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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxide - Nitrogen'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Stein, Lisa Y., and Martin G. Klotz. "Nitrifying and denitrifying pathways of methanotrophic bacteria." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 6 (November 21, 2011): 1826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110712.

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Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting molecule, continues to accumulate in the atmosphere as a product of anthropogenic activities and land-use change. Nitrogen oxides are intermediates of nitrification and denitrification and are released as terminal products under conditions such as high nitrogen load and low oxygen tension among other factors. The rapid completion and public availability of microbial genome sequences has revealed a high level of enzymatic redundancy in pathways terminating in nitrogen oxide metabolites, with few enzymes involved in returning nitrogen oxides to dinitrogen. The aerobic methanotrophic bacteria are particularly useful for discovering and analysing diverse mechanisms for nitrogen oxide production, as these microbes both nitrify (oxidize ammonia to nitrite) and denitrify (reduce nitrate/nitrite to nitrous oxide via nitric oxide), and yet do not rely on these pathways for growth. The fact that methanotrophs have a rich inventory for nitrogen oxide metabolism is, in part, a consequence of their evolutionary relatedness to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Furthermore, the ability of individual methanotrophic taxa to resist toxic intermediates of nitrogen metabolism affects the relative abundance of nitrogen oxides released into the environment, the composition of their community, and the balance between nitrogen and methane cycling.

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2

Duke, Trevor, Mike South, and Alastair Stewart. "Altered activation of the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway during and after cardiopulmonary bypass." Perfusion 12, no. 6 (December 1997): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919701200609.

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The serum concentrations of nitrogen oxides, the stable metabolites of nitric oxide, were measured in 61 children during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for surgery of congenital heart disease. Overall, there was a small reduction in serum nitrogen oxide concentrations during CPB, from a median of 27.5 (interquartile range 16.6-55.7) to 26.4 (15.3-40.6) μmol/l, followed by an increase in the following 24 h to 33.1 (21.3-46.7) μmol/l. The largest postoperative increases in nitrogen oxides occurred in children who developed renal impairment, or were treated with nitrovasodilators. There was no relationship between changes in serum nitrogen oxides intraoperatively and early changes in pulmonary vascular resistance, and a weak positive relationship between changes in serum nitrogen oxides and early postoperative changes in cardiac index ( r2 = 0.09, p = 0.04). We found no evidence for increased activation of the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway during CPB; and the reduction in nitric oxide metabolites that occurred during CPB were of doubtful significance to pulmonary or systemic haemodynamic changes in the postoperative period.

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3

VALVINI, E. M., and J. D. YOUNG. "Serum nitrogen oxides during nitric oxide inhalation." British Journal of Anaesthesia 74, no. 3 (March 1995): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/74.3.338.

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4

Ongar, Bulbul, Hristo Beloev, Iliya Iliev, Assem Ibrasheva, and Anara Yegzekova. "Numerical simulation of nitrogen oxide formation in dust furnaces." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002102.

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Even though natural sources of air pollution account for over 50 % of sulphur compounds, 93 % of nitrogen oxide which are the most dangerous artificial anthropogenic sources of air pollution and primarily associated with the combustion of fossil fuel. Coal-fired thermal power plants and industrial fuel-burning plants that emit large quantities of nitrogen oxides (NО and NО2), solids (ash, dust, soot), as well as carbon oxides, aldehydes, organic acids into the atmosphere pollute the environment in majority. In the present work, a mathematical model and a scheme for calculating the formation of nitrogen oxide has been developed. Also, the dependence of the rate of release of fuel nitrogen from coal particles at the initial stage of gasification and content of volatiles has been obtained. The main regularities of the formation of NOx at the initial section of the flame in the ignition zone of the swirl burner flame during the combustion of Ekibastuz coal have been revealed. Modern environmental requirements for the modernization of existing and the creation of new heat and power facilities determine the exceptional relevance of the development of effective methods and constructions to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ash to 200, 300, and 100 mg/nm3 at a=1.4. The dust consumption in all experiments was kept constant and amounted to 0.042 g/s, as well as with the results of calculating the thermal decomposition of the Ekibastuz coal dust, the recombination of atomic nitrogen into nitrogen molecules, and the kinetics of the formation of fuel nitric oxide. It was found that despite the presence of oxygen in Ekibastuz coal for gases Odaf=11.8 % in an inert atmosphere, nitrogen oxides are not formed

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5

Ongar, Bulbul, Iliya K. Iliev, Vlastimir Nikolić, and Aleksandar Milašinović. "THE STUDY AND THE MECHANISM OF NITROGEN OXIDES’ FORMATION IN COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume171114026o.

