voies de synthèses de carbones et céramiques non-oxydes à porosités contrôlées." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH5991.
Full textNanoporous materials (meso-and / or micro-porous) target applications in relation to the adsorption phenomena such as catalysis, waste removal, gas or energy storage.... Recently, various types of syntheses have been developed to control the porosity and adapted to applications: direct route synthesis, nanocasting process, reactive templating. For most of them, they are used for the preparation of meso-and micro-porous oxide materials. The objective of this thesis was therefore to extend these methods to a wider range of materials in chemical composition, while keeping control of the porosity. Indeed, the porous oxides have a limited scope because, for example, their maximum operating temperature, their fragility under certain atmospheres or in some cases, their adsorption properties, are unsuitable. To reduce these limitations, we searched to extend the range of chemical composition of porous materials in the non-oxide field (carbon, nitride ceramics,...) while controlling their porosity. For this, different approaches were used. The first approach consisted to study formation mechanism of mesostructured carbon materials obtained directly by the self-assembly of a surfactant and a polymer carbon precursor. We were then able to determine the relevant parameters to control syntheses reproducibility taking place both in aqueous phase and by solvent evaporation. Analogies with the formation mechanisms of siliceous materials have been identified. With a better understanding of the formation mechanisms, we declined in a second time this method of direct synthesis to other materials by varying the nature of the precursors. Thus, a "green" synthesis of a carbonaceous material with ordered mesoporosity was developed in the absence of all toxic reagents such as formaldehyde and phenol, by using a natural precursor, the mimosa tannin. [...]
Alouche, Adel. "Propriétés du nickel déposé sur oxydes de terre rare dans la réaction de conversion d'oxydes de carbone." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2260.
Full textBobin, Alexey. "Methane reforming by carbon dioxide over metal supported on nanocrystalline mixed oxides : mechanism and transient kinetics for relating catalysts structure and performance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10164/document.
Full textOxygen bonding strength, mobility and reactivity in nanocrystalline Ln-doped ceria-zirconia (Ln=La, Gd, Pr, Sm) with supported Pt, Ni, Ru were studied by state-of-the-art techniques such as isotopic exchange in static and flow reactors with 18O2 and C18O2, O2 TPD, H2 and CH4 TPR, pulse microcalorimetry and TAP reactor. Bulk oxygen mobility is found controlled by a rearrangement of Ce and Zr cations coordination sphere with doping as well as by fast oxygen migration along Pr3+/Pr4+ cationic chains. Surface and near-surface oxygen mobility appears controlled by a strong metal-support interaction with incorporation of metallic ions into surface layers and domain boundaries. In realistic feeds, the catalytic activity in dry reforming of methane correlates with oxygen mobility, required to prevent coking and metal sintering.Transient kinetic studies (non steady-state and SSITKA) allowed us to propose a bi-functional reaction mechanism corresponding to independent redox steps of CH4 and CO2 activation. The rate- limiting step is shown to be the irreversible activation of CH4 on metal sites, while CO2 dissociation on reduced sites of oxide supports proceeds much faster (being reversible for the steady-state surface) followed by a fast oxygen transfer along the surface/domain boundaries to metal sites where CH4 molecules are transformed to CO and H2. The CH4 selective conversion into syngas would involve strongly bound bridging oxygen species with heat of desorption ::600-650 kJ/mol O2. For optimized formulations, Ni+Ru clusters could be involved in CO2 activation via facilitating C-O bond breaking in the transition state, thus increasing the rate constant of the surface reoxidation by CO2, while strongly bound carbonates behave as spectators. For Pt/PrCeZrO, an additional fast route to syngas would occur on Pt ions with participation of weakly bound carbonates stabilized by neighboring Pr4+ ions. Such specificity makes this system highly promising for methane oxi-dry reforming, especially on structured corundum supports for short contact time compact reactors, well adapted to stranded and limited gas resources
Mery, Adrien. "Oxydes de manganèse et ses composites à base de nanotubes de carbone ou de graphène pour la réalisation de supercondensateurs." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4018/document.
Full textThe work realized in this thesis focused on the synthesis of manganese oxides and their assembly in composites with carbon materials (CNT, graphene) for supercapacitor applications in aqueous media. Physico-chemical and electrochemical characterizations were conducted to evaluate the effect of the nanostruturation. It was found that nanocomposites MnO2/CNT and MnO2/ reduced graphene oxide contributed to improve the electrochemical performances in aqueous media. Several compositions Mn/C were tested to estimate the best ratio for optimized electrode materials. In order to maximize the energy of the devices, asymmetric devices in aqueous media were assembled using graphene as negative electrode and nanocomposites for positive. Clear improvements in term of energy and power densities were obtained with these systems working at 2 volts in aqueous media
Chambon, Cébastien. "Densification et homogénéisation U/Pu au cours du frittage de combustibles oxydes mixtes élaborés à partir de poudres UO2, U3O8 et PuO2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0847.
Full textIn order to manufacture mixed-oxide fuels, also known as MOX ((U,Pu)O2) for the next generation of nuclear reactors, the use of triuranium octoxide (U3O8) was considered in this study. This PhD work focuses on the impact of this addition on MOX sintering and on the dimensional stability of sintered pellets during annealing. Initial experiments revealed a de-densification phenomenon at high temperature in the pellets containing U3O8 synthesized from an oxalic route.This undesirable phenomenon was studied on an inactive surrogate: a cerium oxide synthesized from an oxalic route in order to develop experimental techniques and protocols. The relationship between the presence of carbon impurities in the powders and the de-densification phenomenon was proven. Moreover, this de-densification phenomenon was observed in situ for the first time by using X-ray microtomography during sintering.The study of MOX fuels confirmed the major role of carbon impurities. The microstructural evolutions, the quantification of the carbon species released during sintering and the analysis of gases trapped inside the porosity of the sintered material led to the determination of a de-densification mechanism. Finally, a thermomechanical modelling of the fuel behavior under the effect of pore pressurization allows consolidating the proposed mechanism. Based on these results, a new sintering cycle was proposed and the first trials successfully limited the impact of the de-densification phenomenon
Genty, Éric. "Synthèse par méthodes conventionnelles ou non d'oxydes mixtes par voie hydrotalcite : Application pour l'oxydation des COV et du CO." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0412.
