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Moran, Michael. "Whatever Happened to Overloaded Government?" Political Quarterly 89, no. 1 (December 2, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12450.
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Muhinat, Bello Bolanle. "Scores From Overloaded Continuous Assessment Timetable: A Predictor Of Senior School Students Performance In Economics In Ilorin South." Anterior Jurnal 20, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v20i2.1724.
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This research work was carried out to investigate and ascertain how scores from overloaded continuous assessment (C.A) timetable predict senior school students’ academic performance in economics in Ilorin south local government. The study adopted an ex-post-facto design, and sample senior school (SS-II) students as the target population from nine randomly selected senior schools in Ilorin south local government. A hundred and eighty-two senior school students’ 2019 C.A and examination were sampled with the use of proforma. The data collected was analyzed using the mean score and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The findings revealed that the students’ performance in economics C.A was low as a result of the overloaded in the C.A timetable. The result indicated that there was a significant relationship between senior school students’ C.A score and their economics examination at 0.05 level of significance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that school administrators should ensure that C.A timetable is properly designed and structured in a way that will enhance the performance of students in economics C.A in Ilorin south local government
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Huang, Haiyun, Junyong Zhou, Junping Zhang, Wangxi Xu, Zhixing Chen, and Ningning Li. "Effects of Revised Toll-by-Weight Policy on Truck Overloading Behavior and Bridge Infrastructure Damage Using Weigh-in-Motion Data: A Comparative Study in China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 4, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5910463.
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Since 2000, overloaded trucks have caused more than 50 bridges to collapse in China. In an effort to ensure the structural safety and extend the service life of the highway infrastructure, the Chinese government has proposed a series of policies in the past decade to mitigate truck overloading. This study aimed at investigating the effects of China’s recently revised toll-by-weight policy on truck overloading behavior and bridge infrastructure damage using weigh-in-motion data that spanned seven years (January 2011 to March 2018) and two successive toll-by-weight policies (with the new one implemented from August 2016), wherein truck data were measured from a typical national freeway segment. We first compared truck traffic volumes, compositions, and weight distributions under the initial and revised toll-by-weight policies. Next, we compared bridge infrastructure performance with respect to safety and fatigue based on the overloaded truck traffic observed under the initial and revised toll-by-weight policies. The results indicated that the revised toll-by-weight policy, which uses a stepwise incremental fee structure based on vehicle weight, was more effective at controlling truck overloading behavior and reducing bridge infrastructure damage than the initial toll-by-weight policy. Under the current policy, average daily truck volumes, overloaded truck proportions, and maximum truck weights decreased significantly. Concurrently, extreme and equivalent load effects for safety and fatigue assessments, respectively, decreased by an average of 20% for small- to medium-span bridges. Despite these noted improvements, overloaded truck traffic persisted, with loads often exceeding bridge design levels. This study’s findings can support future efforts by the Chinese government to further refine their toll-by-weight policies and subsequently ensure a safe and viable transportation network.
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Haveri, Arto. "Nordic local government: a success story, but will it last?" International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-09-2014-0118.
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Purpose – The Nordic narrative on local government highlights municipalities’ role in social consumption, a model, which is often considered a success story. The purpose of this paper is to apply Gerry Stoker’s (2011) theory on local government roles in society to critically analyse the sustainability of the Nordic model. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on literature review, documents and statistics of Nordic public authorities’, the author formulates exploratory theoretical propositions on the sustainability of the Nordic model of local government. Findings – The emphasis placed on welfare task has made Nordic local government overloaded and vulnerable to central government intervention and reforms, resulting in a cumulative process towards an ever narrowing conception of local government. Research limitations/implications – The research results are exploratory. Comparative empirical research is needed to verify the idea. Social implications – The legitimacy of Nordic local government may be challenged because of municipalities’ weakening possibilities to discharge their welfare role in a manner that would satisfy citizens’ growing needs. Originality/value – The paper is a critical analyses of the sustainability of local government system in Nordic countries. It discusses the possible negative consequences of the overemphasis of the welfare role of local government.
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Liu, Shuiyun, and Peter C. van der Sijde. "Towards the Entrepreneurial University 2.0: Reaffirming the Responsibility of Universities in the Era of Accountability." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063073.
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Universities have been expected to do more to solve economic and social problems in the knowledge-based society. Many universities have tried to become more entrepreneurial in order to respond to the overloaded demands from external society. However, the notion of entrepreneurial university is still quite vague, and so this paper firstly tries to propose a comprehensive framework describing the entrepreneurial university. Facing the increasing global competition, the national governments have also push universities to do more for the society and to be accountable for their “effectiveness” and “quality”, by using the new public management techniques. However, these managerialism approaches have posed serious challenge for the development of entrepreneurial universities. In order to better balance the expectation for being entrepreneurial from the external industry and society, and the managerialism requirement from the government, this paper proposes to reassert the responsibility of universities in the accountability era, moving towards “Entrepreneurial Universities 2.0”.
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Song, Xingyi, Johann Petrak, Ye Jiang, Iknoor Singh, Diana Maynard, and Kalina Bontcheva. "Classification aware neural topic model for COVID-19 disinformation categorisation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e0247086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247086.
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The explosion of disinformation accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded fact-checkers and media worldwide, and brought a new major challenge to government responses worldwide. Not only is disinformation creating confusion about medical science amongst citizens, but it is also amplifying distrust in policy makers and governments. To help tackle this, we developed computational methods to categorise COVID-19 disinformation. The COVID-19 disinformation categories could be used for a) focusing fact-checking efforts on the most damaging kinds of COVID-19 disinformation; b) guiding policy makers who are trying to deliver effective public health messages and counter effectively COVID-19 disinformation. This paper presents: 1) a corpus containing what is currently the largest available set of manually annotated COVID-19 disinformation categories; 2) a classification-aware neural topic model (CANTM) designed for COVID-19 disinformation category classification and topic discovery; 3) an extensive analysis of COVID-19 disinformation categories with respect to time, volume, false type, media type and origin source.
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Trisnawathi, Ida Ayu Adi. "Panca Wali Krama 2019; through fire of Mount Agung Eruption to Overloaded Morgue crisis." Bali Tourism Journal 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36675/btj.v3i1.28.
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Balinese people hold Yadnya ceremony Panca Wali Krama every ten years. Panca means Five, represents five elements that compose the universe Panca Maha Bhuta, while Bali or Wali means offering or ceremony. In this year, the ritual was considered exceptional due to it took place twice, the first in Lempuyang Luhur Temple and the second in the largest temple in Bali, Besakih Temple. Hindu communities from all regions in Bali came to participate in the event, as their symbol of faith toward the God Almighty. This ten-year event took place for more than twenty days in Lempuyang Luhur and thirty-seven days in Besakih temple. While Panca Wali Krama was taking place at Besakih, Mount Agung has been reported experiencing several hiccups on 9, 15 and 21 March 2019. Despite the eruption, the communities kept doing their prayer and service at the temple located on the slope of the volcano. Meanwhile, another crisis was faced by hospitals on the island, due to an announcement from the official to ban Ngaben ceremony until the Yadnya is over. As a result, Mortuary in several hospitals was reported overloaded. The official and Government hastily response to the overloaded problem, since according to Balinese Hindu believe, keeping the dead body stranded was considered defiling the area.
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Hunter, Kate, Amy Bestman, Madeleine Dodd, Megan Prinsloo, Pumla Mtambeka, Sebastian van As, and Margaret Mary Peden. "Overloaded and Unrestrained: A Qualitative Study with Local Experts Exploring Factors Affecting Child Car Restraint Use in Cape Town, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144974.
