Journal articles on the topic 'Overseas country potential'
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1
Gu, Junjian. "A Potential Risk of Increasing Cross-National Distance: Evidence from Less Sustainable Tax Policies." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092639.
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This study explores a possible risk of overseas investment in long cross-national distance host countries using the foreign direct investment (FDI) data in Japan. We expect that increasing cross-national distance would relate to the less sustainable tax policies by increasing the differences in economic, political, administrative, cultural, demographic, knowledge, and geographic perspectives, which enhance the motivation of tax aggressiveness and the likelihood of earnings management. Consistent with our expectations, we find that firms with longer cross-national distance are less likely to adopt sustainable tax policies. After some robust tests, our main findings remain unchanged. In additional analysis, we find the above relation is weakened when firms invest in a tax-haven country or have a high proportion of foreign ownership, while it is strengthened when firms meet an earnings benchmark. Overall, our results suggest the one risk of increasing cross-national distance between host country and home country is less sustainable tax policies.
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Sessions, Kristen L., J. Dwight Phillips, and Stephen P. Merry. "Avoiding pitfalls in overseas medical educational experiences." Christian Journal for Global Health 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i1.147.
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In the United States, there is a growing number of medical students participating in international health electives. These experiences have the potential to be mutually beneficial to both the host country and the student. However, there is a significant risk of unethical and damaging practices during these trips including concerns for sending trainees without appropriate pre-travel preparation with inadequate accountability to local health care providers at a stage in their education which imposes an undue burden on the local health facilities. This article describes one first year medical student’s experience in navigating common challenges faced on international health electives and offers practical advice enlightened by the literature on how to overcome them. We emphasize the need for students to ensure adequate pretrip preparation, communicate their level of training clearly, practice cultural humility, ensure personal safety, and engage in projects needed by the host community.
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Agarwal, Sanjeev. "Socio-Cultural Distance and the Choice of Joint Ventures: A Contingency Perspective." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 2 (June 1994): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200205.
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It is widely believed that firms choose joint venture forms overseas when confronted with high socio-cultural distance. However, the probability of choosing the joint venture form is expected to be moderated by the firm-specific characteristics of the investing firm as well as country-specific characteristics of the country of investment. This study examines the moderating role of some firm- and country-specific factors on a firm's choice of joint venture form in response to socio-cultural distance. The firm-specific factors examined in this study include size, multinationality, and technological intensity; and the country-specific factors examined in this study include country risk and market potential. Recent data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms is used to test the contingency hypotheses. Results indicate the usefulness of the contingency approach for modeling choice of joint ventures.
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J. Hurn, Brian. "The challenges facing international HRM in an increasingly globalised environment." Industrial and Commercial Training 46, no. 7 (September 30, 2014): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2014-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper to examine the responses that international HRM needs to make to the challenges it faces with increasing responsibilities in the globalised environment. It covers the key areas of recruitment, selection, training and retention and uses examples from the author's involvement in working with a major multinational in the recruitment of potential international managers. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of the concerns expressed about an international career and the coping strategies offered by employers. Findings – The paper highlights the paramount aim of international companies to reduce failure on assignment overseas and maintain retention on return to the home country. Research limitations/implications – Analysis and review of current trends to meet challenges facing international HRM. Practical implications – The increased competition to recruit potential high quality international managers, to prepare them for overseas assignments to ensure successful appointments and to plan their repatriation and retention. Originality/value – Emphasises with real-life examples the key challenges and analyses what is being done to meet them.
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Murayama, Koji, and Jun Nagayasu. "Toward Coexistence of Immigrants and Local People in Japan: Implications from Spatial Assimilation Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073849.
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We investigate the validity of spatial assimilation theory (SAT), which predicts geographical dispersion of immigrants from ethnically concentrated areas to non-concentrated areas as time elapses. This can be tested by analyzing the concentration tendency among immigrants who arrive in Japan from overseas and relocate within the country. Using spatial models, we find that immigrants from overseas tend to move to ethnically concentrated regions in Japan, which is in line with SAT. By contrast, this trend substantially weakens with their subsequent domestic relocation, and it differs by national group. The results reveal slow assimilation among nationals from countries characterized as being low-income or culturally dissimilar from Japan. Based on these findings, we discuss potential deficiencies in a new immigration policy (2018), which has been designed to increase the number of immigrants and compensate for a labor shortage in Japan.
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Balasubramanian, Madhan, David S. Brennan, A. John Spencer, Keith Watkins, and Stephanie D. Short. "Overseas-qualified dentists’ experiences and perceptions of the Australian Dental Council assessment and examination process: the importance of support structures." Australian Health Review 38, no. 4 (2014): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14022.
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Objective The Australian Dental Council is responsible for the assessment of overseas-qualified dentists seeking to practice dentistry in Australia. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the Council’s assessment and examination process through the experiences and perceptions of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia. Methods Qualitative methods were used. Life stories of 49 overseas-qualified dentists from 22 nationalities were analysed to discern significant themes and patterns. We focused on their overall as well as specific experiences of various stages of the examination. The analysis was consistent with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to social scientific research. Results Most participants referred to ‘cost’ of the examination process in terms of lost income, expenses and time. The examination itself was perceived as a tough assessment process. Some participants seemed to recognise the need for a strenuous assessment due to differences in patient management systems in Australia compared with their own country. Significantly, most of the participants stressed the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists involved in or planning to undertake the examination. These considerations about the examination experience were brought together in two themes: (1) ‘a tough stressful examination’; and (2) ‘need for support.’ Conclusion This paper highlights the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists. Appropriate support (improved information on the examination process, direction for preparation and training, further counselling advice) by recognised bodies may prevent potential exploitation of overseas-qualified dentists. Avenues that have been successful in providing necessary support, such as public sector schemes, offer policy options for limited recruitment of overseas-qualified dentists in Areas of Need locations. Such policies should also be in line with the local concerns and do not reduce opportunities for Australian-qualified dentists. What is known about the topic? During the past decade there has been a substantial increase in the number of overseas-qualified dentists migrating to Australia. Currently, one in every four dentists in Australia qualified overseas. It is likely that approximately three-quarter of migrating dentists in a given year enter through the Australian Dental Council’s examination process. To date, there is no published scholarly evidence on the experiences of overseas-qualified dentists involved in the Council’s assessment and examination process. Because more overseas-qualified dentists are being examined by the Council, it is important to reflect on the examination process so as to identify areas for future improvement. What does this paper add? This paper highlights the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists involved in or planning to undertake the Australian Dental Council’s examination process. Appropriate support (improved information on the examination process, direction for preparation and training, further counselling advice) by recognised bodies may prevent potential exploitation of overseas-qualified dentists. What are the implications for practitioners? A possible implication of the findings of this study for dentists migrating to Australia and intending to take the Australian Dental Council’s examination process would be to consider the advantages of the public sector dental schemes that have been brought to light in this study. Policy makers should also be certain that although recruitment of overseas-qualified dentists reduces the gap in service provision in rural areas, it does not constrain opportunities for Australian-qualified graduates.
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Heller, Richard F., Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Impact on carbon emissions of online study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (September 24, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.3.
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Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results: 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The likely saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO 2 emissions offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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F. Heller, Richard, Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Comparing carbon emissions between online and in-person study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (August 25, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.1.
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Background One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO2 emissions through not attending university in-person offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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Heller, Richard F., Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Comparing carbon emissions between online and in-person study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (September 7, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.2.
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Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results: 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO2 emissions through not attending university in-person offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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Christos, Lemonakis, Konstantinos Vassakis, Garefalakis Alexandros, and Michailidou Despoina. "Cooperation’s characteristics for potential innovative SMEs in crisis: The Greek paradigm." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i1p3.
