Dissertations / Theses: 'Ovis aries'

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Esteves, Eduardo Jorge Mónica. "Biomarkers in Ovis aries." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14034.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular
Ferramentas que armazenem e procedam à catalogação das proteínas identificadas em proteomas resultantes de amostras de tecidos diversos recolhidos a partir de indivíduos representativos de situações fisiológicas e patológicas, constituem instrumentos poderosos para a integração da informação já publicada. Muita informação sobre os mecanismos moleculares subjacentes a patologias pode hoje ser gerada a partir de estratégias bioinformáticas. No âmbito de projetos anteriormente desenvolvidos foi construída uma base de dados, o OralOme. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a criação de uma base de dados, o OvinOme, aplicando a mesma metodologia desenvolvida para saúde humana, agora para o armazenamento e catalogação de proteínas identificadas a partir dos proteomas parciais de Ovis aries. A criação desta ferramenta bioinformática contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de métodos de diagnóstico em vida, capazes de detetar as principais patologias que grassam nos rebanhos de ovelhas Serra da Estrela. O desenvolvimento da base de dados passa pelo compilar manual das proteínas identificadas pelos vários estudos publicados relativamente a Ovis aries, anotando toda a informação relativa à caracterização do individuo dador da amostra, tipo de amostra biológica, técnicas utilizadas para a identificação das proteínas e toda a informação conhecida relativa a cada proteína catalogada. O desenvolvimento de um método de diagnóstico em vida passa pela concepção de protocolos de colheita, armazenamento e caracterização da qualidade da amostra. Assim no âmbito de presente trabalho foi também objectivo o desenvolvimento de toda a estratégia para recolha de amostras de saliva em ovinos, transporte, armazenamento e avaliação da qualidade da amostra. A criação de um banco de saliva de rebanhos de ovelhas Serra da Estrela será um objectivo a cumprir em termos de futuro, visando o estabelecimento do diagnóstico precoce utilizando a saliva como fluído para avaliação de proteínas que identifiquem cada patologia, determinadas por análise in silico recorrendo á ferramenta bioinformática OvinOme desenvolvida no âmbito do presente trabalho.
Tools that store and proceed to the cataloging of proteins identified in proteomes derived from samples of various tissues collected from individuals representative of physiological and pathological situations, are powerful tools for the integration of information already published. Much information about the molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies can now be generated from bioinformatic strategies. Under previously developed design was built a database, the OralOme. This work aims to create a database, the OvisOme, applying the same methodology developed for human health now for storage and cataloging of proteins identified from the partial proteomes of Ovis aries. The creation of this bioinformatics tool will contribute to the development of diagnostic methods in life, able to detect major diseases that are rife in flocks of sheep Serra da Estrela. The development database is compiled by the proteins identified by several studies published for manual Ovis aries, noting all the information on the individual characteristics of the donor of the sample, type of biological sample, techniques for identifying proteins and whole known information cataloged for each protein. The development of a method of diagnosis in living passes through the design of the harvesting, storage and characterization of the quality of the sample protocols. So within this study was also aimed at developing the whole strategy for collecting samples of saliva in sheep, transport, storage and evaluation of sample quality. The creation of a database of flocks of sheep saliva Serra da Estrela is a key objective for the future, for the establishment of early diagnosis using saliva as a fluid for evaluation of proteins that identify each pathology, determined by in silico analysis using OvisOme bioinformatics tool developed under this work.

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Milano, G. D. "Liver nitrogen transactions in sheep (Ovis aries)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593115.

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The objective of the present study was to quantify, in vivo, the effects of portal NH₃ supply, feeding frequency and chronic metabolic acidosis on urea synthesis and amino acid metabolism in the ovine liver. The work involved a combination of arteriovenous measurements across the splanchnic tissues and the use of ¹³C and ¹⁵N labelled compounds as tracers for amino acid and NH₃ metabolism. In a first series of studies under frequent feeding conditions, portal NH₃ supply was increased from 400 (basal) to either 600 or 900 μmol min^-1 by long-term (4 d) or 2000 μmol min^-1 by short-term (31 min) continuous infusion of NH₄HCO₃ into the mesenteric vein. All additional NH₃ removed was converted by urea by the liver but there were no significant alterations in hepatic amino acid utilisation for ureagenesis. This indicates that hepatic ammonia detoxification can be accomplished without compromising amino acid availability to non-splanchnic tissues. Pre and post-feeding hepatic N movements were assessed by reducing feeding frequency to once daily. Rates of hepatic NH₃ removal and urea-N release were stimulated equally after feeding, with no apparent change in amino acid N contribution to ureagenesis. Individual post-feeding rates of free amino acid absorption by the gastrointestinal tract and extraction by the liver were not different from those observed during the pre-feeding period or under frequent feeding conditions. Splanchnic amino acid metabolism in ruminants appears to be independent of feeding frequency and associated absorptive events (e.g. post-prandial supply of energy substrates).

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Cyrillo, Fernanda Cavallini. "Padronização do alergoteste da tuberculina em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-15062007-165924/.

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A inexistência de padrões nacionais para a realização e interpretação da prova de tuberculina em ovinos motivou o presente trabalho, pois apesar da tuberculose não estar incluída em Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação em pequenos ruminantes, estabelece a legislação vigente que é obrigatório o sacrifício de animais com essa zoonose, sendo o diagnóstico firmado nesses animais principalmente através do alergoteste tuberculínico. Assim, esta pesquisa visou além de avaliar reações clínicas provocadas pela resposta imuno-alérgica intradérmica à tuberculina, estabelecer valores de referência para a interpretação da reação em ovinos experimentalmente inoculados com antígenos de cepas padrões de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium avium. Utilizou-se 30 ovinos, clinicamente sadios, negativos à prova de tuberculina cervical comparativa (TCC), segundo critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) através do Plano Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT) em bovinos e bubalinos, distribuídos por três grupos de 10 animais cada, a saber: A - sensibilizados com M. avium; B - sensibilizados com M. bovis e C (Controle) - que receberam injeção de solução fisiológica. Os ovinos foram monitorados através de exames físicos e complementares semanais. Após 45 dias da sensibilização, realizou-se a prova de TCC com reação medida pela variação da espessura da pele com cutímetro de mola, nos seguintes momentos: antes da aplicação das tuberculinas (PPDs); 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96h após a aplicação das mesmas. Em relação à reação ao PPD bovino, no teste cervical simples, lido às 72 horas (± 6 horas) pós-tuberculinização (p. t.), considerou-se uma reação como positiva, quando o aumento da espessura da pele foi igual ou maior que 2,49 mm; como inconclusiva, com as medidas de aumento entre 1,00 e 2,48 mm, e como reação negativa, aumentos da espessura da pele inferiores a 1,00 mm, sendo estes valores propostos como padrão para o teste intradérmico simples na região cervical. A análise dos resultados da leitura do teste cervical comparativo, realizada às 72 horas (± 6 horas) p. t., permitiu concluir-se que o animal poderá ser considerado com resposta: positiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino superar aquela ao aviário em pelo menos 2,00 mm; inconclusiva, quando a reação ao PPD bovino for maior que aquela ao aviário, com diferença entre 1,00 e 1,99 mm, e negativa quando a reação bovina for menor que a aviária ou > em até 0,99 mm. Na avaliação histológica das respostas tuberculínicas homólogas, 96 horas após a injeção do PPD, constatou-se a presença de moderado a intenso infiltrado inflamatória, constituído, preferencialmente, por células mononucleares.
The inexistence of national patterns for the realization and interpretation of tuberculin test in sheep motivated this research. Although tuberculosis is not included in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication in small ruminants, the current legislation has made it mandatory the sacrifice of animals with this zoonosis, where diagnosis is confirmed principally by the usage of the tuberculin skin reaction. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical manifestations induced by the intradermic immune-allergic response to tuberculin, and established the reference values for the interpretation of this reaction in sheep experimentally inoculated with antigens of recognized strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Thirty healthy sheep negative to the Comparative Cervical Tuberculin Test (CCT) based on criteria established by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in cattle and buffalos were used during this experiment. Animals were separated in three groups: A) sensitized with M. avium, n=10; B) sensitized with M. bovis, n=10; and C) control, n=10, which were injected with saline solution. Sheep were monitored by weekly clinical and complementary exams. After 45 days of inoculation the CCT was evaluated by the variation of dermal thickness determined by a pakimeter realized in the following moments: before the administration of tuberculin (PPD); and 12, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of inoculation. Relative to the bovine PPD, the simple cervical test, observed at 72 hours (± 6 hours) post-tuberculinization (p.t.) was considered as: positive, when skin fold thickness was equal or greater than 2.49 mm; inconclusive, skin fold thickness between 1 and 2,48 mm; and negative, when thickness was lower than 1 mm; these values being proposed as reference values for the simple intradermic cervical test. Analyses of the results of the comparative cervical tests realized 72 hr (± 6 hr) p.t. concluded that the animal was considered as: positive, when the bovine PPD reaction was greater than that of the avian by at least 2 mm; and negative, when the bovine reaction was less than the avian or > by 0.99 mm. Histological evaluation of the homologous tuberculin response 96 hr after PPD injection, revealed a moderate to intense inflammatory cellular influx, constituted preferentially, of mononuclear cells.

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Riegler, Stephanie. "Ultrastrukturelle und histochemische Untersuchungen am Blut des Schafes (Ovis aries)." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140704.

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GUIMARÃES, Adrianne Araújo. "Avaliação de diferentes diluentes na criopreservação de sêmen ovino (Ovis aries)." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4669.

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Durante a criopreservação são inúmeras as alterações sofridas pelas células espermáticas, o que conduz à queda na motilidade e perda da sua viabilidade pós-descongelação. Por este motivo, surge a necessidade de aperfeiçoar os processos de tecnologia do sêmen, principalmente quanto ao uso de diluentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade de espermatozóides ovinos, submetidos ao processo de diluição e criopreservação, utilizando-se 3 diluentes (TES, TRIS e PBS) e 3 tempos de equilíbrio (4h, 8h e 12h), sendo o estudo dividido em 9 grupos: TES-4h, TES-8h, TES-12h, TRIS-4h, TRIS-8h, TRIS-12h, PBS-4h, PBS-8h e PBS-12h. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi avaliado macro e microscopicamente, e prédiluído nas soluções TES, TRIS e PBS, no entanto sem a adição dos crioprotetores (Solução A), onde permaneceram por 1h. Posteriormente, o sêmen foi diluído com as soluções TES, TRIS e PBS, já contendo os crioprotetores, novamente avaliado, para então ser envasado, sendo submetido aos diferentes tempos de equilíbrio, e em seguida, congelado. Após a descongelação, foi avaliado a motilidade e o vigor, e após o TTR, a motilidade, o vigor e o desprendimento do acrossoma. Na criopreservação com TRIS, a motilidade e o vigor foram estatisticamente similares (p>0,05) no sêmen congelado com equilíbrio de 4h (17,2% e 1,6), 8h (22,4% e 2,1) e 12h (14,8% e 1,6) (p>0,05). Após o TTR não foi observado diferença estatística (p>0,05) para a motilidade e o vigor em 4h (10,4% e 1,1) e em 12h (10,0% e 1,2) de equilíbrio, porém houve um aumento em 8h (15,6% e 1,6) (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) no índice de desprendimento do acrossoma entre 4h (35,1) e 12h (37,6) de equilíbrio, havendo uma redução nestes índices em 8h (30,4) (p<0,05). Na criopreservação com TES, a motilidade do sêmen congelado com equilíbrio de 4h (24,8%) e 12h (27,6%) foram estatisticamente similares (p>0,05), sendo que o tempo de 8h (40,4%) diferiu estatisticamente dos demais. O vigor foi estatisticamente similar (p>0,05) para o sêmen descongelado com equilíbrio de 4h (2,0), 8h (2,6) e 12h (2,3), não diferindo estatisticamente (p>0,05). Após o TTR não foi observado diferença estatística (p>0,05) para a motilidade em 4h (18,8%) e em 12h (17,4%) de equilíbrio, porém houve um aumento em 8h (29,6%) (p<0,05). Em relação ao vigor e ao desprendimento do acrossoma não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) em 4h (2,0 e 35,8), 8h (2,1 e 33,4) e 12h (1,8 e 42,2) de equilíbrio. Na criopreservação com o PBS, não foram observados motilidade e vigor após a descongelação. Esses resultados indicam que o diluente à base de TES e o tempo de equilíbrio de 8h mostraram-se mais adequados para a diluição e congelação de sêmen ovino.
During cryopreservation are numerous changes experienced by the sperm cells, which leads to the decrease in motility and loss of viability after thawing. For this reason, there arises the need to refine the process technology of semen, especially regarding the use of diluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of spermatozoa undergoing the process of cryopreservation and dilution, using three extenders (TES, TRIS and PBS) and three years of stability (4h, 8h and 12h), and the study was divided into nine groups: TES-4h-8h TES, TES- 12h, TRIS-4h-8h TRIS, TRIS-12h-4h PBS, PBS and PBS-8h-12h. After collection, semen was evaluated macro and microscopically, and pre-diluted solutions in TES, TRIS and PBS, but without the addition of cryoprotectants (Solution A), where they remained for 1 hour. Subsequently, semen was diluted with solutions TES, TRIS and PBS, already containing the cryoprotectants, again assessed to be so packed, and subjected to different periods of equilibrium, and then frozen. After thawing, motility was assessed and vigor, and after the TTR, motility, vigor and detachment of the acrosome. On cryopreservation with TRIS, motility and vigor were statistically similar (p> 0.05) in semen frozen with a balance of 4h (17.2% and 1.6), 8h (22.4% and 2.1) and 12h (14.8% and 1.6) (p> 0.05). After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) in motility and vigor in 4h (10.4% and 1.1) and 12h (10.0% and 1.2) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (15.6% and 1.6) (p <0.05). There was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in the rate of detachment of the acrosome between 4h (35.1) and 12 (37.6) equilibrium, with a reduction in these indices at 8 am (30.4) (p <0 , 2005). On cryopreservation with ERT, the motility of frozen semen with a balance of 4h (24.8%) and 12h (27.6%) were statistically similar (p> 0.05), although the time of 8h (40.4% ) differed significantly from the others. The force was statistically similar (p> 0.05) for thawed-balanced 4h (2.0), 8h (2.6) and 12h (2.3), not statistically different (p> 0.05) . After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) for sperm motility in 4h (18.8%) and 12h (17.4%) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (29.6%) (p <0.05). In relation to the force and the detachment of the acrosome was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) 4h (2.0 and 35.8), 8h (2.1 and 33.4) and 12h (1.8 and 42 , 2) equilibrium. On cryopreservation with PBS, showed no motility and vigor after thawing. These results indicate that solvent-based TES and the equilibrium time of 8h were more suitable for dilution and freezing of ram semen.

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Matejka, Michèle. "Etude cytogenetique du mouton (ovis aries l. ) : caryotype normal et variants chromosomiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077055.

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MELO, Arthur Nascimento de. "Sexagem fetal em líquido amniótico ovino (Ovis aries L.,1758) por PCR." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5270.

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In order to achieve the identification of sex in fetal sheep, were subjected to the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 45 samples of DNA extracted from amniotic fluid of pregnant uterus, 24 samples of males and 21 females. The amniotic fluid was obtained by amniocentesis guided by ultrasound for greater accuracy in aspiration and also for subsequent application of the technique in vivo, as simulation. Gestational age was laid on the measurement of fetuses with caliper, which showed variation of 3.3 to 46.5 cm. The samples were divided into three groups based in Kadu and Kaikini (1987): Group 1 (zero to 8.6 cm) from conception to the 60th day of gestation, group 2 (8.7 to 26 cm) among 61th and 105th day, and Group 3 (26,1 cm on) 106th day until the birth. The DNA was extracted using the method phenol-chloroform, obtaining a quantity of less than 50 ng per μL, quantified by comparing through - lambda and visualized in 1% agarose gel. For amplification of genetic material, were used "primers" to the SRY gene (116pb), found in the Y chromosome present only in males, and Aml-X (300pb), autosomal, present in both sexes. In all samples was possible to sex the fetuses and the primers used shown to be quite effective. The sex was confirmed by morphological analysis of fetuses, aside from the concept who genital tubercle still had not moved, proving the effectiveness of the PCR molecular tool for this examination.
Com o objetivo de realizar a identificação do sexo fetal em ovinos, foram submetidas à técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), 45 amostras de DNA extraídas do líquido amniótico de úteros prenhes, sendo 24 amostras de machos e 21, fêmeas. O fluido amniótico foi obtido por amniocentese guiada por ultra-sonografia para maior precisão na aspiração, como também para posterior aplicação in vivo da técnica, com efeito de simulação. A idade gestacional foi estipulada a partir da medição dos fetos com paquímetro, a qual apresentou variação de 3,3 a 46,5 cm. As amostras foram divididas em três grupos segundo Kadu e Kaikini (1987): Grupo 1 (zero a 8,6cm) da concepção ao 60o dia de gestação, Grupo 2 (8,7 a 26 cm) entre o 61o e o 105o dia e Grupo 3 (26,1 cm em diante) 106o até o nascimento. O DNA foi extraído através do método fenol-clorofórmio, obtendo-se uma quantidade inferior a 50 ngpor μl ao ser quantificado por comparação através de -lambda e visualizado em gel de agarose 1%. Na amplificação do material genético, foram utilizados os “primers” referentes aos genes SRY (116pb), encontrado no cromossomo Y presente apenas em machos, e Aml-X (300pb), de caráter autossômico, presente em ambos os sexos. Em todas as amostras foi possível realizar a sexagem fetal e os primers utilizados demonstraram ser bastante eficientes. O sexo foi confirmado pela análise morfológica dos fetos, com exceção do concepto cujo tubérculo genital ainda não havia migrado, comprovando a eficácia da ferramenta molecular PCR para este exame.

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Werner, Christoph Daniel. "Detomidin, Ketamin-Anästhesie beim Hausschaf (Ovis aries) und Wildschaf (Ovis ammon musimon) Auswirkungen auf Anästhesiequalität, Hämodynamik, Atemfunktion und Stoffwechsel /." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2005. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2006/2682/index.html.

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Pillot, Marie-Hélène. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des déplacements collectifs chez le mouton Mérinos, Ovis aries." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210022.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive set of results, obtained through an innovative experimental methodology, that have important and extensive implications for the fields of integrative biology and complex systems. The main objective of the thesis is to study the inter-individual interactions involved during the initiation and coordination of movement in gregarious vertebrates, and in particular in the sheep Merinos d’Arles (Ovis aries). Key questions are, when an individual initiates a movement, what information is taken into account by conspecifics, how is this information spread across the group, and what mechanisms underlie the collective decision processes? To answer these questions, we created an experimental paradigm to trigger, in a standardized way, the movement of trained individuals that were then placed in a group of naïve conspecifics. Using two types of stimuli, a sound (public) and a vibration (private), we could evaluate the individual response of followers, and the effect of the behavioural state on this response. An additional set of experiments also provided recordings of spontaneous initiations of movement.

Our results suggest that every individual in a group can initiate a collective movement. Our quantitative analysis then showed that, in Mérinos sheep, the individual decision to follow depends on a double mimetic effect; individuals take into account both the number of already departed individuals and the number of individuals which have not yet departed. A comparison between three experimental situations reveals that the decision rule is unique and that the behavioural state of potential followers only slightly affects the collective dynamics.

Our approach, a combination of experimentation and modelling, provides original results that contribute to the understanding of individual and collective decision-making processes, and of the mechanisms involved during collective movement. The experimental paradigm that was proposed here, and the mathematical tools that were used, open interesting perspectives for new experimental studies and for the generalization of the behavioural rules exposed in this thesis.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Ferrari, Marcos Vinicius. "Caracteristicas reprodutivas de ovinos (Ovis aries) submetidos a tratamentos com dimetil sulfoxido (DMSO)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27643.

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Com o objetivo de se comparar os efeitos da aplicação tópica de Dimetil Sulfóxido, na dose de 1 g/kg peso vivo, e da solução salina sobre as caracterísitcas reprodutivas de ovinos, 9 reprodutores Hampshire Down de 16 meses de idade e peso vivo médio de 50 kg, foram utilizados no estudo. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com 3 animais em cada, e as avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, durante 18 semanas consecutivas, abrangendo duas gametogêneses. O experimento foi dividido em 2 períodos: o período preliminar serviu ao condicionamento dos animais à colheita do sêmen e padronização das características estudadas, e abrangeu as 9 primeiras semanas; o período experimental serviu à comparação entre os efeitos da droga e da solução salina sobre as características reprodutivas. Este período abrangeu as 9 semanas restantes do experimento, após os animais terem recebido aplicações tópicas na bolsa escrotal e jarrete. O grupo controle recebeu solução salina no jarrete e bolsa escrotal, o grupo experimental I recebeu DMSO na bolsa, e grupo experimental II o recebeu no jarrete. A dose total diária foi dividida em duas aplicações com intervalo de 12 horas, durante 7 dias consecutivos. Não houveram diferenças significativas entre os grupos para quaisquer das características avaliadas. A biometria testicular, o comportamento sexual, e as características seminais não sofreram alterações após a aplicação do DMSO e solução salina e a fertilidade dos reprodutores, medida pelos resultados das características estudadas, manteve-se alta durante todo o experimento

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Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti [UNESP]. "Transmissão sexual de Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909) em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103837.

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Ovinos machos isentos de Toxoplasma gondii, foram distribuídos em três grupos sendo, G1: um ovino inoculado, pela via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P, G2: um ovino infectado, pela via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e G3: um ovino não infectado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 ovelhas reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas e em seguida expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados, sendo: cinco ovelhas submetidas à monta natural pelo macho do G1; cinco ovelhas expostas à monta natural pelo macho do G2 e duas ovelhas pelo macho pertencente ao grupo controle. Nos soros das ovelhas obtidos nos dias -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (antes da monta natural) e nos dias 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela RIFI. Bioensaio em camundongos e PCR foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos filhotes. Cinco das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo duas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (G1) e três pelo ovino infectado com taquizoítos (G2). Pelo bioensaio foi possível diagnosticar, no dia da monta natural, a presença do T. gondii em amostras seminais dos ovinos infectados (G1 e G2) e em amostras do “pool” de tecidos das cinco fêmeas e em cinco de seus respectivos filhotes. Foi possível, ainda, pela técnica da PCR isolar o DNA de T. gondii em amostras seminais dos machos reprodutores no dia do coito, e no “pool” de tecidos de uma e duas fêmeas expostas à monta natural por reprodutores infectados com oocistos e taquizoítos, respectivamente. É importante relatar que, por meio desta técnica foi possível diagnosticar...
Male sheep in reproductive age and with no prior Toxoplasma gondii disease, were divided into three groups: G1, a sheep inoculated with 2.0 x 105 of P strain oocysts; G2, a sheep infected with 1.0 x 106 of RH strain tachyzoites and; G3 a control uninfected sheep. After inoculation of males with T. gondii, 12 breeding ewes, not pregnant, serologically negative for reproductive diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males, previously inoculated, being: five ewes submitted to natural mating by male G1, five ewes exposed to natural mating by the male of G2 and two ewes submitted to natural mating by the male control from group. In sera obtained from all ewes on days -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, was investigated the presence of antibodies against T. gondii by IFAT. Bioassay and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males/females tissues and their offspring. Five of the 12 females submitted to natural mating, had antibodies anti-T. gondii, being, two by male inoculated with oocysts (G1) and three for sheep infected with tachyzoites (G2). For the bioassay was possible to diagnose on the day of natural mating, the presence of T. gondii in semen samples from infected sheep (G1 and G2) and in samples of pool of tissues from five females and five of their puppies. It was also possible by PCR to isolate the DNA of T. gondii in semen samples of rams on sexual intercourse, and the pool of tissues of one and two females exposed to breeding by natural mating infected with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. It is important to report that through this technique it was possible to diagnose the presence of this parasite also in the pool of tissue from the offspring of a female submitted to the natural breeding sheep infected with oocysts. From the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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12

Damasceno, Silva Elis. "Quantitative genetics of skull shape in Soay sheep (Ovis aries) using geometric morphometrics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantitative-genetics-of-skull-shape-in-soay-sheep-ovis-aries-using-geometric-morphometrics(8b233fd9-76dc-4dd9-9a38-621548a835ac).html.

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Analysing variation of skull shape in wild populations can give us an insight into evolutionary processes. By looking into patterns of morphological variation within populations, we can extrapolate and make assumptions on the patterns of variation on higher taxonomic levels. In this thesis, I collected data on skull shape of a wild population of Soay sheep using geometric morphometrics methods. I applied a multitude of quantitative genetics and geometric morphometrics methods to explore the factors behind the evolution of skull shape. I analysed several aspects of skull shape, including integration and modularity, predicted response to hypothetical selection, estimates of natural selection, presence of heterochrony, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in an ecological and genetic point of view. I found low levels of integration in the Soay sheep skull, along with the presence of two modules: face and neurocranium. Both the levels of integration and the pattern of modularity were found across different origins of variation, individual, genetic and developmental (FA), indicating a strong correspondence between levels. Although genetic integration is not strong, I found that most of hypothetical selection regimes result in as much correlated selection as direct selection responses. But the nose region has shown to be quite independent from the rest of the skull, with a retraction of the nose causing almost no correlated changes. Selection on skull shape is comparatively strong in the Soay sheep. The skull shape selected for in males differs from the shape selected in females. Males are selected to have wider nasal bones along with longer, flatter braincase, whereas females are selected towards narrower nasal bones, along with smaller braincases. But selection is not the only factor influencing changes in skull shape. Changes in temperature along the past 30 years are causing a change in developmental timing in Soay sheep, causing a decrease in overall body size in the population. And I found that skull shape is also being affected, thus indicating that this population might be undergoing heterochronic processes. Finally, I found that factors such as vegetation quality, parasite load and breeding success are related to FA levels, whereas population density and climate are not. I also found no significant heritability nor dominance in FA of skull shape. Overall, this thesis certainly contributes to the understanding of evolution of skull shape in natural populations. By successfully combining quantitative genetics and geometric morphometrics methods, I was able to tackle questions about the evolution of complex shapes, and give valuable insights into this still underexplored field.

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13

Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti. "Transmissão sexual de Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909) em ovinos (Ovis aries) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103837.

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Orientador: Alvimar José da Costa
Banca: João Luis Garcia
Banca: Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira
Banca: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Banca: Cesar Roberto Esper
Resumo: Ovinos machos isentos de Toxoplasma gondii, foram distribuídos em três grupos sendo, G1: um ovino inoculado, pela via oral, com 2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P, G2: um ovino infectado, pela via subcutânea, com 1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH e G3: um ovino não infectado mantido como controle. Após a inoculação dos machos com T. gondii, 12 ovelhas reprodutoras, não gestantes, sorologicamente negativas para doenças reprodutivas, sobretudo toxoplasmose, foram sincronizadas e em seguida expostas à monta natural pelos machos, anteriormente inoculados, sendo: cinco ovelhas submetidas à monta natural pelo macho do G1; cinco ovelhas expostas à monta natural pelo macho do G2 e duas ovelhas pelo macho pertencente ao grupo controle. Nos soros das ovelhas obtidos nos dias -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (antes da monta natural) e nos dias 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 e semanalmente até o parto, foi pesquisada a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela RIFI. Bioensaio em camundongos e PCR foram realizados em amostras de sêmen e tecidos dos machos, tecidos das fêmeas e de seus respectivos filhotes. Cinco das 12 fêmeas utilizadas apresentaram anticorpos específicos contra T. gondii após a monta natural, sendo duas pelo macho inoculado com oocistos (G1) e três pelo ovino infectado com taquizoítos (G2). Pelo bioensaio foi possível diagnosticar, no dia da monta natural, a presença do T. gondii em amostras seminais dos ovinos infectados (G1 e G2) e em amostras do "pool" de tecidos das cinco fêmeas e em cinco de seus respectivos filhotes. Foi possível, ainda, pela técnica da PCR isolar o DNA de T. gondii em amostras seminais dos machos reprodutores no dia do coito, e no "pool" de tecidos de uma e duas fêmeas expostas à monta natural por reprodutores infectados com oocistos e taquizoítos, respectivamente. É importante relatar que, por meio desta técnica foi possível diagnosticar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Male sheep in reproductive age and with no prior Toxoplasma gondii disease, were divided into three groups: G1, a sheep inoculated with 2.0 x 105 of P strain oocysts; G2, a sheep infected with 1.0 x 106 of RH strain tachyzoites and; G3 a control uninfected sheep. After inoculation of males with T. gondii, 12 breeding ewes, not pregnant, serologically negative for reproductive diseases, particularly toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by those males, previously inoculated, being: five ewes submitted to natural mating by male G1, five ewes exposed to natural mating by the male of G2 and two ewes submitted to natural mating by the male control from group. In sera obtained from all ewes on days -30, -14, -7, -1, zero (before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and weekly until partum, was investigated the presence of antibodies against T. gondii by IFAT. Bioassay and PCR were performed on samples of semen and tissues of males/females tissues and their offspring. Five of the 12 females submitted to natural mating, had antibodies anti-T. gondii, being, two by male inoculated with oocysts (G1) and three for sheep infected with tachyzoites (G2). For the bioassay was possible to diagnose on the day of natural mating, the presence of T. gondii in semen samples from infected sheep (G1 and G2) and in samples of pool of tissues from five females and five of their puppies. It was also possible by PCR to isolate the DNA of T. gondii in semen samples of rams on sexual intercourse, and the pool of tissues of one and two females exposed to breeding by natural mating infected with tachyzoites and oocysts, respectively. It is important to report that through this technique it was possible to diagnose the presence of this parasite also in the pool of tissue from the offspring of a female submitted to the natural breeding sheep infected with oocysts. From the results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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14

Maciel, Willian Giquelin [UNESP]. "Avaliação das metodologias de controle estratégico das nematodioses gastrintestinais em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154163.

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As helmintoses, aliadas ao problema de resistência aos quimioterápicos, tornam-se o grande entrave na ovinocultura mundial, sendo ampliado pela escassez de informações sobre o custo-benefício de metodologias de diagnóstico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a eficiência de três técnicas de diagnóstico e o custo-benefício de quatro medidas estratégicas de controle de helmintos de ovinos naturalmente parasitados em uma de baixa tecnificação. Foram selecionadas 48 matrizes em idade reprodutiva, predominando mestiços de raça Santa Inês X Dorper, com médias de contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) superiores a 400, pelo método McMaster. Assim, foram realizadas coletas de amostras de fezes e avaliações da conjuntiva ocular a cada 14 dias, para realização das técnicas Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster e FAMACHA© durante um ano. As ovelhas foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais e tratadas, estrategicamente. No GI, realizou-se tratamento dos animais que apresentassem contagens de OPG igual ou superior a 1000 no Mini-FLOTAC; GII, realizado com proposições semelhante ao GI, mas de acordo com McMaster; GIII tratado todos os ovinos a cada 56 dias; GIV - desverminados apenas os animais que apresentassem grau FAMACHA© 3, 4 ou 5, em duas avaliações (dias diferentes). Para comparação, as três técnicas de diagnóstico foram, repetidamente, efetuadas em todos os grupos. Ao iniciar o estudo, foi realizada coprocultura das fezes para identificação genérica dos nematódeos, e, posteriormente, necropsia parasitológica nos ovinos que vieram a óbito com colheita para reconhecimento de espécies. Para o cálculo dos custos, foram contabilizados aquisição de produtos, os gastos com os tratamentos, o dispêndio com exames laboratoriais, entre outros. As técnicas foram comparadas pelos resultados, e após dicotomizados os dados, em Tratados (avaliações com FAMACHA© 3, 4 e 5, e, contagens de OPG superiores a 1000, para McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC) e Não Tratados. Os resultados necroparasitológicos evidenciaram 10 espécies de helmintos, com prevalência de Trichostrongylus colubriformis e Haemonchus contortus, representando 94,49% da carga parasitária total recuperadas nas necropsias. Nas coproculturas, Haemonchus (67%) e Trichostrongylus (19%) também apresentaram maiores percentuais. As três técnicas de diagnóstico obtiveram boa correlação entre si, com moderada diferença. Entretanto, quando transformados em tratados e não tratados, o FAMACHA© apresentou uma redução de 50% (P≤0,05) na frequência de tratamento. Quanto às estratégias, razoável diferença nas contagens de OPG observada no decorrer do estudo. Mesmo assim, o GIV apresentou menor frequência de desverminação (53), não diferindo (P≥0,05) apenas do GIII. Com base no peso médio e na quantidade de tratamentos, o GIV apresentou menor custo ao final do estudo, R$10,36 e, em segundo, o GIII, com um gasto de R$13,49, enquanto os GI e GII despuseram de R$17,60 e R$14,47, respectivamente. Além dos gastos com os tratamentos, GI, GII e GIV, totalizaram ao término do estudo R$5532,55, R$5266,13 e R$45,00 de importâncias extras. Assim, conclui-se que, a aplicação do método FAMACHA© reduz a frequência de tratamento em relação as demais estratégias empregadas, podendo ser indicada como melhor relação custo-benefício.
Helminthic infections, allied to the problem of resistance against chemotherapeutics, become the major worldwide hindrance in sheep industry, which is magnified by lack of information regarding cost benefits of diagnosis methodologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare efficiency of three diagnosis techniques and cost benefits of four strategic control measures against helminths of naturally parasitized sheep on a farm with modest technology. 48 ewes were selected, predominantly crosses of Santa Inês and Dorper breeds, at reproductive age, with average counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) superior to 400 detected by the McMaster method. Therefore, collection of fecal samples and evaluation of ocular conjunctiva were conducted every 14 days for performing the Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and FAMACHA© techniques. Animals were divided in four experimental groups and treated strategically. In GI, treatment was performed on animals which obtained EPG counts superior to 1000 on the Mini-FLOTAC test. Treatment at GII followed similar propositions to GI, but was based on the McMaster test. GIII consisted of treating all sheep at 56-day intervals. Animals at GIV were dewormed only when presenting FAMACHA© degrees 3, 4 or 5, in two evaluations. For comparison, all three diagnosis techniques were repeatedly conducted in all groups. In order to calculate costs, expenses with product acquisition and treatments, as well as expenditure with laboratorial exams and other factors were added. Techniques were compared by results, and data was divided in two groups: Treated (evaluations with FAMACHA© degree 3, 4 and 5; and EPG counts superior to 1000 for McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC methods) and Untreated. Results evidenced ten helminths species, with prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus representing 94.49% of total parasitic burdens recovered on necropsies of animals that came to death. In coprocultures analyzes, Haemonchus (67%) and Trichostrongylus (19%) also presented the higher percentages. All three diagnosis techniques obtained good correlations with each other, with moderate differences. However, when data was transformed in Treated and Untreated, the FAMACHA© method presented a 50% reduction (P≤0.05) in treatment frequency. Regarding strategies, reasonable differences in EPG counts were observed throughout the study. Nonetheless, GIV presented inferior deworming frequency (53), with no differences (P≥0.05) only to GIII. Based on average weights and amount of treatments, GIV presented inferior costs by the end of the study, R$ 10.36, followed by GIII, with a cost of R$ 13.49, while GI and GII surmounted costs of R$ 17.60 and R$ 14.47, respectively. Besides the expenses with treatments, GI, GII and GIV totaled, at the end of the study, R$ 5,532.55, R$ 5,266.13 and R$ 45.00 of additional importance. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that application of the FAMACHA© method reduces frequency of treatments when compared to other employed strategies, being able to be recommended as the one with superior cost benefit.

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Pillot, Marie-Hélène. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des déplacements collectifs chez le mouton Mérinos (Ovis aries)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1366/.

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Ce manuscrit de thèse rapporte un ensemble de résultats obtenus au cours de travaux expérimentaux innovants, s'insérant dans les domaines de la biologie intégrative et des systèmes complexes. L'objectif fondamental de ma thèse consiste en l'étude des interactions entre individus impliqués dans l'initiation et la coordination des déplacements chez les vertébrés grégaires, et plus particulièrement chez le mouton Mérinos d'Arles (Ovis aries). Lorsqu'un individu initie un déplacement, quelle information est prise en compte par les congénères, comment l'information se propage dans le groupe et quels mécanismes sous-tendent les processus de décision collective ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons mis au point un paradigme permettant de déclencher de façon standardisée des déplacements d'individus entraînés, placés dans des groupes de congénères naïfs. En utilisant deux types de stimuli un son (public) ou une vibration (privé), nous avons pu étudier les réponses individuelles de suivi et l'effet de l'état comportemental sur l'adhésion. Une série supplémentaire d'expériences a permis d'enregistrer des déplacements initiés spontanément. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'un déplacement collectif peut être déclenché par n'importe quel individu du groupe. Nos analyses quantitatives montrent également que chez le moutons Mérinos, la décision individuelle de suivre obéit à une loi basée sur un double effet mimétique prenant en compte à la fois le nombre d'individus ayant décidé de suivre et le nombre d'individus n'ayant pas encore pris la décision de suivre. La comparaison des trois situations expérimentales montre que la règle de décision est unique et que l'état comportemental des potentiels suiveurs affecte de façon mineure la dynamique collective. Notre approche combinant travaux expérimentaux et modélisation fournit des résultats originaux et contribue à la compréhension des prises de décision individuelles et collectives, et des mécanismes impliqués dans les déplacements collectifs. Le paradigme expérimental mis au point et les outils mathématiques utilisés permettent d'envisager de nouveaux travaux expérimentaux afin de tester la généralité des règles mis à jour
This thesis presents a comprehensive set of results, obtained through an innovative experimental methodology, that have important and extensive implications for the fields of integrative biology and complex systems. The main objective of the thesis is to study the inter-individual interactions involved during the initiation and coordination of movement in gregarious vertebrates, and in particular in the sheep Merinos d'Arles (Ovis aries). Key questions are, when an individual initiates a movement, what information is taken into account by conspecifics, how is this information spread across the group, and what mechanisms underlie the collective decision processes? To answer these questions, we created an experimental paradigm to trigger, in a standardized way, the movement of trained individuals that were then placed in a group of naïve conspecifics. Using two types of stimuli, a sound (public) and a vibration (private), we could evaluate the individual response of followers, and the effect of the behavioural state on this response. An additional set of experiments also provided recordings of spontaneous initiations of movement. Our results suggest that every individual in a group can initiate a collective movement. Our quantitative analysis then showed that, in Mérinos sheep, the individual decision to follow depends on a double mimetic effect; individuals take into account both the number of already departed individuals and the number of individuals which have not yet departed. A comparison between three experimental situations reveals that the decision rule is unique and that the behavioural state of potential followers only slightly affects the collective dynamics. Our approach, a combination of experimentation and modelling, provides original results that contribute to the understanding of individual and collective decision-making processes, and of the mechanisms involved during collective movement. The experimental paradigm that was proposed here, and the mathematical tools that were used, open interesting perspectives for new experimental studies and for the generalization of the behavioural rules exposed in this thesis

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16

Maciel, Willian Giquelin. "Avaliação das metodologias de controle estratégico das nematodioses gastrintestinais em ovinos (Ovis aries) /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154163.

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Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Coorientador: Alvimar José da Costa
Banca: Luís Fernando Santana
Banca: Maria Imaculada Fonseca
Banca: Giane Serafim da Silva
Banca: Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas
Resumo: As helmintoses, aliadas ao problema de resistência aos quimioterápicos, tornam-se o grande entrave na ovinocultura mundial, sendo ampliado pela escassez de informações sobre o custo-benefício de metodologias de diagnóstico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a eficiência de três técnicas de diagnóstico e o custo-benefício de quatro medidas estratégicas de controle de helmintos de ovinos naturalmente parasitados em uma de baixa tecnificação. Foram selecionadas 48 matrizes em idade reprodutiva, predominando mestiços de raça Santa Inês X Dorper, com médias de contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) superiores a 400, pelo método McMaster. Assim, foram realizadas coletas de amostras de fezes e avaliações da conjuntiva ocular a cada 14 dias, para realização das técnicas Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster e FAMACHA© durante um ano. As ovelhas foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais e tratadas, estrategicamente. No GI, realizou-se tratamento dos animais que apresentassem contagens de OPG igual ou superior a 1000 no Mini-FLOTAC; GII, realizado com proposições semelhante ao GI, mas de acordo com McMaster; GIII tratado todos os ovinos a cada 56 dias; GIV - desverminados apenas os animais que apresentassem grau FAMACHA© 3, 4 ou 5, em duas avaliações (dias diferentes). Para comparação, as três técnicas de diagnóstico foram, repetidamente, efetuadas em todos os grupos. Ao iniciar o estudo, foi realizada coprocultura das fezes para identificação genérica dos nematódeos, e, posteriormente, nec... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Helminthic infections, allied to the problem of resistance against chemotherapeutics, become the major worldwide hindrance in sheep industry, which is magnified by lack of information regarding cost benefits of diagnosis methodologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare efficiency of three diagnosis techniques and cost benefits of four strategic control measures against helminths of naturally parasitized sheep on a farm with modest technology. 48 ewes were selected, predominantly crosses of Santa Inês and Dorper breeds, at reproductive age, with average counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) superior to 400 detected by the McMaster method. Therefore, collection of fecal samples and evaluation of ocular conjunctiva were conducted every 14 days for performing the Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and FAMACHA© techniques. Animals were divided in four experimental groups and treated strategically. In GI, treatment was performed on animals which obtained EPG counts superior to 1000 on the Mini-FLOTAC test. Treatment at GII followed similar propositions to GI, but was based on the McMaster test. GIII consisted of treating all sheep at 56-day intervals. Animals at GIV were dewormed only when presenting FAMACHA© degrees 3, 4 or 5, in two evaluations. For comparison, all three diagnosis techniques were repeatedly conducted in all groups. In order to calculate costs, expenses with product acquisition and treatments, as well as expenditure with laboratorial exams and other fact... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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17

Jenson, Eleanor P. "Development of Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Physical Mapping in Ovis aries." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3924.

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Genome maps provide information used to identify economic trait loci and loci proximal to genes affecting economically important traits. This research contributes to the development of the ovine genome map by establishing ovine tissue culture techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques in this laboratory. In addition, a karyotype for sheep affected with spider lamb syndrome was developed. Ovine tissue culture techniques were established using fibroblasts grown from primary explants of sheep and modified cytogenetic procedures. Metaphase chromosomes were obtained from the fibroblast cultures and used for fluorescent in situ hybridization and for banding procedures to develop the spider lamb karyotype. Fluorescent in situ hybridization procedures were established by hybridizing a fluorescent-labeled probe to fixed ovine chromosome spreads. The probe was a bacterial artificial chromosome clone containing the bovine 3-β-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase gene. In this study, the probe hybridized to ovine chromosome 1. This chromosomal location was supported by the previous hybridization of the probe to bovine chromosome 3, which has a high level of homology with ovine chromosome 1. The final objective of this study was to determine whether a chromosomal abnormality is the cause of spider lamb syndrome, a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disease in North American black-faced breeds of sheep. A fibroblast cell line was produced from a four-week-old male homozygous spider lamb. Chromosomes were banded with trypsin using standard structural banding techniques. The lamb had a normal diploid chromosomes, 23 pairs of autosomal acrocentrics, and a large acrocentric X and a minute biarmed Y chromosome. G-band analysis of all chromosomes within the karyotype did not reveal any abnormality that was attributable to spider lamb syndrome.

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18

Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti [UNESP]. "Aspectos da infecção toxoplasmática no sistema reprodutor de ovinos (Ovis aries) machos experimentalmente infectados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94655.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Oito reprodutores ovinos, isentos de Toxoplasma gondii e quaisquer outras doenças reprodutivas, foram distribuídos em três grupos para infecção com o respectivo protozoário: GI - três ovinos (2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P), GII - três ovinos (1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH) e GIII - dois ovinos (controle). Parâmetros clínicos foram mensurados. Avaliações parasitêmicas e sorológicas (IFI) foram efetuadas. Qualidade espermática foi avaliada e a presença do parasito no sêmen foi investigada por meio das técnicas da bioprova e da PCR. Parasitismo tissular foi pesquisado pela bioprova, PCR e imunohistoquímica. Foi possível registrar alterações hipertermia e apatia nos ovinos infectados com oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii Parasitemia foi detectada em cinco ovinos. Todos os ovinos inoculados responderam ao estímulo antigênico, produzindo anticorpos contra T. gondii a partir do 5º dia pós-inoculação. Nos animais dos grupos I e II, os títulos observados foram de 1:4096 e 1:8192, respectivamente. Nos mesmos grupos, foram ainda, pela bioprova e PCR, constatada a presença do parasito no sêmen. Pela PCR detectou-se o DNA de T. gondii no sêmen dos animais 02 e 09 (do GI oocistos) e 07, 48 e 52 (do GII taquizoítos). Parasitismo tissular por T. gondii (bioprova e PCR) foi diagnosticada nos ovinos 09, 16 (oocistos) e 07 (taquizoítos). Vesícula seminal e próstata foram os tecidos de eleição da infecção por T. gondii (imunohistoquímica) no sistema reprodutor dos ovinos experimentalmente infectados. Em síntese, estes resultados sugerem a viabilidade da transmissão venérea deste coccídio.
Eight sheep reproducers exempt of Toxoplasma gondii and any other reproductive illnesses, were distributed in three groups for infection with the respective protozoan: GI - three sheep (2.0 x 105 oocysts from P lineage), GII - three sheep (1.0 x 106 taquizoites from RH lineage) and GIII - two sheep (control). Clinical parameters were measured. Parasitemics and sorologicals evaluations (IFA) were effected. Spermetic quality was evaluated and the presence of the parasite in the semen was searched through techniques of bioassay and PCR. Tissue parasitism was researched through bioassay, PCR and immuneistochemistry. It was possible to registered hyperthermia and apathy alterations in sheep infected with oocysts from Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitemia was detected in five sheep. All inoculated sheep responded to antigenic stimulation, producing antibodies against T. gondii upon the 5th day post-inoculation. In animals from groups I and II, the titles observed were 1:4096 and 1:8192, respectively. The animals of group III (control), did not present antibodies against T. gondii during all experimental period. In the same groups, it still has been evidenced, through bioassay and PCR, the presence of the parasite in the semen. Through PCR, T. gondii DNA was detected in the semen of animals 02, 09 of GI (oocysts) and 07, 48 and 52 of GII (taquizoites). Tissue parasitism by T. gondii (biotest and PCR) was diagnosed in sheep 09, 16 (oocysts) and 07 (taquizoites). Seminal vesicle and prostate were the tissues elected for infection with T. gondii (immuneistochemistry) in the experimentally infected sheep reproductive system. In summery, these results suggests the viability of the venereal transmission for this coccidium.

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Bredin, Ian Peter. "Phosphorus and calcium extraction from bone digestion in the rumen of sheep (Ovis aries)." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05042007-180754/.

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Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti. "Aspectos da infecção toxoplasmática no sistema reprodutor de ovinos (Ovis aries) machos experimentalmente infectados /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94655.

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Orientador: Alvimar José da Costa
Banca: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Banca: Anderson Barbosa Moura
Resumo: Oito reprodutores ovinos, isentos de Toxoplasma gondii e quaisquer outras doenças reprodutivas, foram distribuídos em três grupos para infecção com o respectivo protozoário: GI - três ovinos (2,0 x 105 oocistos da cepa P), GII - três ovinos (1,0 x 106 taquizoítos da cepa RH) e GIII - dois ovinos (controle). Parâmetros clínicos foram mensurados. Avaliações parasitêmicas e sorológicas (IFI) foram efetuadas. Qualidade espermática foi avaliada e a presença do parasito no sêmen foi investigada por meio das técnicas da bioprova e da PCR. Parasitismo tissular foi pesquisado pela bioprova, PCR e imunohistoquímica. Foi possível registrar alterações hipertermia e apatia nos ovinos infectados com oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii Parasitemia foi detectada em cinco ovinos. Todos os ovinos inoculados responderam ao estímulo antigênico, produzindo anticorpos contra T. gondii a partir do 5º dia pós-inoculação. Nos animais dos grupos I e II, os títulos observados foram de 1:4096 e 1:8192, respectivamente. Nos mesmos grupos, foram ainda, pela bioprova e PCR, constatada a presença do parasito no sêmen. Pela PCR detectou-se o DNA de T. gondii no sêmen dos animais 02 e 09 (do GI oocistos) e 07, 48 e 52 (do GII taquizoítos). Parasitismo tissular por T. gondii (bioprova e PCR) foi diagnosticada nos ovinos 09, 16 (oocistos) e 07 (taquizoítos). Vesícula seminal e próstata foram os tecidos de eleição da infecção por T. gondii (imunohistoquímica) no sistema reprodutor dos ovinos experimentalmente infectados. Em síntese, estes resultados sugerem a viabilidade da transmissão venérea deste coccídio.
Abstract: Eight sheep reproducers exempt of Toxoplasma gondii and any other reproductive illnesses, were distributed in three groups for infection with the respective protozoan: GI - three sheep (2.0 x 105 oocysts from P lineage), GII - three sheep (1.0 x 106 taquizoites from RH lineage) and GIII - two sheep (control). Clinical parameters were measured. Parasitemics and sorologicals evaluations (IFA) were effected. Spermetic quality was evaluated and the presence of the parasite in the semen was searched through techniques of bioassay and PCR. Tissue parasitism was researched through bioassay, PCR and immuneistochemistry. It was possible to registered hyperthermia and apathy alterations in sheep infected with oocysts from Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitemia was detected in five sheep. All inoculated sheep responded to antigenic stimulation, producing antibodies against T. gondii upon the 5th day post-inoculation. In animals from groups I and II, the titles observed were 1:4096 and 1:8192, respectively. The animals of group III (control), did not present antibodies against T. gondii during all experimental period. In the same groups, it still has been evidenced, through bioassay and PCR, the presence of the parasite in the semen. Through PCR, T. gondii DNA was detected in the semen of animals 02, 09 of GI (oocysts) and 07, 48 and 52 of GII (taquizoites). Tissue parasitism by T. gondii (biotest and PCR) was diagnosed in sheep 09, 16 (oocysts) and 07 (taquizoites). Seminal vesicle and prostate were the tissues elected for infection with T. gondii (immuneistochemistry) in the experimentally infected sheep reproductive system. In summery, these results suggests the viability of the venereal transmission for this coccidium.
Mestre

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Bousquié, Lara. "Etude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la différenciation des émotions chez l'agneau (Ovis aries)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21498.

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Se préoccuper du bien-être des animaux en élevage suppose de leur reconnaître le statut d'êtres sensibles doués d'émotions. Néanmoins, l'étude des états affectifs chez l'animal est mal acceptée par la communauté scientifique. Dans le but de développer une étude objective des émotions chez l'animal, nous proposons un cadre conceptuel inspiré des théories développées récemment en psychologie cognitive. Le vécu émotionnel est inféré à la fois de l'évaluation faite par l'individu de la situation à laquelle il est confronté, et des réponses comportementales et physiologiques concomitantes à cette évaluation. Nous avons développé une approche sur les ovins qui consiste 1-à identifier les critères d'évaluation accessibles aux agneaux et à isoler les réponses spécifiques à chacun de ces critères, puis 2-à explorer la modulation de ces réponses selon des combinaisons de critères pour tenter de comprendre la différenciation des émotions. Nous avons montré que les agneaux évaluent chaque événement auquel ils sont confrontés selon son caractère soudain et non-familier, selon l'écart de correspondance entre cet événement et leurs propres attentes, et selon le degré de contrôle qu'ils peuvent exercer sur l'événement. Certains critères induisent des réponses physiologiques et comportementales concomitantes caractérisant une réponse émotionnelle. C'est le cas de la soudaineté, de la non-familiarité et de la non-correspondance aux attentes. Le caractère prévisible ou non d'un événement ne semble pas avoir été perçu par les agneaux. Nous avons également montré que la combinaison des critères de soudaineté et de non-familiarité avait un effet synergique sur les réponses émotionnelles. L'étude des capacités d'évaluation des animaux permet donc de mieux décrypter leurs émotions. Il est nécessaire d'identifier les combinaisons de critères d'évaluation qui induisent des modifications spécifiques sur le couplage comportemental et physiologique

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Chirat, Frédéric. "Les protéines nucléaires basiques de la spermiogenèse du bélier Ovis aries : structure primaire, phosphorylation." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10098.

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Au cours de la spermiogenèse, on assiste à un remaniement profond de l'organisation de la chromatine qui passe progressivement d'un état diffus dans la cellule somatique à un état fortement condensé dans les spermatozoïdes mûrs. Chez les mammifères, ce remaniement s'accompagne d'une double transition des protéines nucléaires basiques : la première correspond au remplacement des histones par les protéines de transition et la seconde au remplacement de ces dernières par une ou plusieurs protamines. Les études structurales entreprises sur la protéine TP1 non- et monophosphorylée, nous ont permis de mettre en évidence, grâce à la spectrométrie de masse, deux variants structuraux ne différant que par la nature du résidu en position 27 (Cys --> Gly) et d'identifier quatre sites de phosphorylation sur les sérines aux positions 8,35, 36 et 39. Nos travaux ont également porté sur les protéines de transition TP2 et 3. En raison des très faibles quantités de ces protéines, nous n'avons pu établir que leur structure primaire partielle. Les protéines TP2 et 3 se distinguent par la répartition des acides aminés basiques. Tandis que ces résidus sont localisés essentiellement dans la région C-terminale de la protéine TP2, ils sont répartis d'une façon uniforme dans la protéine 3. Outre nos travaux sur les protéines de transition, nous avons mis en évidence que la protamine isolée du testicule de bélier était présente sous les formes non- et monophosphorylées dans le rapport 1/1 et que le site de phosphorylation était localisé sur la sérine 10.

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Tessonneaud, Alain. "Le noyau suprachiasmatique du bélier Ile-de-France (ovis aries) : études neuroanatomiques et fonctionnelles." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4004.

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Les noyaux suprachiasmatiques (NSC) représentent à la fois l'horloge endogène circadienne et le premier relais des informations lumineuses entre la rétine et la pinéale qui traduit ce signal nerveux en signal hormonal: la sécrétion nocturne de la mélatonine. L'objectif de ce travail est de caractériser les NSC chez les ovins et de définir leur rôle dans le contrôle de la sécrétion de mélatonine, et dans l'entrainement photopériodique des fonctions gonadotropes. Chez le bélier, les NSC structure hypothalamique paire de 3 mm de long, située dans un plan horizontal au-dessus du chiasma optique, reçoivent une innervation rétinienne bilatérale équivalente. La régionalisation spatiale est moins nette que chez les autres mammifères. La forme et la position des NSC chez cette espèce ont imposé la mise au point d'une technique chirurgicale par voie trans-sinusale horizontale. Cette approche permet de visualiser les NSC et de réaliser des injections de traceurs ou des lésions. Les quelques cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine projetant dans les NSC ont un soma fusiforme relativement petit, une arborisation dendritique simplifiée et présentent une distribution homogène. Leur caractérisation et leur distribution ont permis de dissocier une voie visuelle impliquée dans la mesure de la lumière ambiante de la voie visuelle de la formation des images. La lésion bilatérale complète des NSC altère la sécrétion de mélatonine, alors qu'une lésion limitée à leur zone antérieure entraine un retard de l'arrêt de cette sécrétion à l'aube. Les NSC jouent donc un rôle inhibiteur sur la sécrétion de mélatonine, mais ne sont sans doute pas les seules structures impliquées. Les taux de prolactine des animaux complètement lèsés ne suivent pas les modifications de durée du jour. Ce résultat suggère l'intervention des NSC dans la modulation des variations circannuelles de la sécrétion de cette hormone impliquée dans la fonction gonadotrope

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Possa, Kathia. "A presença do ovino (Ovis aries) na produção biodinâmica de figo (Ficus carica L)." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88019.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de integrar o ovino (Ovis aries) na fruticultura biodinâmica de figo (Ficus carica L), aumentando a eficiência no uso da terra de unidades de produção e possibilitando maior sustentabilidade à propriedade. Para isto, avaliou-se o comportamento dos ovinos e o efeito deste sobre o dano à planta de figo em duas condições de altura da forragem. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que ao proporcionar adequada

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Oliveira, Reginaldo Luís. "Comparação morfofuncional de folículos com um ou mais oócitos em ovários ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000192431.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a morfologia e atividade proliferativa de folículos com um oócito e folículos com mais de um oócito (multioócitos - MOFs) em ovários de ovinos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 32 pares de ovários de ovelhas oriundas de abatedouro local. No momento da colheita, os ovários foram avaliados macroscopicamente (estimativa da população folicular antral, presença de corpos lúteos), mensurados, pesados e fixados em solução de formalina tamponada a 10%. No primeiro experimento foi realizada a avaliação das características morfológicas e morfométricas dos folículos ovarianos nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, através da análise de lâminas histológicas coradas pelo Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS). As lâminas foram analisadas e os folículos classificados e mensurados através de programa de análise de imagens MOTICplus ®. Obteve-se os seguintes diâmetros médios para folículos e oócitos: primordiais, 30,96 ± 4,6μm e 25,09 ± 1,61μm; primordiais multioócitos (MOFs), 48,62 ± 5,66μm e 24,31 ± 3,35μm; primários, 50,96 ± 8,52μm e 34,42 ± 4,50μm; secundários, 86,48 ± 21,85μm e 49,01 ± 11,49μm; antrais, 226,26 ± 69,93μm e 66,26 ± 11,01μm. Através do teste de Wilcoxon para amostras dependentes foi evidenciado que o diâmetro dos oócitos de MOFs primordiais comparado aos oócitos de folículos com um oócito, no mesmo estágio de desenvolvimento, não foi significativo. MOFs foram observados em maior quantidade que os folículos secundários, não havendo diferença significativa quanto à sua prevalência entre os ovários direito e esquerdo. Os dados macroscópicos foram analisados através do teste de correlação de Spearman e mostraram correlação significativa da população folicular média em relação ao diâmetro médio ovariano (p<0,01), ao peso médio ovariano (p<0,05) e ao volume médio ovariano (p<0,05). O número total de MOFs não apresentou correlações significativas com as demais variáveis, entretanto mostrou uma correlação próxima da significância com a população média folicular (p=0,056). No segundo experimento, as amostras foram processadas e submetidas à avaliação imuno-histoquímica para os anticorpos anti- PCNA e anti-Ki-67 e a análise foi realizada através de score histológico. Após verificado a ausência de normalidade e homocedasticidade os dados imunohistoquímicos foram analisados através do teste de Wilcoxon para amostras dependentes. A imunoexpressão para PCNA foi presente em todos os estagios do desenvolvimento folicular, não apresentando diferença significativa entre os folículos contendo um oócito e MOFs primordiais. Em relação à imunoexpressão de Ki-67, não foi observado imunomarcação positiva para os folículos com um oócito e MOFs primordiais, porém, em todos os outros estágios de desenvolvimento observou-se imunomarcação positiva, tanto para folículos com um oócito, quanto para multioócitos. Os resultados obtidos através de avaliação morfométrica e imunohistoquímica sugerem que folículos primordiais MOFs apresentam morfologia e atividade semelhantes aos folículos primordiais com um oócito, existindo a possibilidade de desenvolverem-se normalmente.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology and proliferative activity of follicles with an oocyte and follicles with more than one oocyte (multioocytes - MOFs) in ovaries of sheep. To this end, 32 pairs of ovaries from sheep originating from a local slaughterhouse were used. At harvest, the ovaries were macroscopically evaluated (estimated antral follicular population, presence of corpora lutea), measured, weighed and fixed in formalin buffered at 10%. In the first experiment the evaluation of morphological and morphometric characteristics of ovarian follicles was performed in different stages of development, through the analysis of histological slides stained by Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Slides were analyzed and classified and measured follicles through image analysis MOTICplus ® program. We obtained the following average diameters follicles and oocytes: primordial, 30,96 ± 4,6μm and 25,09 ± 1,61μm; primordial multioocytes ( MOFs ) 48,62 ± 5,66μm and 24,31 ± 3,35μm; primary, 50,96 ± 8,52μm and 34,42 ± 4,50 μm; secundary, 86,48 ± 21,85 μm and 49,01 ± 11,49 μm; antral, 226,26 ± 69,93μm and 66,26 ± 11,01μm. Using the Wilcoxon test for dependent samples was shown that the diameter of MOFs primordial oocytes compared to oocytes from follicles with an oocyte in the same stage of development, was not significant. MOFs were found in greater quantity than the secondary follicles, with no significant difference in prevalence between the right and left ovaries. Macroscopic data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test showed significant correlation and average follicular population in relation to the average ovarian diameter (p < 0,01), the average ovarian weight (p < 0,05) and average ovarian volume (p < 0,05). The total number of MOFs showed no significant correlations with the other variables, however showed a close correlation with the significance of follicular average population (p = 0,056). In the second experiment, the samples were processed and subjected to immunohistochemical evaluation for anti-PCNA and anti-Ki-67 and analysis was performed by histological score. After verified the absence of normality and homoscedasticity immunohistochemical data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test for dependent samples. The immunostaining for PCNA was present in all stages of follicular development, no significant difference between the follicles containing an oocyte and primordial MOFs. In relation to the immune Ki-67, no positive immunostaining was observed for follicles with an oocyte and primordial MOFs, but in all other stages of development observed positive immunostaining for both follicles with an oocyte, and for multioocytes. The results obtained from morphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation suggest that primordial follicles MOFs exhibit similar morphology and the primordial follicles with an oocyte activity, with the possibility to develop normally.

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Yoshihara, Eidi. "Efeito anti-helmíntico direto de taninos condensados em nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000176647.

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As helmintoses gastrintestinais representam um dos principais problemas sanitários para o rebanho ovino. O uso intensivo de anti-helmínticos nestas criações, muitas vezes, em subdoses, aliado a problemas de manejo, tem selecionado isolados de helmintos resistentes a vários produtos comerciais. A fitoterapia tem sido indicada principalmente para reduzir os custos dos tratamentos e prolongar a vida útil dos produtos anti-helmínticos disponíveis no mercado. O uso de plantas ricas em taninos condensados (TC) para reduzir uso de produtos químicos, pode ser indicado como uma alternativa no controle de helmintos em ovinos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico dos TC sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. Durante o período de testes foram realizados dois ensaios experimentais: Experimento 1 - Efeito anti-helmíntico de taninos condensados em nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, para avaliar in vitro o efeito anti-helmíntico dos TC proveniente do extrato de acácia (Acacia mearnsii) (EA) sobre ovos e larvas de terceiro estágio. O EA na concentração de 100 mg mL-1 inibiu 100% da eclosão de ovos e a concentração letal capaz de inibir 50% (CL50) da eclosão foi de 2,85 mg mL-1. No teste de inibição da migração larval, também na concentração de 100 mg mL-1, a inibição foi de 97,1% e a CL50 foi de 12,45 mg mL-1. Experimento 2 - Alterações ultraestruturais da cutícula de Haemonchus contortus tratados com EA. No teste in vitro os parasitos foram expostos ao extrato de acácia (100 mg mL-1) por duas horas. Ocorreram alterações ultraestruturais na cutícula, representado por rugas transversais e rupturas da cutícula com aumento de volume e distorções das estrias cuticulares e possível extravasamento de material interno. No teste in vivo, o ovino recebeu via oral o EA diluído em água morna (1,6 g kg-1 PV) durante três dias. Foi observada a presença de rupturas da cutícula com aumento de volume com distorções das estrias cuticulares e aparentemente extravasamento de material interno. Na região cefálica ocorreram alterações ultraestruturais com perda da integridade da cutícula. A ação direta dos TC sobre ovos, larvas de terceiro estágio e adultos foi demonstrada no presente estudo, porém mais estudos são necessários para a indicação de um controle de parasitos baseado no uso de fontes de TC.
Gastrointestinal helminthosis are one of the main sanitary problems in sheep. The inadequate intensive usage of anthelminthics on these animals, added to management problems, causes the selection of isolates which are resistant to many commercial products. Phytotherapy is being prescribed mainly to reduce treatment costs and to increase the lifetime of commercial anti-helminthic. The usage of plants rich in condensed tannins (CT) to reduce the use of chemical products can be indicated as an alternative in sheep helminths control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic effect of CT from Acacia mearnsii extract (AE) on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. During the experimental assays were performed: Experiment 1 Were carried out to evaluate in vitro anthelminthic effect of the CT from the AE on eggs and third larvae stage of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. The AE in concentration of 100 mg mL-1 inhibited the eggs hatching at 100% and the letal concentration that inhibit 50% (LC50) of the hatching was 2.85 mg mL-1. In larval migration the inhibition was 97.1% in concentration of 100 mg mL-1 and the LC50 was 12.45 mg mL-1. Experiment 2 Haemonchus contortus were exposed to AE (100 mg mL-1) for two hours. After this period, was observed ultrastrucutral alterations in the larval cuticle, represented by transverse wrinkles and cuticle rupture with volume increase and cuticle strial distortions and possible extravasation of internal material. In in vivo test, were drench with AE (1.6 g kg-1 BW) diluted with warm water during three days. It was observed cuticle rupture with volume increase, cuticle strials distortions and probable extravasation of internal material. In the cephalic region it was observed ultrastructural alterations with loss of the cuticle integrity. Direct action of CT in eggs, third stage larval and adults was evidenced in this study, however more studies are necessary to indicate the uses of CT in parasite control.

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Riegler, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] Sinowatz. "Ultrastrukturelle und histochemische Untersuchungen am Blut des Schafes (Ovis aries) / Stephanie Riegler. Betreuer: Fred Sinowatz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020362561/34.

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Monteiro, Alexandre Weick UchÃa. "Biometria testÃculo-epididimÃria e reserva espermÃtica ovinos (ovis aries) deslanados criados no Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1712.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar parÃmetros reprodutivos de fÃcil mensuraÃÃo, que sejam representativos da capacidade reprodutiva de um macho ovino como reserva epididimÃria. Foram mensurados 38 genitais masculinos de ovinos deslanados sem padrÃo racial definido quanto os parÃmetros biomÃtricos do testÃculo e epidÃdimo comprimento, a largura, a espessura e do peso, bem como concentraÃÃo espermÃtica da cauda do epidÃdimo e volume do fluido contido da cauda. Antes do abate cada animal doador do genital teve mensurado a circunferÃncia escrotal (CE), peso e idade pela cronologia dentÃria. No tocante a reserva epididimÃria esta foi determinada pela concentraÃÃo espermÃtica do conteÃdo epididimÃrio. Todos os resultados foram expressos em media e erro padrÃo, bem como tambÃm o Coeficiente de VariaÃÃo (CV). As correlaÃÃes foram calculadas pelo mÃtodo de Pearson utilizando o procedimento âProc Corrâ do SAS (1999). Destes genitais nÃo foi observada diferenÃa (p > 0,05) entre os valores dos lados direito e esquerdo da biometria testicular. As mÃdias e erros padrÃo obtidas para PE, PT, CT, LT, ET, PTE, PCE, PCOE, PCAE, CCAE, LCAE, ECAE foram: 27,82 Â 1,77cm; 123,97 Â 26,58g; 7,83 Â 0,79cm; 5,74 Â 0,48cm; 4,57 Â 0,54cm; 18,63 Â 3,96g; 6,95 Â 1,48g; 3,45 Â 0,87g; 8,36 Â 2,13g; 3,03 Â 0,44cm; 2,22 Â 0,22cm e 1,65 Â 0,23cm respectivamente. No tocante a reserva espermÃtica da cauda do epidÃdimo, a concentraÃÃo encontrada foi de 2,47 Â 1,00 bilhÃes de sptz por mL. Das medidas biomÃtricas em estudos a que melhor se comportou nas correlaÃÃes foi o peso vivo, dos testÃculos e dos epidÃdimos mostrando sempre correlaÃÃes moderadas e significativas. O peso vivo teve correlaÃÃo mÃdia e ignificativa (p<0,0001) com as medidas biomÃtricas da cauda do epidÃdimo CCAE, LCAE e ECAE (r=0,59; r=0,60 e r= 0,59) spectivamente. A LT, comportou-se neste estudo com bom indicador do desenvolvimento testicular e epididimÃria, podendo ser extrapolado para funÃÃo reprodutiva sendo esta fortemente correlacionada com o PT (r=0,88), CE (r=0,57), PTE (r=0,60). Neste estudo a CE mostrou correlaÃÃes moderadas variando r = 0,38 a 0,69 o com as medidas testiculares e epididimÃrias e as medidas que melhor se correlacionaram foram o PT com r=0,69, CT e LT com r=0,57 respectivamente. A mensuraÃÃo CCAE foi a que apresentou melhor relaÃÃo com a grande maioria dos parÃmetros estudados, principalmente as caracterÃsticas testiculares (r= 0,54 a 0,58) e epididimÃrias (r= 0,48 a 0,73), bem como apresentou correlaÃÃo positiva e mÃdia (r=0,50) com o xv volume coletado da cauda do epidÃdimo, mostrando que esta mensuraÃÃo estar muito ligada ao desenvolvimento epididimÃrio que por conseguinte se relacionam com o desenvolvimento testicular. A CONC e VC mostraram baixas e moderadas correlaÃÃes embora positivas com as medidas testiculares e epididimÃrias. A caracterÃstica que menos se correlacionou com todas as outras mensuraÃÃes inclusive expressando coeficientes negativos foi a espessura da dobra escrotal. Contribuindo pouco quanto ao desenvolvimento testÃculo epididimÃrio e com as caracterÃsticas da reserva espermÃtica da cauda do epidÃdimo. Podemos utilizar a LT e CCAE no auxÃlio das mensuraÃÃes biometrias (Peso Vivo, PE ....) para seleÃÃo precoce de machos ovinos por sua facilidade de obtenÃÃo nos animais vivos.
The aim of this study is to correlate reproductive parameters of easy measurement to represent the reproductive capacity of a male sheep The biometric parameters of the testis and epididymis (length, midth, thickness and weight) of 38 SPRD ram were measured as well as the sperm concentration of the epididymis tail (CECE) and epididymis fluid volume (VFE) contained in the tail. The scrotal circunference (SC) and weight of each animal was measured before slaughter. The age was determined by dental chronology. The spermatozoids epididymis concentration was determined in a Neubauer chamber. All results were expressed by mean and standard deviations. The correlations were calculated by the Person method using the procedure âProc Corrâ of SAS (1999). No significant difference was observed (p>0,05) between the measured parameters of right and left sides of the testis and epididymis biometry. The means and standard deviations obtained for CE, PT, LT, ET, PTE, PCE, PCOE, PCAE, CCAE, LCAE, ECAE were:27,82 + 1,77 cm; 123,97 + 26,58 g; 7,83 + 0,79 cm; 5,74 + 0,48 cm; 4,57 + 0,54 cm; 18,63 + 3,96 g; 6,95 + 1,48 g; 3,45 + 0,87 g; 8,36 + 2,13 g; 3,03 + 0,44 cm;2,22 + 0,2 cm and 1,65 + 0,23 cm, respectively. The sperm concentration of the sperm reserve in the epididymis tail was 2,47 + 1,00 sptz billion for mL. The weight parameters (alive, of the testis and epididymis) showed moderate and significant correlations. The alive weight had medium and significant correlation (p> 0,0001) with biometrics measures of the epididymis tail:CCAE, LCAE and ECAE ( r=0,59; r=0,60 and r=0,59 respectively). LT behaved as good indicator of testis and epididymis development, and could be extrapolated with PT (r=0,88), CE (r=0,57), PTE (r=0,60). CE presented moderate correlations (r=0,38 to 0,69) varying with testis and epididymis measures, and the better correlated measures were PT with r=0,69, CT and LT with r=0,57, respectively. The CCAE parameter presented a better relationship with the majority measurements, mainly the testis (r=0,54 to 0,58) and epididymis characteristics (r=0,48 to 0,73); CCAE parameter also presented positive and moderate correlation (r=0,50) with the epididymis tail volume collected.CECE and VFE presented low and medium correlations, although positive, with the testis and epididymis measures. The characteristic less correlated with all the others measurements, besides the ones expressing negative coefficients, was the thickness of the scrotal fold. The LT and CCAE parameters can be included in the biometry measurements (Live Weight, PEâ) of the male reproductive tract to help the precocious selection of male sheep.

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29

Carreiro, Cecília de Morais. "Origem e diversidade genética de ovinos (ovis aries) crioulos na região do Pantanal/MS, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11832.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2012.
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A conservação de animais domésticos naturalizados é ponto estratégico para a ovinocultura brasileira. Rebanhos de ovinos adaptados a ambientes extremos, como a Caatinga Nordestina e o Pantanal Matogrossense, representam um boa fonte de recurso genético para melhor adaptação de raças comerciais com baixo padrão zootécnico no Brasil. Para a introgressão de caraterísticas de rebanhos com alta resistência parasitária e alta conversão alimentar, o entendimento e o mapeamento dessas populações nativas são essenciais. Com o objetivo de aumentar os conhecimentos sobre o material genético de ovinos naturalizados, o Laboratório de Genética Animal da Embrapa Cenargen (Brasília/DF) vem realizando estudos com o grupo genético ovino Pantaneiro. Estudos preliminares evidenciam uma maior diversidade genética da população desses ovinos em relação a outras raças naturalizadas. Diante desse fato, o presente estudo analisou dez populações de ovinos Pantaneiros do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil) para aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre este grupo genético. A amostragem envolveu animais de rebanhos convencionais e de núcleos de conservação, bem como englobou amostras de ovinos Crioulos para comparação, totalizando 343 amostras. O uso de Crioulos baseou-se na proximidade desses dois grupos. Fenotipicamente, os ovinos Pantaneiros assemelham-se à raça Crioula e esta origem deve ser investigada. Primeiramente, o estudo focou nesta proximidade entre os grupos. Para tal, a identificação de haplótipos por meio de marcadores mitocondriais e nucleares foi feita na tentativa de verificar possíveis diferenças entre OPT e OCL. Paralelamente também por meio de sequenciamento e genotipagem, observou-se o nível de divergência genética entre as várias populações de ovinos Pantaneiros. Os cálculos de diversidade haplotípica, diversidade nucleotídica e AMOVA foram realizados para inferir o grau de diferenciação entre os rebanhos OPT analisados. A partir desses dados, será possível desenhar um plano de conservação e manejo deste grupo localmente adaptado à difícil região do Pantanal. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The conservation of naturalized domestic animals is a strategic point for the Brazilian sheep industry. Flocks of sheep adapted to extreme environments, such as the Northeastern Brazilian Caatinga and the Brazilian Wetlands (also known as Pantanal) represent a good source of genetic resources to better fit commercial breeds with low standard livestock in Brazil. For introgression of herds characteristics with high parasitic resistance and high feed conversion, understanding and mapping these native populations are essential. Aiming to increase knowledge about the genetic material of naturalized sheep, the Laboratório de Genética Animal of Embrapa Cenargen (Brasilia/DF) has been studying the Pantaneiro genetic sheep group. Preliminary studies show a high genetic diversity of the population of sheep in relation to other naturalized breeds. Given this fact, this study analyzed ten Pantaneiro sheep populations from Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) to deepen the knowledge about this genetic group. The sampling involved animals from conventional herds and conservation centers, as well as South American Creole sheep for comparison, totalizing 343 samples. The use of Creole sheep was based on the proximity of these two groups. Phenotypically, Pantaneiro sheep resemble the Creole and this source should be investigated. Firstly, this study focused on these groups proximity. For this purpose, the haplotypes identification by mitochondrial and nuclear markers was done in the attempt to determine possible differences between OPT and OCL. Also, by sequencing and genotyping, the level of genetic divergence among the various OPT populations was observed. Estimates of haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and AMOVA were performed to infer the level of differentiation among the analyzed OPT herds. From these data, it will be possible to draw a plan of conservation and management of this group locally adapted to the difficult region of the Pantanal.

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30

Bouteille, Bernard. "Le traitement de la trypanosomose humaine africaine étude d'un modèle expérimental : le mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO301A.

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31

Kaeuffer, Renaud. "Dynamique de la diversité génétique et effets fondateurs : l’exemple du mouflon (Ovis aries) de Kerguelen." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10329.

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Mon travail de doctorat a consisté en l’étude de la diversité génétique d’une population de mouflons, fondée en 1957 par un unique couple sur une île de l’archipel de Kerguelen. Durant cette étude j’ai tout d’abord suivi les variations de l’hétérozygotie (He) depuis la fondation jusqu’à 2003. J’ai montré que He est supérieure à la valeur attendue par des modèles théoriques. La forte He pourrait être due à la sélection (Kaeuffer et al. Proc R Soc B 2007). Puis, pour mesurer la dérive, je me suis intéressé à la taille efficace de la population. Malgré des conditions défavorables (démographie cyclique et système de reproduction de promiscuité avec une forte compétition entre les mâles), la dérive est limitée. J’ai démontré que les variations de densité diminuent la compétition entre mâles, ce qui permet à la plupart de se reproduire et limite la perte de la diversité génétique (Kaeuffer et al. Mol Ecol 2007). A l’aide d’un logiciel très couramment utilisé, j’ai pu détecter une structure génétique dans la population de mouflons, qui pourrait affecter la dynamique de la diversité génétique. Pourtant, la structure ainsi définie n’a pas de sens biologique et serait causée par des particularités des marqueurs génétiques utilisés (Kaeuffer et al. Heredity 2007). Finalement, j’ai étudié la relation entre la diversité génétique et la valeur adaptative. J’ai pu montrer que la condition physique des femelles mouflons est diminuée chez les individus avec une faible He et une forte charge parasitaire. Mais, contrairement à toute attente, ces mêmes individus ont une plus grande chance de mettre bas des jumeaux (Kaeuffer et al. Soumis)
My PhD focused on the study of the dynamics of genetic diversity in a population of mouflons (Ovis aries) which was founded in 1957 by a single pair of individuals on an island in the Kerguelen archipelago (Indian Ocean). During this study, I first followed the variation in heterozygosity (He), from the foundation of the population through to 2003. I showed that the actual observed He value is higher than expected by neutral population genetics models. Our results, suggest that this strong He may be due to selection (Kaeuffer et al. Proc R Soc B 2007). Next, to measure genetic drift, I estimated the effective mouflon population size. Despite unfavourable conditions including cyclic demography and a promiscuous mating system with strong competition between males, drift was found to be limited. These results suggest that variation in population density diminish competition between males, and therefore most males contribute to reproduction, limiting the loss of genetic diversity (Kaeuffer et al. Mol Ecol 2007). The genetic structure of the populations can also influence He dynamics. Using a very popular population genetic software, I detected genetic structure in the mouflon population. However this structure appears to have little biological relevance and may be due to characteristics of the genetic markers used (Kaeuffer et al. Heredity 2007). Finally I measured the effects of genetic diversity on individual fitness. I showed a negative effect of homozygosity and parasitic load on the physical condition of female mouflons. However, contrary to expectation, inbred females were found to have the highest probability of twining (Kaeuffer et al. Submitted)

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Caldani, Martine. "Mise en évidence immunohistochimique des neurones à LHRH du Mouton, Ovis aries systématisation et ontogenèse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596217s.

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33

Monteiro, Alexandre Weick Uchôa. "Biometria testículo-epididimária e reserva espermática ovinos (ovis aries) deslanados criados no Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1181.

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MONTEIRO, A.W. U. Biometria testículo-epididimária e reserva espermática ovinos (ovis aries) deslanados criados no Estado do Ceará. 2007. 58f. Dissertação (Departamento de Zootecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2007.
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The aim of this study is to correlate reproductive parameters of easy measurement to represent the reproductive capacity of a male sheep The biometric parameters of the testis and epididymis (length, midth, thickness and weight) of 38 SPRD ram were measured as well as the sperm concentration of the epididymis tail (CECE) and epididymis fluid volume (VFE) contained in the tail. The scrotal circunference (SC) and weight of each animal was measured before slaughter. The age was determined by dental chronology. The spermatozoids epididymis concentration was determined in a Neubauer chamber. All results were expressed by mean and standard deviations. The correlations were calculated by the Person method using the procedure “Proc Corr” of SAS (1999). No significant difference was observed (p>0,05) between the measured parameters of right and left sides of the testis and epididymis biometry. The means and standard deviations obtained for CE, PT, LT, ET, PTE, PCE, PCOE, PCAE, CCAE, LCAE, ECAE were:27,82 + 1,77 cm; 123,97 + 26,58 g; 7,83 + 0,79 cm; 5,74 + 0,48 cm; 4,57 + 0,54 cm; 18,63 + 3,96 g; 6,95 + 1,48 g; 3,45 + 0,87 g; 8,36 + 2,13 g; 3,03 + 0,44 cm;2,22 + 0,2 cm and 1,65 + 0,23 cm, respectively. The sperm concentration of the sperm reserve in the epididymis tail was 2,47 + 1,00 sptz billion for mL. The weight parameters (alive, of the testis and epididymis) showed moderate and significant correlations. The alive weight had medium and significant correlation (p> 0,0001) with biometrics measures of the epididymis tail:CCAE, LCAE and ECAE ( r=0,59; r=0,60 and r=0,59 respectively). LT behaved as good indicator of testis and epididymis development, and could be extrapolated with PT (r=0,88), CE (r=0,57), PTE (r=0,60). CE presented moderate correlations (r=0,38 to 0,69) varying with testis and epididymis measures, and the better correlated measures were PT with r=0,69, CT and LT with r=0,57, respectively. The CCAE parameter presented a better relationship with the majority measurements, mainly the testis (r=0,54 to 0,58) and epididymis characteristics (r=0,48 to 0,73); CCAE parameter also presented positive and moderate correlation (r=0,50) with the epididymis tail volume collected.CECE and VFE presented low and medium correlations, although positive, with the testis and epididymis measures. The characteristic less correlated with all the others measurements, besides the ones expressing negative coefficients, was the thickness of the scrotal fold. The LT and CCAE parameters can be included in the biometry measurements (Live Weight, PE…) of the male reproductive tract to help the precocious selection of male sheep.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar parâmetros reprodutivos de fácil mensuração, que sejam representativos da capacidade reprodutiva de um macho ovino como reserva epididimária. Foram mensurados 38 genitais masculinos de ovinos deslanados sem padrão racial definido quanto os parâmetros biométricos do testículo e epidídimo comprimento, a largura, a espessura e do peso, bem como concentração espermática da cauda do epidídimo e volume do fluido contido da cauda. Antes do abate cada animal doador do genital teve mensurado a circunferência escrotal (CE), peso e idade pela cronologia dentária. No tocante a reserva epididimária esta foi determinada pela concentração espermática do conteúdo epididimário. Todos os resultados foram expressos em media e erro padrão, bem como também o Coeficiente de Variação (CV). As correlações foram calculadas pelo método de Pearson utilizando o procedimento “Proc Corr” do SAS (1999). Destes genitais não foi observada diferença (p > 0,05) entre os valores dos lados direito e esquerdo da biometria testicular. As médias e erros padrão obtidas para PE, PT, CT, LT, ET, PTE, PCE, PCOE, PCAE, CCAE, LCAE, ECAE foram: 27,82 ± 1,77cm; 123,97 ± 26,58g; 7,83 ± 0,79cm; 5,74 ± 0,48cm; 4,57 ± 0,54cm; 18,63 ± 3,96g; 6,95 ± 1,48g; 3,45 ± 0,87g; 8,36 ± 2,13g; 3,03 ± 0,44cm; 2,22 ± 0,22cm e 1,65 ± 0,23cm respectivamente. No tocante a reserva espermática da cauda do epidídimo, a concentração encontrada foi de 2,47 ± 1,00 bilhões de sptz por mL. Das medidas biométricas em estudos a que melhor se comportou nas correlações foi o peso vivo, dos testículos e dos epidídimos mostrando sempre correlações moderadas e significativas. O peso vivo teve correlação média e ignificativa (p<0,0001) com as medidas biométricas da cauda do epidídimo CCAE, LCAE e ECAE (r=0,59; r=0,60 e r= 0,59) spectivamente. A LT, comportou-se neste estudo com bom indicador do desenvolvimento testicular e epididimária, podendo ser extrapolado para função reprodutiva sendo esta fortemente correlacionada com o PT (r=0,88), CE (r=0,57), PTE (r=0,60). Neste estudo a CE mostrou correlações moderadas variando r = 0,38 a 0,69 o com as medidas testiculares e epididimárias e as medidas que melhor se correlacionaram foram o PT com r=0,69, CT e LT com r=0,57 respectivamente. A mensuração CCAE foi a que apresentou melhor relação com a grande maioria dos parâmetros estudados, principalmente as características testiculares (r= 0,54 a 0,58) e epididimárias (r= 0,48 a 0,73), bem como apresentou correlação positiva e média (r=0,50) com o xv volume coletado da cauda do epidídimo, mostrando que esta mensuração estar muito ligada ao desenvolvimento epididimário que por conseguinte se relacionam com o desenvolvimento testicular. A CONC e VC mostraram baixas e moderadas correlações embora positivas com as medidas testiculares e epididimárias. A característica que menos se correlacionou com todas as outras mensurações inclusive expressando coeficientes negativos foi a espessura da dobra escrotal. Contribuindo pouco quanto ao desenvolvimento testículo epididimário e com as características da reserva espermática da cauda do epidídimo. Podemos utilizar a LT e CCAE no auxílio das mensurações biometrias (Peso Vivo, PE ....) para seleção precoce de machos ovinos por sua facilidade de obtenção nos animais vivos.

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34

Garcia, Rodrigo. "Uso da deslorelina para controle da população folicular durante tratamento superovulatório em ovinos (ovis aries)." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191130.

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Orientador: Eunice Oba
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo a utilização do hormônio agonista de GnRH, Deslorelina, para controle da população folicular, com intuito de homogeneizar a onda folicular ao início do tratamento de múltiplas ovulações e transferência de embriões (MOET), reduzindo os efeitos deletérios do folículo dominante no tratamento superovulatório com hormônio folículo estimulante, foltropina de pituitária suína. Foram utilizadas 24 ovelhas deslanadas mestiças da raça santa inês, com idades entre 2 e 4 anos, divididas em dois grupos, Controle (Contr), e Deslorelina (Des). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na propriedade rural denominada ‘’Sítio Panorama’’, no município de Porangaba-SP, situado na latitude -23.15050993 e longitude -48.09904348, estando a uma altitude de 583m. As ovelhas foram monitoradas ultrassonograficamente por um período de sete dias quanto ao dinâmica de crescimento folicular e presença de corpo lúteo. Após determinação da ciclicidade ovariana todas as ovelhas receberam dispositivo intravaginal com 60mg de medroxiprogesterona no dia 0, que foi substituído por um novo dispositivo no dia 7 e que foi mantido até o dia 14, as fêmeas receberam única dose de 125 µg de clopostenol no dia 7. O tratamento superovulatório foi realizado com aplicação de Hormônio Folículo Estimulante Suíno- pFSH, na dose total de 200mg (10 mL), divididas em oito aplicações decrescentes com intervalo de 12h iniciando no decimo segundo dia (40 e 40; 30 e 30; 20 e 20; 10 e 10 mg, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study main objective was to use the GnRH agonist hormone deslorelin to control ovarian follicular population, achieving this way a more homogenous follicular wave at the beginning of multiple ovulations and embryo transfer (MOET) program, reducing deleterious effects from dominant follicles over the superovulatory protocol with porcine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (pFSH). Twenty four Santa Inês breed sheep were used, aging from 2 to 4 years, and divided into two groups: control (Contr), and Deslorelin (DES). The experiment was conducted in a private property, located in Brazil, São Paulo, City of Porangaba, latitude -23.15050993 and longitude -48.09904348. All sheep were monitored ultrassonographicaly for seven days, until the presence of a corpus luteum was detected. All sheep received intravaginal sponges containing 60mg of medroxiprogesteron on day 0, and new sponges on day 7 maintained until day 14, among side a single cloprostenol 125 µg dose. Superovulatory treatment was achieved using porcine Follicular Stimulating Hormone -FSH, with the total dose of 200mg (10ml), spread in eight decreasing administrations with 12 hours’ interval between them, starting on the twelve day. On day 14, 300 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin – eCG was administrated. On the treated group, in addition to the treatment described above, 3 doses of 100µg of GnRH agonist Deslorelin were administrated with 72 hours’ intervals, starting at day 4 after sponge insertion (day 3, day 6 a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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35

Werner, Christoph Daniel [Verfasser]. "Detomidin-, Ketamin-Anästhesie beim Hausschaf (Ovis aries) und Wildschaf (Ovis ammon musimon) : Auswirkungen auf Anästhesiequalität, Hämodynamik, Atemfunktion und Stoffwechsel / eingereicht von Christoph Daniel Werner." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2006. http://d-nb.info/978892143/34.

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36

Bazely, Dawn. "Foraging behaviour of sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing on swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d48c2508-a774-43b4-805b-9470971bd236.

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The grazing behaviour and diet selection of a vertebrate herbivore, the domestic sheep (ovis aries L.), feeding in patchy perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) monocultures was investigated. Heterogeneity or patchiness was created by manipulating (1) the nutritional content of ryegrass, (2) parameters of sward structure e.g. sward height, pseudostem and lamina length, and tiller density, and (3) brightness of ryegrass relative to the background sward. Patches were either fertilised turves transplanted into paddock swards or were created in situ by local fertilisation, trimming etc. The background sward was low in nitrogen (<1.0%N dry weight) compared with average ryegrass leys found on farms in British lowland areas. Sheep preferred to graze in transplanted patches of ryegrass. These patches were structurally similar to the background sward, but were higher in nitrogen content and digestibility as a result of fertilisation. Thus, sheep actively selected more nutritious ryegrass. There was a significant quantitative relationship between brightness and the nitrogen and water soluble carbohydrate content of ryegrass. Darker green ryegrass had a higher nitrogen content and lower water soluble carbohydrate content than lighter green ryegrass. It is suggested that sheep learned to use brightness as a cue in intra-specific forage selection. They had a high preference for short, dark green patches of similar height to the lighter green, background sward. Sheep also preferred to graze in tall patches of ryegrass (>10 cm taller than the background sward) regardless of their nutritional content or brightness relative to the background sward. It is likely that sheep use a multiplicity of physical cues associated with perennial ryegrass in diet selection. The interaction between structural and sward parameters and nutrition content of forage in influencing diet selection requires further investigation. In further experiments, an optimal foraging model, the marginal value theorem was used to make predictions about the behaviour of sheep grazing in monocultures containing highly preferred transplanted patches of tall, fertilised ryegrass. By manipulating the cost of travel between these good ryegrass patches and by detailed measurements of intake within patches by individual sheep, I was able to make quantitative predictions about the time spent grazing in each patch. Travel time and costs were increased by moving good patches further apart and by hobbling sheep to slow down their speed of movement. As predicted by the marginal value theorem, average time spent in a patch was positively correlated with average travel time between patches. For two sheep, the predicted and observed times spent in patches were statistically similar at low travel times, while at higher travel times, observed times were greater than predicted. For a third sheep, all observed times were greater than predicted. Thus overall, there was not a good quantitative fit between the model and the observed behaviour. While incorporation of the difference in the energetic cost of travel relative to that of grazing in a good patch into the model resulted in an increase in predicted optimal patch residence times, the fit between predicted and observed values was not significantly improved. Reasons for this difference between observed and predicted patch residence times are discussed. However, these experiments demonstrated that patch-use foraging models may be more useful than prey models in investigating grazing behaviour of vertebrate herbivores, and that travel time between patches of forage is a previously unidentified constraint of sheep grazing behaviour.

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Boshoff, Ninja Hettie. "The influence of genotype on sperm motility and sperm head morphometry of Merino (Ovis aries) sheep." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86301.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The application of assisted reproductive biotechnologies in sheep flocks is hampered by the susceptability of ovine sperm to cryodamage. There is still considerable scope in the improvement of cryopreservation protocols for ovine sperm to minimize the degree of damage to sperm during the cryopreservation process. Pre-cryopreservation processing has a definite effect on the survivability, motility, and fertilizing ability of sperm. Little information is however available on the potential contribution of the genetic make-up of rams, divergently selected for fecundity, on the ability of sperm to offer resistance to the damage caused by cooling, cryopreservation and thawing. The study aimed to investigate the influence of genetic selection for prolificacy (i.e. High Merino Line and Low Merino Line in terms of fecundity) on the ability of ovine sperm to offer resistance to cryodamage. The study investigated the effect of pre-cryopreservation processing by comparing motility and morphometry traits recorded for fresh- and post-thaw Merino ejaculated and epididymal sperm samples obtained form the High and Low lines, respectively. The effect of different sperm concentrations, equilibration periods and the addition or omission of seminal plasma from cryopreserved samples on the viability and morphometrical traits were also investigated. Ejaculate samples were collected by means of the artificial vagina (AV) method from 8 High Line rams and 7 Low Line rams. Epididymal samples were collected from 6 rams of each of the High and Low lines respectively, by recovering the epididymal sperm via aspiration from the cauda epididymides post mortem. Ejaculate samples were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, and epididymal samples only to microscopic evaluation, for which the Sperm Class Analyzer® program was used for the evaluation of motility and morphometric measurements. Sperm motility recordings were captured at 100 frames per second. From findings of the study, it was concluded that genotype had no positive influence on the conception rate of the ewes mated to the High or Low Line rams, even though the rams from the two lines differed significantly in terms of their serving capacity. When sperm morphometry was evaluated for fresh ejaculate samples, the two lines differed significantly in terms of the morphometric traits elongation and ellipticity. Epididymal and ejaculated sperm obtained from Low Line rams had broader and rounder heads, compared to sperm obtained from High Line rams. When morphometry was assessed for sperm samples between the two methods of sperm recovery (collected with an AV or recovery via aspiration from the cauda epididymides of sacrificed rams), no morphometrical differences were observed. Significant differences were reported for the majority of the sperm motility traits (i.e. percentage motile, rapid-, medium-, slow swimming, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), and amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH)) recorded for ejaculated and epididymal sperm. The motility traits ALH and beat-cross frequency (BCF) analysed for epididymal sperm differed significantly between the two lines. When epididymal sperm were evaluated post-thaw, it became evident that the sperm obtained from the High Line rams had a larger acrosome surface cover when compared to that of the Low Line ram sperm. The addition of seminal plasma to epididymal samples did not result in an improvement of the preservation of sperm motility. It is known from the literature that cryopreservation causes a decrease in sperm head size. Head width was unaffected by cryopreservation with the addition of seminal plasma in this study, indicating a potential benefit with the use of seminal plasma in the cryopreservation protocol of epididymal ram sperm. The study compared two pre-processing techniques, i.e. the more time consuming swim-up technique (SUT) with a more time-efficient ‘flush technique’ (FT) to optimize the pre-processing protocol for motility assessment of sperm samples before cryopreservation of ram sperm. Comparison of the SUT and FT indicated that almost all of the motility parameters measured using the FT compared favourably with those obtained using the SUT. The results indicated that the FT can be used a more time-efficient technique to use for determining the motility of a sperm sample prior to cryopreservation. In conclusion, line differences associated with reproduction were observed in terms of the serving capacity of the rams, with selection for fecundity influencing the morphometric traits elongation and ellipticity for sperm obtained from the two lines. Future studies should be aimed at investigating morphometric traits of ovine sperm, to correlate it with fertilizing ability of sperm post-thaw and ensure optimal cryopreservation processing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toepassing van ondersteunende reproduksie tegnieke in skaaptroppe word bemoeilik deur die onvermoë van ram sperme om weerstand teen bevriesingskade te bied. Daar is nog baie ruimte vir die verbetering van die bevriesingsprotokolle vir skaap sperm om die omvang van bevriesingskade te verminder. Voor-bevriesing verwerking het dan 'n besliste uitwerking op die oorlewing, beweeglikheid en bevrugtingsvermoë, van skaap sperme. Min inligting is beskikbaar oor die potensiële bydrae van die genetiese samestelling van ramme wat uiteenlopend op grond van vrugbaarheid geselekteer is, op die vermoë van skaap sperme om weerstand te bied teen die skade wat deur verkoeling, diepbevriesing en ontdooiing, veroorsaak word. Die doelwit van die studie was om die invloed van genetiese seleksie vir fekunditeit (d.i. Hoë Merino Lyn en Lae Merino Lyn in terme van fekunditeit) op die vermoë van skaap sperme om weerstand teen bevriesingskade te bied, te ondersoek. Die studie het getoets wat die bevriesing proses se effek op epididimale sperme is, deur sperm motiliteit en -morfometrie te vergelyk tussen vars gekollekteerde sperme en sperm monsters na ontdooiing. Die effek van verskillende sperm konsentrasies, ekwilibrasie tydperke en die byvoeging of uitsluiting van seminale plasma op die lewensvatbaarheid en morfometriese eienskappe van Merino ramsperme is ondersoek in die studie. Geëjakuleerde monsters is versamel met behulp van 'n kunsmatige vagina (AV) van 8 Hoë Lyn en 7 Lae Lyn ramme. Epididimale monsters is verkry van 6 ramme van elk van die Hoë en Lae Lyne, deur middel van aspirasie van die sperme uit die cauda epididimii nadoods. Geëjakuleerde sperm monsters is met behulp van makroskopiese en mikroskopiese metodes geëvalueer, en epididimale sperm monsters slegs mikroskopies geëvalueer, met behulp van die Sperm Class Analyzer® program wat vir die evaluasie van beweeglikheid en morfometriese afmetings gebruik is. Sperm beweeglikheids opnames is opgeneem teen 100 raampies per sekonde. Die resultate van die studie het aangedui dat genotipe geen effek het op besetting van die ooie gepaar met die Hoë of Lae Lyn ramme gehad het nie, terwyl die dekvermoë aansienlik tussen ramme van die twee lyne verskil het. Wanneer die morfometriese eienskappe van vars geëjakuleerde sperme vergelyk was, het die lyne beduidend in terme van die morfometriese eienskappe van verlenging (elongation) en elliptisiteit verskil het. Die epididimale en geëjakuleerde sperme verkry vanaf die Lae Lyn ramme het ŉ breër en ronder kopvorm getoon as sperme wat verkry is van die Hoë Lyn ramme. Wanneer die morfometriese eienskappe van sperme versamel met die twee verskillende metodes (d.i. kunsmatige vagina of aspirasie vanuit die cauda epididimides) vergelyk was, is geen morfometriese verskille waargeneem nie. Die meeste sperm beweeglikheidseienskappe (d.i. persentasie beweeglike, vinnig-, medium- en stadig-swemmende sperme, VCL, VSL, VAP en ALH) van geëjakuleerde en epididimale sperme het verskil. Die beweeglikheidseienskappe amplitude van die laterale verplasing van die spermkop (ALH) en frekwensie waarmee sperm sy eie pad kruis (BCF), soos bepaal vir epididimale sperme, het beduidend tussen die twee lyne verskil. Met die evaluering van epididimale sperme na ontdooiing was dit duidelik dat sperme verkry van die Hoë Lyn ramme 'n groter mate van akrosoom-oppervlak gehad het, in vergelyking met sperme van die Lae Lyn ramme. Die byvoeging van seminale plasma by epididimale monsters het nie bygedra tot 'n verbetering van spermbeweeglikheid nie. Bestaande literatuur dui aan dat diepbevriesing 'n afname in die kopgrootte van sperme veroorsaak. In hierdie studie het die byvoeging van seminale plasma ŉ verandering in kopgrootte voorkom, wat dui op ŉ potensiële voordeel om seminale plasma in die bevriesingsprotokol van epididimale ramsperme in te sluit. Die studie het twee beweeglikheid bepalingstegnieke vergelyk om te bepaal of die tydrowende “opswem” tegniek (SUT) vervang kan word met 'n meer tyd-doeltreffende "spoel tegniek” (FT) in die voorbevriesing verwerking protokolle van ram sperme. Vergelyking van die twee tegnieke het aangedui dat die meeste van die kinematiese eienskappe van die FT gunstig met die waardes soos verkry met die SUT, vergelyk het. Resultate het getoon dat die FT parameters goed vergelyk met die beweeglikheid parameters van die SUT, dus kan dit aangeneem word dat die FT ŉ meer tyd-doeltreffende tegniek is wat vergelykbare sperm beweeglikheidsinligting oor skaap sperm monsters voor bevriesing sal verskaf. In samevatting is verskille in terme van die dekvermoë en op morfometriese vlak, meer spesifiek die eienskappe van verlenging (elongation) en elliptisiteit, tussen die twee lyne waargeneem. In toekomstige studies moet die morfometriese eienskappe van skaapsperme verder bestudeer word, asook die korrelasie daarvan met die bevrugtingsvermoë na ontdooiing bepaal om sodoende die diepbevriesing protokolle van skaapsperme te optimaliseer.

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Romagnoli, Emiliana Manesco. "Dinâmica do microbioma ruminal de ovinos (Ovis aries) e sua relação com a degradação de biomassa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-07062016-171940/.

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Considerando a dieta como um fator modulador do microbioma ruminal, neste trabalho objetivou-se investigar o impacto do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar sobre a composição e funcionalidade das espécies microbianas residentes no rúmen de carneiros (Ovis aries). Foram utilizados seis animais machos fistulados de O. aries, dos quais três foram alimentados com uma dieta composta por 70% de volumoso e 30% de concentrado (tratamento controle) e outros três animais alimentados com uma dieta similar a anterior, mas com 14% do volumoso substituído por bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (tratamento bagaço). O conteúdo ruminal (líquido e fibra) foram amostrados quinzenalmente durante 60 dias. A partir dessas amostras foram acessadas a estrutura e a composição da comunidade microbiana pela extração de DNA total e amplificação das regiões V3 e V6-V7 do gene 16S rRNA bacteriano e a região intergênica fúngica (ITS2). Além disso, foram feitas análises metagenômicas e metatranscriptômicas de comunidade microbianas enriquecidas em fibra ruminal para identificar enzimas lignocelulolíticas expressas. As frações líquida e fibrosa do conteúdo ruminal de O. aries revelaram uma comunidade bacteriana dominada principalmente por Bacteroidetes e Firmicutes ao longo de todo período experimental. Dois gêneros, Prevotella e Ruminococcus representaram 20% e 4% da comunidade bacteriana ruminal, respectivamente. Para a comunidade fúngica o filo Neocallimastigomycota representou 91% das sequências e os principais gêneros deste filo foram Piromyces, Neocallimastix, Orpinomyces, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces e Cyllamyces aderidos a fibra ruminal. O gênero Caecomyces, foi significativamente mais abundante na fibra ruminal de animais que se alimentaram de bagaço de cana-de açúcar. Além disso, foi observado um aumento significativo na frequência de enzimas como, por exemplo, 1,4-α-glucano, α-galactosidase, endo 1,4-β-xilanase, β- xilosidase, xilose isomerase, celobiose fosforilase e α-N-arabinofuranosidase no tratamento com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Considerando que a recuperação de enzimas a partir de comunidades microbianas naturalmente selecionadas para a degradação de biomassa é uma estratégia promissora para superar a atual ineficiência da ação enzimática na produção industrial de biocombustíveis, os resultados deste trabalho representam a possibilidade de aumentar a capacidade de recuperação ou descoberta de enzimas a partir de ruminantes, ou ainda, a possibilidade de manipular a estrutura do microbioma do rúmen para usá-lo como fonte de inóculo enriquecido em processos industriais de degradação de biomassa.
Considering the diet as a modulator of ruminal microbiome, this work aimed to investigate the impact of sugarcane bagasse on the composition and function of microbial species residents in the sheep (Ovis aries) rumen. Six cannulated male animals were used in the experiment, where three individuals were fed on a diet consisting of 70% forage and 30% concentrate (control treatment), and three were fed on a similar diet, but with sugarcane bagasse replacing 14% of the forage portion (bagasse treatment). The ruminal content (i.e., liquid and fiber) were sampled every two weeks during 60 days. From these samples, the structure and composition of the microbial community were assessed by total DNA extraction and amplification of V3 and V6-V7 regions of 16S rRNA gene from bacteria and the fungal intergenic region (ITS2). Furthermore, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches were used to evaluate the enrichment of specific members of the microbial community in the ruminal fiber and genes related to lignocellulolytic enzymes. The liquid and fiber fractions of the O. aries rumen revealed a microbial community dominated mainly by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes throughout the experimental period. The genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus accounted for 20% and 4% of the bacterial community of rumen, respectively. In the fungal community, the phylum Neocallimastigomycota accounted for 91% of sequences and its main genera adhered on the ruminal fiber were Piromyces, Neocallimastix, Orpinomyces, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces and Cyllamyces. The genus Caecomyces was significantly more abundant in the ruminal fiber in animals fed on sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the frequency of enzymes, such as α-1,4-glucan, α-galactosidase, endo- 1,4-β-xylanase, β-xylosidase, xylose isomerase, cellobiose phosphorylase and α- Narabinofuranosidase in the bagasse treatment. Considering that the recovery of enzymes from ecosystems naturally evolved for degradation of biomass is a promising strategy to overcome the current inefficient enzymatic action in industrial production of biofuels, the results of this study bring great possibilities to increase the discovery and or recovery of enzymes from ruminants, as well as the possibility of the ruminal microbiome structure manipulation to be used as source of an enriched inoculum for biomass degradation in industrial processes.

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D?RIA, Phillipe Bauer de Ara?jo. "Esteriliza??o cir?rgica masculina minimamente invasiva com o emprego da criocirurgia em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1689.

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The current study aims to develop a minimally invasive surgical technique with the use of cryosurgery that provides sterilization of sheep for different purposes. It was used eighteen rams, half blood Santa In?s x Dorper, pubescent, with aged between 8 and 12 months and scrotal circumference greater than or equal to 25 cm, kept in confinement. The animals were weighed, clinical and hematological tests were done. By ultrasonographic, testes, epididymides and spermatic cords were evaluated and was made breeding soundness examination, serum testosterone dosage and libido test. After being considered suitable, were divided into two groups, with nine animals each group: TEST GROUP (TG) and CONTROL GROUP (CG). The surgical technique in TG consisted in the transfixing of the tail of the epididymis in the medial latero direction, with sterile and disposable hypodermic needle of 0.80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, is being coupled to a circuit composed of stainless steel adapter attached to a flexible rubber tube with 15 cm in length, diameter of 7,05mm and 4,50mm of lumen, connected to unit Cryogun CryAc, then receiving the application of two cycles of freeze / thaw, by time of 60 / 45 seconds respectively by repeating the procedure on the contralateral organ. In CG proceeded only epididymis tail transfixion as previously described, without cryosurgery, waiting for the same time interval as in TG. The animals were observed for a period of 33 days, repeating to the end of this stage all tests performed before surgery, followed by orchiectomy to obtain the testis, the epididymides and tunics for macroscopic and histological in stained laminas by hematoxylin and eosin observed in optical microscopy. Semen analysis performed at 33 days revealed azoospermia in six of the nine sheep allocated in TG which was not observed in CG sheep. The statistical analysis showed no significant changes in body weight, scrotal circumference and libido of TG animals. Serum testosterone measurements before and after the procedure in TG were within the curve. Ultrasonography in the TG showed no changes in the testicular parenchyma, however demonstrating changes in the shape and increased epididymal tail dimensions with heterogeneous echo texture and the presence of cystic cavities occupying a large area of the epididymis tail, with hypoechoic homogeneous content inside. Microscopy revealed changes in the testicles of eight TG animals as contracted seminiferous tubules, diffuse vacuolation of germ cells, absence of sperm cells in the lineage, reduction in sperm production and the presence of sperm cells dead. It was noted in the epididymal tail semen extravasation into the interstitial space, with the formation of spermatic granuloma, adjacent fibrosis, and the presence of large vacuoles with stasis of the sperm cells inside and thickening of the coats in some patients. It concludes that the proposed technique in TG is safe, fast, easy to perform, with low cost, minimally invasive and free of the occurrence of postoperative complications, providing sterilization of six of the nine sheep evaluated in the 33-day period.
O presente estudo visa o desenvolvimento de t?cnica cir?rgica minimamente invasiva com o emprego da criocirurgia que proporcione a esteriliza??o de carneiros para diferentes fins. Foram utilizados 18 ovinos, mesti?os Santa In?s x Dorper, machos, inteiros, p?beres, com idade entre 8 e 12 meses e circunfer?ncia escrotal maior ou igual a 25 cm, mantidos em confinamento. Os animais foram submetidos a pesagem, avalia??o cl?nica, hematol?gica, ultrassonografia de test?culo/epid?dimo e cord?o esperm?tico, exame androl?gico, dosagem de testosterona s?rica e teste de libido. Ap?s serem considerados aptos, foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, com nove animais cada, denominados GRUPO TESTE (GT) e GRUPO CONTROLE (GC). A t?cnica cir?rgica aplicada nos pacientes do (GT) consistiu da transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo com agulha hipod?rmica est?ril descart?vel 0,80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, no sentido latero medial, estando esta acoplada a um circuito composto por adaptador de a?o inox ligado um tubo de borracha flex?vel de 15cm de comprimento, 7,05mm de di?metro e l?men de 4,50mm, conectado a aparelho Cryogun CryAc, recebendo ent?o a aplica??o de dois ciclos de congelamento / descongelamento, pelo tempo de 60 segundos / 45 segundos respectivamente, repetindo-se o procedimento no ?rg?o contralateral. No GC procedeu-se apenas a transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo conforme descrito previamente, aguardando-se pelo mesmo intervalo de tempo que no GT, sem a realiza??o da criocirurgia. Os animais foram acompanhados por um per?odo de 33 dias, repetindo-se ao final desta etapa todos os exames realizados antes da interven??o cir?rgica, seguidos de orquiectomia para obten??o das pe?as contendo os test?culos, epid?dimos e t?nicas para avalia??o macrosc?pica e posterior an?lise histopatol?gica das l?minas coradas por Hematoxilina e Eosina em microscopia ?ptica. O espermograma realizado aos 33 dias revelou azoospermia em seis dos nove carneiros do GT, n?o tendo sido observado este quadro em nenhum dos ovinos do GC. As analises estat?sticas n?o evidenciaram altera??es significativas para peso corporal, per?metro escrotal e libido dos animais do GT. As dosagens de testosterona s?rica antes e ap?s a realiza??o da t?cnica proposta no GT situaram-se dentro da curva. O exame ultrassonogr?fico do GT n?o evidenciou altera??es no par?nquima testicular, demonstrando por?m altera??es na forma e aumento das dimens?es da cauda do epid?dimo, com ecotextura heterog?nea e a presen?a de cavidades c?sticas ocupando uma grande ?rea da cauda do epididimo, com conte?do homog?neo hipoec?ico em seu interior. A microscopia revelou altera??es nos test?culos em oito animais do GT com t?bulos semin?feros contra?dos, vacuoliza??o difusa de c?lulas germinativas, aus?ncia de c?lulas da linhagem esperm?tica, redu??o na produ??o de espermatozoides e presen?a de espermatozoides mortos, notou-se na cauda do epid?dimo o extravazamento de s?men para o interst?cio, com a forma??o de granuloma esperm?tico, fibrose adjacente, al?m da presen?a de grandes vac?olos com estase de espermatozoides no seu interior e espessamento das t?nicas em alguns pacientes. Conclu?mos que a t?cnica proposta no GT mostrou-se segura, r?pida, de f?cil execu??o, baixo custo, minimamente invasiva e isenta da ocorr?ncia de complica??es p?s-operat?rias, proporcionando a esteriliza??o de seis dos nove carneiros avaliados no per?odo de 33 dias.

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Pádua, Arlysson Campos de. "Contribuição ao estudo dos giros, sulcos e vascularização do encéfalo de ovino (Ovis aries, L., 1758)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15668.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2013.
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O ensino de neuroanatomia humana depende da obtenção de material anatômico, e a aquisição de peças de sistema nervoso é difícil. Para suprir essas necessidades vários pesquisadores vêm buscando modelos alternativos que possam ser utilizados no ensino formal de neuroanatomia humana. O ovino já é utilizado em pesquisas de cunho médico e vem superando expectativas como modelo biológico alternativo, porém, são escassas as informações sobre a anatomia encefálica desse animal. Este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer a descrição da anatomia encefálica e vascular do encéfalo do ovino. Para isto foram identificados e mensurados os 10 sulcos mais constantes na superfície encefálica de 15 espécimes, obtendo destes os valores médios em centímetros seguido do desvio padrão de cada sulco estudado. Nota-se com esse estudo que as circunvoluções encefálicas do ovino apresentam um padrão de fácil descrição podendo ser utilizado como modelo biológico alternativo no ensino de neuroanatomia. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The teaching of neuroanatomy depends on obtaining anatomical material, and the acquisition of part of the nervous system is difficult. To supply such needs several researchers have been searching of biological models which can be used in the formal teaching of neuroanatomy. The ovine is already used in medical research and nature has been surpassing expectations as an alternative biological model, but there is little information on brain anatomy of this animal. This study aimed to provide a description of the anatomy of the ovine brain. To this end, we identified and measured the sulci 10 more constant in brain surface area of 15 specimens, obtaining of these the average values and standard deviation of each furrow studied. Note with this study that the brain convolutions of ovine exhibit a pattern of easy description, and may be used as a biological model in the teaching of neuroanatomy.

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Rizzo, Huber. "Estudo da ocorrência e avaliação clínica de enfermidades do trato genital de ovinos (Ovis aries, Linnaeus, 1758) criados no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-06072012-114759/.

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A ovinocultura é um sistema de criação muito antigo em nosso país e ainda continua apresentando uma série de problemas que dificultam a produção econômica desses animais e necessitam de urgentes soluções. Visando minorar estes prejuízos esta pesquisa foi idealizada com o intuito de realizar um estudo minuncioso das principais enfermidades reprodutivas parasitárias e bacterianas. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao exame clínico geral e específico do sistema reprodutor e colheram-se amostras de soro, sêmen, abortamentos, lóquios, secreções, fezes e zaragatoa prepucial e vaginal dependendo da enfermidade a ser estudada. Não foi possível o isolamento nos fetos de nenhum agente etiológico. Conclui-se que a toxoplasmose é a enfermidade de maior importância nos rebanhos de estado de São Paulo e a de maior fator de risco em casos de abortamentos, a neosporose estaria relacionada principalmente com animais que apresentam repetição de cio, leptospirose foi observado em baixa titulação e a mais prevalente foi a Leptospira australis sorovar australis proveniente de animais silvestres, a campilobacteriose e a brucelose são as duas enfermidades da reprodução com menor ocorrência no estado. Foi isolado o primeiro caso de endometrite no Brasil por Histophilus somni. Foi isolado o primeiro caso de orquite por Actinobacillus seminis no estado de São Paulo.
Sheep industry is a traditional system in Brazil and presents a series of issues that complicate economical exploitation and urgently need solution. In order to reduce losses this research was idealized to carefully study the major bacterial and parasitary reproductive diseases. All animals were submitted to a general and specific reproductive system clinical examination. Blood, semen, abortions, lochia, vaginal discharges, feces, and preputial/vaginal swabs were collected according to the studied disease. It was not possible to isolate any etiological agent from aborted fetuses. The conclusion was that toxoplasmosis was the major disease on São Paulo herds and has the biggest risk factor in abortions, neosporosis would be related to animals that present heat repetition, leptospirosis was observed with low antibodies titles and the most prevalent was Leptospira australis sorovar australis arising from wild animals, campilobacteriosis and brucellosis are both the reproductive diseases with the lowest occurrence in the state. The first endometritis case caused by Histophilus somni. In Brazil was isolated. The first orchitis case caused by Actinobacillus seminis in São Paulo state was isolated.

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42

Langen, Norbert Wilfried [Verfasser]. "Darstellung der Morphologie des Zentralnervensystems beim Schaf (Ovis aries) mit der Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie / Norbert Wilfried Langen." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068590327/34.

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43

Maciel, Willian Giquelin [UNESP]. "Prevalência de nematódeos em ovinos (Ovis aries) pertencentes a diferentes microrregiões do estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122076.

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O Brasil está aumentando gradativamente a produção ovina, com incentivos da iniciativa governamental e privada, cujos investimentos formalizam agronegócios de ponta, com novas técnicas, melhores preços no mercado, integrando a unificação de produtores e cooperativas para produção em maior escala. Um dos grandes problemas na ovinocultura trata-se das nematodioses, que assim como na bovinocultura, são responsáveis por grandes perdas na produção, constituindo-se no principal entrave ao desenvolvimento, gerando prejuízos econômicos, além de dispêndio com a utilização de antiparasitários. O conhecimento das espécies helmínticas mais incidentes em uma determinada região, auxilia no manejo e na prática do seu controle, minimizando os prejuízos. Neste experimento, investigou-se a prevalência, por meio da quantificação, e identificação das principais espécies helmínticas de ovinos nas microrregiões próximas de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados 66 animais naturalmente infectados, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre quatro e 36 meses, criados em regime extensivo, apresentando exame de contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) acima de 800. Os animais foram necropsiados e os helmintos recolhidos, sendo quantificadas e identificados por meio de microscopia de luz. Os resultados revelaram a presença de sete gêneros e 12 espécies, com a seguinte prevalência e média parasitária: Haemonchus contortus: 100,00% (2.947,20); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90,90% (3.048,82); Cooperia curticei: 56,06% (256,52); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48,48% (36,00); Cooperia punctata: 30,30% (94,53); Trichostrongylus axei: 22,72% (26,56); Strongyloides papillosus: 19,69% (83,09); Haemonchus contortus, forma imaturas (L4): 7,58% (17,29); Cooperia pectinata: 10,60% (12,97); Trichuris ovis: 10,60% (0,67); Cooperia spatulata 4,54% (0,35); Capillaria bovis: 4,54% (0,09). A carga parasitária média foi ...
Brazilian sheep production is gradually increasing, with incentives from governmental and private initiatives, whose investments formalize top agribusiness, with new techniques, better prices on the market, integrating unification of producers and cooperatives for larger production scales. One of the major problems sheep breeding faces are nematode infections that, similar to what happens in cattle breeding, are responsible for severe production loss, being the main obstacle for development, as well as high expenses for acquisition of antiparasitic products. Knowledge of helminthic species with higher incidence in a determinate region helps handling and control practices, minimizing economic losses. The present study investigated prevalence, by means of quantification, and identified the main species of helminthes parasitizing sheep from micro regions near the city of Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Southeast region of Brazil. To achieve this, 66 naturally infected animals were selected, both males and females with ages ranging between four and 36 months, created in extensive regimens and presenting counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) superior to 800. All animals were necropsied and parasites were collected, being quantified and identified with the aid of optical microscopy. Results revealed presence of seven genres and 12 species, with the following prevalence and parasitic averages: Haemonchus contortus: 100.00% (2,947.20); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90.90% (3,048.82); Cooperia curticei: 56.06% (256.52); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48.48% (36.00); Cooperia punctata: 30.30% (94.53); Trichostrongylus axei: 22.72% (26.56); Strongyloides papillosus: 19.69% (83.09); Haemonchus contortus immature forms (L4): 7.58% (17.29); Cooperia pectinata: 10.60% (12.97); Trichuris ovis: 10.60% (0.67); Cooperia spatulata 4.54% (0.35); Capillaria bovis: 4.54% (0.09). Average parasite burden was 6,524.77 helminthes per animal. Haemonchus ...

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44

Fleming, Peter J. S., and n/a. "Relationships between feral goats (Capra hircus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with reference to exotic disease transmission." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050714.142151.

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Merino sheep are the most numerous domestic livestock in Australia and feral goats are wide-spread and locally abundant in many of the regions where sheep are grazed. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of ungulates that causes severe economic hardship to countries where outbreaks occur or where it has become endemic. In India, Africa, Greece and recently the United Kingdom and Eire, sheep and goats have been implicated in the spread and maintenance of FMD. In Australia, there are contingency plans (AUSVETPLANS) for dealing with an outbreak of FMD. Included in those plans are strategies for control of the disease in feral ungulates including feral pigs and feral goats. Modelling has provided assistance in developing strategies to combat outbreaks in feral pigs and for controlling outbreaks in domestic livestock. No models have been constructed to aid decisions about controlling FMD in feral goats where they co-occur with merino sheep. In Australia, the greatest densities of free-ranging feral goats and domestic livestock occur in the high rainfall zone (> 500 mm mean annual rainfall) along the eastern tablelands and adjacent slopes of the Great Dividing Range. Previous studies of feral goat biology, population dynamics and behaviour in Australia have concentrated on arid and semi-arid zones or on islands. Interactions between free ranging feral goats and merino sheep have not previously been studied in the high rainfall zone. My study investigated the ecological and behavioural characteristics of feral goats and their interactions with sympatric merino sheep at a high rainfall site in central eastern New South Wales. The population dynamics, biological and behavioural parameters of feral goats and sheep were then used to model FMD in such an environment. Deterministic temporal models and a new spatial stochastic model were used. Of particular interest were the rates of contact within and between subgroups of feral goats (termed herds and mobs), within and between subgroups of merino sheep (termed flocks and mobs), and between subgroups of the two species. Feral goats at the study site were found to be numerous (mean density = 34.94 goats km-2, from aerial surveys), in good condition, fecund and had high adult survival and low annual adult mortality (survival= 0.81�1.00) in the absence of harvesting and hunting. They had an observed instantaneous rate of increase of 0.112 per year. Annual rate of increase was similar to other sites in Australia without sustained harvesting pressure. Home ranges were small for both males (3.754 km², s.e. = 0.232, n = 116 goats) and females (2.369 km², s.e. = 0.088, n = 241 goats). From this and other Australasian studies, an inverse power function was found to be an excellent descriptor of the relationship between mean annual rainfall and female home range size. A resource selection function was fitted in a geographic information system to observational data of feral goats. The habitat selection of feral goats included a preference for wooded vegetation on eastern and north eastern aspects at higher elevations. The resource selection function was also used to set the probabilities of occurrence of feral goats in 1 ha areas of the landscape and these probabilities were used to generate heterogeneity in a spatial model of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) transmission. Daily per capita contact rates were estimated from observed contacts in the field where a contact between individuals was recognised when one approached within 1 body length ([approx] 1m) of another. The contacts between feral goats within herds were frequent and occurred at a rate of 6.96 (s.e. = 1.27) goat�goat contacts day-1. Sheep to sheep contacts were slightly less frequent (4.22 sheep�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.65) but both estimates were most likely negatively biased because of observer errors in estimating the number of individual animals coming in contact with observation subject (focal) animals. Contacts between herds of feral goats were not common and those between adjacent populations were fewer than 1 per year. In sheep, flock to flock contact was largely governed by husbandry practices and occurred at a mean daily rate of 0.0014 flock�flock contacts. Contacts between sheep and feral goats were less frequent but nonetheless common (2.82 goat�sheep contacts day-1, s.e. = 0.40). In feral goats the size of the mob in which focal goats were observed was found to be the most important factor in determining contact rates between individuals and a counter-intuitive inverse relationship was identified. Contacts were heterogeneous and density was not an important determinant of contact rates implying that, because of the uniformly high densities at the site, saturation had occurred. The temporal models of FMDV transmission showed that the rate of contact within and between species was such that FMD was predicted to spread rapidly throughout an infected herd or flock. Control strategies of intense culling of feral goats at the population level were predicted to allow the disease to persist at low prevalence, with a small peak corresponding to the annual lambing pulse in sheep. However, the same level of control (>90% reduction) at the herd level was predicted to eliminate FMD and allow the safe reintroduction of sheep. Extreme control that left very small groups (<3 individuals) may be counter productive because such small groups are likely to join the reintroduced sheep in an effort by the goats to meet gregarious urges. The spatial model was more reassuring. It predicted that FMD would die out in a mixed sheep and feral goat population in less than 90 days because of the low rate of herd to herd contact and herd to flock contact. For similar environments, the contingency planning consequences are that an outbreak of FMD introduced into feral goats from sympatric sheep is likely to be containable by removing all the sheep, determining the extent and likely range of the feral goats, then removing a substantial proportion of or eradicating each herd. Feral goats, being relatively sedentary, are unlikely to spread to adjacent populations and the disease will die out through lack of contact between herds and populations. Because feral goat home ranges overlap and are centred on one or two small catchments, a containment ring of feral goat control, set to encompass the home range of a target herd and that of adjacent herds, should be adequate to limit spread of FMD.

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45

Maciel, Willian Giquelin. "Prevalência de nematódeos em ovinos (Ovis aries) pertencentes a diferentes microrregiões do estado de São Paulo, Brasil /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122076.

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Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Marcos Rogério André
Banca: Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
Resumo: O Brasil está aumentando gradativamente a produção ovina, com incentivos da iniciativa governamental e privada, cujos investimentos formalizam agronegócios de ponta, com novas técnicas, melhores preços no mercado, integrando a unificação de produtores e cooperativas para produção em maior escala. Um dos grandes problemas na ovinocultura trata-se das nematodioses, que assim como na bovinocultura, são responsáveis por grandes perdas na produção, constituindo-se no principal entrave ao desenvolvimento, gerando prejuízos econômicos, além de dispêndio com a utilização de antiparasitários. O conhecimento das espécies helmínticas mais incidentes em uma determinada região, auxilia no manejo e na prática do seu controle, minimizando os prejuízos. Neste experimento, investigou-se a prevalência, por meio da quantificação, e identificação das principais espécies helmínticas de ovinos nas microrregiões próximas de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizados 66 animais naturalmente infectados, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre quatro e 36 meses, criados em regime extensivo, apresentando exame de contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) acima de 800. Os animais foram necropsiados e os helmintos recolhidos, sendo quantificadas e identificados por meio de microscopia de luz. Os resultados revelaram a presença de sete gêneros e 12 espécies, com a seguinte prevalência e média parasitária: Haemonchus contortus: 100,00% (2.947,20); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90,90% (3.048,82); Cooperia curticei: 56,06% (256,52); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48,48% (36,00); Cooperia punctata: 30,30% (94,53); Trichostrongylus axei: 22,72% (26,56); Strongyloides papillosus: 19,69% (83,09); Haemonchus contortus, forma imaturas (L4): 7,58% (17,29); Cooperia pectinata: 10,60% (12,97); Trichuris ovis: 10,60% (0,67); Cooperia spatulata 4,54% (0,35); Capillaria bovis: 4,54% (0,09). A carga parasitária média foi ...
Abstract: Brazilian sheep production is gradually increasing, with incentives from governmental and private initiatives, whose investments formalize top agribusiness, with new techniques, better prices on the market, integrating unification of producers and cooperatives for larger production scales. One of the major problems sheep breeding faces are nematode infections that, similar to what happens in cattle breeding, are responsible for severe production loss, being the main obstacle for development, as well as high expenses for acquisition of antiparasitic products. Knowledge of helminthic species with higher incidence in a determinate region helps handling and control practices, minimizing economic losses. The present study investigated prevalence, by means of quantification, and identified the main species of helminthes parasitizing sheep from micro regions near the city of Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Southeast region of Brazil. To achieve this, 66 naturally infected animals were selected, both males and females with ages ranging between four and 36 months, created in extensive regimens and presenting counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) superior to 800. All animals were necropsied and parasites were collected, being quantified and identified with the aid of optical microscopy. Results revealed presence of seven genres and 12 species, with the following prevalence and parasitic averages: Haemonchus contortus: 100.00% (2,947.20); Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 90.90% (3,048.82); Cooperia curticei: 56.06% (256.52); Oesophagostomum columbianum: 48.48% (36.00); Cooperia punctata: 30.30% (94.53); Trichostrongylus axei: 22.72% (26.56); Strongyloides papillosus: 19.69% (83.09); Haemonchus contortus immature forms (L4): 7.58% (17.29); Cooperia pectinata: 10.60% (12.97); Trichuris ovis: 10.60% (0.67); Cooperia spatulata 4.54% (0.35); Capillaria bovis: 4.54% (0.09). Average parasite burden was 6,524.77 helminthes per animal. Haemonchus ...
Mestre

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46

Amevigbe, Dotse Dzabli Martin. "Les anticorps anti-cérébrosides au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine et expérimentale du mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMOA101.

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47

Ramseyer, Amandine. "Les mécanismes collectifs de décision dans les déplacements de groupe chez trois espèces domestiques : oies (Anser domesticus), ovins (Ovis aries) et bovins (Bos taurus)." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6030.

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Les animaux vivant en groupes doivent arriver à un consensus afin de se déplacer et d’exploiter leur environnement tout en conservant leur cohésion sociale. J’ai étudié les processus collectifs de décision dans le contexte des déplacements chez trois groupes d'animaux appartenant à des espèces domestiques : les oies grises (Anser domesticus), les agnelles de race Romane (Ovis aries) et les génisses de race Charolais (Bos taurus). Les résultats montrent qu’il est possible de prédire la direction et le moment du départ d’un groupe à partir de la distribution spatiale des animaux avant départ et de l'élévation de leur niveau d'activité. Le processus de décision apparaît distribué entre les membres du groupe. Il est également distribué dans le temps, en ce sens que le nombre de participants au déplacement est déterminé par des facteurs intervenant aussi bien au cours de la phase avant départ, que lors du départ et après le départ. Dans les trois groupes étudiés, le processus de décision repose à la fois sur des mécanismes simples comme le comportement allélomimétique et des mécanismes plus élaborés qui mettent en jeu les relations sociales entre les membres du groupe. Les processus de recrutement apparaissent plus simples chez les oies où ils sont fondés en majeure partie sur la distribution spatiale des individus, alors que les relations sociales jouent un rôle plus important dans les deux autres espèces. On peut rendre compte de la structure du groupe en déplacement et des positions des individus à partir de des relations d'affinité entre individus et de leurs traits de tempérament. Par ailleurs, l’existence de comportements coercitifs chez les ovins et les bovins indique qu'ils peuvent entraîner leurs congénères de manière intentionnelle. La compréhension des facteurs qui gouvernent la prise collective de décision chez les animaux domestiques doit permettre une meilleure optimisation de l’exploitation des ressources de l’environnement par les troupeaux
Group-living animals have to reach consensus decisions to travel and exploit their environment whilst retaining social cohesion. I studied collective decision processes in the context of movements in three groups of domestic animals: greylag geese (Anser domesticus), Romane ewe-lambs (Ovis aries) and Charolais heifers (Bos taurus). Results show that we can predict the direction and departure time of a group movement from the spatial distribution and activity rates of individuals before departure. The decision process is distributed between group members. It is also time-distributed since the number of individuals taking part in the group movement depends on factors observed in the periods before, during and after departure time. In the three groups studied, decision-making is based on simple mechanisms such as allelomimetic behaviours and more elaborated processes involving social relationships between group members. Recruitment mechanisms appear simpler in geese, where they are primarily related to the spatial distribution of animals, whereas social relationships play a more important role in sheep and cattle. Group order during movement may be accounted by affinitive relationships between individuals and their temperament traits. Besides, the occurrence of coercive behaviours in sheep and cattle indicates their ability to intentionally recruit their conspecifics. The understanding of factors prompting collective processes of decision-making in domestic animals should lead to a better optimization and exploitation of food resources by flocks and herds

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Ramseyer, Amandine Thierry Bernard Dumont Bertrand. "Les mécanismes collectifs de décision dans les déplacements de groupe chez trois espèces domestiques oies (Anser domesticus), ovins (Ovis aries) et bovins (Bos taurus) /." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1126/01/RAMSEYER_Amandine_2009_restrict.pdf.

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Thèse de doctorat : Physiologie et biologie des organismes et des populations, Ethologie : Strasbourg : 2009.
Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 20 p.

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49

Réale, Denis. "Effets des contraintes environnementales sur la reproduction des femelles de deux populations d'ovins, le mouflon (Ovis musimon) et le mouton (Ovis aries), introduits dans l'archipel de Kerguelen." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10123.

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La distribution et la disponibilité des ressources trophiques exercent de nombreuses contraintes sur la reproduction des mammifères et des oiseaux et génèrent de multiples reponses, écologiques ou évolutives. Sur ce thème, plusieurs facettes de la reproduction des femelles de deux populations d'ovins, le mouflon (ovis musimon) et le mouton (ovis aries), introduits dans l'archipel subantarctique de Kerguelen, sont analysées. Pour la première population, les ressources alimentaires fluctuent de facon drastique selon les années, en relation avec une démographie cyclique catastrophique. La seconde connait une démographie stable et dépend essentiellement des variations saisonnières de la végétation. Lors de la parturition, les femelles mouflons recherchent des zones abritées des vents et évitent les groupes de grande taille, mais s'isolent peu en comparaison d'autres ovins. La densité de population ne modifie pas ce comportement. La situation particulière de l'ile qui les contraint a regagner les groupes très rapidement apres la parturition, favoriserait la possibilité de rapts d'agneaux. A forte densité, lorsque les ressources se raréfient, les soins maternels a Kerguelen sont médiocres comparativement a ce que l'on observe dans deux populations européennes. Par ailleurs, la dynamique des relations mère-jeune, etudiée pendant trois années consécutives en situation contrastée, montre que les mauvaises conditions de milieu et des mères sont associées a un sevrage précoce et à un conflit mère-jeune marqué. Ces facteurs ont pour conséquence une forte mortalité néonatale, ainsi que des modifications ontogénétiques des agneaux. En revanche, la dépense maternelle s'accroit dès que les conditions de milieu s'améliorent, suggérant un ajustement instantané des soins maternels chez ces ovins. Chez les moutons, la principale période de naissances a lieu durant l'hiver. Elle résulte de modifications du cycle reproducteur suite à la domestication les œstrus se produisant pendant une grande partie de l'année combinées a la moindre fertilité des femelles en hiver, en raison de leur mauvaise condition physique. Ainsi, l'essentiel des brebis sont fecondées en été et mettent bas l'hiver suivant. Les agneaux nés au cours de l'hiver montrent une croissance neonatale et une survie réduites, comparées aux agneaux d'été. Toutefois, les survivants de la cohorte d'hiver bénéficient d'une croissance compensatoire leur permettant d'atteindre a un an un gabarit supérieur aux agneaux d'été. La distribution temporelle des œstrus ainsi que la grande taille du troupeau provoquent un déséquilibre de sex-ratio operationnelle en faveur des mâles qui favorise l'apparition du harcèlement sexuel lors du rut. Ce phénomene induit une mortalité de femelles en été. Des hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer l'existence d'une démographie cyclique catastrophique chez le mouflon et son absence chez le mouton

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Tapio, M. (Miika). "Origin and maintenance of genetic diversity in northern European sheep." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282353.

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Abstract The Nordic and Baltic countries and North-western Russia have >20 old native sheep breeds. These together with recently synthesized breeds and local populations of international breeds make up the northern European sheep diversity. Changes in agriculture threaten to erode genetic diversity in sheep. Molecular genetic variation was assessed to understand genetic diversity in northern European sheep. Distribution of maternal lineages were studied based on mitochondrial control region variation in 76 sheep breeds in northern Europe and in a wide neighbouring area extending to the Caucasus and Central-Asia. Autosomal microsatellite variation was studied in 37 northern European breeds, and autosomal blood protein variation was studied in six Finnish and Russian breeds. Four distinct maternal lineages were observed in Eurasian sheep. Their distribution agrees with sheep expansion starting from the Near East. Two most common distinct lineages were recorded in northern Europe. Majority of northern sheep have the lineage, which predominates in other parts of Europe. Results suggest that the main maternal origin of northern sheep is in the south. However, rare "Asian" lineage was observed in several old northern European breeds. The rare type in the Nordic sheep is descendant to the type observed in the Middle Volga region, which suggest that some sheep were brought to northern Europe from the east. Microsatellites showed clustering of geographically neighbouring sheep, when breed locations are corrected for the recent transportations. The analysis separated long and short-tailed sheep, although this macroscale structure explains a small proportion of breed differences. Differentiation among the northern European breeds is stronger than typically observed in sheep. Many native breeds are less inbred than the local populations of the international breeds, but some rare breeds and subpopulations of divided unofficial strains were inbred. Some breeds require more careful maintenance due to recent population size reduction. Maintaining prolificacy in breeds such as the Finnsheep and the Romanov may require efficient avoidance of inbreeding. The breeds were ranked for conservation using simultaneously within-breed variation and breed divergence. Set of important breeds included seven rare old native breeds or strains which merit efficient conservation measures urgently.

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