Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxydative capacity'
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Caram, Cyril. "Rôle et fonctionnement des atmosphères naturelles ou faiblement polluées dans la régulation de la capacité oxydante de l’atmosphère terrestre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ008.
Full textThe atmospheric chemistry of halogenated species (Cl, Br, I) plays a role in the global chemical sink of tropospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas that is also the main source of hydroxyl radicals (OH). As a consequence, the chemistry of halogenated compounds can perturb OH, whose concentration reflects the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere, and can therefore influence the atmospheric lifetime of greenhouse gases such as methane. Despite this, tropospheric chemistry of halogen is rarely described in climate-chemistry models. The LMDz-INCA 3-D climate-chemistry model, which is part of the IPSL Earth system model, has been used throughout this thesis to understand and quantify the role of tropospheric halogenated compounds on the photooxidizing chemistry in natural atmospheres. First, the halogenated species, their emission sources and physical sinks, their chemistry were integrated into INCA. A one-year reference simulation was used to carry out an in depth model evaluation. Comparisons were made with compilations of in-situ observations of some halogenated species and with the results from similar models. The representation of this chemistry was shown to correctly simulate the impact of halogens on the photooxidizing system in the troposphere and in particular in the boundary layer. The changes affecting the tropospheric chemical system (Ox, HOx, NOx, CH4 and VOCs) were thus quantified. The chemistry of halogenated species was shown to decrease O3 burden by 22%, that of OH by 8% and that of NOx by 33%.Second, to better understand the effect on the oxidizing capacity, sensitivity tests, consisting of reducing independently the emissions or concentrations of ozone precursors, were carried out. They show that in the presence of the chemistry of halogenated compounds, O3 becomes more sensitive to perturbations in NOx, CH4 and VOC. On the other hand, the OH radical becomes more resilient to these changes since it becomes less dependent on O3 and more dependent on its other chemical sources, which include halogenated species. The comparison between pre-industrial and present-day simulations show that the sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone burden is ~20% lower when the chemistry of halogenated compounds is considered. In order to better understand the resilience of the OH radical to changes in emissions, the recycling probability of OH (r) was quantified. In a pre-industrial scenario, r increases by 12%, thus emphasizing the importance of considering the chemistry of halogens in exploring the oxidative chemistry of past atmospheres. For current conditions, r exceeds 60% on a global average, suggesting that a buffering effect on OH concentrations is occurring. Since changes in ozone burden and oxidative capacity between pre-industrial and present-day simulations are considerable, international exercises aiming at assessing the evolution of these species over the preindustrial, the present and the future periods should account for the role of tropospheric chemistry of halogenated compounds to better quantify the ozone radiative forcing
St-Pierre, Julie. "Déterminants de la capacité oxydative du muscle rouge de la truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25741.pdf.
Full textLousteau, Cédric. "Conversion de la pollution ammoniacale en azote moléculaire par Oxydation en Voie Humide Catalytique (OVHC)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10182/document.
Full textTiO2, ZrO2, CeO2 and CeZrO2 supported noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru and Rh) have been in a first time prepared to be used in the Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of ammonia. The first results show that platinum is the most active metal. Palladium and iridium are the most selective toward nitrogen. Pt/TiO2 is the most interesting catalyst because it combines a very strong activity and a selectivity toward nitrogen close to iridium and palladium. An in-depth study on this catalyst (preparation method, nature of the metallic precursor…) shows that the single parameter which has a negative impact on the selectivity toward nitrogen is the basicity of the catalyst surface. The work realized on the operating conditions (PO2, catalyst weight, pH and ammonia concentration) in the presence of Pt/TiO2 shows the necessity to control the oxidizing function and particularly the nO2/nNH3 ratio. Indeed, if the value of this ratio is too high (nO2/nNH3 >> 0,75) then the selectivity toward nitrogen degrades strongly. To end, PtIr/TiO2 and PtPd/TiO2 bimetallic catalysts have been prepared to combine the activity of the platinum and the selectivity of palladium/iridium to nitrogen. These catalysts are not interesting because their behaviour is similar to the mechanical mixtures. Furthermore, the selectivity toward nitrogen is also degraded for nO2/nNH3 >> 0,75 with these catalysts
Gallois, Annabelle. "Étude du rôle de l'influx capacitif de CA2+ dans la flambée oxydative médiée par l'activation réceptorielle de cellules myéloïdes humaines." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10387.
Full textPoilpré, Emmanuel. "Mécanisme d'adaptation rapide de Saccharomyces cerevisiae en métabolisme oxydatif : implication des sucres de réserve et de la capacité respiratoire." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0007.