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(1) Background: Children in South Africa experience significant impacts from road injury due to the high frequency of road crashes and the low uptake of road safety measures (including the use of appropriate child restraints). The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of a child restraint program and to describe factors influencing child restraint use from the perspectives of clinicians, representatives of non-government agencies, and academics in Cape Town, South Africa. (2) Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 experts from government, academic and clinical backgrounds. Findings were analyzed using the COM-B component of the Behaviour Change Wheel and were grouped by the layers of the social-ecological model (individual, relational, community and societal). (COM-B is a framework to explain behaviour change which has three key components; capability, opportunity and motivation), (3) Results: Experts believed that there was a need for a child restraint program that should be staged and multifactorial. Participants described knowledge gaps, perceptions of risk, mixed motivations and limited enforcement of child restraint legislation as key influences of restraint use. (4) Conclusions: The results demonstrate potential areas on which to focus interventions to increase child restraint use in Cape Town, South Africa. However, this will require a coordinated and consistent response across stakeholder groups.
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Mouter, Niek, Jose Ignacio Hernandez, and Anatol Valerian Itten. "Public participation in crisis policymaking. How 30,000 Dutch citizens advised their government on relaxing COVID-19 lockdown measures." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250614.
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Following the outbreak of COVID-19, governments took unprecedented measures to curb the spread of the virus. Public participation in decisions regarding (the relaxation of) these measures has been notably absent, despite being recommended in the literature. Here, as one of the exceptions, we report the results of 30,000 citizens advising the government on eight different possibilities for relaxing lockdown measures in the Netherlands. By making use of the novel method Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE), participants were asked to recommend which out of the eight options they prefer to be relaxed. Participants received information regarding the societal impacts of each relaxation option, such as the impact of the option on the healthcare system. The results of the PVE informed policymakers about people’s preferences regarding (the impacts of) the relaxation options. For instance, we established that participants assign an equal value to a reduction of 100 deaths among citizens younger than 70 years and a reduction of 168 deaths among citizens older than 70 years. We show how these preferences can be used to rank options in terms of desirability. Citizens advised to relax lockdown measures, but not to the point at which the healthcare system becomes heavily overloaded. We found wide support for prioritising the re-opening of contact professions. Conversely, participants disfavoured options to relax restrictions for specific groups of citizens as they found it important that decisions lead to “unity” and not to “division”. 80% of the participants state that PVE is a good method to let citizens participate in government decision-making on relaxing lockdown measures. Participants felt that they could express a nuanced opinion, communicate arguments, and appreciated the opportunity to evaluate relaxation options in comparison to each other while being informed about the consequences of each option. This increased their awareness of the dilemmas the government faces.
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Maluleka, Jan Resenga, and Mpho Ngoepe. "Integrating traditional medical knowledge into mainstream healthcare in Limpopo Province." Information Development 35, no. 5 (July 1, 2018): 714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666918785940.
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In most African states, the majority of the population depend on indigenous healing knowledge for their healthcare. This knowledge is in danger of being obliterated due to a number of factors such as it being not documented, low life expectancy where people die before transferring it to the next generation and the governments failing to incorporate it into the mainstream health system that is often overloaded. This qualitative study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenology to investigate the development of a framework to integrate knowledge of traditional healing into the mainstream healthcare system in the Limpopo province. Data were collected through interviews with traditional healers chosen through snowball sampling technique augmented by observations and analysis of legislation, notes, records and other forms of documents held by healers. Data were analysed and interpreted thematically according to the objectives of the study. The study established that indigenous medical knowledge is marginalised, and healers are not getting support from the government despite the important role they play in the national health systems. Traditional healing is not properly regulated creating a loophole for anyone to practise as a healer. A framework that points the link factors that attempt to create an understanding of how knowledge of traditional healing can be managed and integrated into the mainstream healing is proposed. It is concluded that failure to recognise traditional healing and integrate it in the mainstream health system will continue to hamstring the health system with resources in South Africa.
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Dos Santos, Luis Miguel. "Stress, Burnout, and Low Self-Efficacy of Nursing Professionals: A Qualitative Inquiry." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040424.
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Nursing professionals face a high level of stress and burnout due to overloaded responsibilities, which may cause a low level of self-efficacy. From the perspective of nursing professionals, the research aims to understand what are the sources of stress and burnout which would reduce the self-efficacy and the unbalanced patient ratio and how would nursing professionals describe their experiences, sources of stress and burnout, and self-efficacy. Based on the snowball sampling strategy, 60 nursing professionals were invited for qualitative research data collection. Based on the lens of the self-efficacy approach, the results indicated that the environmental factors, including workplace bullying, family stress, misunderstanding of public members, and personal development and career enhancement took important roles in increasing their stress and burnout and in reducing their self-efficacy. The outcomes of this study discovered the social status and discrimination toward nursing professionals. Government leaders, policymakers, and researchers should take this research as an opportunity to reform their policy for human resource management and education for the respectfulness of medical and nursing professionals in the public health system.
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Klupt, M. "International Dimension of Population Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-8-5-13.
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Change in political, cultural and financial dimensions of international population agenda over the last half century is considered. Cross-country comparisons reveal path dependence phenomenon. France, where “Malthusian spirit” was long castigated, contributed a lower share of its GDP to international family planning programs than did the US and UK, where Malthusianism always found political support. The controversies over the usage of Kemp–Kasten amendment influenced the structure of the US international population assistance rather than its total volume. Religious NGOs went on international population arena in the 2000s and polarized its non-governmental segment. These NGOs defend the traditional family and declare full respect for national religious and ethical values; their position has some coincidence points with Russia’s standpoint in the UN population debates. The reasons for increasing disagreements between Russia and the West over the key items of both international and Russian domestic population agenda are reviewed. At least 80 per cent of Russians, as the surveys show, believe that the government must strive for fertility growth. Russia’s state-run demographic policy, underlain by this vox populi and aimed at fertility increase, discords with the Western international agenda, which prioritizes the global governance, sexual rights and sexual education of youth. Despite the gloomy UN projection (the 2000 Revision) which predicted shrinking of Russia’s population size to 133.0 million in 2015, it achieved 146.3 Million (including 2.3 Million in Crimea). Nevertheless, most of Western experts argue that the “wrong” Russian demographic policy cannot give positive effect. Given this values’ divide, it would be reasonable to intensify coordination between Russia and other BRICS countries in international population debates and to move cooperation with the West to the issues which are not overloaded by the conflicts of values.
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Harantová, Veronika, Ambróz Hájnik, and Alica Kalašová. "Comparison of the Flow Rate and Speed of Vehicles on a Representative Road Section before and after the Implementation of Measures in Connection with COVID-19." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177216.
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Transport is an inseparable part of the life of all citizens. At the beginning of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Individual states have taken strict measures to prevent its spread among the population. Due to this fact, the government of the Slovak Republic has issued restrictions on the closure of public spaces (schools, shopping centres, restaurants, bars, etc.). These restrictions have had an impact not only on the economic activity of the population but also on their mobility in the form of reduced traffic. This is due to the drastically reduced mobility associated with the coronavirus, such as commuting trips and extremely limited leisure opportunities. Reduced mobility of the population (reduction of the number of vehicles in the traffic flow) can bring positive effects not only on overloaded road network (increased vehicle speed, lower flow) but also on the environment (reduction of noise, emissions, etc.). This article aims at finding out what effect the measures taken had on the quality of traffic flow. The quality of movement was examined in the form of the flow and speed of vehicles on one of the busiest first-class road sections. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the state of the restrictions. The results show that after the introduction of measures against the spread of coronavirus, the intensity and speed of vehicles in the measured section decreased.
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Shao, Qinglong, Jiaying Li, and Lingling Zhao. "A Four-Dimensional Evaluation of the Urban Comprehensive Carrying Capacity of the Yangtze River Delta, China." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 6816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236816.
