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Academic literature on the topic 'Oxyde de graphène – Propriétés physico-chimiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oxyde de graphène – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
Ferrah, Djawhar. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques d'interfaces par photoémission." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0048/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the chemical and physical properties at the surface or at the interface between thin layers by photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectron diffraction (XPD), and time resolved photoemission (PTR) . The experiments were conducted using an Alka source at INL or soft -X ray synchrotron radiation at Soleil, the French national Synchrotron facility. The first photoemission study has been performed on platinum deposited on thin Gd2(h layers grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on Si (111) substrate. The charge transfer between Pt and 0 at the interface causes a chemical shift to higher binding energies without changing the characteristic shape of the metal XPS peak. The XPD study shows that Pt is partially crystallized into two (111)-oriented do mains on Gd20 3 (111) with the in-plane epitaxial relationships [11 0] Pt (111) / / [11 0] Gd203 (111) and [101] Pt(111)/ / [11 0] Gd20 3 (111). In addition to bi-domains formation of platinum Pt (111) on Gd20 3 (111), a new ordered phase of platinum oxide Pt02 at the Pt/ Gd203 interface have been observed. The study of the background of the polar curves depending of the morphology has shown, that the film of Pt does not wet on the oxide, due to the low energy of interaction at the interface compared to the Pt thin layer. The second study has been interested to the photoemission time-resolved study of non-reactive metal / semiconductor model system. We have studied the thin layer gold (Au) growth on silicon (Si) substrate before and during annealing in TEMPO beam line (synchrotron Soleil).The XPS study, shows before annealing the formation of silicon native oxide on heterostructure at ambient temperature. The desorption of silicon oxide during annealing at low temperature induce photoemission intensity decreases with time. The desorption of oxide and alloy formation (AuSi) induce distribution of pits with cubic form at silicon surface due to gold etching activity. The third photoemission study has concerned thin films of a few layers of graphene obtained by solid-state graphitization from 6H-SiC (0001) substrates have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). The Cls core-level has been resolved into components, which have been associated with carbon from bulk SiC, carbon from graphene and carbon at the interface graphene/ 6H-SiC (0001). Then, the intensity of each of these components has been recorded as a function of polar (azimuth) angle for several azimuth (polar) angles. These XPD measurements provide crystallographic information which clearly indicates that the graphene sheets are organized in graphite-like structure on 6H-SiC(0001), an organization that results of the shrinking of the 6H-SiC (0001) lattice after Si depletion. Finally the decoupling of graphene from 6H-SiC (0001) substrate by oxygen intercalation has been studied from the XPS point of view. Finally, photoemission study has concerned thin film of InP (phosphor indium ) islands grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on SrTi03 (001) bulk substrate have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction (XPS/ XPD).Integration of III-V semi-conductor on silicon wafer, via SrTi03 buffer is currently the subject of intense research because of its potentially interesting applications in future nano-optoelectronics. The Ols, Sr3d, Ti2p, In3d, and P 2p core level area have been studied as function of azimuth angle for different polar angles. Comparison of the XPD azimuth curves of Sr3d and In3d shows that islands InP are oriented (001) with an in-plane epitaxial relationship [110] InP(001 ) // [100] SrTi03 (001). AFM images shows that InP islands are regularly dispersed on the surface. Their shape is a regularly facetted half-sphere
Gomez, Cano Francisco Javier. "Influence of graphene oxide (GO) on TiO2-GO nanostructures applied to water pollution control." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1011.