Full textCatalytic oxidation is one of the promising technologies to reduce VOC emissions. The objective of this work was to develop active, selective and stable catalyst for the destruction of VOC. In order to find an alternative to the use of noble metals based catalysts, this research has been focused on the synthesis of materials based on transition metal oxides. The various mixed oxides were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques including XRD, Thermal Analysis, H2-TPR, TEM, XPS...Initially, a study on the preparation of mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite-like precursors was conducted. Thus, it was shown that the mixed oxide containing cobalt and aluminum exhibited interesting for catalytic activity for the toluene aznd carbon monoxide total oxidation. To improve this mixed oxide, a study of the influence of non-conventional methods for the preparation of the precursor was performed. The microwave and ultrasound have been used in these syntheses. The various mixed oxides thus prepared were tested in the oxidation reactions of CO and toluene. In this application, a beneficial effectvof the use of microwaves in the synthesis was observed. Thirdly, a study of the incorporation of cerium in the hydrotalcite structure was conducted. Mixed oxides of CoAlCe show interest for the total oxidation of toluene catalytic activity. Moreover, a relationship between the reductibility and the catalytic activity has been demonstrated. A comparison of the best catalysts of this study and catalysts of noble metals business was discussed. The kinetic study of the complete oxidation of toluene showed that in the case of mixed oxides CoAlCe and CoAl, a mechanism of March Van Krevelen type described the reaction
Ryabova, Anna. "Électrocatalyse de la réduction de l'oxygène et du peroxyde d'hydrogène sur les oxydes de manganèse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF011/document.
Full textManganese oxides are of great interest due to their catalytic activity towards the ORR (the oxygen reduction reaction) in alkaline media and can be used as noble metal-free materials for the cathode in liquid and polymer electrolyte alkaline fuel cells. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity of manganese oxides. It was shown that Mn2O3 with bixbyite structure has a better catalytic activity toward the ORR in alkaline media than other investigated manganese oxide, the surface activity of Mn2O3 is only 4 times lower than that of Pt at an overvoltage of 0.3 V (RHE). The link between the structure of Mn oxides and the ORR activity is found: the specific ORR activity exponentially increases with the potential of the surface Mn(III)/Mn(IV) red-ox couple. To ensure the high electrocatalytic activity of Mn2O3, it is necessary to add carbon to the electrode composition, as well as to keep potential above 0.7 V (RHE)
Dib, Hadi. "Traitement catalytique des émissions issues de la combustion de la biomasse." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/These_DIB_Hadi.pdf.
Full textBiomass burning, in particular wood, is an attractive alternative to the utilization of fossil fuels for energy supply, as it is renewable and does contribute to any additional CO₂ emission into atmospher. However, it is known that heating appliances using biomass generate large amounts of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) during the combustion cycle. A catalytic post-treatment is one of the most promising technologies to limit the emissions of these pollutants. This project aims to develop active and selective catalytic materials with enhanced redox properties in order to achieve the total oxidation of VOCs and CO at low temperature. Noble metals based catalysts are considered as good candidates for such types of reactions. However, these catalysts are very expensive for adaptation to domestic heating device. The objective of our work is focused on the synthesis and development of innovative and cheaper catalytic materials composed of transition metal oxides that could be used as alternatives to noble metal catalysts. In order to obtain efficient oxides, the hydrotelcite route was chosen for the synthesis of the catalysts. The beneficial effect of adding cerium to MgAl-O and CuAl-O oxides towards the oxidation of toluene and/or CO was demonstrated. A relationship between the reducibility and activity of these solids for these reactions has been also identified. For MgAlCe-O catalysts, a beneficial effect on the conversion of toluene in presence of CO was observed. Indeed, the temperature of toluene oxidation was shifted at lower temperatures in presence of CO. In contrary, no effect on toluene conversion was observed for the CuAlCe-O materials. However, a significant effect on the conversion of CO in presence of toluene was revealed. Briefly, a CuAlCe-O type oxide with high activity and stability has been synthesized for the destruction of VOCs and CO mixtures. In addition, the advantage of using the hydrotalcite route to synthesize these CuAlCe-O oxides has been verified by comparison with other synthetic routes. The high activity of the CuAlCe-O catalyst can be attributed to the synergic effect between copper and cerium elements
Kennel, Claire. "Mesures expérimentales et modélisation de la formation des oxydes d'azote dans les flammes d'hydrocarbures dopées à l'amoniac." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES001.
Full textGonzaga, de Resende Valdirene. "Synthesis and characterization of Fe-containing oxide powders and carbon nanotube-Fe-oxide nanocomposites." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/493/.
