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Journal articles on the topic 'Ovine'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Bamba, S., Bernard Faye, Z. Tarnagda, N. Boly, T. Guiguemdé, and I. Villena. "Séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez les ovins à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 65, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2012): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10124.

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Une enquête de séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose ovine a été effectuée à Bobo-Dioulasso en 2010. L’objectif de l’étude a été d’évaluer la séroprévalence de la toxoplasmose chez les ovins afin de mieux estimer le risque potentiel que représente leur viande chez les consommateurs. Le test d’agglutination modifié a été utilisé pour le diagnostic sérologique et a révélé une séroprévalence de 58,8 p. 100 (227/386 ; IC à 95 p. 100 : 53,7 - 63,7 p. 100). L’augmentation de la prévalence a été corrélée à l’âge et au sexe (plus importante chez les mâles). Ces résultats indiquent que les toxoplasmes circulent dans le cheptel ovin à Bobo-Dioulasso. L’isolement de T. gondii chez les ovins avec une caractérisation moléculaire des isolats serait nécessaire pour évaluer le risque de la toxoplasmose ovine en santé humaine.

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2

Gazal, S., I. Mir, A. Iqbal, No author No author, A. Taku, B. Kumar, and M. Bhat. "Ovine rotaviruses." Open Veterinary Journal 5, no. 2 (2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2011.v1.i0.p50.

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Rotavirus has been recognized as a predominant cause of acute diarrhea in young animals and humans. Rotavirus has segmented genome composed of 11 segments of double stranded RNA. The virus has a triple layered protein shell consisting of a core, an inner capsid and an outer capsid. The inner capsid protein is responsible for group specificity and based on it rotaviruses are classified into seven groups. Ovine rotavirus strains have only been identified into two serogroups (A and B). The two outer capsid proteins (VP7 and VP4) are responsible for G and P typing of rotavirus, respectively. Although rotavirus has been frequently reported in many animal species, data regarding ovine rotavirus strains is very scanty and limited. Only a few ovine rotaviruses have been isolated and characterized so far. Recently, the G and P types circulating in ovines have been identified. The ovine rotavirus strain NT isolated from a diarrheic lamb in China is being considered as a promising vaccine candidate for human infants.

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3

Mies Filho, A. "L’élevage ovin et l’insémination artificielle ovine au Brésil." Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France, no. 1 (1989): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/64618.

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4

Scott, Phil. "Ovine footrot." Livestock 17, no. 3 (May 2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2012.00114.x.

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5

Scott, C., and N. McKinnon. "Ovine urolithiasis." Veterinary Record 116, no. 18 (May 4, 1985): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.116.18.504.

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6

Blowey, R. "Ovine iritis." Veterinary Record 132, no. 17 (April 24, 1993): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.132.17.444.

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7

Bee, D. "Ovine iritis." Veterinary Record 132, no. 8 (February 20, 1993): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.132.8.200.

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8

RAMSHAW, J. A. M., D. E. PETERS, L. N. JONES, R. T. BADMAN, and B. B. BRODSKY. "Ovine dermatosparaxis." Australian Veterinary Journal 60, no. 5 (March 10, 2008): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb05931.x.

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9

INNES, ELISABETH A., PAUL M. BARTLEY, DAVID BUXTON, and FRANK KATZER. "Ovine toxoplasmosis." Parasitology 136, no. 14 (December 2009): 1887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991636.

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SUMMARYCongenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of abortion in sheep worldwide. The cat is the definitive host of the parasite, and infected cats may shed millions of oocysts in their faeces resulting in extensive environmental contamination and an important source of infection for grazing herbivorous animals. Studies looking at development of specific antibodies in sheep, as an indicator of exposure to T. gondii, have shown that there is an increase in seroprevalence associated with age indicating that most infections in sheep occur following birth. The stage of gestation when transplacental transmission of T. gondii to the developing foetus occurs is critical in determining the clinical outcome. The importance of endogenous transplacental transmission in persistently infected ewes and its clinical importance is a subject of current debate. Ewes infected prior to mating develop immune responses that help protect against disease in a subsequent pregnancy and also against experimental challenge administered during pregnancy. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated following T. gondii infection and experiments involving the chronic cannulation of peripheral lymph nodes in sheep have allowed the dynamics of the immune responses to be analysed in real time. A live vaccine, Toxovax® is the only commercially available vaccine worldwide to protect against congenital toxoplasmosis.