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This study focuses on the role of business cooperation and firms’ exporting activity as the determinants of Greek manufacturing SMEs’ innovative extend use, contributing to the existing empirical literature. The empirical analysis based on unique both quantitative and qualitative data, derived from a survey covering more than 158 small and medium-sized Greek manufacturing firms, and examines factors affecting innovation activity, emphasizing on clustering activities. We find that inter-firm cooperation enhances innovation activity, which in turn empowers firms’ growth by improving domestic and overseas sales performance. This study opens the floor for a greater perspective in managerial and financial firms’ characteristics; Firms should take initiatives to promote collaborative networks for innovation and create trade associations that represent SMEs, in order to facilitate social interaction. Also, government should offer incentives to SMEs with high innovation potential (e.g. tax allowances) and invigorate linkages between universities, research centers and the private sector by creating effective institutional arrangements. Finally, we seek to provide policy implications to business owners, policy makers and academics, to optimize performance, in the shadow of economic turbulence that the country experiences.
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Ali, Usman, Wei Shan, Jian-Jun Wang, and Azka Amin. "OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM ASYMMETRIC ARDL APPROACH." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.6263.
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The current study explored the dynamics between economic growth and overseas investment, using time series annual data from China. For empirical analysis, we utilized asymmetric ARDL technique, which documents the potential asymmetric effects of outward foreign direct investment on economic growth in both the long run and short run. The empirical results suggest that ignoring the intrinsic asymmetries may conceal the true information about the equilibrium relationship among the variables and thus lead to misleading results. Particularly, the findings revealed that economic growth in China responds positively but differently to an increase and decrease in its overseas investment. The empirical evidence obtained through asymmetric model seemed to be superior to that of symmetric model and thus leads to more efficient policymaking to achieve sustainable economic development. Our study contributes to the existing literature by providing new insights on the outward foreign direct investment-led growth hypothesis. The findings suggest that firms investing abroad can bring source country benefits by securing access to key input factors and accessing advanced foreign technology.
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Siahaan, Juanda. "Penetapam Flow Cargo di Bandara Soekarno Hatta." WARTA ARDHIA 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v36i4.93.302-316.
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As a cargo hub airports, at Soekarno Hatta Airport happen every activities of air cargo transport service is very solid, both for domestic and international flights, domestic foreign. For air cargo transport service activities with overseas flight routes, there are two types of service activities that outgoing and incoming cargo export import cargo. Both types of activities are certainly bureaucratic administrative proceess requires that long.As a country that has the potential to increase the capacity of cargo transportation, and has a tremendous opportunity increase economic growth through air freight cargo, then the need for discussion between various parties associated with flow cargo process in Indonesia.
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OBBARD, JEFFREY PHILIP, YOKE CHIN LAI, and CLIVE BRIFFETT. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN VIETNAM: THEORY AND PRACTICE." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 04, no. 03 (September 2002): 267–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333202001029.
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Vietnam is a rapidly developing nation in Southeast Asia and has adopted and implemented mandatory legislation for Environmental Assessment since 1994. This review analyses the successes and failures of this legislation and investigates the role of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in the future development of the country. Along with many other developing nations in the region, the implementation of existing environmental legislation is generally weak in Vietnam and increased efforts to educate, train and motivate responsible personnel in the government, non-government and private development sectors is a continuing requirement. Many overseas agencies are currently financing projects to meet these current needs and to develop sustainable development policy within the natural resource management and planning framework in the country. It is concluded that Vietnam does have a good potential for an increased application of SEA, but success will depend on the effective conversion of theory into practice.
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Junior, Oswaldo Biato. "Brazil–Ukraine: Partners at Sea or Overseas Partners." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-16.
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The interview provides information on the diplomatic path of Oswaldo Biato Junior, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Federative Republic of Brazil to Ukraine. It articulates the idea that future transformations in Ukraine The article provides estimations on future changes in Ukraine will reverberate on social and political changes across the entire Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. Special attention is drawn to the beneficial strategic position of Ukraine. The article puts emphasis on the activities of the Embassy of Brazil to Ukraine aimed at strengthening cooperation between the two states. It is also noted that Brazilian society has a positive attitude towards Ukraine. The article provides data concerning the project Ukrainian Prizm, responsible for foreign policy analysis on a regular basis. It is stressed that the project is a useful initiative, since politicians can find out information on the progress made and results achieved in its framework. The article suggests that Ukraine should work upon its potential and avoid presenting itself solely as a victim of the Russian aggression. Instead, it should position itself as a country with huge trade, investment, and education capacity. The Ambassador reminds that Brazil and Ukraine have always maintained friendly diplomatic relations, which is only reinforced by the fact there are almost 500,000 Ukraine-born Brazilians. It is stressed Ukraine should be promoted in Latin America, especially given the less and less Europocentric character of the world. The articles focuses on the fact that Brazil does not and will not admit the Crimean peninsula as part of the Russian Federation. Special attention is drawn to the project of the Cyclon-4 carrier rocket. The reasons for the termination of activities in this sphere as well as new cooperation prospects are described. The interviews also offers an insight into the information on achievements in certain realms of economy in the course of the establishment of the Ukrainian-Brazilian dialogue. Key words: Ukrainian-Brazilian relations, Ambassador, Ukrainian Prizm, Latin America, bilateral cooperation.
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Wicks, Frank. "Pipelines for War and Peace." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 07 (July 1, 2016): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-jul-3.
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This article demonstrates the inevitability of pipelines for the development and growth of a city, state, or a country. During the World War II, the United States government produced and distributed posters, pamphlets, and movies to feature the heroic efforts of the workers and success of the pipelines. It inspired Americans on the home front and overseas. The potential of delivering substantial amounts of natural gas to the North overwhelmed the obstacles and conversion costs. A small group of oil industry investors started to raise money and formed the Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. New York City received natural gas for the first time in 1952. Seattle in 1956 became the last major city to receive pipeline natural gas.
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Luo, Qian, Guohua Fang, Jian Ye, Min Yan, and Chengxuan Lu. "Country Evaluation for China’s Hydropower Investment in the Belt and Road Initiative Nations." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 8281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198281.
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With the implementation of China’s “Going Out” strategy and “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) as well as the shortage of domestic hydropower market, the scale of hydropower investment along BRI by Chinese companies has expanded rapidly. However, these countries have great differences in politics, laws, economy, hydropower potential, social development and environmental constraints. Due to the inappropriate choice of countries for investment, many failure cases have also occurred. To specifically evaluate hydropower investment in these countries, this paper proposed a six-dimensional indicator system which can represents the characteristics of hydropower investment along BRI based on the analysis of the typical cases of overseas investment by Chinese enterprises. Furthermore, a fuzzy optimal model based on the Delphi-Entropy weight was constructed to evaluate the hydropower investment of 65 countries along BRI as well as a list of countries and corresponding investment grades are proposed. The result indicates that politics and hydropower industry factors are the key determinants of choosing the countries for conducting investment while legal, economic, social and environmental factors should also be covered. In conclusion, the optimal choices for China’s hydropower investment along BRI are Russia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Kazakhstan and Indonesia and the strategy has been given accordingly. Moreover the policy recommendations from the perspective of nation and enterprise level have also been proposed.
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Balasubramanian, Madhan, David S. Brennan, A. John Spencer, and Stephanie D. Short. "‘Newness–struggle–success’ continuum: a qualitative examination of the cultural adaptation process experienced by overseas-qualified dentists in Australia." Australian Health Review 40, no. 2 (2016): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15040.
