Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxide silicium'
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Rauer, Caroline. "Collage de silicium et d'oxyde de silicium : mécanismes mis en jeu." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI088/document.
Full textDirect wafer bonding refers to a process by which two mirror-polished wafers are put into contact and held together at room temperature by adhesive force, without any additional material. This technology feasible at an industrial scale generates wide interest for the realization of stacked structures for microelectronics or microtechnologies. In this context, a precise understanding of bonding mechanisms is necessary. Consequently, the aim of this work is to study the bonding mechanisms for hydrophobic silicon reconstructed surfaces and hydrophilic deposited silicon oxides surfacesIn this study, bonding of hydrophobic silicon reconstructed surfaces and bonding of hydrophilic deposited silicon oxides prepared either by plasma activation or chemical-mechanical polishing were analyzed, as a function of post-bonding annealing temperature. For this, several characterization techniques have been used: bonding energy measurement, acoustic microscopy in order to observe defectivity, infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray reflectivity. Thus the bonding interface closure has been analyzed from a chemical and mechanical point of view and bonding mechanisms have been proposed for the studied bonded structures. Finally the study of deposited silicon oxide bonding prepared either by plasma activation or by chemical-mechanical polishing has lead to some recommendations for efficient and high quality deposited silicon oxides bonding
Nicolaï, Julien. "Caractérisation, compréhension et modélisation de l'évolution des défauts induits par des cycles thermiques dans le silicium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4305/document.
Full textSilicon is the prefered material of the Microelectronics industry. The increase of its cost incited the industries to optimize the use of wafers. Recycling them thus became current : it is the case for test wafers or SOI wafers. However, recycling presents limits : during the cycles, wafers quality decreases more or less quickly. Impact of process cycles on wafers quality is thus very important. High-temperature annealing is the most detrimental process. To understand what phenomena are involved during annealing cycles, samples which have been cycled were studied by differents techniques. LST and TEM were quite particularly used, coupling global measurements of defects density and size with local measurements to determine defects characteristics. Interstitial oxygen loss during cycles were measured by FTIR. We found that every cycle is composed by a defects nucleation stage, mainly precipitates of silicon oxide, and a growth stage. The determination of morphology and precipitates stoichiometry was realized. The behavior of these precipitates was described by a model taking into account various phenomena : oxygen loss, point defects distribution and cycles effects (ramp up/down and high-temperature stage). The robustness of the model was also tested by comparing the predictions made with the results taken from the bibliography
Mortada, Oussama. "Conception et réalisation de micro-résonateurs piezoélectriques sur substrat de silicium sur isolant." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0075/document.
Full textThe acoustic waves, theoretically demonstrated in 1885 by the English scientist Lord Rayleigh, are nowadays an interesting research subject. It became essential to the fabrication of miniature and efficient systems of telecommunication, such as filters, oscillators or sensors. Devices using the acoustic waves are known as piezoelectric devices, because they transform RF signal into acoustic waves, and vice versa, thanks to the direct piezoelectric phenomenon. The development of these piezoelectric devices was essential to meet the particular and extreme requirements of the current systems of telecommunication (selectivity, miniaturization, low cost, ease of manufacturing and integration). This thesis is part of a global approach to develop the piezoelectric devices, notably the piezoelectric micro-resonators which constitute the latest generation. Two main axes have been developed during the research work: the theoretical study of piezoelectric micro-resonators through an electric modelling, on one hand, and, on the other hand, the description of the manufacturing processes accomplished in clean room of XLIM’s laboratory
Benhammou, Younes. "Développement de SPADs (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes) à cavité de germanium sur silicium en intégration 3D avec une technologie silicium CMOS 40nm." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI123.
Full textThis thesis deals with a family of photo-detectors called SPAD for Single Photon Avalanche Diodes which are a PN junctions reverse biased beyond the breakdown voltage. SPADs diodes are known to have very good performance in detecting low light fluxes with an extremely fast response. In order to improve the near infrared detection efficiency of SPAD diodes on silicon, the objectives of the thesis are to design, manufacture and characterize a new generation of SPAD photodiodes in 40nm CMOS technology by integrating a germanium cavity. The work carried out includes i) design and simulation using TCAD tools to propose an optimized original architecture, ii) development of the process flow in industrial imager technological with the creation of new bricks such as etch of the cavity and epitaxy of germanium in-situ doped 3) the electro-optical characterization of the manufactured devices. The results obtained reveal technological difficulty to produce a silicon-germanium heterojunction without defects. Nevertheless, the measurements carried out demonstrated the ability of this new family of germanium cavity SPADs on a silicon platform to detect wavelengths up to 1300nm, demonstrating a strong potential for time of light applications
Ventosa, Caroline. "Étude des mécanismes mis en jeu dans le collage direct de surfaces hydrophiles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10214.
Full textDirect wafer bonding refers to a process by which two mirror-polished wafers are put into contact and held together at room temperature by adhesive forces, without any additional materials. This technology contains many interests applied to the realization of stack structures microelectronic or micro-technologies. Therefore, the use of direct wafer bonding is growing and extending to various materials. In this context, a precise understanding of bonding mechanisms is necessary to the control of the wafer bonding technology. Consequenltly, the aim of this work is to study wafer bonding mechanisms in the case silicon and silicon oxide substrates, with hydrophilic surfaces. In this study, mechanisms are proposed thanks to a rough surface model. Indeed, the surface roughness allows one to explain the interface closure through an increase of the contact points. It is put in evidence that the interface closure does not occur through a rapprochement of surfaces presented until now. We showed that the rough surface model previously created from hydrophobic Si-Si bonding, is entirely transposable to hydrophilic bonding of Si-Si, Si-SiO2 and SiO2-SiO2 structures. The behavior of silicon oxide layers is studied as a function of the post-bonding annealing temperature and for different processes. For this, two complementary characterization techniques have been used : X-Ray Reflectivity and infrared spectroscopy. Finally, the validation of the wafer bonding mechanisms has been demonstrated through Si-Si bonding, of which the surface has been modified
Gelin, Simon. "Dépôt de films d'oxyde de silicium par vaporisation sous vide : dynamique moléculaire et expériences." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1117/document.
