Journal articles: 'Oxacillin'

1

&NA;. "Oxacillin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1198 (April 2008): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200811980-00104.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

&NA;. "Oxacillin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 780 (December 1999): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907800-00029.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

&NA;. "Oxacillin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 866 (August 2001): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200108660-00031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

&NA;. "Oxacillin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 911 (July 2002): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200209110-00040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

June, Cynthia M., Beth C. Vallier, Robert A. Bonomo, David A. Leonard, and Rachel A. Powers. "Structural Origins of Oxacillinase Specificity in Class D β-Lactamases." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 1 (October 28, 2013): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01483-13.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTSince the discovery and use of penicillin, the increase of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has become a major health concern. The most prevalent resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria is due to β-lactamase expression. Class D β-lactamases are of particular importance due to their presence in multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiandPseudomonas aeruginosa. The class D enzymes were initially characterized by their ability to efficiently hydrolyze isoxazolyl-type β-lactams like oxacillin. Due to this substrate preference, these enzymes are traditionally referred to as oxacillinases or OXAs. However, this class is comprised of subfamilies characterized by diverse activities that include oxacillinase, carbapenemase, or cephalosporinase substrate specificity. OXA-1 represents one subtype of class D enzyme that efficiently hydrolyzes oxacillin, and OXA-24/40 represents another with weak oxacillinase, but increased carbapenemase, activity. To examine the structural basis for the substrate selectivity differences between OXA-1 and OXA-24/40, the X-ray crystal structures of deacylation-deficient mutants of these enzymes (Lys70Asp for OXA-1; Lys84Asp for OXA-24) in complexes with oxacillin were determined to 1.4 Å and 2.4 Å, respectively. In the OXA-24/40/oxacillin structure, the hydrophobic R1 side chain of oxacillin disrupts the bridge between Tyr112 and Met223 present in the apo OXA-24/40 structure, causing the main chain of the Met223-containing loop to adopt a completely different conformation. In contrast, in the OXA-1/oxacillin structure, a hydrophobic pocket consisting of Trp102, Met99, Phe217, Leu161, and Leu255 nicely complements oxacillin's nonpolar R1 side chain. Comparison of the OXA-1/oxacillin and OXA-24/40/oxacillin complexes provides novel insight on how substrate selectivity is achieved among subtypes of class D β-lactamases. By elucidating important active site interactions, these findings can also inform the design of novel antibiotics and inhibitors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

&NA;. "Amoxicillin/ceftriaxone/oxacillin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1245 (March 2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912450-00011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

&NA;. "Benzylpenicillin/oxacillin/vancomycin." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1369 (September 2011): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113690-00033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Schlaeffer, Francisc. "Oxacillin-Associated Hypokalemia." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 9 (September 1988): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200909.

Full text

Abstract:

Antibiotic-induced hypokalemia does not occur frequently, but has been described with aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and ureido penicillins. A patient with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia who developed severe hypokalemia while on high doses of oxacillin is presented. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of oxacillin-associated hypokalemia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Tizotti, Maísa Kräulich, Rosmari Horner, Cláudia Barbisan Kempfer, Rosiéli Martini, Letícia Eichstaedt Mayer, Magda Roehrs, Mônica De Abreu Rodrigues, Fábio Teixeira Kuhn, Adriane Regina Veit, and Silvana Oliveira dos Santos. " PREVALÊNCIA E PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDADE DE Staphylococcus aureus ISOLADOS EM UM HOSPITAL ESCOLA NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA, BRASIL ." Saúde (Santa Maria) 36, no. 1 (March 10, 2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223658342222.

Full text

Abstract:

Objetivou-se caracterizar a prevalência e o perfil de suscetibilidade de Staphylococcus aureus isolados no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), através de levantamento de dados junto ao Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, durante o período de abril a junho de 2009. Foram solicitadas 3270 culturas, sendo que 1123 (34%) resultaram positivas. A prevalência de S. aureus em relação às culturas positivas foi de 89 (7,93%). Verificou-se que 33% das cepas foram resistentes à oxacilina e que 34,45% apresentaram resistência relacionada ao gene erm. Elevada sensibilidade ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (72/80%) foi evidenciada pela automação e nenhuma cepa mostrou-se resistente à vancomicina. Portanto, a prevalência de S. aureus no HUSM e a resistência à oxacilina foram inferiores ao observado em outros hospitais terciários brasileiros. The objective ofthis study was to characterize the prevalence and susceptibility prof ile ofStaphylococcus aureus isolates at University Hospital ofSantaMaria, through data collection at the Laboratory ofClinicalAnalysis, duringApril to June 2009. Were requested 3270 cultures and 1123 (34%) were positive. The prevalence of S. aureus in relation to positive cultures was 89 (7,93%). It was f ound that these strains, 33% were resistant to oxacillin and 34.45% showed resistance related erm gene. High sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulf amethoxazole (72/80%) was detected f or the automation and no strain showed resistance to vancomycin. Theref ore, the prevalence of S. aureus and oxacillin resistance at HUSM were lower than observed in other tertiary hospitals in Brazil. Descritors: Prevalence; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacterial inf ection, Oxacillin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ribeiro, Julival, F. D. Vieira, Tom King, Julia B. D’Arezzo, and John M. Boyce. "Misclassification of Susceptible Strains ofStaphylococcus aureus as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus by a Rapid Automated Susceptibility Testing System." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1619-1620.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