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The burning of all fossil fuels is accompanied by the production of large quantities of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxide from coal combustion is formed from the molecular nitrogen in the air and the nitrogen contained in the fuel. In accordance with the mechanism of formation of nitric oxide from fuel, it is desirable to increase the concentration of coal dust in the flame. The thermal regime of combustion accelerates the release of volatiles, with flames spreading out and the coke residue contributes to the chemical reduction of NOx. In this work we consider the specific issues of the formation mechanism of NOx fuel and ways to reduce their atmospheric emissions. Presented are results from the calculation of the influence of the following on the level of nitric oxides during coal combustion: temperature, oxygen concentration and time of release of fuel nitrogen. It has been established that the influence of nitric oxide fuel on the total nitric oxide emissions is more noticeable at low temperatures of the combustion process.

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6

Kitzler, B., S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern, C. Holtermann, U. Skiba, and K. Butterbach-Bahl. "Nitrogen oxides emission from two beech forests subjected to different nitrogen loads." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (September 9, 2005): 1381–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-1381-2005.

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Abstract. We analysed nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO and NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from two beech forest soils close to Vienna, Austria, which were exposed to different nitrogen input from the atmosphere. The site Schottenwald (SW) received 22.6 kg N y-1 and Klausenleopoldsdorf (KL) 13.5 kg N y-1 through wet and dry deposition. Nitrogen oxide emissions from soil were measured hourly with an automatic dynamic chamber system. Daily N2O measurements were carried out by an automatic gas sampling system. Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) and CO2 emissions were conducted over larger areas on a biweekly (SW) or monthly (KL) basis by manually operated chambers. We used an autoregression procedure (time-series analysis) for establishing time-lagged relationships between N-oxide emissions and different climate, soil chemistry and N-deposition data. It was found that changes in soil moisture and soil temperature significantly effected CO2 and N-oxide emissions with a time lag of up to two weeks and could explain up to 95% of the temporal variations of gas emissions. Event emissions after rain or during freezing and thawing cycles contributed significantly (for NO 50%) to overall N-oxides emissions. In the two-year period of analysis the annual gaseous N2O losses at SW ranged from 0.65 to 0.77 kg N ha-1 y-1 and NO losses were 0.18 to 0.67 kg N ha-1 per vegetation period. In KL significantly lower annual N2O emissions (0.52 kg N2O-N kg ha-1 y-1) as well as considerably lower NO-losses were observed. During a three-month measurement campaign NO losses at KL were 0.02 kg, whereas in the same time period significantly more NO was emitted in SW (0.32 kg NO-N ha-1). Higher N-oxide emissions, especially NO emissions from the high N-input site (SW) indicate that atmospheric deposition had a strong impact on losses of gaseous N from our forest soils. At KL there was a strong correlation between N-deposition and N-emission over time, which shows that low N-input sites are especially responsive to increasing N-inputs.

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7

Rudakov, Marat, Ruslan Babkin, and Ekaterina Medova. "Improvement of Working Conditions of Mining Workers by Reducing Nitrogen Oxide Emissions during Blasting Operations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 9969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219969.

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The article presents comparison of the values of maximum permissible concentrations, revealed during the analysis of the national standards of Russia and Australia in the field of regulation of nitrogen oxides. The impact of poisoning of the workers of the quarry with nitrogen oxides after blasting operations are presented. A detailed review of studies of methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions is given. The way of decreasing emission of nitrogen oxides using highly active catalysts as a part of the profiled tamping is offered. Laboratory studies were carried out using a model explosive and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. The results obtained showed that zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) is the most effective. The reduction in the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions was 40% of that released during experiments without the addition of catalysts.

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8

Davydov, Evgeniy, Georgiy Pariiskii, Iryna Gaponova, Tatyana Pokholok, and Gennady Zaikov. "Polymers in polluted atmosphere. Free radical and ion-radical conversions initiated by nitrogen oxides." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2008): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.033.

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Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen trioxide as well as dimers of nitrogen dioxide are reactive initiators of radical transformations of macromolecules and modifying reactants for polymers. Features of the initiation mechanism determining the composition of molecular and radical products in polymers under the action of nitrogen oxides are discussed.

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9

Rotondaro, A. L. Pacheco, R. T. Laaksonen, and S. P. Singh. "Impact of the Nitrogen Concentration of Sub-1.3 nm Gate Oxides on 65 nm Technology Transistor Parameters." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2, no. 2 (November 17, 2007): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v2i2.265.

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The nitrogen concentration of ultrathin gate oxides (sub-1.3 nm) was varied in a wide range (from 13 % to 23 %). The threshold voltage and the channel carrier mobility of advanced 65 nm technology CMOSFET transistors fabricated with these oxides were analyzed. It was observed that increasing the nitrogen concentration in the gate oxide results in a negative shift of the threshold voltage for both NMOS and PMOS devices and a degradation of the hole mobility. It was also observed that pchannel transistors are more sensitive to the nitrogen concentration of the gate oxide than n-channel transistors.