Full textSilica thin films are widely used as low index layers in antireflective coatings. In the ophthalmic industry, they are deposited at ambient temperature, by electron beam vaporization. This process generates large compressive stresses which make the coatings susceptible to damage. It is thus crucial to understand how these stresses emerge. However, this problem is highly complex because many process parameters may play a role: substrate and residual gas properties, characteristics of the deposition chamber, of the electron gun, growth rate,… Moreover, these parameters may depend on each other and affect several phenomena at the same time. In this thesis, numerical simulations and experiments are performed in order to identifiy the mechanisms responsible for the generation of compressive stresses during film growth. The experiments reveal three regimes of growth, depending on the residual gas pressure. Near ultra high vacuum, where the effect of residual gas is negligible, films grow under compression. Then, as pressure increases, incorporation of gas species in the films slightly compresses them. Eventually, when pressure is high enough so that vaporized particles are slowed down by collisions with gas particles, the level of compression significantly decreases; this rapidly masks the incorporation effect. Molecular dynamics simulations allow us to explore the ideal vacuum limit. By depositing silica films in a vast ensemble of conditions, we find that their compressive state of stress is solely controlled by the mean kinetic energy of incident particles. Comparison with experiments suggests that this energy is equal to a few eV, which is at least ten times greater than predictions from the literature on deposition. This unexpected result leads us to refute the idea that electron beam vaporization would be equivalent to simple themal heating. We confirm this experimentally, by comparing films deposited from silicon monoxide either thermally evaporated or vaporized using an electron beam: the formers grow under tension while the latters under compression. Finally, we explain the ejection of particles of a few eV as coming from the very low electrical conductivity of silica: under electronic irradiation, charges accumulate at its surface and accelerate the charged vaporized particles by Coulombian repulsions
Coux, González Patricia De. "Intégration de films épitaxiés de CoFe2O4 ferrimagnétiques sur silicium." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2273/.
Full textThe integration of ferromagnetic and electrically insulating at room temperature CoFe2O4 thin films with silicon could be used as tunnel barrier in a spin filter device as an alternative to the injection using ferromagnetic electrodes and passive tunnel barriers. The thermodynamical instability between CoFe2O4 and Si imposes the use of a buffer layer for its epitaxial integration. The challenging goal is therefore fabricating ultrathin epitaxial CoFe2O4/buffer bilayers on silicon in order to preserve ferromagnetism and allow the tunnel transport. The followed strategy was based on investigating in parallel several buffer candidates to grow CoFe2O4 by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). We have used thick SrTiO3 buffers fabricated by collaborators at INL-Lyon, which is epitaxial and ferromagnetic. However, there is diffusion of Ti into CoFe2O4 and the SrTiO3/Si(001) interface could be unstable. The epitaxial growth mechanism of yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) was investigated to determine the limits reducing the YSZ thickness and the interfacial layer by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) assisted PLD. The total thickness of CFO/YSZ/SiOx is excessive for a tunnel device. Sc2O3 and Y2O3 buffers on Si(111), provided by collaborators at IHP-Frankfurt Oder presents a huge lattice mismatch with CoFe2O4, but allows it epitaxial growth by domain matching epitaxy with a magnetization close to the bulk value. The absence of interfacial SiOx layer in the CoFe2O4/Y2O3/Si(111) sample indicates that Y2O3 is a very promising buffer layer and maybe convenient for the nanometric structure required in a spin filter
Mathur, Shashank. "Croissance et structure à l'échelle atomique d'un nouveau matériau cristallin bidimensionnel à base de silicium et d'oxygène." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY019/document.
Full textSilicon oxide is a widely abundant compound existing in various forms from amorphous to crystalline, bulk to porous and thin films. It is a common dielectric in microelectronics and widely used host for nanoparticles in heterogenous catalysis. Its amorphous nature and the ill-defined complex three dimensional structure is a hurdle to the understanding of its properties down to the smallest scales. Resorting to epitaxially grown ultra-thin phase (also called a two-dimensional material) can help overcome these issues and provide clear-cut information regarding the structure and properties of the material.In this thesis, studies were aimed at growing this promising novel phase of silicon oxide. Using surface science tools, including scanning tunelling microscopy (STM) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) supported by density functional theory calculations, the atomic structure was resolved to high resolution. The monolayer was found to have a hexagonal arrangement of the [SiO4] tetrahedra chemisorbed on the surface of Ru(0001) into specific sites. This lattice of monolayer silicon oxide was also found to coexist with an oxygen reconstruction of the bare Ru(0001) inside each silicon oxide cell.The growth of this monolayer was monitored in real-time by in operando RHEED studies. These experiments provided with insights the domain size evolution and the build up/release of strain field during the growth that. Based on the experimental observations, a growth mechanism leading to the formation of monolayer silicon oxide could be proposed in terms of geometrical translations of the atomic species on the surface of Ru(0001) support. This mechanism results in unavoidable formation of one-dimensional line-defects that were precisely resolved by the STM
Garbi, Ahmed. "Développement de nouveaux procédés d’isolation électrique par anodisation localisée du silicium." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0072/document.
Full textThe microelectronic industry is still ruled up to now by the law of miniaturization or scaling. In particular, in CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology, the oxide allowing electric isolation between p- and n-MOS transistors has also been scaled down and has then exhibited different technological processes going from LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) to STI (shallow trench isolation) and arriving to FIPOS (full isolation by porous oxidation of silicon). The latter seems to be the most promising alternative solution that can overcome actual limitations of voiding and dishing encountered in the STI process. The approach, which is based on selective formation of porous silicon and its easy transformation to silicon dioxide, has aroused our motivation to be well studied. In this context, the PhD project has first focused on the understanding of electrochemical porous silicon formation, and then on the study of porous silicon oxidation. In a first part of our work, we emphasize the dependence of porous silicon formation with the silicon doping concentration through the investigation of current-voltage I-V characteristics measured on p- and n-type silicon electrodes during electrochemical anodization. Taking advantage of this dependence, we have developed a very simple electrochemical method allowing an accurate determination of doping profiles in p-type silicon. It has been shown that the depth resolution of the technique is readily linked to the doping level and it approaches that of the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis for high doping concentrations with an estimated value of 60 nm/decade. In a second step, we highlight the selective formation of oxidized porous silicon. In fact, with a correct choice of the applied potential during anodization, only highly doped regions implanted on a lightly doped silicon wafer are preferentially turned into porous silicon and subsequently oxidized. Furthermore, we give the optimum conditions for oxidation and anodization processes which result in an insulating oxide of reliable dielectric properties
Bruhat, Elise. "Développement de cellules photovoltaïques silicium à homojonction industrialisables à contacts passivés." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI128.
