Dissertations / Theses: 'Owl diets'

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Lavazanian, Elizabeth, and elizabeth lavazanian@deakin edu au. "Diet and habitat of the powerful owl (Ninox strenua) living near Melbourne." Deakin University, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20071204.153147.

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The diet of Powerful Owls (Ninox strenua) living at Christmas Hills, 35km north-east of Melbourne was examined by analysis of 686 regurgitated pellets collected over two years. An aid was also developed to help identify potential mammalian prey species based on hair and skeletal characteristics. The following features were found to be most useful in distinguishing between the three species of arboreal marsupials - Common Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps): - Cross-sectional width of primary guard hairs. - The size and shape of the nasal, frontal, parietal and squamosal bones of the skull. - Dentition. The size and shape of the upper incisor, canine and premolar teeth. The size and shape of the lower incisor and premolar teeth. - The size of the humerus. The Sugar Glider has a much smaller humerus than that of the Common Ringtail Possum and the Common Brushtail Possum. In the Common Brushtail Possum the entepicondyle ends in a very sharp point but the Common Ringtail Possum this point is not as sharp. - The Common Ringtail Possums femur has a very prominent trochanter which projects further than that in the Common Brushtail Possum. The femur of the Sugar Glider is distinguished by having a very large depression between the condyle and the trochanter. - The Common Brushtail Possums scapula has a narrower lower blade (relative to length) than that in the Common Ringtail Possum. The scapula of the Sugar Glider is smaller in size than that of the other two possums.The pelvic girdle Of the Common Brushtail Possum has a much wider ischium than those of the Common Brushtail Possum and the Sugar Glider. The ilium of the Sugar is much narrower and smaller than that of the other two possums Mammalian prey was found in 89%, insects in 13% and birds in 10% of the pellets. Of the mammals, Common Ringtail Possums occurred most frequently in the pellets over the year. There was no seasonal difference in the frequency of occurrence of Common Ringtail Possums and Sugar Gliders in pellets. However, Common Brushtail Possums were more likely to be taken in spring than in the other seasons. More adult Common Ringtail Possums were taken as prey than were other age classes over the year, except in summer when high numbers of young were consumed by the owls. The habitat of the Powerful Owl was examined by ground surveys and spotlight surveys in sixteen sites within the Warrandyte-Kinglake Nature Conservation Link. Four categories of survey sites were chosen with the following features. Category A - Sites with a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees, as well as many old trees (>10/ha) which might be suitable for nest hollows. Category B - Sites which lacked a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees and containing few or no old trees suitable for nest hollows. Category C - Sites with a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees but containing few or no old trees suitable for nest hollows. Category D - Sites which lacked a dense understorey of shrubs and small trees but having old trees (>10/ha) which might be suitable for nest hollows. High prey densities strongly correlated with the presence of hollows at these sites. In the light of the results, management recommendations were made for the future conservation of the Powerful Owls living at Christmas Hills. The following recommendations were particularly important: 1. Cleared or semi - cleared land within the Warrandyte Kinglake Nature Conservation Link be revegetated using indigenous species of eucalypts and waffles in order to provide a contiguous native forest corridor for the movement of possums and gliders between the Yarra River Valley and the Kinglake Plateau. 2. Continued planting of Eucalyptus spp. and Acacia spp. in the forested areas of the Warrandyte-Kinglake Nature Conservation Link. 3. Continued protection of healthy living trees to provide a continuous supply of hollow trees. 4. No falling of dead standing trees for firewood collecting as these can provide nest hollows for prey species of the Powerful Owl.

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Barss, John M. "The analysis and use of methodologies for the study of the diets of long-eared owls from three environments in north central Oregon." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3437.

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Part I of this study presents a procedure for standardization of pellet analysis methodologies which improves estimation of prey biomass and determines the number of pellets needed to estimate prey diversity indices. The procedure was developed to provide a simple, easily replicated methodology for the study of pellets which also retains maximal data recorded from pellet analysis. A sample size of ten Long-eared Owl pellets was found adequate to calculate diversity indices with no significant loss of accuracy when compared to total pellets recovered from beneath a roosting site. Analysis of the total sample of pellets from a specific roost provided information on intraspecies size selection by Long-eared Owls and also increased the probability of finding remains of rare prey in pellets from the areas studied. Part II of this study investigates the influences of seasonality and habitat differences on prey selection by Long-eared Owls in north-central Oregon. Differences in habitat where Long-eared Owls foraged were found to significantly influence prey species selection of Thomomys talpoides , Lagurus curtatus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Microtus montanus, and Perognathus parvus. Significant seasonal differences were also observed in the consumption of T. talpoides and M. montanus. Analysis of intraspecific size selection of northern pocket gophers by Long-eared Owls supports the observation that size of prey influences the foraging strategies of Long-eared Owls to a greater degree than does species composition.

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Ocampo, Duran Alvaro. "High lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270837.

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Silva, Sandra Barbosa da. "Efeitos benéficos do tratamento com óleo de peixe em camundongos c57bl/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e rica em sacarose." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3258.

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Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Avaliar os efeitos benéficos do tratamento com óleo de peixe sobre mudanças metabólicas e morfológicas no pâncreas e tecido adiposo de camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta rica em lipídeos e sacarose (HLS).Camundongos machos da linhagem C57BL/6, foram alimentados com dieta padrão (P) ou dieta HLS. Aos 3 meses de idade, os camundongos do grupo HLS foram separados em grupo não-tratado (HLS) ou grupo tratado com óleo de peixe (HLS-Px, 1,5g/kg/dia). Aos 4 meses de idade os animais foram sacrificados. O grupo HLS apresentou aumento da massa corporal (MC) e no acúmulo do tecido adiposo total, porém o grupo HLS-Px apresentou menor MC e massa de tecido adiposo comparado ao grupo HLS. As concentrações de glicose plasmática e insulina não foram afetadas entre os grupos, no entanto os grupos HLS e HLS-Px apresentaram maior HOMA-IR. Os grupos HLS e HLS-Px apresentaram maiores concentrações plasmáticas do colesterol total e LDL-C, porém o grupo HLS-Px apresentou maior concentração plasmática do HDL-C e redução da concentração de triglicerídeos. Os adipócitos do grupo HLS apresentaram maior diâmetro quando comparado aos grupos controle e HLS-Px. A massa do pâncreas foi menor no grupo HLS-Px e as ilhotas pancreáticas apresentaram maior diâmetro no grupo HLS, quando comparado ao grupo controle. A expressão de insulina, glucagon e GLUT-2 mostrou-se forte em todas as ilhotas pancreáticas do grupo controle, mas o grupo HLS apresentou fraca expressão para o GLUT-2. Entretanto, HLS-Px apresentou maior expressão do GLUT-2. O tratamento com óleo de peixe foi capaz de reduzir o ganho de massa corporal e a concentração de triglicerídeos, assim como reduzir o acúmulo de tecido adiposo,hipertrofia dos adipócitos, das ilhotas pancreáticas, assim como prevenir a redução do GLUT-2 em camundongos C57BL/6.
To evaluate the fish oil treatment upon morphological and metabolic changes in the pancreas and adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFHS chow or standard chow (SC). At 3 mo-old, HFHS mice were separated into untreated group (HFHS) or treated with fish oil (HFHS-Fo, 1.5 g/kg/day). At 4-mo-old animals were sacrificed. HFHS had increase in body mass (BM) and in total body fat, but HFHS-Fo had smaller BM and total body fat in relation to HFHS. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were not affected among the groups, but HFHS and HFHS-Fo had higher HOMA-IR ratio. HFHS and HFHS-FO had increased plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C, but HFHS-Fo increased plasma HDL-C and decreased triglycerides levels. The adipocytes size were greater in HFHS, when compared to SC and HFHS-Fo groups. HFHS-Fo had smaller pancreas mass and HFHS presented higher islet pancreatic diameter, when compared to SC group. SC group showed strong expression for insulin, glucagon and GLUT-2 in all pancreatic islets, and HFHS presented lesser expression for GLUT-2. However, HFHS-Fo presented increase of GLUT-2 expression. Fish oil treatment was able to reduce body mass gain and plasma TG, reduce fat pad adiposity as well as adipocyte and pancreatic islet hypertrophy, prevent decrease GLUT-2 in C57BL/6.

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Schneider, Mary Katherine. "An Oxidized Fat Containing Diet Decreases Weight Gain but Increases Adiposity in Mice Fed a Low Fat Diet." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/1.

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Introduction: Fast and convenience foods are abundant, relatively inexpensive, and accommodating to the fast-paced lifestyle of many Americans. One popular method of cooking used by many fast food establishments is deep-fat frying. Soybean oil is commonly used for frying and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic acid (LA). When soybean oil is used for deep-fat frying, LA becomes oxidized (Ox-LA). Endogenous Ox-LA has the capacity to be a ligand to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR¥ã), a nuclear transcription factor that regulates adipocyte maturation. It is not yet known whether or not dietary Ox-LA has the same capacity with respect to PPAR¥ã. Considering the fact that dietary oxidized lipids are abundant in the typical American diet, it is important to know if they regulate weight gain and especially adipose tissue mass. In this study, we investigate the effects of fresh and heated soybean oil on weight gain and adiposity in mice fed isocaloric low fat diets. Methods: Soybean oil was heated on a hot plate, under a hood, at 190¨¬C for three hours. Fresh soybean oil served as the source of unoxidized oil (Unox-oil) and the heated oil served as the source of oxidized oil (Ox-oil). Both the Ox-oil and Unox-oil were incorporated into a low-fat (10% of calories) mouse chow by Research Diets, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ). Sixteen C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups and fed low fat diets with Ox-oil (low fat oxidized, LFO) or with Unox-oil (low fat unoxidized, LFU). Another group of 8 mice were pair fed to the LFO group with the Unox-oil containing chow (PLU). Mice in the LFO and LFU groups were fed ad libitum and known amounts of fresh food was added to the cages every three days. Leftover food was weighed. Body weights were measured once a week. After 16 weeks mice were euthanized and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT), and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) samples were collected, weighed and stored at -80 degrees Celsius until further analysis. Fat pads were homogenized and cytosolic and nuclear proteins were extracted by standard methods. These extracts were subjected to Western blotting to determine the amount of PPAR¥ã in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of the fat pads. Differences in group means were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test. Comparisons were considered statistically significant at a p-value of < 0.05. Results: Final mean body weights were significantly different when comparing the mice in the LFU group to the pair fed mice (PLU) (mean ¡¾ SD; 29.52 ¡¾ 1.09 grams (g) and 26.85 ¡¾ 1.44 g, respectively; p < 0.05). Mice fed a low fat diet consisting of Ox-oil (LFO) had a final mean body weight of 27.88 ¡¾ 2.03 g. Mice in the LFU group gained significantly more weight on average than did mice in the LFO or PLU groups (mean ¡¾ SD; 8.86 ¡¾ 1.37g, 7.10 ¡¾ 1.47 g, and 5.71 ¡¾ 1.13 g, respectively). Although mean food intakes were not significantly different between any of the three groups, the average food intake was greatest for the LFU mice in comparison to the LFO and the PLU mice (mean ¡¾ SD; 20.65 ¡¾ 0.09 g/week, 18.40 ¡¾ 0.05 g/week, and 18.38 ¡¾ 0.19 g/week, respectively). Feeding efficiency (g of weight gain/g of food consumed) was the highest in the LFU mice compared to the PLU mice (mean ¡¾ SD; 0.031 ¡¾ 0.005 g/g and0.022 ¡¾ 0.004 g/g) and this difference was statistically significant. The LFO mice gained less weight per gram of food consumed than did the LFU mice (mean ¡¾ SD; 0.028 ¡¾ 0.006 g/g). Mean weights of all fat pads in the LFO group were significantly greater than those of the LFU and PLU mice (mean ¡¾ SD; 0.329 ¡¾ 0.109g, 0.199 ¡¾ 0.055g, and 0.219 ¡¾ 0.041 for EWAT, 0.091 ¡¾ 0.039g, 0.050 ¡¾ 0.026g, and 0.051 ¡¾ 0.017 for RWAT, 0.221 ¡¾ 0.065g, 0.135 ¡¾ 0.053g, and 0.144 ¡¾ 0.038 for IWAT, and 0.079 ¡¾ 0.012g, 0.055 ¡¾ 0.013g, and 0.062 ¡¾ 0.011 for IBAT, respectively). PPAR¥ã protein in the cytosol of EWAT fat pads was analyzed and quantified in comparison to the amount of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; loading control) present. Mean PPAR¥ã /GAPDH ratios for LFU mice was 0.226 ¡¾ 0.082, for LFO mice was 0.264 ¡¾ 0.122, and for PLU mice was 0.234 ¡¾ 0.108. Mean PPAR¥ã:GAPDH ratios were not significantly different between any of the groups. Conclusion: It appears that the consumption of oxidized oil caused a significant decrease in weight gain and food intake (although not significant) and a significant increase in fat pad mass in mice compared to those consuming a diet with unoxidized oil. The lack of difference in the amount of PPAR¥ã among the three groups of mice suggests that the changes in weight gain and fat pad mass among the oxidized oil consuming animals is not mediated through regulation of PPAR¥ã protein. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to report that mice consuming a low fat diet inclusive of dietary oxidized lipids exhibit greater adiposity than do mice consuming a low fat diet consisting of unoxidized lipids.

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Mrykalo, Robert. "The Florida Burrowing Owl in a Rural Environment: Breeding Habitat, Dispersal, PostBreeding Habitat, Behavior, and Diet." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/779.

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The first observations of Florida burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia floridana) occurred in the 19th century on historical dry prairie habitat in south central Florida. These early observations documented the ecology of burrowing owls in rural environments. Since then the vast majority of research on this subspecies has been undertaken in suburban and urban environments during the breeding period. The research undertaken on burrowing owls in suburban and urban environments includes determining natal dispersal distance, assessing female fecundity, mate fidelity, territory fidelity, date of juvenile and adult dispersal from breeding habitat, date of clutch initiation, nesting success, density of breeding pairs, causes of mortality, prey preference, and minimum annual survival of fledglings, juveniles, and adults. Very little research has been undertaken on burrowing owls in rural environments. The purpose of this thesis was to elucidate the behavior and ecology of burrowing owls in a rural environment. The topics researched in this thesis include home range in breeding habitat, dispersal distance to post-breeding habitat, location of post-breeding habitat, behavior during the breeding period, diet of rural versus urban owls, and the evaluation of three methods to trap burrowing owls. The results of this thesis indicate that, during the daytime, juvenile burrowing owls utilized habitat very close to the main and satellite burrows during the breeding period. At night juvenile owls foraged in an extensive saw palmetto patch surrounding the breeding habitat. The predominant prey of both rural and urban burrowing owls during the breeding period was insects. Dispersal of juvenile burrowing owls from breeding habitat coincided with the flooding of the breeding habitat during the rainy season.

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Patel, Preya K. "The relative effects of diets containing structured Triglyceride or palm oil/palm kernel oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413458729.

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Jesus, Elmeson Ferreira de [UNESP]. "Óleo funcional na dieta de vacas leiteiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134246.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de óleo funcional composto de ácido anacárdico, cardol e cardanol (óleo da castanha de cajú) e ácido ricinoleico (óleo de mamona) na dieta de vacas em lactação sobre consumo, digestibilidade aparente total da matéria seca e nutrientes, fermentação ruminal, produção e composição do leite, síntese de proteína microbiana, perfil metabólico, balanço de nitrogênio e energia. Foram utilizadas vinte e quatro vacas pluriparas da raça Holandês, das quais seis apresentavam cânula ruminal, com peso corporal médio de 618 ± 76 kg, 150,24 ± 91,43 dias em lactação e 29,1 ± 4,01 kg/dia de produção de leite no início do experimento. As vacas foram alocadas em oito Quadrados Latinos 3 x 3, balanceados e contemporâneos, alimentadas com os seguintes tratamentos: 1) controle (CON), composto por dieta basal sem inclusão de aditivos; 2) óleo funcional (OF), com adição de 500 mg/kg da MS (Essential® Oligo Basics) e 3) monensina sódica (MON) com adição de 22 mg/kg da MS. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (kg/dia), coeficientes de digestibilidade e consumo em porcentagem do peso corporal. A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica na dieta não alterou (P>0,05) o pH, as concentrações de amônia, acetato e butirato, e a relação acetato: propionato no rúmen. No entanto, as inclusões de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica aumentaram (P<0,05) a concentração de propionato ruminal e o tratamento óleo funcional aumentou (P<0,05) a concentração total de ácidos graxos de cadeia ramificada. As vacas alimentadas com óleo funcional ou monensina sódica apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) da produção de leite, mas a inclusão de monensina sódica reduziu (P<0,05) o teor de gordura do leite. A inclusão de óleo funcional reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de ureia no sangue. A síntese de proteína microbiana e os balanços de energia e nitrogênio não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de óleo funcional ou monensina sódica nas dietas aumentaram a produção de leite e a concentração de propionato ruminal, sem alterar o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e nutrientes.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of functional oil composed of anacardic acid, cardol and cardanol (cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil) and ricinoleic acid (castor oil) in diets of dairy cows on intake, total apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, rumen fermentation, milk yield and composition, microbial protein synthesis, metabolic profile, and nitrogen and energy balance. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (six cannulated in the rumen), with an average body weight of 618 ± 76 kg, 150.24 ± 91.43 days in lactation and milk yield of 29.1 ± 4.01 kg/day in the beginning of the study were evaluated. Cows were allocated into eight 3 x 3 Latin squares, balanced and contemporary, and fed with the following treatments: 1) control (CON), composed of basal diet without inclusion of additives; 2) Functional oil (FO) with addition of 500 mg/kg DM (Essential® Oligo Basics) and 3) monensin (MON) with addition of 18 mg/kg DM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on dry matter and nutrients intake (kg/day), digestibility and intake as percentage of body weight. The inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diet did not affect (P>0.05) pH, ammonia, acetate and butyrate concentrations and acetate: propionate ratio in the rumen. However, the inclusions of functional oil or monensin increased (P<0.05) the concentration of ruminal propionate. In addition, functional oil treatment increased (P<0.05) total concentration of branched chain fatty acids. The cows fed diets with oil or functional monensin increased (P<0.05) the milk yield of dairy cows, but cows fed diets with monensin had lower (P<0.05) milk fat content. The addition of functional oil in the diet also reduced (P<0.05) the concentration of blood urea. The microbial protein synthesis, and energy and nitrogen balances were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Inclusion of functional oil or monensin in the diets increased milk yield and concentration of ruminal propionate without changing intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients.

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Holmes-Miller, Leah. "The Effect of Supplementing Grazing Dairy Cattle Diets with Fish Oil and Linseed Oil on Milk CLA and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885462201&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kline, Kristen Alissa. "Metabolic effects of incremental exercise on Arabian horses fed diets containing corn oil and soy lecithin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37030.

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Feeding a fat-containing diet to the exercising horse is a facile way to increase energy density without risking the complications associated with hydrolyzable carbohydrates. Fat adaptation may also result in increases in the utilization of free fatty acids for fuel during exercise and sparing of muscle glycogen. Phosphatidylcholine, the main component of lecithins, can influence muscle contraction and improve endurance capacity during exercise. When it is combined with corn oil in a total mixed ration, soy lecithin is both highly digestible and palatable to horses. Our objectives in this study were to compare the effects of incremental exercise and isocaloric control (CON), corn oil (CO), and a soy lecithin/corn oil (LE) diets on plasma free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, glycerol, triglyceride (TG), lactate, and glucose. Also three different statistical models were compared for goodness of fit to the lactate curve. Plasma lactate and glucose both increased slowly early in the incremental exercise test (IET), then increased rapidly as the work intensity increased. Both decreased during recovery. No effects of IET or diet were found for either of these variables. Plasma TG was unchanged during exercise, but increased rapidly during recovery. Plasma FFA decreased from resting early in the IET then remained steady throughout the remainder of exercise. During recovery a rapid increase was exhibited. Plasma glycerol was constant during exercise, but increased during recovery. Plasma cholesterol did not change during exercise or recovery. Diet affected plasma FFA. Plasma FFA were lower for the CO and LE diets than the CON diet during the IET. Plasma glycerol was lower for the CO diet than the CON diet during the IET, with the LE diet intermediate between the two. Plasma cholesterol was higher for the CO and LE diets than the CON diet during the IET. A segmented model and an exponential model were found to have a good fit to the lactate curve. A point of inflection for a rapid increase in plasma lactate during incremental exercise was discovered. When this model was applied to diet, no differences in lactate threshold were found between the diets. Some criteria for fat adaptation were met, namely diet affected plasma FFA, glycerol, and cholesterol. However diet did not affect plasma TG, lactate, or glucose. This indicates that the rate of fatty acid oxidation was increased following fat adaptation, but it did not affect the rate of glucose oxidation and glycolysis during exercise. A lactate threshold for the equine can be obtained using a broken line model. Further studies using this approach are needed to establish its correlation with performance.
Master of Science

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Mrykalo, Robert. "The florida burrowing owl in a rural environment breeding habitat, dispersal, post-breeding habitat, behavior, and diet /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001102.

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Ye, Yisha. "Proteomics study of the effects of fish oil and corn oil enriched diet on membranous nephritis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887753.

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Catta-Preta, Mariana. "Dietas hiperlipídicas alteram citocinas inflamatórias, adipocinas, tecido adiposo e fígado em camundongos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6840.

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As dietas ricas em lipídios saturados provocam efeitos deletérios no metabolismo de glicose, secreção de adipocinas e inflamação, entretanto, outros tipos de lipídios podem modular de forma diferenciada tais efeitos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídios, no tecido adiposo e no fígado. Camundongos machos C57BL/6 foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=10/grupo): animais que receberam dieta controle (standart chow, SC, 10% de lipídios, grupo controle) e animais que receberam diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas (High-fat, HF, 60% de lipídios): à base de banha de porco (lard, grupo HF-L), à base de óleo de oliva (olive oil, grupo HF-O), à base de óleo de girassol (sunflower oil, grupo HF-S) e à base de óleo de canola (canola oil, grupo HF-Ca).Os animais foram alimentados com as dietas experimentas por 10 semanas. Diariamente a ingestão alimentar era verificada e semanalmente a massa corporal foi aferida. A glicose de jejum e o teste intraperitoneal de tolerância a insulina (TITI) foram realizados uma semana antes da eutanásia. No dia da eutanásia o sangue foi coletado, o tecido adiposo e o fígado dissecados e pesados. A insulina, leptina, adiponectina, resistina, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFα), interleucina-6 (IL-6), proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 (MCP-1) e inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1) foram dosadas por ELISA. Com os dados de insulina e glicose foi calculado o índice HOMA-IR. Os animais dos grupos HF-L e HF-O apresentaram os maiores valores de insulina, resistina, leptina e HOMA-IR em comparação aos outros grupos (P < 0,0001). No grupo HF-L, os níveis de IL-6 foram maiores quando comparados com os demais grupos (P < 0,0005), enquanto os valores de adiponectina foram os menores (P < 0,0001). A quantidade de gordura subcutânea e visceral foi maior no grupo HF-L e este grupo apresentou também um aumento no diâmetro dos adipócitos. Entretanto a relação:visceral:subcutânea foi maior nos grupos HF-L e HF-O quando comparado com os demais grupos. Além disso, houve aumento de triglicérides hepáticos e de esteatose hepática nos animais dos grupos HF-L e HF-O. Nossos achados nos permitem concluir que animais que são alimentados com dietas hiperlipídica, a distribuição do tecido adiposo, o metabolismo de carboidratos, acumulo de triglicérides hepáticos e esteatose hepática são mais influenciados pelo tipo de lipídios do que pela quantidade.
Diets rich in saturated fat have a deleterious effect on glucose metabolism, adipokine release and inflammation. However, other lipid sources may modulate these parameters differently. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets from different sources on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 5 groups (n=10/group): standard chow fed mice (SC, 10% lipid, control group), and mice fed with high-fat diets (HF, 60% lipids) as follow: lard (HF-L), olive oil (HF-O), sunflower oil (HF-S), and canola oil (HF-C). Diets were offered for 10 weeks. Food intake was recorded daily and body mass weekly. One week before euthanasia, fasting glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were assessed. At euthanasia, blood was collected, and the liver and adipose tissue were weighed. Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interlekin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by an Elisa assay. The HOMA-IR index was calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin. Insulin, resistin, leptin and HOMA-IR were higher in HF-L and HF-O groups compared with the remainder groups (P < 0.0001). IL-6 was higher in the HF-L group compared with the other groups (P < 0.0005), whereas adiponectin levels were the lowest (P < 0.0001). The amount of both subcutaneous and visceral fat depots was the highest in the HF-L group, and they also had increased adipocyte diameter. However, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio was higher in HF-L and HF-O groups compared with the remainder groups. Additionally, HF-L and HF-O groups showed increased hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis. Our data allow us to conclude that the type of lipid instead of its amount is important for determining adipose tissue distribution, carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic triglyceride accumulation and steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet.

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14

Gore, Asa M. "The effect of soybean oil in starter diets on nursery air quality and performance of weanling pigs." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53072.

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Crossbred pigs 3 to 4 weeks of age were randomly assigned from outcome groups based on weight and sex to one of four dietary treatments either with or without added soybean oil or hulls. Nursery air quality was evaluated by measuring the concentrations of ammonia, carbon dioxide, settled dust, suspended particle size, and by microbiologically culturing air samples. Weekly performance data was also collected. ADG was unaffected by dietary treatment. ADFI was increased when soybean hulls were added to the ration with the difference being significant in trials 1 and 2 and over-all. Adding soybean oil to the ration produced slightly lower feed intakes over all trials but was not significant. Rations with added soybean oil reduced F/G, whereas, the addition of soybean hulls increased F/G for over-all trials. The response to soybean oil was less when soybean hulls were added. A comparison of rations 1 and 4 showed only slight differences in ADG, ADFI and F/G. The addition of soybean oil resulted in a 47% reduction in settled dust for trials 1 and 2 combined, and a 45% reduction for trial 3. Mean bacterial colony counts for each week and over-all for trial 3 were lower when soybean oil was added to the ration. Ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. From the results of this experiment, the addition of soybean oil to starter diets improved nursery air quality and performance in some cases, however, gas concentrations were not different.
Master of Science

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15

Langemeier, Austin James. "Effects of yeast, essential oils, increased zinc oxide and copper sulfate, or their combination in nursery diets on pig performance." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36380.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jim L. Nelssen
Two experiments evaluated the effects of feeding growth promoting alternatives, alone or in combination, on nursery pig performance in comparison to a common feed additive, carbadox. In Exp.1, 288 weaned pigs (Line 600 × 241; DNA, 5.36 kg) were used in a 42-d study. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in pens of 4 at weaning in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged with a negative control diet with no dietary feed additive, a positive control with added carbadox or 7 treatments including added copper sulfate (CuSO₄; 0 vs. 125 ppm Cu) and added zinc oxide (ZnO; 0 vs. 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 28), essential oils from XTRACT 6930 at 0.91 kg/ton, Safman (yeast cell walls) at 0.23 kg/ton , Biosaf HR (yeast cells) at 0.68 kg/ton. These supplements were fed alone or in combination. From d 0 to 7 experimental diets were a pelleted diet and fed in a meal form from d 7 to 28, followed by a common corn-soybean meal-based diet from d 28 to 42. Essential oil blend (cinnamaldehyde) and yeast had no (P > 0.05) effect on ADG. Feeding carbadox or added trace minerals (Cu and Zn) improved ADG (P < 0.05) of nursery pigs compared to the control. Carryover effects from any of these dietary treatments on subsequent growth performance were not (P > 0.05) different. The use of added trace minerals Cu and Zn alone or in conjunction with either yeast or essential oil blend (cinnamaldehyde) results in ADG and G/F comparable to carbadox. In Exp. 2, 280 weaned pigs (Line 600 × 241; DNA, 5.18 kg) were used in a 35-d study. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in pens of 5 at weaning in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged with a negative control diet with no dietary feed additive, a positive control with added carbadox or 5 treatments including added copper sulfate (CuSO₄; 0 vs. 125 ppm Cu) and added zinc oxide (ZnO; 0 vs. 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 35), and Victus® LIV (145 or 435 ppm). These supplements were fed alone or in combination (Cu/Zn and 145 ppm Victus® LIV or Cu/Zn and 435 ppm Victus® LIV. Diets were fed in meal form. Feeding carbadox, 145 ppm Victus® LIV or added trace minerals (Cu and Zn) improved ADG (P < 0.05) of nursery pigs compared to the control. In summary, under the conditions of these experiments, pigs fed zinc/copper, 145 ppm Victus® LIV or a combination of these had similar (P > 0.05) growth performance to pigs fed carbadox.

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Crisóstomo, Luísa João Pereira. "Análise biogeográfica da dieta de um predador de topo ao longo da região Paleártica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18927.

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Existem vários estudos sobre a dieta de predadores de topo a uma escala local, mas o estudo da dieta de uma espécie ao longo de diferentes regiões geográficas poderá permitir a deteção de certos padrões e variações ecológicas. Para estudar a variação biogeográfica da dieta do bufo-real (Bubo bubo) ao longo do Paleártico criou-se uma base de dados baseada em 192 estudos. Pretendia-se analisar padrões em macro-escala de descritores da dieta e avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições ambientais, de descritores da paisagem e da disponibilidade de presas. Registaram-se 346813 presas de 698 espécies distintas. As principais presas são os lagomorfos e os roedores, enquanto que as aves constituem importantes presas alternativas. Temperaturas mais elevadas favorecem a diversidade trófica, mas esta diminui com a latitude e a longitude. Os resultados revelam a natureza oportunista do bufo-real e a sua elevada adaptabilidade trófica a diferentes habitats e condições ambientais; Biogeographic analysis of a top predator's diet across the Paleartic Region Summary: There are several studies about top predators' diet at a local scale, but studying a species diet across different geographic regions may allow the detection of certain patterns and variations which might influence its ecological features. We created a database of 192 papers to study the diet of the Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) across the Palearctic region. We analysed large scale biogeographical patterns of diet descriptors in relation to different environmental conditions, including climate, landscape and prey availability. We recorded 346816 preys from 698 different species. The main prey groups are lagomorphs and rodents, whereas birds represent important alternative prey. Higher temperatures favour a higher trophic diversity, which in turn decreases at lower latitudes and longitudes. The results reveal the opportunistic nature of the Eurasian Eagle Owl and its high trophic adaptability to different habitats and environments.

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17

Jordan, Kyle Edward. "Effects of amino acid inclusion, oil source or mineral supplementation of swine diets on finishing or nursery pig performance." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19783.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Robert Goodband
In 6 experiments, a total of 1,802 pigs were used to determine: 1) effects of increasing crystalline amino acids in sorghum- or corn-based diets on nursery or finishing pig growth performance; 2) effects of different Zn sources on nursery pig performance; and 3) effects of different corn oil sources on nursery pig performance. In the first set of experiments, corn or sorghum-based diets were supplemented with increasing levels of synthetic amino acids up to the 5[superscript]th limiting amino acid. For nursery pigs, there were no main or interactive effects (P>0.05) of grain source or added amino acids which suggests that balancing up to the fifth limiting amino acid is possible in both sorghum- and corn-based diets with the use of crystalline amino acids without detrimental effects on nursery pig growth performance. For finishing pigs, balancing to the 5[superscript]th limiting AA using NRC (2012) suggested amino acid ratios in corn- or sorghum-based diets resulted in decreased ADG and G:F and pigs fed corn-based diets had greater G:F and IV than those fed sorghum. The second set of studies compared two new zinc sources to a diet containing pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig growth performance. These studies demonstrated that increasing Zn up to 3,000 ppm Zn increased ADG and ADFI. Lower levels of the new zinc sources did not elicit similar growth performance as the high level of ZnO. The third set of studies compared increasing levels of different sources of corn oil to diets containing soy oil. In the first study, an oil source × level interaction was observed (P<0.05) for ADG, G:F and caloric efficiency; however in the second study that compared a different corn oil source there were no interactions observed. Overall, increasing the level of oil from either corn- or soy-oil improved feed efficiency similar to expectations. However, the data suggests that differences in performance can be observed between different corn oil sources derived from different locations. These studies show the benefits of adding either corn or soybean oil in late-phase nursery diets to improve performance, and cost and availability should dictate which source to use.

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18

Khattak, Farina Malik. "Fatty acid profiles and oxidative stability in tissue from chicks fed diets varying in oil and glucosinolate type and content." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU528929.

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Four experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of glucosinolates, the level and type of dietary fat and -tocopherol acetate (ATA) supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid composition, oxidative stability of tissues and immunological changes in the caecal crypts and bone marrow cells. In Experiment 1, 270 chicks were fed diets containing either whole full-fat rape seed (FFR) with a glucosinolate content of 14.4 mmol/kg or marine oil (MO) calculated to provide 40 and 120 g fat/kg diet. At each level of fat in the diet ATA was supplied at 20 and 300 mg/kg diet. Data presented in this study indicate that whole FFR (low glucosinolate) and MS(high glucosinolate) at the level of 300 and 50 g/kg respectively can be consumed by broiler chicks without any detrimental effects. Birds fed diets containing low glucosinolate MuO, RO, and RSM showed similar performance to those of birds fed the soya based control diets. The data showed that fatty acid composition of tissue lipid can be manipulated to varying degrees of changing the fatty acid composition of dietary lipid. Tissue monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and n3 fatty acid proportions were increased and n6:n3 ratio was decreased by feeding diets containing FFR, MS, MuO, RO and RSM, Supplemental ATA increased the -tocopherol content of blood serum and improved the stability of tissue lipid to oxidation when used at the level of 300 mg/kg diet. Inclusion of enzyme treated FFR and RSM in broiler diets improved weight gains and reduced the caecal irritation caused by contents of the diet. Cells identified in the caecal crypts and bone marrow tissue showed a potential for determining the immunological responses of birds to various diets.

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Ribeiro, Angelo Dias Brito. "Uso de óleo essencial de tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) na dieta de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-04092015-153233/.

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Três experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de tomilho nos parâmetros ruminais, metabolismo e desempenho. O experimento I teve por objetivo avaliar se o óleo essencial de tomilho exerce efeito sofre a fermentação ruminal e consequentemente no metabolismo de ovinos confinados, bem como avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em dietas com 90% concentrado e 10% de volumoso. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, machos castrados e canulados no rúmen. O experimento teve duração de 23 dias, dos quais 18 foram para adaptação as dietas. A ração base foi composta por feno de \"coastcross\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico, cloreto de amônia e mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS, 2) ração base + 1,25 mL, 3) ração base + 2,50 mL e 4) 3,75 mL de óleo essencial de tomilho por kg/MS. O consumo de MS, MO, FDN e PB foram similares entre os tratamentos. Apresentando o mesmo comportamento para as variáveis de digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN e PB. As concentrações de AGCC para as dietas com óleo essencial foram semelhantes à dieta com monensina. A inclusão de óleo essencial de tomilho nas dietas indica que este é uma potencial alternativa à monensina. O objetivo do experimento II foi avaliar se o óleo essencial de tomilho exerce efeito sofre a fermentação ruminal e consequentemente no metabolismo de ovinos confinados, bem como avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em dietas com 80% volumoso e 20% concentrado. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, machos castrados e canulados no rúmen. O experimento teve duração de 28 dias, dos quais 23 foram para adaptação as dietas experimentais. A dieta base foi composta por pré secado de \"tifton\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS, 2) ração base+ 1,25 mL, 3) ração base + 2,50 mL e 4) 3,75 mL de óleo essencial de tomilho por kg/MS. As dietas experimentais com óleos essencial apresentaram valores de consumo e digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN e PB similares à dieta com monensina. A menor inclusão do óleo essencial apresentou valor de propionato e relação acetato:propionato similares à monensina. Houve interação dieta x dia de colheita para isobutirato, butirato, isovalerato e total de AGCC. A dieta com 1,25 mL de óleo apresentou o maior valor de pH. O óleo essencial de tomilho pode ser uma alternativa em substituição ao uso da Monensina. O objetivo do experimento III foi avaliar o óleo essencial de tomilho (Thymus vulgaris) sobre o ganho de peso e eficiência alimentar de borregas confinadas com dietas com alta inclusão de volumoso. Cinquenta borregas ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, foram alojadas individualmente em baias cobertas. O período experimental foi de 84 dias, divididos em três sub-períodos de 28 dias. A dieta base foi composta por pré-secado de \"tifton\", milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico, mistura mineral. As dietas experimentais foram: 1) ração base (sem adição de óleo essencial ou monensina); 2) ração base + 25 mg de monensina por kg/MS; 3) ração base + 1,25 mL; 4) ração base + 2,5 mL; 5) ração base + 3,75 mL de óleo essencial por kg/MS. Não houve diferença de GMD entre os tratamentos no período total. O segundo período apresentou o melhor desempenho dos animais. A infestação por coccidiose foi menor na dieta com Monensina. Os teores dos aditivos utilizados não apresentam melhora no desempenho de borregas alimentadas com alto teor de volumoso. No entanto, monensina foi capaz de controlar a coccidiose.
Three experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluate the effect of thyme essential oil on ruminal fermentation, metabolism and performance. The experiment I was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil has an effect on ruminal fermentation and consequently the metabolism of feedlot sheep, as well as evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients diets with 90% concentrate and 10% forage. They were used 20 sheep ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, castrated males and fistulated in the rumen. The experiment lasted 23 days, of which 18 were for adaptation diets. The basal ration consisted of hay coast cross, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone, of ammonia chloride and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and CP were similar between treatments. The SCFA concentrations for diets with essential oil were similar to the diet with monensina. The inclusion of thyme essential oil in diets that this is a potential alternative to monensina. The experiment II was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil has an effect on ruminal fermentation and consequently the metabolism of feedlot sheep, as well as evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients diets with 80 % forage and 20% concentrate. They were used 20 sheep ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês, castrated males and fistulated in the rumen. The experiment lasted 28 days, of which 23 were for adaptation diets. The basal ration consisted of pre-dryng Tifton, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. The intake and digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and CP were similar between treatments. The lower inclusion of essential oil showed a value propionate and acetate: propionate ratio similar monensin. There were diet x day interaction for isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate and the total SCFA. The diet with 1.25 mL of thyme showed the highest pH value. The thyme essential oil can be an alternative to replace the use of monensina. The experiment III was conducted to evaluate the thyme essential oil on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot lambs diets with 80% forage and 20% concentrate. Fifty lambs ½ Dorper x ½ Santa Inês were housed individually in covered bays. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided into three sub-periods of 28 days. The basal ration consisted of pre-dryng Tifton, ground corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral mixture. The experimental diets were: 1) basal ration + 25 mg of monensin per kg/DM, 2) basal ration + 1.25 mL, 3) basal ration + 2.50 mL and 4) basal ration + 3.75 mL of essential oil of thyme per kg/DM. There was no gain difference in average daily gain between treatments in the total period. The second period had the best performance of the animals. Infestation by coccidiosis was lower in the diet with monensina. The levels of the additives used not showed improvement in performance lambs fed with high content of forage. However, monensin was able to control coccidiosis.

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20

Middleton, Olivia Lane. "A Low-Fat Diet Containing Heated Soybean Oil Promotes Hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J Mice." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/49.

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A Low-fat Diet Containing Heated Soybean Oil Promotes Hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J Mice Introduction: The metabolic effects of consuming mildly oxidized lipids as compared to highly oxidized lipids are not well documented. Consumption of highly oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, even in a low-fat diet, may be a threat to one’s health. Previous studies in our lab have shown that mice consuming soybean oil heated for 3 hours, compared to unheated, gain less body weight, but more fat pad mass, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with soybean oil heated for ≥ 6 hours have abrogated triglyceride accumulation. Another study showed that rats fed highly oxidized oil (heated > 24 hrs), as compared to fresh soybean oil and fish oil, had lower fat pad mass and weight gain but developed glucose intolerance. This suggested that the extent of lipid oxidation determined the subsequent metabolic risk. Objective: Our aim, in the current study, is to investigate if a low-fat diet with soybean oil heated for increasing time points (3h, 6h and 9h) alter fat mass and glucose tolerance. Methods: Six week old, male, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8/group). Three groups were fed a low fat diet with soybean oil heated for 3 (3hr-HO), 6 (6hr-HO), or 9 (9hr-HO) hours for 16 weeks. Another three groups were pair-fed to each of the 3hr-HO, 6hr-HO and 9hr-HO groups with a low-fat diet containing unheated oil (PF-UHO). Food consumption was recorded every 3-4 days, and body weights were recorded weekly. Soy oil in the diets was analyzed for products of oxidation. At 16 weeks, blood glucose levels were measured after a 6 hour fast; fat pad and liver weights were recorded, and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for serum insulin analysis. Results: Final weight gain was not significantly different between all HO groups as a percent of their respective PF groups (p >0.05). The feeding efficiency for 3hr, 6hr, and 9hr-HO groups as a percent of PF was 92.75, 113.02, and 111.28, respectively. Mean weights of all fat pads for HO groups decreased with heating time as a percent of PF, although these differences were not statistically significant. Blood glucose was lowest in the 3hr-HO group and significantly increased from 3hr-HO group to 6hr-HO group (p=0.021) as a percent of PF. Serum insulin levels decreased for the HO groups as heating time increased, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Consuming a diet with increasing amounts of oxidized lipids decreased fat pad mass and insulin levels, while increasing fasting glucose levels. This paradoxical relationship between increased glucose in the presence of decreased insulin in c57BL/6J mice could be due to either reduced insulin secretion or increased insulin resistance. Further research in our lab will aim to analyze triglyceride accumulation in the liver and muscle cells of these mice to determine if oxidized lipids promote ectopic fat deposition.

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21

Careaga, de Houck Maria Monica. "Part 1. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acid by human platelets ; Part 2. Phospholipid composition of rat blood cells after feeding diets containing corn oil or corn/fish oil /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487584612162702.

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22

Caleiro, Eliana Miranda. "Efeito da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/265.

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This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) on lipid parameters, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 48 rats divided into 3 groups (8 males and 8 females): CONTROL group: fed with commercial ration; OBESE Group: fed with cafeteria diet or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD); OBESE+COCO Group: PHD and supplemented with EVCO. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal and scrotal fat.It was noted that different effects were observed in obese and supplemented males and females. Females in OBESE group had significant elevation of total cholesterol, effect not attenuated by supplementation with EVCO. In TG, oil supplementation has proved beneficial, causing a reduction in serum levels in males and females. In the OBESE group, marked increase in LDL in females, and slightly increased in males were observed, and the supplementation with EVCO was more effective in lowering LDL in males than in females. In relation to HDL, the OBESE group revealed decrease in males but not in females, while in the OBESE + COCO group increased HDL occurred for both genders. The CONTROL and OBESE+COCO groups showed weight gain starting in the fourth and sixth weeks in males and females, respectively, while the OBESE group had won the starting third week in males and at the sixth week in females. Males had weights higher than females at twelve weeks evaluated. In weighing the retroperitoneal fat was observed lower values in CONTROL group, males showed higher values for females of all groups. The scrotal fat weight in the OBESE+COCO group was superior to CONTROL, and as well as circumference. In conclusion, the EVCO supplementation inobese rats showed lipid-lowering effects, mainly in males. However, the practice was not effective in reducing body weight in both genders, and promotes greater accumulation of abdominal fat in males, a risk factor for heart disease. Therefore, when performing EVCO supplementation should be considered where the desired benefit, gender and the possible effects that this supplement can produce.
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem (OCEV) sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 48 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo CONTROLE: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo OBESO: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo OBESO+COCO: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com OCEV. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de cintura corporal. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides (TG) e glicose, bem como coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal e escrotal nos machos. Tanto a obesidade, quanto a suplementação do OCEV, produziram diferentes efeitos em machos e fêmeas. Fêmeas do grupo OBESO apresentaram importante elevação do colesterol total, efeito não atenuado pela suplementação com OCEV. No TG, a suplementação do óleo revelou-se benéfica, causando redução dos níveis séricos em machos e fêmeas. No grupo OBESO houve acentuado aumento do LDL nas fêmeas, e discreto aumento em machos, sendo que a suplementação com OCEV foi mais eficaz na redução do LDL em machos que em fêmeas. Em relação ao HDL, o grupo OBESO apresentou redução em machos, mas não em fêmeas, enquanto no grupo OBESO+COCO houve aumento do HDL para os dois gêneros. Os grupos CONTROLE e OBESO+COCO apresentaram ganho de peso a partir da quarta e sexta semanas do estudo em machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo OBESO apresentou ganho a partir da terceira semana nos machos e sexta semana nas fêmeas. Os machos tiveram pesos superiores aos das fêmeas nas 12 semanas avaliadas. Na pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal observou-se valores inferiores no grupo CONTROLE, e os machos apresentaram valores superiores ao das fêmeas de todos os grupos. O peso da gordura escrotal no grupo OBESO+COCO foi superior ao CONTROLE, assim como a circunferência abdominal. Conclui-se que a suplementação do OCEV em ratos obesos demonstrou efeitos hipolipemiantes, predominantemente em machos. Entretanto, a prática não foi eficaz em reduzir o peso corporal em ambos os gêneros, além de promover maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos, fator de risco para doenças do coração. Portanto, ao realizar suplementação com OCEV deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado, o gênero e os possíveis efeitos que este suplemento pode produzir.

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Thanamongkollit, Narin. "Modification of Tung Oil for Bio-Based Coating." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1218080747.

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Vieira, Ana Paula Brambilo Menegasso. "Efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de linhaça e castanha-do-Pará sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2011. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/256.

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This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of flaxseed oil and Brazil nuts oil on lipid parameters, liver enzymes, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 64 rats divided into 4 groups (8 males and 8 females): Control group: fed with commercial feed; Group DPH: cafeteria or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD), Group DPH+Li: PHD and supplemented with flaxseed oil; Group DPH+ Ca: PHD and supplemented with Brazil nut oil. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides, enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal fat. It was noted that different effects were observed in males and females supplemented with oils. The Brazil nut oil supplementation in males promoted higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, while in female LDL values were lower than those of PHD and DPH+Li groups and similar to the control, with an increase in HDL males and females. In addition, this oil delayed weight gain and abdominal fat deposition, only in males. Supplementation with flaxseed oil in males promoted lower levels of LDL, while LDL in females was greater than the control and PHD+Ca groups. Delay in weight gain in males and females was observed, as well as less abdominal fat accumulation in females. It is concluded that in the supplementation with flaxseed oil and Brazil nut oil, in rats submitted to PHD, it is important to consider the genre. The Brazil nut oil improves the lipid profile but provides gain weight faster and higher accumulation of abdominal fat in females, while worsening the lipid profile and reduces weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation in males. In both genders, the nut-Para was favorable on HDL. In contrast, the linseed oil produced opposite effects, with improved lipid profile in males and worsens in females, retardation of weight gain in both genders, and increased accumulation of abdominal fat than the Brazil nut oil in males. It should be consider the benefits and possible effects that these supplements produce in males and females, before starting supplementation with oils rich in PUFA
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de linhaça e de castanha-do-Pará sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, enzimas hepáticas, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 64 ratos Wistar, divididos em 4 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo Controle: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo DPH: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo DPH+Li: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com óleo de linhaça; Grupo DPH+Ca: DPH e suplementados com óleo de castanha-do-Pará. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de comprimento e cintura corporais. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides, enzimas lactato desidrogenase (LDH), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanino aminotransferase (ALT), coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal. Foi constatado que diferentes efeitos foram observados em machos e fêmeas suplementados com os óleos. A suplementação com óleo de castanha-do-Pará em machos promoveu maiores valores de colesterol total, LDL e HDL, enquanto em fêmeas os valores de LDL foram inferiores aos dos grupos DPH e DPH+Li e similares ao controle, com aumento do HDL em machos e fêmeas. Além disso, retardou o ganho de peso e o depósito de gordura abdominal, apenas nos machos. A suplementação com linhaça em machos promoveu os menores valores de LDL, enquanto em fêmeas o LDL foi superior ao controle e ao DPH+Ca. Promoveu retardo no ganho de peso em machos e fêmeas, bem como menor acúmulo de gordura abdominal em fêmeas. Conclui-se que ao suplementar os óleos de linhaça e castanha-do-Pará em ratos submetidos à DPH, é importante considerar o gênero. O óleo de castanha-do-Pará melhora o perfil lipídico mas proporciona ganho de peso mais rápido e maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em fêmeas, enquanto piora o perfil lipídico e reduz o ganho de peso e acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos. Em ambos os gêneros, a castanha-do-Pará foi favorável sobre o HDL. Em contrapartida, o óleo de linhaça produziu efeitos opostos, com melhora do perfil lipídico em machos e piora em fêmeas, retardo do ganho de peso nos dois gêneros, e maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal que a castanha-do-Pará em machos. Deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado e os possíveis efeitos que estes suplementos produzem em machos e fêmeas, ao dar início à suplementação com óleos ricos em AGPI.

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Newton, Anne Henry. "Effects of fish oil and butyrate on diet-mediated apoptosis at the promotion stage of colon carcinogenesis." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2793.

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We have previously shown that dietary fish oil and the fiber pectin protect against colon cancer in rats by increasing apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the initiation stage of tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that fish oil would incorporate into the cardiolipin of colonic mitochondrial membranes, creating an environment in which butyrate, a fermentation product of pectin, would also increase ROS and lead to apoptosis, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c translocation from the mitochondria, thus protecting against colon cancer by removing DNA damaged cells at the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. Sixty rats were provided a diet containing 15% corn or fish oil for 11 wk and injected with azoxymethane (AOM) or saline at wk 3 and 4. At wk 11, colonocytes were exposed to +/- butyrate ex vivo for 30 or 60 min. ROS and MMP were measured using fluorescence microscopy, and cytochrome c concentration and caspase-3 activity were measured using ELISA assays. Cardiolipin fatty acid enrichment was measured via TLC and GC. Butyrate increased ROS (p<0.0001) regardless of diet or treatment group. In colonic crypts from fish oilconsuming rats, butyrate reduced MMP (p=0.05). However, butyrate had no effect on MMP if the rats were consuming corn oil. In colonocytes from rats consuming fish oil, butyrate decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c (11%; p=0.02) concomitant with an increase in caspase-3 activity (17%; p=0.04) in the distal colon. In fish oil-fed animals, the n-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA were incorporated into cardiolipin at the expense of n-6 fatty acids. Regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between DHA (R=0.49, p=0.03) and EPA (R=0.59, p=0.02) and cytosolic cytochrome c content. As the percentage of DHA and EPA in the cardiolipin increased, the level of cytochrome c in the cytosol increased. These relationships were not seen in rats consuming corn oil and suggest that these results, induced only by the combination of butyrate with fish oil, may lead to increased apoptosis at the promotion stage of colon carcinogenesis via a mitochondria-mediated mechanism.

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Garcia, Lorena. "Algae meals as a substitute for fish meal and fish oil in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45711.

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Traditionally, marine fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) have been the major feed ingredients used as protein and lipid sources in the formulation of aquaculture feeds. However, these commodities are limited by their availability, high cost as well as negatively impacting the sustainability of wild fish stocks. Thus, finding alternatives sources to replace or reduce the use of FM and FO in aquafeeds is critical. The primary goal of this research was to determine the effects incorporating algal meals into diets fed to the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on production for and organoleptic qualities. Twenty circular tanks composed an outdoor closed system with a volume capacity of 530-L. Specific Pathogen-Resistant (SPR) Pacific white shrimp (mean weight ± SD, 1.31± 0.029) were stocked at a density of 28 shrimp/m2 in a green water system. Shrimp were assigned five dietary treatments. The experimental diets, fed twice daily, were isolipidic (8%), and contained three protein levels: 34%, 37% and 48%. Spirulina and Schizochytrium were used to substitute FM and FO in the experimental diets. Two FM based feeds were used as controls. The production parameters: final weight (9.4 to 14.9 g), percent weight gain (479-680%), growth rate (0.7-1.3 g/week), feed conversion ratio (1.6-2.5) and survival (85-95%) were estimated. Treatment effects for production parameters were evaluated using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). Differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the treatments existed for all production parameters except survival. Organoleptic qualities of shrimp were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences existed for the desirable attributes of aroma, color and sweetness, but not for the attributes of firmness, moistness, and fattiness. Differences were not detected for the undesirable attributes off-odor, fish flavor, earthiness, off-flavor, and overall unpleasantness. The diet containing Spirulina at a 37% protein level with the inclusion of DHA from Schizochitrium, was perceived as not containing undesirable attributes and thus shows promise. Results from this study show that Pacific white shrimp can accept algal meals in their feeds and that the inclusion of certain algae ingredients in shrimp feeds could be commercially viable when considering consumer acceptance.

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Cattai, de Godoy Maria Regina. "FISH OIL AND BARLEY SUPPLEMENTATION IN DIETS FOR ADULT DOGS: EFFECTS ON LIPID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, FECAL QUALITY, AND POSTPRANDIAL GLYCEMIA." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/2.

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Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder encountered in small animal medicine. Problems related with obesity are the higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional and physical activity interventions have been common strategies employed; however, they have shown low compliance rates. Because of it more attention has been given to the nutrient composition of diets. Using the canine model, three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fish oil or barley on protein and lipid metabolism, as well as postprandial glycemia, and nutrient digestibility in mature and in young adult dogs. In Exp. 1, seven female dogs were randomly assigned to one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, control (CO) or fish oil (FO), in a crossover design. Animals fed the FO diet tended to be more sensitive to glucose, showing a lower glucose half life. Cholesterol and HDL decreased (p<0.05) on the FO treatment. Overall, the supplementation of fish oil may improve glucose clearance rate and is effective in decreasing cholesterol in mature overweight dogs. In Exp. 2, eight female Beagles were randomly assigned to one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, control (CO) or fish oil (FO), in a crossover design. Overall, feeding a FO containing diet showed a protective effect against the rise of plasma CHOL and it increased plasma ghrelin levels. However, it did not appear to improve protein metabolism or postprandial glycemia in adult lean dogs. In Exp. 3, sixteen female dogs were randomly assigned to four experimental diets; control (40% corn) or three levels of barley (10, 20, 40%). The data suggest that inclusion of barley up to 40% in diets for adult dogs is well tolerated and does not negatively impact nutrient digestibility of the diets. However, inclusion of barley did not improve aspects related to fecal odor, postprandial glycemia, or plasma cholesterol. Overall, the research presented herein suggests that different nutritional strategies - dietary lipid or carbohydrate manipulation - may be beneficial in ameliorating health issues (e.g., hyperlipidemia) or in improving the health status of dogs (e.g., gut health by increased SCFA production).

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Cardoso, Cristóvão dos Santos. "Utilização de alimentos alternativos na dieta do coelho : gordura de insetos vs gordura de linho." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15158.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica/Produção Animal
Atualmente, a nível mundial, configura-se a perspetiva de um aumento de consumo de insetos tanto pelos humanos como pelos animais, pelo que se considera importante a realização de diferentes estudos, nomeadamente da sua utilização nas dietas animais. Com o objetivo de comparar o efeito do uso de duas gorduras suplementadas na dieta de coelhos, nomeadamente de origem animal e vegetal (óleo de Hermetia illucens, e de linho, respetivamente), foram formulados 4 regimes alimentares com teor baixo (5%) e com teor alto (8%) de gordura, para cada fonte de gordura adicionada, e distribuídos a 48 coelhos (12 x 4) com 35 dias (recém desmamados) alojados em gaiolas de digestibilidade. Os animais tiveram acesso ad libitum a alimento e água durante as 5 semanas do perído experimental, sendo abatidos aos 70 dias de idade. Foram avaliados os resultados zootécnicos, sem diferenças significativas (P>0,05) e recolhidas e analisadas as fezes na 4ª semana do ensaio, para se avaliar a digestibilidade aparente das dietas. Os pesos iniciais (1047g) foram uniformes e os finais (2405g) foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. Verificou-se que há um efeito muito significativo na natureza da gordura (P<0,0001), na digestibilidade da matéria seca e na da matéria orgânica. Os regimes com óleo de insetos têm uma digestibilidade da MS e da MO cerca de 95% da digestibilidade das mesmas frações dos regimes com óleo de linho. Também a digestibilidade das frações EE e EB foi significativamente mais baixa (P<0,05) nos regimes com óleo de inseto. Os regimes com teores de gordura mais altos aumentaram a digestibilidade (P<0,0001) do extracto etéreo, mas diminuíram (P<0,003) a digestibilidade da celulose. Foram analisadas as carcaças, e não houveram diferenças significativas (P>0,05) nos pesos do aparelho digestivo, fígado, gorduras peri-renal e inter-escapular, apenas um efeito no peso do estômago vazio (P=0,006), maior nos regimes com óleo de insetos, provavelmente devido a uma maior retenção de alimento durante o período experimental. Entre os resultados colorimétricos obtidos, não parecem haver diferenças significativas, excepto uma tonalidade mais vermelha na carne dos animais dos regimes com óleo de insetos (P=0,047). De acordo com estes resultados a gordura de insetos pode ser utilizada na alimentação do coelho, apenas com alguma perda na digestibilidade da matéria seca e orgânica, mas não afetando o crescimento nem o rendimento da carcaça.
ABSTRACT - Use of alternative foods in the rabbit diet: insect oil vs flax oil - Currently, the world-wide perspective is an increase in the consumption of insects by both humans and animals. Therefore, it is considered important to carry out different studies including their use in animal diets. In order to compare the effect of two fat supplements on the rabbit diet, from animal and vegetable origin (Hermetia illucens oil, and flax/lindseed oil, respectively), four dietary regimens with low (5%) and high (8%) fat content, for each fat souce added, and distributed to 48 rabbits (12 x 4) with 35 days of age (recently weaned) housed in digestibility cages. The animals had access ad libitum to food and water during the 5 weeks of the experimental period, being slaughtered at 70 days of age. The zootechnical results were evaluated, without significant differences (P> 0.05) and feces were collected in the 4th week oh the trial, and analyzed to evaluate the apparent digestibility of the diets. The initial weights (1047g) were uniform and the final weights (2405g) were similar in all groups. It was verified that there is a very significant effect on the nature of fat (P <0.0001), on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Insect oil regimes have a digestibility of DM and OM about 95% of the digestibility of the same fractions from flax oil regimes. Also, the digestibility of the EE (ethereal extract) and GE (gross energy) fractions were significantly lower (P <0.05) in the insect oil regimens. Regimens with higher fat contents increased the digestibility (P <0.0001) of ethereal extract, but decreased (P <0.003) the cellulose digestibility. Carcasses were analyzed, and there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in digestive tract, liver, peri-renal and inter-scapular fat weights, only an effect on empty stomach weight (P = 0.006), higher in insect oil regimes, probably due to higher feed retention during the experimental period. Among the colorimetric results obtained, there appear to be no significant differences, except for a reddish in meat of the animals who ate insect oil regimes (P = 0.047). According to these results, insect fat can be used on rabbit diet, with only some slightly lower digestibility in dry matter and organic matter, but not affecting the growth or carcass yield.
N/A

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Moreira, Ana Maria de Freitas Oliveira. "Avaliação da aceitabilidade e digestibilidade de dietas para eqüinos com diferentes fontes de óleo vegetal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-12122008-155723/.

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Quatro potros, filhos do mesmo pai, com idade média de 18 meses e peso aproximado de 270 kg, receberam dieta composta de feno de Coast-Cross (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) e concentrado experimental, ao qual foram adicionados diferentes tipos de óleo vegetal (soja, canola, palma ou linhaça), para analisar o efeito sobre a aceitabilidade, digestibilidade aparente da Matéria Seca (MS), Matéria Orgânica (MO), Proteína Bruta (PB), Extrato Etéreo (EE), Fibra Solúvel em Detergente Neutro (FDN), Fibra Solúvel em Detergente Ácido (FDA), valores plasmáticos de Colesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL e Triglicérides. Foi utilizada metodologia de coleta total de fezes e coleta de sangue na veia jugular às 7 horas, em jejum. O delineamento experimental foi em Quadrado Latino (4 animais, 4 tratamentos, 4 repetições). A inclusão dos óleos não afetou significativamente (p<0,05) a aceitabilidade e a digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB, EE, FDN e FDA. Também não foram alterados (p<0,05) os valores plasmáticos de colesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL e triglicérides, indicando que os óleos de soja, canola, palma e linhaça podem ser igualmente utilizados na dieta de eqüinos.
Four foals, same father sons, aged 18 months and average weight 320 kg, were fed a diet composed of Coast-cross hay (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) and concentrate, to analyze the effect of adding different types of vegetable oil (soybean, canola, palm and linseed) on acceptability, apparent digestibility of Dry Matter (DM), Crude Original Matter (CM), Crude Protein (CP), Ethereal Extract (EE), Neutral Detergent Soluble Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Soluble Fiber (ADF) and on cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL and triglycerides plasma levels. Total fecal output collect methodology was used. Blood samples were collected at 7:00 a.m. during ingestion and cooled until sending to the laboratory. Experimental delineation was Latin Square (4 animals, 4 repetitions, 4 treatments). The inclusion of different vegetable oils in diet did not affect (p<0,05) acceptability nor DM, CM, CP, G, NDF and ADF digestibility. Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL and triglycerides plasma levels were not affected (p<0,05).

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Rêgo, Elisabete da Silva Mendonça. "Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/654.

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Epilepsy is a chronic disturbance of brain function characterized by the presence of recurrent and spontaneous seizures, making one of the most frequent and severe neurological diseases, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, mainly children. Among these, 40% had antiepileptic drug refractory seizures. Non-drug options as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation and the ketogenic diet are timely. This diet, used since 1921 in treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy is characterized by a high concentration of lipids and often by low concentration of carbohydrates and proteins. Traditionally, the ketogenic diet use long chain triacylglycerols (LCT), however, the medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) are considered an alternative substrate for promoting faster ketonemia-ketonuria. The oil from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a natural source of MCT, and is used for several purposes, including therapeutic. This dissertation aims to investigate the effects of the ketogenic diet based on coconut oil and soybean oil on epileptic seizures in rats, consists of a review chapter, entitled Drug-resistant epilepsies: an emphasis on treatment ketogenic, and an article from the results, entitled Effects of ketogenic diet based on coconut oil on the seizures of rats with epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. The article deals an experimental study conducted in Wistar rats, divided into three groups (n=10), named according to the diet received, in Control (standard diet AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (ketogenic diet based in coconut oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 7% soybean oil, 22.79% of extra virgin coconut oil and 40% margarine) and CetoTAGsoja (ketogenic diet based in soybean oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 29.79% of soybean oil and 40% margarine). The ratio lipid:carbohydrate+protein of ketogenic diets was 3.5:1 (control diet, 1:11.8). The experimental period lasted 19 days. The animals fed ketogenic diets showed food intake (g) below, however, dispend energetic and weight gain similar to Control group. The behavioral analysis showed that the experimental groups did not differ in frequency and duration of seizures, however, the animals in group CetoTAGcoco had shorter duration of seizures in the 19th day, that the Control group (0.00±0.00 against 22.78±2.95, respectively, P<0.05). Additionally, the CetoTAGcoco group presented lower variation of frequency and duration of seizures between the 19th and 1st day of treatment than the Control group (9.00±1.73 against 11.00±1.00, for frequency, and 20.80±12.61 against 49.14±21.15, for duration, respectively, P<0.05). The results of this study suggest a possible protective effect of ketogenic diet based on extra virgin coconut oil on seizures. That result, coupled with studies attesting to confidence and tolerance of the coconut oil, particularly in ketogenic ratios, indicating a potential benefit of this oil for control the seizures, especially for individuals with medically refractory epilepsy.
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A epilepsia é um disturbio crônico da função cerebral, caracterizado pela presença de crises convulsivas recorrentes e espontâneas. Trata-se de uma das mais frequentes e graves doenças neurológicas, que afeta cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, principalmente crianças. Dentre estas, 40% apresentam crises refratárias às drogas antiepilépticas existentes. Opções não farmacológicas, como cirurgia, estimulação do nervo vago e dieta cetogênica, são oportunas. Esta dieta, utilizada desde 1921 no tratamento da epilepsia fármaco-resistente, caracteriza-se por alta concentração de lipídeos e, frequentemente, por baixa concentração de carboidratos e proteínas. Tradicionalmente, a dieta cetogênica utiliza como fonte lipídica os triacilgliceróis de cadeia longa (TCL); porém, os triacilgliceróis de cadeia média (TCM) são considerados um substrato alternativo, por promoverem cetonemia/cetonúria de forma mais rápida. O óleo proveniente do coco (Cocos nucifera L.) representa uma fonte natural de TCM, sendo utilizado para diversos fins, inclusive terapêuticos. A presente dissertação visa investigar os efeitos de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco e óleo de soja sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos epilépticos. É constituída por um capítulo de revisão, intitulado Epilepsias fármaco-resistentes: uma ênfase no tratamento cetogênico, e um artigo de resultados, intitulado Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina. O artigo trata de um estudo experimental realizado com ratos Wistar, alocados em três grupos (n=10), denominados, segundo a dieta recebida, em Controle (dieta padrão AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco; AIN-93G modificada, com 7% de óleo de soja, 22,79% de óleo de coco extra-virgem e 40% de margarina) e CetoTAGsoja (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de soja; AIN-93G modificada, com 29,79% de óleo de soja e 40% de margarina). A proporção lipídeos: carboidratos+proteína das dietas cetogênicas foi de 3,5:1 (dieta controle, 1:11,8). O período experimental totalizou 19 dias. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos cetogênicos apresentaram consumo alimentar (g) inferior, porém, consumo energético (Kcal) e ganho de peso corporal (g) semelhantes ao grupo Controle. As análises comportamentais demonstraram que os animais dos grupos experimentais não diferiram entre si quanto à freqüência e à duração total das crises; entretanto, os animais do grupo CetoTAGCcoco tiveram menor duração média de crises no 19º dia, que o grupo Controle (0,00±0,00 contra 22,78±12,95, respectivamente; p<0,05). Adicionalmente, o grupo CetoTAGcoco apresentou valores inferiores de variação de frequência e de duração das crises entre o 19° e o 1° dia de tratamento, que o grupo Controle (9,00±1,73 contra 11,00±1,00, para freqüência, e 20,80±12,61 contra 49,14±21,15, para duração, respectivamente; p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo apontam para um possível efeito protetor da dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco extra-virgem sobre as crises convulsivas. Tais resultados, associados a estudos que atestem a confiabilidade e a tolerância do consumo de óleo de coco, particularmente em proporções cetogênicas, poderiam indicar um benefício potencial deste óleo no controle das crises convulsivas, especialmente para indivíduos portadores de epilepsia refratária a medicamentos.

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Konstantinidou, Valentini. "Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of Mediterranean diet and olive oil consumption in humans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7208.

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The scope of the present work was to investigate whether the protective role of the traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD), and virgin olive oil (VOO) rich in phenolic compounds (PC), towards cardiovascular disease can be mediated through gene expression changes. Two trials were performed to assess the in vivo nutrigenomic effects of TMD and VOO in healthy volunteers. The results point out: a) significant gene expression changes of those genes related with cardiovascular-risk processes after VOO ingestion; b) a down-regulation in the expression of atherosclerosis-related genes after a 3-month intervention with a TMD; and c) an olive oil PC health-protective nutrigenomic effect within the frame of the TMD. Changes in gene expression were concomitant with decreases in oxidative damage and systemic inflammation markers. Data from our studies provide further evidence to recommend both the TMD and the VOO as a useful tool for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
El objetivo de este estudio es investigar si el papel protector de la dieta Mediterránea tradicional (TMD) y del aceite de oliva virgen (VOO), rico en compuestos fenólicos (PC), puede ser mediado a través de cambios en la expresión génica. Se realizaron dos ensayos clínicos para evaluar los efectos nutrigenómicos de la TMD y del VOO, in vivo, en voluntarios sanos. Los resultados mostraron a) cambios en la expresión génica de genes relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular tras la ingestión del aceite virgen de oliva, b) una infra-expresión en la expresión de genes relacionados con el proceso aterosclerótico tras una intervención con TMD de 3 meses y c) que los compuestos fenólicos del aceite de oliva ejercen un efecto nutrigenómico protector en el marco de la TMD. Los cambios en la expresión génica fueron coherentes.

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Aboua, Yapo Guillaume. "The impact of organic hydroperoxides and a red palm oil supplemented diet on spermatogenesis, sperm function and sperm apoptosis." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1523.

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Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Many environmental, physiological, and genetic factors have been shown to impair sperm function through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms. The decline in male reproductive health generated considerable public and scientific concerns about the possible role of environmental contaminants. A better understanding of how OS affects sperm function will be beneficial as it might help in the design of new and effective treatment strategies to combat the problem of increasing male subfertility. Studies have suggested that antioxidant nutrients and/or medicines play a protective role in human health. Crude red palm oil (RPO) is known to be the richest natural plant source of antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherols and metalloporpheryns. The aims of this study were twofold: (i) To establish an in vivo animal model of OS by exposing rat to organic hydroperoxide such as t-butyl hydroperoxide (tbHP) and cumene hydroperoxide (cHP) through repeated intraperitoneal injections that can be used for studying these effects on testicular tissue, epididymal sperm and sperm function as well as male reproductive parameters in general. (ii) To investigate the effects of a RPO supplemented diet on male reproductive parameters and tissue in animals exposed to OS. In the first part of the study, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were randomly placed in groups and received standard rat chow (SRC) and water ad lib. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.5 ml), t-butyl hydroperoxide (5µM, 10µM, 20µM and 40µM; 0.5 ml) or cumene hydroperoxide cHP (2.5µM, 5µM, 10µM and 20µM; 0.5 ml) over a 60 day period. In the second part, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were placed randomly in three groups and fed with SRC. Group 1 received no supplement while the food of groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with 2 mL and 4 mL RPO (in 25 gm SRC/day) respectively. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and injected intraperitoneally daily with either saline, 10µM cHP or 20µM tbHP respectively. This was done for 5 consecutive days per week over a 60 day period. Sperm concentrations, and motility, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) activities as well as apoptosis were assessed.

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Faitarone, Ana Beatriz Garcia [UNESP]. "Fornecimento de fontes lipídicas na dieta de poedeiras e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol na gema." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104985.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faitarone_abg_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 754134 bytes, checksum: 45dd71e6381045c73eb898cfbd217a7f (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente experimento teve duração de 112 dias e teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleos vegetais. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado com 10 tratamentos - (T1 – Controle; T2 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça; T3 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de canola; T4 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de soja; T5 – inclusão de 5% de óleo de linhaça; T6 – inclusão de 5% de óleo de canola; T7- inclusão de 5% de óleo de soja; T8 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça + 2,5% de óleo de soja; T9 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de canola + 2,5% de óleo de soja e T10 – inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça + 2,5% de óleo de canola) - e seis repetições de oito aves por parcela experimental, perfazendo um total de 480 aves. Foram avaliadas o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma de ovos produzidos, a gravidade específica dos ovos, a resistência da casca à quebra, a cor de gema, as percentagens de gema, albúmen e casca, a espessura de casca e o índice gema. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para peso e massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos produzidos, gravidade específica dos ovos, resistência da casca à quebra, espessura de casca, percentagens de gema, albúmen e casca. Concluiuse que a suplementação de óleos vegetais, na ração de poedeiras comercias leves não promoveu melhoras no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos
The present experiment lasted 112 days and aimed to weigh up the performance and eggs quality of light laying hens fed with diets supplemented with vegetal oil. The light laying hens were distributed on an completely randomized design with 10 treatments (T1 - control, T2- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil in the diet, T3- inclusion of 2.5% of canola oil in the diet; T4-inclusion of 2.5% of soybean oil in the diet; T5- inclusion of 5% of linseed oil in the diet; T6- inclusion of 5% of canola oil in the diet; T7-inclusion of 5% oil soy in the diet; T8- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil +2.5% soybean oil in the diet; T9- inclusion of 2.5% canola oil + 2.5% soybean oil in the diet and T10- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil + 2.5% of canola oil in the diet) and six repetition of eight birds by experimental sector, adding up to 480 birds. The ration consumption, the eggs production, the weight and mass, the alimentary conversion per dozen and per kilogram of produced eggs, specific gravity of the eggs, the strength egg shell to break, the yolk color, proportion of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness and yolk index were weighed up. Significant differences among the treatments for weight and eggs mass, food conversion by produced dozen eggs, specific eggs gravity, resistance to shell break, shell thickness, percentages of yolk, albumen and shell were not observed. It was concluded that the vegetal oils supplementation on the given diets to light laying commercial hens doesn’t affect the performance and the eggs quality

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Pinto, Donovan Filipe Henrique. "Fontes e níveis de lipídios em dietas para girinos de rã-touro /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153324.

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Orientador: Marta Verardino De Stéfani
Resumo: A adequação e a identificação da biodisponibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta a uma determinada espécie é realizada através de ensaios de digestibilidade. Porém, o método utilizado pode superestimar ou subestimar seus resultados. Neste sentido, o primeiro trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do lipídio (CDLIP) de quatro óleos de origem vegetal (milho, linhaça, canola e girassol) e dois de origem animal (resíduos de peixe e salmão) para girinos de rã-touro, comparando-se o método do lipídio digestível com o método clássico de substituição. Não houve diferença significativa entre os CDLIP de ambas metodologias, concluindo-se que ambas metodologias podem ser utilizadas para a determinação do CDLIP dos diferentes óleos. Entre os óleos avaliados o de girassol e linhaça tiveram melhor aproveitamento da gordura pelos girinos. Tendo em vista a importância dos lipídios como fonte de energia, o objetivo do segundo estudo foi avaliar o efeito de duas fontes (óleo de peixe e óleo de girassol) e níveis (3, 6, 9 e 12%) de óleo no desempenho e composição corporal de girinos de rã-touro. Os tipos e níveis de óleo não afetaram a sobrevivência em ambos ensaios. A maior porcentagem de gordura e de energia bruta corporal dos girinos alimentados com o óleo de peixe foram com 10,5% e 10,9% de EE na dieta respectivamente; nos girinos que receberam óleo de girassol foi de 9,3 e 9,7% de EE na dieta, respectivamente. Os ácidos graxos corporais dos girinos acompanharam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The adequacy and the identification of the bioavailability of the nutrients of the diet to a given species is carried out by means of digestibility tests. However, the method used may overestimate or underestimate its results. In this sense, the first work was to evaluate the lipid apparent digestibility coefficient (CDLIP) of four vegetable oils (corn, linseed, canola and sunflower) and two of animal origin (fish and salmon residues) for tadpoles bull-frog, comparing the method of digestible lipid with the classic method of substitution. There was no significant difference between the CDLIP of both methodologies, concluding that both methodologies can be used for the determination of the CDLIP of the different oils. Among the evaluated oils the sunflower and linseed had better use of fat by the tadpoles. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effect of two sources (fish oil and sunflower oil) and levels (3, 6, 9 and 12%) of oil in the performance and body composition of bullfrog tadpoles. Oil types and levels did not affect survival in both trials. The highest percentage of fat and gross body energy of tadpoles fed with fish oil were 10.5% and 10.9% EE in the diet, respectively; in tadpoles that received sunflower oil was 9.3 and 9.7% of EE in the diet, respectively. The fatty acids of the tadpoles followed the profile of the fatty acids of the diets. According to the results, the use of 10% EE in the diet for better weight gain, TCE and body fat of bullfrog t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Gressler, Camila Costa. "EFEITOS DA DIETA HIPERLIPÍDICA SUPLEMENTADA COM ÓLEOS VEGETAIS NOS PARÂMETROS METABÓLICOS E INFLAMATÓRIOS EM RATOS WISTAR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5740.

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The consumption of trans fat is strongly associated to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by its action on plasma lipids and because they act in an inflammatory processes; besides, vegetable oils are used by population to prevent these kind of disease. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of consuming a high fat diet supplemented with coconut oil, avocado oil and chia oil in inflammatory and metabolic parameters in wistar rats. After seven days in adjustment period, 35 male Wistar rats received a standard diet for 45 days (TC), hyperlipidemic diet and coconut oil (DHCO), hyperlipidemic diet and avocado oil (DHAB) and hyperlipidemic diet and chia oil (DHCH), by gavage in the amount of 0.8 mL/kg body weight. The diet consumption and serum TG levels were higher in TC. Liver weight was higher in groups DHCO and DHAB, with no statistical difference between groups (p <0.05) considering weight gain, epididymal fat weight and TC, HDL and LDL serum levels. Higher plasma concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ were found in the groups DHSF, DHCO and DHAB and lower in TC and DHCH groups. The IL-10 was higher in the group DHCH. In the morphometric analysis, the DHCH group showed increase on the cell number and reduction on their cytoplasm area. The intervention on the hyperlipidemic diet consumption with trans fatty acid allowed to observe that the lipid profile is preceded by a systemic inflammatory environment, which is modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid), present in chia oil, which reversed this scene, but does not override the consumption of a balanced diet observed by the TC group. This proves that dietary intervention to prevent CVD must be associated to appropriate choices of lipid intake, maintaining an adequate intake of omega-3, as evidenced in this paper by the decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL -6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and IL-10 increased, which is considered anti-inflammatory.
O consumo de gordura trans é fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) por sua ação sobre os lipídios plasmáticos e por atuarem em processos inflamatórios, sendo que os óleos vegetais são utilizados pela população para a prevenção dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com óleo de coco, óleo de abacate e óleo de chia nos parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios em ratos wistar. Após sete dias em período de adaptação, 35 ratos wistar machos receberam por 45 dias dieta padrão (TC), dieta hiperlipídica e soro fisiológico (DHSF), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de coco (DHCO), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de abacate (DHAB) e dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de chia (DHCH), sendo que os óleos foram ofertados por gavagem na quantidade de 0,8 mL/kg de peso corporal. O consumo da dieta e níveis séricos de TG foram maiores no TC. O peso do fígado foi maior nos grupos DHCO e DHAB, sendo que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p< 0,05) quanto ao ganho de peso, peso de gordura epididimal e níveis séricos de CT, HDL e LDL. Concentrações plasmáticas mais elevadas de IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ foram encontradas nos grupos DHSF, DHCO e DHAB e as menores nos grupos TC e DHCH. A IL-10 foi maior no grupo DHCH. Na análise morfométrica, o grupo DHCH apresentou aumento do número de células e redução na área do citoplasma das mesmas. A intervenção do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica com ácido graxo trans permitiu observar que a alteração do perfil lipídico é precedida de um ambiente inflamatório sistêmico, o qual é modulado pelo ácido graxo ômega 3 (α-linolênico), presente no óleo de chia, o qual reverteu este quadro, mas não sobrepõe-se ao consumo de uma dieta equilibrada observada pelo grupo TC. Isto comprova que a intervenção dietética para prevenir a ocorrência de DCV deve estar associada a escolhas adequadas da ingestão de lipídios, mantendo um aporte adequado de ácido graxo ômega-3, evidenciado no trabalho pela diminuição das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ) e aumento da IL-10 considerada anti-inflamatória.

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36

Eno, Megan. "The effect of the supplementation of cranberry seed oil on the lipid profiles of human subjects." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007enom.pdf.

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Nunes, Cleujosí da Silva. "Desempenho de produção e enriquecimento em ácidos graxos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) com diferentes fontes lipídicas nas dietas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96567.

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Resumo: Fontes lipídicas de origem animal e vegetal foram usadas em dietas de juvenis de pacu para avaliar o desempenho de produção, composição corporal, perfil de ácidos graxos corporais e digestibilidade. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos do Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP - CAUNESP, em Jaboticabal - SP. Cinco dietas isoprotéicas (26 % proteína bruta) constituíram os tratamentos (SS - sem adição de óleo; SJ - óleo de soja degomado; SA - óleo de salmão; GI- óleo de girassol; LI- óleo de linhaça) estudados. Foi realizado um ensaio de crescimento, no qual foram coletadas amostras teciduais para composição corporal e perfil de ácidos graxos, assim como um ensaio de digestibilidade. Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre os parâmetros de crescimento, exceto para consumo de ração diário (P < 0,01), cujo maior valor foi encontrado para a dieta SA. Maior digestibilidade da fração protéica foi observada com a dieta SJ, enquanto que a fração lipídica apresentou-se mais digestível na dieta LI. Para os parâmetros de composição corporal (umidade, proteína bruta e lipídios) e eficiência de retenção de nutrientes, não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05). No entanto, encontrou-se diferença (P < 0,05) no perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) de amostras de filé e carcaça, em que as dietas SA e LI apresentaram melhores resultados quanto à presença de AG essenciais.
Abstract: Animal and vegetable lipid sources were used in diets of juvenile pacu to evaluate growth, body composition, fatty acids profile, and digestibility. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition of Aquatic Organisms of the Aquaculture Center - CAUNESP/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five isonitrogenous (26 % crude protein) diets containing different sources of lipids: NS - non supplemented diet; CS - crude soybean oil; SA - salmon oil; SF - sunflower oil; and LI - linseed oil. In the digestibility and growth trials, tissue samples were collected for body composition and fatty acids profile. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the growth parameters, except for food consumption (P < 0.01), which was higher for SA diet. Protein digestibility was higher for CS while lipids were better digestible with LI diet. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for body composition (moisture, crude protein and lipids) or nutrients retention. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in fatty acids (FA) profile of fillet and carcass samples, in which satisfactory results indicated by the presence of essential FA were achieved by supplementing the diets with salmon and linseed oils.
Orientador: Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho
Coorientador: Dalton José Carneiro
Banca: Marcos Yassuo Kamogawa
Banca: Maria Célia Portella
Mestre

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Bester, Dirk Jacobus. "The effect of red palm oil supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet and a high saturated fat diet on ischaemia/perfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1470.

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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006
Research has shown that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway leads to myocardial protection from oxidative stress conditions, such as ischaemia and reperfusion. Few of these studies have however combined diet induced oxidative stress with ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Although little is known about the effects of supplements such as red palm oil (RPO) on the NO-cGMP pathway, research has shown that dietary RPO-supplementation improved reperfusion aortic output recovery through mechanisms that may include activation of the NO-cGMP- and inhibition of the cAMP pathway. RPO is an antioxidant-rich oil containing ~carotene and Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The aims of this study were to determine: 1) whether RPO-supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) and a high saturated fat diet (HFD) offers protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart and 2) the possible mechanisms for this protection. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups for a period of 14 weeks according to the dietary supplementation they received. The control groups received either an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) or a high saturated fat diet (HFD), while the experimental groups received an ORD supplemented with RPO (ORD+RPO) or a HFD supplemented with RPO (HFD+RPO).

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Almeida, Bianca Bellizzi de. "Efeitos metabólicos da combinação de triglicerídeos de cadeia média e óleo de peixe na esteatose hepática e estresse oxidativo induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica termolizada em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-20122014-103613/.

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Introdução: Os efeitos metabólicos do uso combinado dos triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM) e do óleo de peixe (OP) na esteatose hepática ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da combinação dos TCMs e OP na esteatose hepática e estresse oxidativo induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica (HL+) termolizada em ratos. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados no total 50 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. O grupo Controle (n=10) recebeu a dieta controle. Os grupos HL+ receberam a dieta contendo 50% de gordura animal (GA) termolizada e 50% de ração. A adaptação às dietas HL+ foi realizada durante 5 dias. Os grupos HL+GA, HL+TCM, HL+OP e HL+TCM/OP (n=10) receberam a dieta HL+ com 50% de lipídios (gordura animal termolizada) durante 30 dias. Após este período, os grupos HL+TCM, HL+OP e HL+OP/TCM receberam as dietas HL+ adicionadas de óleo de TCM (OTCM), OP e OTCM + OP, respectivamente, durante 20 dias. As análises realizadas foram a gordura hepática total, frações lipídicas hepáticas e séricas, glicemia, vitamina E e retinol séricos, glutationa reduzida (GSH) e malondialdeído (MDA) sérico e hepático e aminotransferases séricas. Resultados: Os grupos HL+ apresentaram acúmulo significativo de gordura total e triglicerídeos hepáticos, exceto o HL+OP. Apenas o grupo HL+TCM não apresentou acúmulo significativo de colesterol total hepático (CT). Este mesmo grupo apresentou valores maiores de CT e HDLcol séricos e menor razão triglicerídeos/HDLcol. Os valores séricos de aminotransferases foram significativamente maiores nos grupos que receberam os OTCM e/ou OP. A peroxidação lipídica (LPO) hepática foi maior foi nos grupos HL+, exceto o HL+TCM. Apenas o grupo HL+GA apresentou maior LPO sérica. Verificou-se que a GSH foi maior nos grupos HL+GA, HL+TCM e HL+OP/TCM, a vitamina E sérica foi menor nos grupos HL+GA, HL+OP e HL+OP/TCM e o retinol sérico foi maior nos grupos HL+GA e HL+TCM. Conclusões: As alterações séricas não refletiram as alterações hepáticas em relação aos lipídios, estresse oxidativo e antioxidantes. O uso do óleo de TCM e óleo de peixe em associação na dieta HL+ resultou em efeito negativo devido ao maior acúmulo de gordura hepática tanto na forma de triglicerídeos quanto de colesterol, maior peroxidação lipídica hepática e menor vitamina E sérica.
Introduction: The metabolic effects of combined use of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and fish oil (FO) on non alcoholic hepatic steatosis are not fully understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of MCT and FO on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress induced by high fat (HF+) thermolyzed diet in rats. Methodology: Fifty wistar male rats were studied. The Control group (n = 10) received the standard diet. The HF+ groups received diet with 50% of thermolyzed animal fat (AF) and 50% of ration. Five days were dedicated for adaptation to high-fat diets. The groups HF+AF, HF+MCT, HF+FO and HF+MCT/FO (n = 10) received HF+ diet with 50% thermolyzed fat during 30 days. After this period, the groups HF+MCT, HF+FO and HF+MCT/FO received HF+ diets with MCT oil (MCTO), FO and MCTO + OP, respectively, during 20 days. Analysis of total liver fat, liver and serum lipid fractions, serum glucose, vitamin E and retinol, serum and liver reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) were performed. Results: The groups HF+ showed higher total fat and triglycerides, except HF+FO. Only HF+MCT group didn´t have higher liver total colesterol (TC). This same group had higher serum TC and HDLcol and lower triglycerides/HDLcol ratio. The groups fed with MCTO and/or FO had higher serum aminotransferase. Liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) was higher in HF+ groups, except HF+MCT. Serum LPO was higher in HF+AF. The hepatic GSH was higher in the groups HF+AF, HF+MCT and HF+MCT/FO, serum vitamin E was lower in groups HF+AF, HF+FO and HF+MCT/FO, and serum retinol was higher in groups HF+AF and HF+MCT. Conclusions: Lipids, oxidative stress and antioxidant serum and liver alterations didnt correspond. The association of MCTO with FO in HF+ diet resulted in a negative effect when it concerns liver fat, triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, higher liver lipid peroxidation and lower serum vitamin E.

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Faitarone, Ana Beatriz Garcia 1980. "Fornecimento de fontes lipídicas na dieta de poedeiras e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos, perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol na gema /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104985.

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Orientador: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia
Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque Ottomack Junqueira
Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Resumo: O presente experimento teve duração de 112 dias e teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleos vegetais. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado com 10 tratamentos - (T1 - Controle; T2 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça; T3 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de canola; T4 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de soja; T5 - inclusão de 5% de óleo de linhaça; T6 - inclusão de 5% de óleo de canola; T7- inclusão de 5% de óleo de soja; T8 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça + 2,5% de óleo de soja; T9 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de canola + 2,5% de óleo de soja e T10 - inclusão de 2,5% de óleo de linhaça + 2,5% de óleo de canola) - e seis repetições de oito aves por parcela experimental, perfazendo um total de 480 aves. Foram avaliadas o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma de ovos produzidos, a gravidade específica dos ovos, a resistência da casca à quebra, a cor de gema, as percentagens de gema, albúmen e casca, a espessura de casca e o índice gema. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para peso e massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos produzidos, gravidade específica dos ovos, resistência da casca à quebra, espessura de casca, percentagens de gema, albúmen e casca. Concluiuse que a suplementação de óleos vegetais, na ração de poedeiras comercias leves não promoveu melhoras no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos
Abstract: The present experiment lasted 112 days and aimed to weigh up the performance and eggs quality of light laying hens fed with diets supplemented with vegetal oil. The light laying hens were distributed on an completely randomized design with 10 treatments (T1 - control, T2- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil in the diet, T3- inclusion of 2.5% of canola oil in the diet; T4-inclusion of 2.5% of soybean oil in the diet; T5- inclusion of 5% of linseed oil in the diet; T6- inclusion of 5% of canola oil in the diet; T7-inclusion of 5% oil soy in the diet; T8- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil +2.5% soybean oil in the diet; T9- inclusion of 2.5% canola oil + 2.5% soybean oil in the diet and T10- inclusion of 2.5% of linseed oil + 2.5% of canola oil in the diet) and six repetition of eight birds by experimental sector, adding up to 480 birds. The ration consumption, the eggs production, the weight and mass, the alimentary conversion per dozen and per kilogram of produced eggs, specific gravity of the eggs, the strength egg shell to break, the yolk color, proportion of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness and yolk index were weighed up. Significant differences among the treatments for weight and eggs mass, food conversion by produced dozen eggs, specific eggs gravity, resistance to shell break, shell thickness, percentages of yolk, albumen and shell were not observed. It was concluded that the vegetal oils supplementation on the given diets to light laying commercial hens doesn't affect the performance and the eggs quality
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Nasciutti, Priscilla Regina. "Ácidos graxos ômega 3 na dieta de cães com doença valvar mitral." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9099.

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Mitral valve disease (MVD) is characterized by thickening in the valvular leaflets and may lead to heart failure. Pharmacological treatment of the disease with vasodilators, positive inotropes and diuretics is used in conjunction with dietary management. Omega 3 (ω-3) supplementation has been associated with modulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, improvement of Doppler echocardiography, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and antidysiphyde effects. In the absence of prospective clinical studies, the objective was to evaluate the influence of ω-3 supplementation in dogs with MVD. For this purpose, 41 dogs were followed up every three months for 12 months by means of clinical evaluation, BP measurement, electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, chest radiography, laboratory tests, dosages of inflammatory mediators and cardiac biomarker. The dogs were classified in stages B1, B2 and C, according to the ACVIM consensus. Dogs were randomly divided into the ω-3 group, which received food for dogs with heart diseases supplemented with ω-3 and control group (even food without supplementation). In stage B1 only dogs from the ω-3 group were evaluated. At the end of 12 months, no changes were observed in the parameters evaluated. In dogs stage B2 and C, there was an increase in the serum levels of inflammatory mediators, in a larger amplitude in the control group. The ω-3 preserved body condition score, muscle condition score and reduced by 2.96 times the chance of developing arrhythmias. The DIVEdN and VHS measurements were higher in the control group and correlated with NTproBNP cardiac biomarker concentrations. It is concluded that the supplementation with ω-3 in patients in classes B2 and C, maintains the body condition, helps reduce volume overload, has an antiarrhythmic effect and keeps dogs with MVD in the firsts stages of the disease.
A doença valvar mitral (DVM) é caracterizada pelo espessamento nos folhetos valvares e pode levar ao desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca. O tratamento farmacológico da doença com vasodilatadores, inotrópicos positivos e diuréticos é utilizado em conjunto com o manejo dietético. A suplementação com ômega 3 (ω-3) tem sido associada à modulação da pressão arterial (PA) e da frequência cardíaca, melhora de índices ecodopplercardiográficos, efeitos antiarrítmico, antinflamatório e antidislipidêmico. Diante da ausência de estudos clínicos prospectivos, o objetivo foi avaliar a influência da suplementação com ω-3 em cães portadores de DVM. Para tanto, 41 cães foram acompanhados trimestralmente durante 12 meses por meio de avaliação clínica, mensuração de PA, eletrocardiografia, ecodopplercardiografia, radiografia torácica, exames laboratoriais, dosagens de mediadores inflamatórios e de biomarcador cardíaco. Os cães foram classificados nos estágios B1, B2 e C, segundo o consenso do ACVIM. De maneira aleatória os cães foram dividis no grupo ω-3, que recebeu alimento para cães cardiopatas com suplementação com ω-3 e grupo controle (mesmo alimento sem a suplementação). No estágio B1 foram avaliados apenas os cães do grupo ω- 3. Ao final de 12 meses, não foram observadas alterações nos parâmetros avaliados. Nos cães estágio B2 e C ocorreu aumento nos níveis séricos de mediadores inflamatórios, em maior amplitude no grupo controle. O ω-3 preservou o ECC, ECM e reduziu em 2,96 vezes a chance de desenvolvimento de arritmias. As medidas DIVEdN e VHS foram superiores no grupo controle e se correlacionaram às concentrações do biomarcador cardíaco NT-proBNP. Concluise que a suplementação com ω-3 em pacientes nas classes B2 e C, atua mantendo a condição corporal, auxilia na redução da sobrecarga volumétrica, apresenta efeito antiarrítmico e mantem os cães portadores de DVM em estágios mais brandos da doença.

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Nunes, Cleujosí da Silva [UNESP]. "Desempenho de produção e enriquecimento em ácidos graxos de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) com diferentes fontes lipídicas nas dietas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96567.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fontes lipídicas de origem animal e vegetal foram usadas em dietas de juvenis de pacu para avaliar o desempenho de produção, composição corporal, perfil de ácidos graxos corporais e digestibilidade. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Nutrição de Organismos Aquáticos do Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP - CAUNESP, em Jaboticabal - SP. Cinco dietas isoprotéicas (26 % proteína bruta) constituíram os tratamentos (SS - sem adição de óleo; SJ - óleo de soja degomado; SA - óleo de salmão; GI- óleo de girassol; LI- óleo de linhaça) estudados. Foi realizado um ensaio de crescimento, no qual foram coletadas amostras teciduais para composição corporal e perfil de ácidos graxos, assim como um ensaio de digestibilidade. Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05) entre os parâmetros de crescimento, exceto para consumo de ração diário (P < 0,01), cujo maior valor foi encontrado para a dieta SA. Maior digestibilidade da fração protéica foi observada com a dieta SJ, enquanto que a fração lipídica apresentou-se mais digestível na dieta LI. Para os parâmetros de composição corporal (umidade, proteína bruta e lipídios) e eficiência de retenção de nutrientes, não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05). No entanto, encontrou-se diferença (P < 0,05) no perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) de amostras de filé e carcaça, em que as dietas SA e LI apresentaram melhores resultados quanto à presença de AG essenciais.
Animal and vegetable lipid sources were used in diets of juvenile pacu to evaluate growth, body composition, fatty acids profile, and digestibility. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition of Aquatic Organisms of the Aquaculture Center - CAUNESP/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The treatments consisted of five isonitrogenous (26 % crude protein) diets containing different sources of lipids: NS - non supplemented diet; CS - crude soybean oil; SA - salmon oil; SF - sunflower oil; and LI - linseed oil. In the digestibility and growth trials, tissue samples were collected for body composition and fatty acids profile. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the growth parameters, except for food consumption (P < 0.01), which was higher for SA diet. Protein digestibility was higher for CS while lipids were better digestible with LI diet. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for body composition (moisture, crude protein and lipids) or nutrients retention. However, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in fatty acids (FA) profile of fillet and carcass samples, in which satisfactory results indicated by the presence of essential FA were achieved by supplementing the diets with salmon and linseed oils.

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Gama, Marco Antônio Sundfeld da. "Desempenho, composição do leite e mecanismos envolvidos na depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) de vacas recebendo ácido linoléicos conjugados (CLA) e óleo de peixe na dieta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17112004-164012/.