Full textThe oxydative metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is studied on chemostat culture by disturbing transient states. It is shown that acetate pulse, spontaneous oscillation, shift-up in dilution rate induce the same cell's response, whose magnitude is determined by the initial pool of the carbohydrates storage. The main event of that response is an activation of the metabolism closely linked with an acceleration of the growth. Trehalose, glycogene and the respiratory capacity play a key role in that adaptation. During such dynamics, because of the high oxydative metabolism and acetate production, we postulate that the pyruvate deshydrogenase by-pass is used to cope with the high glycolytic flux due to the breakdown of the storage material
García, Pérez Martha Estrella. "Caractérisation de composés phénoliques des extraits de ramilles du bouleau jaune : étude de leur capacité antioxidante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19817.
Full textRenault, Valérie. "Modifications de la capacité régénérative du muscle squelettique humain au cours du vieillissement in vivo et in vitro : effets de l'exercice et du stress oxydatif." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077152.
Full textGasnier, Erwan. "Expansion de triplets CTG et arrêt prolifératif précoce des myoblastes DM1." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829312.
Full textGuedj, Annie. "Oxydation photo-assistee du silicium par laser au co2 continu et contribution a l'etude des couches de silice obtenues." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0011.
Full textAubron, Cécile. "Diversité métabolique au sein de l'espèce Escherichia coli : implications dans les capacités d'adaptation et la virulence." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T041.
Full textWe carry out a study of the metabolic diversity for some strains of E. Coli, in order to (i) point out a link between metabolism and virulence and, (ii) improve our understanding of urinary tract infections (UTI). The specific activity of some enzymes from the central metabolism was measured for 5 strains yielded in 4 mediums. We highlight a metabolic diversity, which could be linked to strain's habitats or pathovars. The uropathogenic strain, E. Coli CFT073, favours acetate metabolism and neoglucogenesis during growth in urine. The study of redox homeostasis for 8 E. Coli strains shows an unbalance during exponential phase by comparison with stationary phase. A systemic stress, such as a polytraumatism, is responsible for changes in urine composition, which could be a risk factor of UTI occurrence in unwell intensive care patients
Lamigeon, Cyrile. "Amélioration de la capacité antioxydante de différentes cellules du système nerveux central après transfert du gène codant pour la glutamate décarboxylase." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T236.
Full textMartinet, Christine. "Oxydation du silicium par plasma d'oxygène : Cinétiques de croissance et analyses physiques des couches." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10162.
Full textTonini, Julia. "Exploration métabolique et fonctionnelle dans un modèle de syndrome d’apnées du sommeil : conséquences de l’exposition à l’hypoxie intermittente chez l’homme et le rongeur." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10326.
Full textThe development of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure models enables to isolate one feature of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to study its consequences. IH is responsible for sympathetic hyperactivation, activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 and oxidative stress. Physical deconditioning presented by OSAS patients could be induced by inactivity resulting from excessive daytime sleepiness and IH consequences on muscles. The purposes of these studies were to identify IH induced modifications on dynamic exercise response in healthy Humans and on different muscles in rats. A 14 nights exposure to IH increases ventilatory response as well as diastolic arterial blood pressure with concomitant diminished maximal heart rate. Those responses are compatible with sympathetic hyperactivation and correspond to the ones observed in OSAS patients. On the other hand, metabolic response is positive illustrated by increased lipid utilization. A 35 days exposure to IH induces cardiac hypertrophy compensated by increased contractility and maintained mitochondria density. However, it is associated with a reduction of maximal oxidative capacity of in situ mitochondria and a higher glutathione peroxidase activity. Acute exposure leads to an increase of diaphragm oxidative capacity. On their side, skeletal muscles maintain their oxidative capacity. Physical deconditioning in OSAS should therefore be of cardiac origin. Mitochondria seems implicated in this hypertrophy as well as reactive oxygen species which source remains to be elicited
Auriel, Gérard. "Caractérisation des différents types de défauts crées par injection Fowler-Nordheim dans les capacités MOS. Relation avec le claquage." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20088.
Full textBéguel, Jean-Philippe. "Étude de la capacité antioxydante en lien avec la reproduction chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838503.
Full textSaguet, Thibaut. "Le vieillissement cutané : caractérisation des capacités antioxydantes des fibroblastes et des kératinocytes humains en réponse à un stress photo-induit." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESAA003.
Full textUV A and B take part in photoaging by producing an oxidative stress, and the cutaneous keratinocytes and fibroblasts present antioxidant defence system. The basal antioxidant capacities of fibroblasts from young and adult donors show significant differences : superoxide dismutase activity is higher in fibroblasts from young donors and catalase activity is lower there. The fibroblasts resulting from adult donors are most sensitive to the UVB. The UV A cause an increase in lipid peroxidation in fibroblasts concomitant to an increase in superoxide dismutase activity. On keratinocytes, the UV A generate a reduced catalase activity. Differences between antioxidant defence systems in fibroblasts and keratinocytes appear after an UV A irradiation. Then, keratinocytes appear more resistant to the UV A
Brindisi, Marie-Claude. "Relaxation vasculaire et HDL : rôle de la glycation et de l'oxydation des HDL sur la capacité de ces HDL à contrecarrer les effets inhibiteurs des LDL oxydées sur la vasorelaxation endothélium-dépendante." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOMU05.