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10

Valasi, I., I. G. Petridis, M. S. Barbagianni, and G. C. Fthenakis. "Ovine ultrasonography." Small Ruminant Research 152 (July 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.001.

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11

Brugère-Picoux, J. "Ovine listeriosis." Small Ruminant Research 76, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.022.

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12

O'Rourke, Katherine I. "Ovine Scrapie." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 17, no. 2 (July 2001): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30029-3.

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13

Gatti, Antonio, Angela Rosa Alvarez, Daniel Araya, Sergio Mancini, Eduardo Herrero, Graciela Santillan, and Edmundo Larrieu. "Ovine echinococcosis." Veterinary Parasitology 143, no. 2 (January 2007): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.022.

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14

Wilhelmi, Mathias H., Andreas Tiede, Omke E. Teebken, Theodosios Bisdas, Axel Haverich, and Reinhard Mischke. "Ovine Blood." ASAIO Journal 58, no. 1 (2012): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mat.0b013e31823a5414.

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15

Harden, Nathan. "Ovine Studies." Academic Questions 28, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-015-9494-z.

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16

Kumari, G. Deepika, R. N. Ramani Pushpa, B. Deepthi, and G. Bharathi. "Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis in India." Indian Journal of Agriculture Business 2, no. 2 (2016): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijab.2454.7964.2216.4.

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17

Thackray, Alana M., Lee Hopkins, Richard Lockey, John Spiropoulos, and Raymond Bujdoso. "Emergence of multiple prion strains from single isolates of ovine scrapie." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.028886-0.

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The infectious agent associated with prion diseases such as ovine scrapie shows strain diversity. Ovine prion strains have typically been identified by their transmission properties in wild-type mice. However, strain typing of ovine scrapie isolates in wild-type mice may not reveal properties of the infectious prion agent as they exist in the original host. This could be circumvented if ovine scrapie isolates are passaged in ovine prion protein (PrP)-transgenic mice. This study used incubation time, lesion profile, immunohistochemistry of the disease-associated PrP (PrPSc) and molecular profile to compare the range of ovine prion strains that emerged from sheep scrapie isolates following serial passage in wild-type and ovine PrP transgenic mice. It was found that a diverse range of ovine prion strains emerged from homozygous ARQ and VRQ scrapie isolates passaged in wild-type and ovine PrP transgenic mice. However, strain-specific PrPSc deposition and PrP27–30 molecular profile patterns were identified in ovine PrP transgenic mice that were not detected in wild-type mice. Significantly, it was established that the individual mouse brain selected for transmission during prion strain typing had a significant influence on strain definition. Serial passage of short- and long-incubation-time animals from the same group of scrapie-inoculated mice revealed different prion strain phenotypes. These observations are consistent with the possibility that some scrapie isolates contain more than one prion strain.

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18

Dodson, M. V., B. A. Mathison, and K. L. Hossner. "Interaction of ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I and IGF-I with specific IGF-I receptors on cultured muscle-derived fibroblasts." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 2 (October 1987): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160186.

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Abstract. Binding of 125I-insulin-like growth factor-I and 125I-ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I to monolayer cultures of muscle-derived ovine fibroblasts is described. Preliminary competitive binding experiments indicate that ovine fibroblasts possess independent cell surface receptors for IGF-I. Affinity of rIGF-II for IGF-I binding sites is minimal; rIGF-II binds to Type I IGF receptors at 1/1000 the strength of IGF-I. Insulin binds to the Type I IGF receptor at 1/100 the strength of IGF-I, whereas ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I displays equivalent IGF-I binding as evidenced by overlapping competition of ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I for 125IIGF-I binding sites. Results from disuccinimidyl suberate cross-linking of 125I-IGF-I to muscle-derived ovine fibroblasts in the presence of related polypeptides verified the competitive binding data. Under reducing conditions, 125I-IGF-I: receptor complexes migrated to a relative molecular weight of approximately 135 000 daltons. Specific 125I-IGF-I binding was completely inhibited by 10−8 mol/l IGF-I, 7.2 × 10−8 mol/l ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I, and 10−6 mol/l insulin and partially inhibited by 7.2 × 10−9 mol/l ovine somatomedinC/IGF-I and 6.5 × 10−8 mol/l rIGF-II. 125I-ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I: receptor complexes also migrated at a relative molecular weight of 135 000 daltons. No migratory band was observed at 250 000 to 260 000 daltons with either 125I-IGF-I or 125I-ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I indicating that little labelled moiety bound to the Type II IGF receptor. Based on these preliminary competitive binding studies and cross-linking data, we conclude that ovine somatomedin-C/IGF-I is primarily interacting with the Type I IGF membrane receptor on ovine skeletal muscle fibroblasts.

