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Journal articles on the topic 'OVERDUE DEBT'
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1
Berlinger, Edina, Katalin Dobránszky-Bartus, and György Molnár. "Overdue Debts and Financial Exclusion." Risks 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090158.
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We examine the impact of overdue debts in small villages in one of Hungary’s most disadvantaged regions. We find that a significant number of debtors with overdue debts permanently escape from debt collectors. Accordingly, in our sample, overdue debts reduce the likelihood of declared work by 14 percentage points on average. The lack of declared work alone reduces the probability of opening a bank account by 21 percentage points, and overdue debts further reduce it by 9 percentage points. The negative effect of overdue debts on health is almost as large as the positive effect of a high school diploma. In addition, the health-destroying effect extends not only to the debtor but to all members of the household. Therefore, overdue debts create a poverty trap mechanism exacerbating financial exclusion, hence resulting in significant losses for both the individual and society. We recommend paying more attention to smoothing credit cycles and resolving non-performing debt obligations.
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Kovalenko, Dmytro, Olga Afanasieva, Nani Zabuta, Tetiana Boiko, and Rosen Rosenov Baltov. "Model of Assessing the Overdue Debts in a Commercial Bank Using Neuro-Fuzzy Technologies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050216.
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This article considers the problems of overdue credit debt and the creation of effective methods to manage problem debts in banks. The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of overdue credit debt and create effective methods to manage problem debts in financial institutions. Based on a combination of tools of fuzzy logic theory and artificial neural networks, an economic-mathematical model of collection scoring was built. Kohonen self-organizing maps were used to set the parameters of membership functions in the process of fuzzification of quantitative variables of the built model. Data were taken from the official websites of four Bulgarian banks for 2015–2019. The volume of the prepared sample amounted to 1000 credit agreements with active overdue payments. The practical value of the built model of collection scoring for the recovery of overdue debt lies in the possibility to make recommendations for work with each segment of the portfolio of overdue loans in accordance with the calculated level of credit risk. The introduction of credit risk assessment models based on neuro-fuzzy technologies in the work of financial institutions will have a positive impact on the financial results of lending activities of banks.
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Flynn, Michael. "A debt long overdue." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/057004011.
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Flynn, Michael. "A debt long overdue." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 4 (July 2001): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2001.11460473.
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Miroshnichenko, Olga, Anna Tarasova, and Valeriy Gamukin. "Household Incomes and Bank Residential Mortgage in Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219302010.
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The influence of the incomes of the population subject to changes on bank mortgage lending was investigated using the methods of correlation and regression analysis. Three approaches to income volatility as an indicator of their volatility have been implemented: variability within certain time periods through an assessment of the coefficients of variation during the year, between periods through an assessment of the average annual income growth rates, and the variability of the distribution between income recipients through inequality indicators. According to the research results, indicators of bank residential mortgage are more strongly associated with variations in nominal income than in real one; the low level of overdue mortgage debt in the Russian banking sector is determined by a qualitative assessment of borrowers' capabilities in accordance with their income; an increase in income volatility is accompanied by a decrease in the share of overdue mortgage debt. The stability of the population's income contributes to an increase in the number and total volume of bank residential mortgage. As a result of econometric modeling, the maximum significant effect of the unemployment rate on the share of overdue mortgage debt has been established.
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Белобабченко, Марина, and Marina Belobabchenko. "Problems of Debt Collection Legal Regulation." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21987.
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The subject of this article is the regulations adopted on 21 June 2016 State Duma of the Russian Federation and entered into force on 3 July 2016 the Federal law No. 230-FZ “On Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Individuals with the Implementation of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law “On Microfinance Performance and Microfinance Organizations”. The author analyzes the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework governing the activities of organizations to collect overdue debts of individuals. It should be stated that the existing rules do not ensure protection of the rights and interests of individuals in arrears on consumer loans from illegal actions of collectors and at the same time do not regulate the legal framework within which collectors must perform. The current regulatory framework does not provide the balance of the interests of debtors and collection agencies. All these led to the need for a special law to regulate the activities of collection agencies. The adopted Law sets the mandatory state registration of organizations whose primary activity is the collection of debts. It defines the requirements both to the organization (in terms of charter capital and the order of formation) and to its employees when they undertake activities on debt collection. The law has a number of controversial provisions, which are considered by the author of the article; however, in whole a positive evaluation is given.
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Sarunova, M. P., T. V. Burlutkin, and T. Z. Sandzhieva. "Analysis of the organizations accounts payable of the Kalmykia Republic." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-351-357.
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The article shows the organizationsaccounts payableof the Republic of Kalmykia as one of the most important elements of financial analysis as a separate organization, industry and the whole region. The dynamic changes in accounts payable on the basis of statistical datawere analyzed. It was revealed that the vast majority of overdue accounts payable was formed in housing and communal services. We carried outthe structural analysis of overdue debt composition and revealed the ways of its control. In order to identify the most "vulnerable" areas of economic activity from non-payment, the share of overdue debt to the total amount of debt by industry was considered. To assess the timeliness of payments of enterprises on obligations and the quality of accounts payable, we performed the analysis of the share of overdue accounts payable in its total volume. On thatbasiswe found out the approaches to optimizing the management of accounts payable, leading to the growth of financial results and further development of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia. To analyze financial stability, it is important to consider not only the status of accounts payable, but also the ratio of accounts receivable to accounts payable. The analysis showed that the proportion is irrational; it is obvious that companies have attracted significant borrowed resources, but currently use of them in their current activitiesinefficient. The article concludes that the financial situation of enterprises and organizations of the region is extremely unstable when there is an annual growth of accounts payable and accounts receivable. In order to stabilize the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of the Republic of Kalmykia, improve their solvency and strengthen the settlement and payment discipline we explored the possibility of restructuring of accounts payable, which requires an analysis of each creditor separately, including all components of the debt-principal amount, interest and penalties.
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Krumer-Nevo, Michal, Anastasia Gorodzeisky, and Yuval Saar-Heiman. "Debt, poverty, and financial exclusion." Journal of Social Work 17, no. 5 (May 22, 2016): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017316649330.
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Summary Over-indebtedness of impoverished households and its relevance to the social work profession have not received sufficient attention in the professional discourse. It is the intention of this article to put over-indebtedness on the professional agenda, to review the literature about it, and to present initial data from a study on over-indebtedness in Israel carried out with special attention to debtors’ coping with their debts. The research was conducted as a door-to-door survey in a neighborhood with low socio-economic characteristics and included questions about the nature of the debts, the strategies people use to cope with debts and the obstacles they face while doing so. Findings The research findings indicate a severe debt problem among the participants. Out of 142 interviewees, 61% had debt that was overdue and 27% of them did not have an active bank account – a significant parameter of financial exclusion. Moreover, the proliferation of debts per household, and the high level of debt-to-income ratio also indicate high risk for financial exclusion. Notwithstanding, the findings indicate that most debtors made active efforts in order to close their debts, using two distinct strategies, namely: trying to reach a payment arrangement with the creditor or paying off the debt by increasing their financial resources. Most debtors used the first strategy, although it was found as the less successful one. Applications The article discusses these findings in the framework of the concept of financial exclusion and proposes policy and direct interventions as well as further research on the topic.