Full textFor the deployment of renewable energies, the development of cheaper and more efficient solar cells remains an issue to make photovoltaic electricity even more attractive. While homojunction-based silicon solar cell technologies dominate the global market, the performances of these structures can be further improved. Indeed, the direct contact between the metal grid and the highly doped junction is a source of recombination losses. To overcome these limitations, new structures are emerging such as silicon-based passivated contacts solar cells. These structures aim at integrating of passivating layers between the crystalline silicon substrate and the metal grid, thus drastically reducing the recombination phenomena within the devices. Silicon heterojunction (a-Si:H/c-Si) cells remain the most well-known passivated contact technology. Nevertheless, this mature technology is still limited by its fabrication process which is far from the industrial standard, and is hardly compatible with temperatures exceeding 250 ° C. In addition, the use of expensive and potentially toxic indium in the Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) layers has restrained up to now the expansion towards mass industrialization of the process. Thus, it is necessary to develop new passivated contacts technologies compatible with high temperature (above 800°C), implementable in a standard production line. This study explores new paths for passivating contact technologies thanks to ultrathin layers of oxides or dielectrics/TCO stacks deposited on silicon homojunctions as well as poly-silicon on thin oxide junctions. In order to limit the resistive losses and potentially limit recombination losses in the contacted areas, intermediate TCO layers have been developed. In this perspective, this works aims at investigating the development of Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) layers by both Magnetron Sputtering (MS) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for passivated contact solar cells. These layers, also used in combination with dielectric materials have been integrated and then tested in photovoltaic devices
Gharbi, Ahmed. "Développement de nouveaux procédés d'isolation électrique par anodisation localisée du silicium." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694394.
Full textPelloquin, Sylvain. "LaAlO3 amorphe déposé par épitaxie par jets moléculaires sur silicium comme alternative pour la grille high-κ des transistors CMOS." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694351.
Full textGeiskopf, Sébastien. "Étude de la structure et des propriétés optiques d’alliages de SiP et de films minces d’oxydes de silicium riches en phosphore." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0024/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the structural and optical properties of SiP and phosphorus rich silicon oxide thin films. In phosphorus rich Si films annealed at 1100˚C, the formation of SiP crystallites coexisting with Si polycrystals is observed. SiP, which crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure, is a lamellar material which is of potential interest for the development of new 2D materials. The vibrational characterizations are in good agreement with DFT calculations for the SiP alloy. Photoluminescence measurements further suggest that SiP is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a gap of 1.5 eV. In the case of phosphorus-rich silicon oxide thin films, the structural and optical properties are studied over a wide range of phosphorus concentrations. The photoluminescence intensity of Si nanocrystals follows a complex evolution as the amount of phosphorus increases. For low phosphorus contents, the photoluminescence intensity increases which is interpreted by an increase in the density of nanocrystals and by a passivation effect by phosphorus of the electronic states located at the nanocrystal/matrix interface. Photoluminescence measurements at low temperatures revealed a phosphor-related electronic state located at 0.6 eV below the Si nanocrystal conduction band. This result shows the possibility to incorporate electrically active phosphorus atoms into Si nanocrystals. For phosphorus contents higher than 0.3 at.%, the photoluminescence intensity of Si nanocrystals decreases and then disappears completely. This is related on the one hand to the formation of Si nanocrystals having sizes larger than the exciton Bohr radius in Si (i.e. 5 nm) and on the other hand to the formation of SiP2 nanoparticles crystallizing in an orthorhombic structure. For phosphorus contents above 3 at.%, only SiP2 nanoparticles are observed in the films. The spectroscopies associated with transmission electron microscopy confirm the stoichiometry of the SiP2 compound. The vibrational properties are in excellent agreement with DFT calculations for the SiP2 alloy
Lachaume, Raphaël. "Contribution à la caractérisation électrique et à la simulation numérique des cellules photovoltaïques silicium à hétérojonction." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT028/document.
Full textBy combining the advantages of thin-films and crystalline silicon (c-Si), the silicon heterojunction solar cell technology (HET) achieves a better cost-performance compromise than the technology based only on c-Si. The aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms which govern the performance of these cells by taking advantage of specific characterization and simulation skills taken from microelectronics. Our study focuses on the front-stack of the n type cell composed of thin layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). We begin with a theoretical and experimental study of the conductivity of a-Si:H layers as a function of temperature, doping concentration and bulk defects density. It is important to properly take into account the dopant/defect equilibrium of these layers but we also show that the work function of the electrodes in contact, such as the ITO, can strongly influence the Fermi level in the nano-films of a-Si:H. Then, we evaluate seven characterization techniques dedicated to the work function extraction in order to identify the most suitable one for studying degenerate semiconductors such as the ITO. We particularly show the interest of using original microelectronics techniques such as capacitance C(V), leakage current I(V) and internal photoemission (IPE) measurements on ITO/bevel oxide/silicon test structures. We clearly demonstrate that the ITO bulk properties can be optimized, yet the interfaces have a major influence on the extracted values of the effective work function (EWF). A good overall consistency has been obtained for C(V), I(V) and IPE measurements on a silicon dioxide bevel (SiO2) ; the extracted values enabled us to explain experimental results concerning the optimization of HET cells. We show that the open circuit voltage (Voc) of these devices is finally barely sensitive to work function, unlike the Fill Factor (FF). This is due to the a-Si:H layer. The more it is doped, defective and thick, the more it is able to screen the electrostatic variations of EWF. Thus, EWF must be sufficiently high to be able to reduce the p a-Si:H layer thickness and, in turn, to gain in short-circuit current (Jsc) without losing either in FF or Voc. Finally, we successfully applied this methodology to other types of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) differing from ITO. The best candidate to replace ITO must not only have a high optical transparency, be a good conductor and have a high EWF, but we must also pay close attention to the possible interface degradations caused by the deposition techniques
Jeloaica, Léonard. "Etude ab initio des mécanismes réactionnels dans la phase initiale du dépôt par par couches atomiques des oxydes à moyenne et forte permittivité sur silicium." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30077.
