Academic literature on the topic 'Overseas country potential'
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Journal articles on the topic "Overseas country potential"
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Gu, Junjian. "A Potential Risk of Increasing Cross-National Distance: Evidence from Less Sustainable Tax Policies." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092639.
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This study explores a possible risk of overseas investment in long cross-national distance host countries using the foreign direct investment (FDI) data in Japan. We expect that increasing cross-national distance would relate to the less sustainable tax policies by increasing the differences in economic, political, administrative, cultural, demographic, knowledge, and geographic perspectives, which enhance the motivation of tax aggressiveness and the likelihood of earnings management. Consistent with our expectations, we find that firms with longer cross-national distance are less likely to adopt sustainable tax policies. After some robust tests, our main findings remain unchanged. In additional analysis, we find the above relation is weakened when firms invest in a tax-haven country or have a high proportion of foreign ownership, while it is strengthened when firms meet an earnings benchmark. Overall, our results suggest the one risk of increasing cross-national distance between host country and home country is less sustainable tax policies.
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Sessions, Kristen L., J. Dwight Phillips, and Stephen P. Merry. "Avoiding pitfalls in overseas medical educational experiences." Christian Journal for Global Health 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i1.147.
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In the United States, there is a growing number of medical students participating in international health electives. These experiences have the potential to be mutually beneficial to both the host country and the student. However, there is a significant risk of unethical and damaging practices during these trips including concerns for sending trainees without appropriate pre-travel preparation with inadequate accountability to local health care providers at a stage in their education which imposes an undue burden on the local health facilities. This article describes one first year medical student’s experience in navigating common challenges faced on international health electives and offers practical advice enlightened by the literature on how to overcome them. We emphasize the need for students to ensure adequate pretrip preparation, communicate their level of training clearly, practice cultural humility, ensure personal safety, and engage in projects needed by the host community.
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Agarwal, Sanjeev. "Socio-Cultural Distance and the Choice of Joint Ventures: A Contingency Perspective." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 2 (June 1994): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200205.
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It is widely believed that firms choose joint venture forms overseas when confronted with high socio-cultural distance. However, the probability of choosing the joint venture form is expected to be moderated by the firm-specific characteristics of the investing firm as well as country-specific characteristics of the country of investment. This study examines the moderating role of some firm- and country-specific factors on a firm's choice of joint venture form in response to socio-cultural distance. The firm-specific factors examined in this study include size, multinationality, and technological intensity; and the country-specific factors examined in this study include country risk and market potential. Recent data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms is used to test the contingency hypotheses. Results indicate the usefulness of the contingency approach for modeling choice of joint ventures.
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J. Hurn, Brian. "The challenges facing international HRM in an increasingly globalised environment." Industrial and Commercial Training 46, no. 7 (September 30, 2014): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2014-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper to examine the responses that international HRM needs to make to the challenges it faces with increasing responsibilities in the globalised environment. It covers the key areas of recruitment, selection, training and retention and uses examples from the author's involvement in working with a major multinational in the recruitment of potential international managers. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of the concerns expressed about an international career and the coping strategies offered by employers. Findings – The paper highlights the paramount aim of international companies to reduce failure on assignment overseas and maintain retention on return to the home country. Research limitations/implications – Analysis and review of current trends to meet challenges facing international HRM. Practical implications – The increased competition to recruit potential high quality international managers, to prepare them for overseas assignments to ensure successful appointments and to plan their repatriation and retention. Originality/value – Emphasises with real-life examples the key challenges and analyses what is being done to meet them.
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Murayama, Koji, and Jun Nagayasu. "Toward Coexistence of Immigrants and Local People in Japan: Implications from Spatial Assimilation Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073849.
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We investigate the validity of spatial assimilation theory (SAT), which predicts geographical dispersion of immigrants from ethnically concentrated areas to non-concentrated areas as time elapses. This can be tested by analyzing the concentration tendency among immigrants who arrive in Japan from overseas and relocate within the country. Using spatial models, we find that immigrants from overseas tend to move to ethnically concentrated regions in Japan, which is in line with SAT. By contrast, this trend substantially weakens with their subsequent domestic relocation, and it differs by national group. The results reveal slow assimilation among nationals from countries characterized as being low-income or culturally dissimilar from Japan. Based on these findings, we discuss potential deficiencies in a new immigration policy (2018), which has been designed to increase the number of immigrants and compensate for a labor shortage in Japan.
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Balasubramanian, Madhan, David S. Brennan, A. John Spencer, Keith Watkins, and Stephanie D. Short. "Overseas-qualified dentists’ experiences and perceptions of the Australian Dental Council assessment and examination process: the importance of support structures." Australian Health Review 38, no. 4 (2014): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14022.
