Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxyde thermique'
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Terki, Rachida. "Simulation du comportement des barrières thermiques déposées par projection thermique." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2015.
Full textFor the application as a thermal barrier coating (TBC), the partially stabilized zirconia approaches some limits of performance which hardly can be overcome in the near future. Considerable effort is being invested, therefore, in identifying new materials with better performance than the current industry standard. Intuitive arguments based on crystallography and simulation may lead most rapidly to the development of new TBC materials. In this work, we have studied the physical properties of some ceramics that can be used in TBC system, such as : perovskite and pyrochlore compounds, zirconia and hafnia as well as zircon. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method is used to investigated the structural and electronic properties, giving more insight on the mechanical behaviour of these materials. The quasi-harmonic Debye model is applied to determine the thermal properties such as temperature dependence of bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heats at constant volume and pressure. Our results show mainly that lanthanum pyrohafnate is the best candidate for application as TBC
Serrano, Servin Manuel. "Etude du comportement électrique et thermique de parafoudres à ZnO." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECDL0022.
Full textAlmeida, Lucie de. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la décomposition thermique d'oxalates d'actinides en oxydes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0356/document.
Full textMixed uranium-plutonium oxides are preferential raw materials for news generation nuclear fuels. The research project presented herein deals with their elaboration process by thermal decomposition of mixed oxalates, as reference precursors, in order to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting product. The thermal decomposition of several oxalate precursors into oxides was thus experimentally studied under both inert and oxidizing atmospheres, the reaction mechanisms were determined, as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics, and predictive physicochemical models were proposed. The methodology of the study up to the modelling was first developed using lanthanide model compounds with increasing complexity. The conversion into oxides of simple Nd and Ce oxalates, compared with Pu(III) oxalate, allowed to understand the role of the metal cation redox properties. Double lanthanide-hydrazinium oxalates, displaying a specific behaviour due to their peculiar crystallographic structure, underlined the importance of gas-gas and solid-gas interactions. Then, the global resolution of the decomposition mechanisms of mixed actinide oxalates into oxides was carried out through a comparative approach of U-Ce, Th-Pu and U-Pu systems, given ... analogies. A general mechanism including five main steps was proposed, with the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. This especially enabled to simulate the speciation diagrams of the solid phases according to different temperature programs (linear or double industrial oven) for the U-Ce surrogate system (used in systematic technological process optimisation tests) as well as for the U-Pu system of interest. Finally, a first attempt at process modelling was undertaken, taking into account transport phenomena associated with two key-reactions for these systems: the thermal decomposition of anhydrous oxalate into oxide and the Boudouard equilibrium between carbonaceous species. The overall system reactivity and the predominant phenomena concerning evolved gas fluxes and elemental carbon formation, within a static powder bed, were simulated
Malecki, Andrzej. "Décomposition thermique et propriétés électriques de Co3O4." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835492.
Full textSerrano, Servin Manuel. "Etude du comportement électrique et thermique de parafoudres à oxyde de zinc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376185613.
Full textHoudé, Richard Solène. "Multifissuration de couches d’oxyde thermique sous chargement statique instrumenté par émission acoustique : application aux systèmes Ni/NiO et Zr/ZrO2." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2617.
Full textThis thesis is a work on the characterization of the damage of thermal oxide scales and in particular on the metal/oxide systems Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2. To study this damage, a multi-cracking test under SEM was carried out by coupling a traction micromachine with monitoring by acoustic emission inside the chamber of the scanning electron microscope. Various tests were carried out in order to configure the acoustic emission system to ensure that the recorded signals indeed come from the tensile specimens tested. This work made it possible to have a test making it possible to acquire the acoustic emission bursts specific to damage to Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems under in-situ conditions. Thanks to this technical development, it was possible to propose damage scenarios for Ni/NiO and Zr/ZrO2 systems for two different oxide scale thicknesses (1 μm and 5 μm approximately) by coupling the information obtained by the SEM observations (on the surface of the specimens during tensile tests, and in cross section after rupture of the specimens) and analysis of the acoustic signals recorded during the tests. The analysis of the damage scenarios revealed notable differences between the two systems studied, but also differences within the same system depending on the oxidation conditions used to obtain the desired scale thicknesses. Beyond allowing proposals for damage scenarios, the analysis of the acoustic emission bursts made it possible to qualify different signatures for the propagation of cracks in mode I and in mode II
Mauss, Francis. "Étude de la décomposition thermique de l'alun d'ammonium." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843838.
Full textKara-Slimane, Anouar. "Assemblages métal-céramique (oxyde, nitrure) par métallisation brasage : Influence des interactions chimiques dans les zones interfaciales." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0018.