Full textThis work attempts to bring a new light on the understanding of some critical aspects of the physicochemical processes that control Alumina, Zirconia and Hafnia ALD growth, yet not sufficiently understood. These materials are addressed as potentially best candidates to replace gate dielectric SiO2 in the near future electronic applications. Most accurate ab initio correlated methods, like couple-cluster CCSD(T) and CISD(T), with different basis sets functions, as well as the available experimental data have been used for testing by a systematic study the accuracy and the reliability of DFT B3LYP functional. Our results have claimed this hybrid-DFT method to be chosen in predicting of high accurate static and dynamic properties throughout the family of organometallic-like (AlxCyHzOt) and transition metal-based (Zr/HfxClyOzHt) molecular systems. First systematic study of torsional potential surfaces of TMA has been performed and the related features of the hindered rotors of the methyl groups revealed with high accuracy. Laying on these accurate results we have also proposed least-squared fit methods to determine frequency scaling factors subject to different thermodynamic properties and/or thermal conditions. Many-step reaction mechanisms of ALD gas phase precursors of each of the three oxides with residual water, or regime of low pressure H2OÓALD pulses, have been studied in detail. Strong anharmonic internal movements of molecular species throughout the hydrolysis reactions have been observed and qualitatively discussed in relation with their possible effects on the reactions' kinetics. TMA/H2O reactions have been validated as strongly exothermic, while Hafnium and Zirconium tetrachlorides have founded to react endothermically with single H2O molecule. We have also studied in detail reaction mechanisms of the related on-surface ALD-complexes with water vapors. Our theoretical investigations address to the initial stage of ALD growth, more s pecifically on SiO2/Si(001)-2x1 like surfaces. The proposed many-step mechanisms, similar to those discussed for the gas phase, confirmed again the strong reactivity of H2O molecule with on-surface Aluminum hydroxymethylides, and responds strong endothemically as for the hydroxylation of Zirconium and Hafnium on-surface hydroxychlorides. The last two proved a very similar surface chemistry. Finally the cooperative effects of H2O molecules have been considered in our models of reactions, and have revealed dramatic influences on the reactivity Zirconium- and Hafnium hydroxychlorides surfaces. Our results proved the importance of both cooperative interactions of on-surface complexes and H2O molecules in the case of the Zirconia and HafniaÓALD growth, while for Aluminum oxide, presently considered ideal for ALD growth, these effects seem of secondary importance
Gao, Pengcheng. "Matériaux carbonés nanostructurés pour supercapacités électrochimiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20028/document.
Full textVarious nanostructured carbon materials were synthesized and further served as active materials of electrical double layer capacitor or substrates of pseudocapacitive materials in order to improve power capability of corresponding supercapacitor. On the one hand, a simple synthesis of porous silicon carbides (SiCs) was achieved by performing a topotactic thermal reduction by magnesium (Mg) of a silica/ carbon composite. Thanks to the low synthetic temperature (below 800 ºC), the SiCs well preserved the pristine skeletons of their silica/carbon precursors. Successively, the SiCs with diverse porous structures from their silica/carbon precursor emerged, e.g. ordered tunable mesoporous SiCs, 3D-hierarchical meso and macroporous SiC, SiC nanosheet and SiC nanofiber. Furthermore, the porous SiCs derived from magnesio-thermal reduction were reduced to hierarchical carbons with newborn narrow distributed microporosity by chlorination. In an organic electrolyte, the hierarchical carbon combines the high specific capacitance from narrow distributed microporosity and the outstanding rate capability from ordered-arranged meso or macroporosity that make it promising for high power and energy density capacitor. On the other hand, a “benzyl alcohol route” has been used to decorate RGO nanosheets with FeOx nanoparticles. The resulting FeOx/ RGO composite, due to their hybrid nanostructure, combine both EDLC capacitive and pseudocapacitive bahaviors of RGO and FeOx, respectively. Thanks to the laminated RGO and nano FeOx particles film, the resulting composite gains the same power capability as RGO and a higher energy density than raw FeOx. Furthermore, mesoporous carbon was introduced to adorn the CNF surface through self-assemble of resol, carbon nanofiber(CNF) and Pluronic@127. After further coating with birnessite-MnO2, the composite electrode gains extra capacitance and power improvement in presence of superficially coating mesoporous carbon with pore size larger than 10nm
Weimmerskirch, Jennifer. "Propriétés de luminescence et caractérisation structurale de films minces d'oxydes de silicium dopés au cérium et codopés cérium-ytterbium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0180/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the structural characterization and the photoluminescence properties of thin silicon oxide films doped with rare earths The films are doped with cerium. The co-doping with both cerium and ytterbium is also studied in the case of SiO 2 layers. It is shown that in oxides with composition SiO1, cerium plays an important role in the structure and chemical organization of the oxide, in particular by promoting phase separation of the oxide. The exposure to a focused laser beam generates a local demixtion favored by cerium. For thin SiO1,5 films containing both cerium and silicon nanocrystals, we are able to follow the phase separation occuring between Si nanocrystals and Ce rich aggregates using both atom probe tomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The luminescence properties of dopants are discussed in connection with the microstructure of the host matrix. For all these systems, the formation of a cerium silicate with composition Ce2Si2O7 is observed at high temperature (> 1100 ° C). The cerium present either as isolated Ce3+ ions or in a silicate emits intensely at 400 nm (blue) at room temperature, which might be of interest for the development of blue light emitting diodes fully compatible with the Si technology. Finally, an energy transfer from Ce3+ ions to Yb3+ ions is demonstrated in thin SiO2 films opening the route to possible applications in the field of photovoltaics
Demoulin, Rémi. "Etude structurale et cartographie du dopage dans des oxydes nanostructurés à base de sillicium." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR086/document.
Full textThe change of silicon optical and electrical properties induced by size reduction, due to the quantum confinement of charged carriers, is a well-known effect and allowed to develop new optoelectronic devices. As in bulk silicon, doping should allow to optimize these properties in nanostructured silicon. However, the characteristics of doping of nanostructured silicon still misunderstood and many questions, concerning the location of impurities and their activation state, remain unanswered. Moreover, in these materials, the environment of impurities seems to inuence strongly all of their properties. The purpose of this thesis is to get a better understanding of structural characteristics of doping at the atomic scale in function of the nature of the impurity, the host matrix, and the elaboration technic. In this way, we have investigated two di_erent systems using atom probe tomography. The first concerns a rare earth doping of hafnium silicates. We have evidenced that the clustering of HfO2 nano-grains crystallized in their cubic form induced an efficient energy transfer with praseodymium ions. The second system concern the n and p type doping of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silica. We have demonstrated the important introduction of n type impurities (As, P) in the core of every nanocrystals, independently of the elaboration technic. This introduction of impurities should allow the formation of highly doped silicon nanocrystals. A different behavior has been observed in the case of p type doping, represented by the aggregation of Boron at the interface between the nanocrystals and the silica matrix
Steveler, Émilie. "Etude des mécanismes de photoluminescence dans les nitrures et oxydes de silicium dopés aux terres rares (Er, Nd)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0109/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of radiative transitions in rare-earth (Er, Nd) doped silicon oxide and silicon nitride thin films. The optical characterization of thin films prepared by thermal evaporation is based on photoluminescence spectroscopy. In this work, we investigate indirect excitation processes of Er3+ and Nd3+ ions in silicon based materials. In silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride, an energy transfer leading to the indirect excitation of Er3+ ions is demonstrated. For amorphous samples, the sensitization of Er3+ ions is attributed to localized electronic states in the matrix bandgap. For samples annealed at high temperature, silicon nanocrystals play a major role in the indirect excitation of erbium. In silicon oxide thin films, we evidences that both direct and indirect excitation processes of Nd3+ ions occur. For amorphous samples, indirect excitation occurs thanks to localized electronic states in the matrix bandgap. For samples annealed at temperatures above 1000 °C, silicon nanocrystals are sensitizers of Nd3+ ions. Results suggest that indirect excitation thank to localized states in the matrix bandgap could be more efficient than indirect excitation thanks to silicon nanocrystals
Sarpi, Brice. "Etude in-situ de la formation d'oxyde ultra-mince de magnésium sur substrats métalliques et semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4329/document.