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Pasquariello, Federica. "LIABILITY FOR THE DEBTS OF A DISSOLVED COMPANY. IS THE ITALIAN LEGAL SYSTEM LOSING CONTEST WITH OTHER EUROPEAN SYSTEMS?" REVISTA LEX MERCATORIA Doctrina, Praxis, Jurisprudencia y Legislación 9, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/lex.v9i1.1530.
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Italian legal framework provides two credit protection strategies which can be employed to enforce the liability for debts ( both contingent liabilities and unpaid debit residuals ) of a dissolved company: the first based on Company Law , the other on Bankruptcy Law.According to Company Law, by virtue of art. 2495, Civil code, capital companies which have been removed from the Register after a liquidation process(1), are to be considered extinct. Moreover, according to the Court of Cassation, U.S.,February 22nd, 2010, no. 4060-4061-4062(2) the same conclusion can be drawn for partnerships because of systematic coherence. Therefore, following the cancellation from the Company Registry, the companies no longer exist neither as legal entities nor as subjects of law. Shareholder and liquidator will respond in different ways to any surviving or overdue social debt, according to artt. 2312 and 2495 c.c.
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MULYK, Tetiana, Olena TOMCHUK, and Lidiia FEDORYSHYNA. "ANALYTICAL PROVISION OF THE ENTERPRISE'S DEBT IN THE CONTEXT OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 1 (41) (January 2019): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-1-12.
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The system of analytical support of the enterprise in conditions of crisis management is investigated. The approaches to understanding the essence of crisis management, its purpose, role and the basic requirements to the formation of the system of crisis management are specified. It is established that the crisis management of the enterprise is a complex system that is different in its strategic nature and aims at eliminating of possible and existing problems in its activities by developing and implementing a special program using the full potential of modern management. It is established that the crisis management system should provide an appropriate approach to the enterprise's debt in order to effectively manage it, to ensure optimum balance between receivables and accounts payable, to prevent the occurrence of overdue debts, to systematically monitor the calculations, and so on. The analysis of receivables and accounts payables by branches of Ukraine is carried out and the significant excess of receivables is noted. It is indicated that the management of the enterprise will be interested in information on: the amount, dynamics, composition and structure of its indebtedness; quality of debt; the reasons that caused the occurrence and existence of debt; the frequency of occurrence and repayment of debts; influence of debt on the financial condition of the enterprise; the expediency of investing in an enterprise's debt, etc. It is established that the purpose of analysis of receivables and accounts payable is to identify the amount of justified and unreasonable debt; changes for the analyzed period, the reality of receivable and amounts payables, reasons and the prescription of accounts receivable. In this regard, the analysis of receivables and accounts payables is an important part of the financial analysis at the enterprise and allows you to identify not only the indicators of current and prospective solvency of the enterprise, but also factors influencing their dynamics, as well as assess quantitative and qualitative tendencies in the financial state of enterprises in the future. It is determined that in the process of organization of debt analysis it is necessary to separately evaluate and study the availability, composition and structure of the company's debt, its frequency, quality and causes, including overdue. To study the composition and structure of the debt, its dynamics it is appropriate to make special analytical tables, graphs, drawings. In the course of the analysis it is also appropriate to compare the amounts of receivable and payables. According to the results of this comparison, the following factors can be identified: increase or decrease of receivables; increase or decrease in payables. It is stated that the management of receivable and accounts payables at the enterprise is the process of development and implementation of managerial decisions regarding the consistency of their size and speed of the movement in time, providing the necessary profit and optimal amount of available funds. The main components of the enterprise debt management system are presented in the article.
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Шамшеев, Сергей, and Sergey Shamsheev. "Problems of Accounting and Internal Control of Overdue Receivables in Russia and Ways to Solve Them." Auditor 5, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cde68664629c6.14636582.
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Th e article deals with the problems of accounting and internal fi nancial control of non-recoverable debt in Russia, the causes of understating the indicators of statistical reporting due to the lack of legal framework governing the accounting services of institutions in the accounting of bad debts are given; the ways to solve the problem in accounting and a new classifi cation of accounts receivable are off ered.
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Kolmykova, Tatiana, Nataliya Mashkina, Oleg Aseev, and Tatiana Svetovtseva. "Problems of loan population in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015906001.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as the debt load of the country’s population on the example of Russia. The term “debt” means the ratio between debt obligations and available income. Assessing the level of debt or, in other words, the debt burden of Russian citizens is relevant, because real disposable incomes have a rather long downward trend, and consumer unsecured lending is becoming more affordable, the amount of debt to Russians to creditors is increasing year by year, while the share of overdue liabilities, although not very large, still poses certain risks. This situation increases the level of debt to citizens, which poses serious challenges for the socio-economic development of the state, since excessive debt burden can lead to a crisis (as, for example, in the USA in 2008). Therefore, it is especially important to soberly assess the level of debt load and take appropriate measures in time to regulate it, in particular, to cool the consumer lending market as the most volatile segment of lending to individuals.
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Novoseletskyy, Oleksandr. "MODELLING OF THE BANK’S CLIENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN CASE OF OVERDUE DEBT." European Journal of Economics and Management 6, no. 6 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46340/eujem.2020.6.6.12.
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Kondratiuk, V. V. "NOWELLAS OF LEGISLATION ON CONSUMER PROTECTION IN SETTLEMENT OF OVERDUE DEBT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 7 (2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-7/17.
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Wijayanta, Tata. "KAJIAN TENTANG PENGATURAN SYARAT KEPAILITAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 37 TAHUN 2004." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 26, no. 1 (June 25, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16063.
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Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Act Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Postponement of the Debt Payment Obligation does not stipulate the minimum amount of the debt for declaring a state of bankruptcy but only requires the existence of two debtors where one of the debts are found overdue. The Act that the only considerable condition has been ‘the unwillingness to pay the obligation” instead of the “incapability to pay” of the debtor. Also, the minimum amount of the debt must be determined in order to avoid another court decisions that awarded the request of bankruptcy whereas the debtor is actually capable to pay the obligation. Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang tidak mengatur minimal jumlah utang untuk mengajukan permohonan pailit. Untuk mengajukan kepailitan hanya diperlukan dua orang kreditur dan salah satu utangnya tidak dibayar pada waktunya, sehingga hanya mendasarkan pada ketidakmauan (unwilling) dari si debitur dan bukan pada kemampuan (unable) debitur dalam membayar utang. Minimal jumlah utang ini perlu diatur sehingga kemudian tidak akan terjadi lagi putusan-putusan kepailitan terhadap debitur yang sebenarnya mampu dalam membayar utang.
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ZUBAREV, I. S. "METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT FOR ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTS IN THE ENTERPRISE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 12 (2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.02.002.
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Avoiding overdue accounts receivable is one of the main goals of management. According to statistical reports, many Russian enterprises don't fully work with debtors, and the level of overdue debt increases, which leads the organization to the need to borrow working capital for normal functioning and continuation of activities. The article presents methods of managing receivables that are used in world practice, such as the development of a competent credit policy, ranking debtors by group, the use of a system of penalties and discounts for contractors, the use of netting, the use of factoring, assignment, insurance against non-payment of debt, etc. In the process of writing the article, the economic essence of accounts receivable is considered, actual management methods are defined, positive and negative aspects of applying certain methods of accounts receivable management are considered. The analysis of existing practices revealed the absence of a universal method that is applied regardless of the specific debtor. Methods of managing accounts receivable should be used rationally in combination, as a complete system of working with debtors. A comprehensive approach to this problem will allow to use appropriate management tools for individual debtors, which will ensure financial stability for enterprises.