Full textIbégazène, Hocine. "Étude microstructurale de la stabilité thermique de phases métastables dans des systèmes à base de ZrO, HfO et d'oxydes de terres rares : application aux barrières thermiques /." Châtillon : ONERA, Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36156570d.
Full textAutre forme du titre : "Étude de la métastabilité d'oxydes ultraréfractaires" Bibliogr. p. 187-195. Résumé en français et en anglais. L'ouvrage porte par erreur : ISSN 0078-3780.
El-Morabit, M'Hamed. "Contribution à l’étude du déliantage thermique de matériaux céramiques : système Al2O3-(PVA/PEG) : Détermination expérimentale et théorique des mécanismes réactionnels mis en jeu." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0048.
Full textThe shaping of ceramic pieces often requires the use of organic additives (binders, plasticizers. . . ), mixed with the powder inside a slurry. The burning out of these products- before the sintering- ( is a still bad known stage, but today it appears, for the whole elaboration process, as a crucial step, called debinding. The present work deals with the thermal debinding of alpha alumina monolithic ceramics, PV A and PEG being used as binder and plasticizer respectively. Green samples are obtained after several steps: homogenization in aqueous phase, drying, granulation, shaping and compacting. Different thermal treatments - isothermal or dynamic - are then applied to samples and the burning out or degradation of PV A and PEG are studied by means of thermogravimetry. Investigated parameters are either elaboration parameters or thermal treatment parameters. A theoretical approach has allowed to suggest a kinetic model for the observed process. The parameters having a marked influence are pH of slurries, amounts of binders and plasticizer, powder morphology, and rate of temperature increasing. Granule sizes and compacting pressure have a small influence. A critical value of temperature rate has been pointed out With the investigated system, it is about equal to 4°min-1. In order to reduce the debinding duration, without decreasing the final product characteristics - especially its mechanical properties -, it is better to use a mixed process, with isothermal steps and temperature increasing stages, the rate of which must be progressive! y adjusted. Avrami type kinetic laws are in good agreement with this debinding process, that is compounded of two steps. The knowledge of these laws is very useful to control and to optimize the whole process
Dupuy, Diane. "Comportement thermomécanique de composites réfractaires oxyde-carbone." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0108.
Full textThe present thesis aimed at investigating the relationships existing between the microstructure of alumina-carbon refractories used in steel continuous casting and their thermomechanical properties. The work realized here fall within a composite approach, by determining thermomechanical properties of the single constituents of the materials and analyzing then the properties of the heterogeneous composites. Different systems of double scale model materials, constituted of graphite and alumina aggregates in one hand, and of carbon matrix loaded with fine alumina grains on the other hand were studied here. The carbon bond of these materials resulting from pyrolysis of phenolic resin, the thermomechanical properties of the elaborated model materials were analyzed both during and after the pyrolysis heating treatment. The properties evolutions of the cured samples during the pyrolysis highlighted a slight damage during the end of heating and important damage during cooling, due to a thermal expansion mismatch between the alumina grains and the resin/carbon bond. The influence of the thermal damage has been investigated thanks to tensile tests on the pyrolyzed materials, which exhibit a rather strong non-linear behavior. Relationships between volume fraction and physical key-properties of the materials have been established. Besides, the obtained results highlighted that a small change in composition can drastically change the thermomechanical properties of these materials. This overall study on model materials allowed to develop some ideas in order to improve industrial compositions
SUDERON, HERMANN. "Conduction thermique des phases supraconductrices de UPt3." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10266.
Full textVigier, Nicolas. "Étude des transitions de phase au cours du traitement thermique de la co-conversion oxalique d'actinides en oxyde." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10157.
Full textGuilmard, Marianne. "Étude de matériaux d'électrode positive dérivés de LiNiO2 pour batteries Lithium-ion : compréhension du mécanisme de dégradation thermique des phases désintercalées." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12591.