Eight Staphylococcus aureus strains initially identified by Vitek GPS-BS or GPS-SA cards as resistant to oxacillin, but susceptible to most non-beta-lactam antibiotics, were found on further testing to be susceptible to oxacillin and ceftizoxime by disk diffusion tests. For all these strains, the MICs of oxacillin were ≤0.5 μg/ml by agar dilution tests, and the strains were oxacillin susceptible when tested by the BBL Crystal MRSA ID and a Vitek machine with GPS-101 cards. None grew on oxacillin-salt agar screening plates. None were positive for mecA gene sequences by PCR. When S. aureus strains tested by Vitek GPS-SA or GPS-BS cards appear resistant to only penicillin and oxacillin, a confirmatory test such as the oxacillin-salt agar screening method should be performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Boyce, J. M., J. R. Lonks, A. A. Medeiros, E. F. Papa, and S. Campbell. "Spurious oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus because of defective oxacillin disks." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 7 (1988): 1425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.7.1425-1427.1988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

McDonald, C. L., W. E. Maher, and R. J. Fass. "Revised interpretation of oxacillin MICs for Staphylococcus epidermidis based on mecA detection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39, no. 4 (April 1995): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.39.4.982.

Full text

Abstract:

In 1992 and 1993, at The Ohio State University Medical Center, a larger proportion of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains required oxacillin MICs of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml than did Staphylococcus aureus strains. mecA genotype was correlated with antimicrobial susceptibility for selected clinical S. epidermidis strains. All 14 strains that required oxacillin MICs of < or = 0.25 microgram/ml and 2 of 5 strains that required oxacillin MICs of 0.5 microgram/ml were susceptible by 1-microgram oxacillin disk test and were mecA negative. Three of 5 strains that required oxacillin MICs of 0.5 microgram/ml and all 18 strains that required oxacillin MICs of > or = 1.0 microgram/ml were resistant by oxacillin disk test and were mecA positive. Current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards MIC interpretive criteria may underestimate methicillin resistance among S. epidermidis strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Jo, Dae Sun, Christopher P. Montgomery, Shaohui Yin, Susan Boyle-Vavra, and Robert S. Daum. "Improved Oxacillin Treatment Outcomes in Experimental Skin and Lung Infection by a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate with avraSROperon Deletion." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 6 (March 7, 2011): 2818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01704-10.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains are major pathogens causing infections of the skin and soft tissues and more serious, life-threatening diseases, including sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia. ThevraSRoperon encodes the key regulatory system that modulates the stress response ofS. aureuselicited upon exposure to cell wall antibiotics. Mutation ofvraSandvraRresults in decreased oxacillin resistancein vitro. We investigated the effect of oxacillin treatment in experimental models employing a clinical USA300 MRSA strain (strain 923) and an isogenicvraSRdeletion mutant (strain 923-M23). In a murine model ofS. aureusnecrotizing pneumonia, animals were treated with oxacillin, beginning 15 min after inoculation. Among mice infected with mutant strain 923-M23, oxacillin treatment significantly improved survival compared with saline treatment, whereas oxacillin treatment had no effect in mice infected with strain 923. Similarly, treatment with oxacillin decreased the bacterial burden among animals infected with strain 923-M23 but not among animals infected with strain 923. In a murine skin infection model, oxacillin eliminated the development of dermonecrosis among 923-M23-infected mice and decreased the bacterial burden in the lesions, but not among strain 923-infected mice. We conclude that deletion of thevraSRoperon allowed an oxacillin regimen to be effective in murine models of MRSA pneumonia and skin infection. These findings provide proof-of-principle for development of a new antibiotic that could restore the usefulness of oxacillin against MRSA by inhibiting VraS or VraR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ikonomidis, Alexandros, George Michail, Afroditi Vasdeki, Maria Labrou, Vasilis Karavasilis, Constantinos Stathopoulos, Antonios N. Maniatis, and Spyros Pournaras. "In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Oxacillin Efficiency against mecA-Positive Oxacillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 11 (August 11, 2008): 3905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00653-08.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Community-type Staphylococcus aureus strains that are positive for mecA and PBP2a but appear phenotypically susceptible to oxacillin are increasingly reported worldwide. Four S. aureus clinical isolates carrying the mecA gene with oxacillin MICs of <2 μg/ml were tested for oxacillin efficiency by population analyses and experimental thigh infections. These isolates harbored staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV and belonged to two genotypes. Two of the four isolates were found by population analysis to be truly oxacillin susceptible. All four isolates exhibited significant reductions in the numbers of colonies grown after dicloxacillin treatment of experimental thigh infections, as also did a mecA-negative S. aureus control strain. These observations indicate that some of the phenotypically oxacillin susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates may be at least partially responsive to oxacillin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Silver, Harry J., and Peter N. R. Heseltine. "Oxacillin-Resistant S aureus." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30105104.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Fromm, Laurie A., and Diane L. Graham. "Oxacillin-Induced Tissue Necrosis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 33, no. 10 (October 1999): 1060–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.18387.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mericliler, Meric, Aya Shnawa, Dalya Al-Qaysi, Jorge Fleisher, and Andrew Moraco. "Oxacillin-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis." IDCases 17 (2019): e00539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00539.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Andrew E. Czeizel, Magda Rockenbaue. "Teratogenic Evaluation of Oxacillin." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 3 (January 1999): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365549950163635.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Silver, Harry J., and Peter N. R. Heseltine. "Oxacillin-Resistant S aureus." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 3 (March 1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645972.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Liu, Roushan, Jian Zhang, Xiaoli Du, Yingying Lv, Xiangyu Gao, Yanyan Wang, and Junrui Wang. "Clonal Diversity, Low-Level and Heterogeneous Oxacillin Resistance of Oxacillin Sensitive MRSA." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 14 (February 2021): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s288991.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Viehman, J. Alexander, Louise-Marie Oleksiuk, Kathleen R. Sheridan, Karin E. Byers, Peimei He, Bonnie A. Falcione, and Ryan K. Shields. "Adverse Events Lead to Drug Discontinuation More Commonly among Patients Who Receive Nafcillin than among Those Who Receive Oxacillin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 5 (March 14, 2016): 3090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03122-15.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTNafcillin and oxacillin are used interchangeably in clinical practice, yet few studies have evaluated the safety of these two agents. Our objective was to compare the differential tolerabilities of nafcillin and oxacillin among hospitalized patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who received 12 g/day of nafcillin or oxacillin for at least 24 h. Two hundred twenty-four patients were included. Baseline characteristics and comorbidities were similar among patients receiving nafcillin (n= 160) and those receiving oxacillin (n= 64). Hypokalemia, defined as a potassium level of ≤3.3 mmol/liter or ≤2.9 mmol/liter or as a ≥0.5-mmol/liter decrease from the baseline level, occurred more frequently among patients who received nafcillin (51%, 20%, and 56%, respectively) than among those who received oxacillin (17%, 3%, and 34%, respectively;P< 0.0001,P= 0.0008, andP= 0.005, respectively). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, receipt of nafcillin was an independent predictor of severe hypokalemia (odds ratio [OR] = 6.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 31.2;P= 0.02). Rates of hepatotoxicity did not differ between groups; however, acute kidney injury occurred more commonly with nafcillin than with oxacillin (18% versus 6%;P= 0.03). Overall, 18% of patients who received nafcillin discontinued therapy prematurely due to adverse events, compared to 2% of patients who received oxacillin (P= 0.0004). Nafcillin treatment is associated with higher rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuation than oxacillin among hospitalized adult patients. These findings have important implications for patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings, particularly patients who require long-term therapy and cannot be monitored routinely. Future randomized controlled studies evaluating the efficacy, costs, and tolerability of nafcillin versus oxacillin are warranted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shang, Wenchi, Todd A. Davies, Robert K. Flamm, and Karen Bush. "Effects of Ceftobiprole and Oxacillin on mecA Expression in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01024-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Induction of mecA by ceftobiprole and oxacillin in 18 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with various SCCmec cassettes was examined using reverse transcriptase PCR. The magnitude of mecA induction, 3- to 65-fold for ceftobiprole and 2- to 69-fold for oxacillin, did not correlate with ceftobiprole MICs (≤4 μg/ml), although the 11 isolates with at least 13-fold induction by oxacillin all had oxacillin MICs of ≥256 μg/ml. No correlation between magnitude of induction and SCCmec type was found.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Souza, Mariana de Oliveira Brizeno de, Maria da Conceição Castro de Araújo, Raquel Araújo de Santiago, Helena Lutéscia Luna Coelho, and Marta Maria de França Fonteles. "Adverse reactions to oxacillin in hospitalized children: a prospective study." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 7, no. 1 (March 2007): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292007000100007.