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Poletaeva, V. M., and A. M. Smulov. "Traditional and Perspective Methods of Corporate Non-Performing Loans Rejustment (Liquidation)." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-141-153.
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Article covers issues of banks’ corporate non-performing and overdue loans management (liquidation). Authors make revision of methods that banks usually use for current goal solution and develop concepts of approaches to non-performing loans management that could become out the perspective alternative for traditional methods. Scientific novelty of the manuscript is in developing the methods (modifications of methods) of bank corporate nonperforming loans rejustment (liquidation). The principle of the first method is in changing conditions of corporate debt repayment - the new conditions must be determined by financial possibilities of the borrower. The main idea of the second one is in non-performing or overdue debt sell on the quasiequivalent terms. At that article set the modification of the second method, based on the idea of the expansion of the list of types of securities used for nonperforming loans exchange deals and provides with the substantiation of the author's position. In addition, the manuscript presents algorithms of mentioned perspective methods implementation. Article is based on the studies of leading Russian economists in the field of national economic system growth, banking, corporate non-performing loans management.
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Forlicz, Maria, and Tomasz Rólczyński. "Overdue debt and selected personality traits – a research based on international surveys." Journal of International Studies 12, no. 3 (September 2019): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/16.
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BONDARENKO, Olha, and Iryna MASIUK. "Ways to improve minimization of receivables and payments and management by them." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.4.5.
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Introduction. To date, every entity has faced accounts receivable and payable. There are times when debt becomes overdue. An entity cannot repay its debt because debtors do not repay their debt. In fact, receivables and payables are closely linked, which in turn has a negative effect on the balance sheet and financial performance of any counterparty. This article discusses cases of arrears and ways of overcoming (reducing) accounts receivable and payables. The purpose of the paper is to study the factors that influence the increase in accounts receivable and payable within the internal and external activities of the enterprise. Results. In today's economic environment, a large number of Ukrainian enterprises went bankrupt and liquidated because they were unable to pay their debt to creditors. Also this situation arose due to a certain amount of cash, which was in circulation and in time did not enter the current account of the enterprise for payment of accounts payable. On the balance sheet receivables and payables account for a large percentage of both their and others' debt. We'll look at how and under what conditions debt can be reduced. Conclusion. It is advisable to balance receivables and payables in order to control the debt at the enterprise. The constant cash flow should not stop. The debt of the debtors goes to pay off the debt to the creditors. The optimal ratio is when the accounts payable exceeds accounts receivable by 10-20%.
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Zhao, Yi, Ying Zhao, and Inseong Song. "Predicting New Customers' Risk Type in the Credit Card Market." Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 4 (August 2009): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.4.506.
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Recent studies in marketing have consistently shown that all customers are not equally profitable. In the credit card business, all customers are not equally risky. When a customer misses one payment on a credit card bill, a signal is sent to the credit card company. It is important for the card issuer to interpret the signal and to identify whether the customer is a low-risk one, who will eventually pay back the debt and contribute to the card issuer's profits by paying interest on the overdue balance, or a high-risk one, who will not pay back the debt. The issuer can then customize its policies to deal with these different consumer types. This article develops a dynamic model for debt repayment behavior of new customers in the credit card market that makes it possible to differentiate between low-risk, delinquent customers and high-risk customers. The authors apply the model to a data set of new consumers' monthly spending and repayment records.
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Shсharbatsiuk, Sviatlana, Pelageya Papkovskaya, and Kateryna Pylypenko. "The Counterparty Assessment Mechanism in the Receivables Management System of Agricultural Organizations in the Republic of Belarus and the Ukraine." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 20(35), no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2020.20.2.11.
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The article investigates issues regarding settlements between business counterparts in the Republic of Belarus, including those between Ukrainian and Belarusian enterprises. The presence of bad debts is identified as a key issue, leading to overdue and unrealistic debt collection accounting that burdens a company's balance sheet, resulting in a loss of financial stability of the creditor enterprise. Monitoring of business counterparts helps minimize this risk. Therefore, a mechanism has been developed to collect information about a counterparty and create a credit dossier. There is a proposal to monitor a counterparty's solvency based on criteria that has been specifically established for an industry. The proposed mechanism will help control unjustified growth in the receivables of agricultural organizations in The Republic of Belarus and the Ukraine in hopes of keeping funds in circulation, and reducing the risk of companies losing their own financial stability due to overly loyal credit policies.
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Dimitrijević, Marko. "State immunity for economic activities: Example of an odious public debt." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 88 (2020): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-28256.
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The subject matter of analysis in this paper are the essential features of an odious public debt (loan) in contemporary monetary law. In this context, the first part of the paper focuses on the concept and basic functions of the public debt in the theory and practice of monetary management, where the author discusses the basic principles of public borrowing that ensure timely servicing of overdue monetary obligations and support fiscal responsibility and credibility of public loan subscribers. The second part of the paper deals with the concept of an odious public debt emission and its correlation with the state immunity for undertaking economic activities, which are indisputable in the field of fiscal and financial sovereignty but it raises the issue of responsibility of the public monetary agents (central banks and public debt management agencies) for the harm they may cause to others in their work. In particular, the analysis focuses on the need for a more extensive use of the doctrine of odious public debt as a means of protecting the creditors from subscribing to the so-called "odious" bonds of dictatorial state regimes. The author also points to the need for establishing an international judicial forum which would have the authority to prevent the effects of an odious public debt in a timely manner by ensuring an early detection of mala fides by the debtor state or extend the necessary period for examining such intentions prior to the conclusion of the contract. In the author's view, this is a vital condition for the effective operation of credible public debt management policies.
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Tinikashvili, T. Sh. "Financial imperatives for local budgeting." Finance and Credit 26, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 1785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.8.1785.
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Subject. In the study, I evaluate how financial imperatives and restrictions influence the formation and use of the local budget. Objectives. The study analyzes causes of the deficit of the local budget, municipal debt and debt servicing expenses and review them for current limits set by the budgetary laws. Methods. I analyzed scholarly data and other information and conducted the synthesis of the findings. Results. To ensure that the local budget is compliant with lawful financial imperatives that govern budgetary planning and local forecasts. I suggest how the profitable part of the local budget should be backed and expenditures should be optimized. Conclusions and Relevance. Income and expenditures of the local budget are regulated with financial imperatives set by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, such as the balance of income and expenditures, limit of the deficit, limit of the municipal debt, the upper limit of municipal debt servicing expenditures. To ensure the compliance and increase the profitable part of the local budget, municipal authorities should more actively support investment projects and SME, update the information about the taxable base and holders of real estate for purposes of non-taxable income growth, handle overdue payments and underpaid taxes and property payments more intensively. To optimize expenditures of the local budget, it would be reasonable to replace the region’s debt liabilities to credit institutions with cheaper publicly-funded loan from the higher-level budgets, and refinance the current debt liabilities to credit institutions as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation decreases the key rate.