Full textThis PhD work was dedicated to studying the fundamental mechanisms driving the controlled growth of ultra-thin oxide films. An experimental set-up was designed to finely control the growth parameters under UHV conditions while allowing the study of such oxide layers in situ with STM-STS, AES and LEED. Using an original method based on alternate cycles of Mg monolayer adsorption and RT oxidation, we focused on the formation of systems exhibiting a wide range of potential applications: MgO/Si(100) and MgO/Ag(111). The MgO/Si(100) system revealed the growth of an ultra-thin Mg2Si layer at the interface between the MgO and the silicon. In agreement with thermodynamic calculations, a crystallization of this interlayer driven by a partial decomposition of the Mg2Si to a MgO oxide was shown to occur at RT. From ex situ TEM experiments, the involved epitaxial relationship highlighted the formation of an MgO / Mg2Si (11-1) / Si(001) heterostructure. A sharp interface with the silicon was formed, as much as an ultra-thin and amorphous MgO layer exhibiting both a good homogeneity and a high insulating character (bandgap of 6 eV).In the MgO/Ag(111) system, no interfacial alloy formation and a « liquid-like » growth for the Mg were evidenced at RT, using our experimental results coupled with the ab initio calculations performed by our co-workers at LAAS laboratory. Later, a double-layering O/Mg/O/Mg/Ag(111) grown at RT followed by UHV annealing at 430°C resulted in the stabilization of a polar MgO(111) ultra-thin film, which was characterized using LEED and STM-STS. The physicochemical properties of this polar oxide and the potential origin of its stability were discussed
Sciancalepore, Corrado. "Intégration hétérogène III-V sur silicium de microlasers à émission par la surface à base de cristaux photoniques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915280.
Full textPansiot, Julien. "Élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation de nouvelles varistances à base de dioxyde d’étain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10032.
Full textMany investigations have been conducted on semiconductive ceramics with a tin dioxide matrix, particularly in the high electric field and high current density ranges. The sintering process has been optimized, in order to obtain compounds with electrical properties compatible with the varistor application. Among the many dopants studied, two elements produced a remarkable electrical behavior. By doping SnO2 grains with Aluminium (III) allows an increase of their apparent conductivity and hence, widens the working range of tin oxide based compounds, up to the ZnO varistors ones. It appears that the silicium is located on the grain boundaries in the ceramic microstructure. This element reduces strongly the effective surface of the grain boundaries and causes an important diminution of the varistors working range. Simultaneously, the current-voltage behavior appears to be like those observed for a Zener diode, with non-linearity coefficients higher than 100 and nearly ideal variation profiles. The conduction modelling in the SnO2-SnO2 grain boundary area reflects that these ceramics present theoretically a higher potential than ZnO based ceramics, due to a wider SnO2 bandgap. A brief technico-economical comparison has been proposed in order to highlight the competitiveness between the two materials for the varistor applications
Ourak, Mohamed. "Génération d'ondes élastiques de surface focalisées et applications au contrôle non destructif des céramiques." Valenciennes, 1985. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/08205281-2eb2-4571-a6c1-9b61b8e5992e.
Full textMierzwa, Maciej. "Électrodes macroporeuses d’oxyde d’indium dopé à l’étain préparées par électrofilage pour l’analyse spectroélectrochimique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0330/document.
Full textThere is a growing interest in finding new and commercially viable methods of performing a spectroelectrochemical analysis which combines electrochemical and spectral techniques. For this purpose, an electrode material that is transparent and conductive needs to be prepared. In this work, such electrode was prepared by electrospinning which is a technique capable of forming very thin fibers with high surface area. Those electrodes were also covered with additional layer of porous and functionalized silica to maximize the surface area and introduced additional sensing properties. This material was used in the detection of methylene blue which is an industrial dye and an environmental pollutant. It was found that using such electrode it was possible to detect concentrations that are smaller than the harmful environmental levels. Finally, the layers were also used with success to generate luminescence which is opening new prospects for the design of spectroelectrochemical sensors
Ouaida, Rémy. "Vieillissement et mécanismes de dégradation sur des composants de puissance en carbure de silicium (SIC) pour des applications haute température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10228/document.
Full textSince 2000, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have been available on the market offering tremendous performances. This leads to really high efficiency power systems, and allows achieving significative improvements in terms of volume and weight, i.e. a better integration. Moreover, SiC devices could be used at high temperature (>200°C). However, the SiCmarket share is limited by the lack of reliability studies. This problem has yet to be solved and this is the objective of this study : aging and failure mechanisms on power devices for high temperature applications. Aging tests have been realized on SiC MOSFETs. Due to its simple drive requirement and the advantage of safe normally-Off operation, SiCMOSFET is becoming a very promising device. However, the gate oxide remains one of the major weakness of this device. Thus, in this study, the threshold voltage shift has been measured and its instability has been explained. Results demonstrate good lifetime and stable operation regarding the threshold voltage below a 300°C temperature reached using a suitable packaging. Understanding SiC MOSFET reliability issues under realistic switching conditions remains a challenge that requires investigations. A specific aging test has been developed to monitor the electrical parameters of the device. This allows to estimate the health state and predict the remaining lifetime.Moreover, the defects in the failed device have been observed by using FIB and SEM imagery. The gate leakage current appears to reflect the state of health of the component with a runaway just before the failure. This hypothesis has been validated with micrographs showing cracks in the gate. Eventually, a comparative study has been realized with the new generations of SiCMOSFET
Waechtler, Thomas, Steffen Oswald, Nina Roth, Heinrich Lang, Stefan E. Schulz, and Thomas Gessner. "ALD of Copper and Copper Oxide Thin Films For Applications in Metallization Systems of ULSI Devices." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200800914.