Full text

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES: follow-up of children exposed to oxacillin during hospitalization focusing on adverse reactions. METHODS: patients were selected from the pediatric wards of two hospitals in Fortaleza (Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio-HUWC and Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin-HIAS) from the first oxacillin prescription with a prospective cohort study between October, 2000 and July, 2001 (HUWC) and July/2001 and March, 2002 (HIAS). Patients' follow-up was performed by daily visits to the wards and medical charts and prescription analysis. Suspected oxacillininduced adverse reactions (OxAR cases) were notified and classified according to causality and severity. Related statistic tests were completed. RESULTS: of the 130 patients exposed to oxacillin, 27 had OxAR (20.8%). Fever was the most frequent reaction (50%) followed by rash (35.7%). The majority of reactions were considered Probable, for oxacillin was the only medication involved and 92.6% of the cases had Moderate severity with the need of therapeutic interventions caused by OxAR. A significant relation between oxacillin exposure time and OxAR was determined as well as hospitalization time and the appearance of adverse reactions. Exposure time over 14 days to oxacillin was established as a risk factor for OxAR (relative risk = 5.49). CONCLUSIONS: careful administration of oxacillin in children is recommended with established treatment duration. Empiric and prolonged use must be avoided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chen, Feng-Jui, Chen-Her Wang, Ching-Yi Chen, Yu-Chieh Hsu, and Kaun-Ting Wang. "Role of themecAGene in Oxacillin Resistance in a Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Strain with apvl-Positive ST59 Genetic Background." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02045-13.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe most prevalent community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(C-MRSA) strains in Taiwan, sequence type 59 (ST59) clones, carry staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) type V and, to a lesser extent, type IV. These strains show wide variation in sensitivity to oxacillin, but the reasons for this variation are unknown. Here we compared the sequences of themecAgenes from clinical strains of different SCCmectypes and found that they contain differentmecApromoter mutations. Analysis ofmecApromoter activity by reporter gene fusions showed that single base substitutions in the promoter have a strong influence onmecAtranscription. The differentmecAvariants, including promoter sequences, were expressed in the methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) strain C195 (ST59 background). PBP 2a production among the parental strains and strains with promoter mutantmecAgenes showed a close correlation withmecAtranscription levels. Furthermore, the quantity of PBP 2a also closely correlated with the level of oxacillin resistance in the C195 background. Our data suggest thatmecApromoter mutations play an important role in determining the level of oxacillin resistance. ThemecApromoter mutation G-25A (25 bases upstream of themecAtranslation start site) was found to be associated with a high oxacillin MIC (256 μg/ml), G-7T conferred a moderate oxacillin MIC (32 to 64 μg/ml), strains with C-33T showed a low oxacillin MIC (4 to 8 μg/ml), and A-38G reversed the effect of the C-33T mutation, restoring the oxacillin resistance level in the A-38G C-33T double mutant. These observations may explain why C-MRSA strains in Taiwan carrying SCCmectype IV or V have such enormous variations in oxacillin MICs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Li, Julius, Kelly L. Echevarria, Darrel W. Hughes, Jose A. Cadena, Jason E. Bowling, and James S. Lewis. "Comparison of Cefazolin versus Oxacillin for Treatment of Complicated Bacteremia Caused by Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 9 (June 16, 2014): 5117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02800-14.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTContrary to prior case reports that described occasional clinical failures with cefazolin for methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) infections, recent studies have demonstrated no difference in outcomes between cefazolin and antistaphylococcal penicillins for the treatment of MSSA bacteremia. While promising, these studies described low frequencies of high-inoculum infections, such as endocarditis. This retrospective study compares clinical outcomes of cefazolin versus oxacillin for complicated MSSA bacteremia at two tertiary care hospitals between January 2008 and June 2012. Fifty-nine patients treated with cefazolin and 34 patients treated with oxacillin were included. Osteoarticular (41%) and endovascular (20%) sources were the predominant sites of infection. The rates of clinical cure at the end of therapy were similar between cefazolin and oxacillin (95% versus 88%;P= 0.25), but overall failure at 90 days was higher in the oxacillin arm (47% versus 24%;P= 0.04). Failures were more likely to have received surgical interventions (63% versus 40%;P= 0.05) and to have an osteoarticular source (57% versus 33%;P= 0.04). Failures also had a longer duration of bacteremia (7 versus 3 days;P= 0.0002), which was the only predictor of failure. Antibiotic selection was not predictive of failure. Rates of adverse drug events were higher in the oxacillin arm (30% versus 3%;P= 0.0006), and oxacillin was more frequently discontinued due to adverse drug events (21% versus 3%;P= 0.01). Cefazolin appears similar to oxacillin for the treatment of complicated MSSA bacteremia but with significantly improved safety. The higher rates of failure with oxacillin may have been confounded by other patient factors and warrant further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jenkins, R. E., and R. Cooper. "Synergy between oxacillin and manuka honey sensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67, no. 6 (March 1, 2012): 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Gosbell, I. B. "Detection of intrinsic oxacillin resistance in non-multiresistant, oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (NORSA)." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 51, no. 2 (January 6, 2003): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sharma, Sheetal, Preeti Srivastava, Anjali Kulshrestha, and Ameer Abbas. "Evaluation of different phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 9 (August 23, 2017): 3297. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173832.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Rapid and accurate detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important role of clinical microbiology laboratories to avoid treatment failure. The aim of this study was to compare conventional methods against the cefoxitin disc diffusion method to determine the best phenotypic method. Methods: Study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur (India), between July 2016 – December 2016. The methods included were Oxacillin E-test MIC, Oxacillin screen agar, Oxacillin disk diffusion, Cefoxitin disk diffusion and CHROMagar- MRSA methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility performed as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 142 isolates of S. aureus, fifty three (37.32%) strains of MRSA were isolated from clinical specimen. E-MIC test was selected as gold standard method. The sensitivity and specificity of Oxacillin screen agar and CHROMagar-MRSA were same 98.07% and 97.80%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of oxacillin disk diffusion were 94.23% and 98.89%. Fifty three strains of S. aureus were MRSA by cefoxitin disk diffusion method and Oxacillin Ezy MIC test. The sensitivity and specificity of cefoxitin disk diffusion method and Oxacillin Ezy MIC method was 100% and 100% respectively. All isolates including MRSA were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusions: All phenotypic methods had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of MRSA. However, cefoxitin disk diffusion method in comparison to other methods had higher sensitivity and specificity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Kampf, Günter, Christoph Lecke, Ann-Katrin Cimbal, Klaus Weist, and Henning Rüden. "Evaluation of Mannitol Salt Agar for Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Disk Diffusion and Agar Screening." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 8 (1998): 2254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.8.2254-2257.1998.

Full text

Abstract:

Mannitol salt agar was evaluated for detection of oxacillin resistance in 136 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. AllmecA-positive isolates (n = 54) were correctly categorized as oxacillin resistant by the disk diffusion test (1-μg disk; zone diameter, <16 mm); the specificity was 97.6%. Agar screening (2 μg of oxacillin per ml) revealed a sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 95.1%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hughes, Darrel W., Christopher R. Frei, Pamela R. Maxwell, Kay Green, Jan E. Patterson, George E. Crawford, and James S. Lewis. "Continuous versus Intermittent Infusion of Oxacillin for Treatment of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 5 (March 2, 2009): 2014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01232-08.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Infective endocarditis (IE) is the fourth leading cause of life-threatening infection in the United States and imposes significant morbidity and mortality. The American Heart Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of IE do not address continuous-infusion (CI) oxacillin. This retrospective study compares outcomes between CI oxacillin and intermittent-infusion (II) oxacillin in the treatment of IE caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). A total of 709 medical records were reviewed for inpatients with definitive IE treated between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2007. Continuous data were analyzed by Student's t test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare nominal data. A multivariate logistic model was constructed. One hundred seven patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion into the study. Seventy-eight patients received CI oxacillin, whereas 28 received II oxacillin. CI and II groups were similar with respect to 30-day mortality (8% versus 10%, P = 0.7) and length of stay (20 versus 25 days, P = 0.4) but differed in 30-day microbiological cure (94% versus 79%, P = 0.03). Sixty-three patients received synergistic gentamicin, whereas 44 did not. The gentamicin and no-gentamicin groups were similar with respect to 30-day mortality (11% versus 4%, P = 0.2) and 30-day microbiological cure (90% versus 89%, P = 0.8); however, times to defervescence (4 versus 2 days, P = 0.02) were significantly different. CI oxacillin is an effective alternative to II oxacillin for the treatment of IE caused by MSSA and may improve microbiological cure. This convenient and pharmacodynamically optimized dosing regimen for oxacillin deserves consideration for patients with IE caused by MSSA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Pereira, Valéria Cataneli, André Martins, Lígia Maria Suppo de Souza Rugolo, and Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha. "Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Neonatal and Pediatric Units of a Brazilian Teaching Hospital." Clinical medicine. Pediatrics 3 (January 2009): CMPed.S2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s2085.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective To determine, by phenotypic and genotypic methods, oxacillin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit patients seen at the University Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine. Methods A total of 100 S. aureus strains isolated from the following materials were studied: 25 blood cultures, 21 secretions, 12 catheters, 3 cannulae and one chest drain from 62 patients in the neonatal unit, and 36 blood cultures, one pleural fluid sample and one peritoneal fluid sample from 38 patients in the pediatric unit. Resistance of the S. aureus isolates to oxacillin was evaluated by the disk diffusion method with oxacillin (1 μg) and cefoxitin (30 μg), agar screening test using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 6 μg/ml oxacillin and 4% NaCl, and detection of the mecA gene by PCR. In addition, the isolates were tested for β-lactamase production using disks impregnated with Nitrocefin and hyperproduction of β-lactamase using amoxicillin (20 μg) and clavulanic acid (10 μg) disks. Results Among the 100 S. aureus strains included in the study, 18.0% were resistant to oxacillin, with 16.1% MRSA being detected in the neonatal unit and 21.0% in the pediatric unit. The oxacillin (1 μg) and cefoxitin (30 μg) disk diffusion methods presented 94.4% and 100% sensitivity, respectively, and 98.8% specificity. The screening test showed 100% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity. All isolates produced β-lactamase and one of these strains was considered to be a hyperproducer. Conclusions The 30 μg cefoxitin disk diffusion method presented the best result when compared to the 1 μg oxacillin disk. The sensitivity of the agar screening test was similar to that of the cefoxitin disk diffusion method and higher than that of the oxacillin disk diffusion method. We observed variations in the percentage of oxacillin-resistant isolates during the study period, with a decline over the last years which might be related to improved nosocomial infection control and the rational use of antibiotics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Xiong, Yan-Qiong, Leon Iri Kupferwasser, Philip M. Zack, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Comparative Efficacies of Liposomal Amikacin (MiKasome) plus Oxacillin versus Conventional Amikacin plus Oxacillin in Experimental Endocarditis Induced by Staphylococcus aureus: Microbiological and Echocardiographic Analyses." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.7.1737.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Optimal treatment strategies for serious infections caused byStaphylococcus aureus have not been fully characterized. The combination of a β-lactam plus an aminoglycoside can act synergistically against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo. MiKasome, a new liposome-encapsulated formulation of conventional amikacin, significantly prolongs serum half-life (t 1/2) and increases the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) compared to free amikacin. Microbiologic efficacy and left ventricular function, as assessed by echocardiography, were compared in animals administered either oxacillin alone or oxacillin in combination with conventional amikacin or MiKasome in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis due toS. aureus. In vitro, oxacillin, combined with either free amikacin or MiKasome, prevented the bacterial regrowth observed with aminoglycosides alone at 24 h of incubation. Rabbits with S. aureus endocarditis were treated with either oxacillin alone (50 mg/kg, given intramuscularly three times daily), oxacillin plus daily amikacin (27 mg/kg, given intravenously twice daily), or oxacillin plus intermittent MiKasome (160 mg/kg, given intravenously, a single dose on days 1 and 4). The oxacillin-alone dosage represents a subtherapeutic regimen against the infecting strain in the endocarditis model (L. Hirano and A. S. Bayer, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35:685–690, 1991), thus allowing recognition of any enhanced bactericidal effects between oxacillin and either aminoglycoside formulation. Treatment was administered for either 3 or 6 days, and animals were sacrificed after each of these time points or at 5 days after a 6-day treatment course (to evaluate for posttherapy relapse). Left ventricular function was analyzed by utilizing serial transthoracic echocardiography during treatment and posttherapy by measurement of left ventricular fractional shortening. At all sacrifice times, both combination regimens significantly reduced S. aureus vegetation counts versus control counts (P < 0.05). In contrast, oxacillin alone did not significantly reduce S. aureus vegetation counts after 3 days of therapy. Furthermore, at this time point, the two combinations were significantly more effective than oxacillin alone (P < 0.05). All three regimens were effective in significantly decreasing bacterial counts in the myocardium during and after therapy compared to controls (P < 0.05). In kidney and spleen abscesses, all regimens significantly reduced bacterial counts during therapy (P < 0.0001); however, only the combination regimens prevented bacteriologic relapse in these organs posttherapy. By echocardiographic analysis, both combination regimens yielded a significant physiological benefit by maintaining normal left ventricular function during treatment and posttherapy compared with oxacillin alone (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the use of intermittent MiKasome (similar to daily conventional amikacin) enhances the in vivo bactericidal effects of oxacillin in a severe S. aureusinfection model and preserves selected physiological functions in target end organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Petersson, Ann Cathrine, Carl Kamme, and Håkan Miörner. "Disk with High Oxacillin Content Discriminates between Methicillin-Resistant and Borderline Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureus Strains in Disk Diffusion Assays Using a Low Salt Concentration." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 6 (1999): 2047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.6.2047-2050.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