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10

Zhang, G., E. I. Papaioannou, and I. S. Metcalfe. "Selective, high-temperature permeation of nitrogen oxides using a supported molten salt membrane." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 4 (2015): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02256d.

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Nitrate/ceramic membranes were designed for selective nitrogen oxide permeation. These membranes exhibited selective permeation of nitrogen oxides over carbon dioxide and could be employed in e.g. sensing technologies.

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11

Hellebrand, H. J., V. Scholz, and J. Kern. "Nitrogen conversion and nitrous oxide hot spots in energy crop cultivation." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 2 (June 24, 2008): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1001-rae.

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Since 1999, nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) soil emissions from sites cultivated with energy plants have been measured by gas chromatography and gas flux chambers in experimental fields. The main aim of this study was the nitrogen conversion factor and its variability for sandy soils under climatic conditions of Central Europe. Annual plants (hemp, rape, rye, sorghum, triticale) and perennial plants (grass, perennial rye, poplar, willow) were fertilised with three different levels of nitrogen (150 kg N/ha/year, 75 kg N/ha/year, and none). The annual nitrogen conversion factors were derived from the annual mean differences between the fertilised sites and non-fertilised control sites. The mean nitrogen conversion factor for the non-cultivated soils was lower (perennial crops: 0.4%) than that for the regularly cultivated soils (annual crops: 0.9%). Few times, enhanced N<sub>2</sub>O emission spots with maxima above 1000 μ<sub>2</sub>O/m<sup>2</sup>/h, lasting for several weeks, were observed in the course of measurements. The influence of these local peak emissions on the nitrogen conversion factor is discussed.

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12

Liu, Hong, Yang Du, Guohai Yang, Guoqing Zhu, Yunji Gao, and Wei Ding. "Flame retardance of modified graphene to pure cotton fabric." Journal of Fire Sciences 36, no. 2 (December 17, 2017): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904117748118.

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Phosphorus- and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides are conveniently obtained by the modification of as-prepared graphene oxide and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectra. The combustion performances of pure cotton fabric, respectively, enriched with graphene oxide, phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, and nitrogen-doped graphene oxides, are tested and evaluated. The results show that phosphorus-doped graphene oxide acts as the most promising flame retardant, which can effectively reduce the burning rate and heat release rate of the combustion process, with excellent smoke suppression effect. Based on the relevant parameters obtained from the experimental results of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide, Simtec simulation is operated to demonstrate vertical combustion of thin fabric before and after flame-retardant treatment, and the results are consistent with the trend of the experimental results and suggest a magnifying effect of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide.

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13

Fotheringham, C. J., and Jon E. Keeley. "NO news is no new news." Seed Science Research 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005227.

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In the paper ‘NO News’, Prestonet al.(2004) make a number of erroneous assumptions regarding nitrogen oxide chemistry. These authors also present some very significant misinterpretations of previous research into the effects of various nitrogen oxides on germination of post-fire followers. Methodological differences between the study by Prestonet al.(2004) and previous work are also problematic, such as using NO-donors in solution versus the use of direct application of various nitrogen oxides in the gaseous phase. A closer review of these studies, with the proper understanding of nitrogen oxide chemistry, and interpretations of the available literature, would lead to the conclusion that, contrary to the authors' assertions, the Prestonet al.(2004) study supports, rather than refutes, earlier findings by Keeley and Fotheringham (1997, 1998a, b, 2000).

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14

Krynytska, I. Ya, and M. I. Marushchak. "The indices of nitrogen (II) oxide system in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 90, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj90.05.091.

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15

Sawada, Kayo, Daisuke Hirabayashi, Youichi Enokida, and Ichiro Yamamoto. "ICONE15-10604 CONVERSION OF URANIUM OXIDE INTO NITRATE WITH NITROGEN DIOXIDE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_328.

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16

Dunaevska, N. I., M. M. Nehamin, and D. L. Bondzyk. "Technology for Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions at Pulverized Coal Burning." Science and innovation 12, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine12.06.046.

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17

Miller, Mark J. S., and Manuel Sandoval. "III. A molecular prelude to intestinal inflammation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 276, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): G795—G799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.4.g795.

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Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is markedly augmented in states of inflammation, largely due to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Although NO has anti-inflammatory consequences under basal conditions, it remains enigmatic as to why NO displays proinflammatory characteristics in chronic inflammation. Either the anti-inflammatory actions are weak and of little consequence or, alternatively, other factors influence the role of NO in chronic inflammation. We propose that the answer to this enigma lies in the conversion of NO to other higher oxides of nitrogen (NO2, nitrogen dioxide; N2O3, dinitrogen trioxide; and ONOO−, peroxynitrite). Emerging therapeutic strategies may be independent of NO synthesis; e.g., antioxidants have no direct interaction with NO but attenuate the levels and activity of higher nitrogen oxides. Thus, whereas iNOS may be a marker for the proinflammatory actions of NO, the species that mediate tissue injury/dysfunction in inflammation are likely to be nitrogen oxides other than NO.