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The evaluation of urban comprehensive carrying capacity (UCC) is of great importance in maintaining urban socio-economic sustainable development. However, UCC is still in its nascent period with limited applications and a lack of credible assessment methods. To enrich this field, this study constructed an objective scientific index to evaluate the UCC of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from a four-dimensional perspective, examining economy, society, environmental, and transportation subsystems. The improved entropy method based on 18 weighted indicators was used to measure the UCC of the 26 cities of the YRD for the period 1990–2018. Results indicate that nine cities were overloaded in 2018, meaning comprehensive carrying capacity demand exceeds supply, and the other seventeen were in loadable condition, meaning such demand did not exceed supply; the social and transportation subsystems are the most important because their index weights and UCC levels are higher than the other two subsystems; the overall UCC for all cities in the YRD is at a medium level, and there are large disparities between the various cities. The empirical results imply that the government should take effective measures to improve UCC in these cities, combining cities’ specific advantages to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and utilization and improve carrying capacities, and changing the mode of economic development. Based on UCC levels, it is also important to improve environmental conditions and coordination and integration in the development of urbanization. Policy implications on improving UCC have been highlighted in the final section.
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Puttinaovarat, Supattra, Siwipa Pruitikanee, Jinda Kongcharoen, and Paramate Horkaew. "Machine Learning Based Emergency Patient Classification System." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 17, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i05.22341.
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<p class="0abstract">Public Health Office and the risk map created from the patient information. Many provincial hospitals currently have to admit a large number of patients to their emergency room. Each year, the number outgrow limited medical resources, causing tremendous operational delay, and thus undermining quality of medical services. In addition, existing ER flows remain lacking means of communicating with patients’ relatives and notifying them with treatment status of patients under their care. To addresses these concerns, registered nurses with experiences are required not only to make initial patient screening and prioritization, but also to serve as liaison between physicians and patients’ relatives. These double tasks impose great burden to already overloaded medical staffs. An emergency patient classification system, based on support vector machine was developed. It was implemented as a web application, written in PHP, and running on MySQL database. GIS technology was employed to analyze spatial data and producing relevant reports. The proposed system could classify emergency patient into different groups based on their severity, according to the government standard. The resultant recommendation, verified by a nurse on duty, as well as treatment status were presented to patients’ relatives on a digital screen. Moreover, the hospital was able to use the summarized reports, in both standard and spatial forms, for its managerial purposes. The develop system could help the hospital to make the most of their limit resources for treating emergency patients. The produced reports were useful for making relevant policies and executive planning.</p>
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Peeters, Y. J. D. "Constitutional Remedies for Government Overload." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 1987): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050219.
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In this paper, various forms of governmental organisation are presented in the light of their capacity to overcome overload. After the importance of municipalities has been stressed, two administrative devices are presented: decongestion and deconcentration. Further questions for and against decentralisation are analysed and the concepts of regionalism and autonomy explained. It is argued that the cornerstone of the rights of substate government is the principle of subsidiarity. The conclusion is made that federalism is the only fundamental solution to guaranteeing this principle as well as preventing governmental overload.
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Chepsiror, Philomena. "Setting the Basis for Success in the Competency-Based Curriculum: Experiential Instruction Process Issues in Emergent Reading in Kenya." East African Journal of Education Studies 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.2.1.162.
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Study after study has shown that reading is the single most important skill necessary for success in school and life. Emergent reading is the first stage in the developmental continuum in learning to read and consists of the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are presumed to be developmental precursors to conventional reading. In other words, students who are unable to grasp early print concepts as emergent readers may experience difficulty with reading later. In this regard, multiple assessments of reading have reported poor reading achievement in Kenyan primary school children. The Uwezo studies since 2010, for instance, have highlighted a reading crisis. The reports indicate that there has been no improvement in reading from the inception of the study despite the government launching intervention programs among them ‘Tayari’ and ‘Tusome’ which were meant to improve reading skills. This study investigated the instructional process issues in emergent reading in a bid to unravel this predicament. The study was carried out in Bureti Sub-County in Kericho County. It involved a sample of 95 pre-primary 1 teachers randomly selected from public and private schools. Data was collected using an observation checklist, a questionnaire a focused group discussion and was analysed descriptively. Instructional process factors found to impede experiential emergent reading strategies included unclear goals for reading lessons, pressure from parents for quicker learning outcomes, time allocated for the experiences was insufficient, that the teachers were overloaded with other responsibilities, large pupil numbers, among others. The results of the study will inform evidence-based policy on the implementation of the Competency-based Curriculum in Kenya and any other part of the world.
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ALI, MUSTAPHA ALHAJI. "An Overview of the Role of Traditional Institutions in Nigeria." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 18, 2019): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i3.862.
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he British officials in Nigeria mounted and imposed rules and laws through the traditional rulers who only served as mediators between the people and the British officials. Though, the cultures and traditions of the Nigerian citizens were cherished and reserved by the British government in order to accept and welcome them by the citizens of the country. However, this system worked out well because of the support of the traditional rulers who claimed that since their cultures and traditions were not interfered with, they have no problem with the British authorities (Teslim, 2019).
Before traditional rulers are attached with some important functions among which are contributing to development administration, linkage or "brokering" between grassroots and capital, extension of national identity through the conferral of traditional titles, low-level conflict resolution and judicial gate-keeping, ombudsmanship and institutional safety- valve for overloaded and sub-apportioned bureaucracies. In addition to the above roles, traditional rulers are meant to create educated chieftaincies meaningfully improves the success of traditional rulers (Miles, 1993). Furthermore, traditional rulers serve as another institute of conflict resolution in any nation where the state legal system is weakening to fully provide the judicial requirements of the country (Zeleke, 2011).
A study by Isaac (2018) disclosed that in the olden days, traditional institutions are the administrative organizations in Nigeria. These establishments are entrenched in the history, cultures, and the traditions of several ethnic groups and cultural background. He further explained that traditional institutions plays an important role in the managerial process before, during, and after colonial rules, these institutions have contributed to the history of the nation. The role of traditional organizations was important and highly respected during these periods.
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Pandey, Ashok, Achyut Raj Pandey, Meghnath Dhimal, and Anjani Jha. "Review of Effectiveness of the Foreign Medical Team Deployment in Nepal Earthquake, 2015." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000724.
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Introduction:Nepal experienced a massive earthquake on 25th April, 2015 measuring 7.8 Richter scale followed by large aftershock on 12th May that further added to the destruction, especially in Sindhupalchowk and Dolakha. On request of Government of Nepal, international community extended financial and technical assistance to overcome the impact of the earthquake. Foreign Medical Teams (FMTs); now known as emergency medical team, from different countries and volunteers from within the country had helped in health service delivery.Aim:to get a clear picture of Strengths, Weaknesses/Gaps and Areas of Improvement that would be very important in making the response better in any future events of such scale when discussed and shared with all relevant stakeholders in Nepal.Methods:It was a multi-method study. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to have an in-depth overview of the research question and the objectives set for the study. Records and reports relating Foreign Medical Team Coordination Committee (FMTCC) and meeting minutes of Health Emergency Operation Centre were reviewed.Results:Total of 8,962 deaths and 22,302 injuries occurred following earthquake of which 8,864 deaths and 21,156 injuries occurred in the most affected 14 districts of Nepal. In FGD and KIIs, most of the participants highlighted the earthquake had a huge impact on infrastructures. A large number of casualties were reported immediately after earthquake. Health facilities were overloaded with injured patients. One hundred and thirty-seven FMTs from 36 countries worked in Nepal to provide medical relief.Discussion:Timely preparation and readiness of the procedures to handle the FMTs including their registration process, medical licensing procedures, procedures of coordinating mechanisms with the district, case management and treatment guidelines to be followed by the FMTs are crucial to have a better health sector response including that of FMTs.
