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1
Barros, Felipe Farias Pereira da Câmara [UNESP]. "Técnicas de ovariectomias por videolaparoscopia em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89006.
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A castração de fêmeas se mostra importante na produção animal. Porém, existem poucas técnicas de ovariectomia descritas em pequenos ruminantes. Desta forma, objetiva-se com o presente estudo propor técnicas alternativas por videolaparoscopia e avaliá-las quanto ao desconforto doloroso dos animais e consequentemente queda na produção, viabilidade e tempo de execução. Sendo assim, primeiramente descreveu-se e comparou-se a ovariectomia por laparotomia (OL), vídeo-assistida (OVA) e total vídeolaparoscópica (OTV) em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês adultas, avaliando o trans e pós-cirúrgico, e verificando o estresse causado às fêmeas por cada procedimento. Já em um segundo momento objetivou-se desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada (OTVM), avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas da mesma raça. Concluiu-se então que as técnicas OVA e OTV apresentaram grande vantagem em relação a OL por serem processos minimamente invasivos, de rápida realização e que proporcionam mínimo desconforto e ótima recuperação das ovelhas, sendo recomendado por causar mínimo estresse e decréscimo na produção animal. E que a OTVM foi viável e exeqüível para a espécie ovina, não provocando também hemorragias, estresse, desconforto doloroso e perda de peso nos animais, apesar do tempo cirúrgico ter sido maior que nas outras técnicas laparoscópicas
The castration of females is important in animal production. However, there are few techniques of ovariectomy described in small ruminants. Thus, the aim of this study was propose alternative techniques of ovariectomy by laparoscopy and evaluate the painful discomfort of the animals and consequently decrease in production, the feasibility and execution time. Therefore, at a first moment was described and compared the ovariectomy by laparotomy (OL), video-assisted (OVA) and total laparoscopic (OTV) in Santa Ines adult ewes, evaluating the transoperative and postoperative, and the stress caused to females for each procedure. In a second moment, aimed to develop and describe a technique for ovariectomy by laparoscopy using one portal and a ligation system pre-assembled (OTVM), evaluating their feasibility, the painful discomfort and the inflammatory process caused in ewes in the same breed. It was concluded that the OVA and OTV techniques had a great advantage compared to OL, once they are minimally invasive procedures, of rapid implementation and provide a minimal discomfort and great recovery of ewes, being recommended since they cause a minimal stress and decrease in animal production. The OTVM was viably and feasibly to the ovine species, not causing bleeding, stress, painful discomfort and weight loss in animals, although the surgical time have been greater than in other laparoscopic techniques
2
McDermott, Joshua D. "The ovine lens cytoskeleton." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/700.
Full textAbstract:
The lens of the eye is a vital tissue in the visual system, responsible for the collection and focusing of light on to the retina. Comprised of epithelial cells at differing stages of differentiation, the transparency of the lens is dependent on the highly ordered crystalline structure of lens proteins. The lens consists of several proteins including crystallins (α, β, γ) that make up 90% of the soluble protein, and the lens cytoskeletal proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins contribute only a fraction of the total lens protein, but are thought to play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of transparency. Calpain-induced degradation of these proteins may be involved in the development of cataracts. This has been an area of research at Lincoln University where a flock of sheep genetically predisposed to cataract maintained as a cataract development model. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins in the lens, and to examine the effects of calpain proteolysis on these proteins, with the goal of establishing the role of the lens cytoskeletal proteins in the ovine cataract model. A combination of techniques was used including immunohistochemistry, which required the development of a specific protocol for ovine lenses. Cytoskeletal proteins were identified using immunohistochemistry in lens tissue sections and exhibited characteristic distributions. Actin displayed preferential distribution in the short sides of the fibre cells in the cortex of the lens but was absent in the lens nucleus, while spectrin in the cortex and nucleus was associated with the fibre cell membrane. Filensin was observed in the outer cortex of lens sections associated with the fibre cell membrane and cytoplasm, although the pattern of localisation was indistinct due to the abundance of filensin breakdown products. Vimentin displayed membrane and cytoplasmic association in the outer cortex that diminished toward the lens nucleus, with membrane associated vimentin only persisting in the deeper regions of the cortex and nucleus. Additionally, the effect of novel calpain inhibitors (Cat0059 and Cat811) in preventing proteolysis of lens cytoskeletal protein was investigated and compared with calpain inhibitors developed elsewhere (SJA6017). The inhibitors were tested at between 10 and 0.1 μM (100 nM). All inhibitors were effective at 10 μM. SJA6017 provided significant protection to vimentin at 1 μM. Cat0059 was found to protect spectrin and filensin at 1 μM, but not vimentin, while inhibitor Cat811 was found to protect spectrin only. SJA6017 added to assays at 100 nM offered significant protection to spectrin, and Cat0059 was found to protect filensin and spectrin to a significant degree at 100 nM, indicating the novel inhibitors were comparable to those developed elsewhere in terms of their effectiveness. Taken together, the evidence presented in this thesis shows the cytoskeletal proteins as crucial elements in the lens. Their pervasive presence coupled with evidence that lens cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to calpain-induced proteolysis that is inhibited with novel calpain inhibitors suggests that the lens cytoskeletal proteins may be useful targets in cataract prevention for future research.
3
Moawad, Adel Reda. "Cryopreservation of ovine oocytes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27948/.
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Oocyte cryopreservation represents one of the most recent developments in the field of reproductive technologies. However, despite of significant progress, the efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation is still very low. Cryopreservation of mature metaphase II (MIl) oocytes has been reported to induce disorganization of the meiotic spindle and chromosome damage. However, cryopreservation of immature oocyte at germinal vesicle (GV) stage may provide an alternative which avoids these problems. Slow freezing protocols have more recently been replaced by vitrification approaches. In this thesis, recovery, viability and subsequent developmental potential following in vitro fertilisation (IVF), parthenogenetic activation or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of ovine oocytes vitrified at GV stage and matured in vitro were studied. Solid surface vitrification (SSV) and cryoloop technologies share the advantages of using a containerless system and small volumes of solution (less than t J.ll) which favours rapid cooling. Maturation, fertilisation, cleavage and blastocyst development were significantly decreased in SSV vitrified oocytes as compared to controls. Following cryoloop vitrification, frequencies of in vitro maturation (43.4 vs 63.2%), oocytes with normal spindle and chromosome configuration (50.0 vs 70.4%) and fertilisation (54.0 vs 74. t %) did not differ significantly between vitrified and control oocytes. Numbers of cleaved embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage following IVM/IVF/IVC did not differ significantly between vitrified and control groups (29.4 vs 45.1 %). In vitro matured ovine oocytes vitrified at GV stage using cryoloop were activated by two different protocols (I) a combination of calcium ionophore (A 23187), cycloheximide and cytochalasin 13 (CA+CHX/CI3), (2) strontium and CB (Sr/Cll). No blastocysts developed in vitrified oocytes activated by CA+CHX/CB; however, 3.8% were obtained following Sr/CI3 activation. Developmental competence of ovinc oocytes vitrified at GV stage and used as cytoplast recipients for SCNT was evaluated. Although the frequencies of cleaved embryos were significantly decreased in vitrified oocytes as compared to control, development to morula and blastocyst stage embryos was not significantly different. No significant differences were observed in total cell numbers, number of apoptotic nuclei as detected by Hoechst and TUNEL assay and proportions of diploid embryos in day 7 blastocysts produced following IVF or seNT of vitrified oocytes as compared to control. Pre-treatment of ovine GV-oocytes with cytochalasin 13 (7.5 J.lglml for 60 min) or demecolcine (0.1 flg/ml for 20 min) prior to vitrification improved frequencies of maturation, fertilisation and subsequent development following IVF or parthenogenetic activation. Caffeine treatment during IVM (10 mM for 6 h) increased the frequencies of blastocyst development in vitrified/thawed GV ovine oocytes. Taken together, these studies suggest that, ovine oocytes vitrified at GV stage can be matured, fertilised and develop in vitro to blastocyst stage embryos. Cryoloop vitrification resulted in higher maturation, fertilisation and subsequent development as compared to SSV. Strontium can be used effectively for parthenogenetic activation of vitrified/thawed ovine GV oocytes. Ovine oocytes vitrified at GV stage can be used effectively as cytoplast recipients for SCNT.
4
Endo, Viviane [UNESP]. "Terminação de cordeiros com cana-de-açúcar in natura ou hidrolisada com óxido de cálcio em ambientes aeróbico e anaeróbico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96504.