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Objectives Overseas-qualified dentists constitute a significant proportion of the Australian dental workforce (approximately one in four). The aim of the present study was to provide a better understanding of the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia, so as to facilitate their integration into the Australian way of life and improve their contribution to Australian healthcare, economy and society. Methods Life stories of 49 overseas-qualified dentists from 22 countries were analysed for significant themes and patterns. We focused on their settlement experience, which relates to their social and cultural experience in Australia. This analysis was consistent with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to qualitative social scientific research. Results Many participants noted that encounters with ‘the Australian accent’ and ‘slang’ influenced their cultural experience in Australia. Most of the participants expressed ‘fascination’ with the people and lifestyle in Australia, primarily with regard to the relaxed way of life, cultural diversity and the freedom one usually experiences living in Australia. Few participants expressed ‘shock’ at not being able to find a community of similar religious faith in Australia, as they are used to in their home countries. These issues were analysed in two themes; (1) language and communication; and (2) people, religion and lifestyle. The cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia is described as a continuum or superordinate theme, which we have entitled the ‘newness–struggle–success’ continuum. This overarching theme supersedes and incorporates all subthemes. Conclusion Family, friends, community and organisational structures (universities and public sector) play a vital role in the cultural learning process, affecting overseas-qualified dentist’s ability to progress successfully through the cultural continuum. What is known about the topic? Australia is a popular host country for overseas-qualified dentists. Migrant dentists arrive from contrasting social and cultural backgrounds, and these contrasts can be somewhat more pronounced in dentists from developing countries. To date, there is no evidence available regarding the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia or elsewhere. What does this paper add? This study provides evidence to support the argument that the cultural adaptation process of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia can be viewed as a continuum state, where the individual learns to adapt to the people, language and lifestyle in Australia. The ongoing role of family and friends is primary to a successful transition process. Our research also identifies the positive role played by community and organisational structures, such as universities and public sector employment schemes. What are the implications for practitioners? A potential implication for policy makers is to focus on the positive roles played by organisational structures, particularly universities and the public sector. This can inform more supportive migration policy, as well as strengthen the role these organisations play in providing support for overseas-qualified dentists, thus enabling them to integrate more successfully into Australia’s health care system, economy and society.
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Boshoff, C., and A. P. Du Plessis. "Perceptions of a selected group of relatively affluent blacks regarding certain aspects of tourism." South African Journal of Business Management 19, no. 3 (September 30, 1988): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v19i3.980.
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Recent international and local developments have had a negative influence on the South African Tourism industry, particularly regarding the number of overseas tourists visiting the country. To compensate, the industry has renewed its interest in local options - particularly the potential and opportunities the black market offers. However, there appears to be a high degree of uncertainty about utilizing its potential. This study is an attempt to gain some insight into the tourism needs and requirements of a particular market segment, namely relatively affluent blacks. The findings reveal that affluent blacks do not exhibit tourism needs which are unique to that particular market segment, but do suggest definite needs and preferences. Information pertaining to these needs is essential for the marketer of tourism to ensure that appropriate marketing strategies are formulated which will allow for proper utilization of opportunities to the advantage of both marketer and consumer.
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Kaukab, Shahana. "Situation of Migration and Potential Available to Reverse the Brain Drain — Case from Pakistan." Public Personnel Management 34, no. 1 (March 2005): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600503400106.
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Like a typical developing country, Pakistan has been facing the challenge of losing its human resources to the more prosperous and developed countries. A sizable number of the of country's highly qualified and experienced professionals immigrate to the so-called Western and Middle Eastern regions for a wide variety of reasons. At best, this phenomenon generates some financial resources in the form of remittances sent by these overseas Pakistanis. But at worst, it constantly impoverishes the various types of enterprises, services and sectors that develop and invest in these professionals in the form of subsidized training/education at different levels. Brain drain is also governed by a multitude of influences generated locally as well as globally. Comparative monetary benefits, quality of life, perceptions of better prospects for future generations, social freedom and liberal atmosphere are some parameters that are crucial in affecting the decision making at the individual level. Different stakeholders respond to brain drain in very different ways. The most peculiar is the official viewpoint, which favors the whole situation. The governments consider brain drain as an economically productive phenomenon. Remittances and direct transactions generated by the highly qualified human resources are taken as an achievement, instead of an impending predicament in the way of national development.
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Liao, Karen Anne, and Maruja Asis. "Back to the Philippines: Connecting aspirations, return and social remittances in international student migration." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 29, no. 3 (September 2020): 402–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196820964999.
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The growing volume of international students has attracted research interest on their return experiences and the potential impacts of their overseas education in their home countries. This paper uses the notion of aspiration to investigate international students’ return experiences in connection to their motivations and perceived gains from studying abroad. Interviews with Filipino returnees who completed their postgraduate studies in Europe suggest that their plans to study abroad involved aspirations to return to the Philippines for different reasons, including career and family-related factors. Their aspirations also reflect their desired contributions to their respective occupational fields in the country. Their narratives of returning to the workplace, however, reveal institutional factors that either facilitate or constrain the transfer of ideas, knowledge and practices gained from their experiences abroad. Findings point to how returnees' workplace experiences, in turn, reshape their career aspirations and migration intentions.
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Saarinen, Jarkko, Naomi Moswete, and Masego J. Monare. "Cultural tourism: new opportunities for diversifying the tourism industry in Botswana." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 26, no. 26 (December 1, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0041.
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Abstract Botswana is known as a wilderness and safari-tourism destination, which attracts high-end overseas visitors to the country. Since the 1990s the country’s tourism policy has been based on a so called ‘High Value - Low Volume’ (HVLV) strategy referring to the aim of attracting limited numbers of tourists with high expenditure patterns. However, while such tourism operations have contributed to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country and offered investment opportunities for international companies, the position of Botswana as a HVLV destination is increasingly criticised. It is seen as offering too narrow prospects for the growth of the industry and for the local participation and benefit sharing in tourism in future. Hence, there is a need for diversification of the product with deeper involvement of local people to tourism. Therefore, communities and Botswana’s cultural and heritage attractions are increasingly seen as one of the future cornerstones of tourism development. This paper provides an overview of cultural tourism with specific reference to existing cultural and heritage attractions and the potential thereof for tourism in Botswana. The paper concludes that while the role of culture is still underutilised in tourism, the cultural tourism in Botswana has the potential to contribute to a more equitable distribution of tourism-based development and the related benefits for local communities.
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White, T. D., T. A. Payne, M. R. McNeill, and D. T. Bewsell. "The problem with grubby footwear at international borders a New Zealand case study of golfers." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6851.
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Due to New Zealands geographical isolation the country is free from many pests and diseases that are problematic in agricultural horticultural and natural environments elsewhere To help protect against incursions by new pests and diseases biosecurity officers check and if necessary clean travellers footwear as they enter the country Golf shoes can collect and carry contaminants such as soil and leaf matter If contaminated footwear is not detected at the border it can provide an entry pathway for potential biosecurity hazards such as unwanted pests and diseases This research examined the experiences of golfers returning to New Zealand after playing golf overseas both in terms of their risk awareness and of their biosecurity experiences at the New Zealand border Results show that 36 of respondents were unsure whether soil and leaf material found on golf shoes was a biosecurity risk while 56 of respondents had not seen any information regarding the requirement for clean sport shoes when travelling This may influence their response to biosecurity issues when travelling and returning to New Zealand Raising awareness of the biosecurity risks and encouraging participation among golfers could be achieved through golforientated information packs that include cleaning brushes
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Asada, Matthew K. "Of Bridges and Borders: An APSA Congressional Fellow's North American Tale." PS: Political Science & Politics 46, no. 02 (March 28, 2013): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513000127.
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I had seen once before, halfway around the world, what a new bridge could do to a border region. However, despite having worked in border towns and on border issues for more than a decade, I had never given much thought to the border in my own backyard. I remember crossing the Detroit River to visit the casinos in Windsor, Ontario, before Detroit had her own and seeing the lines of trucks waiting to cross the bridge and being unaware of the border's economic importance to the region and the country. I had studied the economic benefits of European integration, but never thought about how those lessons could be applied to the North American continent. However, last year as a 2011–2012 APSA congressional fellow working with my hometown congressman US Representative Gary Peters I had the opportunity to apply these overseas experiences to a border that mattered to my town, state, and country. The US-Canadian border is not only the world's longest nonmilitarized border, but is also the line separating my hometown Detroit, Michigan, from Windsor, Ontario; and it is the line preventing the region and the two countries from fully realizing their economic potential.
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Adcock, Lynne, and Roy Ballantyne. "Drama as a Tool in Interpretation: Practitioner Perceptions of its Strengths & Limitations." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 23 (2007): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000690.