Full textFallet, Mélanie. "Couches minces de TiO2-SiO2 élaborés par procédés sol-gel : rôle du dopant (Fe, Co, Sn) et du traitement thermique." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2048.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of doped (Fe2+, Co2+, Sn2+) and non-doped TiO2, SiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel processes. These coatings are annealed at 500ʿC and 900ʿC during 3 minutes and 30 seconds respectively ("flash" annealing) or for one hour. Structural and morphological characteristics of these films are strongly dependent upon the kind of doping element, its concentration and the type of heat treatment following the deposition. The ceramic matrix nature in connection to annealing procedures play an important role on the oxidation state of doping iron and its associated phases as revealed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Crystallised thin films of TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 are obtained after annealing for one hour. In the case of TiO2 matrix, the introduction of a doping element promotes the anatase-rutile transformation following the Sn>Co>Fe efficiency way. Rutile is already obtained at 500ʿC for the Sn-doped films. For the mixted system, the rutile phase is also promoted but in the way Co>Fe>Sn. Moreover, the presence of a doping element eliminates partially or completely the macroporosity encountered in the mixed non-doped films. This behaviour is particulary enhanced in case of iron, going along with an increasing concentration from 0,5 to 5 wt. %. Its oxidation state depends on the matrix kind and heat treatment. In TiO2 films, solely Fe3+ ions are found, irrespective of annealing. In marked contrast, Fe2+ and/or Fe3+ ions are evidenced in SiO2 and mixed coatings depending upon their heat treatment. The detected phases are chiefly pseudo-brookite Fe2TiO5 (in TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 films), fayalite Fe2SiO4 and ferromagnetic haematite a-Fe2O3 (in SiO2 et TiO2-SiO2 films)
Trannoy, Virgile. "Vers l'Elaboration de Pistes Magnétiques Enregistrables : De la Molécule au Matériau." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS209/document.
Full textRemarkable progress in information technology has led to the development of smaller and more powerful systems. This effort requires the design of new materials which are more complex at the atomic scale. Our goal is to develop magnetic nanoparticles confined into the well-organized nanocraters of non-magnetic thin films that should present a strong magnetic anisotropy (as oxides or alloys). In order to synthesize these magnetic nanoparticles, our original bottom-up approach involves three steps : i) elaboration of a solid nanostructured matrix via sol-gel chemistry in the presence of structuring agents, ii) formation of Prussian Blue Analogues (PBA) in the pores of this matrix and iii) thermal treatment under a controlled atmosphere. Two types of nanostructured matrices have been investigated : nanoperforated TiO2 thin films, in order to organize particles on a surface, and mesoporous silica monoliths, which allow to study the transformation of a larger amount of PBA nanoparticles into oxide or alloy than in the case of thin films. PBAs were chosen as precursors for the formation of magnetic particles because of their well-defined chemical composition and structure. PBA chemistry is versatile and the stoichiometry and structure of the resulting coordination polymer can be perfectly controlled at the atomic scale. Controlling PBA chemistry should thus enable us to finely tune the chemical composition and structure of the corresponding alloys and oxides and hence their magnetic properties.An original method, developed in our laboratory, results in well-confined PBA particles within the organized porosity of a mesoporous silica monoliths to form PBA/SiO2 nanocomposites. The thermal treatment of these nanocomposites under different controlled atmospheres was then investigated in order to get Oxide/SiO2 and Metal/SiO2 nanocomposites with a perfectly preserved mesoporosity and well-confined nanoparticles with controlled chemical composition, size and shape.The PBA formation inside the nanocraters of a TiO2 thin film is performed by successive immersions of the film in the PBA precursor solutions. A systematic study of each step of the synthesis leads to the formation of PBA particles within each nanoperforation in the thin film. Finally, the thermal treatment under different controlled atmospheres enabled the transformation of PBA particles into oxides or alloys inside the nanoperforations
Parret, Frédéric. "Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7430/1/parret.pdf.
Full textOçafrain, Arlette. "Mise en oeuvre et utilisation de la méthode de l'échangeur thermique (HEM) pour l'obtention de monocristaux à applications spécifiques et de céramiques supraconductrices orientées." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160029.
Full textBoyer, Ludovic. "Analyse des propriétés de l'oxyde de grille des composants semi-conducteurs de puissance soumis à des contraintes électro-thermiques cycliques : vers la définition de marqueurs de vieillissement." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20028/document.
Full textPower semi-conductor devices are increasingly used as key parts of embedded power conversion systems in critical applications such as aerospace industry and ground transport. In such critical applications, these devices are submitted to harsh electrical, thermal and mechanical environments stresses which may significantly alter their reliability. An embedded power conversion system failure due to a power semi-conductor device breakdown may induce catastrophic results in terms of human safety, as well as economical dimensions. There is, indeed, a continuous demand on an increasing knowledge concerning the failure modes and the ageing mechanisms of power semi-conductor devices, as well as for development of new characterization techniques for ageing monitoring. The greatest part of the present work is focused on the monitoring of gate oxide properties evolutions of samples structures using the Capacitance-Voltage method (C-V method) -mainly employed in microelectronics- and the Thermal Step Method (TSM) -developed in Energy and Materials Group of IES-, as well as applying them to power semi-conductor devices. Coupling TSM and C-V method has allowed to approximately locate injected charges in the gate oxide of sample devices when submitted to electrical stresses comparable to the ones submitted to power semi-conductor devices
Imbert, Paul-Henri. "Fabrication du combustible nucléaire par voie peroxyde : du précurseur au matériau fritté." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R019/document.
