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1
Kovalenko, Dmytro, Olga Afanasieva, Nani Zabuta, Tetiana Boiko, and Rosen Rosenov Baltov. "Model of Assessing the Overdue Debts in a Commercial Bank Using Neuro-Fuzzy Technologies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050216.
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This article considers the problems of overdue credit debt and the creation of effective methods to manage problem debts in banks. The purpose of this paper is to study the problem of overdue credit debt and create effective methods to manage problem debts in financial institutions. Based on a combination of tools of fuzzy logic theory and artificial neural networks, an economic-mathematical model of collection scoring was built. Kohonen self-organizing maps were used to set the parameters of membership functions in the process of fuzzification of quantitative variables of the built model. Data were taken from the official websites of four Bulgarian banks for 2015–2019. The volume of the prepared sample amounted to 1000 credit agreements with active overdue payments. The practical value of the built model of collection scoring for the recovery of overdue debt lies in the possibility to make recommendations for work with each segment of the portfolio of overdue loans in accordance with the calculated level of credit risk. The introduction of credit risk assessment models based on neuro-fuzzy technologies in the work of financial institutions will have a positive impact on the financial results of lending activities of banks.
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Berlinger, Edina, Katalin Dobránszky-Bartus, and György Molnár. "Overdue Debts and Financial Exclusion." Risks 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090158.
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We examine the impact of overdue debts in small villages in one of Hungary’s most disadvantaged regions. We find that a significant number of debtors with overdue debts permanently escape from debt collectors. Accordingly, in our sample, overdue debts reduce the likelihood of declared work by 14 percentage points on average. The lack of declared work alone reduces the probability of opening a bank account by 21 percentage points, and overdue debts further reduce it by 9 percentage points. The negative effect of overdue debts on health is almost as large as the positive effect of a high school diploma. In addition, the health-destroying effect extends not only to the debtor but to all members of the household. Therefore, overdue debts create a poverty trap mechanism exacerbating financial exclusion, hence resulting in significant losses for both the individual and society. We recommend paying more attention to smoothing credit cycles and resolving non-performing debt obligations.
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Miroshnichenko, Olga, Anna Tarasova, and Valeriy Gamukin. "Household Incomes and Bank Residential Mortgage in Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219302010.
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The influence of the incomes of the population subject to changes on bank mortgage lending was investigated using the methods of correlation and regression analysis. Three approaches to income volatility as an indicator of their volatility have been implemented: variability within certain time periods through an assessment of the coefficients of variation during the year, between periods through an assessment of the average annual income growth rates, and the variability of the distribution between income recipients through inequality indicators. According to the research results, indicators of bank residential mortgage are more strongly associated with variations in nominal income than in real one; the low level of overdue mortgage debt in the Russian banking sector is determined by a qualitative assessment of borrowers' capabilities in accordance with their income; an increase in income volatility is accompanied by a decrease in the share of overdue mortgage debt. The stability of the population's income contributes to an increase in the number and total volume of bank residential mortgage. As a result of econometric modeling, the maximum significant effect of the unemployment rate on the share of overdue mortgage debt has been established.
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Poletaeva, V. M., and A. M. Smulov. "Traditional and Perspective Methods of Corporate Non-Performing Loans Rejustment (Liquidation)." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-141-153.
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Article covers issues of banks’ corporate non-performing and overdue loans management (liquidation). Authors make revision of methods that banks usually use for current goal solution and develop concepts of approaches to non-performing loans management that could become out the perspective alternative for traditional methods. Scientific novelty of the manuscript is in developing the methods (modifications of methods) of bank corporate nonperforming loans rejustment (liquidation). The principle of the first method is in changing conditions of corporate debt repayment - the new conditions must be determined by financial possibilities of the borrower. The main idea of the second one is in non-performing or overdue debt sell on the quasiequivalent terms. At that article set the modification of the second method, based on the idea of the expansion of the list of types of securities used for nonperforming loans exchange deals and provides with the substantiation of the author's position. In addition, the manuscript presents algorithms of mentioned perspective methods implementation. Article is based on the studies of leading Russian economists in the field of national economic system growth, banking, corporate non-performing loans management.
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Krumer-Nevo, Michal, Anastasia Gorodzeisky, and Yuval Saar-Heiman. "Debt, poverty, and financial exclusion." Journal of Social Work 17, no. 5 (May 22, 2016): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017316649330.
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Summary Over-indebtedness of impoverished households and its relevance to the social work profession have not received sufficient attention in the professional discourse. It is the intention of this article to put over-indebtedness on the professional agenda, to review the literature about it, and to present initial data from a study on over-indebtedness in Israel carried out with special attention to debtors’ coping with their debts. The research was conducted as a door-to-door survey in a neighborhood with low socio-economic characteristics and included questions about the nature of the debts, the strategies people use to cope with debts and the obstacles they face while doing so. Findings The research findings indicate a severe debt problem among the participants. Out of 142 interviewees, 61% had debt that was overdue and 27% of them did not have an active bank account – a significant parameter of financial exclusion. Moreover, the proliferation of debts per household, and the high level of debt-to-income ratio also indicate high risk for financial exclusion. Notwithstanding, the findings indicate that most debtors made active efforts in order to close their debts, using two distinct strategies, namely: trying to reach a payment arrangement with the creditor or paying off the debt by increasing their financial resources. Most debtors used the first strategy, although it was found as the less successful one. Applications The article discusses these findings in the framework of the concept of financial exclusion and proposes policy and direct interventions as well as further research on the topic.