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AbstractAlthough environmental and heritage interpretation aims to connect humans with their natural and cultural heritage, and has the potential to contribute to a vision of sustainable living, it often falls short of engaging and inspiring its audiences. Some interpreters advocate the use of artistic approaches to create more affective (imaginary-emotional-sensory-aesthetic) experiences. One approach considered compatible is drama. Powerful dramatic experiences can embed interpretive stories in the emotions and leave enduring impressions. Drama is accepted as an interpretive tool overseas, yet it is under-utilised in Australia. How can it be used to strengthen interpretation in this country? This paper presents the outcomes of research investigating the perceptions of ten Queensland practitioners of dramatised interpretation regarding drama's strengths, limitations and value as a tool in interpretation. The authors contend that drama has much to offer interpretation, although further evaluative studies are clearly needed.
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de Costa, Caroline M., Darren B. Russell, Naomi R. de Costa, Michael Carrette, and Heather M. McNamee. "Introducing early medical abortion in Australia: there is a need to update abortion laws." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07035.
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Recent changes to Federal Therapeutic Goods Administration legislation have seen the limited introduction of the drug mifepristone to Australia for the purpose of early medical abortion. At the same time it has become evident that both methotrexate and misoprostol, licenced and available for other indications, are being used safely and appropriately for early abortion by Australian medical practitioners. Early medical abortion is widely practiced overseas where its safety and effectiveness are well supported by current evidence. However, abortion law in many states is still contained within the Criminal Codes and does not reflect current evidence-based abortion practice. In other states and territories restrictions on where abortions may be performed pose potential barriers to the introduction of mifepristone for medical abortion. There is an urgent need for abortion law to be clarified and made uniform across the country so that the best possible services can be provided to Australian women.
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Limp, William F., and Malcolm D. Williamson. "Strategies for International Travel with “High-Tech” Archaeological Field Equipment." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.24.
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ABSTRACTConducting archaeological fieldwork increasingly relies on “high-tech” instruments. These include such technologies as portable X-ray diffraction; ground penetrating radar; high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers; laser scanners; multispectral, thermal, lidar, and hyperspectral instruments on Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs); and many others. Using these devices internationally can present complex issues with export regulations and the potential for duties and value-added taxes. In short, there are many regulations affecting the movement of these devices across international borders. In the past, archaeologists had interactions with customs personnel and faced the complexities of import and export laws at the end of a project, as they dealt with the issues of taking samples or artifacts out of a country for study. Today's archaeologists must be prepared before they even begin their travel to ensure that their equipment and software can travel overseas. This article provides a practical overview of the laws, regulations, and practices affecting international transport of the archaeological high-tech tool kit.
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Kollek, Daniel. "Terrorism in Canada." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000790.
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AbstractThis paper reviews terrorism in Canada, assessing the incidence and nature of terrorist activity, the potential targets of terrorist attacks, risk factors to Canadian nationals and institutions, and the responses of the Canadian government in dealing with the threat and the effectiveness of those responses.Despite the fact that there have been no recent high-profile terrorist events in Canada, this country has a serious terrorism problem, the key manifestation of which is the multitude of terrorist organizations that have designated Canada as a base of operations. In addition, Canadians have been attacked overseas and Canadian organizations, both local and abroad, are potential targets of terrorist activity. Canadian attempts to deal with terrorism through foreign and domestic policy have been ineffective, primarily because the policies have been poorly enforced. Until recently, terrorist organizations legally could raise funds in Canada, in direct contravention of international treaties signed by Canada. It is possible that the ineffectiveness in enforcing the anti-terrorism legislation stems from hope that placating terrorist organizations, and the countries that support them, will prevent Canada from becoming a target. Unfortunately evidence from other countries has shown this strategy to be ineffective.
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Guo, Ru, Xiaodong Qiu, and Yiyi He. "Research on Agricultural Cooperation Potential between China and CEE Countries Based on Resource Complementarity." Mathematics 9, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9050503.
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Central and East European (CEE) countries are attractive among emerging markets due to a combination of factors such as economic growth and market potential. Although the CEE countries as a whole have a very high degree of connectivity, each country has different market opportunities and external environment, so agricultural enterprises wanting to enter the CEE market must take into account the diverse and complex resource base of CEE countries. In the light of economic globalization, China and CEE countries face mutual opportunities and challenges, and it is necessary to strengthen agricultural cooperation. The potential of agricultural investment cooperation between China and CEE countries is the basis for multinational enterprises to allocate resources and implement internationalization strategies rationally. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theagricultural cooperation potential between China and CEE countries in the perspective of resource complementarity, with a selection of macro data related to agricultural capacity from 2009–2018. In particular, this study examines the differences and complementarities between China and CEE countries in terms of agricultural resource conditions and product output and trade; by constructing an agricultural cooperation potential evaluation model, the entropy value method is applied to predict and evaluate the potential characteristics of agricultural cooperation between China and CEE countries in 2021–2025. The research results show that the current intermittent and episodic nature of agricultural cooperation between China and CEE countries does not match the high or medium-high level of complementarity between agricultural production factors. Thus, agricultural enterprises can utiliza such considerable cooperation potential based on the resource complementarity to develop internationalization strategies and overseas investment.
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Tournois, Laurent, and Damien Forterre. "The extremes of franchising in a post-communist country." Journal of Business Strategy 41, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-01-2019-0022.
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Purpose Franchising has become an increasingly popular overseas expansion strategy for companies in various industries. A successful development in a transition economy such as Serbia has been exclusively associated with McDonald’s, which raises concerns about the ability of other international franchises to penetrate the Serbian market. The purpose of this paper is to explore the customer-based constraints that may hamper the spread of franchising in a post-communist country. Specifically, factors such as country-of-origin (COO) effects, longevity and brand localness/globalness that may affect consumers’ preferences are considered. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses mixed methods, that is to say a combination of qualitative and semi-quantitative approaches. Primary data were collected using (45) semi-structured interviews with local customers. The (success) story of McDonald’s in Serbia serves as the reference point. Findings The findings suggest that COO and localness are both relevant in explaining consumer preferences. Longevity signals the ability to adhere to international standards as well as regular local engagement. The results also stress that, contrary to widespread belief, global franchise names do not have an advantage over local players. Research limitations/implications Further investigation is needed to empirically examine the relationships between several key variables identified in the present study (longevity, COO, tradition, patriotism, trust, emotional attachment, perceived quality, authenticity, satisfaction, behavioral intentions). These may influence franchise system penetration and, ultimately, its performance. Practical implications Although post-communist countries have become highly appealing for international fast-food and coffee-shop chains, these countries are hard-to-please environments for setting-up and operating a franchise business. These findings advocate franchises to find the right balance between their global name and a quick integration of indigenous attributes to compensate for their late entry. Franchise marketing managers must develop a brand narrative that includes both local brand associations and global/international standards to increase franchise brand awareness and generate a positive consumer attitude. Originality/value Despite the call for more studies on franchising in emerging markets and their realities, not much attention has been paid to (local) customer-related constraints. The inclusion of a temporal perspective appeared to be highly relevant in investigating the potential effect of longevity on the local development of the franchise system. Moreover, there is a scarcity of scholarly branding research in the franchising sector. Local competition, although a neglected dimension in prior studies, has been examined through consumer preferences toward global and local brands. The chosen research methodology responds to the recent call of scholars for more diverse approaches. Finally, as a post-communist, transition and emerging economy, Serbia serves as a stimulating and yet uncovered research setting, given its tumultuous history with Western countries, as well as the long successful history of the McDonald’s franchise.
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Ge, Lin. "Discourse Analyses of Chinese Visiting Professors at Canadian Universities: Adaptation and Transformation." International Education Studies 12, no. 4 (March 20, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n4p87.
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Chinese visiting professors, as Chinese university educators, are playing both practitioners and conformists in adapting to Western teaching perspectives and pedagogies while maintaining Chinese teaching beliefs. This study attempts to understand the international university experiences (Canada) of Chinese visiting professors. Arguably, Chinese visiting professors might potentially engage in programs aimed at providing an advance preparation for Chinese international graduate students, furthering their successful transition in study abroad. This paper is oriented to a post-structural paradigm in order to remain open to the attitudes, beliefs, and values of participants. The findings of a discourse analysis of Chinese visiting professors at a Canadian university are presented. The findings disclosed specific accounts as provided by this research group (i.e. dual academic and teaching experiences, and bicultural experiences in Chinese and Canadian universities). Using the findings, recommendations were made in bridging potential challenges to studying abroad. Specific to this task is the construction of an in-country program aimed at preparing Chinese undergraduate and graduate students for study overseas (specifically in Canada).