Full textThe present Ph-D work is part of a project investigating the combined management of uranium and plutonium by an original process based on cationic exchange within uranyl nanoclusters which allows a direct use of these precursors for the manufacturing of mixed-oxide pellets. The study aimed to demonstrate that double peroxo-hydroxide of uranyl and rare earth ions (used as simulants of minor actinides) could meet this industrial objective. The methodology was divided into two main steps, (i) preparation of fluorine-type mixed oxide powders by thermal decomposition of the salts and then (ii) manufacturing densified pellets with optimized microstructural behaviors. For these two steps, the experimental analyses were performed using ex-situ and in-situ approaches, for various operating conditions in terms of temperature and nature of the reaction atmosphere. The physical-chemistry mechanisms and phenomena associated to the transformations were mainly studied by chemical analysis of species (redox and ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction, UV-visible, infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, thermal analyses, (TGA-MS, TGA-TDA, dilatometry) and observations by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The thermal decomposition leading to a homogeneous mixed oxide powder appears to be governed by two key parameters, the diffusion of the adding element (Nd or Ce) within the uranium based phases and the partial pressure of oxygen. The work also shows that the successive transformations are qualitatively isomorphic, and that the size and shape distributions of the precursor’s particles remain up to the fluorine-type oxide phase. The process of obtaining the precursor by a hydrometallurgical route offers powders with a large specific surface area. Although it was not possible to extract the thermodynamic parameters of sintering by in-situ experiments, ex-situ analyses of the densified pellets suggest that the densifying mechanisms would be based on diffusion at the grain boundaries. Microstructural observations showed a homogeneous distribution of grains and of metallic cations in solid solution. The results of the Ph-D thesis greatly confirm the ability of this original approach based on the use of double peroxo-hydroxides of uranyl and rare earth ions as precursors for the management of uranium and plutonium in future reprocessing plants
Fayeulle, Dominique. "Elaboration et étude de révêtements céramiques à sous-couche d'accrochage cellulaire pour la protection chimique et thermique de composants de turbomachines." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0149.
Full textLatka, Leszek. "Développement de la projection plasma de suspension de dépôts d'hydroxyapatite, d'oxyde de titane et de zircone yttriée et leur caractérisation mécanique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10088/document.
Full textThe basics of thermal spraying were presented. Suspension plasma spraying method was described and also possible applications, as biocompatible coatings, thermal barrier or photo-catalytic surfaces were presented. Instrumented indentation test was characterized. In work hydroxyapatite, titanium dioxide, yttria stabilized zirconia and yttria with ceria stabilized zirconia were used. Set-up of plasma spray installation was presented. The stability of suspension was determined by zeta potential measurements. Coatings were sprayed with plasma torch SG-100. Electric power was in range from 27 to 40 kW and spray distance varying from 40 to 70 mm, depending on type of sprayed material.Mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings as-sprayed, as well as soaked in simulated body fluid were tested. Influence of soaking time on coatings hardness was noted, which increases with increasing time of soaking. In case of titania coatings, mechanical and photo-catalytic properties were estimated. Scratch test confirmed high values of cohesion and adhesion. Tested coatings exhibit better photo-catalytic properties than commercial Pilkington Active™ glass. Investigation of coatings based on zirconium oxide concerned on mechanical and thermal transport properties. Instrumented indentation test confirmed very good mechanical properties, up to 3.5 GPa and up to 130 GPa for hardness and elastic modulus, respectively. Values of thermal conductivity of tested coatings were lower than coatings sprayed with conventional methods. Based on conducted studies was found that suspension plasma sprayed coatings exhibit properties, which made possible its application on different fields of technique
Rampon, Régine. "Elaboration et optimisation d'électrolytes pour piles à combustible de type SOFC." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2017.