Full textCarbon nanotubes (CNT), very small, hollow and monodimensional, are one of the most widely investigated nanomaterial because they show excellent thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. The goals of this thesis were firstly to prepare Fe/Al2O3 solid solution powders and foams and Fe/ Al6Si2O13 powders and to use them as catalytic materials for the synthesis of CNT-Fe-oxyde nanocomposites, and secondly to perform a profound investigation of all the materials by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and to correlate the results with those obtained by other techniques with the aim to obtain information on the formation of the CNT, thermal stability, and surface composition of the nanocomposites. The value of applying the Mössbauer spectroscopy technique is that the identification and quantification of the various Fe-containing phases can be performed precisely. Moreover, this technique has the advantage of determining the oxidation state of iron and thus, the reduction rate of the starting solid solution(s). The combination of the Integral Low-Energy Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy with transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy has yielded many information concerning the understanding of the relationship between the starting catalytic material, the location of the reduced iron species (a-Fe, Fe3C and gamma-Fe-C) in the nanocomposites and the CNT. Earlier hypotheses, into how these species may be connected to the formation of the CNT, were refined: it was shown that gamma-Fe-C particles are not obviously very small-sized nanometric particles and that the species active for the formation of CNT are not always detected as Fe3C
Nemiche, Ali. "Contribution a la synthese catalytique du methanol a partir de gaz issu de biomasse : optimisation de la conversion des oxydes de carbone." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2272.
Full textIablokov, Viacheslav. "Manganese and cobalt oxides as highly active catalysts for CO oxidation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209847.
Full textDe l’oxyde de manganèse non-stœchiométrique (MnOx) a été préparé par décomposition spinodale d’oxalate de manganèse trihydraté en ayant recours à la technique d’oxydation programmée en température (TPO). Tant l’analyse quantitative relatives à ces données TPO que les résultats obtenus par spectroscopie de structure au front d’absorption des rayons X (XANES), ainsi que par spectroscopie des photoélectrons X (XPS) ont permis d’estimer la stœchiométrie de l’oxyde avec un x situé entre 1.61 et 1.67. En accord avec à la fois la surface spécifique élevée et la combinaison d’isothermes d’adsorption/désorption de type I et IV, la microscopie électronique à transmission à haute résolution (HRTEM) démontre la présence de micro-bâtonnets caractéristiques et « imbriqués » les uns dans les autres, accompagné de particules nanocristalline à l’extrémité de ces bâtonnets.
Les découvertes faites par spectroscopie infra-rouge de réflexion diffuse par transformée de Fourier (DRIFTS), par études isotopiques et cinétiques suggère que l’adsorption des deux molécules, CO et O2, est suivie par leur réaction en surface via des intermédiaires de type carbonate/formate, pour finalement produire du CO2. Nous supposons un mécanisme de type Mars-van Krevelen où l’oxygène appartenant à la structure de type MnOx prend part dans l’oxydation catalytique du CO à basse température. Cependant, ces espèces mobiles d’oxygènes ne faisaient pas partie du cœur de phase du réseau d’oxyde, et de ce fait, ont été capables de « sauter » sur la surface et approvisionner les espèces oxygénées nécessaires à l’oxydation du CO déjà adsorbé.
Une structure spinelle d’oxyde de cobalt Co3O4 dans lequel le cobalt présente deux états de valence (+2 et +3) a été choisie pour élucider l’effet de la taille des particules sur l’activité lors de la réaction d’oxydation du CO. Tout d’abord, des nanoparticules monodispersées de cobalt métallique présentant une déviation standard en taille inférieure à 8% ont été synthétisées à partir de carbonyle de cobalt (Co2(CO)8) par une méthode optimisée «d’injection chaude». Un contrôle de la taille des nanoparticules dans la gamme 3 à 11 nm a pu être obtenu en variant la température d’injection du carbonyle de cobalt dans une solution de dichlorobenzène et d’acide oléique. La microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM) nous montre que ces particules de cobalt sont quasiment hémisphériques. Ensuite, de la silice poreuse (de type MCF-17) a été imprégnée par des nanoparticules de cobalt, et ensuite activée par TPO menant à des nanoparticules d’oxyde de cobalt. Des études par diffraction des rayons X (XRD) et spectroscopie des photoélectrons X (XPS) ont démontré la structure spinelle Co3O4. Finalement, l’activité des catalyseurs obtenus vis-à-vis de l’oxydation du monoxyde de carbone fut mesurée à 423 K et ce en fonction de la taille des particules. Les particules de Co3O4 présentant une taille allant de 5 à 8 nm se sont révélées les plus actives. Ceci peut s’expliquer par une plus grande mobilité des atomes d’oxygène en surface des nanoparticules d’oxyde de cobalt.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dias, Probst Luiz Fernando. "Etude de la conversion des oxydes de carbone en hydrocarbures et en alcools en présence de catalyseurs au Nickel et Molybdène supportés." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2297.
Full textFilimonenkov, Ivan. "Electrocatalyse de la réduction de l’oxygène et de l’oxydation de l’eau par des oxydes de métaux de transition : cas des pérovskites de Mn et Co." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF072.
Full textA study of electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions is closely related with a development of cathodic and anodic materials for fuel cells and elec-trolyzers. An objective of this thesis is to develop and investigate Mn, Co-oxide-based elec-trode materials active and stable in both the ORR and OER. Relationships between electro-chemical characteristics of perovskite/carbon compositions and properties of their compo-nents are stated and experimentally substantiated in the thesis. It is found a corrosion re-sistance of carbon materials under OER conditions is influenced not only by their crystalline order, but also by their intrinsic OER activity. It is shown the ORR and OER activity of Mn, Co-based perovskites linearly depends on the number of rechargeable Mn and Co cations, respectively. It is revealed a reversible oxygen intercalation through a crystal structure of Co-based perovskites occurs under OER conditions as well as at lower potentials
Anguile, Jean-Jacques. "Ceramiques du systeme ln-si-o-n : influence du carbone sur les melanges oxydes de terres rares-nitrure de silicium traites a haute temperature." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13048.