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Seol, Jinah. "KNOU-UNESCO Cooperative Model for PCPD Region Development." Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-09-01-2014-b007.
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This study aims to explore KNOU's potential for supporting international education programmes and to propose a cooperative model between KNOU and UNESCO for establishing an open and distance learning (ODL) system in the ‘post conflict, post disaster’ (PCPD) regions. Coupled with UNESCO's expertise in rehabilitation programmes, KNOU will be able to initiate an international ODL programme by transferring its experience and technical and media know-how to the respective developing countries. This study examines pedagogical usage of ICTs and a possible collaborative model among institutions in three phases: an introduction stage, a development stage, and a completion stage. To strategically effect an international cooperative model, four potential action plans by KNOU are suggested. First, KNOU and UNESCO should construct a team that will choose a PCPD country as a case study and consult specific strategiesfor the implementation of the KNOU model. Second, leadership seminars and training programmes should be developed concurrently. Third, networking and cooperative systems should be set up with local universities. And, finally, student exchange programmes and overseas volunteer programmes should be designed and operated. Utilization of its advanced and systematic DE cooperative model will allow KNOU, as one of the leading ODL institutions, to carry out a meaningful international cooperative venture with UNESCO.
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Caprio, Mark E. "The Eagle has Landed: Groping for a Korean Role in the Pacific War." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02101001.
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The first Americans to arrive in Korea following Japan’s surrender at the end of World War II brought with them a quartet of Korean soldiers that U.S. officials had recruited for the Eagle Project, the most ambitious American effort to use Koreans in the Pacific War that punctuated a long wartime effort to enlist Allied diplomatic and military support for overseas Koreans. In response, U.S. officials had insisted that Korean exiles in the United States unify their efforts. This condition referenced squabbles among Korean groups in general, with the most transparent being those between Syngman Rhee and Haan Kilsoo. While Korean combatants on the Asian mainland managed to gain some U.S. support for their cause, recognition of their potential came too late in the war for them to help liberate their country. Ultimately, the United States turned to the Japanese and Japanese-trained Koreans to assist in this occupation. Reviewing the history of both Korean lobbying and U.S. response to it provides the opportunity to ask whether better handling of the Korean issue during World War II could have provided U.S. occupation forces with better circumstances to prepare southern Korea for a swift, and unified, independence.
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Kuznetsov, A. "Russian Transnational Corporations in Services’ Sphere." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2011): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-7-71-80.
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In 2000, Russia took the 27th place in the world ranking in terms of annual volume of outgoing FDI. In 2008, Russia joined the top 10. However, due to the ongoing structural adjustment of the world economy in the near future the Russian exporters of raw materials and semi-processed goods should not expect an equally favorable market situation that had provided the financial base for large-scale investment abroad. There is a global FDI trend towards a gradual shift in favor of the sectors of high-tech industries and dynamically progressing services’ sphere. At the same time, the leading TNCs continue to determine the competitiveness of national economies and to exert a significant impact on the current configuration of the international division of labor, transforming the global value chains. In this regard, it is important that external investment of the Russian corporations contribute to modernization of the domestic economy and do not constitute just a form of capital flight from the country. The article identifies reasons why some industries of the Russian economy have deployed a massive overseas expansion while others have failed to realize the potential of FDI.
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Devi Dwi Wulandari, Novi Puspitasari, and Ana Mufida. "Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar, Dan Suku Bunga Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan Di Bursa Efek Negara-Negara ASEAN." RELASI : JURNAL EKONOMI 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v16i1.346.
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The stock market of ASEAN at present has experienced various of development rapidly on one side, but on the other side also extremely vulnerable to influence various changes in macro economy, social, and political in the country and overseas. Macro economy conditions can influence composite stock price index. Indicators of macro economy are chosen in research is inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate. The three is part of the key variables of macro economy that can be used to see the activity of a country’s economy. This research analyzed the influence of third macro economy variables to composite stock price index in five ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Thailand were using analysis multiple linear regression with research’s periode January 2014 up to December 2016. Results showing that partially, only exchange rate which have significant effect on composite stock price index, while inflation and interest rate has no significant effect on composite stock price index. Simultaneously the inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate equally had a significant effect on the composite stock price index, but only able to explain as much as 19,1 %. This research is only use 3 economy variables. Further research is expected to add other variables considered more potential.
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TLEUBAYEVA, AITOLKIN TLEUBAYKYZY, ADAI SEKEN, and GAUKHAR ILYASOVNA ESHENKULOVA. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS MODEL IN RURAL TOURISM OF KAZAKHSTAN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ECO-VILLAGE “TOKSUMAK”)." Региональные проблемы преобразования экономики, no. 6 (November 13, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26726/1812-7096-2019-6-83-93.
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Objective. The article examines the activities of Eco-Village “Toksumak”. Method. The analysis of the tourist activity of the farm-hotel on a specific example. We consider many types of tourism, combined with rural tourism Eco-Village “Toksumak”. Results. All foreign tourists came to the farm “Toksumak” to get acquainted with the life, customs and life of Kazakh people, thanks to labor and rural tourism. All of these agrotourists – honest, hardworking, conscience, conscious, careful in their affairs. In this regard, one of the advantages of tourism is that there is an exchange of experience and people from different countries can become a good example for each other, sharing good qualities. At the same time, Kazakh real life can be shown thanks to rural lifestyle. Thus, the head of the farm-hotel, Eco-Village “Toksumak” Olzhas Omarov is one of the unique citizens of our country, taking an active part in recognizing us overseas tourists and countries, the formation of a certain image, development of tourism and business. He makes a special contribution to the economic, social and environmental development of the Republic Kazakhstan. Application results. The results of the analysis can be used in the analysis of tourism activities, for writing dissertations and scientific articles. Conclusions. Thus, the unique model of rural tourism Eco-Village “Toksumak” can be developed in other regions of Kazakhstan. Since using the potential opportunities that exist in many regions of the country, we will be able to improve all types of tourism that can be developed in combination with rural tourism. This requires maximum support from both the state and local authorities.
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Balanutsa, Oleksandr, and Olha Seheda. "Public Diplomacy of Ukraine in Kuwait: Thinking out of the Box." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXI (2020): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-15.
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Abstract. The paper considers Ukrainian public diplomacy events carried out by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine in cooperation with Ukrainian embassies overseas to strengthen the positive image of Ukraine in the international arena. The research has revealed that the modern concept of Ukrainian public diplomacy, which has replaced the outdated principle of cultural and humanitarian cooperation, is in need of new methods and ways of its implementation. In particular, what is implied here is harnessing the potential of digital diplomacy and crafting comprehensive multilateral projects involving both public and private actors. Such an approach will obviously require enhanced coordination among state bodies, public organisations and foundations as well as embracing modern digital technologies in the diplomatic agenda. Given the unprecedented nature of such initiatives in Ukraine’s diplomatic service, one of the main aspects of this research was to model the perspectives of holding large-scale image events, especially in the field of digital diplomacy, by Ukrainian diplomatic missions abroad. Considering the multifaceted concept of public diplomacy, it is stated that none of the existing algorithms can ensure the success of practices in the realm of public diplomacy. On the other hand, numerous indices, such as The Soft Power 30, Global Go To Think Tank Index, and Future Brand Country Index 2019, evaluate country profiles in the field of public diplomacy by using mathematical methods. Based on the Week of Ukraine in Kuwait 2020 and online projects initiated by the Embassy of Ukraine in the State of Kuwait, the article analyses the effectiveness of alternative approaches to the implementation of Ukrainian public diplomacy in Kuwait. Keywords: public diplomacy, image-making projects, digital diplomacy, international image.