Full textThe high operating temperature of the SOFC decreases the life time of the cells. The reduction of the SOFC operating temperature causes several problems such as ohmic drop through the electrolyte. To overcome these cell performance losses, the electrolyte resistivity can be decreased by lowering the thickness of the electrolyte. The chosen process is the plasma jet projection of ceramics suspensions. A good understanding of the process is necessary in order to control the coatings microstructure. First the interactions between the suspension characteristics, the injection and the projection process have been studied. Dispersed and stable suspensions have been obtained in three different solvents: distilled water, methanol and ethanol/methylethylketone azeotrope. Solvent nature determines the surface tension and viscosity is controlled through additive amounts. Atomization has been studied as a function of the suspension formulations. Suspension with water generates monomodal drop size distribution when its viscosity is high or the atomization gas flow rate is low. Suspensions with alcohol generate wide drop size distribution. This work gave trends about suspension behaviour toward atomization and allowed us to make hypothesis about drop trajectory in the plasma. Finally study of the coating microstructure showed that using water as solvent and working with low atomization gas flow rate generate the less porous microstructure. Influence of operating parameters such as plasma characteristics, cinematic and projection distance has been evaluated. Particle temperatures and speeds were measured with accuraspray and used as a tool to select the best operating parameters in order to obtain less porous coatings. It was really difficult to obtain dense coatings so in situ thermal treatment was studied and preliminary tests are presented. Coatings were produced and then treated by passing the plasma in front of the coating. Coating surfaces are obtained really dense but are cracked. Finally first electrochemical results are presented
Wouters, Yves. "Oxydation thermique des métaux dans la vapeur d'eau : cas du nickel et du titane." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0056.
Full textLavisse, Luc. "Elaboration, caractérisation physico-chimique et simultation thermo-cinétique de couches d'oxydes de titane sous faisceau laser Nd-YAG impulsionnel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2110_llavisse.pdf.
Full textThe nitriding or the carburation of a titaniumsubstrate assisted by a laser source has been extensively studied, but these has been fewer investigations of laser induced oxidation phenomena. Taking account the formed phase complexity, we have investigated the titanium oxidation in the early stage. We have elaborated and we have characterized the layers, as well as chemistry analysis (Auger and XPS), or as phases investigations (XRD), or as morphological observations (SEM). The influence of the parameter-treatment (the laser power, the laser-beam velocity at the substrate surface, and the gas composition of the atmosphere) were examined. Several oxide-phases were identified and a relation between their apparition and the phase diagram titanium-oxide has been established. A thermal-simulation of the laser impact has shown the existence of a thermal cycle undergone at the material surface. A kinetic-oxidation aspect oxidation aspect oxidation aspect has been carried out
Vélu, Gabriel. "Croissance par pulvérisation cathodique et caractérisations électriques de couches minces ferroélectriques de PZT." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4fb5ae42-a8e7-4208-aed5-4483bdcca32d.
Full textParret, Frederic. "Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012018.
Full textPreziosa, Olivier. "Élaboration par projection thermique de barrières de diffusion finement structurées dans le cadre de l’élaboration d’aluminium et étude de leurs performances." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/735e16b4-d4a4-41ca-9b4f-15e640cdf68f/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4075.pdf.
Full textThis work is part of an ongoing industrial research aiming at improving the properties of sidelining of electrolytic cells for aluminum production. The contribution of this thesis is related to the implementation and evaluation of coatings (diffusion barriers) on the outer and inner sides of sidewall blocks. In the outer side, enamel was deposited on a SiC/Si3N4 (SNBSC) refractory blocks by thermal spraying using an oxyacetylene flame (with powder as feedstock). The mechanisms of coating construction are identified as strongly related to the viscosity of the sprayed enamel. To maximize the coverage rate, operating parameters were optimized using the simplex method. A brass sub-layer also demonstrated to improve this rate by improving the wettability of "softened" enamel. Gas permeability of optimized coatings was estimated by measuring a crossing flow of argon at room temperature. A significant reduction of the permeability was measured, around 47%, for an enamel coated substrate with a sub-layer. In the inner side, an initial study, by corrosion tests and tests of wettability by static sessile drop method, was conducted to better understand corrosion mechanisms, the objective being the identification of non-wetted materials by a cryolite bath. In a second part, TiO2 and TiB2 coatings were manufactured by plasma spraying (under air at atmospheric pressure and inert gas at reduced pressure, respectively). An accelerated corrosion test in a cryolite bath, however, very quickly led to severe corrosion of these coatings. More generally, the surface roughness of industrial SNBSC substrates appeared to undermine the achievement of a thermal sprayed coating, unalterable in a fluorinated bath, considering a coating coverage hardly reaching 100%, allowing the bath to penetrate through the coatings
Cinausero, Nicolas. "Etude de la dégradation thermique et de la réaction au feu de nanocomposites à matrice PMMA et PS." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382965.
Full textBaudon, Sylvain. "Etude de l'influence des contraintes appliquées sur l'évolution des propriétés diélectriques des couches minces isolantes dans les composants semi-conducteurs de puissance." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001950.
Full textDardant, Agnès. "Elaboration et comportement magnétique de céramiques YBa2Cu3O7-delta à grains désorientés : influence d'inhomogéneités chimiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149138.