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Objective The Australian Dental Council is responsible for the assessment of overseas-qualified dentists seeking to practice dentistry in Australia. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the Council’s assessment and examination process through the experiences and perceptions of overseas-qualified dentists in Australia. Methods Qualitative methods were used. Life stories of 49 overseas-qualified dentists from 22 nationalities were analysed to discern significant themes and patterns. We focused on their overall as well as specific experiences of various stages of the examination. The analysis was consistent with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to social scientific research. Results Most participants referred to ‘cost’ of the examination process in terms of lost income, expenses and time. The examination itself was perceived as a tough assessment process. Some participants seemed to recognise the need for a strenuous assessment due to differences in patient management systems in Australia compared with their own country. Significantly, most of the participants stressed the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists involved in or planning to undertake the examination. These considerations about the examination experience were brought together in two themes: (1) ‘a tough stressful examination’; and (2) ‘need for support.’ Conclusion This paper highlights the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists. Appropriate support (improved information on the examination process, direction for preparation and training, further counselling advice) by recognised bodies may prevent potential exploitation of overseas-qualified dentists. Avenues that have been successful in providing necessary support, such as public sector schemes, offer policy options for limited recruitment of overseas-qualified dentists in Areas of Need locations. Such policies should also be in line with the local concerns and do not reduce opportunities for Australian-qualified dentists. What is known about the topic? During the past decade there has been a substantial increase in the number of overseas-qualified dentists migrating to Australia. Currently, one in every four dentists in Australia qualified overseas. It is likely that approximately three-quarter of migrating dentists in a given year enter through the Australian Dental Council’s examination process. To date, there is no published scholarly evidence on the experiences of overseas-qualified dentists involved in the Council’s assessment and examination process. Because more overseas-qualified dentists are being examined by the Council, it is important to reflect on the examination process so as to identify areas for future improvement. What does this paper add? This paper highlights the importance of support structures for overseas-qualified dentists involved in or planning to undertake the Australian Dental Council’s examination process. Appropriate support (improved information on the examination process, direction for preparation and training, further counselling advice) by recognised bodies may prevent potential exploitation of overseas-qualified dentists. What are the implications for practitioners? A possible implication of the findings of this study for dentists migrating to Australia and intending to take the Australian Dental Council’s examination process would be to consider the advantages of the public sector dental schemes that have been brought to light in this study. Policy makers should also be certain that although recruitment of overseas-qualified dentists reduces the gap in service provision in rural areas, it does not constrain opportunities for Australian-qualified graduates.
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Heller, Richard F., Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Impact on carbon emissions of online study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (September 24, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.3.
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Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results: 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The likely saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO 2 emissions offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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F. Heller, Richard, Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Comparing carbon emissions between online and in-person study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (August 25, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.1.
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Background One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO2 emissions through not attending university in-person offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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Heller, Richard F., Ya-Yen Sun, Zhe Guo, and Arunima Malik. "Comparing carbon emissions between online and in-person study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study." F1000Research 10 (September 7, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55156.2.
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Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University MPH programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. We estimated the aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students reside, and subtracted the per capita emissions for the country of origin from the per capita emissions for the UK over the time that the student would have spent in Manchester as a full-time student, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results: 128 students enrolled from 55 cities in 31 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO2 emissions through not attending university in-person offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
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Christos, Lemonakis, Konstantinos Vassakis, Garefalakis Alexandros, and Michailidou Despoina. "Cooperation’s characteristics for potential innovative SMEs in crisis: The Greek paradigm." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i1p3.
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This study focuses on the role of business cooperation and firms’ exporting activity as the determinants of Greek manufacturing SMEs’ innovative extend use, contributing to the existing empirical literature. The empirical analysis based on unique both quantitative and qualitative data, derived from a survey covering more than 158 small and medium-sized Greek manufacturing firms, and examines factors affecting innovation activity, emphasizing on clustering activities. We find that inter-firm cooperation enhances innovation activity, which in turn empowers firms’ growth by improving domestic and overseas sales performance. This study opens the floor for a greater perspective in managerial and financial firms’ characteristics; Firms should take initiatives to promote collaborative networks for innovation and create trade associations that represent SMEs, in order to facilitate social interaction. Also, government should offer incentives to SMEs with high innovation potential (e.g. tax allowances) and invigorate linkages between universities, research centers and the private sector by creating effective institutional arrangements. Finally, we seek to provide policy implications to business owners, policy makers and academics, to optimize performance, in the shadow of economic turbulence that the country experiences.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Overseas country potential"
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Gould, Richard Robert, and RichardGould@ozemail com au. "International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countries." RMIT University. Social Science & Planning, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081125.145312.
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The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
Books on the topic "Overseas country potential"
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Schweitzer, Stuart O., and Z. John Lu. Drug Approval Process in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623784.003.0013.