Full textBoisset, Aurelien. "Electrolytes pour supercondensateurs asymétriques à base de MnO2." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4038/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the performances of asymmetric supercapacitors based on manganese dioxide (birnessite) and activated carbon electrode materials using various electrolytes. From this work, it appears that neutral aqueous electrolytes containing inorganic salts have the best electrochemical performances. Furthermore, the nature and the structure of both ions (cations and anions) in solution seem to impact strongly the electrochemical performances of the supercapacitors, as well as, the MnO2’s structure stability and affinity. In the case of aqueous-based electrolyte, a device degradation mechanism has been proposed as a function of salt ions structure and nature to further understand the supercapacitor’s life-cycling when a large potential window is applied. Some novel synthesis ways and/or modifications were investigated to further improve the electrochemical properties of MnO2 material. Additionaly, original non-aqueous electrolytes has been also formulated and then characterized, particularly the ‘Deep Eutectic’ Solvents, based on the N-methylacetamide mixed with a lithium salt. However, these electrolytes don’t have a good affinity with manganese oxide-based materials. Interestingly, these Deep Eutectic Solvents show good cycling results with activated carbon. In fact, these electrolytes seem to be promising for high temperature energy storage applications, especially using activated carbon or insertion electrode material like the lithium ferrophosphate
Baudouin, David. "Design, préparation et caractérisation de catalyseurs pour le reformage du méthane par le dioxyde de carbone à basse température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10234.
Full textLow temperature dry reforming (LT-DR), < 600 °C, coupled with membrane technology to overcome thermodynamically low conversion, has drawn attention as an alternative approach to industrial 850-950°C operating conditions. The aim of this work has then been to design and develop nickel-based catalysts that are active and stable under LT-DR. In that context, we developed methods to prepare well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles on silica and to modify silica support, addressing detailed characterization at each step with various techniques (H2 & CO2 chemisorption, TPX, TEM, XRD, EXAFS, IR and NMR spectroscopy). We studied the effect of particle size, preparation methods (organometallic, colloidal… approaches), metal dopants and poisons for the support and the nanoparticles on the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst in LT-DR. Overall, we showed that supported Ni particles are indeed good candidate in LT-DR by comparison with noble metals, which are the reference catalysts for the corresponding High-Temperature DR. In particular, small Ni particles supported on lanthanum doped silica surface provided the best performances, while the use of pure lanthanide oxide or mixed oxide supports led to limited activity in Low-temperature DR. Finally, using a colloidal approach to synthesize Ni nanoparticles has proven to be very efficient and versatile, allowing one to deposit nickel particles with remarkable properties on any supports
Tanios, Carole. "Caractérisation, évaluation de la toxicité du biogaz issu de déchets ménagers et valorisation par reformage catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0474/document.
Full textThis work studies the energy recovery of the fermentable fraction of waste. Indeed, organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen and simultaneously produces biogas. One of the emerging technologies is to upgrade CH₄ and CO₂, the two major components of biogas. This is the dry reforming of methane (CH₄ + CO₂ → 2 CO + 2 H₂) (DRM), which is particularly interesting, since it makes possible to produce a synthesis gas with a H₂/CO ratio close to 1, advantageous for several industrial applications, and to get rid of two greenhouse gases. However, due to its endothermic nature, the dry reforming of methane requires the use of a catalyst, to avoid operating at very high temperatures in order to obtain sufficient conversions. Moreover, the dry reforming of methane is accompanied by secondary reactions, some of which lead to the formation of carbon. In this context, efforts have been focused on the development of catalytic systems with good activity and good resistance against carbon deposition. In this work, real biogas samples were analyzed at two biomethanation centers, one in France and the other in Lebanon. Thus, knowing the identity and the quantity of the various compounds, a study of their effect on the efficiency of the catalyst is done. Our results show that the real biogas is composed, besides the major components, CH₄ and CO₂, of NH₃, H₂S, some terpenes ans some VOCs. In addition, mixed oxides of Co, Ni, Mg and Al were prepared using the hydrotalcite route, in order to obtain interesting catalytic properties. The prepared systems were characterized by different physicochemical techniques and tested in the dry reforming of methane. The Co-Ni based system seems to be the best system joining the high activity of nickel with the high resistance of cobalt towards carbon deposition. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of some impurities that exist in biogas quch as volatile organic compounds (toluene) is also a part of this work. Finally, the toxicity of biogas collected from biomethanation centers was evaluated. Human lung cell cultures (BEAS-2B) were thus exposed at the air / liquid interface using the Vitrocell® system. After exposure of the cells, a set of toxicity markers is determined. In this study, the impact of biogas on human health will be evaluated
Pibaleau, Baptiste. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'électrodes VACNT/MnO2 pour application aux supercondensateurs hybrides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4034/document.
Full textThis thesis was focused on the development, optimization and study of composite electrodes of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on an aluminum collector and modified with manganese oxide (MnO₂).VACNT were synthesized by a CVD process at low temperature (580° C) directly on the collector. Perfectly aligned CNT forest with a thickness of 20 to 80 μm were obtained with high densities of 10¹¹ NTC.cm² and whose catalyst (Fe) content is less than 1%. Their modification with MnO₂ increase their electrochemical storage capacity. In order to achiew optimal coating of VACNT by MnO₂, different precursors of the oxide and various methods ( electrochemical, chemical, CVD) were used and optimized. Composites were studied as electrode material for the realization of asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous media. In addition, structurals, morphologicals and electrochemicals analyzes carried out on the different materials allowed a better understanding of the role of the elaboration's conditions on the properties of the VACNT/MnO₂ composites obtained
Taimoor, Aqeel Ahmad. "Biogas valorization for chemical industries via catalytic process." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10243/document.