A separation between mecA + strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and strains lacking mecAwas achieved by the disk diffusion assay and the agar dilution method, utilizing disks containing 5 μg of oxacillin and inocula of approximately 5 × 105 CFU/spot, respectively, provided that agar with 0 to 0.5% NaCl and incubation at 30°C were employed. The 5-μg oxacillin disks clearly discriminated between borderline methicillin-susceptible and mecA +strains. The oxacillin MICs were more affected by the inoculum density and salt concentration than were the methicillin MICs, and oxacillin MICs of 4 to 16 μg/ml were obtained for strains lackingmecA. Significantly higher levels of β-lactamase production and reduced oxacillin susceptibilities were recorded for strains lacking mecA, in particular strains of phage group V, when agar with ≥2% NaCl was used than when agar with 0 to 0.5% NaCl was employed. The results indicate that the borderline methicillin-susceptible phenotype is a salt-dependent in vitro phenomenon of questionable clinical relevance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Frebourg, Noëlle Barbier, Delphine Nouet, Ludovic Lemée, Emmanuelle Martin, and Jean-François Lemeland. "Comparison of ATB Staph, Rapid ATB Staph, Vitek, and E-Test Methods for Detection of Oxacillin Heteroresistance in Staphylococci Possessing mecA." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 1 (1998): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.52-57.1998.

Full text

Abstract:

The performance characteristics of the E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), the ATB Staph, the Rapid ATB Staph, and the Vitek GPS-503 card (bioMérieux, La Balme Les Grottes, France) methods for the detection of oxacillin resistance in a collection of staphylococci with a high proportion of troublesome strains were evaluated. Sixty-fourStaphylococcus aureus strains and 76 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were tested. All strains were mecApositive and were characterized by the oxacillin agar screen plate test; 75 (53.6%) were found to be heterogeneous by a large-inoculum oxacillin disk diffusion assay, and oxacillin MICs for 89 (63.6%) were ≤32 μg/ml. Three (4.7%) S. aureus strains and 25 (32.9%) coagulase-negative strains were classified as susceptible by the E-test, as defined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) oxacillin breakpoint (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml). The ATB Staph method failed to detect oxacillin resistance in 7 (11%) S. aureus isolates and 32 (42.1%) coagulase-negative isolates. The MICs for all but six of these discrepant isolates were ≤16 μg/ml. The Rapid ATB Staph method was tested against S. aureus strains only and yielded 15 (23.4%) false-susceptible results for strains for which the MICs were ≤32 μg/ml. The Vitek system was the best-performing system, since it failed to detect oxacillin resistance in only 3 (4.7%) S. aureus strains and 15 (19.7%) coagulase-negative strains, the MICs for all of which were ≤2 μg/ml. These data indicate that (i) the performance of the two ATB Staph systems can be limited when the prevalence of borderline-heteroresistant staphylococci is high and (ii) the unreliability of the E-test and the Vitek methods for detecting resistant coagulase-negative strains might be reduced by the potential revision of the oxacillin breakpoint currently recommended by the NCCLS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Baltch, Aldona L., William J. Ritz, Lawrence H. Bopp, Phyllis B. Michelsen, and Raymond P. Smith. "Antimicrobial Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin in Human Monocytes and of Daptomycin in Combination with Gentamicin and/or Rifampin in Human Monocytes and in Broth against Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 4 (February 5, 2007): 1559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00973-06.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We investigated the antistaphylococcal activity of daptomycin, vancomycin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and rifampin in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Compared with vancomycin and oxacillin, daptomycin had the most rapid and greatest antibacterial activity, but that of oxacillin was most sustained. The combination of daptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin was most effective intracellularly, while daptomycin plus gentamicin and the three-drug combination were most effective extracellularly, completely eliminating viable Staphylococcus aureus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Patil, Nilima R. "PERFORMANCE OF CHROM AGAR MEDIUM AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.13916.

Full text

Abstract:

Background:- Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hospital and community acquired infections. There are many laboratory methods for detection of MRSA. Chromogenic media have been used for the last few years for the quick detection of MRSA. Objective:- Aim of this study was to compare the performance of conventional methods and chromogenic media for the detection of MRSA in a tertiary care hospital. Material and method: - 200 consecutive isolates of S. aureus confirmed by conventional methods, collected in a tertiary care hospital were used for this study. Cefoxitin and oxacillin disc diffusion test used as conventional methods and Chromogenic media i.e. oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) was used for detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All confirmed MRSA were checked by gold standard mecA base PCR method. Result: - Out of 200 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 50,52 and 47 strains were MRSA by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin disc diffusion method and oxacillin resistant screen agar base (ORSAB) method respectively. Specificity was 100%, 98.66%, 98.66% by Cefoxitin disc diffusion, oxacillin disc diffusion and ORSAB method respectively. Conclusion: - In conclusion, cefoxitin disc diffusion was the best for the phenotypic detection of MRSA because their sensitivity and specificity were better than oxacillin and ORSAB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Tenover, Fred C., Ronald N. Jones, Jana M. Swenson, Barbara Zimmer, Sigrid McAllister, and James H. Jorgensen. "Methods for Improved Detection of Oxacillin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Results of a Multicenter Study." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1999): 4051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.12.4051-4058.1999.