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19

Yarney, T. A., and M. R. Sairam. "Differences in properties of the sheep testicular LH and FSH receptors." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 6, no. 3 (June 1991): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0060291.

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ABSTRACT Differences in binding and structural properties of ovine testicular FSH and LH receptors were investigated. The ovine FSH receptor did not discriminate between FSH of different species, although equine FSH was more reactive. In the same tissue, however, the LH receptor showed marked preference for ovine and bovine LH, reacting very weakly with other preparations of pituitary LH. Human chorionic gonadotrophin also reacted partly with the ovine LH receptor at 25 °C. However, at 4 °C. the optimum temperature for binding of the LH receptor to its homologous hormone, the receptor displayed no recognition for chorionic gonadotrophin preparations. Affinity cross-linking studies with ovine testicular membrane suggested that the ovine FSH receptor has an Mr of 70 000, which is very similar to that observed in the porcine ovary. The Mr of the ovine LH receptor was estimated to be 150 000, which is different from those of other mammalian species, including those that have been cloned. The data suggest that the binding and structural properties of the ovine FSH receptor are similar to those of other mammalian FSH receptors, whereas the ovine LH receptor appears to differ from other mammalian LH receptors in having a different Mr and in being more stringent in its requirement for pituitary LH.

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20

Thackray, Alana M., Farooq Muhammad, Chang Zhang, Ying Di, Thomas R. Jahn, Matthias Landgraf, Damian C. Crowther, Jan Felix Evers, and Raymond Bujdoso. "Ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila show reduced locomotor activity and decreased survival." Biochemical Journal 444, no. 3 (May 29, 2012): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20112141.

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Drosophila have emerged as a model system to study mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we have generated Drosophila transgenic for ovine PrP (prion protein) to begin to establish an invertebrate model of ovine prion disease. We generated Drosophila transgenic for polymorphic variants of ovine PrP by PhiC31 site-specific germ-line transformation under expression control by the bi-partite GAL4/UAS (upstream activating sequence) system. Site-specific transgene insertion in the fly genome allowed us to test the hypothesis that single amino acid codon changes in ovine PrP modulate prion protein levels and the phenotype of the fly when expressed in the Drosophila nervous system. The Arg154 ovine PrP variants showed higher levels of PrP expression in neuronal cell bodies and insoluble PrP conformer than did His154 variants. High levels of ovine PrP expression in Drosophila were associated with phenotypic effects, including reduced locomotor activity and decreased survival. Significantly, the present study highlights a critical role for helix-1 in the formation of distinct conformers of ovine PrP, since expression of His154 variants were associated with decreased survival in the absence of high levels of PrP accumulation. Collectively, the present study shows that variants of the ovine PrP are associated with different spontaneous detrimental effects in ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila.

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21

Baigent, SM, and PJ Lowry. "Urocortin is the principal ligand for the corticotrophin-releasing factor binding protein in the ovine brain with no evidence for a sauvagine-like peptide." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0240053.

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To purify novel ligands for the corticotrophin-releasing factor binding protein (CRF-BP) from ovine brain, whole brain was homogenised in methanol and the supernatant extracted on Sep-pak C18 cartridges followed by a preliminary HPLC step. Three peaks of ovine CRF-BP ligand activity were detected in the HPLC fractions, the first two of which were also detected by a specific corticotrophin-releasing factor two-site immunoradiometric assay, the third peak being detected by a human CRF-BP ligand assay, which will not detect ovine CRF. Human CRF-BP ligand-containing fractions were further purified by affinity chromatography on a human recombinant CRF-BP column with two additional HPLC steps. The human CRF-BP ligand was found to: (a) possess a molecular mass of 4707 Daltons, (b) have an N-terminal amino acid sequence (5 residues) identical to rat urocortin, (c) be detected by a specific urocortin radioimmunoassay, (d) have high affinity for both the human and ovine CRF-BPs and (e) be present in many regions of the ovine brain. Additionally, a 300 bp cDNA fragment sharing 83% homology with the rat urocortin gene was cloned from ovine brain, the product of which was predicted to have an identical amino acid sequence to that of rat urocortin. These pieces of information confirmed the identity of the human CRF-BP ligand as an ovine urocortin. The specially developed CRF-BP ligand assays showed that the rank orders of affinity of the CRF family members for human CRF-BP were: carp urotensin-1>>human CRF=rat/ovine urocortin>human urocortin>>frog sauvagine>>ovine CRF, and those for the ovine CRF-BP were: carp urotensin-1> human CRF=rat/ovine urocortin>human urocortin> frog sauvagine>>ovine CRF. This study describes a successful technique for the purification and detection of peptide ligands for the CRF-BP. We conclude that urocortin is the principal ligand for the CRF-BP in ovine brain and we could find no evidence for a centrally located mammalian sauvagine-like peptide.