Full textAs a possible alternative for growing seed layers required for electrochemical Cu deposition of metallization systems in ULSI circuits, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Cu is under consideration. To avoid drawbacks related to plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD), thermal growth of Cu has been proposed by two-step processes forming copper oxide films by ALD which are subsequently reduced.
This talk, given at the 8th International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD 2008), held in Bruges, Belgium from 29 June to 2 July 2008, summarizes the results of thermal ALD experiments from [(nBu3P)2Cu(acac)] precursor and wet O2. The precursor is of particular interest as it is a liquid at room temperature and thus easier to handle than frequently utilized solids such as Cu(acac)2, Cu(hfac)2 or Cu(thd)2. Furthermore the substance is non-fluorinated, which helps avoiding a major source of adhesion issues repeatedly observed in Cu CVD.
As result of the ALD experiments, we obtained composites of metallic and oxidized Cu on Ta and TaN, which was determined by angle-resolved XPS analyses. While smooth, adherent films were grown on TaN in an ALD window up to about 130°C, cluster-formation due to self-decomposition of the precursor was observed on Ta. We also recognized a considerable dependency of the growth on the degree of nitridation of the TaN. In contrast, smooth films could be grown up to 130°C on SiO2 and Ru, although in the latter case the ALD window only extends to about 120°C. To apply the ALD films as seed layers in subsequent electroplating processes, several reduction processes are under investigation. Thermal and plasma-assisted hydrogen treatments are studied, as well as thermal treatments in vapors of isopropanol, formic acid, and aldehydes. So far these attempts were most promising using formic acid at temperatures between 100 and 120°C, also offering the benefit of avoiding agglomeration of the very thin ALD films on Ta and TaN. In this respect, the process sequence shows potential for depositing ultra-thin, smooth Cu films at temperatures below 150°C.
Liu, Li. "Évaluation de la propreté des alliages d'aluminium de fonderie A356.2 et C357 à l'aide de la technique PoDFA /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textDellinger, Eric-Antoine. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces d'oxydes par chimie thiol-ène pour le contrôle de l'adsorption protéique et de l'adhésion cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066332.
Full textThe aim of this work is to design surfaces allowing controlling cellular adhesion by the study of protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Two main parts were investigated in order to answer this challenge: on one side the optimization of grafting conditions using the thiol-ene reaction of thiol-terminated ethylene glycol chains (OEG or PEG) on a undecenyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer, on the other side the surface chemical characterization (angle contact measurement, ellipsometry, fluorescence microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared IR-ATR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ToF-SIMS) after each reaction step. The methodological investigation of thiol-ene grafting conditions exhibits the development of a bilayer structured system after a 1 minute reaction time concerning OEG grafting, 1 hour in case of PEG grafting. By using different substrates (silicon oxide, titanium, glass), different molecules OEG-thiol or PEG-thiol (from 7 to 220 ethylene unit long, methyl-, carboxyl- or amine-terminated), we highlight the range of available versions of this strategy. These chemical extremities lead on demand either to protein adsorption inhibition or to biomolecule adsorption, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fibronectin (Fn) giving access to specific adhesion.By controlling the light-exposed areas in the sample plan, the photochemistry occurring during the thiol-ene grafting allows to design surface patterning for addressing both protein adsorption and cell adhesion on the sample surface
Guilhalmenc, Caroline. "Étude des mécanismes de création de défauts lors de la réalisation de structures minces silicium-sur-isolant par les procédés SIMOX Faible Dose et Smart-Cut®." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0135.
Full textSilicon on insulator materials are very attractive for the production of new generation circuits for low voltage applications. To face the bulk silicon industry and to respond to the increasing interest for the ultra large scale integration, techniques for the formation of high quality SOI material are required. Defect generation mechanisms during the synthesis of two SOI substrates, Low Dose SIMOX and UNIBOND® (elaborated with the SIMOX and Smart-Cut® techniques, respectively), have been investigated. After low dose oxygen implantation (SIMOX process), the formation of buried oxide layers during high temperature annealing has been studied. The buried oxide dielectric quality has been improved with the understanding of oxide precipitate growth and ripening mechanism. Finally, a systematic study has been performed on the top silicon films in order to characterize the crystalline defects (dislocations, stacking faults) and the electrical properties of these two materials. This corresponds to the first results concerning the comparison of these new promising SOI materials for the production of high performance integrated circuits
Habibi, Nasser. "Evaluation of inclusions and oxides in the Al-SI alloys using prefil technique." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textRaynal, Pierre-Edouard. "Etude et mise au point de procédés avancés de préparations de surface pour l’intégration de nouveaux matériaux en micro/nanoélectronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT087.
Full textThe low-temperature integration of advanced materials, such as SiGe, is a challenge in the industrial manufacturing of new transistor technologies (CMOS, FINFET, etc.). If the interest of such alloys is largely proved (gain on the mobility in the pMOS channel, stressor ...) and is already illustrated by their use in the most advanced technological nodes (14 nm and below). The integration of the material is nevertheless confronted with two major problems: i) a limited thermal budget (<700 ° C) and ii) a high sensitivity to the phenomenon of reoxidation in air. These two issues are critical and must be taken into account for the surface preparation prior to epitaxy or deposition. It is in this context that this thesis was started. We focused on studying and characterizing different approaches in order to obtain a surface of SiGe free of oxide and contaminants with a low thermal budget (<700 ° C). The core of this work was to show that the combination of a specific chemical sequence combined with a remote plasma NF3/NH3 (usually used for the deoxidation of silicon), allowed to improve the efficiency of standard surface preparations to low temperatures. XPS analysis (X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry) has allowed us to demonstrate that oxidative chemistries (SC1, SPM, ozone) lead to the formation of highly depleted SiGe chemical oxides in Germanium. The use of a remote plasma type Siconi®, on these so-called "silicon-rich" chemical oxides, allows a significant gain in the removal of surface oxygen contamination. This strategy has allowed the elimination of oxides to reach the limit of detection of XPS and SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry). Nevertheless, we have found that the use of such surface preparations could be deleterious for the morphological quality of the re-epitaxied SiGe layer (appearance of defects in the form of islets). These 3D defects could be eliminated by an innovative solution including the use of specific gases during the low temperature bake preceding the epitaxy. Finally, the use of wet-plasma coupling strategy has also demonstrated its effectiveness on other reoxidation-sensitive materials, such as GaAs and GeSn, intended for integration on Si (logic, photonics ...)