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Domaschenko, D. V., and A. S. Schegolev. "INDICATORS OF BANKING ACTIVITY — A LEADING INDICATORS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT)." Federalism, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2019-2-138-155.
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Officially published statistics on socio-economic development of the regions implies significant disadvantages such as considerable time delay and insufficient validity. Analysis of banking indicators greatly contributes to easing the problems. Indicators on payment dynamics, changes in payment and settlement infrastructure, the structure of the bank resources, and lending to various loaners successfully complement and verify findings based on the traditional economic data on the real sector of the economy and the financial condition of citizens. In the Central Federal District, data on the banking sector activity confirms the official economic growth rates. During research no relations were found between the average per capita income and the amount of bank savings of individuals. We revealed the dominance of mortgage lending in the debt structure of individuals. Share of mortgage lending is larger in the most depressive regions. We figured out the inverse relationship between the growth of debt load and overdue debt in Central Federal region. The large companies contribute to the development of the most successful regions the way more than small and medium-sized business. Digitalization is a sequence of economic growth.
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Karmeliuk, Hanna, Svitlana Plaskon, and Halyna Seniv. "Mathematical modeling of influence of Ukraine’s external debt on standards of living." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(83) (February 22, 2017): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.01.021.
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Since the current state of the global financial system can be described as a crisis of excessive debt, Ukraine’s foreign debt is crucial for the present stage of stable development. Inefficient use of external borrowed funds results in a real loss of economic and political security of the state, particularly in a decline of living standards. The purpose of the article is to analyze Ukraine’s government-backed debt, subsistence minimum, minimum and averagewages, and to identify cause-effect relationships between the external debt, the cost of living, minimum and average wages using econometric models. The paper also analyzes dynamics of government-backed external debt and indicators of living standards in Ukraine over 1996- 2016 as well as interrelation between them. A number of trend models which show dynamics of Ukraine’s external debt, subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages are developed. These models are used to calculate their projected values. The authors have developed and justified economic and mathematical models of dependencies of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages on the foreign state debt, and economic and mathematical models of dependencies of the government-backed external debt on subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages. It is noted that there is a strong dependency of subsistence minimum and minimum wage. Periods of dynamics of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages, calculated in hryvnia and dollar equivalents, are defined. It is shown that the trends of the above-mentioned indicators have the same branches or periods. Moreover, it is proved that as compared with hryvnia, dollar plays a significant role in shaping indicators of living standards in Ukraine. Distributed lag models of dependencies of subsistence minimum, minimum and average wages on the foreign debt are calculated. The models show that the main impact of the government-backed external debt on subsistence minimum and minimum wage is four years overdue. The models with instrumental variables of direct and inverse dependencies of the external debt on subsistence minimum and of subsistence minimum on the external debt are developed and justified. These models are used to forecast the researched indicators.
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Goryacheva, Tatyana V., and Olga A. Myzrova. "Enterprise internal monitoring development as part of the bank lending strategy formation." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-2-141-147.
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Introduction. In solving the issue of ensuring the effective implementation of the company’s lending strategy for the purpose of its rational formation, the issues of internal monitoring of enterprises are of particular relevance. Theoretical analysis. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of developing algorithmized tools for the development of a system for monitoring the credit strategy of an enterprise is justified. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the ratio of issued credit loan funds and overdue debt of legal entities of the Russian Federation is carried out, the dynamics of the industries’ debt burden is shown. Results. Methodological approaches to monitoring enterprises in the system of bank lending have been developed. The proposed algorithmized mechanism for monitoring the implementation of the current strategy, which is carried out in two stages. At the same time, at the first stage, an analysis of market and non-market factors affecting the implementation of strategies is carried out. At the second stage, the internal environment of enterprises is analyzed. The practical implementation of the research results suggests the possibility of using a shell-based mechanism for monitoring the credit strategy at specific enterprises.
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Berlinger, Edina, and György Walter. "Income-contingent repayment scheme for non-performing mortgage loans in Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 65, s1 (December 2015): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.s1.8.
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At the end of 2014, more than 23% of the foreign currency denominated mortgage portfolio in Hungary was overdue; about 20% was classified as non-performing and the tendency is worsening. In this paper, we propose a solution to effectively reduce the credit and systemic risk inherent to this portfolio – the proposed model can be applied to other mortgage portfolios in trouble as well. The main element of our proposal is income-contingent repayment complemented with effective incentives to motivate debtors to repay their debt. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme is attractive for both the debtors and the lenders; therefore, contrary to some recent policy measures, in this case there is no need for direct state intervention to force modifications to the existing legal contracts. In order to evaluate the possible effects, we simulated a realistic population of borrowers with different age, debt, loan-to-value, and income. Then we calculated the expected income paths, the repayments of the borrowers as well as the profit of the lenders on the basis of the non-performing FX mortgage portfolio. The results underpin that the proposed scheme creates significant value added and, most importantly, that it can effectively reduce the vulnerability of the entire economy to future shocks.
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Kisilu, Alfonse Editor. "EFFECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL CYCLE ON PROFITABILITY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN GHANA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 3 (January 16, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.220.
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Purpose: The study was on the effects of working capital cycle on profitability of manufacturing firms in Ghana.Methodology: The research design used in this study was explanatory research design. There are 78 large manufacturing firms in Loan Book of Barclays Bank Ghana. The population of the study is therefore 78 firms. The sampling frame was the loan book of Barclays Bank Ghana. It is for this reason that the study considered 50% of the population to be the sample size. This yielded 39 large manufacturing firms. The study used secondary data only for the purposes of analysis and drawing of conclusions. Descriptive statistics included mean scores and inferential statistics included regression modeling.Results: Results show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and mean debtor’s collection period whose beta coefficients is -1817.81. Results show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and mean inventory conversion period whose beta coefficients is -103.762. The mean payable deferral period had a positive relationship with profitability with a beta coefficient of 1097.073. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and working capital conversion cycle with a beta coefficient of -816.198.Policy recommendation: It was recommended that speeding up payments to suppliers might increase profitability because firms often receive a substantial discount for prompt payment.It was also recommended that the government should intervene by way of a legislation that would impose penalty interest for delayed payment of commercial debts. Such a provision would create a level playing field by binding all firms to pay promptly and ease the cash flow problems of small firms, who will be compensated for any overdue payments. It was recommended that the owners of firms be made more aware and trained on the best credit management practice. That way, they could reduce the amount of overdue debt and alleviate the problem.
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Ostrovska, N. "Modeling of credit portfolio management efficiency." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 70, no. 3 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.03.089.