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Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros Ile de France confinados dos 15 kg aos 32 kg de peso corporal em baias individuais com controle diário do alimento fornecido e das sobras. Os tratamentos, IN: cana-de-açúcar in natura + concentrado, AER: cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com 0,6% de óxido de cálcio (CaO) em ambiente aeróbico + concentrado e ANA: cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com 0,6% de CaO em ambiente anaeróbico + concentrado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições cada tratamento. Cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada em ambiente anaeróbico apresentaram maior balanço de nitrogênio (29,46 g/dia e 2,80 g/kg0,75/dia), teor de nitrogênio absorvido (2,98 g/kg0,75/dia), teor de vermelho (a*) aos 45 minutos (10,48) e extrato etéreo (2,77%) no músculo Longissimus lumborum. O maior coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e proteína foi observado para cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada (aeróbico, 51,70% ou anaeróbico, 53,75%). O maior comprimento da perna in vivo (32,21 cm), menor altura do posterior (55,23 cm) e perdas na dissecação do lombo (1,83%) foram encontrados para cordeiros terminados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada em ambiente aeróbico. Menor teor de gordura intermuscular (4,77%) e peso corporal vazio (24,84 kg) foram observados para cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar in natura. O fornecimento da cana-de-açúcar na forma in natura se torna viável por dispensar o processo de preparo da solução da calda e do revolvimento para homogeneização dos amontoados de cana-de-açúcar, além de não haver necessidade da compra do agente alcalinizante
It were used 24 lambs Ile de France, non-castrated, fed with diets containing in nature or hydrolyzed sugar cane in aerobic and anaerobic environments on a roughage: concentrate ratio, 50:50. The lambs were confined to 15 kg body weight, which received the diet in individual stalls in the trough, with control of food offered and the leftovers, and were slaughtered at 32 kg body weight. Lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane in anaerobic environment had higher nitrogen balance (29.46 g / day and 2.80 g/kg0, 75/day), ratio of nitrogen absorbed (2.98 g/kg0, 75/day), level of value for red (a*) at 45 minutes (10.48) and ether extract (2.77%) of Longissimus lumborum muscle. The higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein was observed for lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane independently of the environment of hydrolysis (aerobic, 51.70% or anaerobic, 53.75%). There was a greater length of leg in vivo (32.21 cm), smaller posterior (55.23 cm) and loss (1.83%) for lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane in aerobic environment. Lower content of intermuscular fat (4.77%) and empty body weight (24.84 kg) for lambs fed sugar cane in nature. The hydrolyzed sugar cane provided better utilization of the fibers, but did not affect performance of animals in nature sugar cane in lambs feeding was shown to increase the quantitative traits in vivo of the lambs, but did not improve and/or damaged in carcass quantitative traits when compared with treatment with hydrolyzed sugar cane, so the use of hydrolyzed sugar cane is feasible to waive daily cuts, consequently, reduces workmanship. The supply of in nature sugar cane becomes feasible to waive the process of the preparation of the solution and revolving for homogenization of the piles of sugar cane and there is no need to purchase the alkalizing agent
5
Ferguson, Elaine D. "Molecular characterisation of ovine CD1." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28006.
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The CD1 molecules are a family of β2-microglobulin-associated glycoproteins with strong structural homology, but weaker sequence homology, to the MHC class I antigens. In contrast to the classical class I antigens, CD1 molecules exhibit restricted tissue expression (cortical thymocytes, dendritic cells, a subset of B cells and some intestinal epithelial cells), and are nonpolymorphic. Five CD1 genes have been identified in humans , two in the mouse and several in other mammalian species (Calabi et al, 1991). CD1 expression has also been detected by immunohistological techniques in the cow, sheep and pig. The MHC class I-like structure of CD1 and the expression on classical antigen presenting cells of the immune system has pointed to a role for CD1 in antigen presentation. Indeed, evidence has been accumulating over the past few years to support this view, with several reports suggesting that CD4-8- T cells in particular may be able to recognise nonclassical presentational elements including MHC class Ib molecules such as TLa and Qa, as well as CD1. Most recently, CD1b molecules on human monocytes have been demonstrated to restrict the response of CD4-8- T cells to antigens derived from M.tuberculosis (Porcelli et al, 1992). Previous studies on the ovine CD1 family have involved the use of monoclonal antibodies to assess tissue expression and distribution, and biochemical analyses of the ovine CD1 antigens. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate ovine CD1 at the molecular level. Therefore, a human CD1C α3 probe was used to screen several sheep thymocyte cDNA libraries. The HCD1B-like cone SCD1A25 was isolated from a foetal thymocyte library. A homologous probe comprising the α3/TM/CYT domains from this clone was derived by PCR amplification and used to identify a further three ovine clones-SCD1B-42, SCD1B-52 and SCD1T10.
6
Muir, Matthew Stewart. "Proteomics of the ovine cataract." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/792.
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The lens of the eye needs to be completely transparent in order to allow all light entering the eye to reach the retina. This transparency is maintained by the highly ordered structure of the lens proteins the crystallins. Any disruption to the lens proteins can cause an opacity to develop which is known as cataract. During cortical cataract formation there is increased truncation of the lens crystallins. It is believed that overactivation of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains, is responsible for the increased proteolysis of the crystallins seen during cataractogenesis. Within the ovine lens there are three calpains, calpain 1, 2 and the lens specific calpain Lp82. The aim of this thesis was to determine the changes in the lens proteins during ageing and cataractogenesis, and to establish the role of the calpains in these processes. Calpain 1 and 2 were purified from ovine lung and Lp82 was purified from lamb lenses using chromatography. Activity and presence of the calpains was determined by using the BODIPY-FL casein assay, gel electrophoresis, Western blot and casein zymography. Changes in the lens proteins, specifically the crystallins, were visualised using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Lenses from fetal, 6 month old and 8 year old sheep were collected, as well as stage 0, 1, 3 and 6 cataractous ovine lenses. The proteins from the lenses were separated into the water soluble and urea soluble fractions and analysed by 2DE. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses and therefore modifications of the crystallins. Finally, the individual crystallins were separated using gel filtration chromatography and incubated with the purified calpains in the presence of calcium. The extent of the proteolysis was visualised using 2DE and truncation sites determined by mass spectrometry. Purification of the calpains resulted in samples that were specific for each calpain and could be used in further experiments. 2DE analysis showed that there were changes to the crystallins during maturation of the lens. The α-crystallins become increasingly phosphorylated as the lens ages and a small amount becomes truncated. The β-crystallins were also modified during ageing by truncation and deamidation. When crystallins from cataractous lenses were compared using 2DE there were changes to both the α- and β-crystallins. The α-crystallins were found to be extensively truncated at their C-terminal tail. Four of the seven β-crystallins, βB1, βB3, βB2 and βA3, showed increased truncation of their N-terminal extensions during cataract formation. All three calpains truncated αA and αB-crystallin at their C-terminal ends after incubation. Calpain 2 and Lp82 each produced unique αA-crystallin truncations. All three calpains truncated βB1 and βA3 and calpain 2 also truncated βB3. When the truncations from the calpain incubations were compared to those seen during cataract formation, many of the truncations were found to be similar. Both the unique truncations from calpain 2 and Lp82 were found in cataractous lenses, with the Lp82 more obvious in the 2DE. The β-crystallin truncations found after incubation with the calpains were similar to those found during cataractogenesis. In conclusion this study documents the changes to the ovine lens during maturation and cataractogenesis and indicates a role for the calpain family in the increased proteolysis observed in the ovine cataract.
7
Riley, Paul Richard. "The ovine endometrial oxytocin receptor." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321573.
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Henfrey, Andrew Mark. "Studies on ovine interferon-gamma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29798.
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Interferons have been recognized as important mediators of cellular communication for many years. There are two types of interferon: Type I interferons have antiviral functions, but Type II interferon (IFN-g) is more important as an immunomodulating molecule. Type II interferon has effects on cellular MHC class II expression, immunoglobulin class-switching, macrophage activation, cellular proliferation and a number of other functions. The role of IFN-g during in vivo immune responses has not been studied in great detail, but the sheep is an ideal species in which to study these phenomena by using the efferent lymphatic vessel cannulation model. This allows access to cells and tissue fluid for cytokine analysis using antibody and genetic probes for the detection of IFN-g. Bovine IFN-g peptides (amino-terminus, carboxy-terminus and central) were used to generate antibodies in rabbits. None of the anti-peptide sera reacted with denatured ovine or bovine IFN-g, nor neutralized their antiviral effect. Rabbit antibodies to bovine recombinant IFN-g neutralized ovine IFN-g and detected IFN-g in a sandwich ELISA when used in combination with a monoclonal antibody against a human IFN-g carboxy-terminal peptide. The sensitivity of detection was only 125ng/ml, insufficient for use with efferent lymph fluid samples. The expression of MHC class II molecules on cell surfaces is increased by IFN-g on many cell types. This has been used previously to measure biologically active IFN-g concentrations in fluids. Measurement of ovine class II by slot blot was assessed as a method of adapting this to ovine IFN-g measurement, but the technique proved to be too problematic for regular use. The expression of class II on T lymphocytes is influenced by IFN-g in the surrounding fluid. Analysis by FACS of resting ovine T lymphocytes shows them to express class II, a situation different to that in the human.
9
Fiskerstrand, Carolyn Ewen. "Studies on ovine interleukin-1." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29761.
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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of infection, inflammation and immunity and two different IL-1 proteins are known to exist, IL-1α and IL-1β. Each is synthesised as a proprotein, Mr = 31kD, which is subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein, Mr=17.5kD. Whereas both forms of IL-1α show equivalent biological activities, IL-1β requires cleavage with resultant conformational change for optimal activity. IL-1 has been extensively studied in human and murine systems but at the time this project was initiated, nothing was known about its actions in the sheep and no reagents were available with which to study ovine IL-1. This thesis describes the successful cloning and expression of biologically active ovine IL-1α and IL-1β and their use in determining IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) expression by ovine alveolar macrophages (Mφ) and afferent lymph dendritic cells (DC). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Mφ were used as the source of IL-1 mRNA. The specific IL-1 cDNAs were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned into pTZ18R/19R vectors and sequenced. Ovine IL-1α and IL-1β were found to be 97% and 96% identical to their bovine counterparts and 81% and 78% identical, respectively, to the human sequences. Translation of the nucleotide sequences shows that ovine IL-1α has 97% and 72% identity with bovine and human IL-1α respectively and ovine IL-1β has 95% and 62% identity with bovine and human IL-1β respectively. Use of the cloned IL-1cDNAs for northern blot analysis of IL-1 mRNA production by Mφ, showed IL-1α mRNA to reach maximal levels at around 6h and IL-1β mRNA at around 4h after LPS stimulation. The proprotein (p) and mature protein (m) forms of ovine IL-1α and IL-1β have been expressed as fusion proteins with yeast p1, using the Ty-vlp system of British Biotechnology Ltd.