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18

Mackenzie, I. M., A. Ekangaki, J. D. Young, and C. S. Garrard. "Effect of renal function on serum nitrogen oxide concentrations." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.3.440.

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Abstract Nitric oxide is too short-lived to measure in vivo, but its production can be estimated by measuring its stable oxidation products, nitrites and nitrates, in serum. Renal elimination of these ions has been demonstrated, but the effect of renal function on their concentrations in serum is currently unknown. We evaluated serum and urine nitrates + nitrites as serum nitrogen oxides (sNOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx) clearance, and creatinine clearance in 71 patients on the Intensive Therapy Unit. The correlation between sNOx and plasma creatinine was strong and highly significant (P <0.001). These results suggest that renal function has a significant effect on sNOx concentrations. Studies in which the sNOx concentration is used as an index of nitric oxide production can therefore be interpreted only if renal function has been taken into account.

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19

Gertsyk, S. I., and I. V. Belyakov. "EVALUATION OF CONTENT OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASEOUS FUELS." Electrical Metallurgy, no. 4 (2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-5781-2020-0-4-34-40.

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Formation mechanisms of nitrogen oxides in combustion products of gaseous fuels with different calorific efficiency under different firing conditions have been studied. It was found out that most important factors that influence on the nitrogen oxide concentration in outgoing gases were a fuel firing temperature, a furnace temperature and heating the firing air that sharply (more than 1.5 time) increased content of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products.

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20

Obalová, Lucie. "Catalytic Decomposition of N2O and NO." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060667.

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21

Jabłońska, Magdalena, and Regina Palkovits. "Nitrogen oxide removal over hydrotalcite-derived mixed metal oxides." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 1 (2016): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00646e.

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22

Chumakov, V. L., and S. N. Devyanin. "Oxide Emissions Reduction from Combustion Control in a Diesel Engine." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 15, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-1-48-56.

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The authors showed that the European Union norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases (Euro 1 – Euro 5) contributed to the reduction of main harmful components emissions by several times. In foreign countries, Stage and Tier regulations applied to tractor equipment, which also limited the content of toxic components at the legislative level.(Research purpose) To reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases by more efficient regulation of the fuel charge distribution in the gas-diesel engine cylinder, changes in the concentration of diesel and gas fuel in certain zones, as well as the use of exhaust gas recirculation.(Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the results of modeling the formation of nitrogen oxides by controlling the workflow in the gas-diesel modification of the diesel engine. In the calculations, the geometric parameters of the D-120 engine, operating at 2000 revolutions per minute, with a filling of 0.6-0.9 volume, were used. The average excess air ratio for the charge was 1.2-3.0, and the excess air ratios for the gas-air mixtures did not exceed 1.2-2.5.(Results and discussion) Using the computational model, the authors estimated the parameters at different pressures at the engine inlet within 0.05-0.09 megapascals, as well as with an increase in the residual gas coefficient in the range of 5-15 percent with a decrease in the concentration of nitrogen oxides from 2500 to 1100 parts per million. Experiments showed that when the power changed from 100 to 20 percent, the nitrogen oxides concentration decreased from 1940 to 800 parts per million.(Conclusions) The authors confirmed the adequacy of the calculation model. They determined that a 40-50 percent reduction in the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gases was achieved with various layering schemes in the combustion chamber. They found that the standards for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides would require mixed engine regulation. It was proved that recirculation of 15 percent of exhaust gases could reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by another 50 percent.

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23

Kitzler, B., S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern, C. Holtermann, U. Skiba, and K. Butterbach-Bahl. "Nitrogen oxides emission from two beech forests subjected to different nitrogen loads." Biogeosciences 3, no. 3 (July 12, 2006): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-293-2006.