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Credit operations, among the great variety of services provided by the bank, are one of the most important activities. In the assets of commercial banks, loans occupy a strong position of the most extensional and profitable items. The reliability and financial stability of commercial banks depends on the composition and structure of the bank's loan portfolio and the process of its management. Under current conditions, the development and improvement of the bank's loan portfolio management system intended to minimize the credit risks and ensure the sustainable operation of commercial banks have become particularly important. Crisis phenomena in economy have proved that the activities of any economic entity is associated with uncertainty in market development. Adverse developments in the world markets directly affected the solvency of borrowers of many banks. The increase in defaults of most borrowers resulted in the increase in defaults on loans, causing the increase in overdue debt, lower profitability and liquidity problems in banks. Thus, the recent crisis in the world economy, including Ukrainian economy, has demonstrated the failure of the methods used to assess and manage credit risk in banking, as well as the imperfection of the methods used to manage the loan portfolios of commercial banks. The results of the previous carried out investigation indicate that in order to form the correct management decisions and take practical actions concerning the formation of loan portfolio for commercial bank, it is necessary to assess its status. In this regard, the method of econometric modeling (determination of the relationship between gross domestic product and overdue debt of the banking system in Ukraine, the relationship between the volume of loans issued by banks and the discount rate; the relationship between the volume of loans issued to individuals and the volume of the loan portfolio in general) is differentiated in this paper from other estimation methods. This method made it possible to determine the effectiveness of loan portfolio management of commercial banks. The results of the calculations provide reasons to confirm that there is insignificant relationship between the level of loans to individuals and the loan portfolio.
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Dutton, George. "The Challenges of Writing Vietnamese History." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000091.
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I think it is fair to say that Keith Taylor's new history of the Vietnamese peoples, A History of the Vietnamese, is long awaited in at least two senses. Those who were aware that Professor Taylor was working on this project were eager to see how a senior scholar would present the broad sweep of the Vietnamese past. But even those who were not anticipating this particular work must have been waiting for the first serious and detailed English-language survey of Vietnam's long history. While there exist, for example, hundreds of such surveys in English on the history of China, until now there had been no serious effort by a respected scholar to set forth a similar work for Vietnam. In short, such a work is long, long overdue, and the field is deeply in Taylor's debt for having tackled such a daunting project.
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Kim, Nam Hyun. "The Characteristics of Distressed Debt and the Repayment Effects of Overdue Interest Rate Reduction - The Case of KR&C -." Journal of Korean Economics Studies 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 59–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46665/jkes.2019.06.37.2.59.
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Maya, Agustina, and Kusuma Dewi. "Analisis Pengendalian Internal Piutang Usaha Dalam Meminimalisir Piutang Tidak Tertagih." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v8i2.370.
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Credit sales are carried out by companies to attract many customers, so that the sales volume can increase compared to sales in cash. However, credit sales have several risks including uncollectible receivables. Hence, internal control of receivables is very important as receivables, in the future, must be recorded in cash flow. If there are customers who are overdue in payments or fail to settle their debts due to various reasons, the company’s operational activities will be disrupted.
The purpose of this study is to determine the internal control of trade receivables in minimizing uncollectible receivables in a company.
PT Bostinco is a manufacturing company that produces safes, filling cabinets, roll-o-pack sliding cabinets, fire doors, etc. In its regular sales practice, the company uses a credit sales system, preceded by down payment requirements based on the agreement between the seller and the customers. As credit sales made by the company will cause trade receivables, internal control is carried out to minimize the risk of uncollectible receivables.
The results of the study show that internal control of accounts receivable in minimizing uncollectible receivables runs poorly due to the findings of the original Delivery Order files that are still discharged. Moreover, the company has some VAT debt arrears which prevents it from getting the tax invoice number. Unfortunately, there is no penalty agreement for late payment despite of quite large amount of receivables.
Keywords: Internal Control of Accounts Receivable and Minimize Uncollectible Receivables
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Terehova, N. "Current Trends in the Dynamics of Consumer Lending in Russia." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2020-50-53.
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A characteristic feature of the current stage of economic development is an increase in current consumption by households while reducing their savings. This is a peculiar phenomenon of the Russian practice of economic development. Since this transition is an indicator of a steadily developing economic environment. However, the current inflationary processes in the Russian economy and the instability of the national currency have a negative impact on the dynamics of monetary incomes of the population and their forced departure from the savings model. In order to meet current needs and purchase necessary goods and services, Russians are increasingly using credit funds, whose interest rates are currently characterized by a downward trend. However, the expansion of the purchasing power of the population at the expense of credit funds leads to an increase in the risk of non-return and the decline in the solvency citizens. The article analyzes the dynamics of the volume and structure of consumer lending for the period 2016–2019. The article analyzes changes in loan rates, the volume of overdue debt, and regional features of lending to the country’s population.
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Ramzaeva, E. P., and O. V. Kravchenko. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE SECTOR OF RETAIL LENDING OF RUSSIAN BANKS DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD OF 2020." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 2 (2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2021-2-41-46.
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Lending to the population is an essential part of the country’s economic system, its development in the global financial market. Due to the steady downward trend in economic growth and real incomes of the population, the spread of the coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation in 2020, the issue of fulfillment by the borrowers their obligations to banks became relevant. Many consumers of credit services were unable to fulfill their obligations in full and in due time, which led commercial banks to the most significant risk – credit one. The study considers the main aspects of the functioning of the Russian consumer lending market in the context of the lockdown of the global economy, analyzes the factors, which determined both the growth and contraction of the market under the pandemic influence. The study assessed the dynamic changes in key indicators determining the state of this economic sector in 2020. The authors analyzed the dynamics of granting retail credits and the dynamics of overdue debt. The paper considered the level of the debt burden of the population and the indicators of personal credit rating of borrowers – the main factors influencing the favorable decision on loan granting. Based on the study results, the authors conclude that the pandemic period did not cause severe damage to the retail lending sector. As the main trends of the current year, the study highlights toughening of the requirements on the part of commercial banks to borrowers, an increase in interest rates on credit products, and the improvement of payment discipline in the regions.
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Pechenskaya-Polishchuk, M. A., and A. A. Volkov. "Trends of Regional Banking System Develoment (Illustrated by entities of the North-West Federal Area)." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-47-58.
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The article studies the lines in the development of banking system in regions of the North-West Federal Area. By analyzing the banking system on the regional level within the period being researched the authors identified such key trends as a decline in the number of regional banks, a growth in the total profit of the banking system in the federal area, a rise in the volume of credits granted to individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, a drop in credits given to entities of small and medium entrepreneurship, a cut in interest rates of credits to legal entities and a sharp increase in overdue debt under credit on mortgage. On the basis of the analysis the key figures of the banking system on the regional level (illustrated by regions of the North-West federal area) the authors identified negative and positive trends, which allowed them to substantiate the key lines in the development of regional banking system. The principle findings of the research can be useful for management of regional banks and state authorities. Such methods as comparative analysis, longitude, synthesis, system analysis and economic-statistic methods were used in the research.
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Remeikiene, Rita, Ligita Gaspareniene, and Gintare Grigaliune. "The Issues of the Management of Receivables: Lithuanian Case." Economics and Culture 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2016-0011.
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Abstract Constant changes in business environment determine the significance of receivables to business. The analysis of the current situation in Lithuania has revealed that a substantial part of business enterprises are facing the problem of overdue receivables. This issue emerged as extremely topical after the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008. A number of scientific studies confirmed that the level of receivables has a significant impact not only on smooth business operation but also on operational results and serves as the cause of numerous economic and social problems, faced by both business enterprises and the state. Rising level of receivables determines slower recovery of total economics because it has a negative impact on the sustainability of the public sector of the country. In addition, the scientists highlight economic problems such as production capacity losses, general decrease in competitiveness and failure to satisfy the debt claims. The social problems include the increase in unemployment rate, fall of living standards, dissatisfaction with poor economics of the country and uncertainty about the future. The aim of this article is to analyse the impact of receivables on business in Lithuania. The methods of the research include scientific literature analysis and statistical data analysis.