10
Barros, Felipe Farias Pereira da Câmara. "Técnicas de ovariectomias por videolaparoscopia em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês /." Jaboticabal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89006.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano VicenteBanca: José Antonio Marques
Banca: Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de Moura
Resumo: A castração de fêmeas se mostra importante na produção animal. Porém, existem poucas técnicas de ovariectomia descritas em pequenos ruminantes. Desta forma, objetiva-se com o presente estudo propor técnicas alternativas por videolaparoscopia e avaliá-las quanto ao desconforto doloroso dos animais e consequentemente queda na produção, viabilidade e tempo de execução. Sendo assim, primeiramente descreveu-se e comparou-se a ovariectomia por laparotomia (OL), vídeo-assistida (OVA) e total vídeolaparoscópica (OTV) em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês adultas, avaliando o trans e pós-cirúrgico, e verificando o estresse causado às fêmeas por cada procedimento. Já em um segundo momento objetivou-se desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada (OTVM), avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas da mesma raça. Concluiu-se então que as técnicas OVA e OTV apresentaram grande vantagem em relação a OL por serem processos minimamente invasivos, de rápida realização e que proporcionam mínimo desconforto e ótima recuperação das ovelhas, sendo recomendado por causar mínimo estresse e decréscimo na produção animal. E que a OTVM foi viável e exeqüível para a espécie ovina, não provocando também hemorragias, estresse, desconforto doloroso e perda de peso nos animais, apesar do tempo cirúrgico ter sido maior que nas outras técnicas laparoscópicas
Abstract: The castration of females is important in animal production. However, there are few techniques of ovariectomy described in small ruminants. Thus, the aim of this study was propose alternative techniques of ovariectomy by laparoscopy and evaluate the painful discomfort of the animals and consequently decrease in production, the feasibility and execution time. Therefore, at a first moment was described and compared the ovariectomy by laparotomy (OL), video-assisted (OVA) and total laparoscopic (OTV) in Santa Ines adult ewes, evaluating the transoperative and postoperative, and the stress caused to females for each procedure. In a second moment, aimed to develop and describe a technique for ovariectomy by laparoscopy using one portal and a ligation system pre-assembled (OTVM), evaluating their feasibility, the painful discomfort and the inflammatory process caused in ewes in the same breed. It was concluded that the OVA and OTV techniques had a great advantage compared to OL, once they are minimally invasive procedures, of rapid implementation and provide a minimal discomfort and great recovery of ewes, being recommended since they cause a minimal stress and decrease in animal production. The OTVM was viably and feasibly to the ovine species, not causing bleeding, stress, painful discomfort and weight loss in animals, although the surgical time have been greater than in other laparoscopic techniques
Mestre
11
Endo, Viviane. "Terminação de cordeiros com cana-de-açúcar in natura ou hidrolisada com óxido de cálcio em ambientes aeróbico e anaeróbico /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96504.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Americo Garcia da Silva SobrinhoBanca: Acyr Wanderley de Paula Freitas
Banca: Hirasilva Borba
Resumo: Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros Ile de France confinados dos 15 kg aos 32 kg de peso corporal em baias individuais com controle diário do alimento fornecido e das sobras. Os tratamentos, IN: cana-de-açúcar in natura + concentrado, AER: cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com 0,6% de óxido de cálcio (CaO) em ambiente aeróbico + concentrado e ANA: cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com 0,6% de CaO em ambiente anaeróbico + concentrado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições cada tratamento. Cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada em ambiente anaeróbico apresentaram maior balanço de nitrogênio (29,46 g/dia e 2,80 g/kg0,75/dia), teor de nitrogênio absorvido (2,98 g/kg0,75/dia), teor de vermelho (a*) aos 45 minutos (10,48) e extrato etéreo (2,77%) no músculo Longissimus lumborum. O maior coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e proteína foi observado para cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada (aeróbico, 51,70% ou anaeróbico, 53,75%). O maior comprimento da perna in vivo (32,21 cm), menor altura do posterior (55,23 cm) e perdas na dissecação do lombo (1,83%) foram encontrados para cordeiros terminados com cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada em ambiente aeróbico. Menor teor de gordura intermuscular (4,77%) e peso corporal vazio (24,84 kg) foram observados para cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar in natura. O fornecimento da cana-de-açúcar na forma in natura se torna viável por dispensar o processo de preparo da solução da calda e do revolvimento para homogeneização dos amontoados de cana-de-açúcar, além de não haver necessidade da compra do agente alcalinizante
Abstract: It were used 24 lambs Ile de France, non-castrated, fed with diets containing in nature or hydrolyzed sugar cane in aerobic and anaerobic environments on a roughage: concentrate ratio, 50:50. The lambs were confined to 15 kg body weight, which received the diet in individual stalls in the trough, with control of food offered and the leftovers, and were slaughtered at 32 kg body weight. Lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane in anaerobic environment had higher nitrogen balance (29.46 g / day and 2.80 g/kg0, 75/day), ratio of nitrogen absorbed (2.98 g/kg0, 75/day), level of value for red (a*) at 45 minutes (10.48) and ether extract (2.77%) of Longissimus lumborum muscle. The higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein was observed for lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane independently of the environment of hydrolysis (aerobic, 51.70% or anaerobic, 53.75%). There was a greater length of leg in vivo (32.21 cm), smaller posterior (55.23 cm) and loss (1.83%) for lambs fed with hydrolyzed sugar cane in aerobic environment. Lower content of intermuscular fat (4.77%) and empty body weight (24.84 kg) for lambs fed sugar cane in nature. The hydrolyzed sugar cane provided better utilization of the fibers, but did not affect performance of animals in nature sugar cane in lambs feeding was shown to increase the quantitative traits in vivo of the lambs, but did not improve and/or damaged in carcass quantitative traits when compared with treatment with hydrolyzed sugar cane, so the use of hydrolyzed sugar cane is feasible to waive daily cuts, consequently, reduces workmanship. The supply of in nature sugar cane becomes feasible to waive the process of the preparation of the solution and revolving for homogenization of the piles of sugar cane and there is no need to purchase the alkalizing agent
Mestre
12
Madavo, Crispin. "Molecular characterisation of selected neuropeptides from ovine intestinal tissue and from the ovine parasite Moniezie expansa." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554234.
Full textAbstract:
Neuropeptides native to parasitic flatworms, such as Neuropeptide F (NPF) and GNFFRFamide in Moniezia expansa, the sheep tapeworm, are believed to play vital survival roles in the parasites and therefore offer potential as anthelmintic drug targets based on knowledge of their primary structures. The gene sequence of GNFFRFamide is unknown, and doubts exist about whether only one primary structure of NPF exists. Both aspects have been investigated in this study. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) whose primary structure is highly conserved in mammals and to a lesser extent in non-mammalian vertebrates, has so far only been isolated and characterised in mammals and other vertebrates, in which it has been found to have a number of vital functions. Elucidation of the primary structure of VIP in a parasitic cestode is of interest both evolutionarily and because of the potential for its exploitation as an anthelmintic drug target. A previous study revealed the existence of molecules immunoreactive to mammalian VIP (VIP-IR) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI-IR) in M expansa whose chromatographic properties suggested that they may be identical to the mammalian orthologs - a surprising observation in view of the large phylogenetic difference between the species involved. Transfer of the PHI/VIP gene from the ovine host to the tapeworm parasite, previously suggested as a possible explanation for the observation, was investigated in the present study. Genomic methods failed to detect VIP cDNA in M expansa although NPF cDNA and sequences which may code for GNFFRFamide and for a number of other peptides which may be involved in important functions were amplified. Three different peptide extraction methods combined with mass spectrometry failed to detect VIP in homogenized M expansa tissue, possibly due to its low abundance. Other peptides, including putative neuropeptides, were detected in the extracts and analysed. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed VIP immunofluorescence apparently confined to the tegumental lining of M expansa tapeworm, a strikingly similar situation to the previously reported VIP-IR in Echinostoma liei, a parasitic cestode resident in the mouse small intestine. In mammals VIP is known to be expressed and secreted by enteric neurones and immune cells including Th2 lyrnphocytes, mast cells and oesinophils and as part of a response to antigenic and inflammatory stimulation. A Th2, mast and oesinophilic cell response is strongly characteristic of the mammalian immune response to enteric parasites. It is postulated that the VIP immunofluorescence observed on the M expansa tegumental surface in the present study may be due to VIP expressed and secreted by the host enteric neurones and / or immune cells. This possibility remains to be investigated further.