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Buneev, Viktor, Victoria Vinichenko, and Sergey Maslennikov. "Forecasting of traffic flows and their development in the implementation of the transport strategy in the Far North." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823903010.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of public policy in creating a favorable environment for the development of the national economy and improve social and economic well-being through the creation of a safe and convenient transport structure. Special attention of the authors is drawn to the Decree of the government of the Russian Federation of 22.11.2008 No 1734-R "On the transport strategy of the Russian Federation". The purposeful value of the above mentioned by-law is considered. As an indicator of the quality of transport services "Transport strategy of Russia until 2030", it assumes a steady increase in transport mobility of the population of the Russian Federation, as well as the integration of the Russian transport system into the international one. The results of forecasting of some key indicators of the Transport strategy are presented. Since the implementation of the strategy was actually launched back in 2009, it is already possible to judge the achievement (or, more precisely, the lack of achievement) of the criteria considered. It was found that there was a close link between the quantity of goods carried and the quantity of goods overloaded the net financial result and some other indicators. Feedback was identified between the same trait under study and the wear and tear of fixed assets. Thus, knowing the factors that have a direct impact on the result, you can manage it. And the achievement (or non-achievement) of the target indicators becomes an elective parameter influencing firstly on the variant of the development scenario (basic or innovative), and secondly, on the social and economic situation of the studied region. The main task of the state in the sphere of functioning and development of transport system of Russia.
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Ragiliawati, Retananda, and Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin. "Role of Community Leaders as Motivator in Waste-Bank Management in Magetan Regency, Indonesia." Jurnal PROMKES 8, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v8.i2.2020.219-227.
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Background: Garbage is one of the unsolved problems in Indonesia. Riskesdas data for 2018 show that 63.2% of the quality of household waste management in Indonesia is in a bad category. The landfill site in Magetan Regency is currently overloaded. The waste bank is an alternative solution for solving problems. Tawanganom Village, Magetan District, Magetan Regency, won the Regency Level Healthy Village Competition in 2017 with fifth community association (RW 5) as the competition representative because it fulfilled the criteria of the championship, namely the existence of a waste bank. It is inseparable from the active role and social support of community leaders who motivate the community to participate in waste bank management. Objectives: Describe the role of community leaders as motivators in supporting waste bank management, including emotional support, appreciation, instrumental, and information. Methods: The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants consisting of housewives and community leaders involved in waste bank activities. The determination of informants was carried out purposively with in-depth interviews using an interview guide. Results: It shows that the role of community leaders as motivators significantly affects the sustainability of the waste bank in RW 5, Tawanganom Village, Magetan Regency. Community leaders show patience in guiding the community, providing appreciation and various rewards so that the community feels proud and appreciated, and enables the community to move independently in managing the waste bank. Conclusion: The role of community leaders as motivators impacts increasing community participation in waste bank management. The waste bank can run smoothly, supported by the attention and concern of the local government and community leaders who are aggressively providing information and suggestions related to waste bank management.
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Emboaba Moreira, Mauricio, José Alexandre Guerreiro Fregnani, Kemp Harker, and Alexander Vrtiska. "An overall assessment of the fuel consumption efficiency of the domestic flights in Brazil (Period 2000-2015)." Journal of Airline and Airport Management 8, no. 1 (September 4, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jairm.117.
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Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of fuel consumption efficiency of the domestic flights in Brazil along the period 2000-2015 in order understand the overall efficiency of the aeronautical infrastructure in this country.Design/methodology: This article proposes a method for high level assessments of the aeronautical infrastructure efficiency (either on ground or airspace) in a fast and easy to grasp manner, using the key performance indicator of useful distance per flight hour. The method estimates the average flight time spent by the national carriers to accomplish the average stage lengths in each year of the period 2000-2015 and compare these results with the flight time baseline included in the flight planning data of the aircrafts composing the Brazilian commercial aircraft fleet.Findings: This approach leads to huge differences between the referred results and the fuel consumption shown by flight operations manuals and were attributed to the inefficiencies existing in the acknowledged overloaded aeronautical infrastructure (either in the air or on ground) in Brazil. With that it is concluded that there is a potential reduction opportunity of almost 30% in aircraft fuel consumption in domestic flights in Brazil, which has been until the moment almost unconsidered. Thus, government policy-makers and all stakeholders will be able to quantify the impacts and recommend investments in infrastructure in a well-founded way. Furthermore, the return on investments of public funds, which are especially scarce in the developing countries, will be assessed in a simple manner. Under this scope investments and research on Air Traffic Management (ATM) new technologies and flow management techniques are strongly suggested in order to improve airspace operational efficiency.Originality/value: A new and innovative method for high level assessment of the aeronautical infrastructure efficiency.
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Foster, CD. "Ministerial overload and effective government." Parliamentary Affairs 52, no. 2 (April 1999): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pa/52.2.194.
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Li, Yiran, Yanto Chandra, and Naim Kapucu. "Crisis Coordination and the Role of Social Media in Response to COVID-19 in Wuhan, China." American Review of Public Administration 50, no. 6-7 (July 15, 2020): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020942105.
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The commentary addresses the government’s role in mitigating information asymmetry problems during pandemic crisis response. We use the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, as a case to show the use of social media as a key mechanism in shaping the actions of the central government in its coordination with the local governments during the pandemic response. The Chinese government effectively collaborated with a social media platform to not only create a dedicated channel to allow citizens to post information about the pandemic to accelerate the speed of relief but also mobilize citizens and nonprofit organizations to support government response and recovery efforts. This suggests that social media can provide a venue for the government to not only tackle the information overload but also mitigate the friction among levels of governments.
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Agnew, Robyn. "Reflections on the new Scottish innovative child protection system." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol27iss3id7.
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This paper reflects on my work in Scotland in child protection during 2009 and 2010. It reflects on the Scotland I discovered and The Highlands I worked in. It describes recent innovative political decisions that have informed social work practice across all professions and government departments. It describes the implementation of an essentially simple system, which provides support for every child in need, specific to that need. It is a system that could positively inform the further development of child protection in New Zealand. Given the current plan to seek ways to ‘modernise’ Child Youth and Family (CYF), this paper seeks to encourage a debate on the merits of this path-finding Scottish solution to their political, social, ethnic and professional barriers, which could also produce positive outcomes for children in New Zealand (Tolley, 2015). It describes the overlaying of this approach on top of a professional workforce, despite the silo bureaucracy of service delivery and regardless of professional jealousies protecting individual professions. It describes the responsibilities of all who interact with children and sets certain overlying responsibilities for ‘named’ persons. In this way the responsibilities for the protection of children is moved from the realm of the social work profession, which is overloaded, as it is currently in New Zealand, and applied directly to all professions that interact with children. The Scots have produced a reliable system which strengthens protective mechanisms at the point of service delivery to the child. This in turn develops a reliable and accountable protective society, in which children in need are identified early and supported throughout their contact with different services. The goal is an on-going intervention that can achieve change for the child and allow the child to reach their potential. It is an aspirational system of care, aiming for development of innate potential. I reflect on the system and the safety it provided to myself as a social worker, the relief of ‘sharing’ child protection responsibilities with all other professions and the clarity of roles which defines this system.
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Ma, Yuanyuan, Yunzi Yang, and Hongzan Jiao. "Exploring the Impact of Urban Built Environment on Public Emotions Based on Social Media Data: A Case Study of Wuhan." Land 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090986.