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Abstract. We analysed nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from two beech forest soils close to Vienna, Austria, which were exposed to different nitrogen input from the atmosphere. The site Schottenwald (SW) received 20.2 kg N ha−1 y−1 and Klausenleopoldsdorf (KL) 12.6 kg N ha−1 y−1 through wet deposition. Nitric oxide emissions from soil were measured hourly with an automatic dynamic chamber system. Daily N2O measurements were carried out by an automatic gas sampling system. Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) and CO2 emissions were conducted over larger areas on a biweekly (SW) or monthly (KL) basis by manually operated chambers. We used an autoregression procedure (time-series analysis) for establishing time-lagged relationships between N-oxides emissions and different climate, soil chemistry and N-deposition data. It was found that changes in soil moisture and soil temperature significantly effected CO2 and N-oxides emissions with a time lag of up to two weeks and could explain up to 95% of the temporal variations of gas emissions. Event emissions after rain or during freezing and thawing cycles contributed significantly (for NO 50%) to overall N-oxides emissions. In the two-year period of analysis the annual gaseous N2O emissions at SW ranged from 0.64 to 0.79 kg N ha−1 y−1 and NO emissions were 0.24 to 0.49 kg N ha−1 per vegetation period. In KL significantly lower annual N2O emissions (0.52 to 0.65 kg N2O-N kg ha−1 y−1) as well as considerably lower NO-emissions were observed. During a three-month measurement campaign NO emissions at KL were 0.02 kg N ha−1), whereas in the same time period significantly more NO was emitted in SW (0.32 kg NO-N ha−1). Higher N-oxides emissions, especially NO emissions from the high N-input site (SW) may indicate that atmospheric deposition has an impact on emissions of gaseous N from our forest soils. At KL there was a strong correlation between N-deposition and N-emission over time, which shows that low N-input sites are especially responsive to increasing N-inputs.

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24

Eguchi, Koichi, Mitsunori Watabe, Shigeki Ogata, and Hiromichi Arai. "Reversible Sorption of Nitrogen Oxides in Mn–Zr Oxide." Journal of Catalysis 158, no. 2 (February 1996): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1996.0043.

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25

Ahn, Song-Yi, Kyung Park, Daehwan Choi, Jozeph Park, Yong Joo Kim, and Hyun-Suk Kim. "A Study on the Transition of Copper Oxide by the Incorporation of Nitrogen." Electronics 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101099.

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In the present study, the effects of nitrogen incorporation on the transition of a p-type copper oxide semiconductor are investigated. The properties of sputtered copper oxide and nitrogen-incorporated copper oxide are evaluated and compared at various nitrogen gas flow rates. The results indicate that the addition of nitrogen results in an increased optical bandgap, accompanied by significantly reduced tail states compared to pristine copper oxide. In addition, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the incorporation of nitrogen stimulates the transition from copper (II) oxide to copper (I) oxide.

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26

Kulish, O. N., K. I. Zaporozhskiy, S. A. Kuzhevatov, M. N. Orlova, V. M. Senyavin, and I. Sh Gleyzer. "Reducing the Formation of Secondary Pollutants in the Process of NonCatalytic Purification of Flue Gases from Nitrogen Oxides." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-7-8-11.

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The possibilities of the technology of non-catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SNCR) to reduce the possible formation of secondary pollutants: ammonia, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (I) are considered. The conditions for the process of reduction of nitrogen oxides by the thermal decomposition products of urea with a minimum formation of the above pollutants are determined.

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27

Nickel, N. H., and M. A. Gluba. "Nitrogen diffusion in zinc oxide." Journal of Applied Physics 130, no. 24 (December 28, 2021): 245702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070510.

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28

Dawson, James S., and Jonathan G. Hardman. "Nitrous Oxide or Nitrogen Effect." Anesthesiology 108, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181650e7a.

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29

Bertóti, I. "Nitrogen modified metal oxide surfaces." Catalysis Today 181, no. 1 (February 2012): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2011.06.017.

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30

Hannun, Rafid M., and Ali H. Abdul Razzaq. "Air Pollution Resulted from Coal, Oil and Gas Firing in Thermal Power Plants and Treatment: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1002, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1002/1/012008.

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Abstract Air pollution is a worldwide and a local issue caused by energy generation. It refers to global warming deterioration in human environmental health and local-global sustainability. This review provides information on the generation and consumption of energy with their air pollution mixture of many pollutants; gases, liquids and particles. These pollutants have become one of the leading environmental hazards to human and planet health. The components of pollutants that result from burning fossil fuels (oil and gas) and coal have been studied, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles. Both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides interact with water to produce acid rain. Both gas and oil-fired thermal power plants emission today and in the future might be transformed to work on renewable energy sources. The results stated that gas-fired power plants are more generally faster efficient, less pollution than oil and coal power plants. A complete assessment of exhaust gas treatment was conducted. Carbon dioxide capture, desulfurization, denitrification, and particle collection were all successful as treatment control mechanisms. So, previous studies presented some methods for reducing nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides through water injection and exhaust gas recycling. The addition of nano-additives in diesel emulsion fuel (W/D) has recently been shown to increase the characteristics and performance of the fuel while reducing the quantity of emitted hydrogen chloride (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). It was determined that the best nano-additives for W/D were Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), copper(ii) oxide, magnesium oxide (MgO), manganese oxide (MnO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), among others (E10).