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Costa, João Paulo Ramos [UNESP]. "Influência da intensidade de pastejo e suplementação no perfil metabólico e indicadores de estresse de cordeiros em terminação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95839.
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Avaliou-se o efeito da intensidade de pastejo com e sem suplementação no perfil metabólico e indicadores de estresse em 64 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês (15±3,31). O experimento foi avaliado em medidas repetidas no tempo em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro intensidades de pastejo (IP) (0,8; 1,4; 2,0 e 2,6 de índice de área foliar residual) e grupos suplementados (SP) ou não (NSP). Foram realizadas coletas de sangue a cada 21 dias totalizando seis durante o período experimental. Foram mensurados a hemoglobina, creatinina, uréia, proteína total, albumina, globulina, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), beta-hidroxibutirato, colesterol, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), relação neutrófilos:linfócitos (N:L) e cortisol plasmático. Nenhum dos indicadores sanguíneos do metabolismo protéico foi afetado pela IP e SP (p>0,05), exceto a albumina que foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos que receberam suplemento. Os níveis da glicose foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos suplementados e aumentou com a diminuição da IP (p<0,05). O AGNE apresentou níveis elevados nos grupos NSP (p<0,05) e reduziram com a diminuição da IP (p<0,05). O beta-hidroxibutirato foi modificado apenas pelo SP que foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos que receberam suplemento. Os teores de Ca apresentaram-se crescentes com o decréscimo da IP (p<0,05). A concentração de P foi maior nos grupos SP (p<0,05). A N:L foi maior nos grupos NSP (p<0,05) e aumentou com o acréscimo da IP (p<0,05). O nível plasmático de cortisol foi maior nos grupos NSP (p<0,05). Esta caracterização metabólica mostrou que a IP e SP modificou o perfil metabólico e os indicadores sanguíneos de estresse de cordeiros em terminação
Evaluated the effect of grazing intensity with supplementation or nonsupplementation in the metabolic profile and stress indicator in sixty four crossbred Santa Inês lambs (15,40±2,31 kg). The trial was evaluated in repeated measurement in a completely randomized design arranged 4 x 2 factorial in which grazing intensity (GI) (0.8 vs. 1.4 vs. 2.0 vs. 2.6 residual leaf area index), supplementation (SP) (nonsupplementation vs. supplementation) were the main effects to be investigated. Six sample of blood were taken during, every 21-days from the jugular vein. The hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, globulins, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), neutrophil: lymphocyte rate (N:L) and cortisol were all measured. No indicator protein metabolism was not affected for GI and SP (p>0,05), except albumin, which was high (p<0,05) in supplemented groups. The glucose levels was high in supplemented groups (p<0,05) and increased with a decrease of GI (p<0,05). The NEFA showed high levels in non supplemented groups (p<0,05) and increased with a decrease of GI (p<0,05). The β-hydroxybutyrate levels was modified only for SP (p<0,05) and supplemented groups showed greater concentration. The Ca levels showed increase with decrease of GI (p<0,05) in both supplemented and non supplemented groups. The phosphorus levels was high in supplemented groups (p<0,05). The N:L rate was modified for GI (p<0,05) showed increased levels with the increase of GI and presented high in non supplemented groups (p<0,05). The levels of cortisol was modified for supplementation only (p<0,05). This metabolic characterization showed clearly the grazing intensity and supplementation modified the metabolic profile and stress indicator in finishing lambs
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Burrells, C. "Studies on ovine pulmonary defence mechanisms." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355318.
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Rhind, Susan M. "Molecular analysis of ovine CD1 expression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30680.
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The aim of the work carried out in this thesis was to further investigate the ovine CD1 family and clarify the existing information at the cellular and molecular level. Initial studies utilised existing anti-CD1 mAbs to clarify the pattern of tissue expression of ovine CD1. Two distinct clusters of mAbs were shown to exist - the majority recognise a molecule with tissue distribution similar to CD1b whilst three mAbs, SBU-T6, CC43 and CC118 demonstrate staining of tissue macrophages, the majority of B cells and monoctyes in addition to thymocytes and dendritic cells. NH2-terminal sequencing was subsequently used to establish the antigens recognised by the mAbs SBU-T6 and CC14. This technique demonstrated that the CC14 antigen was consistent with the predicted sequence of the SCD1B42 cDNA clone whereas the SBU-T6 antigen had closest homology to the predicted amino-acid sequence of the human CD1E gene. This is particularly noteworthy as no protein product of the CD1E gene has yet been described in any species. Subsequent work attempted to isolate the gene encoding the molecule recognised by SBU-T6 using a transient expression system in which COS cells were transfected with a lymph node cDNA library contained within the vector pcDNA3. This was unsuccessful, however a sheep CD1D-like sequence was isolated from this library utilising primers based on the NH2-terminal sequence of the SBU-T6 antigen. Expression of the SCD1D gene was investigated using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. SCD1D transcripts were demonstrated in thymus, liver, intestine, lymph node and PBLs. A further experiment investigated the expression of the SCD1B52 gene (which contains a precise deletion of exon 4). These studies have extended the knowledge of the ovine CD1 family and establish it as one of the most complex described to date. This work has demonstrated that sheep clearly express multiple CD1 isotypes as in man and rabbits in addition to the multiple CD1B-like genes reported previously.
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Rose, Hannah. "Ovine psoroptic mange : risk and management." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0fb71d58-9cc9-4a13-8cc9-545b7e47a8e9.
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Oslington, Gabrielle Ruth. "A study in ovine balano posthitis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24745.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine balano posthitis is a disease of wethers in the high rainfall areas on the
eastern coast of Australia, particularly prevalent amongst sheep grazing leguminous
pasture. The condition was extensively studied between 1959 and 1970, at which time
three causal factors, namely a high protein diet, low levels of testosterone and the
presence of the urease positive bacterium Corynebacterium rena/e, were recognised.
In the intervening years there has been a change in speciation of the designated causal
organism, and a rising interest in the control of bacterial diseases by vaccination.
Consequently a study of the bacteriology of the ovine prepuce, the classification of
potential organisms, and the development of vaccines was the focus of this project.
This study commenced with a comparison of the aerobic and the anaerobic
flora collected from the prepuce of healthy wethers and of wethers with severe
posthitis kept in similar field conditions. Flora collected from anaerobically incubated
plates was similar for the diseased and healthy sheep, as was the flora from the
aerobically incubated plates with the chief exception being the total colony numbers
from the plates from the diseased prepuce being more that twice those form healthy
prepuces. No swabs, from either healthy or diseased animals, had the same or similar
groups of organisms. Organisms collected were predominantly Gram positive cocci,
with occasional Gram positive rods. Gram negative organisms were rare.
The project established a non-invasive challenge system to monitor changes in
preputial flora during disease progression, and to allow the testing of vaccines. This
system involved increasing the dietary protein of the sheep by feeding of either whole
lupins alone, or ground lupins, soya been mean and lucerne chaff. Balano posthitis was
observed in approximately fifty percent of wethers on these diets, however disease
severity remained low in most cases. The introduction of the high protein diet caused
a decrease in the range of bacteria observed, and the frequency of isolation of Gram
positive rods, and an increase in the frequency of isolation of Gram positive cocci.
Despite the additional protein in the diet, there was no increase in the frequency of
isolation of urease positive organisms. Urease positive organisms were generally Gram
negative rods prior to the introduction of the high protein diet, and Gram positive rods
after the dietary change. Repetitive sampling showed weekly variation in the flora of
an individual sheep Urease positive organisms similar to Corynebacterium rena/e
were regularly associated with sheep with posthitis, but did not necessarily appear at
the same time or prior to the first appearance of the preputial lesion.