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In the era of public participation in government, public emotions and expectations are important considerations influencing urban construction, planning, and management. A desirable urban environment can make people feel at ease and comfortable and contribute to promoting positive public emotions. However, in the process of rapid urban development, the high-density and overloaded urban built environment has triggered people’s mental tension and anxiety and has contributed to negative emotions. Thus, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution of public emotions and urban built environments in cities and to thoroughly investigate the correlation between urban built environments and public emotions. Considering the lack of dynamic elements analysis and emotions spatial analysis in previous studies, this study takes Wuhan City as an example, uses social media big data as the basis for text emotion analysis, introduces dynamic traffic elements, and establishes a multidimensional urban built environment measurement index system from five aspects: land use, spatial form, road and traffic, green space and open space, and daily life service facilities. Subsequently, the spatial distribution characteristics of public sentiment and urban built environment elements in Wuhan were analyzed. Finally, a geographically weighted regression method was used to analyze the degree of influence of different urban built environment elements on public emotions. The results showed that public emotions in Wuhan are not homogeneously distributed in terms of score and space and that there are significant differences. The urban built environment has a significant influence on public emotions. Higher land use mix, higher road network density, higher number of public transportation facilities, higher number of public open spaces, lower traffic congestion, and impact of freight transportation play important roles in promoting positive emotions. Therefore, in the process of urban construction, planners and decision makers should purposefully improve the quality of the built environment. Measures can include improving the mix of land functions, alleviating traffic congestion, avoiding the negative effects of freight traffic, rationally constructing green and open spaces, and improving various living facilities. This can help contribute toward improving urban functions and urban environments, and promote the construction of a people-oriented healthy city.
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Lama, Youssef A., Hanan Touma, Khawla AlKeba, and Osama Maksoud. "Clinical Effectiveness of Iron Chelation Therapies in Syrian Patients with β Thalassemia Major: Suboptimal Clinical Outcomes and High Prevalence of Iron Overload." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1719.1719.
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Abstract Background Thalassemia is the most prevalent autosomal abnormality in the population of Syria. In 2013, the total number of registered thalassemia patients is 8300. Disease prevalence is reinforced by the high rate of consanguineous marriages especially in the rural regions of this Middle Eastern and Mediterraneancountry. Regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy (ICT) have significantly improved survival and reduced morbidity of patients withβ thalassemia major (BTM). Although ICTs are provided free of charge by the government to all (BTM) patients, adequate monitoring of therapeutic outcomes is lacking, and cardiac complications still represent significant morbidity and remain the leading cause of mortality. Objective This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of poor chelation in Syrian patients with BTM, and assessing the effectiveness of different iron chelation regimens provided by the National Thalassemia Program. Methods We conducted a single-centered study encompassing two phases; i) a retrospective chart review of serum ferritin levels of all female and male patients (≥ 3y) with (BTM) receiving iron chelation regimens (mono- or combination therapy) in 2009 and 2010; and ii) a 15 month prospective observational study to evaluate the effectiveness of desferrioxamine (DFO) monotherapy (at a dose of 40-50 mg/kg given over 8–10 h on 5-7 d/week), versus DFO (at the same dose used for DFO monotherapy) in combination with deferiprone (DFP) (at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day) [DFO+DFP] in patients received prior monotherapy with DFO but had poor response. Endpoints were defined as reducing iron stores in iron overloaded patients and improving cardiac function assessed by left ventricular ejection measurements using Doppler Echocardiogram. Statistical analysis of data sets was performed using Prism Graphpad, version 5. Results A total of 493 records of all patients registered at the National Thalassemia Centre in Homs were evaluated. 280 (56.8%) of these patients were diagnosed with BTM, and 245/280 (87.5%) were receiving iron chelation therapy. The average age was 11.35 ± 5.69 year-old (mean ± SD), age range [3-32 year], and male-to-female sex ratiowas 102:103. 39% of the patients were administered DFO, 30% and 10% received oral deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP) respectively, whereas 21% received a combination of [DFO + DFP]. The average ferritin concentration of the study population was 3954.89 ± 1431.37 [range from 1362 to 8656] ug/l in 2009, and 4038.22 ± 1572.49 [range from 1173 to 8210] ug/l in 2010. Strikingly, 98% of patients had iron overload; [15% mild, 35% moderate and 48% severe] in 2009, and [12.3% mild, 42.5% moderate and 45.2% severe] in 2010. Patients on DFX had the lowest ferritin concentrations when compared with these of their peers on the DFO and [DFO + DFP] regimens (P=0.0001 and P=0.02 respectively). Patients of DFX also had the lowest percentage of sever iron overload (31%) in comparison with 58%, 51%, and 40% in patients on DOF, [DFO+DFP], and DFP respectively. In the prospective observational phase of our study, several comparative assessments were conducted. The combination of [DFO+DFP] reduced ferritin concentration by 14% from a mean baseline concentration of 4662.4 ±1266.17 to 3697.1 ±1547.9 (μg/l) after the study 15 month follow up period (P=0.0006), whereas DFO alone was ineffective. Cardiac function decreased by a percentage of (-4.74 ± 12.89) from 68.64%±6.97% to 60.98%±7.22% in patients on DFO (p= 0.0001) and from 67.39%±6.49% to 63.91%±8.51% in patients receiving combination therapy (p= 0.031). Mean decrease was greater in DFO regimen (-10.53 ± 11.89) than that seen in patients on combination therapy (-4.74 ± 12.89) (p= 0.035). Conclusions This study reveals aspects of the current status of ICT outcomes in Syria. Our results prove high prevalence of iron overload in patients with BTM despite their receiving ICTs free of charge. Patients are not achieving target serum ferritin thresholds despite chronic treatment with DFO for iron overload. This may suggest its poor clinical effectiveness within the real-world, and necessitates active measures to improve patients’ compliance. The underlying causes of these suboptimal therapeutic outcomes of all ICT regimens should be further investigated, and the cost-effectiveness of ICTs should be reconsidered by decision makers. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Giselvania, A., V. F. Jayalie, and S. Gondhowiardjo. "The Role of Multisectoral Collaboration in Indonesia for Successful Health Promotion." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 134s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.71100.
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Background: Cancer had caused 14,067,900 people suffered in 2012. In Indonesia, with 357,000 cases, added by mortality and morbidity, cancer has added the country double burden of disease. Thus, preventive measure should be done to tackle the problem. One of the best ways is health promotion through the massive campaign and multisectoral collaboration using the momentum of annual World Cancer Day (WCD). Annual WCD has been held by National Cancer Control Committee (NCCC)-Ministry of Health (MoH), however, 2017 is the kick-off event which engages multisector to promote cancer awareness and knowledge. Aim: This campaign aims to increase awareness and knowledge about cancer (including the healthy lifestyle, detection program and treatment) among Indonesian. Strategy: The national action was planned based on the strategic objective of NCCC. The campaign was coordinated by NCCC-MoH of Indonesia and implemented throughout the country. The local situation, condition and creativity were encouraged to ensure the successful campaign. Program process: Initial coordination was made by NCCC. The proposal was disseminated to the centers across Indonesia. Then, centers would carry out the event and report to the NCCC. Meanwhile, a massive campaign in Jakarta was held by NCCC. Outcomes: There were 25 out of 34 provinces, consisted of 18 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 20 professional societies, 37 hospitals and 25 provincial public health service involved in the WCD campaign. This WCD was held under decree of Minister of Health. Several programs in the WCD were press briefing, seminars, talk show, fun campaign in public areas (i.e., celebrity performance, yoga), promotion via local television/newspaper and social media; early detection such as Papanicolaou test, mobile mammography, breast ultrasound, clinical breast examination and visual inspection of acetic acid. The impact of WCD 2017 was tremendous compared with previous year, with multisectoral involvement, overloaded participants and broke the World of Record Museum-Indonesia (MURI) with the most dancer involved dance for the cancer survivor. In addition, the impact can be seen in 2018, when no decree of the minister and national movement provided. In 2018, NCCC only organized a training of trainer with the hope of having an extension of the hand to deliver knowledge and awareness. Nevertheless, each part of Indonesia was commemorating their own WCD without any coordination. These evidence showed that NCCC had been successful to increase awareness and knowledge about cancer. What was learned: Many people were involved in the preparation, starting from doctors, local government, NGOs, hospitals, MoH, companies, survivors and celebrities. Moreover, social media campaign and celebrities played a great role in making this event succeed. Therefore, multisector collaboration is an essential part of raising awareness and knowledge about cancer.