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Pandit, AP, Neha Bhagatkar, and Mallika Ramachandran. "Personal Protective Equipment used for Infection Control in Dental Practices." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 3, no. 1 (2015): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1030.
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ABSTRACT The potential size of India's dental market is vast and is expected to become one of the largest single country markets for overseas dental products and materials. The total market for the dental equipment and materials is estimated to be around US$ 90 million annually. There are more than 1, 80,000 dental professionals in India, 297 dental institutes and over 5,000 dental laboratories. Thus, there is a huge potential for the market of personal protective equipment (PPE) used for infection control in dentistry. India's market for dental products is extremely dynamic, with a current estimated growth rate of between 25 and 30%. Overall, the dental market is expected to grow by 20%.1 The personal protective equipment used in the practice of dentistry in India. Since dentistry is predominantly a surgical discipline, it leads to exposure to the pathogenic microorganisms harbored in blood, body fluids and other potentially infectious material. Thus, the use of adequate and good quality PPE is imperative for infection control in dental practice. With the growing potential of India's dental market, the growth of the market for PPE is inevitable. But, it is equally important to raise the awareness among dental community about good quality products adhering to required standards to prevent the usage of low-cost, uncertified and sub-standard products that decrease the safety levels of personnel. The present study is conducted with a view to observe the personal protective equipment used for infection control in dental practices. How to cite this article Pandit AP, Bhagatkar N, Ramachandran M. Personal Protective Equipment used for Infection Control in Dental Practices. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(1):10-12.
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Close, Natalie. "Tradition vs. Pop Culture: Attracting Tourists with the Cool Japan Campaign." Mutual Images Journal, no. 5 (December 20, 2018): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32926/2018.5.clo.tradi.
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In 2008 the Japanese government set a goal of attracting 20 million foreign tourists by the Olympics in 2020. The country managed to achieve that goal by last year and has since revised their goal to 40 million tourists by 2020. A big part of the drive to increase tourist numbers has been the government led Cool Japan campaign. Attracting foreign tourists remains one of the mainstays of the Cool Japan campaign, as can be seen in the tourist-focused events and advertising witnessed overseas. One of the key aspects of the Cool Japan campaign has been to promote creative cultural industries, in particular businesses associated with anime, manga and gaming. This can be seen in such promotional activities as the closing ceremony for the Rio Olympics and the appointment of anime characters such as Doraemon, Atom Boy and Sailor Moon as ambassadors for Japan. However, the campaign has been accused of lacking focus as it tries to simultaneously promote aspects of both traditional and modern Japanese culture. This can be seen in the Japan National Tourism Organisation’s promotional campaigns featuring more traditional aspects of Japanese culture such as temples and festivals. In addition, there have been accusations that the Cool Japan campaign has done little to understand what foreign visitors are actually interested in and how best to promote the country. This paper investigates the success of the Cool Japan campaign and looks at the extent to which this fractured focus is actually attracting tourists. The research draws on data collected in Japan with those experiencing Japan as part of their vacation and interviews with tourists. The focus of this paper is on how the Cool Japan campaign influences potential tourists, and how effective the use of anime characters to promote Japan actually is.
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Ubando, Aristotle T., Charles B. Felix, Ivan Henderson V. Gue, Andres Philip Mayol, Nieves A. Toledo, Soledad S. Garibay, Caridad N. Jimenez, Jose Bienvenido M. Biona, and Alvin B. Culaba. "Priority Evaluation of Life Cycle Impact Factors for Algal Biofuel Production in the Philippines Using Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.355.
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Algal biofuel is considered as an advanced generation bioenergy fuel which addresses the concerns of the preceding generations of biofuels on crop land competition and water consumption. Microalgae are considered as the only biomass feedstock capable of displacing fossil-fuel based on very high-oil yield per land area and other benefits. The production of biofuels in the Philippines is mandated by its Biofuel Act of 2006 which aims to introduce low-carbon fuels to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the dependence on oil imports. The Philippines’ biodiesel production uses solely coconut as biomass feedstock to produce coconut methyl ester (CME). With the mandate to increase the biodiesel blend to 5% by 2015, this adds pressure to the production of CME while battling for the fluctuating price of coconut. Due to the archipelagic geography and tropical climate of the country, abundance of thriving endemic species of microalgae can be found in the country. Hence, algal biofuel presents a viable option to alternatively produce biodiesel in the Philippines. Thus, policies in sustainable production of algal biofuel based on its environmental impact and natural resource consumption must initially be developed and drafted. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach was recommended to evaluate the sustainability of algal biofuel production in the country leading to policy development. Prior finalizing the impact assessment of an LCA study, prioritization of impact factors must initially be established and evaluated based on the programs and goals of the government and other stakeholders. LCA studies on algal biofuels were previously conducted overseas. However, the impact assessment of such studies is not applicable for the Philippines. Furthermore, there has been limited LCA study on algal biofuel production in the Philippines. Hence, this study proposes to establish a multi-criteria decision structure of the life-cycle impact factors of algal biofuels specifically for the Philippines and quantifying its priority levels using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a multi-criteria decision analysis which quantifies the prioritization weights of the considered impact factors via pairwise comparison method. Survey shall be conducted to various government agencies, the industry, and other research institutions to establish an initial impact assessment of algal biofuels in the country. The initial results revealed priority are given to global warming potential, eco-toxicity, and photochemical ozone depletion, respectively. The results of this work shall aid the policy and decision makers of the country to develop and draft environmental policies and strategic plans for the proliferation of algal biofuels in the Philippines.
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Zolotarev, E. V. "To economic security threats and challenges arising from activities of foreign advisory, auditing and other professional firms." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.9.1711.
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Subject. As the world economy gets more globalized, businesses and authorities need services from foreign auditing and consulting firms. Their operations may mainly depend on the political situation, what customers often overlook when concluding audit and consuming contracts. Objectives. I identify and evaluate possible challenges and threats to the economic security at the micro- and macrolevel. They relate to negative aspects of operations of international auditing and consulting networks’ members. Methods. The study is based on the dialectical method, systems approach, chart-based and graphic interpretation of empirical and factual information. Results. The article describes the Russian market of audit and consulting. We also examine drawbacks of the Russian legislation in this and related areas, point out and analyze major governmental contracts with members of international networks. The article enlists potential economic security threats, including the leakage of sensitive information, overseas management of governmental processes, destructive activities, national spending and corruption. We prepare and substantiate our suggestions on the development of special-purpose federal laws on consulting and a special advisory institution in charge of external control (analytical center) as part of leading scientific and educational organizations in the country. Conclusions and Relevance. Foreign auditing and consulting companies and their activities pose threats to the economic security of systemically-important institutions and the nation as a whole. Environment for the domestic audit and consulting practice to evolve. Therefore, there should be economic and legislative.
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Tyagi, Anand P., and Bijendra Datt. "Bumpiness problem and its remedy in Papaya (Carica Papaya)." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 22, no. 1 (2004): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp04011.
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Papaya (pawpaw) Carica papaya L. belongs to family Caricaceae. Papaya is a very good source of fruit sugar, vitamin A, B and C. This fruit is rich in minerals and salts and makes very good food. Fiji's climate is very suitable to grow papaya and Fijian grown papaya has a big export market. Main importing countries so far are New Zealand, Japan and Canada. Another potential country for exporting papaya from Fiji is Australia. However, strict quality control and high sanitary requirements must be met to export papaya to Australia. Papaya export has gone up in last few years but unfortunately there has been no export so far to Australia. Fruit's shape, size and smoothness are important determinant factors for export market. Misshapen fruits with bumps are not acceptable in overseas market. Similarly most importing countries prefer medium sized fruits. To get good quality papaya particularly fruits without bumps, it is necessary to apply Boron in soil. Results obtained in the present investigation showed that 5.0kg Boron (applied as borax pentahydrate) per hectare was very effective in reducing bumpiness to a very minimum thus improving the quality of fruits. Boron as such showed no effect on papaya yield per plant. Three cultivars tested for average fruit weight showed acceptable fruit weight for local and export market. However, Solo Sunrise was identified as the highest average fruit yielding cultivar (tons/hectare). Improvement in quality of papaya will open up new markets for export.