Full textGrowing environmental concerns have focused research efforts on the development of nanomaterials suitable for water pollution control applications. In this context, graphene oxides (GOs) and their hybrid nanostructures combining TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized to exploit processes such as adsorption and photocatalysis for the removal of organic pollutants from water. The work carried out analyses the influence of the physicochemical properties of GOs, and in particular their oxidation degree, on the structural, electronic, and photoactivity properties of TiO2-GO hybrid nanocomposites. Hybrid nanostructures based on TiO2 and GO were prepared by high-energy milling and photosonication, and complementary characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, SEM/TEM electron microscopy, FT-IR, XPS, and EPR electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied. An in-depth analysis of the experimental results obtained on selective TiO2-GO nanocomposites highlighted the evolution of the physicochemical and morphological properties of the nanostructures as a function of the controlled GO oxidation conditions. Furthermore, theoretical studies using DFT revealed the correlation between the variations of the electronic bandgap and the concentration of functional groups in the GO material. The adsorption and photocatalysis phenomena of the different TiO2-GO compositions were investigated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes with remarkable efficiency. The same experimental approach, which was then studied on biological organisms such as microalgae through the degradation of associated by-products, underlines the interdisciplinary nature of this work. Thus, by systematically studying the oxidation levels of GO and the techniques used to prepare nanocomposites, the work carried out contributes to a deeper understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of TiO2-GO nanocomposites and optimizes their properties and characteristics for efficient photocatalytic activity applied to water purification
La creciente preocupación por el medio ambiente ha centrado los esfuerzos de investigación en el desarrollo de nanomateriales adecuados para aplicaciones de control de la contaminación del agua. En este contexto, se han sintetizado óxidos de grafeno (GOs) y sus nanoestructuras híbridas combinando nanopartículas de TiO2 para explorar procesos como la adsorción y la fotocatálisis para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos del agua. El trabajo realizado analiza la influencia de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los GOs, y en particular su grado de oxidación, sobre las propiedades estructurales, electrónicas y de fotoactividad de los nanocomposites híbridos TiO2-GO. Las nanoestructuras híbridas basadas en TiO2 y GO se prepararon mediante molienda de alta energía y fotosonicasión, y se aplicaron técnicas complementarias de caracterización como difracción de rayos X, espectrometría Raman, microscopía electrónica SEM/TEM, FT-IR, XPS y espectroscopia de resonancia paramagnética electrónica EPR. Un análisis en profundidad de los resultados experimentales obtenidos sobre nanocompuestos selectivos de TiO2-GO puso de manifiesto la evolución de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y morfológicas de las nanoestructuras en función de las condiciones de oxidación controlada del GO. Además, los estudios teóricos mediante DFT revelaron la correlación entre las variaciones del bandgap y la concentración de grupos funcionales en el GO. Los fenómenos de adsorción y fotocatálisis de las diferentes composiciones de TiO2-GO se investigaron mediante la degradación de colorantes azul de metileno (MB) con notable eficacia. El mismo enfoque experimental, que luego se estudió en organismos biológicos como las microalgas mediante la degradación de los subproductos asociados, subraya el carácter interdisciplinario de este trabajo. Así, mediante el estudio sistemático de los niveles de oxidación del GO y de las técnicas empleadas para la preparación de nanocomposites, el trabajo realizado contribuye a profundizar en el conocimiento de las características fisicoquímicas de los nanocomposites TiO2-GO y a optimizar sus propiedades y características para una eficiente actividad fotocatalítica aplicada a la depuración de aguas
Liu, Hang. "In situ investigations of chemical reactions on ZnO-Pt model nanocatalysts for environmentally friendly energy generation sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS201.pdf.
Full textThe ZnO/Pt(111) catalyst has been shown to exhibit remarkable catalytic performances in the low temperature CO oxidation. The identification of the active sites in CO oxidation is important for a mechanistic understanding of the structure-reactivity relationship. We first established a recipe to fabricate ZnO thin films on Pt(111) using e-beam evaporation, characterized by STM and LEED. The film grows in layer-by-layer mode, starting from a graphene-like monolayer tothe ZnO(0001)-Zn terminated surface. The role of the ZnO/Pt boundaries was revealed by STM ex situ after exposure to the O2: CO mixture. To shedlight on the role of the boundaries, a systematic comparative study of the ZnO/Pt(111) catalyst with the Pt(111) surface was under taken. The mass spectroscopy and gas phase NAP-XPS analysis were relevant, to determine the regimes where mass transfer limitation starts to occur, allowing a discussion on the relation between steady-state molar fractions of reactants/product and surface reactivity, and to calibrate the surface density of the adsorbates.Solid phase XPS spectra gave us access to the dynamics of the ZnO monolayer film covering only partially the Pt(111) surface. The role of ZnO-bound hydroxyls was highlighted by the observation of the chemical signature of the CO+OH associative reaction products. The carboxyl formed at the low temperature can be the intermediate species that leads to the evolution of CO2, the OHs at the Pt/ZnO boundary being the co-catalyst, which explains the synergistic effect of ZnO and Pt
Speyer, Lucie. "Élaboration de mousses de graphène par voie solvothermale et modification de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0120/document.