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Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna, Ewa Kocot, and Anna Kozieł. "Financial Performance of Public Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study among Polish Providers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072188.
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There is growing evidence of a positive association between health care providers’ financial standing and the quality of care. In Poland, the instable financial situation and growing debt of public hospitals has been a source of concern for more than two decades now. The objectives of this paper were to compare the financial performance of public hospitals in Poland, depending on the ownership and organizational form; and analyze whether there is an association between financial performance and the chosen variables. We conducted a cross sectional study covering the whole population of public hospitals operating in 2018. The total number of included units was 805. The hospitals’ financial outcomes were measured by several variables; Spearman’s rank correlation was calculated, and a multivariable logistic regression model was performed. In 2018, the majority of public hospitals in Poland (52%) generated a gross loss, while 40% hospitals had overdue liabilities. There were statistically significant differences between hospital groups, with university hospitals and those owned by counties (local hospitals) being in the most disadvantageous situation. Additionally, corporatized public hospitals performed worse than those functioning in the classic legal form of independent health care units. Urgent actions are needed to measure and monitor the potential impact of financial performance on the quality of care.
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Kutsyk, Petro. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RECEIVABLES OF ENTERPRISES OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES: ACCOUNTING SUPPORT." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-3-9.
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The branch characteristics of activity of the enterprises of housing and communal services are defined with features of management of receivables: its absence of alternative concerning partially rendered services to consumers that would directly influence reduction of incomes of the enterprise of housing and communal services; its impossibility of resale of services, lack of clear control over the quality of services provided and its price, which leads to dissatisfaction with the social needs of the population; its lack of flexible discounts for honest payers of housing and communal services. The analysis of the structure of receivables of the population for the consumed housing and communal services of the enterprises of the Lviv region during April-August 2020 is carried out. It is established that the use of inefficient methods of housing management leads to low payment discipline of buyers, which contributes to the deterioration of the financial condition of the industry as a whole. Therefore, methods of accelerating the payment of receivables with appropriate reporting on the quality of services provided should be actively used. The dynamics of the amount of funds for which agreements on debt restructuring for housing and communal services have been concluded, and the amount repaid by consumers-debtors indicates increased activities on concluding contracts and gradual repayment of debts by consumers. In case of overdue receivables for housing and communal services, the consumer should be reminded of the need to pay the debt in different ways. These are in the form of a re-receipt, correspondent (send by registered mail on demand), SMS, or call, or direct visit of the housing and communal services department representative to the service object, and finding out the cause of existing receivables, the order of criteria for their classification into doubtful and bad types of receivables. The purpose of the research is to identify sectorial characteristics of housing and communal services, which determine the features of receivables management and improve the methodology of statistical analysis of receivables to identify causes of late payment of housing and communal services and ways to motivate consumers to repay debts. Methodology. The method of statistical analysis of receivables is developed to be carried out in three stages: analysis of the structure of receivables; analysis of the dynamics of receivables for communal services; analysis of the effectiveness of receivables restructuring. Results. The following stages of statistical analysis of receivables for housing and communal services are offered. Analysis of the structure of receivables to determine the types of housing and communal services for which we observe the largest and smallest share in total is proposed. Analysis of the dynamics of receivables for communal services to determine trends in indicators in the regional aspect is suggested. Analysis of the effectiveness of the restructuring receivables (provides for the calculation of the increase in the number of agreements on debt restructuring and assessment in the dynamics of repayment of these receivables) is proffered. Practical implications. We identified effective management methods of receivables of housing and communal services that improves the financial condition of the industry as a whole. Value/originality. The statistical analysis of the receivables of enterprise of housing and communal services has been further developed.
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Tsvetkov, V. A., M. N. Dudin, and S. N. Saifieva. "Problems and Prospects of Development of Microfinance Organizations in the Russian Federation." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-3-96-111.
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Intensive development of microfinance organizations in Russia has a double meaning. On the one hand, they are claimed by the population; on the other hand, the state control over their activities is difficult. The study reveals the nature, problems and prospects of development of microfinance organizations in Russia. The aim of the authors is to determine the nature of the controversial development of the financial market segment and suggest mechanisms that can resolve these contradictions. The study used a systematic approach and statistical methods. The authors analyzed analytical and statistical information of the Bank of Russia. The lack of adequate mechanisms for the state regulation and control over the activities of microfinance organizations the state is due to the gaps in the legislative framework. This was the reason for the increase in the share of overdue debts, the high debt load of the population, the intensification of collectors, the increase in lawsuits. The actions are proposed for increasing transparency of microfinance transactions without increasing the administrative burden on regulatory authorities. Among them are: attracting private investorslenders to microfinance activities with the development of Internet infrastructure, creating a special online platform to register microloan transactions between individuals and / or legal entities in real time with recording them in the Bank of Russia and in tax services. It is also necessary to amend the legislation on microfinance activity. This sequence of actions will lead to a reduction in the informal sector in the microfinance segment and in the financial market of the Russian Federation as a whole. The proposals made in the article can be used to develop the anti-crisis program of the Government of the Russian Federation in this area.
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Novikov, O., and N. Kozlov. "Growing Household Credit Load Through the Prism of Social Perception, Credit, and Political Attitudes of Russians." Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, no. 4 (March 2, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-4-19-32.
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The year 2020 demonstrates another surge of civil non-conventional activism in the world due to the epidemiological situation and related government restrictive measures. in Russia, at the background of the “Corona-crisis” and falling real incomes, retail lending to households continues to proliferate, along with an increase in their overdue debt. The deteriorating economic well-being of Russians raises questions about the possibility of an increase in political protest behaviour of citizens and how much their readiness for it is affected by the deteriorating financial situation due to difficulties in paying off their loan obligations. The authors used the methods of cybermetric analysis and mass survey, examines the perception of the credit problem by Russians, their assessment of its causes and “culprits” (the state, banks and borrowers themselves). The paper also notes some trends of mutual conditionality at the individual level of credit attitudes of Russians, their financial prosperity and readiness to participate in various forms of pro-government and opposition political activity. The authors conclude that the most common conservative model of credit behaviour among Russians contributes to the latent deterioration of the subjective well-being of borrowers that not always leading to a decrease in credit payments. It, in turn, leads to a desire to share responsibility for these difficulties with creditors and the state and, probably, increases the readiness for protest activism.
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Zymovets, Vladyslav. "The excessive receivables of the enterprises: causes and consequences for the financial system of Ukraine." Economy and Forecasting 2019, no. 2 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.005.