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31

Nishimura, Hajime, Teruyoshi Hayamizu, and Yukio Yanagisawa. "Reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO2) to nitrogen oxide (NO) by rush and other plants." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 4 (April 1986): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00146a017.

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32

Lalić, Branko, Andrijana Poljak, Gojmir Radica, and Antonija Mišura. "Low-Speed Marine Diesel Engine Modeling for NOx Prediction in Exhaust Gases." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154442.

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Knowing the process of generating exhaust emissions and the determination of influential parameters are important factors in improving two-stroke slow-speed marine engines, particularly for further reductions in fuel consumption and stringent regulations on the limitation of nitrogen oxide emissions. In this article, a model of a marine low-speed two-stroke diesel engine has been developed. Experimental and numerical analyses of the nitrogen monoxide formations were carried out. When measuring the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust emissions, the amount of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is usually measured, because nitrogen monoxide is very unstable, and due to the large amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases, it is rapidly converted into nitrogen dioxide and its amount is included in the total emission of nitrogen oxides. In this paper, the most significant parameters for the formation of nitrogen monoxide have been determined. Model validation was performed based on measured combustion pressures, engine power, and concentrations of nitrogen oxides at 50% and 75% of maximum continuous engine load. The possibilities of fuel consumption optimization and reduction in nitrogen monoxide emissions by correcting the injection timing and changing the compression ratio were examined. An engine model was developed, based on measured combustion pressures and scavenging air flow, to be used on board by marine engineers for rapid analyses and determining changes in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in exhaust emissions. The amount of nitrogen oxide in exhaust emissions is influenced by the relevant features described in this paper: fuel injection timing and engine compression ratio. The presented methodology provides a basis for further research about the simultaneous impact of changing the injection timing and compression ratio, exhaust valve opening and closing times, as well as the impact of multiple fuel injection to reduce consumption and maintain exhaust emissions within the permissible limits.

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33

Mykhaylenko, Volodymyr, Zinaida Gil, Yevgeniy Lukianov, Olha Lukianova, Oleksandr Khinevich, and Oleksiy Antonov. "ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE ANODE." Environmental Problems 7, no. 2 (2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2022.02.078.

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The article is devoted to the development of low - waste environmentally safe technology for the production of combined metal oxide anodes. Low waste is realized due to recycling of nitrogen oxides and heavy metal compounds. It is established that the depth of purification of air from nitrogen oxides with water with neutralization of nitric acid with manganese carbonate exceeds 95%. It was determined that the residual concentrations of heavy metals of lead and copper in treated wastewater do not exceed, respectively, 0.002 and 0.06 mg/m3. The resulting manganese nitrate and lead and copper hydroxides are returned to anode production.

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34

Toyofuku, Masanori, Hiroo Uchiyama, and Nobuhiko Nomura. "Social Behaviours under Anaerobic Conditions inPseudomonas aeruginosa." International Journal of Microbiology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/405191.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosais well adapted to grow in anaerobic environments in the presence of nitrogen oxides by generating energy through denitrification. Environmental cues, such as oxygen and nitrogen oxide concentrations, are important in regulating the gene expression involved in this process. Recent data indicate thatP. aeruginosaalso employs cell-to-cell communication signals to control the denitrifying activity. The regulation of denitrification by these signalling molecules may control nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide, in turn, functions as a signalling molecule by activating certain regulatory proteins. Moreover, under denitrifying conditions, drastic changes in cell physiology and cell morphology are induced that significantly impact group behaviours, such as biofilm formation.

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Hall, Sharon J., and Pamela A. Matson. "Nitrogen oxide emissions after nitrogen additions in tropical forests." Nature 400, no. 6740 (July 1999): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22094.

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Stańczyk, Krzysztof. "Nitrogen Oxide Evolution from Nitrogen-Containing Model Chars Combustion." Energy & Fuels 13, no. 1 (January 1999): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef9801017.

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Dyachok, V. V., and S. Т. Mandryk. "The role of nitrogen oxides in the presence of sulfur dioxide in the dynamics of the carbon dioxide absorption ofchlorophyll - producing microalgae." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2020.02.114.

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The effect of nitrogen oxides in the presence of sulfur oxide on the absorption of carbon dioxide by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella was investigated. Experimental dependences of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by microalgae in the presence of NxOy alone and at the critical concentration of the SO2 photosynthesis inhibitor in the presence of NxOy are presented. A mathematical description of the dynamics of CO2 uptake by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella is presented, depending on the concentration of the individual action of nitrogen oxides and the simultaneous action of nitrogens oxides and sulfur dioxide. Based on the solution of the mathematical model and the experimental data obtained, the optimal value of the NxOy concentration and the total NxOy concentration in the presence of the SO2 inhibitor were calculated. The optimal concentration of the NxOy activator was determined to inactivate the damaging effect of the SO2 inhibitor and to restore the complete process of absorption of carbon dioxide (photosynthesis) by chlorophyll – producing microalgae Chlorella. Summarizing the results of experimental studies, we can assume that nitrogen oxides act as an activator of the process of photosynthesis.