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Strausssman, Jeffrey D. "Government overload revisited: The case of the federal budget deficit." International Journal of Public Administration 8, no. 1 (January 1986): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900698608524507.
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Shim, Dong Chul, Hyun Hee Park, and Seong Young Jeong. "Government Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior Amid Organizational Resource Decline: Can They Work More With Less?" Review of Public Personnel Administration 39, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x17715501.
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Based on the implication of the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, this study examined the associations between job demands (organizational resource declines and work overload) and resources (job-goal specificity, performance feedback, and work unit climate) with employees’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Although statistically significant negative associations were found between financial and human resource decline and OCB, the associations were weak from a practical perspective. In line with the JD-R model, this study also found that job-goal specificity, performance feedback, and work supervisor support had positive associations with OCB. However, the effect of work overload was found to be marginalized, and the expected buffering role of job resources on the negative association of work overload with OCB was not confirmed in this study.
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Lewis, Jenny M., and Peter Triantafillou. "From performance measurement to learning: a new source of government overload?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 78, no. 4 (December 2012): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312455993.
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Over the last few decades accountability has accommodated an increasing number of different political, legal and administrative goals. This article focuses on the administrative aspect of accountability and explores the potential perils of a shift from performance measurement to learning. While this is inherently positive in its intentions, we argue that it might constitute a new source of government overload. We propose four explanations for why this may be so. First, a learning approach is more likely to supplement than replace performance management. Second, more rather than less data will be needed to comply with accountability requirements, because of the first point. Third, the costs of compliance are likely to increase because learning requires more participation and dialogue. Fourth, accountability as learning may generate a ‘change for the sake of change’ mentality, creating further government overload. We conclude with some comments on limiting the undesirable consequences of such a move. Points for practitioners Public administrators need to identify and weigh the (human, political and economic) benefits and costs of accountability regimes. While output-focused performance measurement regimes increase transparency and improve value for money in many cases, there are also undesirable side-effects. Accountability regimes attuned to learning appear conducive to quality improvement, but may also become new sources of government overload. This article examines the potential problems of such a move, and considers how these possible perils might be limited by managers and practitioners. Public managers must ask themselves just how much accountability is actually necessary. More specifically, they may want to delimit the scope of the accountability regimes employed, undertake a cost–benefit evaluation of these, and consult those subjected to such regimes, in order to ensure a suitable design.
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Sungmin Park. "A Study on the Information Overload of Local Government Financial Annual Report." Journal of Local Government Studis 29, no. 3 (September 2017): 161–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21026/jlgs.2017.29.3.161.
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Caruana, Josette, and Brady Farrugia. "The use and non-use of the government financial report by Maltese Members of Parliament." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 4 (May 21, 2018): 1124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2015-2350.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the use and non-use of the Government Financial Report by Maltese Members of Parliament (MPs). It refers to information overload theory to analyse the gap between financial reports and their relevance for decision making. Design/methodology/approach A mix of qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire) research tools are applied, with the Maltese MPs being the research participants. This method is acclaimed to be comprehensive, but this study highlights certain disadvantages when applied in the political arena. Findings The characteristics of the information itself could be the main cause of information overload, resulting in the non-use of the financial report for decision making. Politicians refer to financial data for their decision making, but not to the data presented in the financial report. Irrespective of the politician’s professional background, the data in the financial report is perceived as incomplete and outdated. Practical implications The cause of information overload and its effects are important considerations for preparers of financial information and accounting standard setters, if they wish that their production is relevant for decision makers. Originality/value There is an increase in research concerning politicians’ use of budgetary and performance information, at local and regional levels of government. This study investigates exclusively the use of the financial report by politicians at central level, in a politically stable environment.
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Lee, Deirdre, Yojana Priya Menda, Vassilios Peristeras, and David Price. "The WAVE Platform." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jesma.2011070105.
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The growth of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) offers governments advanced methods for providing services and governing their constituency. eGovernment research aims to provide the models, technologies, and tools for more effective and efficient public administration systems as well as more participatory decision processes. In particular, eParticipation opens up greater opportunities for consultation and dialogue between government and citizens. Many governments have embraced eParticipation by setting up websites that allow citizens to contribute and have their say on particular issues. Although these sites make use of some of the latest ICT and Web 2.0 technologies, the uptake and sustained usage by citizens is still relatively low. Additionally, when users do participate, there is the issue of how the numerous contributions can be effectively processed and analysed, to avoid the inevitable information overload created by thousands of unstructured comments. The WAVE platform addresses what the authors see as the main barriers to the uptake of eParticipation websites by adopting a holistic and sustained approach of engaging users to participate in public debates. The WAVE platform incorporates argument visualisation, social networking, and Web 2.0 techniques to facilitate users participating in structured visual debates in a community environment.
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Miah, Md Abdal, Md Abdul Wohab Khan, Md Humayun Kabir Talukder, Ferdousi Begum, Tahmina Nargis, Tabassum Ferdous Khan, Rawshan Ara Khanam, et al. "Reasons of Dropouts and Defaulters of Medical Students in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v2i2.18134.
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This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to find out the causes of dropouts and repeated failures (defaulters) of medical students in Bangladesh. The study was carried out in seven (Three government and four Nongovernment) medical colleges in Bangladesh over a period from July 2011 to June 2012. All dropout and defaulter students were the study population. A total of 59 respondents were interviewed, out of them 11 respondents were dropouts and 48 were defaulters. Convenience sampling technique was adopted and data was collected by the researcher himself. Data was collected from those who got admitted in medical college in the year 2003 and thereafter. So, medial students of different level and intern doctors, who were agreed, were enrolled for collection of data by face to face in depth interview. Study revealed that the most important reasons for dropouts and defaulters were lacking of personal interest and less capability for understanding the medical subjects, non-friendly and non-cooperative attitude of teachers; content overloaded curriculum and threatening environment of oral examinations; personal illness and illness of family members; poor institutional set up; lack of facilities for counseling and remedial actions. Among the respondents it was also found that the male and the higher economic class students were more dropped out or became defaulters in the professional examinations. Study also revealed some valuable suggestions to avoid occurrences of dropouts and defaulters. Suggestions were strict regularity, sincerity and attention should be paid to all types of classes including lectures, clinical, tutorial and practical; personal interest and ability should be given highest importance in case of medical admission. They also emphasized on the revision of medical curriculum where the needs of the students would be reflected and the curriculum should be more appropriate and practical oriented. A coordinated class, tutorials and examination system should be developed in each medical college, so that all students can prepare themselves for examination properly. They also suggested that teachers and examiners at all levels should be friendly and cooperative, and should pay special attention to the poor performing students to overcome their weaknesses. They also suggested that study in partnership should be encouraged and there should be adequate hostel arrangement with proper food and recreation facilities. The respondents also suggested for provision of counseling facilities and make-up classes for academically weak students. They further suggested that special sympathy and support should be provided to those who are ill or who are sufferer for the illness of parents or any other family members. Further analytic studies with representative samples should be conducted which will include students with acceptable level of performance (students who pass regularly and if failure, not more than once during whole MBBS course) as well as students whose performance below acceptable level (defaulters and dropouts). This type of study will help to determine the reasons of defaulters and dropouts. So the appropriate strategy can be adopted to avoid dropouts and defaulters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v2i2.18134 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.2(2) 2011: 1-6
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Johari, Razana Juhaida, Nordayana Sri Ridzoan, and Arumega Zarefar. "The Influence of Work Overload, Time Pressure and Social Influence Pressure on Auditors’ Job Performance." International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 3 (May 19, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n3p88.