Full textHydrogen potential from biomass is currently being studied but ways of valorization of such biogas (H2/CO2 mix) via catalytic reaction, other than simply burning has not yet been considered. Thus the main objective of this work is the exploration of such methods. Effect of CO2 over catalytic system was not well known and only hydrogen dissociation inhibition is reported. Toluene hydrogenation over Pt catalyst is studied and activity loss transition behavior is observed with no CO2 where as complete catalyst inactivity for toluene hydrogenation is found in presence of CO2. Catalyst surface change by CO2 is quantified by DRIFT analysis and two-site mechanism is found to prevail. Reverse water gas shift reaction producing CO is found to be the main cause behind such catalyst surface response to CO2. Adsorption competition between CO and carboxylic acids is exploited for selectivity shift in favor of acids conversion. Alumina support is fouled by carbonates complexes with CO2 while silica is reported to promote decomposition, thus both were rejected and titanium oxide is used instead with a range of products produced. The required selectivity shift between reverse water gas shift and acid conversion is thus observed. Less active iron oxide catalyst further suppresses CO2 conversion. Iron oxide surface chemistry plays an important role over product selectivity among ketones and aldehydes. Two sites mechanism still prevails over iron and stable continuous operation requires simultaneous iron reduction via hydrogen, if totally oxidized by CO2–a reaction product, will cease to produce ketones. Energetically the process devised for acetone production is self sufficient and acetone not only act as an energy storage molecule but can also compensate new phenol production process producing no acetone
Neyrolles, Esther. "Caractérisation thermochimique du système C02-N0x-02-H20 sous pression." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3030.
Full textThe sequestration of carbon dioxide fumes from oxy-fuel combustion units is used to reduce significantly the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. Impurities like nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, water and oxygen can cause technical difficulties during the capture, the treatment, the transport and the storage steps of the carbon dioxide fumes. To produce carbon dioxide at specifications required for storage, the flue gas has to be treated. During all the steps of the carbon dioxide purification process, the nitrogen oxides are in the presence of residual oxygen and water in the vapor state or in the aqueous state. Consequently, to design the process, it is important to know the evolution of the composition of the mixture and in particular, the formation of nitric acid and nitrous acid in the aqueous phase and the distribution of the nitrogen oxides in the vapor phase.Air Liquide and the LaTEP are working together on this problematic for several years. The works presented in this manuscript derive from this collaboration. The aim of the thesis is to study on one hand the thermochemical and liquid vapor equilibrium of nitric oxide in the presence of water, carbon dioxide and oxygen and on the other hand the formation of nitrous and nitric acids.In the first part, a bibliography of the studies on CO2-H2O and NOx-H2O systems is made, with a study of the nitric oxide oxidation to nitrogen dioxide. In a second part, the experimental set-up as well as the methods of analysis of the aqueous and the gas phase put in place have been described. Finally, the results obtained are presented and analyzed in the last part of the manuscript. The measurements obtained by the analysis of the aqueous phase and an appropriate reaction mechanism make it possible to estimate the concentration of all the nitrogen oxides present in the aqueous phase
Tate, Edward William. "Anomeric oxygen to carbon rearrangements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624584.
Full textZhang, Min. "Study on selective carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen bonds formation starting from alkynes." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S036.
Full textLa thèse est composée de deux parties. La partie I présente la formation catalytique de liaisons C-C, C-N et C-O : une série d’ethers, de diényle, furanes 2,5-disubstitués, cétones allyliques et γ-fonctionalisées et quinolines polysubstituées ont été préparées à partir d’alcynes avec l’aide initiale d’un catalyseur de ruthenium. La partie II présente la formation de liaisons C-C, C-N, C-O: une variété de tetrahydropyridines, et de 1,3-oxazines ont été synthétisées à partir d’alcynes electrophiles via des réactions à composants multiples
Eberlein, L. M. "Carbon dioxide and oxygen optical sensors." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636762.
Full textDupuy, Diane. "Comportement thermomécanique de composites réfractaires oxyde-carbone." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0108.
Full textThe present thesis aimed at investigating the relationships existing between the microstructure of alumina-carbon refractories used in steel continuous casting and their thermomechanical properties. The work realized here fall within a composite approach, by determining thermomechanical properties of the single constituents of the materials and analyzing then the properties of the heterogeneous composites. Different systems of double scale model materials, constituted of graphite and alumina aggregates in one hand, and of carbon matrix loaded with fine alumina grains on the other hand were studied here. The carbon bond of these materials resulting from pyrolysis of phenolic resin, the thermomechanical properties of the elaborated model materials were analyzed both during and after the pyrolysis heating treatment. The properties evolutions of the cured samples during the pyrolysis highlighted a slight damage during the end of heating and important damage during cooling, due to a thermal expansion mismatch between the alumina grains and the resin/carbon bond. The influence of the thermal damage has been investigated thanks to tensile tests on the pyrolyzed materials, which exhibit a rather strong non-linear behavior. Relationships between volume fraction and physical key-properties of the materials have been established. Besides, the obtained results highlighted that a small change in composition can drastically change the thermomechanical properties of these materials. This overall study on model materials allowed to develop some ideas in order to improve industrial compositions
Adam, Panagiotis. "Life before oxygen : linking phylogenomics and paleogeochemistry to unravel the nature and function of microbiota in the early Archean." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC153.