Klangsin, Junya. "Incorporations de nanoparticules de silicium dans des matrices obtenues par voie Sol-Gel : élaboration et caractérisations." Lyon 1, 2008. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6p55kmn.
Full textThe optoelectronic properties of silicon nanoparticles are very different from those of bulk silicon. Their low sizes (a few nanometers) provide the quantum properties and they present a strong luminescence in the visible at ambient temperature. Therefore, they are very interesting for different applications (for example: light-emitting diode (LED) based on silicon only, non volatile memory, sensor, drugs transport, etc…). In general, these nanoparticles have to be integrated in the matrix in order to be able to exploit their properties. In this work, we have proposed to incorporate the silicon nanoparticles, obtained by electrochemical etching of a silicon substrate and then milling, in oxide matrices by using the Sol-Gel method. The principal advantages of these techniques are: low cost, simplicity, and various choices of matrix offered. Three matrices chosen herein (SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2) allow us to sweep a wide range of band gap and dielectric constant. For each matrix, different concentrations of nanoparticles and annealing conditions were carried out. The obtained results are quite satisfactory. Structural studies confirm the presence of nanoparticles in every matrix. The compressive stress induced by their matrix is also observed. Photoluminescence studies show that the nanoparticles conserve their optical properties when they are incorporated in the SiO2 matrix and the ZrO2 matrix but not in the TiO2 matrix. The stability of the nanoparticles towards the influence of annealing temperature is more important for the SiO2 matrix. Besides, in photoluminescence study, the coupling effect among nanoparticles increasing with their concentration is observed
Chassagne, Thierry. "Croissance et maîtrise de la contrainte dans le SiC cubique sur substrat silicium ou silicium sur oxyde (SOI)." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10280.
Full textGasse, Adrien. "Rôle des interfaces dans le brasage non réactif du SiC par les siliciures de Co et de Cu." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0114.
Full textVarache, Renaud. "Development, characterization and modeling of interfaces for high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112279/document.
Full textThe interface between amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the building block of high efficiency solar cells based on low temperature fabrication processes. Three properties of the interface determine the performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells: band offsets between a-Si:H and c-Si, interface defects and band bending in c-Si. These three points are addressed in this thesis.First, an analytical model for the calculation of the band bending in c-Si is developed. It assumes a constant density of states (DOS) in the a-Si:H band gap. The influence of most parameters of the structure on the band bending is studied: band offsets, DOS in a-Si:H, interface defects, etc. The presence of quantum confinement at the interface is discussed. Analytical calculations and temperature dependent planar conductance measurements are compared such that the band offsets on both (p)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si and (n)a-Si:H/(p)c-Si can be estimated: the valence band offset amounts 0.36 eV while the conduction band offset is 0.15 eV. In addition, it is shown that the valence band offset is independent of temperature whereas the conduction band offset follows the evolutions of c-Si and a-Si:H band gaps with temperature. A discussion of these results in the frame of the branch point theory for band line-up leads to the conclusion that the branch point in a-Si:H is independent of the doping.Then, analytical calculations are developed further to take into account the real solar cell structure where the a-Si:H/c-Si structure is in contact with a transparent conductive oxide and an undoped buffer layer is present at the interface. Measurements of the planar conductance and of the interface passivation quality are interpreted in the light of analytical calculations and numerical simulations to open a way towards a method for the optimization of silicon heterojunction solar cells. It is particularly shown that a trade-off has to be found between a good passivation quality and a significant band bending. This can be realized by tuning the buffer layer properties (thickness, doping), the TCO-contact (high work function) and the emitter (defect density and thickness). Interestingly, an emitter with a high DOS leads to better cell performances.Finally, a new type of interface has been developed, that was not applied to heterojunction solar cells so far. The c-Si surface has been oxidized in deionized water at 80 °C before the (p)a-Si:H emitter deposition such that (p)a-Si:H/SiO2/(n)c-Si structures were obtained. A tunneling current model has been developed, implemented in the 1D numerical device simulator AFORS-HET and used to study the effect of a wide band gap interfacial layer (as it is the case for SiO2) on cell performance: the fill-factor and the short-circuit current are dramatically reduced for thick and high barriers. However, a SiO2 layer has only little impact on optical properties. Fabricated samples show a passivation quality halfway between samples with no buffer layer and with an (i)a-Si:H buffer layer: this is explained by the presence of a negative fixed charge in the oxide. The band bending in (n)c-Si is higher with an oxide layer than with an (i)a-Si:H buffer layer. Solar cells demonstrate that this new concept has the potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies: for non-optimized structures, an open-circuit voltage higher than 650 mV has been demonstrated, while the oxide does not seem to create a barrier to charge transport
Petitdidier, Sébastien. "Mécanismes de croissance et caractérisation de films d'oxyde chimique sur faces (100) du silicium monocristallin : applications." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066296.
Full textChayani, Moncef. "Spéficité structurale et propriété d'oxyde de silicium déposé par procédé plasma." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30091.
Full textBras, François. "Étude et modélisation de l'endommagement des composites stratifiés SIC-SIC : exploitation d'essais statiques et de type Hopkinson." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0012.
Full textDinh, Thi Ty Mai. "Développement de filières technologiques pour la réalisation de micro-supercondensateurs intégrés sur silicium." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2724/.
Full textThe recent advances in microelectronics have led, during the last decade, to the development of embedded systems, particularly wireless sensor networks. Many applications of these systems (industrial process optimization, traffic and environmental monitoring. . . ) have attracted the attention of researchers and investors. One of the main challenges limiting the implementation of these wireless sensor networks remains the autonomy of energy. Harvesting micro-devices extracting renewable energy from various ambient environmental sources (thermal, mechanical, solar energy) have received in this sense an increasing research interest in recent years, with the objective to obtain autonomous self-powered systems. The harvested energy is usually stored in micro-batteries. However, these devices have low power, limited lifetime and restricted operation temperatures. The use of micro-supercapacitors, as an alternative or a complementary device to micro-batteries, could overcome these limitations. In this thesis, we have focused on the development of technological fields to realize on-chip micro-supercapacitors, with good properties in terms of power and energy density, operating voltage, size and lifetime. High resolution micro-supercapacitors with high performance have been obtained in this thesis. Innovative electrolytes as gels allowed to develop all-solid-state micro-devices, which can be produced on a large scale. Ultra-high specific capacitance has been also obtained by combining materials of high specific surface and materials of high specific capacitance within an electrode. Finally, asymmetric micro-supercapacitors have been developed for extending the potential window and, therefore, improving the energy density of the micro-devices
Mir, Abdellah. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de dégradation de l'interface silicium-oxyde de silicium sous l'effet d'injection de porteurs en régime Fowler-Nordheim." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10184.