Full textGraphene-based materials have attracted a great interest these last years, due to their outstanding properties. In particular, graphene foams offer a part of the properties of graphene, combined with a high surface area: they show great potentiality in some application domains such as energy. This thesis work is focused on the elaboration of graphene foams by a solvothermal-based process, an original method involving a solvothermal reaction between an alcohol and sodium, followed by a thermal treatment. The study of the compounds produced by the solvothermal reaction and the pyrolysis under a nitrogen flow was lead through multi-scale and complementary characterization techniques: mechanisms of formation of the solvothermal compound and graphenic foams have been proposed. The optimal conditions of pyrolysis were also determined, and provide the obtaining of graphene foams with a high structural quality and a large specific surface area. Furthermore, some types of post-elaboration treatments were carried out: notably, a vacuum annealing significantly improves the structural quality and the purity of the samples. Lastly, the modification of the physico-chemical properties of the foams through the chemistry of carbon materials intercalation has been studied. Graphene films were prepared from the intercalated foams and their electrical properties were evaluated
Haidon, Blaise. "Synthèse de complexes d’actinides à propriétés physico-chimiques contrôlées pour la fabrication de combustibles oxyde." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10086.
Full textConsidering the treatment and recycling of future nuclear fuels, the oxalic conversion, which is used at an industrial scale for plutonium (IV) reprocessing, is the synthesis route considered as a reference for the future actinides oxides elaboration. In order to improve this process, based on the actinide oxalate precipitation and the calcination of the precipitate into oxide, a control of the solid properties at the precipitation step is necessary. This is particularly due to the impact of the oxalate morphology at all the stages of the process, up to the calcination at which the oxalate morphology is kept. This study deals with morphology modulations of tetravalent actinides oxalates, thorium (IV) and plutonium (IV), by addition of organic compounds in the precipitation medium. Several impacts of selected “CHON” additives were identified. The molecules, chosen among the actinides complexing and precipitating agents, can act on the crystal structure of the precipitates, the particles morphology, their size and/or their agglomeration. Solid-state analyses combined with the measurements of solubility, nucleation rates, crystal growth rates and agglomeration kernels, allow to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the morphology modulations. This work shows some differences between the behavior of thorium (IV) oxalate and plutonium (IV) oxalate systems. Their origins are discussed in the manuscript. The multidisciplinary methodology developed during this work leads to suggest how to re inforce the additives morphological impacts which can be useful in view of a transposition to other chemical systems, especially other actinides or mixed actinides oxalates
Benyahia-Bentadjine, Sonia. "Mécanismes de formation et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des interphases epoxy-diamine/métal." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0025.
Full textThe interfacial reactivity between epoxy (DGEBA) and diamine (IPD) monomers and metallic substrates (titanium, aluminum and gold) has been studied using various analytical techniques. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of organic coatings were determined as a function of their thickness and compared to bulk values. An interphase having specific properties and quite different to polymer bulks ones was underlined. Interphase properties were found to be affected by the substrate nature, metallic surface treatments, the diamine nature (whether aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic) and the stoechiometric ratio of epoxy-amine mixture. Reaction mechanisms leading to the interphase formation were determined by studying "modified" monomers by hydrated oxide layer. It was found that the diamine monomer reacts with the metallic surface and induces a chemical etching. Then metallic ions then diffuse through the organic layer to form metal-amine complexes. When a saturation threshold was reached, crystals of modified monomers were observed at room temperature. These complexes induce phase separation during the cure cycle of the epoxydiamine mixture leading to a new network formation. The understanding of these phenomena, allows us to produce bulk materials having the same properties than thin films or interphase
Suwanboon, Sumetha. "Synthèse et caractérisation de ZnO nanométrique par la méthode chimie douce." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20034.