Full textLife on Earth emerged during the Archean Eon (4-2.5 billion years ago). At the time the oceans and atmosphere were anoxic, and oxygen rose at the end of the Eon as a result of oxygenic photosynthesis, in what is known as the Great Oxygenation Event. Anaerobic microorganisms and metabolisms are expected to have operated at the time. However, the specifics are poorly understood, since the fossil record is scarce. The fractionation of stable carbon isotopes is often used as a criterion of biogenicity but also to interpret possible metabolic processes. Such fractionations can arise from at least six to eight different carbon fixation pathways. I took advantage of the newly available microbial diversity, and applied a phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary history of carbon fixation pathways, and determine their relative order of emergence. The aim was to deduce which ones would have been responsible for the isotopic signatures in the lower Archean (before 3.2 billion years). In the first Chapter, I reviewed the recent literature on the diversity, ecology, and evolution of Archaea. I constructed a well-resolved reference phylogeny taking into account all the novel lineages, for which genomic information has recently become available. I assigned names to some of them, as well as to some of the taxonomic units that were recovered from the phylogeny. Then I examined the distribution of genes that have been used in the past as taxonomic markers for the Archaea. Similarly, in Chapter 2, I constructed well-resolved bacterial phylogenies using different datasets, and used them to map the distribution of potential marker genes. I then discussed the taxonomic classification of Bacteria above phylum level, and the position of some possibly deep-branching phyla. From these endeavors, I gleaned highly resolved phylogenies of Bacteria and Archaea which were then used to map the evolution of carbon fixation pathways. Next, I analyzed the evolution of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. It is believed to be the most ancient form of carbon fixation but its origins have been controversial. I assembled local databanks of over 6400 genomes of Bacteria and Archaea encompassing all their known diversity. These were used to perform exhaustive homology searches for the components of the carbonyl (Chapter 3) and tetrahydromethanoperin (H4MPT; Chapter 4) methyl branches. A functional form of the carbonyl branch was found to date back to the Last Universal Common Ancestor. It was then inherited mostly vertically across Bacteria and Archaea with its genes remaining co-localized, except for a few rare intra and interdomain transfers. The H4MPT branch seems to have originated in Archaea and was subsequently transferred to Bacteria where its original role was probably related with hydrogen syntrophy or as a carbon assimilation electron sink. Afterward, through gene gains and losses linking the branch with other pathways, it came to be used in anaerobic methylotrophy and formaldehyde detoxification, and finally in aerobic methylotrophy. These results highlight a presence of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway throughout the Archean, and also allow me to discuss possible inferences on the composition of the atmosphere and the interpretation of some late Archean carbon isotopic signatures.Finally, in Chapter 5, I attempt to determine the earliest possible origin for the remaining carbon fixation pathways (Calvin-Benson-Bassham, Reductive Hexulose Phosphate, reverse Krebs, 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate, dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate), by studying the evolution of their marker genes. I managed to deduce some possible constraints about the presence of these pathways in the Archean. My results contribute to expanding our knowledge on early life, the Last Universal Common Ancestor, and the evolution of carbon fixation. They also shed light on the processes on the Archean Earth from the perspective of microbial evolution
Ahmed, Shamsuddin. "Kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with carbon and of the explosive reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4811.
Full textRoman, Julien. "Mise en forme de matériaux carbonés biosourcés par voie liquide." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0202/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the preparation of new bio-based carbon materials. Carbon materials, such as carbon fibers used in composites, are mainly obtained from a petroleum precursor. These precursors are expensive and not compatible with a sustainable industry. The use of a bio-based precursor available in large quantities such as lignin makes it possible to overcome limitations of petroleum based precursors. The aromatic molecular structure and high carbon content of lignin make it an ideal candidate for the production of bio-based carbon material. Lignin could be transformed into various materials such as carbon nanofibers, twisted carbon nanofibers, or carbonized composite 3D structures. These materials have been obtained from innovative techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. Twisting of the lignin-based-carbon nanofibers allowed for measurements of their mechanical strength. The electrochemical properties of the lignin-based twisted carbon nanofibers are interesting for potential microelectrode applications. The low microstructural order of the carbon from the carbonized lignin has been improved. Graphitization treatment or addition of carbon nanofillers contributed to this improvement. The mechanical, structural and electrical properties of nanocomposite carbon nanofibers illustrate the influence of graphene oxide on lignin. A composite effect between these two components has been observed. The 3D printing of composite inks based on lignin and graphene oxide has been reported for the first time in order to elaborate dense, organized and electrically conductive 3D carbonized structures
Wilde, Christian. "Algae carbon uptake and oxygen production potential at high carbon dioxide concentrations." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104887.
Full textIl devient de plus en plus évident que les émissions anthropiques de CO₂ ont une influence sur le climat de notre planète et que les conséquences pourraient en êtres dévastateurs pour la population. La production d'énergie par la combustion de combustibles fossiles est la cause principale de ces émissions, mais elle est aussi essentielle à notre mode de vie et même, notre survie. Il est donc nécessaire que nous développions des carburants renouvelables qui sont aussi économiquement viables pour assurer que nous avons l'énergie nécessaire pour soutenir notre société dans l'avenir. À cette fin, il a été proposé que les effluents des industries contenant de grandes quantités de CO₂ pourraient êtres traités en utilisant des algues. Elles consumeraient le carbone et ensuite pourraient êtres récoltées pour produire des biocarburants. Grâce à la photosynthèse, les algues produisent également de l'oxygène comme sous-produit. Dans la culture d'algues généralement envisagé, cet oxygène est produit en faible concentration et est donc rejeté dans l'atmosphère, ayant aucun usage industriel.Dans cette étude, nous proposons deux scénarios dans lesquels un système photobioréacteur d'algues pourrait êtres développés pour générer un produit précieux de l'air enrichi en oxygène, ou de l'oxygène pur. La récupération de ce produit habituellement négligé a le potentiel de faire la capture du carbone et la production de biocarburants plus économiquement viables. Pour savoir si un tel système est réalisable, il est important de savoir si les algues sont capables de survivre dans les conditions présentes dans les systèmes. Les concentrations de CO₂ et de l'oxygène dans ces systèmes proposés seraient considérablement plus élevées que ceux de l'air ambiant. Nous démontrons que ces deux processus proposés pour la production d'oxygène sont en fait réalisables. En plus de cela, les fortes concentrations d'oxygène et de CO₂ peuvent avoir un léger effet négatif sur les taux de croissances des algues, mais que leurs croissances ne sont pas complètement empêchées. Finalement, nous démontrons que le potentiel de production d'oxygène de trois différentes espèces d'algues (Anabaena sp., Synechococcus sp., et Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) est à peu près identique, ce qui suggère que les systèmes que nous avons proposé peuvent être compatibles avec de nombreuses espèces d'algues.