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In accordance with the established approach, excessive receivables are a manifestation of the crisis situation with inter-company settlements whose fundamental reason is the lack of liquidity and capital in the economy. Freezing cash into receivables slows down capital flows in the economy, generates systemic risks and negatively affects the companies' investment activities. In this article, excessive receivables are defined as the excess of the share of receivables in assets over its normal level, which is typical for a particular country's model of business financing, with due regard to sector specificity. The author analyzes causes and consequences of the abnormally high amounts of recei¬vables in Ukraine. Among the reasons for excessive receivables in the assets of Ukrainian companies are low payment discipline and difficulties in recovering debts, whose manifestations include a large proportion of overdue and bad debts. The emphasis is made on slowing settlements and increasing burden of receivables in the country. Decomposition of aggregated receivables for goods, works and services based on company size shows a shift in the non-payment burden towards small and medium-sized businesses, whose manifestation is the extension of repayment terms. At the same time, more than a half of the receivables in Ukraine's companies accounts for other receivables that are not directly related to the companies' operative activities, which is one of the manifestations of business financialization. Compared to foreign countries, the above share in Ukraine is abnormally high, due to the active use of shadow loan capital schemes by companies, including the laundering of "dirty" funds and the injection of capital from offshore to support business liquidity. Solving the problem of excessive receivables requires overcoming the existing liquidity shortage in Ukraine, increasing money supply based on gradual reduction of this government debt dependence and restoring business confidence in the banking system of Ukraine. The publication is prepared for the implementation of the planned project of the Department of Finances of the Reals Sector in the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: "Financial Risks of Doing Business in Ukraine: Sector of Nonfinancial Corporations" (state registration No 0118U006088).
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Starykh , S. A., S. A. Lavoshnikova , and A. D. Chesnokova. "MORTGAGE LENDING MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS." Region: systems, economy, management 2, no. 53 (2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1997-4469-2021-53-2-72-78.
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Subject. The market of mortgage housing lending in the Russian Federation. Topic. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the mortgage lending market. Purpose. Analyze the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation and identify the reasons for its explosive growth in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2020. Methodology. Methods of comparative analysis of the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation. Results. The possibility of the formation of a financial bubble in the real estate market in Russia is studied, and the probable prospects for the development of the mortgage market are evaluated Application area. The mortgage lending market, including the behavior of borrowers (buyers in the housing market) and the activities of credit institutions. Conclusions. The article analyzes the housing mortgage lending market in the Russian Federation and identifies the reasons for its explosive growth in the 3rd and 4th quarters of 2020. The article examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the mortgage lending market, including the behavior of borrowers (buyers in the housing market) and the activities of credit institutions. The possibility of the formation of a financial bubble in the real estate market in Russia is studied, and the probable prospects for the development of the mortgage market are evaluated. Keywords: mortgage lending, deferred demand, financial bubble, coronavirus pandemic, mortgage lending rate, key rate, average credit rating of the borrower, overdue debt, bankruptcy, reserves for possible losses.
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Yanenkova, Iryna, Yuliia Nehoda, Svetlana Drobyazko, Andrii Zavhorodnii, and Lyudmyla Berezovska. "Modeling of Bank Credit Risk Management Using the Cost Risk Model." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050211.
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This article deals with the issue of managing bank credit risk using a cost risk model. Modeling of bank credit risk management was proposed based on neural-cell technologies, which expand the possibilities of modeling complex objects and processes and provide high reliability of credit risk determination. The purpose of the article is to improve and develop methodical support and practical recommendations for reducing the level of risk based on the value-at-risk (VaR) methodology and its subsequent combination with methods of fuzzy programming and symbiotic methodical support. The model makes it possible to create decision support subsystems for nonperforming loan management based on the neuro-fuzzy approach. For this paper, economic and mathematical tools (based on the VaR methodology) were used, which made it possible to analyze and forecast the dynamics of overdue payment; assess the quality of the credit portfolio of the bank; determine possible trends in bank development. A scientific and practical approach is taken to assess and forecast the degree of credit problematicity by qualitative criteria using a mathematical model based on a fuzzy technology, which can forecast the increased risk of loan default at an early stage in the process of monitoring the loan portfolio and model forecasting changes in the degree of credit problematicity on change of indicators. A methodology is proposed for the analysis and forecasting of indicators of troubled loan debt, which should be implemented as software and included in the decision support system during the process of monitoring the risk of the bank’s credit portfolio.
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Savchina, Oksana V., Ekaterina A. Sidorina, Olga V. Savchina, and Petr S. Shcherbachenko. "Financial Sustainability Assessment of the Largest Systemically Important Credit Institutions in the Context of the Global Instability." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p10.
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The national banking system is the driver for the national economy that unites various types of credit organizations that operate within a single monetary mechanism. The banking system is a part of the economic “organism”, whose condition determines the stable development of society. The problems that currently exist in the banking sector reflect instability of the entire economic situation in the country. The reasons are a reduction in budget support for organizations and the inability of some of them to adapt to changing external conditions. In crisis conditions, it is of particular interest to assess the financial sustainability of the activity of the largest systemically important banks in the country, which are the “circulatory system” of the national economy. This article assesses the financial stability of PJSC “Sberbank of Russia” based on an analysis of the main groups of its performance indicators for 2007-2019: capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability and liquidity. According to the research results, it is revealed that during the period under review, the activity of Sberbank is stable with respect to such indicators as capital adequacy, profitability, management efficiency and liquidity. Bank activity is unstable relative to asset quality indicators. The high value of the asset quality ratio characterizes the increased degree of riskiness of operations conducted. The ratio of overdue debt is above the norm, which adversely affects the financial stability of the bank. The most important achievement of Sberbank of Russia in 2019 - the launch of a new digital platform of the bank. The use of artificial intelligence technologies has already become an important driver of Sberbank business. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the Russian banking sector may face a number of problems. By 2021-2022, the growth is expected only by those banks that will build an effective risk management system and will be able to adapt their business strategies to the new economic realities and tougher requirements of the regulator.
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Savchina, Oksana V., Ekaterina A. Sidorina, Olga V. Savchina, and Petr S. Shcherbachenko. "Financial Sustainability Assessment of the Largest Systemically Important Credit Institutions in the Context of the Global Instability." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p10.
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The national banking system is the driver for the national economy that unites various types of credit organizations that operate within a single monetary mechanism. The banking system is a part of the economic “organism”, whose condition determines the stable development of society. The problems that currently exist in the banking sector reflect instability of the entire economic situation in the country. The reasons are a reduction in budget support for organizations and the inability of some of them to adapt to changing external conditions. In crisis conditions, it is of particular interest to assess the financial sustainability of the activity of the largest systemically important banks in the country, which are the “circulatory system” of the national economy. This article assesses the financial stability of PJSC “Sberbank of Russia” based on an analysis of the main groups of its performance indicators for 2007-2019: capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability and liquidity. According to the research results, it is revealed that during the period under review, the activity of Sberbank is stable with respect to such indicators as capital adequacy, profitability, management efficiency and liquidity. Bank activity is unstable relative to asset quality indicators. The high value of the asset quality ratio characterizes the increased degree of riskiness of operations conducted. The ratio of overdue debt is above the norm, which adversely affects the financial stability of the bank. The most important achievement of Sberbank of Russia in 2019 - the launch of a new digital platform of the bank. The use of artificial intelligence technologies has already become an important driver of Sberbank business. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the Russian banking sector may face a number of problems. By 2021-2022, the growth is expected only by those banks that will build an effective risk management system and will be able to adapt their business strategies to the new economic realities and tougher requirements of the regulator.