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The drug approval process in any country involves a balancing of conflicting social objectives: safety and access. Faster approval leads to quicker access to potentially life-saving medicine, yet could also lead to false positives or, worse, unsafe products on the market. The United States has a widely respected but stringent and rigorous review process overseen by the Food and Drug Administration. This chapter performs an in-depth analysis of the pharmaceutical regulatory approval process in the United States. Standards, guidelines, and critical milestones for basic research, animal testing, and clinical trials in the drug R&D process are explained. It highlights major drug legislation since the beginning of the twentieth century and how this legislation has helped the FDA become the gold standard in pharmaceutical regulation worldwide. The registration pathways for generics and biosimilars are also discussed.
Book chapters on the topic "Overseas country potential"
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Bozorg-Haddad, Omid, Mohammad-Reza Rajabi, and Hugo A. Loáiciga. "Land use planning and overseas production." In Water Resources: Future Perspectives, Challenges, Concepts and Necessities, 87–102. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062144_0087.
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Abstract Land use planning is defined as the regulation of the relationship between space and human activities. Space occupied by human settlements, farmland and forests, parks, fallow land, rivers and lakes, and by transportation networks constitutes a network of areas dedicated to land uses such as agriculture, forestry, rangeland, industry, mining, recreation, and fishing. Land use planning is a comprehensive and long-term approach to planning human relations and their activities in space; it is the task of regulating and coordinating the strategies and general orientations of sectors, and it is the foundation of economies and human activities. The purpose of land use planning is to achieve an optimal distribution of economic and social activities. Land use selection and management are commonly done without regard to the carrying capacity of the land which, when exceeded, results in economic losses and in a reduction of environmental quality. The overall goal of land use planning is to achieve the optimal use of the land within the national interest framework. Accordingly, formulating a successful plan for managing the development of a country requires proper attention to the roles of geography and land use. Creation of a suitable balance between the Earth and its use by human activities can be achieved by proper land management. The increasing importance of environmental issues and human alteration of natural environments calls for sustainable development and land use practices that conserve natural resources while benefiting society and the environment. Nowadays, due to many factors such as climate change, population growth, changing standards of living, poverty, access to education, and mismanagement of natural and water resources, there is a need to diversify food and agricultural production in a variety of ways. Overseas cultivation is one of them, and it has potential for improving agricultural production. The practice of overseas cultivation by a country means planting and harvesting of a variety of agricultural products in other countries to be sold in its domestic market or in foreign markets. There are five basic principles that underline the success of overseas cultivation involving any group of countries: (1) mutual respect for the governance of all countries; (2) making and abiding by agreements between the countries; (3) non-interference in the internal problems of each country and respect for the territorial integrity of all countries; (4) optimal use of human resources and capacities to support agricultural activities and trade; and (5) expanding security and military cooperation.
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Yang, Ping. "Intercultural Communication between East and West." In Handbook of Research on Study Abroad Programs and Outbound Mobility, 755–77. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0169-5.ch030.
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This chapter examines verbal and non-verbal intercultural communication challenges faced by Australian students studying abroad in China. Using intercultural communication theories, the author analyses potential cultural shock and intercultural differences to help Australian students be aware of academic and social survival skills in their destination country. While there are many publications about international students' intercultural communication issues and intercultural adaptation difficulties within English-speaking countries, there are comparatively few works on Australian students' intercultural communication competence needed for living in China. This chapter looks at pedagogical implications of intercultural communication training for Australian students prior to their overseas studies and outbound mobility experience.
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Yang, Ping. "Intercultural Communication Between East and West." In Multicultural Instructional Design, 840–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9279-2.ch039.
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This chapter examines verbal and non-verbal intercultural communication challenges faced by Australian students studying abroad in China. Using intercultural communication theories, the author analyses potential cultural shock and intercultural differences to help Australian students be aware of academic and social survival skills in their destination country. While there are many publications about international students' intercultural communication issues and intercultural adaptation difficulties within English-speaking countries, there are comparatively few works on Australian students' intercultural communication competence needed for living in China. This chapter looks at pedagogical implications of intercultural communication training for Australian students prior to their overseas studies and outbound mobility experience.
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Reid, Peter H. "The Peace Corps and Tanzania." In Every Hill a Burial Place, 47–59. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179988.003.0008.
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The Peace Corps was founded in 1961. The first problem faced was whether any country would ask for volunteers. To address this problem, Sargent Shriver, the first Peace Corps director, traveled early on to Africa to encourage requests and met Tanzanian president Julius Nyerere, who asked for engineers, and the second group of volunteers to arrive overseas landed in Tanzania in 1961. Tanzania became independent from Great Britain in 1961. The journey to independence, how it was governed in 1966 at the time of the Kinsey case, and relations between the United States and Tanzania are examined, with a discussion of the roles of Julius Nyerere, Paul Bomani, and Lady Marion Chesham. The case presents a potential international disaster for this country, still in its infancy, at a time when there are already strains over Nyerere’s “African socialism” and America’s role in the Congo.