White, Carl Barry. "Development of carbon-based atomic oxygen sensors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/342945/.
Full textFontaine, Florian. "Composites à matrice carbone-oxyde et carbone-nitrure : thermodynamique de l'élaboration et son impact sur les propriétés physico-chimiques, thermiques et mécaniques des composites." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14217/document.
Full textCarbon/carbon composites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties at high temperature that make them espe-cially suitable for ablation or friction pieces. Their sensitivity toward oxidation above 400°C has lead to the will of doping them with refractory ceramics that are nonoxidizable or with a high oxidation temperature. The sol-gel process allowed to introduce 1 % in volume of titanium or aluminum oxide or nitride in the matrix. Nitrides are obtained by carbothermal nitridation of the oxide films. Two types of sols were used: the “standard” ones and those with extra sucrose. Sucrose is added to prevent pyrocarbon consumption during the nitridation. Furthermore, it was shown that it has an impact on the nitridation rate. Charged composites are then densified by Chemical Vapor Infiltration, which induces phases transforma-tions that were predicted by thermodynamics: titanium nitride films are partially carburized (formation of titanium carbonitride) and titanium dioxide films are reduced (formation of titanium oxycarbide). Aluminum-based films are more stable and don’t undergo any transformation. Thermal diffusivity of the as-synthesized composites is not much modified by the addition of these ceramics while the tensile and compressive strength are slightly increased. By the way, composites are hardened. Their oxidation kinetics is slowed down. Aluminum-rich composites exhibit a weight loss divided by two compared to the C/C reference. All those properties are directly, or not, linked to the composition of the sols, in particular to their sucrose content. Indeed, it was shown that sucrose-containing sols rather jellify on the surface of the composite, thus preventing the diffusion of precursor gases to the heart of the pieces. The final porosity is then modified. The porosity has an important impact on the compressive strength, thermal diffusivity and oxidation kinetics of the synthesized composites
Wang, Qi. "Carbon-based materials : preparation, functionalization and applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10156/document.
Full textGraphene and its derivatives have attracted tremendous research interest over the years due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. For the integration of graphene into electrochemical devices, it is essential to have a simple, reproducible and controllable technique to produce high quality graphene sheets on large surfaces. In this respect, the use of chemically derived reduced graphene oxide (rGO) rather than CVD graphene is a promising approach. In this thesis, we have developed simple, environmentally friendly, and controllable approaches for the chemical reduction of graphene oxide to rGO and the simultaneous functionalization of the resulting rGO matrix with the used reducing agents. These techniques are based on the use of tyrosine, 4-aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA), alkynyl-modified dopamine, and diamond nanoparticles (ND) as reducing agents. The robustness of the developed derivatization schemes was evaluated by the post-functionalization of alkynyl-dopamine/rGO with thiolated molecules via a photochemical “click” reaction.The resulting rGO matrices were characterized by a variety of different techniques, including XPS, AFM, SEM, FTIR, Raman, UV/Vis, and electrochemical measurements. The rGO matrices, deposited on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, have been further used for electrochemical based applications for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and simultaneously L-dopa and carbidopa. Furthermore, rGO/NDs nanocomposites have been successfully used as electrode in supercapacitors and exhibited a specific capacitance of 186 F g-1 and excellent long term stability
Furtado, Wagner Wilson. "Efeito do carbono na formação de defeitos em silício Czochralski." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43133/tde-06082013-103439/.
Full textEffect of carbon concentration upon defect formation in oxygen rich Czochralski grown silicon has been investigated by combining various furnace thermal anneals. Diffuse X-ray scattering, infrared spectroscopy, resistivity, x-ray topography, and transmission electron microscopy have shown that defects in as-grown samples could be related to the B swirls. 450ºC anneals have shown the presence of vacancies in low carbon samples while high carbon concentration inhibited Thermal Donor (TD) formation. Our results confirm models by Newman and Mathiot for thermal donors generation. For 650ºC anneals carbon promotes New Donors (ND) formation. Our results show that these defects are mainly vacancy in nature and agrees with the substitutional oxygen models proposed for these donors. Donor formation was observed at 550ºC which could be related to New Thermal Donors (NTD) proposed by Kamiura et al..
Armstrong, David Stairs. "Radiative muon capture on carbon, oxygen and calcium." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29004.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
Chapman, Adrian Oliver. "Reactions of molecular oxygen in supercritical carbon dioxide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438331.
Full textLangston, Peter George. "The effect of acute carbon monoxide exposure on the brain of the conscious sheep /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09sml285.pdf.
Full textAouad, Samer. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques et catalytiques des solides à base de ruthénium : applications dans des réactions d'intérêts environnementaux : oxydation des suies, des COV et vaporeformage du méthanol." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0202.
Full textRuthenium supported on ceria, alumina and mixed supports catalysts are studied in carbon black combustion, VOC oxidation and steam reforming of methanol. Ruthenium supported on ceria catalysts are active and selective for CO2 formation in oxidation reactions. This is correlated to the presence of two different species of ruthenium oxides in interaction with ceria. These two species are easily reducible at low temperature. It is also showed that the optimal content of ruthenium on ceria is about 1,5wt. %. For higher contents, the reactivity is no more improved due to the formation of RuO2 agglomerates which are less reactive than ruthenium oxides in interaction with ceria. The carbon black oxidation mechanism in the presence of our catalysts begins with the reduction of ruthenium oxide species in interaction with ceria. These species are then oxidized again by reaction with the oxygen present in the gaseous phase. A similar mechanism is envisaged in the oxidation of the VOCs. The thermal effect related to the catalytic oxidation of VOC is then evidenced in the simultaneous combustion of soot and VOC. This result confirms that it is possible to use our catalysts to eliminate soot emitted by Diesel engines and some industries. The positive role of ceria support is pointed out in the steam reforming of methanol reaction. The interaction between ceria and ruthenium seems to be also responsible for the carbon monoxide elimination from reaction products. The presence of palladium improves the H2 selectivity in the reaction
GUERET, FREDERIC. "Intoxication aigue par l'oxyde de carbone : interet d'une orientation therapeutique precoce." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13061.