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Liang, Panning, Mingyang Yu, and Lincheng Jiang. "Energy Investment Risk Assessment for Nations along China’s Belt & Road Initiative: A Deep Learning Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052406.
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In 2013, China proposed the “Belt & Road Initiative” which aims to invest the “Belt & Road” countries so as to help them develop their infrastructure and economy. China consumes the largest part of fossil energy of the whole world, so it is China’s priority to consider its energy supplying security. Therefore, it becomes urgent for China to invest the “Belt & Road” countries’ energy facilities. There comes a question: how to evaluate the overseas energy investment risk? To answer this question, this paper proposes a deep learning method to assess such risk of the 50 “Belt & Road” countries. Specifically, this paper first proposes an indicator system in which 6 main factors are separated into 36 sub-factors. This paper makes use of hierarchical convolution neural networks (CNN) to encode the historical statistics. The hierarchical structure could help CNN handle the long historical statistics more effectively and efficiently. Afterward, this paper leverages the self-attention layer to calculate the weights of each sub-factor. It could be observed that the resource potential is the most important indicator, while “years of China’s diplomatic relations” is the most important sub-indicator. Finally, we use a conditional random field (CRF) layer and softmax layer to compute the assessment scores of each country. Based on the experimental results, this paper suggests Russia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Kazakhstan to be China’s most reliable choices for energy investment.
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Zhou, Jing, Wei Lan, and Yingkai Tang. "The value of institutional shareholders." Management Decision 54, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2014-0615.
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Purpose – By integrating agency theory with the institution-based view, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether-and if so, how-the likelihood of completion of cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) is influenced by institutional shareholders, in interaction with institutional quality and constraints both at the country and firm levels. Design/methodology/approach – After controlling for endogeneity by the latent instrumental variable (LIV) approach, the authors test the hypotheses using a sample of CBAs undertaken by Chinese listed firms during the period 2002-2012. Findings – The authors find that as institutional shareholders tend to enhance the quality of corporate governance, an overseas acquisition attempt undertaken by acquiring firm with greater institutional ownership is more likely to be completed. This relation is more prominent when the acquisition is exposed to inferior institutional context, such as when the target firm is domiciled in countries with weaker institutional quality, the acquiring firm is state-controlled, or the target is publicly traded in stock markets. Research limitations/implications – An additional focus on the share-price reaction to the announcement or long-term alliance performance of such CBAs may reveal the relative importance of institutional shareholders in CBAs. The potential varying effects between domestic and foreign institutional investors deserve to be tested. Other factors, for instance antitrust laws, could be further studied. Practical implications – The results will better inform and enhance governance and internationalization strategies of Chinese firms that are expected to undertake CBAs activities in areas such as the cooperation with institutional shareholders, the choice of target domiciled location, the reform of ownership structure, and the selection of target’s types in host country. In addition, given a broadly similar pattern of legal evolution between China and many other emerging countries since the 1990s (Peng and Heath, 1996), China’s experience may also provide valuable lessons and insights for firms from other emerging economies when undertaking CBAs activities in their internationalization strategies. Originality/value – This study develops a theoretical link of firm-specific characteristics and country-level factors into an integrated analytical framework by applying agency theory in interaction with institution theory into literature on CBAs. This theoretical framework varies from most of extant studies often using a single theory into their analysis and would thus provide a new analytical train of thought for future studies.
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Shinoda, Sumio. "Special Issue on J-GRID (Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Disease)." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0765.
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In the developed countries including Japan, malignant tumor (cancer), heart disease and cerebral apoplexy are major causes of death, but infectious diseases still responsible for high mortality in the developing countries, especially for children less than 5 years of age. World Health Statistics published byWHO indicates a high percentage of mortality from infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diarrhea, measles, malaria and pneumonia in children of South and Southeast Asian and African countries (World Health Statistics 2014,World Health Organization). Many of these infectious diseases have the potential for borderless transmission and invasion to Japan. Given this situation, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) introduced Phase I of a program “Founding Research Centers for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases,” running from fiscal 2005 to 2009 and involving 8 Japanese universities and 2 Japanese research centers. The program was established to: 1) Create of a domestic research structure to promote the accumulation of fundamental knowledge about infectious diseases, 2) Set up 13 overseas research collaboration centers in 8 countries at high risk of emerging and reemerging infections, Japanese researchers are stationed at these centers, where they conduct research in partnership with overseas instructors, 3) Develop a network among domestic and overseas research centers, 4) Develop human resources. The program, supervised by MEXT, and managed by the RIKEN Center of the Research Network for Infectious Diseases (Riken CRNID). Dr. Yoshiyuki Nagai, Program Director (PD), heads CRNID and is organizing the program. Phase II of the program was set up as the Japan Initiative for the Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases (J-GRID) and was established for fiscal 2010-2014. Participating universities, institutes and countries in J-GRID are as follows: Hokkaido University : Zambia Tohoku University : Philippines The University of Tokyo : China Tokyo Medical and Dental University : Ghana Osaka University : Thailand Kobe University : Indonesia Okayama University : India Nagasaki University : Vietnam Kenya (Associate*) Niigata University : Myanmar (Associate*) National Center for Global Health and Medicine : Vietnam National Institute of Animal Health : Thailand *Two associate members were involved in 2011. Each university and institute set up its collaborative research center in a country and conducts research on infectious diseases, especially typical regional diseases. The program’s outcome of each collaborative center is announced by the publication of various research papers or outreach programs, such as open lectures for citizens, and so on. The Asian-African Research Forum (AARF) on Infectious Disease organized by J-GRID is dedicated to reporting and discussing the research results of the collaborative research centers. Details and activities of J-GRID can be seen at http://www.crnid.riken.jp/jgrid/. The Figs. 1 and 2 show examples of the home page indicating the countries and the collaborative research institutes involved. J-GRID publishes the magazine entitled “Monthly CRNID,” which is available by mail upon request to “https://krs.bz/crnid/m?f=2&m=1110&t=8cdk&v=076691d2.” This publication contains various topical information on infectious diseases, such as research papers, newly announced news from WHO, overseas trip news, domestic infections, new drug developments, explanations, events, etc. Phase II will terminate on March 2015 (the end of FY 2014), and Phase III will begin in April 2015 at the start of the new FY. This special issue on J-GRID is being edited on the occasion of the final year of Phase II. The outlines of J-GRID and those of all the collaborative research centers are reviewed by Dr. Nagai, PD of CRNID, and the representatives of each respective collaborative center in this issue. Finally, I extend my sincere thanks to all authors and reviewers involved in this special issue.
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Bourdeaux, Margaret Ellis, Lynn Lawry, Eugene V. Bonventre, and Frederick M. Burkle. "Involvement of the US Department of Defense in Civilian Assistance, Part I: A Quantitative Description of the Projects Funded by the Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid Program." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 1 (March 2010): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1935789300002445.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: To review the history and goals of the US Department of Defense's largest civilian assistance program, the Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster and Civic Aid Program and to describe the number, geographic regions, years, key words, countries, and types of projects carried out under this program since 2001.Methods: Using the program's central database, we reviewed all approved projects since 2001 and tabulated them by year, combatant command, country, and key word. We also reviewed the project descriptions of projects funded between January 1, 2006, and February 9, 2008, and examined how their activities varied by combatant command and year.Results: Of the 5395 projects in the database, 2097 were funded. Projects took place in more than 90 countries, with Southern, Pacific, and Africa Command hosting the greatest number. The most common types of projects were school, health, disaster response, and water infrastructure construction, and disaster-response training. The “global war on terror” was the key word most frequently tagged to project descriptions. Project descriptions lacked stated goals as well as implementation and coordination strategies with potential partners, and did not report outcome or impact indicators.Conclusion: The geographic reach of the program is vast and projects take place in a wide variety of public sectors. Yet their security and civilian assistance value remains unclear given the lack of stated project goals, implementation strategies, or measures of effectiveness. To facilitate transparency and policy discussion, we recommend project proposals include hypotheses as to how they will enhance US security, their relevance to the public sector they address, and outcome and impact indicators that can assess their value and effectiveness.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:66-73)
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Dinglasa, Ramil A. "Cultural and Emotional Intelligence: It’s Role in the Cross-Cultural Adjustment of Filipino Expatriates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 10, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.16488.