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Costa, João Paulo Ramos. "Influência da intensidade de pastejo e suplementação no perfil metabólico e indicadores de estresse de cordeiros em terminação /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95839.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Euclides Braga MalheirosCoorientador: Ana Claudia Riggieri
Banca: Cledson Augusto Garcia
Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
Resumo: Avaliou-se o efeito da intensidade de pastejo com e sem suplementação no perfil metabólico e indicadores de estresse em 64 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês (15±3,31). O experimento foi avaliado em medidas repetidas no tempo em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro intensidades de pastejo (IP) (0,8; 1,4; 2,0 e 2,6 de índice de área foliar residual) e grupos suplementados (SP) ou não (NSP). Foram realizadas coletas de sangue a cada 21 dias totalizando seis durante o período experimental. Foram mensurados a hemoglobina, creatinina, uréia, proteína total, albumina, globulina, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), beta-hidroxibutirato, colesterol, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), relação neutrófilos:linfócitos (N:L) e cortisol plasmático. Nenhum dos indicadores sanguíneos do metabolismo protéico foi afetado pela IP e SP (p>0,05), exceto a albumina que foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos que receberam suplemento. Os níveis da glicose foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos suplementados e aumentou com a diminuição da IP (p<0,05). O AGNE apresentou níveis elevados nos grupos NSP (p<0,05) e reduziram com a diminuição da IP (p<0,05). O beta-hidroxibutirato foi modificado apenas pelo SP que foi maior (p<0,05) nos grupos que receberam suplemento. Os teores de Ca apresentaram-se crescentes com o decréscimo da IP (p<0,05). A concentração de P foi maior nos grupos SP (p<0,05). A N:L foi maior nos grupos NSP (p<0,05) e aumentou com o acréscimo da IP (p<0,05). O nível plasmático de cortisol foi maior nos grupos NSP (p<0,05). Esta caracterização metabólica mostrou que a IP e SP modificou o perfil metabólico e os indicadores sanguíneos de estresse de cordeiros em terminação
Abstract: Evaluated the effect of grazing intensity with supplementation or nonsupplementation in the metabolic profile and stress indicator in sixty four crossbred Santa Inês lambs (15,40±2,31 kg). The trial was evaluated in repeated measurement in a completely randomized design arranged 4 x 2 factorial in which grazing intensity (GI) (0.8 vs. 1.4 vs. 2.0 vs. 2.6 residual leaf area index), supplementation (SP) (nonsupplementation vs. supplementation) were the main effects to be investigated. Six sample of blood were taken during, every 21-days from the jugular vein. The hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, globulins, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), neutrophil: lymphocyte rate (N:L) and cortisol were all measured. No indicator protein metabolism was not affected for GI and SP (p>0,05), except albumin, which was high (p<0,05) in supplemented groups. The glucose levels was high in supplemented groups (p<0,05) and increased with a decrease of GI (p<0,05). The NEFA showed high levels in non supplemented groups (p<0,05) and increased with a decrease of GI (p<0,05). The β-hydroxybutyrate levels was modified only for SP (p<0,05) and supplemented groups showed greater concentration. The Ca levels showed increase with decrease of GI (p<0,05) in both supplemented and non supplemented groups. The phosphorus levels was high in supplemented groups (p<0,05). The N:L rate was modified for GI (p<0,05) showed increased levels with the increase of GI and presented high in non supplemented groups (p<0,05). The levels of cortisol was modified for supplementation only (p<0,05). This metabolic characterization showed clearly the grazing intensity and supplementation modified the metabolic profile and stress indicator in finishing lambs
Mestre
19
Fediavsky, Alexandre. "Etudes épidémiologiques de la tremblante atypique ovine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725320.
Full textAbstract:
La tremblante atypique a été découverte suite à l'intensification du dépistage des encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles des petits ruminants. Les premiers éléments disponibles suggéraient que cette forme pourrait ne pas être d'origine infectieuse, à la différence de la forme classique de tremblante. Cette nouvelle forme a soulevé des questions sur sa dangerosité pour l'homme et l'animal et ses conséquences sur l'efficacité des programmes de lutte contre la tremblante. L'objectif global de la thèse, était de décrire la situation épidémiologique de la maladie chez les ovins et d'en explorer les facteurs de risque. Nous avons entrepris une étude descriptive des résultats de la surveillance de la tremblante en France et en Europe, une exploration des facteurs de risque liés aux pratiques d'élevage et à la génétique ainsi qu'une étude de l'agrégation des cas sur le plan géographique et dans les troupeaux atteints. Dans la plupart des cas, nous avons comparé nos résultats à ceux obtenus pour la tremblante classique. Ces études ont montré que la tremblante atypique avait une prévalence assez homogène entre les différentes sous-populations comparées de l'ordre de six cas pour dix mille animaux testés, ce qui contrastait avec les résultats pour la tremblante classique, nettement plus variables. Les facteurs de risque génétique étaient marqués et aucun facteur de risque évoquant une origine infectieuse de la maladie n'a été identifié. De plus, la prévalenve de la tremblante atypique n'est pas différente dans les troupeaux atteints et dans la population générale et les cas n'avaient pas tendance à s'agréger. Ces résultats confortent l'idée que la tremblante atypique est peu ou pas contagieuse, ce qui est compatible avec une origine non infectieuse.
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Sartori, Chiara. "Generation of ovine induced pluripotent stem cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6491.
Full textAbstract:
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the early embryo and are able to differentiate into cells belonging to the three germ layers. They are a valuable tool in research and for clinical use, but their applications are limited by ethical and technical issues. In 2006 a breakthrough report described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). IPSCs are ESC-like cells generated from somatic cells by forcing the ectopic expression of specific transcription factors. This circumvents the ethical issues about the use of embryos in research and provides multiple opportunities to understand the mechanisms behind pluripotency. The aim of this project was to generate sheep iPSCs and characterise them. In order to learn the technique I initially repeated the original iPSC methodology: the putative mouse iPSCs I have generated display a morphology typical of ESCs, characterised by a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and form colonies with neat edges and smooth domes. These cells are positive to Nanog, a marker of pluripotency, and can give rise to cells belonging to the mesodermal and the ectodermal lineages when differentiated in vitro. Since the main aim of the thesis was the derivation of sheep pluripotent cells, once established the protocol in mouse, I then moved to the generation of ovine iPSC colonies. The cells I have generated have a morphology similar to that of mouse ESCs, express markers of pluripotency such as alkaline phosphatase and Nanog and can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into cells belonging to the three germ layers. Additionally, these ovine iPSCs can contribute to live born chimeric lambs, although at low level.
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Roe, John A. "Protein metabolism in adult ovine muscle cultures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254418.
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Hardman, P. "Connective tissue components of the ovine cevix." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370424.
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Lund, Brett T. "The immunobiology of ovine γδ T cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29856.
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In this thesis, the expression of the WC1 protein on ovine γδ T cells was analysed. A large number of monoclonal antibodies exist which recognise epitopes of this molecule in the bovine species. Their reactivity with ovine WC1 protein was examined, both at a cellular level and protein level. The results in this thesis, along with those published by others during the course of the thesis, identified WC1 as a protein complex with great diversity at the genetic level, and possibly at the post-transcriptional or post-translational level. Work in this thesis also confirmed that, with respect to the expression of WC1 proteins, γδ T cell immunochemistry in the ovine species is similar in some, but not all, respects to that seen in the bovine species. γδ T cells are more prevalent in the ovine species than in either the human or murine species. This may imply that sheep have a greater requirement for γδ T cells than either the human or murine species. The in vitro activation and proliferative response of ovine γδ T cells, following in vitro culture with mitogen or antigen, was examined and compared to the responses of ovine αβ T cells. The responses by γδ T cells to both antigen and mitogen were different to the responses by αβ T cells. All γδ T cells expressed markers of activation within 8hrs of culture with mitogen, in contrast, it took 24hrs for all αβ T cells to express the same markers. In addition, all γδ T cells expressed markers of activation following culture with antigen whereas there was little change in the expression of these markers on αβ T cells. Purified γδ T cells proliferated following culture with mitogen but did not proliferate in response to culture with antigen. In addition, purified γδ T cells did not proliferate following culture with allogeneic lymphocytes. These results implied that the function of γδ T cells within the immune system may be markedly different to the function of αβ T cells.
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Green, Ian R. "Studies on ovine tumour necrosis factor alpha." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29788.
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Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a mediator of inflammatory responses and pathologies of a wide variety of diseases, has been extensively studied in humans and mice. However, little has previously been known about this cytokine in the sheep, a species of value not only to the agricultural industry, but also as a laboratory animal. In this work, the cDNA encoding ovine TNFα has been amplified, cloned, sequenced and used to express recombinant ovine TNFα (rovTNFα). The latter has been partially purified, characterised and used to raise both poly- and mono- clonal antibodies. The sequence of ovine TNFα shows a high degree of homology to those of other species. Certain regions, which are known to be structurally or functionally important to the mRNA and/or protein, are particularly well conserved. Consequently, rovTNFα displays several biological activities previously noted for TNF'sα of other species, including cytotoxicity, enhancement of thymocyte and fibroblast profileration and cartilage-degrading and anti-viral activities. However, whilst rovTNFα is active in assays on ovine cells at concentrations comparable to those observed in similar assays for other species, it is 1000 fold less active than recombinant human TNFα (rhTNFα) in cytotoxicity assays on TNF-sensitive murine (L929) cells, whose general lack of species specificity allows their use in detecting TNF'sα from many sources. A monoclonal antibody raised to rovTNFα detects a glycoprotein of appropriate size for mature ovine TNFα in the supernatants of stimulated ovine cell cultures. As in other species both ovine TNFα mRNA and protein are rapidly inducible. Such supernatants repeatedly have no activity in cytotoxicity assays (sensitive to 30pg rhTNFα/ml) on L929 cells, in spite of many containing >1ng ovine TNFα/ml.
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Nalubamba, King Shimumbo. "Characterization of ovine pattern recognition receptors expression." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29909.
Full textAbstract:
The first part of my project involved the cloning, sequencing and analysis of genes for the ten sheep TLRs, adapter molecules and C-type lectins; this facilitated the development of quantitative, real-time RT-PCR assays for the accurate measurement of gene transcripts. Initial experiments used these assays to quantify innate receptor transcript levels in a range of tissues from clinically healthy adult sheep; in the distinct peripheral blood lymphocyte populations and the two afferent lymph dendritic cells subsets. The spleen, lung and lymph nodes express all TLRs; the kidney expresses high levels of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, but very low levels of TLR8, 9 and 10. The skin expresses low levels of TLR5, 6, 9 and 10 mRNA. CD172a+ DC express TLR3, 4 and 9 while CD172a- DC are Dectin-2 negative, TLR3+/-. To explore PRR expression in foetal immune system, second trimester foetal skin and spleens were collected for PRR mRNA expression determination. Foetal spleens have comparable levels of PRRs except for CD14. Significant differences were observed with TLR1, 4, 5, CD14, CARD15 and Dectin-1 between foetal and adult skin tissues. These baseline data allow deviations from normal to be identified in diseased states, Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) and has three clinical forms – asymptomatic, paucibacillary or multibacillary associated with different types of immune response possibly influenced by the particular innate receptors. Consequently the differential pattern of PRR expression in the three forms of JD might be crucial to the pathogenesis of Map. Results from the present study show the importance of the following PRRs in ovine Johne’s disease discrimination; TLR2, CD14, TLR8, CARD15(NOD2), dectin-1 and dectin-2. These findings provide an insight into one facet of Map innate immune recognition and help to elucidate new target genes for possible mutation analyses and disease genotyping.