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22

Barlet, J. P. "Prolactin and calcium metabolism in pregnant ewes." Journal of Endocrinology 107, no. 2 (November 1985): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1070171.

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ABSTRACT The effect of ovine prolactin on intestinal Ca absorption and placental Ca transfer was studied in pregnant ewes. Six groups of five animals bearing a single fetus were used and injected s.c. daily between days 121 and 135. The first group was given 0·1 μg ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day, the second 0·1 μg ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day plus 0·1 μg 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OH-D3)/kg body wt per day, the third 0 ·1 μg ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day plus 0·20 units calcitonin/kg body wt per day, the fourth 2 μg bromocriptine/kg body wt per day, the fifth 2 μg bromocriptine/kg body wt per day plus 0·1 μg ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day, and the sixth were controls injected with vehicle alone. The intestinal Ca absorption was measured on a duodenal loop tied off in vivo on day 136 and placental Ca transfer was evaluated between days 129 and 136. Ovine prolactin stimulated both intestinal Ca absorption and placental Ca transfer; these effects were further increased by 1α-OH-D3. Calcitonin had no effect on ovine prolactin-stimulated intestinal Ca absorption, but blunted the influence of ovine prolactin on Ca placental transfer. Bromocriptine decreased both intestinal Ca absorption and Ca placental transfer but these effects of bromocriptine were overcome by simultaneous injection of ovine prolactin. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 171–175

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23

Haddouti, El-Mustapha, Thomas M. Randau, Cäcilia Hilgers, Werner Masson, Klaus J. Walgenbach, Robert Pflugmacher, Christof Burger, Sascha Gravius, and Frank A. Schildberg. "Characterization and Comparison of Human and Ovine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Three Corresponding Sources." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072310.

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Currently, there is an increasing focus on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as therapeutic option in bone pathologies as well as in general regenerative medicine. Although human MSCs have been extensively characterized and standardized, ovine MSCs are poorly understood. This limitation hampers clinical progress, as sheep are an excellent large animal model for orthopedic studies. Our report describes a direct comparison of human and ovine MSCs from three corresponding sources under the same conditions. All MSCs presented solid growth behavior and potent immunomodulatory capacities. Additionally, we were able to identify common positive (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166) and negative (CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR) surface markers. Although both human and ovine MSCs showed strong osteogenic potential, direct comparison revealed a slower mineralization process in ovine MSCs. Regarding gene expression level, both human and ovine MSCs presented a comparable up-regulation of Runx2 and a trend toward down-regulation of Col1A during osteogenic differentiation. In summary, this side by side comparison defined phenotypic similarities and differences of human and ovine MSCs from three different sources, thereby contributing to a better characterization and standardization of ovine MSCs. The key findings shown in this report demonstrate the utility of ovine MSCs in preclinical studies for MSC-based therapies.

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24

Worsley, Laura, and Peers Davies. "Ovine Johne's disease." Livestock 27, no. 5 (September 2, 2022): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2022.27.5.232.

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Ovine Johne's disease (OJD) is commonly considered to be an ‘iceberg disease’ whereby the majority of infected individuals and the majority of the production losses associated with infection are subclinical, and only a small proportion of the infected animals develop overt, easily identifiable clinical signs. This small number of clinical cases represent the ‘tip’ of a much larger OJD subclinical iceberg, the economic impact of which is chronically underestimated. Several other diseases have also been described in this way, such as maedi visna, caseous lymphadenitis, ovine pulmonary adenomatosis and border disease. However, OJD is the most important of these diseases because of the high prevalence of flocks infected and economic impact of production losses that result from sub-clinical infections. This article reviews disease transmission, diagnosis, control and prevention as well as recent work providing estimates of the prevalence of OJD within the national flock.

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25

Sanghi, Anita, and Peter Morgan-Capner. "Ovine enzootic abortion." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 1, no. 10 (January 4, 1993): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v1i10.1203.