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Domaschenko, D. V., and A. S. Schegolev. "INDICATORS OF BANKING ACTIVITY — A LEADING INDICATORS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT)." Federalism, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2019-2-138-155.
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Officially published statistics on socio-economic development of the regions implies significant disadvantages such as considerable time delay and insufficient validity. Analysis of banking indicators greatly contributes to easing the problems. Indicators on payment dynamics, changes in payment and settlement infrastructure, the structure of the bank resources, and lending to various loaners successfully complement and verify findings based on the traditional economic data on the real sector of the economy and the financial condition of citizens. In the Central Federal District, data on the banking sector activity confirms the official economic growth rates. During research no relations were found between the average per capita income and the amount of bank savings of individuals. We revealed the dominance of mortgage lending in the debt structure of individuals. Share of mortgage lending is larger in the most depressive regions. We figured out the inverse relationship between the growth of debt load and overdue debt in Central Federal region. The large companies contribute to the development of the most successful regions the way more than small and medium-sized business. Digitalization is a sequence of economic growth.
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Ostrovska, N. "Modeling of credit portfolio management efficiency." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 70, no. 3 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.03.089.
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Credit operations, among the great variety of services provided by the bank, are one of the most important activities. In the assets of commercial banks, loans occupy a strong position of the most extensional and profitable items. The reliability and financial stability of commercial banks depends on the composition and structure of the bank's loan portfolio and the process of its management. Under current conditions, the development and improvement of the bank's loan portfolio management system intended to minimize the credit risks and ensure the sustainable operation of commercial banks have become particularly important. Crisis phenomena in economy have proved that the activities of any economic entity is associated with uncertainty in market development. Adverse developments in the world markets directly affected the solvency of borrowers of many banks. The increase in defaults of most borrowers resulted in the increase in defaults on loans, causing the increase in overdue debt, lower profitability and liquidity problems in banks. Thus, the recent crisis in the world economy, including Ukrainian economy, has demonstrated the failure of the methods used to assess and manage credit risk in banking, as well as the imperfection of the methods used to manage the loan portfolios of commercial banks. The results of the previous carried out investigation indicate that in order to form the correct management decisions and take practical actions concerning the formation of loan portfolio for commercial bank, it is necessary to assess its status. In this regard, the method of econometric modeling (determination of the relationship between gross domestic product and overdue debt of the banking system in Ukraine, the relationship between the volume of loans issued by banks and the discount rate; the relationship between the volume of loans issued to individuals and the volume of the loan portfolio in general) is differentiated in this paper from other estimation methods. This method made it possible to determine the effectiveness of loan portfolio management of commercial banks. The results of the calculations provide reasons to confirm that there is insignificant relationship between the level of loans to individuals and the loan portfolio.
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Goryacheva, Tatyana V., and Olga A. Myzrova. "Enterprise internal monitoring development as part of the bank lending strategy formation." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-2-141-147.
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Introduction. In solving the issue of ensuring the effective implementation of the company’s lending strategy for the purpose of its rational formation, the issues of internal monitoring of enterprises are of particular relevance. Theoretical analysis. The article deals with the theoretical aspects of developing algorithmized tools for the development of a system for monitoring the credit strategy of an enterprise is justified. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the ratio of issued credit loan funds and overdue debt of legal entities of the Russian Federation is carried out, the dynamics of the industries’ debt burden is shown. Results. Methodological approaches to monitoring enterprises in the system of bank lending have been developed. The proposed algorithmized mechanism for monitoring the implementation of the current strategy, which is carried out in two stages. At the same time, at the first stage, an analysis of market and non-market factors affecting the implementation of strategies is carried out. At the second stage, the internal environment of enterprises is analyzed. The practical implementation of the research results suggests the possibility of using a shell-based mechanism for monitoring the credit strategy at specific enterprises.
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Lomakin, Nikolai Ivanovich, Olyga Sergeevna Peskova, Kanchana Vimalaratkhne, Irina Anatolyevna Samorodova, Svetlana Alekseevna Naumova, Sergei Anatolyevich Krashchenko, Yaroslav Andreevich Repin, Nikita Timofeevich Shabanov, and Ivan Nikolaevich Lomakin. "An artificial intelligence system for forecasting financial risk in the banking sphere in the conditions of market uncertainty." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2204-03.