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A manipulação da dieta constitui uma prática efetiva e rápida de alteração da composição do leite, especialmente do seu teor de gordura. Entretanto, os mecanismos envolvidos não são ainda completamente conhecidos, embora muito se tenha avançado na última década. Sabe-se hoje que certo tipo de ácido graxo (CLA trans-10 cis-12) formado no rúmen sob condições específicas de alimentação é capaz de inibir a síntese de gordura do leite. Entretanto, depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) tem sido observada em casos (e.g. dietas contendo óleo de peixe) onde não há formação deste inibidor. Embora o efeito do CLA sobre a secreção de gordura do leite já esteja bem caracterizado, estudo prévio conduzido pelo nosso grupo mostrou ainda um aumento do teor de proteína do leite em resposta a este tratamento. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos principais, respectivamente: 1) determinar se um maior suprimento de proteína através da dieta afeta a secreção de proteína do leite de vacas recebendo CLA e 2) Estudar os mecanismos envolvidos na DGL de vacas recebendo dietas contendo óleo de peixe (OP) e níveis distintos de fibra. No primeiro experimento, 48 vacas em lactação receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta controle (DC) + Lac100, 2) DC + CLA, 3) Dieta com alta proteína (DAP) + Lac100 e 4) DAP + CLA. O Lac100 (sais de cálcio de óleo de soja) foi utilizado como placebo. O CLA foi protegido por encapsulação e o produto utilizado continha ~16% de CLA. No segundo experimento, 12 vacas em lactação foram avaliadas em 3 períodos: a) Basal: os animais receberam uma dieta com alto teor de fibra sem OP (dieta basal) por 12 dias; b) Suplementação: 4 vacas/grupo receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta com alta fibra + OP (AF+OP), 2) Dieta com baixa fibra sem OP (BF) e 3) Dieta com baixa fibra + OP (BF+OP); c) Pós-suplementação: todos os animais passaram a receber novamente a dieta basal por 12 dias. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento mostraram que o CLA não foi eficientemente protegido, de forma que a redução da secreção de gordura do leite foi de pequena magnitude em relação a outros trabalhos. Da mesma forma, a proteção dos sais de cálcio de óleo de soja foi pequena, resultando em maior concentração de CLA cis-9 trans-11 (P<0,05) e menor concentração de ácido linoléico (P<0,05) no leite dos animais. Apesar da concentração do CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite ter aumentado igualmente em resposta ao CLA e ao Lac100, o teor de gordura do leite foi menor (P<0,05) no primeiro tratamento, sugerindo a presença de outros inibidores (ou precursores) no produto utilizado. A concentração de CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite explicou ~50% da variação da DGL, sugerindo que outros fatores afetaram a síntese de gordura do leite. Os resultados do segundo experimento demostraram, de forma inédita, que o CLA trans-9 cis-11 e o C18:1 cis-11 estão estreitamente relacionados à DGL dos animais que receberam OP. A DGL foi causada por uma ampla redução (P<0,01) da secreção tanto dos ácidos graxos sintetizados de novo quanto dos pré-formados, sugerindo que o mecanismo da DGL pode envolver a inibição de diferentes enzimas lipogênicas. O menor (P<0,01) índice de atividade da enzima ∆-9 dessaturase em animais que receberam OP é consistente com a idéia acima. Diferentemente do observado em resposta ao OP, a secreção de gordura do leite não foi afetada pelo tratamento BF (P>0,1). Os teores de proteína e lactose aumentaram na dieta BF e nas dietas contendo OP, respectivamente.
Diet manipulation is an effective and rapid way to change milk composition, mainly for fat content. However, mechanisms are not fully undestood in despite of progress in the area over the last decade. Nowadays, it is known that a molecule of fatty acid (CLA trans-10 cis-12) which is formed in the rumen under specific feeding situations is capable of inhibiting milk fat synthesis. However, milk fat depression (MFD) has been observed even at conditions where there is no formation of trans-10 cis12 CLA (e.g. fish oil-supplemented diets). Although CLA effects on milk fat synthesis are well-established, previous study from our group also showed an increase on milk protein content in cows fed CLA. Two trials were conducted with two main objectives: 1) to determine if an additional supply of diet protein affects milk fat synthesis in cows fed CLA and 2) to study the mechanisms involved in MFD of cows fed diets with fish oil (FO) and different fiber levels. In the first trial, 48 lactating cows received the treatments as follow: 1) Control Diet (CD) + Lac100, 2) CD + CLA, 3) High Protein Diet (HPD) + Lac100 and 4) HPD + CLA. The Lac100 (calcium salts of soybean oil) was used as a placebo. CLA was protected by encapsulation (prills) and the product contained 16% CLA. In the second trial, 12 lactating dairy cows were evaluated in three periods: a) Basal: for 12 days, all cows received a baseline diet (High fiber without FO); b) Suplementation: 4 cows/group received the treatments for 21 days: 1) High fiber diet + FO (HF+FO); 2) Low fiber diet without FO (LF) and 3) Low fiber diet + FO (LF+FO); c) Post-supplementation: cows returned to baseline diet on 12 days. Results from the first trial showed that CLA protection method was innefficient. Thus, milk fat reduction was smaller than in other studies. Protection of calcium salts of soybean oil was also small which resulted in higher cis-9 trans-11 CLA and lower linoleic acid concentrations (P<0.05) in milk from cows fed Lac100. In despite of similar milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA increase in response to CLA and Lac100, milk fat content was lower (P<0.05) in cows fed CLA. It suggests the presence of other fat inhibitors (or precursors) in the product containing CLA isomers. Moreover, concentration of milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA explained ~50% of MFD suggesting others factors influencing milk fat synthesis. Results of the second trial were inedit in showing the close association of milk trans-9 cis-11 CLA and C18:1cis-11 concentrations and FO-induced MFD. MFD resulted from a lower (P<0,01) secretion of both de novo and preformed milk fatty acids. It suggests that mechanisms of FO-induced MFD must involve the inhibition of different lipogenic enzymes. The lower (P<0.01) dessaturase activity index in cows fed FO is consistent with this hypothesis. In contrast to FO, milk fat secretion was unchanged (P>0.1) by LF diet which is consistent with low CLA trans-10 cis-12 and C18:1trans-10 concentrations in milk from cows fed this diet. Contents of milk protein and milk lactose increased (P<0.05) in cows fed LF and FO diets, respectivelly.

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Wutticharoenwong, Kosin. "BIO-BASED REACTIVE DILUENTS AND THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN COATINGS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1194282497.

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Costa, Carlos Alberto Soares da. "Impacto da dieta hiperlipídica contendo óleo de canola ou de soja no desenvolvimento da adiposidade abdominal e estrutura óssea." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4615.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A baixa relação de ômega-6/ômega-3 esta relacionada com propriedades benéficas para a saúde óssea. No entanto, a dieta rica nestes compostos pode levar a obesidade. Adipócitos e osteoblastos derivam de células progenitoras comuns, e o consumo de óleo de canola pode ter ação adipogênica e osteogênica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a adiposidade abdominal, insulina e estrutura óssea em ratos tratados com dieta contendo baixa relação ômega-6/ômega-3, proveniente do óleo de canola. Após desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupos alimentados com dieta normocalórica: Controle (S) e experimental (C), contendo 7ml/100g de óleo de soja ou de canola e grupos tratados com dieta rica em lipídios: Controle (7S) ou hiperlipídico contendo 19ml/100g de óleo de soja (19S) ou de canola (19C), até completarem 60 dias de idade. Os dados foram significativos com P<0,05. No primeiro modelo, o grupo C apresentou redução de: Massa e área do adipócito intra-abdominal; Colesterol; Insulina; Densidade mineral (DMO) e massa óssea total e na coluna vertebral; Massa do fêmur; Espessura da diáfise; DMO do fêmur e das vértebras lombares e radiodensidade da cabeça do fêmur. No segundo modelo, os grupos 19S e 19C apresentaram maior ingestão calórica, densidade corporal, massa de gordura intra-abdominal, e maior massa e comprimento do fêmur e da coluna lombar. O grupo 19S apresentou maior área e menor número de adipócitos da região retroperitoneal. Glicose e a insulina foram aumentadas no grupo 19C vs. 7S. A tomografia do fêmur revelou maior radiodensidade na região proximal e da coluna lombar, no grupo 19C. Sugerimos que a quantidade e o tipo de lipídio consumido, após o desmame, induzem não somente o desenvolvimento corporal e os depósitos de gordura, além de afetarem a resistência insulínica e a saúde óssea
The lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fat diets can induce obesity. Adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Our objective was to evaluate the intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone growth in rats fed diet containing lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3, provided in canola oil. After weaning, rats were divided into groups fed with normocaloric diet: control (S) and experimental (C), containing 7ml/100g soybean or canola oil, respectively and groups fed with fat diet: control (7S) or fat diets containing 19ml/100g soybean oil (19S) or canola oil (19C), until they 60 days old. Differences were considered significant with P<0,05. In normocaloric diet model, C group showed a significant reduction in: Intra-abdominal fat mass; Area of adipocyte; Cholesterol; Insulin; Total body and spine bone mineral content and bone area; Femur mass; Width of the diaphysis; Femur and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and radiodensity of femoral head. To high-fat diet model, 19S and 19C groups showed higher energy intake, body density growth, intra-abdominal fat mass and higher femur mass and, lumbar vertebrae mass and length. 19S showed higher area and lower number of retroperitoneal adipocytes. Glucose and insulin were significantly increased in 19C compared to 7S group. Computed tomography of femur revealed higher radiodensity in proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C. We suggest that the amount and the source of fat used in the diet, after weaning, induce not only the body and fat depots growth, besides affecting the insulin resistance and the bone health

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46

Schmidt, Mikki. "Effects of supplementing mare diets with marine-derived n-3 fatty acids on serum, follicular fluid and follicular dynamics during the estrous cycle." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3898.

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Benyazza, Samir. "The Use and Knowledge of Olive Oil and Other Lipids in a Collegiate Student Population." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/17.

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Purpose: Evidence suggests that olive oil consumption is associated with a decreased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess the intake and knowledge of olive oil and other lipids in a collegiate population. Methods: Using an IRB-approved protocol, volunteered college students (N=56) from the college of Health and Human Sciences at Georgia State University completed a questionnaire on lipid and knowledge and eating behavior. Results were assessed to determine if students were able to accurately answer questions on the contents of different lipids, and also to determine the consumption behaviors of different lipids. Statistical comparisons were made between undergraduate and graduate students, and between students in different academic majors (nutrition, nursing, respiratory therapy, social work, criminal justice, and other). Results: It was hypothesized that eating behaviors would overemphasize unhealthy lipids. Lipids assessed included: olive oil, butter, canola oil, peanut oil, corn oil, margarine, sunflower oil, and soybean oil. There were no statistically significant differences between the ratios of consumed lipids labeled as ‘good’, and lipids labeled as ‘bad’. There were also no statistically significant differences in the presence of ‘good’ to ‘bad’ lipids in the subjects’ kitchens. Therefore, the results of this study were not able to disprove the null hypothesis. Nevertheless, using a Likert scale response scheme, there was a difference (p=0.041) between academic majors in the consumption of canola oil (an oil high in monounsaturated fatty acid), with Nursing majors reporting the highest consumption (X=3.73; SD=1.61) and Respiratory Therapy majors reporting the lowest consumption (X=1.89; SD=1.53). There was no statistically significant difference between graduate and undergraduate students in the presence of lipids in the kitchen. It was hypothesized that subject knowledge of lipid constituents would be poor. The majority of subjects either failed to respond correctly to the constituents of different lipids or reported that they did not know. Based on this result, the study is able to reject the lipid knowledge null hypothesis. There were clear differences in subgroup knowledge of commonly consumed lipids. Most notably, 100% of nutrition students responded correctly to the constituents of olive oil. Conclusions: This study focused on a group of college students in the College of Health and Human Sciences. One might assume that such a population would be sensitive and knowledgeable about key dietary factors that may influence disease risk. Nevertheless, these findings indicate that, except for isolated exceptions, the eating behaviors and lipid knowledge of these students in not at a level that could be considered health promoting. This suggests that, even with students in the health sciences, personal health classes are likely to be beneficial in reducing disease prevalence.

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Lewis, Heidi A. "Minimum dietary fish oil requirement to maintain highly unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in the fillets of sunshine bass fed diets containing little or no fish meal /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240701551&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Santana, Márcia Cristina Araújo. "Avaliação de dietas lipídicas fornecidas em duas frequências de suplementação na terminação de novilhas em pastejo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104904.

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Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de suplementos lipídicos disponíveis em diferentes formas (soja em grão moído, óleo de soja, e sais de cálcio - SC) no consumo de matéria seca total; comportamento ingestivo; desempenho corporal; parâmetros de fermentação ruminal; características de carcaça; desenvolvimento e composição corporal; e na qualidade da carne de novilhas mantidas em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu suplementadas em duas frequências (diária ou segunda, quarta e sexta - SQS). O experimento foi realizado nos meses de julho a novembro de 2007. Foram utilizadas novilhas mestiças (1/4 Nelore x 1/4 Santa Gertrudis x 1/2 Braunvieh), alimentadas com três suplementos lipídicos na quantidade de 0,75% do peso corporal. Os dados foram analisados em delineamento inteiramente casualisados com os tratamentos em arranjo fatorial (3x2 - três suplementos lipídicos e duas frequências alimentares). O consumo de matéria seca total foi maior nos meses de agosto e outubro em relação ao mês novembro. Houve efeito das formas de fornecimento da fonte lipídica sobre o consumo em kg de matéria seca total, forragem e nutrientes. Durante o período seco e início das águas os animais obtiveram ganhos médios totais de 0,577g dia-1, que não foram influenciados pelas suplementos lipídicos e frequências de suplementação utilizadas. A redução na frequência de suplementação alterou o tempo de pastejo em função dos suplementos lipídicos. Não houve influência dos suplementos lipídicos e das frequências de suplementação sobre o balanço de compostos nitrogenados, na síntese e eficiência de proteína microbiana. Houve influência das formas de fornecimento dos suplementos lipídicos sobre os valores de pH ruminal. A menor frequência de suplementação proporcionou diferenças nas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal ruminal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate total dry matter intake, feeding behavior, growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters; carcass characteristics, development and body composition, and meat quality responses of steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu supplemented at two frequencies (daily or Monday, Wednesday and Friday - MWF), under different forms of lipid supplements (soybean grain, soybean oil, and calcium salts - CS). This research was conducted throughout a four month period during the dry season (July to November 2007). Crossbred heifers were used (1/4 Nellore x 1/4 Santa Gertrudis x 1/2 Braunvieh) fed with three lipid supplements in the amount of 0.75% of body weight. The experiment was completely random, using a 3x2 factorial arrangement (3 supplements and 2 supplementation frequencies). The total dry matter intake was higher in August and October compared to November. There was effect of the lipids forms supplied on total dry matter, forage and nutrients intake. During the dry season and beginning of the wet season the animals showed average daily gain of 0.577 g day-1, which were not affected by dietary lipid supplementation and frequencies used. The kind of lipid diet under reduction on the frequency of supplementation alter grazing time. There was no influence of diet lipid and frequencies supplementation on nitrogenous compounds, in the synthesis and efficiency of microbial protein. There was influence of the lipids forms diets on values of rumen pH. Supplementation provided under frequency differences in the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen. There was influence of the lipids forms diets on weight hot carcass, and weight and dress percentage. Supplementation with dietary lipids under different forms and frequencies does not provide differences in body composition... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientadora: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Coorientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis
Banca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Banca: Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
Banca: Marco Antonio Alvares Balsalobre
Banca: Juliano José de Resende Fernandes
Doutor

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Jaritkhuan, Somtawin. "Thraustochytrids as a food source in aquaculture." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343334.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Owl diets'

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