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Ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) is caused by a member of the chlamydia, Chlamydia psittaci. It was some 25 years ago that the potential significance for the pregnant woman of infection with Chlamydia psittaci of ovine origin was first recognised. It was only in the 1980's, however, that following a spate of case reports of maternal illness and abortion due to OEA that it gained more widespread attention, and even elicited questions in the House of Lords. Ovine enzootic abortion also presents major problems to sheep farming in the UK as it is the most frequent cause of abortion of ewes in the UK, and its spread has proved resistant to available vaccines.

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26

Whitelaw, C. Bruce A. "Toward Ovine iPSCs." Cellular Reprogramming 15, no. 5 (October 2013): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cell.2013.0039.

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27

Scott, Phil. "Ovine self-assessment." Livestock 17, no. 7 (November 2012): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2012.00162.x.

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28

Greig, Alastair. "Ovine keratocon junctivitis." In Practice 11, no. 3 (May 1989): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.11.3.110.

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29

DAVIES, HL. "Ovine Johne's disease." Australian Veterinary Journal 75, no. 11 (November 1997): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15655.x.

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30

SCOTT-ORR, H. "Ovine Johne's disease." Australian Veterinary Journal 76, no. 1 (January 1998): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb15682.x.

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31

Grotjan, H. Edward, Bruce D. Schanbacher, and Brooks A. Keel. "Ovine luteinizing hormone." Journal of Chromatography A 549 (January 1991): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91425-0.

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32

Grotjan, H. Edward, and Douglas D. Zalesky. "Ovine luteinizing hormone." Journal of Chromatography A 549 (January 1991): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91426-2.

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33

Palmer, D. N., R. D. Martinus, S. M. Cooper, G. G. Midwinter, J. C. Reid, and R. D. Jolly. "Ovine Ceroid Lipofuscinosis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 10 (April 1989): 5736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83610-9.

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34

Nicholas, R. A. J., R. D. Ayling, and G. R. Loria. "Ovine mycoplasmal infections." Small Ruminant Research 76, no. 1-2 (April 2008): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.014.

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35

Hailat, N. Q., S. Q. Lafi, A. Al-Darraji, F. Al-Ani, and M. Fathalla. "Ovine fetal maceration." Small Ruminant Research 25, no. 1 (May 1997): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00956-x.

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36

Agerholm, J. S., M. Boye, and B. Aalbæk. "Ovine Fetal Necrobacillosis." Journal of Comparative Pathology 136, no. 4 (May 2007): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.01.012.

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37

Scott, Phil. "Ovine self assessment." Livestock 18, no. 2 (March 2013): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2013.18.2.36.

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38

Murnane, R. D., A. J. Ahern-Rindell, and D. J. Prieur. "Ovine GM1 gangliosidosis." Small Ruminant Research 6, no. 1-2 (October 1991): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90014-h.

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39

Baciewicz, Frank A. "Ovine DeVega Annuloplasty." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 108, no. 3 (September 2019): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.070.

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40

PLANT, J. W., K. H. WALKER, H. M. ACLAND, and G. P. GARD. "Pathology in the ovine foetus caused by an ovine pestivirus." Australian Veterinary Journal 60, no. 5 (March 10, 2008): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb05926.x.

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41

Abdisa, Tagesu. "Rev iew on Ovine Fasciolosis in Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 2, no. 2 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000132.

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Fasciolosis is one of the major constraint factors for ovine production development in Ethiopia by inflecting direct and indirect loss at different parts of the country. Ovine fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of sheep caused by tr ematodes species of the genus Fasciola , which migrate in the hepatic parenchyma and establish and develops in the bile ducts. In Ethiopia, both species co - exist at different altitudes. The snails of the genus lymnae are mainly involved as an intermediate host in the life cycle of fasciolosis. Ovine fascioliasis in Ethiopia were losses annually estimated at 48.4 million Ethiopian birr due to mortality, productivity (weight loss and reproductive wastage), and liver condemnation at slaughter. This fasciola di sease has three phases of clinical sign acute, sub - acute and chronic forms. Acute fasciolosis occurs as disease outbreak following a massive, but relatively short - term, intake of metacercariae. Death usually results from blood loss due to hemorrhage and ti ssue destruction caused by the migratory juvenile flukes in the live resulting in traumatic hepatitis. Diagnosis of Fasciolosis is based on clinical sign, grazing history, and seasonal occurrence, examination of feces by laboratory tests and post mortem ex amination. Treatment of infected animals will largely depend on the correct use of appropriate and registered anthelmintic. Triclabendazole is the most effective anthelmintic drug which can be destroys or kills all stage of fasciola. Fasciolosis may be con trolled by reducing the populations of the intermediate snail host, or by appropriate anthelminthic treatment and the population of snail should be destroyed by applying Molluscicide and destroying the environment that suit for snail’s reproduction.