Full textLAMY, MARIE-NOELLE. "L'intoxication oxycarbonee dans le secteur sanitaire de montlucon : d'apres 112 cas survenus entre le 1er avril 1986 et le 31 mars 1991." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13025.
Full textTACHEAU, GENEVIEVE. "Intoxication oxycarbonee aigue : aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques, evolutifs et sequellaires, a propos de 748 observations recueillies au pavillon n de l'hopital edouard herriot de 1976 a 1985." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M018.
Full textCORMERAIS, PHILIPPE. "Etude epidemiologique, clinico-biologique et therapeutique de soixante-neuf cas d'intoxications oxycarbonees." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT148M.
Full textLE, BOUQUIN JEAN-PIERRE. "Intoxication oxycarbonee aigue : presentation et variantes etiologiques." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M069.
Full textHONARJOU, MADJID. "Intoxication par l'oxyde de carbone dans la region nord/ pas-de-calais : resultats d'une enquete a propos de 753 cas survenue entre le 15 octobre 1986 et le 14 octobre 1987." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M324.
Full textTILLIETTE, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Intoxication par l'oxyde de carbone dans la region nord/pas-de-calais : resultats d'une enquete a propos de 136 cas survenus entre le 18 et 21 septembre 1988." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M247.
Full textPEYRON, LAURENCE. "Intoxication par l'oxyde de carbone : etude de 100 cas recus au service d'accueil des urgences de l'hopital d'aix-en-provence entre le 1er decembre 1988 et le 30 novembre 1991." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20057.
Full textWang, Qian. "Carbon-based materials : application in electrochemical sensing." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10079/document.
Full textCarbon-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest because of their potential applications in various fields. These materials are also considered ideal matrixes for the development of highly sensitive electrochemical based sensing platforms. In this thesis, vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (VA-NCNT) electrodes, gold electrodes modified with cobalt hydroxide embedded carbon nanofibers (CNFs/Co(OH)2) through electrophoretic deposition, or copper nanoparticles loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Cu NPs), as well as chemically formed gold nanoparticle decorated rGO (rGO/Au NPs) modified glassy carbon electrodes were developed, and their electrochemical and sensing capabilities were investigated. Modification of VA-NCNT electrodes with lysozyme aptamers resulted in a sensor with femtomolar sensitivity to lysozyme in serum and was successfully applied for the differentiation of healthy patients and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affected ones. rGO/Cu NPs and CNFs/Co(OH)2 coated gold electrodes showed excellent electro-catalytic oxidation behavior towards glucose and were employed as non-enzymatic glucose sensors for glucose determination in human serum. Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection was also achieved on rGO/Au NPs modified electrodes, where the matrix was formed using tyrosine as dual reductant of graphene oxide (GO) and Au salt
Agunaou, Mahfoud. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques des oxydes BixGd1−xVO4, catalyseurs d'hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10066.
Full textSkouta, Rachid. "Gold-catalyzed carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bond formations : efficient synthesis of isoflavanones, aza-isoflavanones, [plus or minus symbol]-pterocarpans and isoflavones." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111900.
Full textChapter 2 describes new annulations catalyzed by gold(I) of simple o-hydroxyaldehydes with alkynes. This annulation efficiently generates isoflavanone-type structures, which have many possible applications in the synthesis of isoflavanone natural products. This chapter details the development and the optimization of the reaction conditions. The annulation was applied to various aldehydes and arylalkynes with good efficiency. Furthermore, it incorporated all atoms of both starting materials into the product and thus has a theoretical atom economy of 100%.
Chapter 3 extends the scope of the annulations developed in Chapter 2. Indeed, 2,3-dihydro-1-tosylquinolin-3(1H)-one derivatives, aza-isoflavanones, have been efficiently synthesized via a gold-catalyzed annulation of 2-tosylaminobenzaldehyde and alkynes. The annulation was applied to various arylalkynes with good efficiency. This annulation can be used for the synthesis of a range of potentially bioactive molecules.
Chapter 4 describes applications in the total synthesis of the annulation developed in chapter 2. (+/-)-Pterocarpan and analogues have been efficiently synthesized via the annulation of salicylaldehydes and o-methoxymethoxylphenylacetylene followed by a one-pot reduction and acidic cyclization of the ketones. In addition, isoflavone derivatives have been synthesized rapidly via the annulation of salicylaldehyde and arylacetylenes followed by IBX/DMSO oxidation of the isoflavanones.
As part of our ongoing studies on metal-catalyzed atom economical reactions, the gold/silver-catalyzed addition of arenes to mono-substituted allene, generate exclusive terminal addition products are described in Chapter 5.
Finally, Appendix A explores the use of commercially available polymer-supported triphenylphosphine as a catalyst for the efficient gamma-addition of methyl 2-butynoate with various pronucleophiles. In addition, optimization studies shows no need of a co-catalyst for the reaction in the presence of a mixture of water:toluene (5:1). The polymer-supported triphenylphosphine is recoverable and can be reused efficiently. This gamma-addition is highly atom-economical and the reaction time was reduced under microwave irradiation.