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Rezaei, Human. "Dynamique structurale de la protéine prion ovine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0046.
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J'ai étudié l'effet, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et structurales de la protéine prion ovine, de quatre polymorphismes associés respectivement à une forte sensibilité (V136R154Q171, A136R154Q171) et une forte résistance (A136H154Q171, A136R154R171) des animaux vis-à-vis la tremblante. J'ai mis au point une technique originale de purification/renaturation de la protéine PrP pleine longueur exprimée dans E. Coli, permettant d'obtenir en une seule étape de grandes quantités de protéine monomérique pure, homogène et stable. Les spectres de CD et les paramètres de dénaturation chimique et thermique montrent que VRQ est plus structuré et stable que ARR, résultat étonnant confirmé par des expériences de protéolyse ménagée. Une étude par microcalorimétrie différentielle a montré que, pour pH<4. 5 et pH>6. 0, la dénaturation a lieu en deux étapes avec des intermédiaires présentant certaines caractéristiques de la forme pathogène : haute teneur en structure b et capacité à se polymériserI have analysed the effects on the physico-chemical and structural properties of ovine prion protein of 4 polymorphisms, which are respectively associated with a high sensitivity (V136R154Q171, A136R154Q171) and a high resistance (A136H154Q171, A136R154R171) of animal towards scrapie infection. I have first set-up an original purification/renaturation technique of the full-length protein expressed in E. Coli. This allowed us to obtain in one step high quantities or the pure monomeric, homogenous and stable protein. CD spectra and profiles of chemical and heat denaturation processes show that VRQ is more structured and more stable than ARR, an astonishing result whish was confirmed by mild proteolysis experiments. By differential microcalorimetry it was shown that, at pH<4. 5 and >6. 0, denaturation occurs in 2 steps with intermediates exhibiting some characteristics of the pathogenic form : high b sheet content and high tendency to polymerize
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Fediaevsky, Alexandre. "Etudes épidémiologiques de la tremblante atypique ovine." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21949.
Full textAbstract:
La tremblante atypique a été découverte suite à l'intensification du dépistage des encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles des petits ruminants. Les premiers éléments disponibles suggéraient que cette forme pourrait ne pas être d'origine infectieuse, à la différence de la forme classique de tremblante. Cette nouvelle forme a soulevé des questions sur sa dangerosité pour l'homme et l'animal et ses conséquences sur l'efficacité des programmes de lutte contre la tremblante. L'objectif global de la thèse, était de décrire la situation épidémiologique de la maladie chez les ovins et d'en explorer les facteurs de risque. Nous avons entrepris une étude descriptive des résultats de la surveillance de la tremblante en France et en Europe, une exploration des facteurs de risque liés aux pratiques d'élevage et à la génétique ainsi qu'une étude de l'agrégation des cas sur le plan géographique et dans les troupeaux atteints. Dans la plupart des cas, nous avons comparé nos résultats à ceux obtenus pour la tremblante classique. Ces études ont montré que la tremblante atypique avait une prévalence assez homogène entre les différentes sous-populations comparées de l'ordre de six cas pour dix mille animaux testés, ce qui contrastait avec les résultats pour la tremblante classique, nettement plus variables. Les facteurs de risque génétique étaient marqués et aucun facteur de risque évoquant une origine infectieuse de la maladie n'a été identifié. De plus, la prévalenve de la tremblante atypique n'est pas différente dans les troupeaux atteints et dans la population générale et les cas n'avaient pas tendance à s'agréger. Ces résultats confortent l'idée que la tremblante atypique est peu ou pas contagieuse, ce qui est compatible avec une origine non infectieuse
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McCafferty, Michael Campbell. "Ovine cell mediated immunity to Chlamydia psittaci." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20002.
Full textAbstract:
Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE) is an economically important disease of ewes, caused by the gram negative, intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia psittaci. The disease results in lamb loss from abortion and the perinatal death of weak lambs. Vaccines have controlled EAE for more than thirty years, however in the last decade vaccine efficacy has been poor. The primary aim of this project was to examine the cell mediated immune responses to C.psittaci in sheep and to identify potentially immunoprotective antigens for future vaccine studies, by their ability to stimulate both T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Preliminary studies determined the parameters of an antigen driven, ovine lymphocyte transformation assay for C.psittaci, employing whole chlamydial elementary bodies (EB) as antigen. It was shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) from post abortion animals would proliferate in response to chlamydial EB, although lymphocytes from naive ewes also proliferated to a lesser degree. Further studies in mice showed this latter response could be caused by a cross reaction with harmless, enteric bacteria. The development of proliferative responses of the PMBC to both EB and mitogens was also measured during gestation. Infection at this time led to the development of lasting T-cell responses and a transient suppression of the response to the T-cell mitogen, Con A. In addition, both mitogen and antigen specific responses were disrupted in the immediate pre-parturition period. These responses returned to control levels soon after lambing. The T-cell proliferative response was further characterised by probing chlamydial EB which had been separated by SDS page electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose. Individual antigens were then added to cultures of PBMC and T-cell lines generates from post abortion animals. Four antigens were identified with approximate weights of 70, 50, 38 and 30kDa which stimulated proliferation. The ability of individual chlamydial proteins to stimulate cytokine production in these cultures was also tested. The four antigens above also stimulated the production of γ-IFN in the PBMC and T-cell lines from all sheep tested. Finally, the importance of γ-IFN in a chlamydial infection was investigted in an in vivo mouse model, where neutralising γ-IFN with a monoclonal antibody resulted in an increase in the severity of infection in both thymic and athymic mice, when compared with control animals. Increased numbers of viable chlamydiae were isolated from tissues and increased pathological changes and serum interferon levels were demonstrated. The results presented in this thesis provide evidence for the involvement of cell mediated responses in ovine immunity to C.psittaci. Both T-cell proliferation and γ-IFN production can be measured, although how the responses interact with B-cells and antibody has yet to be elucidated.
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Ricke, William Allen. "Extracellular matrix remodeling in ovine corpora lutea /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974677.
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Edwards, John Reginald. "Studies on the epidemiology of ovine dermatophilosis." Thesis, Edwards, John Reginald (1991) Studies on the epidemiology of ovine dermatophilosis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42312/.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine Dermatophilosis is a bacterial dermatitis affecting the skin and fleece of sheep and is caused by the organism Dermatophilus congolensis. The aim of this thesis was to study aspects of the epidemiology of the disease in the south coast region of Western Australia.
A series of epidemiological studies and field experiments were conducted on 50 farms and two research stations between 1983 and 1989.
Dermatophilosis was present in the fleece in most flocks of lambs and hoggets. The prevalence in lamb flocks in three years was 5.1%, 6.9% and 1.6% and in hogget flocks was 8.6%, 10.4% and 9.4%. Dermatophilosis was shown to be an important source of financial loss. Total regional losses in 1983/84, 1984/85 and 1985/86 were $1.7m, $1.9m and $1.7m respectively. The main losses were due to the association with blowfly strike and in particular, the cost of jetting to prevent body strike. Other losses were due to reduced value of wool, reduced body weight, deaths due to Dermatophilosis, losses from culling, cost of treatment and tanning losses.
A technique for measuring the severity of ovine Dermatophilosis in natural infections was developed and evaluated. The severity was estimated by measuring the area and length of scabs of Dermatophilosis and calculating the total volume of scab in the fleece. The distance between the tip of the fleece and the top of the scab was used to calculate the approximate date when infection occurred. This date has application in the investigation of clinical cases where it can be used retrospectively to identify the events which led to transmission.
Dermatophilosis was produced experimentally by a method that simulated natural infection and was predictable and suitable for use in field experiments.
The risk of Dermatophilosis was directly related to the average annual rainfall and this was the only farm risk factor association present. The colour and condition of the fleece were the only associations with individual sheep risk factors.
The relationship between Dermatophilosis and farm of origin, mean fibre diameter, fibre diameter variation and yield was studied in three experiments. In contrast to other studies, increased fibre diameter was associated with a decreased risk of infection with Dermatophilosis.
Wetting, close contact and the presence of infected sheep were essential for the transmission of D. congolensis. Dermatophilosis may be prevented by avoiding these conditions. Addition of zinc sulphate to dipping fluid reduced transmission of Dermatophilosis at concentrations between 0.125% and 0.5% and prevented transmission at 1.0%.
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Depiazzi, L. J. "Virulence of Bacteroides nodosus in ovine footrot." Thesis, Depiazzi, L. J. (1988) Virulence of Bacteroides nodosus in ovine footrot. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1988. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53226/.