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42

Jeske, Walter, Ahmed Kouta, Rick Duff, Varun Rangnekar, Manoj Niverthi, Debra Hoppensteadt, Jawed Fareed, and Yiming Yao. "Comparative Pharmacokinetic Profile of 3 Batches of Ovine Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and 1 Batch of Branded Enoxaparin." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 9_suppl (September 9, 2018): 150S—156S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618798956.

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Although pharmaceutical grade heparin is obtained almost exclusively from porcine intestinal mucosa, there is interest in diversifying heparin sourcing to address potential supply shortages and economically motivated adulteration. Since ovine-derived heparin is structurally similar to porcine heparin, it is expected that ovine-derived low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) will be comparable to porcine-derived LMWH. This study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of 3 batches of ovine LMWH with that of enoxaparin in nonhuman primates. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 2, 4, and 6 hours post-administration of a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of LMWH. Circulating drug concentrations determined using anti-Xa and anti-thrombin assays were used to calculate values for PK parameters. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ovine LMWHs tested met pharmacopoeial potency and molecular weight distribution requirements for enoxaparin. In the post-administration samples, comparable levels of branded enoxaparin and ovine enoxaparin were observed using anti-Xa and anti-thrombin assays, with the concentration versus time curves being nearly superimposable. Consistent with this similarity, no significant differences were observed between PK parameters calculated for branded enoxaparin and ovine LMWH. The TFPI levels returned to baseline levels by 6 hours in ovine LMWH-treated animals but remained slightly elevated in animals treated with branded enoxaparin. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of ovine enoxaparin were not only comparable between different batches but also similar to the branded product. Thus, LMWH prepared from ovine mucosal heparin is comparable to its porcine-derived counterpart.

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López-Gálvez, Gloria, Manuela Juárez, and Mercedes Ramos. "Two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting for the study of ovine whey protein polymorphism." Journal of Dairy Research 62, no. 2 (May 1995): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900031009.

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SUMMARYDifferent electrophoretic techniques have been applied to the study of ovine whey protein polymorphism. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) over the pH gradient 3·5–9·5 was a suitable method for resolving both genetic variants of ovine β-lactoglobulin (β-lg); using this type of IEF, ovine β-lg A seemed to be defined by a major and a minor ‘satellite’ band. Approximate isoelectric point, relative molecular mass, amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence of this minor band were determined. A good separation of ovine β-lg was achieved using ultrathin layer isoelectric focusing (UTLIEF) over the pH gradient 2·5–7·0. However, addition of urea in UTLIEF gels led to some differences in the patterns of the ovine whey proteins when compared with those obtained by IEF on gels not containing urea. Two dimensional electrophoretic techniques provided a considerable separation of ovine whey proteins. Immunoblotting applied to a two dimensional separation permitted the identification of the bands belonging to β-lg and α-lactalbumin fractions.

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Dedieu, Benoît, and Jean-Yves Pailleux. "The paths to last in pastoral sheep farming in the Cevennes in France." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 68, no. 2-3 (March 25, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.20593.

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Quels sont les chemins pour durer dans un contexte d’incertitude sur les conditions du futur ? Les logiques d’action sur le long terme sur lesquelles les éleveurs s’appuient pour développer ou adapter leur ferme dans leur contexte propre ont été décrites. Ces logiques renvoient à des choix relatifs au dimensionnement de l’activité agricole, à la spécialisation, aux choix techniques et commerciaux, au rapport à l’endettement et à l’incorporation de technologies. Les données provenaient d’élevages ovins des Cévennes, région pastorale méditerranéenne du sud de la France, à partir de relevés de trajectoires d’évolution des familles, des activités agricoles et de la conduite du troupeau ovin sur 30 ans (1982–2012). Si l’élevage ovin n’a pas vraiment changé dans ses dimensions techniques pendant cette période, trois logiques d’action sur le long terme ont été distinguées : une logique clanique qui donne l’opportunité d’une installation des enfants dans la ferme ou à proximité d’elle ; une logique centrée sur l’activité ovine avec un agrandissement du troupeau ; et une logique multiphase avec l’exploration successive de deux ou trois formules de conduite du troupeau ou de combinaison d’activités du ménage. Les logiques d’action identifiées ont été semblables à celles décrites dans d’autres études, si ce n’est qu’elles n’ont pas mis en avant de logique fondée sur l’accroissement de la productivité du troupeau avec incorporation de technologies, option trop éloignée du type de pastoralisme pratiqué dans les Cévennes.