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Auditing is considered a stressful occupation as the job is always characterized by heavy workloads, many deadlines, time pressure, social pressure and commitment towards the organization. Public auditors are often under pressure to produce quality audit, and yet may be under serious work pressure or continually dealing with auditees in stressful situations. Work stress faced by public auditors also may lead to mental and physical distress which resulted to decrease in job performance. This study examines which potential factors of pressure that have a significant relationship to government auditors’ job performance. Factors to be test in this study are work overload, time pressure and social influence pressure. This current study contributes information and ideas to the management and academician in the theoretical and practical aspects. The respondents in this study are 203 government auditorsfrom government auditors in National Audit Department of Malaysia. The result of this study shows that there is no significant relationship on work overload to auditors’ job performance. However the result of this study found that factor of time pressure shown a positive significant relation on auditors’ job performance, while social influence pressure shown a negative significant relationship on auditors’ job performance.
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Nazneen, Afroze, and Inass Salamah Ali. "Change in Organizational Role Stress is Panacea of HRM Practices: A Comparative Study of Higher Education Institutions." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i3.15209.
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The present study conducted on faculty members of self-financing higher education institutions and government managed higher education institutions. It was aimed to ascertain the levels of organizational role stress and HRM practices, determine the relationships between role stress and HRM practices. Further it aimed at to compare the perception of self-financing institution and government higher education institutions employees on organizational role stress and HRM practices. Sample of present research based on convenient random sampling technique adopted to select 229 respondents from different self-financing institutions and government higher education institutions. Organizational role stress scale and HRM practices scales used to collect the data. The data analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and t- test to compare the groups. The results revealed that role overload appeared the most dominant stressor followed by role ambiguity, role erosion and inter role distance among faculties of self-financing institutions whereas inter role distance and role isolation emerged as the dominant stressors for faculties of government higher education institutions. The faculties of self-financing institutions are reasonably satisfied with team work and performance appraisal systems of HRM practices whereas faculties of government higher education institutions are more satisfied with compensation and participation in decision making dimensions of HRM practices. The results revealed inverse relationships between organizational role stress and HRM practices in all types of institutions. Further results observed that two groups of faculties differed significantly on role stagnation, role erosion, role overload, self-role distance, role ambiguity and resource inadequacy. On the other hand two groups differ significantly on all dimensions of HRM practices. Further results discussed in detail with suitable example.
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Pratiwi, Ida Yuni, Ni Made Dwi Ratnadi, Herkulanus Bambang Suprasto, and I. Ketut Sujana. "The effect of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload in burnout government internal supervisors with tri hita karana culture as moderation." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 3 (May 3, 2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n3.630.
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This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of Tri Hita Karana's cultural abilities in moderating the effect of role conflict, role ambiguity, and the role overload in burnout experienced by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) at the Inspectorate of Bali Province. The technique of determining the sample used is saturated sampling (census). The number of respondents was 47 APIP. The data used is in the form of primary data. Data collection using survey methods using questionnaires. The analysis technique used in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the analysis show that the culture of Tri Hita Karana causes the effect of role conflict and the role of overload in reduced burnout. However, Tri Hita Karana's culture does not moderate the effect of the role ambiguity on burnout experienced by the APIP at the Inspectorate of Bali Province.
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Prasetyo, Abet Sukoco, Dewi S. Soemarko, and Irmia Kusumadewi. "Prevalence of Insomnia Symptoms and Predictive Factors Among the Employees at Central Government." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 6218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12691.
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Insomnia can be occurred by employees in both private and government. Central government agencies have an important role to the technical, administrative, and analysis of government affairs such as national assets and important documents. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and the factors that have significant relationship of the employees central government agencies in Jakarta. The study design was cross-sectional involving 224 respondents. Retrieving data using questionnaires Insomnia Rating Scale (IRS). Other instrument used was a questionnaire characteristics of the respondents, Stress Diagnostic Survey (SDS), Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analyzer SA 3000P. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the staff offices of central government agencies reached 50%, which reached 44.2% mild insomnia symptoms and moderate insomnia symptoms were 5.8%. In this study the factors that have significant relationship are structural position (OR 0,64; 95% CI 0,41–0,98), stressor qualitative work overload medium-heavy (OR 2,50; 95% CI 1,02–6,10) and emotional mental disorders (+)/positive (OR 2,76; 95% CI 1,20–6,36). The study found that the prevalence of insomnia symptoms at the office employees of central government agencies in Jakarta is quite high.
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Herrold, Catherine, and Mona Atia. "Competing Rather than Collaborating: Egyptian Nongovernmental Organizations in Turbulence." Nonprofit Policy Forum 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2015-0033.
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AbstractThis article examines how the Egyptian government produced a legal, regulatory, and operational environment designed to “divide and throttle” the country’s NGO sector. We identify a two-pronged government strategy toward the NGO sector – namely, flooding the field and bureaucratic overload – the effect of which was to fragment and weaken the sector and prevent it from forming an effective oppositional bloc. We furthermore argue that this government strategy promoted competition rather than cooperation among NGOs. Organizations espoused competing strategic visions for the sector that divided organizations into camps of “charity,” “development,” and “advocacy.” The ultimate consequence of this competition was a sector of NGOs that, instead of valuing pluralism and building upon diverse comparative advantages to create sector-wide strength, belittled each other and failed to coalesce. Egypt’s NGO sector became a tool of the state rather than a force for collective empowerment or a voice for societal change.
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Clarke, Andrew, and Lynda Cheshire. "The post-political state? The role of administrative reform in managing tensions between urban growth and liveability in Brisbane, Australia." Urban Studies 55, no. 16 (March 1, 2018): 3545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017753096.
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The article investigates how governmental responses to problems arising from urban population growth contribute to the post-political governance of cities. It does this through a case study of the city of Brisbane, Australia. Brisbane markets itself as a medium-sized metropolis that balances economic growth with a level of urban liveability not found in larger cities. Yet, there are signs that rapid population growth and consolidation are undermining liveability in some Brisbane neighbourhoods, as evidenced by a rise in urban nuisances and neighbour complaints reported to the City Council. Drawing on theories of urban post-politics, we analyse how the Council recasts these symptoms of urban overload as a ‘techno-managerial’ problem that can be addressed by improving efficiency and ‘customer focus’ within its compliance branch. This strategy both eschews political questions about the compatibility of growth and liveability, and promotes an economic and transactional conception of urban citizenship that downplays urban politics more generally. This strategy is significant as it relates to the local state’s internal administrative practices and relations with its citizens, rather than the forms of governance-beyond-the-state that are usually associated with urban post-politics. We conclude that the identification of government-centred depoliticisation strategies indicates that urban post-politics is more comprehensive and multifaceted than previously thought.
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Ermasova, Natalia, Lam D. Nguyen, and Mary D. Bruce. "Leadership and Overload Stress Orientations of German and Russian Working Adults: Does Government Work Experience Make a Difference?" Public Organization Review 17, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11115-015-0328-9.
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Lawali, Sitou, Issoufou Amadou, Nana Djamila Gambo Mahaman, and Maman Saley. "PESANTEURS SOCIOCULTURELLES ET LEURS IMPACTS SUR LES ACTIVITES DE DEVELOPPEMENT DANS LA REGION DE MARADI AU NIGER." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12516.