Full textDelestre, Aurélien. "Polarisation thermique et microstructuration planaire de propriétés optiques non linéaires du second ordre dans des matériaux vitreux : etude des verres NaPO3 – Na2B4O7 – Nb2O5." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14150/document.
Full textOptical technologies development for communication has triggered a real interest about materials with nonlinear properties. The ideal material should combine a high nonlinear coefficient, good optical properties and a low production cost. Glasses remain very good materials for this kind of applications.Thermal poling is now well known for breaking glasses natural centro-symmetry and inducing second order nonlinearities. Indeed, at temperatures close to 300°C, the application of an electric field induces mobile ions migration from the anode to the cathode.In that case, the space charge created during the poling process generates an efficient macroscopic electrostatic field trapped under the anodic surface of the glass.The combination of silver deposition, femtosecond laser irradiation and thermal poling has been successfully used to realize a complex architecture of ionic migration leading to structuring of second order nonlinear properties at the microscopic scale
Vargas, Fabio. "Elaboration de couches céramiques épaisses à structures micrométriques et nanométriques par projections thermiques pour des applications tribologiques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5ebc961d-ad83-473c-9dcb-1865814e9bfd/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4060.pdf.
Full textAlumina titania coatings with 13 wt. % and 45 wt. % of TiO2 (AT-13 and AT-45 respectively) were sprayed by atmospheric plasma spray and oxy-acetylene flame using micro structured powders or cords. Additionally, nanometer sized agglomerated particles (AT-13) were plasma sprayed. Particles from powders and cords were sprayed using oxyacetylene flames and plasma jets with different enthalpies in order to vary the physical and chemical properties of resulting coatings. The effect on mechanical properties and tribological behavior of the structural characteristics of coatings, as well as chemical composition and its phases was studied. The wear resistance was measured by dry elastic contact between a sintered alumina ball 6 mm in diameter and the coated discs, applying a load of 5 N on the alumina ball during 20,000 cycles. The ball was moved on the polished coating surface with a linear speed of 0. 1 m/s. Also drilling tests between a special steel drill bit 12. 5 mm in diameter and the surface of coating were carry out in order to determine the wear resistance to plastic contact. The wear tests results show that, AT-13 coatings are more resistant than AT-45 ones, due to the presence of a αand γalumina, which are high mechanical resistance phases. In the contrary, while AT-45 coatings consist of Al2TiO5 and Al6Ti2O13 phases that are brittle with lower hardnesses. Additionally it was shown that the wear resistance of the plasma sprayed coatings is higher than that those deposited by oxy-acetylene flame because of their more homogeneous structure and better interlamellar cohesion
Delestre, Aurélien. "Polarisation thermique et microstructuration planaire de propriétésoptiques non linéaires du second ordre dans des matériaux vitreux : Etude des verres NaPO3 – Na2B4O7 – Nb2O5." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00562137.
Full textMoustaghfir, Abdellah. "Élaboration et caractérisation de couches minces d'oxyde de zinc.Application à la photoprotection du polycarbonate." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012168.
Full textL'adhésion du revêtement sur un film de polycarbonate a été caractérisée au moyen du test de pelage. Elle dépend des conditions de dépôt. Pour l'améliorer, différents traitements plasma (Ar, Ar-O2, CO2) de courte durée ont été appliqués au polymère. Ils ont augmenté l'énergie de surface du PC, le meilleur traitement étant celui à base de dioxyde de carbone. Ils ont permis une fonctionnalisation de la surface qui a été mise en en évidence par XPS.
L'étude de la photodégradation du PC montre que l'effet photoprotecteur du revêtement de ZnO dépend de son épaisseur et de ses conditions d'élaboration. L'introduction de couches supplémentaires d'alumine a apporté une meilleure protection du PC en évitant l'action photocatalytique de ZnO et en améliorant ses propriétés mécaniques.
Chalmin, Emilie. "CARACTERISATION DES OXYDES DE MANGANESE ET USAGE DES PIGMENTS NOIRS AU PALEOLITHIQUE SUPERIEUR." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120355.
Full textLes diverses phases d'oxyde de manganèse se distinguent par leur composition chimique, leur structure et l'état de valence de l'ion Mn (II, III, IV). La transformation structurale des oxydes lors d'un traitement thermique a été suivie par MET. Ce travail nous a conduit à déterminer des stigmates caractéristiques d'un chauffage, comme des pores dans la bixbyite (Mn2O3).
L'analyse d'échantillons archéologiques provenant de France et d'Espagne a permis d'évaluer le niveau technique des Préhistoriques. La matière picturale est constituée de pigment brut ou mélangé. Cependant aucun pigment noir chauffé n'a été identifié dans les prélèvements analysés.