Full textContrary to HDL from normolipidaemic and normoglycaemic subjects, HDL from diabetic patients have lost their capacity to reverse the inhibition of vasorelaxation induced by oxidized LDL. Mechanisms involved are unknown. The glycation and oxidation of HDL are two major phenomena in diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the role of glycation (with or without spontaneous oxidation) and oxidation of HDL, on their capacity to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Each state showed the same result, modified HDL lost their vasorelaxing power in stress conditions (with oxidized LDL). Nevertheless, modified HDL alone (without oxidized LDL) did not alter vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine, after noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction. Thus, modifications of HDL induce a loss of the ability to protect vessels from oxidative stress rather than have a direct deleterious effect on the vessel. One of the major mechanisms involved in this phenomenon is probably the loss of SR-BI binding of these modified HDL, that could lead to the inability of HDL to protect caveolae from deleterious effects induced by oxidized LDL and could not preserve NO production. However, though glycation, like oxidation of HDL, leads to these deleterious effects, it would seem that during physiopathological conditions, with the spontaneous oxidation of glycated HDL, oxidation does not aggravate the loss of the capacity of diabetic HDL to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation
Dusart, Nicolas. "Réponses du peuplier soumis à une combinaison de contraintes, ozone et sécheresse : dynamique de la conductance stomatique et des capacités antioxydantes foliaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0070/document.
Full textClimate models indicate that it is very likely that plants will be more and more exposed to two environmental stressors: ground-level ozone (O3) and soil water deficit, both causing oxidative stress to the plant. Under natural conditions, these two factors can be concomitant or successive. Therefore, the impact of O3 and drought requires special attention. In order to determine the defensive responses adopted by trees, two genotypes of Populus nigra x deltoides (Carpaccio and Robusta) were exposed to separate or combined stresses under controlled conditions in growing chambers. To explore the effects of stresses and their interaction, we targeted the plant’s first two levels of defence: i) the control of stomatal opening and closing, ii) the cellular detoxification processes. Our results show that both Carpaccio and Robusta are relatively tolerant to moderate drought thanks to an efficient stomatal control. However, different response strategies were adopted by the two genotypes to cope with O3. For Carpaccio, the strategy is avoidance, and for Robusta, the strategy is maximization of net CO2 assimilation at the expense of leaves. This results in a difference in the stomatal closure. The two genotypes do not face the same flow of O3 entering the leaves. This impacts cellular detoxification in which glutathione seems to play a major role. Also, the activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (MDHAR, DHAR and GR) and/or the expression of genes encoding these proteins are modified. Under combined stresses, the water deficit protects the plant from the O3-induced oxidative stress by amplifying the stomatal closure. Nevertheless, the tree growth is impacted by the additive effect of the two stresses. Furthermore, the induction of different hormonal regulatory pathways by the two stressors could modify the complex "cross-talk" regulating the response to combined stress. Finally, in the case of a succession of stresses, exposure to O3 prior to a drought episode has a weak impact on the tree's response. However, O3 induced a stomatal sluggishness in closure despite the cessation of fumigation. It is therefore necessary to take into account stomatal closure and sluggishness induced by O3 and water deficit in the stomatal conductance models used to calculate the indicator of O3 flux inside the leaves, PODy (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of y nmol O3 m-2.s-1)
Tirano, Sauveur. "Intégration et caractérisation électrique d'éléments de mémorisation à commutation de résistance de type back-end à base d'oxydes métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4713/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the electrical characterization and physical modeling of emerging OxRRAM memories (Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory) integrating nickel or hafnium oxide. After reaching maturity, this memory concept is likely to replace the Flash technology which is still a standard in the CMOS industry. The main advantages of resistive memories technology is their good compatibility with CMOS processes, a small number of manufacturing steps, a high integration density and their attractive performances in terms of memory operation. The first objective of this thesis is to provide enough informations allowing to orientate the elaboration process of the active nickel oxide layer (thermal oxidation, reactive sputtering) then to compare the performances of the fabricated cells with devices featuring a hafnium oxide layer. The second objective is to understand the physical mechanisms responsible of the device resistance change. A physical model is proposed allowing to apprehend SET and RESET phenomenon in memory devices, subject which is still widely debated in the scientific community. The third objective of this thesis is to evaluate electrical parasitic phenomenon observed in 1R-type memory elements (resistive element without addressing device), in particular the parasitic capacitance appearing during cell programming (writing operation)