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38

Rozehnalová, Hana, Michal Mádr, Lucie Formanová, and Břetislav Andrlík. "Influence of Pollutants from Transport on Life Expectancy in the EU Countries." Problemy Ekorozwoju 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2021.1.23.

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Road transport has become the major source of environmental pollution and it is also one of the biggest environmental risks in the EU countries. Good air quality is very important for population as pollutants have negative impacts on human health. The paper deals with relationship between air pollutants generated by road transport and the life expectancy in EU countries. At the beginning of the paper the main pollutants from motor vehicles are described and impact on human health is summarized too. We use regression analysis of panel data to analyse the relationship between chosen air pollutants and life expectancy. Our results show negative impacts of nitrogen oxide and sulphur oxide, specifically reduction in life expectancy by 1.49 years for nitrogen oxides and 0.28 years for sulphur oxides with an increase of the pollutant by 1%. So according to our findings economic policy makers should focus primarily on the reduction of nitrogen and sulphur oxides.

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39

Li, Huimin, Lihao Liao, and Xiaodan Zhao. "Organoselenium-Catalyzed Aza-Wacker Reactions: Efficient Access to Isoquinolinium Imides and an Isoquinoline N-Oxide." Synlett 30, no. 14 (June 28, 2019): 1688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690103.

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An efficient approach for the organoselenium-catalyzed aza-Wacker reaction of olefinic hydrazones and an oxime to form isoquinolinium imides and an isoquinoline N-oxide is developed. This transformation involves a direct intramolecular C–H amination using hydrazones and an oxime as imine-type nitrogen sources. This work not only provides a new approach for the construction of isoquinoline derivatives, but also expands the scope of nitrogen sources in electrophilic selenium catalysis.

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Zhao, Hui, Xuyong Li, and Yan Jiang. "Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Intensive Greenhouse Vegetable Production." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061513.

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Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) is of scientific and public concern because of its significance to international environmental sustainability. We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen losses on a broad scale. We found that the increase in nitrogen loss is much higher than that in production gain caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer: nitrate leaching (+187.5%), ammonium leaching (+28.1%), total nitrogen leaching (+217.0%), nitrous oxide emission (+202.0%), ammonia emission (+176.4%), nitric oxide emission (+543.3%), yield (+35.7%) and nitrogen uptake (+24.5%). Environmental variables respond nonlinearly to nitrogen fertilizer application, with severe nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission when the application rate exceeds 570 kg N/ha and 733 kg/N, respectively. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield growth decreases when the application rate exceeds 302 kg N/ha. Appropriate reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rate substantially mitigates the environmental cost, for example, decreasing nitrate leaching (−32.4%), ammonium leaching (−6.5%), total nitrogen leaching (−37.3%), ammonia emission (−28.4%), nitrous oxide emission (−38.6%) and nitric oxide emission (−8.0%), while it has no significant effect on the nitrogen uptake and yield.

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Trinchenko, Alexey. "Research of nitrogen oxides generation during low-temperature swirl fuel combustion." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303054.

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The work is devoted to the solution of the issue of environmental protection from harmful emissions of thermal power plants. Mechanisms of nitrogen oxides generation in a low-temperature swirl furnace process are considered. The analysis of the combustion process characteristics influence on the final level of nitrogen oxide concentration in the flue gases of the boilers is presented. Calculations and experimental studies have shown that the method of low-temperature swirl combustion provides a significant reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere.

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BATRAKOV, P. A., and N. M. KARAS. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMFOR THE RECOVERY OF NITROGEN OXIDE FROM FLUE GASES FOR THE RECIRCULATION SYSTEM IN A POWER PLANT." Actual Issues Of Energy 4, no. 1 (2022): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2022-4-1-105-111.

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The article considers the processes taking place in the reactor for capturing nitrogen-containing elements from flue gases in power plants with a catalyst based on manganese (V) oxide. As a result of the interaction of flue gases with ammonia in the selective catalytic reactor, nitrogen oxides are captured, which can then be sent to the air heater for mixing with air and heating up to 580 °C. When this gas mixture is heated, the dioxide is converted into nitrogen monoxide and the flow is directed to the burner. That allows to reduce the amount of emissions of nitrogen oxides, as well as to intensify the combustion process.

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Choi, Iksoo, and Changhee Lee. "Numerical Study on Nitrogen Oxide and Black Carbon Reduction of Marine Diesel Engines Using Emulsified Marine Diesel Oil." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226347.