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The study is part of an agreement between the World Food Program (WFP) and the University Dan DickoDankoulodo of Maradi. Its objective is to analyze the socio-cultural factors related to the development activities undertaken by WFP. It was carried out in three WFP intervention areas, namely: GuidanYaro located in the rural commune of Baoudeta (local government of Tessaoua), Tambaraoua Amani located in the rural commune of Chadakori (local government of GuidanRoumdji), and the village of Maya da rojiya located in the urban commune of Mayahi (local government of Mayahi). The results indicated that the package of activities undertaken by WFP and its partners (rural development, education and nutrition) improved the living conditions of assisted house hold in all the villages. However, several gravities have been identified by this study. That is ignorance which has an impact on the education of children, illiteracy which limits the ability to obtain and understand information, the lack of regular attendance at health centers which causes illness to persist. Also, the lack of accountability of men in household expenses coupled with the rural exodus increase the vulnerability of women and children, followed by a lack of labor for development activities. On the other hand, it shows the overload of womens work limiting their participation in development activities and the spirit of the population to be always assisted which impacts the management of natural resources with a lack of personal initiative. On the other hand, it shows the overload of womens work limiting their participation in development activities and the spirit of the population to be always assisted which impacts the management of natural resources with a lack of personal initiative. In addition, the results highlight certain cultural ceremonies which seriously impact the level of education of children and the debt of parents. other forms of ceremony limit womens participation in development activities.
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RIHOUX, BENOÎT. "Governmental participation and the organizational adaptation of Green parties: On access, slack, overload and distress." European Journal of Political Research 45, s1 (October 2006): S69—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00650.x.
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Farooq, Ali, Samuli Laato, and A. K. M. Najmul Islam. "Impact of Online Information on Self-Isolation Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): e19128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19128.
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Background During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments issued movement restrictions and placed areas into quarantine to combat the spread of the disease. In addition, individuals were encouraged to adopt personal health measures such as social isolation. Information regarding the disease and recommended avoidance measures were distributed through a variety of channels including social media, news websites, and emails. Previous research suggests that the vast amount of available information can be confusing, potentially resulting in overconcern and information overload. Objective This study investigates the impact of online information on the individual-level intention to voluntarily self-isolate during the pandemic. Using the protection-motivation theory as a framework, we propose a model outlining the effects of cyberchondria and information overload on individuals’ perceptions and motivations. Methods To test the proposed model, we collected data with an online survey (N=225) and analyzed it using partial least square-structural equation modeling. The effects of social media and living situation were tested through multigroup analysis. Results Cyberchondria and information overload had a significant impact on individuals’ threat and coping perceptions, and through them on self-isolation intention. Among the appraisal constructs, perceived severity (P=.002) and self-efficacy (P=.003) positively impacted self-isolation intention, while response cost (P<.001) affected the intention negatively. Cyberchondria (P=.003) and information overload (P=.003) indirectly affected self-isolation intention through the aforementioned perceptions. Using social media as an information source increased both cyberchondria and information overload. No differences in perceptions were found between people living alone and those living with their families. Conclusions During COVID-19, frequent use of social media contributed to information overload and overconcern among individuals. To boost individuals’ motivation to adopt preventive measures such as self-isolation, actions should focus on lowering individuals’ perceived response costs in addition to informing them about the severity of the situation.
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DASGUPTA, ADITYA, and DEVESH KAPUR. "The Political Economy of Bureaucratic Overload: Evidence from Rural Development Officials in India." American Political Science Review 114, no. 4 (August 6, 2020): 1316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000477.
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Government programs often fail on the ground because of poor implementation by local bureaucrats. Prominent explanations for poor implementation emphasize bureaucratic rent-seeking and capture. This article documents a different pathology that we term bureaucratic overload: local bureaucrats are often heavily under-resourced relative to their responsibilities. We advance a two-step theory explaining why bureaucratic overload is detrimental to implementation as well as why politicians under-invest in local bureaucracy, emphasizing a lack of electoral incentives. Drawing on a nationwide survey of local rural development officials across India, including time-usage diaries that measure their daily behavior, we provide quantitative evidence that (i) officials with fewer resources are worse at implementing rural development programs, plausibly because they are unable to allocate enough time to managerial tasks and (ii) fewer resources are provided in administrative units where political responsibility for implementation is less clear. The findings shed light on the political economy and bureaucratic behavior underpinning weak local state capacity.
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Langbroek, Philip. "Financing the Judiciary in the Netherlands: between work overload in the courts and government control of the Judicial Budget." International Journal for Court Administration 10, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijca.292.
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Jenkins, Julian. "From data and measures to meaningful decisions: Designing useful information for senior managers and boards." Information Design Journal 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2009): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.17.3.04jen.
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Analytical approaches to organizational decisionmaking, with their heavy reliance on data, measures and increasingly sophisticated IT, work well for solving tame problems, but not for the wicked problems which increasingly confront organizational and government decision-makers. An alternative approach, drawing on the ancient tradition of rhetoric and focusing on the way that meaning is constructed and communicated, opens up new horizons for enabling decision-makers to overcome the problem of information overload and make good decisions. Applying this approach opens up new opportunities for information design to play a crucial role in organizational decision-making.
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Masip, Pere, Carlos Ruiz Caballero, and Jaume Suau. "News consumption and COVID-19: Social perception." European Public & Social Innovation Review 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31637/epsir.21-1.3.
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On 14 March 2020, the Spanish Government declared a state of alert for the first time since the reinstatement of democracy, confining millions of people to their homes in effort to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Amid emergency situations such as this, people need to be informed (Seeger et al., 2003). In light of this demand for information, the media responded by heightening the attention afforded to the pandemic and its news coverage, a phenomenon which has occurred repeatedly in similar situations (Ducharme, 2020; Pieri, 2018). Based on a survey of over 2,000 Catalan citizens during the period of lockdown, the main aim of this article is to analyse how the pandemic changed their information habits, gauge their perception of the media’s coverage and determine whether this coverage produced information overload. The results show an upsurge in media consumption as well as information overload among virtually half the population. This generates a paradox: despite the increased consumption of information, the media did not help to improve people’s understanding of the pandemic, but instead resulted in information fatigue, thus hindering comprehension.
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Aranda Álvarez, Elviro. "El nuevo mapa de partidos en las Comunidades Autónomas y sus efectos en la forma de gobierno: «Mucho ruido y pocas nueces»." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 43 (May 23, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.43.2019.24410.
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El presente trabajo analiza la aparición de nuevas fuerzas políticas en el ámbito de las CCAA y su incidencia en el sistema de gobierno. Lo primero que observamos es que pese a esa nueva situación las estrategias de poder han variado poco y los nuevos partidos pronto se han integrado en la dinámica del sistema. Es cierto que vivimos un nuevo tiempo parlamentario en el que el pluralismo de grupos es mucho más significativo, pero ello no ha generado gran inestabilidad institucional. Probablemente porque no solo el sistema electoral incide en garantizar la estabilidad sino que también la racionalización parlamentaria hace que, una vez que se ha conseguido la investidura, el Gobierno disponga de una «sobre alimentación» con la que controlar la vida política y, en particular, la parlamentaria.This paper analyses the emergence of new political forces in the Autonomous Communities and their impact on the governmental system. The first thing we observe is that despite this new situation, power strategies have changed little and the new parties soon integrated into the dynamics of the system. It is true that we live in new parliamentary times in which the pluralism of groups is much more significant, but this has not generated great institutional instability. Stability is ensured probably not only due to the electoral system but also parliamentary rationalization which means that, after the investiture, the Government has an “overload” with which to control political and, in particular, parliamentary life.