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With the rise of globalization, labor migration is estimated to increase in the future as developed countries will experience shortages in skills of certain age brackets of the working population, thus, requiring more migrant labor in order to address this gap. Filipinos represent a considerable number of expatriates around the world. By 2018, there were 2.3 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW), and 24.3 % (558,900) of them worked in Saudi Arabia. These expatriates pursue economic opportunities in the Kingdom due to better job prospects and higher earning potential despite the cross-cultural adjustment challenges. This study aims to explore the influence of Cultural and Emotional intelligence in the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates in Saudi Arabia. A survey was conducted on 483 male OFWs, both descriptive and correlational research methods were used to test the hypotheses. Correlation results showed the significant positive associations with moderately strong correlations between cultural intelligence (CQ) and the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates in Saudi Arabia. Behavioral and motivational CQ could significantly predict the cross-cultural adjustment of Filipino expatriates. Emotional intelligence (EQ) and the expatriate Filipino’s cross-cultural adjustment in Saudi Arabia showed significant association, with Appraisal and Recognition of Emotion in Others as its strongest predictor. The Filipino expatriates’ status, first time or seasoned, significantly moderated the association between EQ factors and their cross-cultural adjustment degree. This study suggests that high CQ and EQ levels along with previous experience with the host country could serve well as important considerations in international careers. This paper contributes a new perspective to the literature on Filipino expatriate management and cross-cultural adjustment.
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Starodubtsyeva, Elena Borisovna, and Anna Danilovna Kim. "Problems of Russia’s participation in global value chains." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2021-2-21-30.
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The article explores the key issues tied to Russia’s participating in global value chains under constraints in national economic development and business. Specificities of Russian economy and Russian sectoral specialization, which includes export-oriented production and increased demand in Russian energy resources, natural resources, oil extraction industry and other extraction and manufacturing industry products among overseas producers and consumers in the world market, play a significant role as crucial reasons for Russia’s deeper engagement in the process of creating added value. Russia possesses a certain set of potential in taking advantageous positions in the global chains and is capable to deliver a set of benefits that create opportunities for improvement in the country’s current participation in international production. In reality, the Russian manufacturers aren’t sufficiently advantageous in global value chains and their engagement in the sphere of international cooperation within global value chains isn’t effective due to regulatory restrictions and the fact that Russian economy lags behind developed economies. There have been defined the features of Russian economy and business, the weak points, key differences from other countries that participate in the global value chains and key indicators of Russia’s engagement in global value chains. Within the defined major issues that prevent Russia from engaging in global value chains effectively, the state plans to eliminate issues and measures to implement these plans and strategies for improvement in the positions and ways of integration of the country were examined. In conclusion there were formulated the possible ways of improving the position of Russia in the global value chains, based on the reviewed problems and constraints in national entrepreneurship, state support system and conditions of international trade
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Li, Yongzhou, and Shiqiu Liu. "Resource Support or Emotional Trust: Effects of Perceived Organizational Support on Entrepreneurial Performance of Global Talents in China." E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123503003.
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Global talents are introduced for entrepreneurship and development in China, which is not only a significant way to gather heterogeneous human capital and realize industrial transformation and upgrading in a short period of time, but also a strategic measure to drive innovative development and build an innovative country relying on talents. The regional innovation network gathers innovation elements such as upstream and downstream enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes in the industrial chain, which provides great information and resource support for global talents to gather innovation and entrepreneurship in China. Taking global talents in China as the research object, this paper constructs the relationship model among perceived organizational support, innovation network embeddedness and entrepreneurship performance in innovation network and conducts empirical research. The survey data of Global Talents in China was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and MPLUS 7.4. The results show that the two dimensions of perceived organizational support instrumentality and emotionality have significant positive impact on entrepreneurial performance and innovation network embeddedness; while innovation network embeddedness has significant positive effects on entrepreneurial performance, but the influence of structural embeddedness is more significant than that of relational embeddedness; relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness play a partial mediating role in the influence of instrumental support and emotional support on technological innovation performance, while structural embeddedness plays a complete mediating role in the influence of instrumental support and emotional support on growth potential performance. Based on the results of empirical research, the paper proposes to further optimize the allocation of network resources, strengthen emotional support, expand the scale of innovative network, and strive to create an international talent development environment that is similar to overseas.
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Kamel, Hany, and Emad Awadallah. "The extent of voluntary corporate disclosure in the Egyptian Stock Exchange." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 7, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 266–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-05-2015-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current level of voluntary corporate disclosure in the Egyptian Stock Exchange. In addition, it explores the factors influencing the extensiveness of voluntary disclosure and examines the potential consequences of such disclosure in regards to the phenomenon of earnings management. Design/methodology/approach A relevant disclosure index to the Egyptian context was adopted to assess the level of voluntary disclosure in the 2010 annual reports of the most actively traded companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. The relationship between the extent of voluntary disclosure and each specific-related factor was examined using unranked and ranked OLS regression models. Meanwhile, a system of simultaneous equations was performed using a two-stage least squares regression model in order to investigate whether companies with higher levels of voluntary disclosure exhibit lower levels of earnings management practices. Findings The results indicate that the level of voluntary disclosure is positively responsive to specific corporate attributes, namely, the type of auditing firm and the two industries of Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, and Chemicals. However, no significant indications were found that firm size, leverage, profitability and liquidity are important determinants of corporate disclosure. Also, the results show no evidence to support the prior anticipation that a higher level of voluntary disclosure reduces the ability of managers to make use of earnings management. On the contrary, it was found that leverage and the tendency of firms to avoid reporting declines in earnings are the main drivers of the phenomenon of earnings management in Egypt. Practical implications This paper has important implications for both domestic and overseas investors in Egypt as well as the regulatory authorities in the developing economies. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is its focus on the extent of voluntary disclosure in a developing country such as Egypt, which has a high potential for economic growth in the near future. Besides, this paper is the first to examine the relationship between the level of voluntary disclosure and the phenomenon of earnings management in the Egyptian context.
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Gimatdinov, R. R., and I. R. Nasyrov. "Interacting with Compatriots in Russian Regions: the Experience of Tatarstan." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(42) (June 28, 2015): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-3-42-94-102.
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Work with compatriots promoting the cultural presence of Russia in the world becomes an important element of "soft power" Supporting the preservation and development among compatriots the cultural traditions of the Tatar people as components of ethnic and cultural diversity of Russia, Tatarstan participates in the implementation of the national foreign policy. The Republic of Tatarstan interacts constructively with the Russian Foreign Ministry, Rossotrudnichestvo, takes part in the activities of the Government Commission on Compatriots Abroad. Work with compatriots is carried out by the executive authorities of the republic within a number of regional government programs. The Coordination Council for the Affairs of Compatriots is created in Tatarstan .The sessions of the World Congress of Tatars (WCT) are held every five years. The Executive Committee of the WCT is in contact with one and a half hundreds of Tatar organizations in about 40 countries. The most important event in the in the cultural life of Tatar diaspora is celebration of Sabantui. The Days of the Republic of Tatarstan are also held abroad with great success,and they are aimed at strengthening bilateral cooperation together with the promotion of Tatar culture in the world.A special place in the activities of all the Tatar communities takes the honoring and support of the WWII and labor veterans. Work with the young people is the part of interaction with compatriots: youth forums and camps with the study of the Tatar language are organized. Attracting of compatriots to Tatarstan universities is carried out within Russian government programs.The work of strengthening business ties in the framework of the Tatar diaspora is conducted systematically. The interaction with various target groups of compatriots (women, scientists, cultural figures) is organized.The authors propose measures of uniting overseas communities of compatriots and exploiting their potential to promote the interests of the country and its regions.