Full textWe have synthesized nanostructured ZnO materials by various ways of soft chemistry techniques, i. E. Sol-gel and pyrosol methods. This research has consisted to study and develop the experiment parameters which influence the structural properties of nanostructured ZnO such as nature of precursor, complexing agent or stabilizer, precursor and dopant concentration. The thermal parameters such as reaction temperature and heat treatment temperature have been optimized as well. The ZnO materials containing of chromium and aluminium have also been studied. The undoped ZnO thin films prepared by dip coating on glass substrate give, in the best case, the approximate size 40 nm. In case of doped ZnO material, ZnO:Al, 10 at. % Al, the sizes reach approximate 5 nm. The ZnO thin films are prepared by pyrosol method giving the smallest size of undoped ZnO about 70 nm and ZnO:Al, 5 at. % Al about 90 nm. Lastly, the ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by precipitation giving the smallest size about 10 nm. The nanocrystalline CrxZn1-xO powders where x is 0. 05, 0. 10 and 0. 15, have exhibited a weak ferromagnetic behavior with Curie temperature of 0. 6, 2. 6 and 7. 1 K, respectively
Péruchon, Laure. "Caractérisations des propriétés photocatalytiques des verres autonettoyants - corrélation entre paramètres physico-chimiques et activité photocatalytique." Lyon 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453175.
Full textGlass is widely used material and especially in constructions. Since 2001, self-cleaning glasses have been launched on the European market. These glasses are based on the photocatalytic property of a submicronic layer of TiO2 deposited on their surface. Under UV-irradiation, TiO2 reacts with the oxygen and water molecules present in the atmosphere to produce free radicals. These radicals are able to degrade organic stains adsorbed on the glass surface. The present work is aimed at a better understanding of the interactions between TiO2 layer and real stains, as well as the photocatalytic physicochemical mechanisms implicated. The influence of different parameters on the self-cleaning glass efficiency has been studied. The photocatalytic degradation of different pollutant families was followed to correlate the nature of the organic compounds to their degradability
El, Moujahid Chaouki. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de systèmes aqueux de tensioactifs non ioniques fluorés." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10009.
Full textLe, Rouzic Mathieu. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des matériaux cimentaires à base d’oxyde de magnésium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1082/document.
Full textMagnesium phosphate cements are the most representative cements of the activated-by-acid cements family. Despite the fact that they are known since the early 20th century, their use in civil engineering is fairly limited. These materials are used for road repairs where the fast compressive strength development is an advantage. Recently they have also been used in wastes stabilization/solidification (S/S), especially with wastes incompatible with Portland cement. The challenges of the use of these cements are related to the nature of their formation reaction: fast, very exothermic, with a very short setting time (only a few minutes).The bonding phase, k-struvite (MgKPO4.6H2O), is obtained from magnesium oxide mixed in water with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4).MgO + KH2PO4 + 5H2O MgKPO4.6H2OThe setting mechanisms are still poorly known and various theories, involving or not secondary product formation, have been suggested. Our researches have aimed to understand the setting mechanisms, as well as the influence of the formulation parameters on the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement. Results show that the formation of k-struvite involved a precipitation-dissolution reaction of an intermediate product, the newberyite (MgHPO4.3H2O). Formation reactions of these two products are controlled by the supersaturation rate and the pH of the solution. The study highlights the strong effect of water on the properties of fresh cement paste. With a low mass ratio e/c in comparison of Portland cement (ratio e/c between 0,1 and 0,25), a slight modification of the ratio (0,02) leads to a segregation and a surface heterogeneity of the cement paste. Among the formulation parameters, the molar ratio MgO/KH2PO4 (Mg/P) seems the most important parameter. Indeed, it impacts most of the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement (compressive strength, setting time, reaction heat, paste fluidity …). Low Mg/P ratios lead to poor water resistance, to crystals formation inside the microstructure that can be seen on the surface of the sample (an efflorescence appearance), and to important swelling of the paste, leading to the cracking of the samples. After the parametric study, a magnesium phosphate cement paste has been defined. Dimensional changes and chemical shrinkage measurement were conducted to understand the mechanisms involved in this swelling phenomenon. In support, microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD, TGA) and leaching tests complete the experimental campaign. The results confirm the influence of a low Mg/P ratio on cement swelling and water resistance. Finally, a study on various additions to the paste has been conducted, with the purpose of improving the cement paste performances. It shows that the addition of an inert filler (siliceous sand or fly ashes) has a retarding effect and reduced the reaction heat