Eleter, Mohamad. "Synthèse, Caractérisation et évaluation de nouveaux précurseurs azotés pour dépôt de films d'oxydes métalliques MO2 (M = Hf, Zr) par MOCVD à injection liquide." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376276.
Full textYang, Liu. "Caractérisation de couches minces de ZnO élaborées par la pulvérisation cathodique en continu." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919764.
Full textCharpentier, Coralie. "Investigation of deposition conditions and annealing treatments on sputtered ZnO:Al thin films : Material properties and application to microcristalline silicon solar cells." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796955.
Full textAchour, Amine. "Développement des matériaux hybrides à base des nanotubes de carbone et différents oxydes et nitrures pour application aux super-condensateurs électrochimiques, au management thermique et aux systèmes luminescents." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2094.
Full textThe principle objective of the work presented in this manuscript is the use of nanostructured carbon materials (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanowalls) as template in order to synthesis different hybrid nanostructured materials (such as TiN, VN, AIN and ZnO). The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the carbon nanowalls (CNWs) as well as the hybrid materials were synthesised by plasma methods. The structural morphology of different nanostructures was examined by TEM and SEM analyses. XRD, XPS and Micro-Raman spectroscopy were assessed for the physico-chemical analyses of ours nanostructured films. Different potential applications of the obtained hybrid structures in the field of energy storage, thermal management and light emitting devices were proposed. The effect of composition and thickness of the films deposited on the carbon nanostructures were evaluated. A first study was conducted on lowering the CNT growth temperature from 600° C to 420° C (temperature compatible with the process of micro-electronic) without sacrificing their structural quality and growth rate. This was achieved through the use of carbon nickel films (Ni/C) as catalyst supports. A growth mechanism of CNTs on the Ni/C supports was proposed. In a second study, the application of hybrid structures consisting of TiN and VN deposited on CNTs as electrodes in electrochemical capacitor was presented. The hybrid structures of TiN/CNTs have shown exceptional perfermances as electrodes in micro-supercapacitors. Moreover, the improvement of specific capacitance of TiN films has been achieved through the optimization of the deposition conditions of the film. The mechanism of electrochemical charge storage in TiN was proposed for the first time. In a third study, the enhancement of the UV-blue emission in AIN and ZnO films was achieved through use of vertically aligned CNT template. This study highlights the effect of CNT encapsulation on the optical emission of wide band gap materials. Finally, a study was conducted on the thermal transport properties of CNW films for use as thermal interface materials. This study was conducted within the framework of the national project « Nanothermic ». The encapsulation of CNW films by aluminium nitride has identified the limitations and ways to improve our process for increasing the thermal conductivity of CNWs combined with AIN
Michel-Sendis, Franco. "Contribution à l'étude de la production d'U-233 en combustible MOX-ThPu en réacteur à eau sous pression. Scénarios de transition vers des concepts isogénérateurs Th/U-233 en spectre thermique. Développement du code MURE d'évolution du combustible." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158435.
Full textCe travail concerne d'une part le développement d'outils de calcul nécessaires à l'étude neutronique, par simulation Monte Carlo (M.C), des réacteurs nucléaires et de leur combustible. Qu'ils soient de génération future ou de technologie actuelle utilisant un combustible innovant, la simulation des réacteurs par les méthodes M.C. est particulièrement bien adaptée car elle ne repose que sur la connaissance des données nucléaires, et peut traiter des géométries complexes et exactes en effectuant le transport des neutrons à énergie continue.
Le code MURE, qui encapsule le code de transport validé et reconnu MCNP, a été écrit pour simuler l'évolution du combustible sous irradiation. C'est un code modulaire, écrit en C++, qui permet, entre autres, de simuler des évolutions à puissance et à réactivité constantes.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons entrepris l'étude du combustible MOX ThPu en REP en vue de détérminer des teneurs en plutonium satisfaisant les critères de sûreté et avons quantifié la production d'uranium-233 en fin de combustion. Ceci nous permet de considèrer et de valider différents scénarios de transition du parc français vers un parc de réacteurs isogénérateurs utilisant le cycle du thorium, où l'U-233, aura été produit dans des réacteurs à eau sous pression utilisant du MOX thorié.
Mo, Jiongjiong. "Etude et fabrication de MOSFET de la filière III-V." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10026/document.