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Welsch, Michelle. "Interest and Intent in Pursuing Higher Education." In International Student Mobility and Opportunities for Growth in the Global Marketplace, 246–60. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3451-8.ch016.
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This chapter study investigated the views and plans of 519 Nepali students considering higher education overseas. Students ages 16 to 32 from government and private learning institutions throughout Kaski District, Nepal completed a questionnaire on interest in higher education and perceptions of study abroad programs. Participants recorded potential countries of interest, reasons for continued study, and anticipated means of financial support. Students were hypothesized to be influenced by peers, motivated by financial gain, and reliant upon financial aid sources such as scholarships and grants. Results indicated statistical differences between students from rural and city areas and those enrolled in government and boarding institutions; subject of choice, sources used for information, motivation, and anticipated means of financial support varied among groups. Education level and peer influence were also statistically significant, affecting students' country of choice and motivation to pursue degrees abroad. Implications for additional research and suggestions for educators are discussed.
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Dean, Laura A. "Tracing the development of anti-trafficking institutions." In Diffusing Human Trafficking Policy in Eurasia, 73–98. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352839.003.0004.
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This chapter builds on policy adoption, by tracing different anti-trafficking institutions created directly or indirectly as a result of that adoption. It analyzes and compares the establishment and development of five different anti-trafficking institutions: national coordinators, working groups, police units, shelters for victims, and victim certification processes. Although many of these institutions were developed as a result of policy adoption, they are not always codified and even some that are established, fail to work effectively and are only hollow Potemkinesque institutions. The chapter demonstrates that once anti-trafficking institutions are entrenched in countries and there are mechanisms to ensure the institutions’ survival, they have the potential to not only oversee implementation but also are effective actors in the policy subsystem working to develop better and more responsive policy in the future. A competent working group composed of civil society and government officials, which meets regularly, is the most effective anti-trafficking institution a country can possess. However, police units were the only institution that was effectively implemented demonstrating the institutional emphasis on criminalization across all three cases.
Conference papers on the topic "Overseas country potential"
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Yue, Wang, Zhan Lechang, Ma Wenjuan, Zhang Yongxin, and Ma Li. "Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66279.
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Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..
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Biddle, Nathan, Jorge Siqueira, Anne Guedes, Mariana França, Nayara Ferreira, and Daniela Coelho. "How Brazil Operators and Regulators Implemented, Audited and Learned from COVID-19." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31255-ms.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the potential risk for personnel abandonment of various oil and gas installations that was unprecedented in the industry. Uncertainties on how to implement and monitor these processes was a significant challenge. This pandemic scenario required that operators and regulators work together to reformulate their normal way of working to decrease the risk of virus exposure to personnel, while still ensuring critical elements were implemented for safe operations. Regulators were required to act quickly to implement and adjust regulations to meet the new demands for safe operations during the global pandemic. Through joint discussions with industry associations and an understanding of the situation, the Brazilian oil and gas industry regulator, ANP, was able to immediately implement tracking requirements and, within less than one month after formal declaration of a state of emergency, issued new regulations for the restart and operations of installations. These measures assisted in a better understanding of the COVID-19 situation onboard offshore installations and in disseminating learnings across Exploration and Production (E&P) industry. Operators across Brazil all implemented modified emergency response plans, new hazard identification measures and means to reduce the risks of these identified hazards in response to COVID-19. The ANP worked to oversee the manner in which these measures were conducted, while successfully assisting in reducing demands on offshore work during the pandemic by migrating to a fully-remote means of regulatory enforcement and auditing. Regulators and operators all worked across five key areas and within the joint efforts significantly mitigated the impacts which COVID-19 had on the industry in Brazil. These key areas were: Operational Safety Documentation, procedures within the regulations and management system to cope with the pandemic scenario; Tracking of COVID-19 cases and effective response measures/learnings across industry; Hazard Identification related to the operational conditions impacted by the COVID-19 crisis; Risk Assessment for the identified hazards because of the pandemic; and Emergency Response plans for response to the worst-case operational scenario during a pandemic. Although severe outbreaks did occur on several installations, causing temporary shutdowns, there have to date been no major operational accidents as a result of COVID-19 personnel evacuations or procedures. Additionally, the total oil and gas production levels for Brazil have been maintained or increased across the sector. These high-level performance indicators demonstrate that through the efforts of the ANP, operators, service providers and other regulators, the pandemic situation is being managed successfully while the industry also continues meet the necessary energy demands of the country. Although the global pandemic has been a sobering and dark period in history for all, there have been positive outcomes for the oil and gas exploration and production industry. The three most apparent positive outcomes are: Ability of regulators and operators to adapt together; A focus by all players on the safety of the workforce and environment;. Effectively operating under adverse conditions with reduced and essential workforce.