Full text

Abstract:

A multilaboratory study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of the current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) oxacillin breakpoints for broth microdilution and disk diffusion testing of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) by using a PCR assay for mecA as the reference method. Fifty well-characterized strains of CoNS were tested for oxacillin susceptibility by the NCCLS broth microdilution and disk diffusion procedures in 11 laboratories. In addition, organisms were inoculated onto a pair of commercially prepared oxacillin agar screen plates containing 6 μg of oxacillin per ml and 4% NaCl. The results of this study and of several other published reports suggest that, in order to reliably detect the presence of resistance mediated bymecA, the oxacillin MIC breakpoint for defining resistance in CoNS should be lowered from ≥4 to ≥0.5 μg/ml and the breakpoint for susceptibility should be lowered from ≤2 to ≤0.25 μg/ml. In addition, a single disk diffusion breakpoint of ≤17 mm for resistance and ≥18 mm for susceptibility is suggested. Due to the poor sensitivity of the oxacillin agar screen plate for predicting resistance in this study, this test can no longer be recommended for use with CoNS. The proposed interpretive criteria for testing CoNS have been adopted by the NCCLS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Pfeiffer, Naomi. "Treating Oxacillin-Resistant S. Aureus." Oncology Times 24, no. 3 (March 2002): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000315692.11438.66.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

NAGARE, Hitoshi, Yuko KITANO, Keigo NOBUKUNI, and Shin KAWAHARA. "MICs of Oxacillin for MRSA." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 67, no. 5 (1993): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.67.505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

McDougal, Linda K. "Acquired oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 9, no. 18 (September 1987): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(87)90092-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Summers, William C., Eneida S. Brookings, and Ken B. Waites. "Identification of Oxacillin-Susceptible and Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Commercial Latex Agglutination Tests." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 30, no. 2 (February 1998): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00214-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nomura, Ryo, Hidemasa Nakaminami, Kotaro Takasao, Shuna Muramatsu, Yuji Kato, Takeaki Wajima, and Norihisa Noguchi. "A class A β-lactamase produced by borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hydrolyses oxacillin." Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 22 (September 2020): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chovanová, Romana, Mária Mikulášová, and Štefánia Vaverková. "Modulation ofmecA Gene Expression by Essential Oil fromSalvia sclareaand Synergism with Oxacillin in Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus epidermidisCarrying Different Types of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassettemec." International Journal of Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6475837.

Full text

Abstract:

The essential oil (EO) fromSalvia sclareawas shown to increase the susceptibility of methicillin resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) isolates to oxacillin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EO fromS. sclareaon expression ofmecA gene of MRSE carrying different types of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) and to evaluate potential synergistic effect of EO with oxacillin. Using real-time PCR we found that EO alone inhibited the expression of the resistant genesmecA,mecR1, andmecI andblaZ,blaR1, andblaI. The use of the combination of EO with oxacillin resulted in significantly inhibited expression ofmecA gene in all tested strains with different types of SCCmec. Using time-kill assay and checkerboard assay we confirmed synergistic effect of EO fromS. sclareaand oxacillin in MRSE.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Domaracki, Beth E., Ann M. Evans, and Richard A. Venezia. "Vancomycin and Oxacillin Synergy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.5.1394-1396.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT An increase in oxacillin activity was observed against methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the presence of a sub-MIC of vancomycin. Vancomycin and oxacillin were synergistic against 14 of 21 strains of MRCNS and MRSA. A pattern of enhanced killing was also supported by time-kill studies. These results suggest that combinations of sub-MICs of vancomycin and oxacillin may have therapeutic benefits against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Vaudry, Wendy L., Claudia Gratton, Kinga Kowalewska, and Wanda M. Wenman. "Comparison of the in Vitro Activity of Daptomycin and four other Antimicrobial Agents against Staphylococci Associated with CAPD Peritonitis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 8, no. 4 (October 1988): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686088800800409.

Full text

Abstract:

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of daptomycin was compared with that of four other antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant staphylococci. Sixtyfive isolates were obtained from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who contracted peritonitis. These isolates comprised 29 S. Sureus strains (all sensitive to oxacillin); 25 S. epidermidis strains (14 sensitive and 9 resistant to oxacillin); and 11 unspeciated coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 sensitive and 11 resistant to oxacillin). All of the oxacillin susceptible strains were inhibited by ≤2 mg/L of the five antibiotics tested. The oxacillin resistant staphylococci were also resistant to cefuroxime and variably resistant to cefamandole, but were uniformly susceptible to both vancomycin and daptomycin. Daptomycin possesses equivalent in vitro activity to vancomycin against strains of S. Sureus and coagulase negative staphylococci associated with CAPD peritonitis. If vancomycin resistance becomes a significant problem in these patients, and daptomycin is shown to be active against vancomycin resistant organisms, then it would have potential usefulness as an alternative to vancomycin in the treatment of peritonitis caused by multiply -resistant staphylococci.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Liu, Xiaoyu, Shijie Zhang, and Baolin Sun. "SpoVG Regulates Cell Wall Metabolism and Oxacillin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain N315." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 6 (March 21, 2016): 3455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00026-16.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing cases of infections caused by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains in healthy individuals have raised concerns worldwide. MRSA strains are resistant to almost the entire family of β-lactam antibiotics due to the acquisition of an extra penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a. Studies have shown thatspoVGis involved in oxacillin resistance, while the regulatory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we have found that SpoVG plays a positive role in oxacillin resistance through promoting cell wall synthesis and inhibiting cell wall degradation in MRSA strain N315. Deletion ofspoVGin strain N315 led to a significant decrease in oxacillin resistance and a dramatic increase in Triton X-100-induced autolytic activity simultaneously. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the expression of 8 genes related to cell wall metabolism or oxacillin resistance was altered in thespoVGmutant. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SpoVG can directly bind to the putative promoter regions oflytN(murein hydrolase),femA, andlytSR(the two-component system). These findings suggest a molecular mechanism in which SpoVG modulates oxacillin resistance by regulating cell wall metabolism in MRSA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hussain, Zafar, Luba Stoakes, Viki Massey, Deb Diagre, Viivi Fitzgerald, Sameer El Sayed, and Robert Lannigan. "Correlation of Oxacillin MIC with mecAGene Carriage in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 2 (2000): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.2.752-754.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards has recently changed the oxacillin breakpoint from ≥4 mg/liter to ≥0.5 mg/liter to detect methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) because the previous breakpoint lacked sensitivity. To determine the correlation between the new oxacillin breakpoint and the presence of themecA gene, 493 CoNS of 11 species were tested. The presence of the mecA gene was determined by PCR, and oxacillin susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method with Mueller-Hinton agar containing 2% NaCl and oxacillin (0.125 to 4.0 mg/liter). The new breakpoint correctly classified all CoNS strains with mecA as methicillin resistant and strains ofStaphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominiswithout mecA as methicillin susceptible. The breakpoint of ≥0.5 mg/liter was not specific for S. cohnii, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, and S. xylosus, in that it categorized 70 of 74 strains of these species withoutmecA (94.6%) as methicillin resistant. The results of this study indicate that the new oxacillin breakpoint accurately identifies strains of CoNS with mecAbut is not specific for strains of certain species of CoNS withoutmecA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Shimizu, Masato, Sumiko Shiota, Tohru Mizushima, Hideyuki Ito, Tsutomu Hatano, Takashi Yoshida, and Tomofusa Tsuchiya. "Marked Potentiation of Activity of β-Lactams against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Corilagin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 3198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.11.3198-3201.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We found that an extract of Arctostaphylos uva-ursimarkedly reduced the MICs of β-lactam antibiotics, such as oxacillin and cefmetazole, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We isolated the effective compound and identified it as corilagin. Corilagin reduced the MICs of various β-lactams by 100- to 2,000-fold but not the MICs of other antimicrobial agents tested. The effect of corilagin and oxacillin was synergistic. Corilagin showed a bactericidal action when added to the growth medium in combination with oxacillin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nesseler, Nicolas, Marie-Clémence Verdier, Yoann Launey, Alexandre Malherbe, Marine Dermu, Caroline Piau, Erwan Flécher, Olivier Tribut, Yannick Mallédant, and Philippe Seguin. "High-Dose Continuous Oxacillin Infusion Results in Achievement of Pharmacokinetics Targets in Critically Ill Patients with Deep Sternal Wound Infections following Cardiac Surgery." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 9 (June 30, 2014): 5448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02624-14.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTKnowledge regarding antimicrobial therapy strategies in deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) following cardiac surgery is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the steady-state plasma and mediastinal concentrations of oxacillin administered by continuous infusion in critically ill patients with DSWI and to compare these concentrations with the susceptibility of staphylococci recovered. A continuous infusion of oxacillin (150 to 200 mg/kg of body weight/24 h) was administered after a loading dose (50 mg/kg). Plasma and mediastinal concentrations of total and unbound oxacillin were determined 4 h after the loading dose (H4) and then at day 1 (H24) and day 2 (H48). Twelve patients were included. Nine patients exhibited bacteremia, 5 were in septic shock, 8 were positive forStaphylococcus aureus, and 4 were positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci. The median MIC (first to third interquartile range) was 0.25 (0.24 to 0.41) mg/liter. Median plasma concentrations of total and unbound oxacillin at H4, H24, and H48 were, respectively, 64.4 (41.4 to 78.5) and 20.4 (12.4 to 30.4) mg/liter, 56.9 (31.4 to 80.6) and 21.7 (6.5 to 27.3) mg/liter, and 57.5 (32.2 to 85.1) and 20 (14.3 to 35.7) mg/liter. The median mediastinal concentrations of total and unbound oxacillin at H4, H24, and H48 were, respectively, 2.3 (0.7 to 25.9) and 0.9 (<0.5 to 15) mg/liter, 29.1 (19.7 to 38.2) and 12.6 (5.9 to 19.8) mg/liter, and 31.6 (14.9 to 42.9) and 17.1 (6.7 to 26.7) mg/liter. High-dose oxacillin delivered by continuous infusion is a valuable strategy to achieve our pharmacokinetic target (4× MIC) at the site of action at H24. But concerns remain in cases of higher MICs, emphasizing the need for clinicians to obtain the MICs for the bacteria and to monitor oxacillin concentrations, especially the unbound forms, at the target site.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Goldstein, Fred, Jiri Perutka, Arabela Cuirolo, Konrad Plata, Diego Faccone, Joanne Morris, Aude Sournia, et al. "Identification and Phenotypic Characterization of a β-Lactam-Dependent, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 7 (April 30, 2007): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00040-07.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is primarily mediated by the acquired penicillin-binding protein PBP 2a, which is encoded by mecA. PBP 2a acts together with native PBP 2 to mediate oxacillin resistance by contributing complementary transpeptidase and transglycosylase activities, respectively. In this study, we have investigated a phenotype of β-lactam dependence in a clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain (strain 2884D) obtained by in vitro selection with ceftobiprole. 28884D, which grew very poorly in blood agar, required the presence of the β-lactam antibiotics to grow. On the basis of this observation, we hypothesized that a gene or genes essential for growth were dependent on oxacillin induction. Identification and analysis of genes regulated by oxacillin were performed by both real-time reverse transcription-PCR and spotted microarray analysis. We found that mecA was constitutively expressed in strain 2884D and that the constitutive expression resulted from perturbations in the two systems involved in its regulation, i.e., MecI/MecR1 (staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec type I) and BlaI/BlaR1 (nonfunctional penicillinase operon). PBP 2 appeared to be poorly induced by oxacillin in 2884D. Further analysis of the PBP 2 two-component VraSR regulatory system showed that it was nonfunctional, accounting for the lack of response to oxacillin. Together, these results support the notion that limited PBP 2 availability may have led 2884D to become dependent on oxacillin-mediated mecA induction as a required survival mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Oxacillin'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles