Relevant bibliographies by topics / Owners Builders

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Owners Builders'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Owners Builders"

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Szylvian, Kristin M. "Home Owners, Builders, and Lenders." Journal of Urban History 31, no. 1 (November 2004): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144204265204.

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Lee, Yu Lung, She Chun Lee, and Yan Chyuan Shiau. "Study on Residential Construction by Self-Builders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2325.

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Property owners experience numerous problems during the process of self-building. If caution is not applied to problem-solving, construction quality can be affected and materials wasted. This study employed an online questionnaire and expert interview to examine various problems that property owners encounter during the process of self-building. The results of this study provide solutions that can be used as reference for future self-builders, thereby eliminating avoidable mistakes, ensuring construction quality, and achieving effective budget management.
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Whitehand, J. W. R. "The makers of British towns: architects, builders and property owners, c.1850–1939." Journal of Historical Geography 18, no. 4 (October 1992): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(92)90238-5.

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Goldman, Marshall I. "Render Unto Caesar: Putin and the Oligarchs." Current History 102, no. 666 (October 1, 2003): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2003.102.666.320.

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Because of the flawed manner in which the privatization process was carried out, the new owners will always lack the legitimacy necessary for a stable political climate and sustained economic investment and growth. Having constructed a faulty foundation, the builders must live with the possibility that their edifice of privatization will periodically shift and crack and may even collapse.
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Kizielewicz, Joanna. "Eco-Trends in Energy Solutions on Cruise Ships." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133746.

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Today the world’s largest cruise ships can take on board more than 6000 passengers and almost 3000 crew members. Managing a significant number of people and all equipment and operations on ships requires the delivery of tens of thousands of kilowatts, which poses a huge challenge for both cruise ship builders and ports supporting these ships as well as for ship owners themselves, as the costs involved represent the largest share in the structure of expenditure in cruise shipping companies. In recent years, various communities and institutions, including the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union, exert pressure on cruise ship owners to use green renewable energy solutions. For these reasons, cruise ship owners are constantly looking for cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions regarding new energy sources for ships. The aim of this paper is to identify modern solutions applied on cruise ships in the field of energy generation and to indicate benefits for the environment and ship owners in this respect. The following research questions were formulated: (1) What factors force cruise ship owners to introduce modern energy policy solutions? (2) What kind of green energy solutions are currently used on cruise ships? (3) What kind of renewable energy solutions do cruise ship owners use to reduce energy consumption on board cruise ships? The research was conducted by applying a few research methods, i.e., desk research method and exploration method, critical and comparative analysis, and also inductive and deductive reasoning. The results of this research can provide an interesting source of information for cruise ship owners, cruise seaport authorities, and shipyards involved in the construction of new vessels.
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Georgiou, J., P. E. D. Love, and J. Smith. "A comparison of defects in houses constructed by owners and registered builders in the Australian State of Victoria." Structural Survey 17, no. 3 (September 1999): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630809910291343.

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Beltrán, Publio. "Shipbuilding and new requirements to reduce the environmental impact of ships: New technological challenges and business opportunities." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 5, no. 10 (January 9, 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.58.

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New and increasingly demanding requirements of reducing the environmental impact of all types ofships from all countries, along with regulatory institutions like the new "Green Policy" of the EuropeanUnion, leads to the development of a series of regulations/directives, which will immediately affect boththe owner and the builders worldwide. This requires introducing modifications in the vessel design tofulfill these requirements and, ultimately, improve their exploitation while avoiding penalties and/orrestrictions. Awareness of these requirements by some Spanish owners has allowed Spanish shipbuildingto be positioned strategically at the forefront of technology to fulfill these requirements. This work, aftera review of those Directives affecting ship design, focuses on the presentation of the results obtained intwo Ro-Ro Vessels. These vessels, given their design and performances, are a "technological reference"in the new scenario of high environmental performance requirements: Noise and vibrations on board,noise radiated to the harbor, and noise radiated to the water.
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Daidola, John C. "A Plan for Identifying More Producible Structure for Tankers." Journal of Ship Production 10, no. 02 (May 1, 1994): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1994.10.2.73.

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This paper addresses a plan for research and development leading to alternative structural system concepts for tankers. These should decrease labor requirements in design, fabrication, and outfitting phases. The plan begins with addressing those aspects of concurrent engineering which, when applied, will result in the optimum characteristics with least cost from both the builders' and owners' perspectives. The next steps address identifying characteristics of structural systems which offer promise, and the assembly of these into alternative structural system concepts based on their apparent potential for improved producibility. Finally, application of the systems to specific vessels and methods to evaluate the improved producibility are considered.
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dos Santos, Clarissa Armando, Lisiane Ilha Librelotto, and Claudio Jacintho. "Building with Earth - Brazil's Most Popular Raw Earth Building Techniques and the Opinion of Experienced Builders." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.123.

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Earth building construction techniques bring the promise of being environmentally friendly, thermally comfortable, easy to maintain and aesthetically interesting. Therefore, the ideae is beginning to spread in Brazil, being divulgated mainly by institutes and groups involved with Permaculture studies. The possibility of building sustainably and independently has contributed to the increasing number of people embracing the cause and starting constructing with earth and other raw materials. But what are their opinions after the end of the process? This work brings a review on some of the most popular earth building techniques in the Brazilian Federal District and state of Santa Catarina (superadobe, hyperadobe, rammed earth, cob, stucco, and double stucco filled with plastic bottles), as well as interviews with builders and users of the resulting houses. The research showed that the houses were built mostly by the owners themselves, with only a few having relied on professional help at some point. The drawbacks appointed were the lack of qualified professionals well-acquainted with these building techniques, the difficulties in managing large groups of voluntary builders and the high physical effort demanded by some of the techniques. Actually, many houses were composed by more than one technique. Some were built using a different technique to each wall. Superadobe was the preferred one at first, however most builders decided to change to other techniques for the practicability or just for the sake of experimenting. The experimenting of different techniques was more frequent in the cases when the house was the first construction of the builder (s). Unfortunately, the lack of experience had serious consequences, for it was noticed that some buildings showed construction pathologies, such as pending walls and peeling plasters. Nonetheless, most of the users declared to be satisfied and considered earth building a good investment. In fact, the houses had good thermal performance, used low impact materials and had a medium cost of approximately BRL 310.00 per square meter. A considerably lower price than the average BRL 670.00 per square meter, estimated by Brazilian authorities for the same locations and building patterns at the time of the constructions.
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Zainol, Halmi, Kartina Alauddin, and Nadia Shukri. "THE GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR WATER EFFICIENCY CRITERIA IN MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/myse.v2i1.5589.

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It is conventionally accepted that the use of renewable resources has been in uncontrolled stage where the depletion of natural resources is increasing. Inorder to be sustainable, the use of renewable resources must be at the rate that is less or equal to the rate of natural production. Therefore, there has been few efforts done by certain organisations to create awareness of sustainable built environment among the builders and public. Green assessment rating tools have been developed to act as a reference and guideline in order to create a sustainable development thus encourage a sustainable living. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the assessment criteria for green assessment tools. Four rating tools consists of Green Building Index (GBJ), PenarafanHijau JKR (pH JKR), Green Performance Assessment System (GreenPASS) and Green Real Estate (GreenRE) were selected. The finding shows on how assessment criteria of water efficiency can contribute to the sustainability life cycle thus reducing the depletion of natural resources. These rating tools also can contribute to the designers, builders and building owners during design and construction stage to ensure the green building can be achieved.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Owners Builders"

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Georgiou, Jim, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A COMPARISON OF DEFECTS IN HOUSES CONSTRUCTED BY OWNERS AND REGISTERED BUILDERS IN VICTORIA 1988-1996." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Building, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040618.094452.

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The lack of attention to quality control by house builders in the Australian State of Victoria has been a contentious issue for more than two decades. Ina an attempt to improve the quality of housing, various mechanisms such as voluntary and compulsory registration schemes have been adopted and discarded by industry-based organisations and government. While builders are encouraged to improve construction quality, little is known and published about the quality of housing produced by owner builders specifically during the seven year warranty period after construction is completed. With this in mind, this thesis presents research findings that compare the latent defects in houses built by owner builders with those of registered builders. Using inspection reports provided by Archicentre a sample of 1772 houses, of which 1002 were owner builders and 770 were registered builders
was used to determine the severity, the incidence, and location of defects within each house type. Houses less than a year old were found to contain a siginificant proportion of defects for both types of builder. In addition, it was found that HO builders had a mean of 2.74 defects per house and HR builders mean of 2.30 defects per house for the seven-year warranty period. To determine whether there was a significant difference between the quality of housing produced by HO and HR the statistical technique of Chi-squared analysis was undertaken at a 5% level of significance. The analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the quality of housing procured by owner and registered
builders. In particular, it was found that the important category of workmanship for HO builders had significantly less defects that HR builders, which suggests that HR builders need to improve their managerial practices and the quality of on-site supervision. In essence, this thesis has provided a series of benchmark metrics for latent defects against which current and future legislative programs con be compared for new housing in the State of Victoria. It is recommended that future research focus on the methods for improving the role of the on-site supervisor as they are considered to be the important link in the quality chain.
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Felix, Robert. "The use of domestic building products by the owner-builder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327984.

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Kalayjian, Wayne H. "Owner, architect, builder, banker : comparing the development and construction of two Manhattan skyscrapers, 1930 and 1990." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39416.

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Books on the topic "Owners Builders"

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L, Finuf Judith, ed. Construction law for owners and builders. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986.

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Smart building systems for architects, owners, and builders. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010.

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The green home: A decision making guide for owners and builders. Clifton Park, N.Y: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2010.

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1923-, Au Tung, ed. Project management for construction: Fundamental concepts for owners, engineers, architects, and builders. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Airplane maintenance and repair: A manual for owners, builders, technicians, and pilots. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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Hendrickson, Chris. Project management for engineering and construction: Fundamental concepts for owners, architects and builders. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Eastman, Charles M. BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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P, Yuen Belinda K., ed. Singapore real property guide: A reference book for students, property owners, and investors, builders, developers, and practitioners of the real estate professions. 4th ed. Singapore: Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore, 1999.

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Herr, Richard D. The book on septics and mounds: A guide to understanding private on-site wastewater treatment systems for home owners and home builders. [Wisconsin]: Herr Environmental, 1997.

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Motha, Philip. Singapore real property guide: A reference book for students, property owners and investors, builders, developers, and practitioners of the real estate professions. Singapore: Singapore University Press, National University of Singapore, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Owners Builders"

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Sinopoli, James. "What Is a Smart Building?" In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 1–5. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00001-6.

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Sinopoli, James. "The Foundations of a Smart Building." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 7–30. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00002-8.

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Sinopoli, James. "Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 31–46. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00003-x.

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Sinopoli, James. "Lighting Control Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 47–57. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00004-1.

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Sinopoli, James. "Electric Power Management Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 59–68. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00005-3.

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Sinopoli, James. "Access Control Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 69–82. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00006-5.

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Sinopoli, James. "Video Surveillance Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 83–90. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00007-7.

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Sinopoli, James. "Video, IPTV, and Digital Signage Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 91–101. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00008-9.

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Sinopoli, James. "Fire Alarm and Mass Notification Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 103–12. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00009-0.

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Sinopoli, James. "Voice Networks and Distributed Antenna Systems." In Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders, 113–20. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-653-8.00010-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Owners Builders"

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Johnston, Geroge Barnett. "Owners & Builders, Their Umpires & Agents." In 106th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.106.63.

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Sheahan, Michael F., and Paul E. Gronwall. "A Better Means of Identifying and Quantifying the Impacts of Shipbuilding Disruption." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-p27.

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In a perfect world – perfect shipbuilders, perfect ship owners, perfect contracts, and a perfect shipbuilding environment – there would be no issues between builders and owners surrounding the completion of shipbuilding projects. However, in a less-than-perfect world, things do not always go well, and builders and owners sometimes dispute changes in cost, delivery, performance, and other characteristics of the contracts and the vessels. Although may not be possible to create a perfect world; builders, owners, and insurers can take steps to ensure better data are available when it becomes necessary to identify a disruptive event and quantify its impacts.
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Oppenheimer, Nat, and Luis C. deBaca. "Ending the Market for Human Slavery Through Design." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1797.

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<p>The design and construction of structures throughout history has too often been realized through the labor of enslaved people, both in the direct construction of these structures and in the procurement and fabrication of building materials. This is as true today as it was at the time of the pyramids.</p><p>Despite the challenges, the design and construction industries have a moral and ethical obligation to eradicate modern human trafficking practices. If done right, this shift will also lead to commercial advances.</p><p>Led by the Grace Farms Foundation, a Connecticut-based non-profit organization, a working group composed of design professionals, builders, owners, and academics has set out to eliminate the use of modern slaves within the built environment through awareness, agency, and tangible tools. Although inspired by the success of the green building movement, this initiative does not use the past as a template. Rather, we are committed to work with the most advanced tracking and aggregation technology to give owners, builders, and designers the tools they need to allow for clear and concise integration of real-time data into design and construction documents.</p><p>This paper summarizes the history of the issue, the moral, ethical, and commercial call to action, and the tangible solutions – both existing and emergent – in the fight against modern-day slavery in the design and construction industries.</p><p>Our intent is to present this material via a panel discussion. The panel will include an owner, an international owner’s representative, a builder, a big data specialist, an architect, an engineer, and a writer/academic who will act as moderator.</p>
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Broderick, Darren, Peter Wright, and Raouf Kattan. "Minimising the Cost of Coating Ships." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2012-p31.

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In the current economic climate the pressures on both ship builders and ship owners to minimise the cost of their operations is stronger than ever. Although paint material cost, to coat an entire vessel, only represents a very small percentage of the total for a new build vessel. For a ship builder the labour cost of applying coatings to a vessel can represent in excess of 10-15% of the total labour costs to build a vessel, in some cases as much a 30% this can be attributable to rework. For the ship owner coatings can have significant impact on the operating costs, and the availability of the vessel. With greater emphasis being placed on sustainability and life cycle costs it is in the interest of both ship builders and the owner/operators to seek ways to minimise the cost of the coatings at both the application stage and maintenance during the service life of the vessel. This paper will present work that has been undertaken to examine the life cycle process of designing, building, operating and recycling a ship, and how the activities within the different stages effect the application of paint and the influence this has on costs.
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Morrison, Brent J. "A Comparative Lengthening Study of a Shallow-draft Purse Seiner." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-t30.

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Lengthening has been a common refit in the shallow-draft salmon-seining fleet of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska since the early 1990s. Generally these small vessels are modified without any formal engineering support. Although the 2010 USCG Authorization Act promises to improve the amount of engineering dedicated to small fishing vessels, 88 percent of shallow-draft seiners are too small to be affected by the new rules. This paper is offered as a starting point for owners, builders, and naval architects to seek voluntary and collaborative engineering solutions for future lengthening projects. To this end, this paper describes two prevalent methods of lengthening, quantitatively compares the resulting changes in vessel characteristics with the original craft, and identifies potential problems and solutions. Background information is provided to familiarize the naval architect with the owner’s requirements. It is the author’s hope that this paper could help naval architects deliver an efficient engineering package with a tight scope to budget-conscious owners who are considering lengthening their shallow-draft purse seiners.
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He, Changhua, George Reilly, and Wei Huang. "Goal-Based Approach for Safety Assessment of Multi-Purpose Offshore Support Vessels." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-p28.

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Goal-based procedures described in this paper provide a practical methodology for being able to demonstrate that a mechanism is in place for addressing the effects of hazards associated with an offshore support vessel’s (OSV) multiple functions and the means of mitigation selected. The tools described help the reader, through visual means, to gain an insight into the interactive relationships of the multiple functions of OSVs. With a better visualization, the functional requirements of the ‘mitigations’ are more readily and effectively captured. The mitigations can include engineering solutions or appropriate procedures, or a combination of both. The results of this paper will assist in providing guidelines, which are sufficiently clear, transparent, verifiable, implementable and achievable to all parties in the value chain, including energy majors, designers, ship builders, owners, operators, regulatory bodies and underwriters.
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Trubiano, Franca. "Transforming the Architectural Curriculum: Integrated Practice and the Metrics of Performance." In 2011 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2011.8.

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The research question at the center of this paper was initiated in response to my participation in a larger Department of Energy funded project awarded to the Greater Philadelphia Innovation Cluster for Energy Efficient Buildings (GPIC). My particular research initiatives within GPIC are focused on developing a roadmap of use by architects, engineers, builders and building owners for the successful implementation and market adoption of rigorous Integrated Design Practices in the energy efficient retrofit of buildings in a 10 county region of the Mid Atlantic region, that includes the city of Philadelphia and its Navy Yard. A group of computer scientists and building engineers comprise the Integrated Technologies Team, whose “subtask [is to] utilize models, tools, and methods developed by the Design Tools Team for rapid synthesis of systems.” 1 And a sub-group of researchers from the Architecture Department at the University of Pennsylvania is more broadly devising innovative Integrated Design strategies that can be implemented in the process of whole building design of high performance buildings.
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Pedherney, Brian, Medhat Elgohary, and Justin Alizadeh. "ACR-1000® Plant Layout." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48919.

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Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) has established a successful, internationally recognized line of CANDU® reactors that use heavy water moderator and pressure tubes; in particular the medium-sized CANDU-6 reactor. AECL has consistently adopted an evolutionary approach to the enhancement of CANDU nuclear power plant designs over the last 30 years. This approach has been extended further in the development of the ACR-1000®. The ACR-1000 design has evolved from AECL’s in-depth knowledge of CANDU structures, systems, components and materials, as well as the experience and feedback received from builders, owners and operators of CANDU plants. While retaining the proven strengths and features of CANDU reactors, the ACR design incorporates innovations and state-of-the-art technologies where appropriate. Part of this innovation is to develop an efficient and optimized plant layout that includes diverse features and requirements from many engineering disciplines. The ACR-1000 plant layout satisfies safety requirements and regulations and includes input from construction, operations and maintenance feedback from existing stations/utilities, while maintaining the process functional configuration for the overall layout of the plant, building and systems. This paper discusses a number of key aspects in developing the ACR-1000 plant layout design using representative sketches and 3D CADDS illustrations.
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Yu, Kai, Hamn-Ching Chen, Jang Whan Kim, and Young-Bum Lee. "Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Sloshing Flow in LNG Tank Using Finite-Analytic Level-Set Method." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29745.

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Impact pressure due to sloshing is of great concern for the ship owners, designers and builders of the LNG carriers regarding the safety of LNG containment system and hull structure. Sloshing of LNG in a partially filled tank has been an active area of research with numerous experimental and numerical investigations over the past decade. In order to accurately predict the sloshing impact load, it is necessary to develop advanced numerical simulation tools which can provide accurate resolution of local flow phenomena including wave breaking, jet formation, gas entrapping and liquid-gas interactions. In the present study, a new numerical method is developed for the simulation of violent sloshing flow inside a three-dimensional LNG tank considering wave breaking and liquid-gas interaction. The sloshing flow inside a membrane-type LNG tank is simulated numerically using the Finite-Analytic Navier-Stokes (FANS) method. The governing equations for two-phase air and water flows are formulated in curvilinear coordinate system and discretized using the finite-analytic method on a non-staggered grid. Simulations were performed for LNG tank in transverse and longitudinal motions including horizontal, vertical, and rotational motions. The predicted impact pressures were compared with the corresponding experimental data. The validation results clearly illustrate the capability of the present two-phase FANS method for accurate prediction of impact pressure in sloshing LNG tank including violent free surface motion, three-dimensional instability and air trapping effects.
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Sowden, Ike, and George Currier. "Improving Casting Integrity Through the Use of Simulation Software and Advanced Inspection Methods." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74122.

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Casting integrity is essential for providing components that meet design criteria for strength and fatigue performance. As the leading method of manufacturing metal components in the rail industry, maintaining quality and consistency is a continuing struggle for car owners and builders. Internal shrinkage and voids due to insufficient metal flow are issues commonly found in casting molds which are not designed or utilized properly. Using casting simulation software, potential issues can be discovered upfront and robust mold designs can be created that offer a tolerance for the variance or variations in casting conditions that are present in the real world. Strato, Inc. has extensively studied the effectiveness of these simulations in foundries through advanced inspection techniques. It is evident that casting simulations can not only locate, but also explain shrinkage cavities and voids through material density plots and inspection of directional solidification via critical fraction solid time plots. This approach is markedly more efficient than the traditional trial and error method, where mold makers rely on experience and destructive testing to develop acceptable mold designs. With recent advances in simulation software, the labor and time-intensive ways of the past have been supplanted by a more scientific approach to the problem. Understanding the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of the casting process provides a means of creating a stable, repeatable final product. This higher quality final product can be delivered faster to the customer and at a far less expense by identifying problem areas prior to the tooling and sampling processes. Case-studies explored by the Strato engineering team suggest that using this software decreases the fallout rate.
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