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In this study, the exhaust gas characteristics of marine diesel oil (MDO) and emulsion fuels, which are currently used to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matters emitted from ship engines, were investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The moisture included in the emulsion fuel primarily promotes the atomization of fuel due to microexplosion, and lowers the combustion temperature due to the latent heat of evaporation from the evaporation of moisture, thus reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. In the case of emulsion fuel containing a water content of 16%, the combustion temperature was lowered, and the reduction rate of nitrogen oxide and black carbon was about 60% and 15%, respectively. The proposed method is a combustion control technology that can reduce particulate matter as well as nitrogen oxides by using emulsion fuel.

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Durzan, Don J., and M. Cristina Pedroso. "Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Oxide Species in Plants." Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 19, no. 1 (November 2002): 293–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02648725.2002.10648032.

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45

Gao, Yuan, Si-Yan Gong, Baixiao Chen, Wen-Hao Xing, Yan-Fei Fei, Zhong-Ting Hu, and Zhiyan Pan. "Progress in Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx: A Mini-Review." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050793.

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Nitrogen oxides released from the combustion of fossil fuels are one of the main air pollutants. Selective catalytic reduction technology is the most widely used nitrogen oxide removal technology in the industry. With the development of nanomaterials science, more and more novel nanomaterials are being used as catalysts for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with large specific surface areas and abundant acid and metal sites, have been extensively studied in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. This review summarizes recent progress in monometallic MOFs, bimetallic MOFs, and MOF-derived catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and compares the reaction mechanisms of different catalysts. This article also suggests the advantages and disadvantages of MOF-based catalysts compared with traditional catalysts and points out promising research directions in this field.

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46

Vladimirovich Estrin, Vladimir, and Marina Gaevna Pukhtinskaya. "Effect of Inhaled Nitrogen Oxide on the Plasma Concentration of Cytokines and Endogenous Nitrogen Oxide." American Journal of Pediatrics 7, no. 2 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20210702.15.

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47

Haiduk, Yulyan S., Alexander A. Khort, Maxim A. Makhavikou, and Alexander A. Savitsky. "Structure and gas sensitivity of WO3–In2O3 and WO3–Co3O4 oxide compositions." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.3.52308.

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Using oxide compositions is a promising method of increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of semiconductor gas sensors on the basis of SnO2, In2O3, WO3 and other oxides. We have studied nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO3), indium oxide (In2O3), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and mixed oxide compositions with different WO3/In2O3 and WO3/Co3O4 ratios synthesized using the sol-gel method after xerogel annealing at 400–600 °C. The morphology, phase composition and structure of the materials have been studied using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that stable structures can be produced in WO3–In2O3 and WO3–Со3O4 nanoheterogeneous compositions. The growth of grain size in WO3 and In2O3, WO3 and Co3O4 during heat treatment of mixed compositions occurs slower than in simple oxides. An increase in the gas sensitivity of the compositions in comparison with simple oxides can be accounted for by smaller grain sizes and hence larger specific surface area, as well as by the dependence of grain surface state on material composition. Both compositions exhibit the greatest nitrogen dioxide response at 130–150 °C and the greatest carbon oxide response at above 230 °C. We have produced low-power nitrogen dioxide sensors with a sensitivity of << 1 ppm and power consumption of ≤ 85 mW.

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48

Kong, Xianglu, Song Yang, Shoujun Liu, Kaixia Zhang, Tingting Jiao, and Ju Shangguan. "Study on Coupling Effect of Additives on NOx Control in Coal Pyrolysis-Combustion." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129003029.

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A large amount of nitrogen oxides produced by loose coal combustion has an important impact on the ecological environment. To solve this problem, it is proposed to prepare clean coke instead of loose coal combustion to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides from civil coal combustion. Clean coke is prepared by pyrolysis raw coal adding additives, and the gas generated by pyrolysis is collected uniformly, thus avoiding the emission problem in the process of loose burning. In addition, the clean fuel catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen oxides to produce N2 in the combustion process, thus reducing the emission of combustion nitrogen oxides. In this paper, the additives were investigated, and finally it was found that loading 1 wt.% Fe and Ni had a better effect of decrease nitrogen content in coke through pyrolysis of coal and denitrification during the combustion of coke, and had a coupling effect on nitrogen oxide control in the pyrolysis-combustion process.

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Liu, Yu, Wei Wang, Xiaomin Xu, Jean-Pierre Marcel Veder, and Zongping Shao. "Recent advances in anion-doped metal oxides for catalytic applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 13 (2019): 7280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09913h.

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Cant, Noel W., and Michael J. Patterson. "The storage of nitrogen oxides on alumina-supported barium oxide." Catalysis Today 73, no. 3-4 (April 2002): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(02)00010-x.

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