Full textThe autonomous system requires a power consumption of less than 100μW so that they can recover energy from the environment. MOSFET, being a major component of this system can achieve this low power consumption requirement by improving its performance. III-V materials are of interest to be applied to MOSFET considering its own properties such as high electron thermal mobility, high saturation velocity, and low band gap. So high-performance transistor with low power consumption can be expected by III-V MOSFETs. Fabrication technologies of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs have been developed with its static and dynamic measurements. An IdMAX=180mA/mm, gmMAX=110mS/mm, fT=150GHz and fMAX=47GHz were obtained for a transistor gate length of 50nm. Different ways of improvement were studied including the gate-last process compared with gate-first, the PDA effect, and the PPP effect. The gate-last process shows less degradation of the oxide with better performance than gate-first. PDA has no prominent effect on the performance of transistor. PPA has been shown to have a passivation effect of certain defects in the oxide and interface. Alternative structures have been studied such as the structure MOSHEMT with lattice matched and pseudomorphic, showing best performances like IdMAX=300mA/mm, gmMAX=200mS/mm, fT=200GHz and fMAX=50GHz for a transistor gate length of 100nm. DC performance is far from the state of the art, while the RF performances are among the best. The perspective of this work is to improve the oxide quality by lowering the thermal budget and also to use promising structures as MOS-COMB (MOS-Thin body structure with barrier layer between the oxide and semiconductor). The MOSFET InAs with high-performance could also be expected by reducing the thermal budget during the fabrication
Briault, Pauline. "Développement d'une cellule SOFC de type monochambre pour la conversion en électricité des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993720.
Full textPetit, François. "Etude physicochimique de gamma MnO2 et d'oxydes mixtes de manganèse." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUE5044.
Full textBrendle, Eric. "Etude des propriétés de surface d'oxydes de fer (goethite, hématite) : influence de traitements thermiques." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0467.
Full textSun, Fu. "Caractérisation de revêtements de silicate de lanthane de structure apatite dopé au magnésium réalisés par projection plasma en vue d'application comme électrolyte de pile à combustible de type IT-SOFC." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598644.
Full textBaret, Guy. "Étude thermodynamique et expérimentale de mélanges d'oxydes à basse température de fluage pour l'électronique." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0003.
Full textBresson, Nicolas. "Caractérisation électrique des substrats SOI innovants." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0111.
Full textSilicon On Insulator technology (SOI) presents a considerable interest for the micro-electronics because it gradually replaces bulk silicon technology. These last years, new concepts of structures and new manufacturing units allowed a reduction in the cost of SOI substrates, making this technology competitive for high speed and low power CMOS devices. The aim of this thesis is the investigation of Y-MOS (pseudo-MOSFET) and Hg-FET, two techniques very suitable to compare the quality and the electric parameters of various SOI structures. The second objective is to seek solution for improving the thermal dissipation through the buried oxide, in order to enhance of the performances of the SOI transistors while avoiding an increase in the operating temperature. The first chapter reminds the main SOI wafer processing techniques as well as the differences between SOI and bulk silicon. We present, in the second chapter, the electrical techniques of characterization (Y-MOS and Hg-FET) used for this works. The analysis of the measurement errors, the preparation of the samples and the correlation between Y-MOS and Hg-FET are also included. The third chapter is devoted to the study of the innovating substrates. We present results of characterization, modelling and simulation for ultra-thin silicon films. We also introduce the characterization of ultra-thin BOX and silicon on quartz (SOQ). The fourth chapter is related to the integration of high thermal conductivity materials for SOI MOSFET transistors. Numerical simulations reveal the thermal and electrical benefit when the buried oxide material is changed
Fondard, Jérémie. "Elaboration et test d’une pile à combustible IT-SOFC à support métallique poreux par l’intermédiaire de techniques de dépôt en voie sèche : projection thermique et pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0254/document.
Full textEnergy production by a clean and environmental processes is a real challenge. Fuel cell technology is good candidate to answer this objective. The major problem of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is their high operating temperature (around 1000°C) for a massive industrialisation. Decreasing these temperature at 700°C allows a reduction of cost manufacturing and increase the lifetime, in this case the new challenge is to avoid the performances losses.During this phD work, dry surface treatment processes are employed for produce the fuel cell core. The thickness reduction of each part limit the performances decreasing generate by the modification of the temperature. The materials used is a Ni-Yttria stabilised zirconia cermet (Ni-YSZ) for the anode, YSZ with or without gadolinnia doped ceria (GDC) for electrolyte and rare earth nickelate for the cathode component. All material are a usual employed in the SOFC technology. All coating are synthesized and characterised separately. After a third generation of fuel cell is realized on ITM porous metal support produced by PLANSEE. The anode has been deposit by atmospheric plasma spray, the electrolyte and cathode have been synthesised by reactive magnetron sputtering
Havil, Patrick. "Influence du vieillissement thermique sur les proprietes physico-chimiques et la reactivite des catalyseurs mono et bimetalliques a base de platine et/ou rhodium sur alumine ou sur cerine." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066291.
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