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Brown, Thomas I., Rohit Mistry, D. David Collie, Steven Tate, and Jean-Michel Sallenave. "Trappin ovine molecule (TOM), the ovine ortholog of elafin, is an acute phase reactant in the lung." Physiological Genomics 19, no. 1 (September 16, 2004): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00113.2004.

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As large animal models continue to play an important role in translating lung-directed therapeutic strategies from laboratory animals to humans, there is an increasing interest in the analysis of endogenous regulators of inflammation at both a genomic and a therapeutic level. To this end, we have sought to characterize the ovine ortholog of elafin, an important regulator of inflammation in humans. We have isolated both the elafin cDNA and gene, which have a similar structure to other species’ orthologs. Interestingly, we have isolated two alleles for ovine elafin, which contain a very high number of transglutamination repeats, thought to be important in binding elafin to the interstitium. The mainly mucosal mRNA distribution for ovine elafin suggests that ovine elafin may, like its human ortholog, have functions in innate immunity. This is supported by analysis of elafin and the related protein secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in ovine bronchoalveolar fluid in response to locally administered lipopolysaccharide and confirmation of them acting as “alarm” antiproteases. We have also cloned the ovine elafin cDNA into an adenoviral vector and have demonstrated correct processing of the secreted protein as well as biological activity. Overexpression of ovine elafin in a lung-derived epithelial cell line has a protective effect against the enzymes human neutrophil and porcine pancreatic elastase. The identification of the ovine elafin gene and its translated protein are important in developing practical strategies aimed at regulating inflammation in the large mammalian lung.

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Sircar, Shubhankar, Prashant Kumar, Mohd Ikram Ansari, Sudipta Bhat, Jobin Jose Kattoor, O. R. Vinodhkumar, Ranjit Sah, Kuldeep Dhama, and Yashpal Singh Malik. "Non-structural Enterotoxin (NSP4) Gene based Molecular Characterization of Caprine and Ovine Rotavirus A, India." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 2303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.09.

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Rotavirus A (RVA) causes viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals, including calves, piglets, and foals. The current study reports the genetic characterization of the full-length enterotoxin gene, NSP4, from caprine and ovine species. Upon characterizing eight full-length NSP4 genes by sequencing, it was found that the four caprine and three ovine RVAs NSP4 genes are of E2 genotype and the sole ovine RVA isolate was found to be of E1 genotype. In the sequence and phyloanalysis of the NSP4 gene the seven E2 genotypes clustered with bovine, human, and caprine isolates from India and Bangladesh, respectively. The E1 genotype of ovine RVA was closer to human RVA isolate from India. The nucleotide per cent identity analysis revealed that all E2 genotype strains of caprine and ovine species ranged from 88.4% to 90.4% and it was found common to both the reference human RVA isolates DS-1 and AU-1. Whereas, the E1 genotype ovine strain clustered with human RVA isolates with 93.1% nucleotide per cent identity. The RVA strains circulating in caprine and ovine populations may share a common origin which is usually found in artiodactyl species because humans share a common dwelling with animals. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings of their relationship with humans and large animals.

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Yang, Sujeong, Alana M. Thackray, Lee Hopkins, Tom P. Monie, David F. Burke, and Raymond Bujdoso. "Polymorphisms at Amino Acid Residues 141 and 154 Influence Conformational Variation in Ovine PrP." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/372491.

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Polymorphisms in ovine PrP at amino acid residues 141 and 154 are associated with susceptibility to ovine prion disease: Leu141Arg154 with classical scrapie and Phe141Arg154 and Leu141His154 with atypical scrapie. Classical scrapie is naturally transmissible between sheep, whereas this may not be the case with atypical scrapie. Critical amino acid residues will determine the range or stability of structural changes within the ovine prion protein or its functional interaction with potential cofactors, during conversion of PrPC to PrPSc in these different forms of scrapie disease. Here we computationally identified that regions of ovine PrP, including those near amino acid residues 141 and 154, displayed more conservation than expected based on local structural environment. Molecular dynamics simulations showed these conserved regions of ovine PrP displayed genotypic differences in conformational repertoire and amino acid side-chain interactions. Significantly, Leu141Arg154 PrP adopted an extended beta sheet arrangement in the N-terminal palindromic region more frequently than the Phe141Arg154 and Leu141His154 variants. We supported these computational observations experimentally using circular dichroism spectroscopy and immunobiochemical studies on ovine recombinant PrP. Collectively, our observations show amino acid residues 141 and 154 influence secondary structure and conformational change in ovine PrP that may correlate with different forms of scrapie.