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Rao, M. Govind. "Public Finance in Pandemic Times." Journal of Asian Development Research 1, no. 1 (December 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633190x211003336.
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Never before in living memory has economic destruction been so severe as it has been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has struck at a time when the economy has already been slowing due to structural problems. Therefore, hastening the recovery process and accelerating the pace of economic growth requires the government not only to provide substantial stimulus but also to implement structural reforms. The stimulus provided so far has been mainly by the RBI on the supply side in terms of reducing interest rate, augmenting augment liquidity, restructuring loans to stressed sectors, moratorium on repayment of loans to severely impacted businesses and regulatory forbearance. The fiscal stimulus on the demand side has not been significant and amounted to just about 1.5 percent to 2 percent of GDP. The sharp contraction of the economy by 15.7 percent in the first half has substantially eroded revenue collections requiring both central and state governments to sharply reduce both government consumption and investment expenditures. Faster recovery in the second half of the year will crucially depend upon heavy lifting by the governments which requires them to increase consumption expenditures, transfers as well as capital expenditure by scaling up borrowing as well as monetizing the assets. The aggregate fiscal deficit as well as outstanding debt are likely to show a sharp increase which will raise questions of sustainability. The government has initiated a number of reforms, particularly to infuse flexibility to land and labour markets, reform regulatory systems in education and healthcare, and has made additional borrowing to the states conditional on undertaking power sector reforms, property tax reforms and improving the ease of doing business. However, implementation of these reforms holds the key. There is a need to urgently address problems of the financial sector. Reforms in sectors such as police and judiciary too are overdue to protect the life and property of people and enforce contracts.
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Drobiazko, Anatoliy. "MARKET TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF UKRAINE: A VIEW THROUGH THE PRISM OF "NON-ECONOMIC" POLICY." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.085.
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The author analyzes the processes occurring in the banking sector of Ukraine from the standpoint of "non-economic" policy, the theory of which is currently being discussed in modern economics. According to the author, the impact of such a policy does not allow Ukraine to find the optimal strategy for its development, in particular regarding the regulation in the banking sector. One of the reasons for this is the shortage of public administration, which is generally characteristic of countries with economies in transition. It is proved that the NBU's "settlement" of the banking market after 2014 was extremely unsuccessful from an economic point of view. Quantitative estimates of losses suffered by the Ukrainian economy as a result of the campaign to clean up the banking sector during 2014-2016 are presented and analyzed. Through the prism of the typology of "non-economic" policy, the author considers the processes of demonetization of Ukraine's economy and current problems of the national stock market. It is determined that during the reforms in the banking sector, the adoption by the ruling elite, as well as the by the judiciary, of a series of uncalculated and unconsidered decisions poorly consistent with Ukraine’s specific features led to destructive consequences, which affect the long-term development of the country's economy. In addition to economic losses (more than 10 billion USD) and the planting of a ticking bomb under the future lending, the "bankfall" brought about social damage, which is the loss, by the most active segment of the population, of the confidence in the economic strategy proposed by government officials. In recent years, after the crisis of 2014, no banking institutions have been registered, while the number of banks’ separate branches is rapidly declining, along with the corresponding number of jobs. The author concludes that the current practice of selling liquidation assets of bankrupt banks will have a long-term negative effect, because it benefited bad creditors who bought their overdue debt at a discount through third parties, while the most active part of the population (depositors "200+" and small and medium businesses) suffered losses and lost confidence in banks. It is noted that the main reason for Ukraine to choose the "non-economic" policy is the separation of the management decisions from real socio-economic needs. As a result, the economic decisions initiated in this area not only cause material damage, but also hinder this country’s civilizational advancement
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Visaria, Sujata. "Legal Reform and Loan Repayment: The Microeconomic Impact of Debt Recovery Tribunals in India." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.59.
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In 1993, the Indian government introduced debt recovery tribunals to speed up the resolution of debt recovery claims larger than a threshold. This paper exploits the staggered introduction of tribunals across states and the link between overdues and claim size to implement a differences-in-differences strategy on project loan data. It finds that the tribunals reduced delinquency for the average loan by 28 percent. They also lowered the interest rates charged on larger loans, holding constant borrower quality. This suggests that the speedier processing of debt recovery suits can lower the cost of credit. (JEL G21, K41, O16, O17)
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Betts, Kellyn. "Risk-management software tool makes long-overdue debut." Environmental Science & Technology 33, no. 11 (June 1999): 230A—231A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9928273.
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Lin, Liqiong, Mohamad Dian Revindo, Christopher Gan, and David A. Cohen. "Determinants of credit card spending and debt of Chinese consumers." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-01-2018-0010.
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PurposeThe rapid growth of credit card use in China poses the potential for card overuse and the accumulation of increased debt. The purpose of this paper is to report on an investigation into the determinants of overall credit card spending and card-financed debt by Chinese consumers.Design/methodology/approachThis study focusses on two dependent variables: credit card monthly spending and card debt. The spending measure is based on consumer outlay for the month preceding the survey. Card debt is the consumers’ outstanding credit card debt when the survey was conducted. Three groups of independent measures are used: socio-demographic characteristics, card features and consumer attitude towards money. Both card spending and card debt are estimated with OLS methods. Data was obtained from the 2013 China Household Finance Survey of 1,920 households in 29 provinces and 262 counties across China that used credit cards over the survey period.FindingsThe empirical findings suggest consumers’ attitude towards money is more important in explaining card spending and debt variation than socio-demographic characteristics and card features. The credit limit set for a card, obligations to other loans and the method of paying for ordinary shopping exhibit positive effects on both card spending and card debt, while age exhibits a negative effect. Further, card spending is positively correlated with card debts, but the factors that determine card spending do not necessarily affect card debt and vice versa. Minimum card debt payments, cash advances, card tenure and interest-bearing debt have no effect on card spending but have positive effects on card debt. In addition, gender and income have opposite effects on card spending and debt.Practical implicationsThe relationships we have documented suggest several actions the Chinese Government could consider dealing with credit card debt risk. Controlling the aggressive promotional campaigns that card issuers use to attract consumers and aggressive credit policies should be a focus of attention. The Chinese Government might, for example, impose minimum age and income requirements for granting credit cards and prohibit issuance of new cards to applicants who are already in debt with other types of credit. In addition, more stringent criteria to curb increases in card limits and tighter control over cash advances made on cards should be applied. Minimum payment amounts can also be increased in order to reduce credit card debt risk.Originality/valueDespite ample documentation of consumers’ credit card behaviour, the literature is deficient in at least two areas of enquiry. First, most previous research has investigated either credit card spending behaviour or card debt, but not both. Second, with few exceptions, most research has investigated a range of specific factors that affect credit card use. In contrast, this study investigates card spending as well as card debt behaviour using a wide variety of consumer dimensions particularly relevant to credit card use and resulting debt. In addition, this study focusses on Chinese consumers, who traditionally prefer to save first and delay spending. The impact of the rapid growth of credit card use on this traditional Chinese orientation towards spending is dynamic. Documenting the influence of the individual factors examined in this study is likely to be of value to both policy makers and institutions that offer and manage credit in this changing environment.