Full textAbstract:
Virulence, in relation to ovine footrot, was examined in a review which emphasised the primary role of Bacteroides nodosus, an anaerobic strict parasite of ungulates. The association of this parasite with other bacteria in the footrot lesion resulted in complex interactions of host. parasite and environment. However, experimentation showed that the severity of the footrot lesion was associated principally with two different properties of B. nodosus: protease stability and surface translocation, the latter being a probable function of the pilus. The relationship between virulence, extracellular protease and translocation was elucidated in terms of function rather than structure. For example, the severity of footrot lesions was not related specifically to the electrophoretic mobility of protease isoenzymes or outer membrane proteins of B. nodosus.
Although there were only two levels of protease stability, surface translocation, measured as either colony size or degree of cellular twitching, varied continuously between isolates. It was suggested that surface translocation was the basis for a continuous spectrum of virulence observed in ovine footrot. Nevertheless, protease stability was associated specifically with microbial penetration of the epidermal matrix of the hoof , hence justifying a classification of B. nodosus isolates into virulent (stable protease) and benign (unstable protease) strains. Although this classification was considered realistic, the complexity of ovine footrot was emphasised by evidence that twitching motility mediated the effects of both ambient temperature and the footrot microbial flora on the severity of all forms of the disease.
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Morgado, Kira Perry. "Producing an Ovine Model of Cystic Fibrosis." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4372.
Full textAbstract:
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that significantly affects quality of life and lifespan. There are currently no effective animal models of CF that mimic the human disease state. This prevents the development of pharmaceutical treatments for patients. Sheep have been considered for a useful animal model because of their size, life expectancy, and similarities in their anatomy and physiology. In order to generate a sheep transgenic model to study CF we have produced two Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene targeting DNA vectors containing large regions of homology to the CFTR gene in sheep. One of these targeting vectors (ΔF508Neo) contains sequences designed to delete the phenylalanine at amino acid position 508 of CFTR. Another targeting vector (G27XDTNeo) contains sequences designed to introduce an early stop codon into the CFTR gene such that no CFTR is produced. These two targeting vectors were used to transfect White Romney fibroblast cells. Donor sheep oocytes were collected for use in somatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT) with the two genetically modified cell lines. Embryos produced from scNT were transferred to recipient ewes which resulted in the birth of 11 ΔF508 heterozygous lambs and 3 G27XDT heterozygous lambs
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Alonso, Douglas do Carmo. "Avaliação hemodinâmica e respiratória em ovinos submetidos à sedação com xilazina ou dexmedetomidina antagonizada com atipamezole." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-17102016-115520/.
Full textAbstract:
Os agonistas alfa 2 adrenérgicos são sedativos empregados na rotina clínica de ruminantes, e têm, entre outras, a vantagem de possuir antagonistas específicos, que aumentam a segurança no uso destes medicamentos. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos acerca dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios em ovinos em posição quadrupedal e submetidos à sedação com xilazina ou dexmedetomidina com posterior reversão pelo atipamezole, realizou-se o presente estudo. Para tanto, foram utilizados 12 ovinos, machos, com idade entre um e dois anos, peso médio de 37,7kg, distribuídos em dois grupos de seis animais que foram submetidos a dois tratamentos distintos com média de três semanas de intervalo, em estudo do tipo prospectivo, encoberto e aleatório, sendo designados como Grupo XILA (cloridrato de xilazina 0,2 mg/kg IM) e Grupo DEX (cloridrato de dexmedetomidina 15 µg/kg IM). Para a instalação do cateter de artéria pulmonar os animais foram anestesiados com auxílio de máscara facial com isofluorano em oxigênio, e na sequência foram intubados e mantidos sob anestesia com o mesmo agente até o fim da instrumentação. Após a recuperação anestésica foram avaliados os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, hemogasométricos e respiratórios durante os primeiros 60 minutos com os animais em posição quadrupedal, para obtenção dos parâmetros basais. Finalizada esta avaliação, os animais foram submetidos aos protocolos de sedação segundo o seu grupo. Os parâmetros foram verificados e registrados aos cinco (S5), 15 (S15) e 30 minutos (S30) após sedação, e, após a aplicação de 30 µg/kg IM de atipamezole aos cinco (R5) e 15 minutos (R15). Foram avaliados frequência e ritmo cardíaco, pressão arterial sistêmica, parâmetros hemodinâmicos, frequência respiratória, hemogasometria arterial e venosa mista, temperatura central, glicemia e grau de sedação. Os índices ventilatórios e hemodinâmicos foram calculados. O período de latência em XILA e DEX foram 3,9 e 5,2 minutos. A xilazina promoveu sedação mais intensa, com diferença significativa entre os grupos aos 5 e 15min após sedação (momentos S5 e S15). Após a sedação, observou-se redução significativa da frequência cardíaca nos dois grupos, que refletiu no débito cardíaco, índice cardíaco e pressão arterial média. Houve elevação não significativa da resistência vascular sistêmica em ambos os grupos, mas que após o atipamezole ficou significativamente mais baixa no grupo XILA. A xilazina causou taquipneia, que foi inibida após o atipamezole. Não houve alterações clinicamente importantes nos valores de PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2 e nem nos índices de ventilação, indicando que não ocorreu hipoxemia, hipercapnia ou hipoventilação durante a sedação. A glicemia elevou-se de maneira significativa nos dois grupos mantendo-se elevada mesmo após o antagonista. Após administração do atipamezole os animais levaram 10,0 e 11,7 minutos para ficarem em posição quadrupedal e 19,3 e 30 minutos para reversão dos efeitos da xilazina e da dexmedetomidina, respectivamente. Tanto a xilazina como a dexmedetomidina promoveram sedação segura, com poucos efeitos hemodinâmicos e cardiorrespiratórios, sugerindo que a administração pela via intramuscular seja adequada para sedação de ovinos com xilazina ou dexmedetomidinaAdrenergic alpha 2 agonists are sedatives used in ruminants clinical routine and have, among others, the advantage of specific antagonists which increase the safety of these drugs. Given the scarcity of studies on the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters in sheep in standing position and undergoing sedation with xylazine or dexmedetomidine with subsequent reversal by atipamezol, this study was performed. For this purpose were used 12 male sheep, aged between one and two years, average weight 37,7kg. Sheep were divided into two groups of six animals that were submitted to two different treatments with a mean interval of three weeks, in a study of prospective hidden and random type, being designated as XILA Group (xylazine hydrochloride 0.2 mg/kg) and DEX Group (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 15 µg/kg) given by intramuscular route. For the installation of pulmonary artery catheter, the animals were anesthetized with facial mask with isofluorane in oxygen, and were intubated and maintained under anesthesia with the same agent until the end of instrumentation. After recovery of anesthesia, we evaluated the hemodynamic, blood gas and respiratory parameters during the first 60 minutes with animals in standing position, to obtain the baseline parameters. Completed this evaluation, the animals were submitted to sedation protocols according to their group. The parameters were checked and registered to 5 (S5), 15 (S15) and 30 minutes (S30) after sedation, and after application of 30 µg/kg atipamezole by intramuscular route to 5 (R5) and 15 minutes (R15). Frequency and heart rate, systemic blood pressure, hemodynamic parameters, respiratory rate, arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis, core temperature, blood glucose and degree of sedation were evaluated. Ventilatory and hemodynamic indices were calculated. The onset period in XILA and DEX were 3.9 and 5.2 minutes. Xylazine promoted more intense sedation, with a significant difference between the groups at 5 and 15 minutes after alpha 2 administration (S5 and S15). After sedation, significant decrease in heart rate was observed in both groups, which reflected in cardiac output, cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. There was no significant increase in systemic vascular resistance in both groups, but after atipamezol was significantly lower in the XILA group. Xylazine caused tachypnea, which was inhibited after atipamezol. There were no clinically significant changes in PaCO2, PaO2, SaO2 nor in the ventilation indices, indicating that there was no hypoxemia, hypercapnia or hypoventilation during sedation period. Blood glucose rose significantly in both groups, remained higher even after antagonist. After administration of atipamezol sheep needed 10.0 and 11.7 minutes to remain in standing position and 19.3 and 30 minutes to reverse the effects of dexmedetomidine and xylazine, respectively. Xylazine and dexmedetomidine promoted safe sedation with few hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory effects, suggesting that the intramuscularly route is suitable for sedation of sheep with xylazine or dexmedetomidine
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NGU, NGWA VICTOR. "Epidemiological studies of Ovine Paratubercolosis (Ovine Johne's disease - OJD): Study design and prevalence estimates in Marche region (Central Italy)''." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401868.
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Dunlap, Kathrin Anson. "The role of ovine betaretroviruses in uteroplacental function." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1850.