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Brogden, K. A., V. C. Kalfa, M. R. Ackermann, D. E. Palmquist, P. B. McCray, and B. F. Tack. "The Ovine Cathelicidin SMAP29 Kills Ovine Respiratory Pathogens In Vitro and in an Ovine Model of Pulmonary Infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.1.331-334.2001.

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ABSTRACT Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides from sheep (SMAP29 and SMAP34), rabbits (CAP11 and CAP18), rodents (CRAMP), and humans (FALL39, LL37, and h/CAP18). In a broth microdilution assay against nine ovine pathogens, SMAP29, SMAP34, mouse CRAMP, CAP18, CAP1831, CAP1828, CAP1822, and CAP1821a were the most active, with MICs as low as 0.6 μg/ml. Other cathelicidins were less active. In lambs with pneumonia, 0.5 mg of SMAP29 reduced the concentration of bacteria in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and consolidated pulmonary tissues. Hence, the antimicrobial activity of SMAP29 suggests that it has applications in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

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Tsevdou, Maria, Georgios Theodorou, Sofia Pantelaiou, Artemis Chatzigeorgiou, Ioannis Politis, and Petros Taoukis. "Impact of Type and Enzymatic/High Pressure Treatment of Milk on the Quality and Bio-Functional Profile of Yoghurt." Foods 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010049.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the high pressure (HP) processing and transglutaminase (TGase) treatment of bovine (cow) or ovine (sheep) milk, when applied individually or sequentially, on the quality parameters and anti-hypertensive and immunomodulatory properties of yoghurt. Low-fat (2% w/w) bovine or ovine milk samples were used. Results showed that HP treatment of milk led to acid gels with equivalent quality attributes to thermal treatment, with the more representative attributes being whey separation and firmness, which ranged from 47.5% to 49.8% and 23.8% to 32.2% for bovine and ovine yoghurt, respectively, and 74.3–89.0 g and 219–220 g for bovine and ovine yoghurt, respectively. On the other hand, TGase treatment of milk, solely or more effectively following HP processing, resulted in the improvement of the textural attributes of yoghurt and reduced whey separation, regardless of milk type, exhibiting values of 32.9% and 8.7% for the whey separation of bovine and ovine yoghurt, respectively, and 333 g and 548 g for the firmness of bovine and ovine yoghurt, respectively. The HP processing and TGase treatment of milk led to the preservation or improvement of the anti-hypertensive activity of the samples, especially in the case in which ovine milk was used, with Inhibitory activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (IACE) values of 76.9% and 88.5% for bovine and ovine yoghurt, respectively. The expression of pro-inflammatory genes decreased and that of anti-inflammatory genes increased in the case of samples from HP-processed and/or TGase-treated milk as compared to the corresponding expressions for samples from thermally treated milk. Thus, it can be stated that, apart from the quality improvement, HP processing and TGase treatment of milk may lead to the enhancement of the bio-functional properties of low-fat yoghurt made from either bovine or ovine milk.

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Okhovat, S., T. D. Milner, and A. Iyer. "Feasibility of ovine and synthetic temporal bone models for simulation training in endoscopic ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 11 (October 16, 2019): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215119002135.

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AbstractObjectiveComparing the feasibility of ovine and synthetic temporal bones for simulating endoscopic ear surgery against the ‘gold standard’ of human cadaveric tissue.MethodsA total of 10 candidates (5 trainees and 5 experts) performed endoscopic tympanoplasty on 3 models: Pettigrew temporal bones, ovine temporal bones and cadaveric temporal bones. Candidates completed a questionnaire assessing the face validity, global content validity and task-specific content validity of each model.ResultsRegarding ovine temporal bone validity, the median values were 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for face validity, 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for global content validity and 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for task-specific content validity. For the Pettigrew temporal bone, the median values were 3.5 (interquartile range = 2.25–4) for face validity, 3 (interquartile range = 2.75–3) for global content validity and 3 (interquartile range = 2.5–3) for task-specific content validity. The ovine temporal bone was considered significantly superior to the Pettigrew temporal bone for the majority of validity categories assessed.ConclusionTympanoplasty is feasible in both the ovine temporal bone and the Pettigrew temporal bone. However, the ovine model was a significantly more realistic simulation tool.

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