Full textNguyen, Thien Phap. "Contribution a l'etude des couches minces de monoxyde de silicium : modifications apportees par l'interface nickel-sio sur les proprietes de transport electrique dans les structures metal-sio-metal." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2034.
Full textNobre, Francisco Diego Martins. "Corrosão de filmes de silicio policristalino por plasma para aplicações em dispositivos MEMS e MOS utilizando misturas de gases com cloro." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259744.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de processos de corrosão de filmes de silício policristalino por plasmas contendo flúor e cloro, para aplicações em dispositivos MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems) e MOS (Metal Óxido Semicondutor). A corrosão foi feita em um reator RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) marca Applied Materials, modelo PE8300A. Para aplicação em MEMS foram feitas corrosões de silício policristalino, com perfis anisotrópicos e seletividade maior que 20 para óxido de silício. As misturas gasosas utilizadas na corrosão foram: Ar/SF6 e Ar/SF6/Cl2. Para avaliar melhor a evolução do perfil de corrosão, foram utilizadas amostras com filmes espessos de silício policristalino (>2 µm). Para aplicação em eletrodo de transistores MOS foi feito o afinamento de linhas de 2,5 µm para 500 nm de largura, com perfil vertical (A~0,95). Foi feita uma análise da rugosidade da superfície antes e depois dos processos de corrosão com plasma de Ar/SF6 e Ar/SF6/Cl2. Como máscara utilizaram-se linhas sub-micrométricas de platina, 300 nm de largura, depositas em equipamento FIB, sistema de feixe de íons focalizados. Foram ainda realizados processos de corrosão de dióxido de silício com plasma de misturas de Ar/SF6, objetivando altas taxas de corrosão, e de remoção de máscaras de fotorresiste com plasma de oxigênio. Os processos foram caracterizados com vários equipamentos. Um Perfilômetro foi utilizado para medir as profundidades das corrosões, para a determinação das taxas de corrosão. Um elipsômetro e um interferômetro foram utilizados nas medidas das espessuras e dos índices de refração dos filmes utilizados. Imagens SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) dos filmes corroídos foram feitas para analisar o perfil e determinar o mecanismo de corrosão para cada mistura, e imagens Focused Ion Beam (FIB) para analisar as estruturas sub-micrométricas.
Abstract: This work presents the results and the discussion about mechanisms of plasma etching of polysilicon and silicon films for applications in MEMS and MOS devices. The etching was performed in a conventional reactor of plasma etching, Applied Materials PE8300A model, in a RIE mode (Reactive Ion Etching). For application in MEMS, polysilicon etching with anisotropic profile and high selectivity (>20) for silicon oxide was obtained. The mixtures used in etching were SF6/Ar/Cl2 and SF6/Ar/Cl2. The evolution of the etching profile is better evaluated using polysilicon thick films (>2 µm). For application in MOS transistors electrode, 2,5 µm to 500 nm thinning was obtained with anisotropic profile (At~0,95). For surface routh analisys, before and after the etching processes in Ar/SF6 and Ar/SF6/Cl2 plasmas, sub-micrometric polysilicon lines, with platinum mask deposited by FIB, were etched. Next, silicon dioxide etching processes were executed using Ar/SF6 mixtures in order to obtain high etching rates. Finally, photoresist masks were removed without compromising the adjacent material by the use of oxygen. The films were characterized with the use of a variety of equipment. The Profiler was used to measure the etching depth, and therefore the etching rate was evaluated.
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Ienny, Patrick. "Fluage de ceramiques obtenues par frittage-reaction : relations avec la microstructure." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0402.
Full textCarroli, Marco. "Silicon oxide nitride (sion) films per applicazioni fotovoltaiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6165/.
Full textMaleville, Christophe. "Étude de la réalisation de matériau silicium sur isolant (SOI) à partir du collage par adhésion moléculaire silicium sur oxyde (procédé Smart-Cut®)." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0142.
Full textThe SOI material allows many advantages in the field of low power and low voltage applications and then appears as the base substrate for future microelectronics devices. The new Smart-Cut® process for SOI material elaboration combines two basic technologies: hydrogen implantation and wafer bonding, which allows low cost and high volume production. This thesis deals with the cleaning step before bonding optimization, the high temperature annealing of the SOI structure and the SOI material properties. Formation mechanism of macroscopic defects occurring during splitting have been explained. Then, a cleaning sequence leading to macroscopic defect free structure could have been developed. A specific tool inducing multiple internal reflections for infrared spectroscopy analysis has been involved. Then, it has been possible to study the chemical evolution of the bonding interface in case of silicon to silicon bonding, silicon to thermal oxide bonding and silicon to implanted oxide bonding. The correlation between these microscopic results and the macroscopic characterization of the bonding energy has led to the understanding of wafer bonding mechanisms. The specificities of the high temperature annealing and of thermal oxidation of the SOI structure has been discussed. Then, the annealing step has been optimized and the SOI material obtained can match ULSI industry requirements
OBADIA, BAROGHEL SYLVIA. "Frittage de melanges al::(2)o::(3) + sio::(2) gel pour moules de fonderie : developpement des microstructures et deformation a chaud." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0079.
Full textRocabois, Philippe. "Stabilité thermochimique des composites céramiques base SiC : approche thermodynamique et expérimentale du système Si-O-C-N." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0085.
Full textNilsonthi, Thanasak. "Caractérisation Physico-chimique et adhérence de couches d'oxydes thermiques sur des aciers recyclés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947653.
Full textFiori, Costantino. "Oxydation du silicium et modification de l'ordre à courte distance dans les oxydes de silicium induits par un rayonnement laser ultra violet." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10131.
Full textGilles, Bruno. "Etude par rayons X rasants des effets de l'implantation de silicium dans le silicium et de fer dans un grenat." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597890r.
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