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Regnault, Timothy Robert Hume, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Orchestrated partitioning of maternal nutrients during ovine pregnancy." THESIS_FAH_ARD_Regnault_T.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/15.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine placental lactogen (oPL) is postulated to be involved in the repartitioning of maternal nutrients during pregnancy, through its effect on insulin metabolism. Ovine pancreatic insulin responses to exogenous glucose are depressed during pregnancy and this depression becomes more pronounced as gestation advances. In addition, under the hormonal environment of rising oPL and growth hormone (oGH) concentrations, maternal whole body glucose irreversible loss (GIL) increases. The percentage of GIL accounted for by uterine glucose uptake also increases with advancing gestation and increasing litter size. Regression analysis of oPL concentration with glucose uterine uptake as a percentage of GIL, accounts for 39% of variation. Maternal oPL concentrations which increase with gestational age, were significantly greater in multiple bearing ewes and ewes subjected to reduced metabolisable energy (ME) intakes. It is postulated that through actions on pancreatic sensitivity, oPL plays a major role as a homeorhetic control during pregnancy. Elevated oPL concentrations were strongly associated with continually depressed pancreatic insulin secretory ability. The reduction in pancreatic sensitivity to glucose was not as a result of elevation in GH or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Muscle insulin receptor number and affinity were found to increase with increasing litter size, suggesting that pregnancy associated insulin resistance occurs predominantly in adipose tissue. During ovine pregnancy there is a specific stimulation of maternal gluconeogenesis. As gestation advances, an increasingly greater proportion of this glucose is partitioned to the gravid uterus. The development of insulin resistance, together with the suppression of pancreatic activity, ensures the preferential uptake of glucose by non-insulin dependent tissues over insulin dependent tissues. These activities favour uterine glucose uptake, decrease adipose glucose uptake, and also promote adipose mobilisation and hepatic gluconeogenesis, so as to meet the increasing energy requirement of pregnancy. It is postulated that through these effects on insulin secretion and associated adipose tissue mobilisation factors, oPL plays a major role in homeorhesis during pregnancy.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Ramanoon, Siti Zubaidah. "Ovine intramammary infection in an accelerated lambing system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24500.pdf.
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Martin, Rebecca Louise. "Regulation of prostaglandin production in the ovine placenta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63196.pdf.
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Levy, Claire Safrai. "Identification and characterization of ovine herpesvirus 2 microRNAs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6468.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in susceptible ruminants. Through an unknown mechanism, presence of the virus leads to proliferation of NK-like T cells that are not targetrestricted by the MHC class molecules. These host cells cause the symptoms found in MCF; fever, swollen lymph nodes, and necrotic lesions of the nasal, conjunctival, and oral mucosa, which usually leads to death of the host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nt RNA molecules expressed by eukaryotes and viruses that regulate genes post-transcriptionally. Viral miRNAs have been found to regulate cellular genes to control the cell cycle and have a role in pathogenesis. It was hypothesised that OvHV-2 expresses miRNAs and these play a role in MCF pathogenesis. The aim of this project was to determine if OvHV-2 encodes miRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted on deep sequencing data from RNA of OvHV-2- immortalised T cells. Candidate miRNAs were selected if they adhered to miRNA secondary structure. 46 candidate miRNAs were found, with three clusters on the minus strand; one at the 5’ end and the other two in a 9.3 kb region that contains no predicted open reading frames. The 8 most abundant candidates were successfully validated by northern hybridisation for small RNAs. The majority of the predicted targets for the 8 validated OvHV-2 miRNAs were from the OvHV-2 genome. This study adds OvHV-2 to the list of herpesviruses that encode miRNAs and provides another tool for studying the pathogenesis of MCF.
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Lyall, Jonathan Edward Walwyn. "Transcriptional regulation of the ovine IGF-I gene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627565.
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Hyatt, Melanie Ann. "Ontogeny and nutritional programming of ovine liver growth." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438323.
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Cryer, Jennifer. "Studies on ovine adipocyte precursor cells in vitro." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339035.
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Watkins, Simon Paul. "Cloning and expression of ovine trophoblast protein-one." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306759.
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Rahmani, Hamid Reza. "Neurohypophyseal hormone receptors in the female ovine brain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337294.
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Broughan, Jennifer Mary. "Risk factors and control of ovine cutaneous myiasis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424044.
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Riaz, Aayesha. "Functional analysis of ovine herpesvirus 2 encoded microRNAs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10061.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gamma herpesvirus and is the causative agent of lymphoproliferative disease – sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in susceptible ruminants, including cattle. Sheep become persistently infected but do not show apparent clinical infection. MCF is characterized by marked T cell hyperplasia and proliferation of unrestricted cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) which leads to necrosis of infiltrated tissues and generally causes death of the host. Little is known about the underlying molecular basis of MCF pathogenesis or what controls the differences in clinical outcome of infection in two closely-related host species. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, ~22nt, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs post-transcriptianally in eukaryotes and viruses. Herpesvirus encoded miRNAs have been shown to play a role in regulating viral and cellular processes including cell cycle and may have a role in pathogenesis. OvHV-2 has also been found to encode for at least 46 OvHV-2 miRNAs in an immortalized bovine LGL cell line. 23 of these miRNAs have also been validated by northern blot analysis and RT qPCR. It was hypothesised that these OvHV-2 miRNAs may regulate viral and cellular genes expression and may play a role in MCF pathogenesis. The aim of this project was to determine if OvHV-2 miRNAs have functional targets within viral and host cell genes. Bio-informatic analysis has predicted several targets for these OvHV2 miRNAs in the 5’ and 3’ UTRs of several virus genes. Luciferase inhibition assay confirmed that out of 13 selected predicted targets, three (two targets ORF73 and one within ORF50) were positive and functional. A fourth predicted target was also found functional (ORF20), but its functionality could not be confirmed by knocking out the target site. A newly developed technique Crosslinking, Ligation And Sequencing of Hybrids (CLASH) was also used to identify miRNAs bound targets within cattle and sheep genome. High throughput sequencing and analysis of the hybrid data revealed many target genes. Four of those targeted genes, were validated by luciferase inhibition assays and three were found to be targeted by OvHV-2 miRNAs. This study gives the first evidence of viral miRNAs bound to their targets in cattle and sheep cells, by a highly sensitive technique-CLASH and provides a tool for studying differences in pathogenesis of two closely-related host species.
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Boa, Simon Andrew. "Nucleosomal organisation over the ovine β-lactoglobulin gene." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30271.
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To date, there have only been limited studies on the nucleosomal organisation of genes in their natural environment. The majority of these studies have concentrated on short regions of positioned nucleosomes spanning either repetitive DNA or the promoter regions of specific genes. However, nucleosome positioning over an entire gene domain may have a significant impact on its regulation and compaction. I have mapped the nucleosomal organisation over 10kb of a tissue specific, temporally regulated gene using the enzymatic probe, micrococcal nuclease and the chemical probe, cuprous phenanthroline. The ovine b-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene studied has a well characterised developmental profile, a minimal transcriptional domain and has been used extensively as an expression cassette in transgenic animals to driver heterologous gene transcription. When the gene is inactive, in the liver, it displays a tightly defined array of positioned nucleosomes that modulate between two specific phases over the gene domain. A similar, less tightly defined array is present when the gene is active, in the mammary gland, except over the promoter and actively transcribing regions. The same arrays are present over the BLG promoter region in transgenic mice in both active and inactive states. To extend this analysis, I used the monomer extension assay to identify nucleosomal positioning in vitro. This procedure identifies sequence dependent nucleosome positioning of single reconstituted nucleosomes. This shows an interesting relationship with known transcription factor binding sites within the BLG promoter and correlates well with the in vivo results. A number of other milk protein genes have a similar pattern of key transcription factor building sites over their promoter regions. If the nucleosome positions were conserved in these genes, with respect to these binding sites, it would support a role for positioned nucleosomes in their regulation. A total of four genes, each in two different organisms, were used to test this hypothesis.
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Pardon, Pierre. "Un Vaccin vivant contre la salmonellose abortive ovine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608716m.
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Regnault, Timothy Robert Hume. "Orchestrated partitioning of maternal nutrients during ovine pregnancy." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/15.
Full textAbstract:
Ovine placental lactogen (oPL) is postulated to be involved in the repartitioning of maternal nutrients during pregnancy, through its effect on insulin metabolism. Ovine pancreatic insulin responses to exogenous glucose are depressed during pregnancy and this depression becomes more pronounced as gestation advances. In addition, under the hormonal environment of rising oPL and growth hormone (oGH) concentrations, maternal whole body glucose irreversible loss (GIL) increases. The percentage of GIL accounted for by uterine glucose uptake also increases with advancing gestation and increasing litter size. Regression analysis of oPL concentration with glucose uterine uptake as a percentage of GIL, accounts for 39% of variation. Maternal oPL concentrations which increase with gestational age, were significantly greater in multiple bearing ewes and ewes subjected to reduced metabolisable energy (ME) intakes. It is postulated that through actions on pancreatic sensitivity, oPL plays a major role as a homeorhetic control during pregnancy. Elevated oPL concentrations were strongly associated with continually depressed pancreatic insulin secretory ability. The reduction in pancreatic sensitivity to glucose was not as a result of elevation in GH or non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Muscle insulin receptor number and affinity were found to increase with increasing litter size, suggesting that pregnancy associated insulin resistance occurs predominantly in adipose tissue. During ovine pregnancy there is a specific stimulation of maternal gluconeogenesis. As gestation advances, an increasingly greater proportion of this glucose is partitioned to the gravid uterus. The development of insulin resistance, together with the suppression of pancreatic activity, ensures the preferential uptake of glucose by non-insulin dependent tissues over insulin dependent tissues. These activities favour uterine glucose uptake, decrease adipose glucose uptake, and also promote adipose mobilisation and hepatic gluconeogenesis, so as to meet the increasing energy requirement of pregnancy. It is postulated that through these effects on insulin secretion and associated adipose tissue mobilisation factors, oPL plays a major role in homeorhesis during pregnancy.
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Regnault, Timothy Robert Hume. "Orchestrated partitioning of maternal nutrients during ovine pregnancy /." View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030513.111110/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D. of Philosophy)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1997."A thesis submitted to the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney Hawkesbury, in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-267).