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The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the analysis and forecasting of financial risk in the banking sector in conditions of market uncertainty. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the growth of problem debts of commercial banks on loans to legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and individuals is currently the most relevant and debated issue in the banking community. The analysis of the dynamics of assets and the share of overdue loans in 2010–2021 has been carried out, trends in portfolio changes have been identified. The authors considered the advantages of using the VaR indicator as a measure of risk, noting that its weak side is the inability to assess extreme losses (in the tails) if the risk is realized in the range above the confi dence interval. The Perseptron program has been developed for forecasting the dynamics of the share of overdue loans in the portfolio of a commercial bank, which is formed on the Deductor platform. Quantization (grouping) of data was carried out using a neural network on the Deductor platform, which made it possible to identify certain patterns in the change in portfolio quality. It was revealed that the value of the share of overdue loans of commercial banks is influenced by many factors, including factors included in the AI-system, so four parameters are placed on the input layer of the perceptron (%): growth in assets, market share, change in the loan portfolio, dynamics of overdue loans. The output layer has one parameter: forecast of the share of overdue loans (%). In addition to the input layer, the neural network architecture has two hidden layers, and an output layer with one parameter. The neural network shows high forecast accuracy. The error rate for Post Bank was 1.2159 %. The authors consider a wide range of financial mathematics tools proposed by the authors in order to assess and minimize financial risks, including quantile hedging, deficit hedging with minimal risk, and optimal quadratic hedging.
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Tinikashvili, T. Sh. "Financial imperatives for local budgeting." Finance and Credit 26, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 1785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.8.1785.
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Subject. In the study, I evaluate how financial imperatives and restrictions influence the formation and use of the local budget. Objectives. The study analyzes causes of the deficit of the local budget, municipal debt and debt servicing expenses and review them for current limits set by the budgetary laws. Methods. I analyzed scholarly data and other information and conducted the synthesis of the findings. Results. To ensure that the local budget is compliant with lawful financial imperatives that govern budgetary planning and local forecasts. I suggest how the profitable part of the local budget should be backed and expenditures should be optimized. Conclusions and Relevance. Income and expenditures of the local budget are regulated with financial imperatives set by the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, such as the balance of income and expenditures, limit of the deficit, limit of the municipal debt, the upper limit of municipal debt servicing expenditures. To ensure the compliance and increase the profitable part of the local budget, municipal authorities should more actively support investment projects and SME, update the information about the taxable base and holders of real estate for purposes of non-taxable income growth, handle overdue payments and underpaid taxes and property payments more intensively. To optimize expenditures of the local budget, it would be reasonable to replace the region’s debt liabilities to credit institutions with cheaper publicly-funded loan from the higher-level budgets, and refinance the current debt liabilities to credit institutions as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation decreases the key rate.
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Vlasova, Yuliya Ashumovna, Zhanneta Ilijasovna Gerzelieva, and Tatyana Mikhailovna Rogova. "The peculiarities of development of consumer lending in the conditions of pandemic on the example of ZENITH Bank." Финансы и управление, no. 4 (April 2021): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7802.2021.4.35693.
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The consumer segment of the credit services market is undergoing complex transformations due to systemic changes in the economic space caused by the pandemic. The subject of this research development trends in the market of consumer lending in the conditions of pandemic. The object is the credit services market in the context of digitalization. The article explores the peculiarities of development of the segment of consumer lending in depository institutions. Research methodology employs the method of statistical analysis and forecasting the development of trends in the area under study. The source information includes the official statistics on the dynamics of financial sector of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, available analytical sources and reports of ZENITH Bank. The main results lies in outlining the current trends in the development of consumer lending in the conditions of digitalization due to the pandemic. The author examines the ratio of the credit portfolio of the leading banks to the level of overdue debt, the structure of retail lending in the scope of credit portfolio, types and specificity of consumer lending products. Recommendations are formulated for stabilization of operating results of the commercial banks. Practical significance of the acquired results lies in revealing the impact of the ongoing changes upon the activity of depository institutions, attending risks, and vectors of the development of banking sector under the current conditions. The novelty consists in studying the experience of operation of medium-sized bank in crisis period, as well as in outlining the directions for improving its reliability and profitability.
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Kisilu, Alfonse Editor. "EFFECTS OF WORKING CAPITAL CYCLE ON PROFITABILITY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN GHANA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 3 (January 16, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.220.
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Purpose: The study was on the effects of working capital cycle on profitability of manufacturing firms in Ghana.Methodology: The research design used in this study was explanatory research design. There are 78 large manufacturing firms in Loan Book of Barclays Bank Ghana. The population of the study is therefore 78 firms. The sampling frame was the loan book of Barclays Bank Ghana. It is for this reason that the study considered 50% of the population to be the sample size. This yielded 39 large manufacturing firms. The study used secondary data only for the purposes of analysis and drawing of conclusions. Descriptive statistics included mean scores and inferential statistics included regression modeling.Results: Results show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and mean debtor’s collection period whose beta coefficients is -1817.81. Results show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and mean inventory conversion period whose beta coefficients is -103.762. The mean payable deferral period had a positive relationship with profitability with a beta coefficient of 1097.073. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between profit before tax and working capital conversion cycle with a beta coefficient of -816.198.Policy recommendation: It was recommended that speeding up payments to suppliers might increase profitability because firms often receive a substantial discount for prompt payment.It was also recommended that the government should intervene by way of a legislation that would impose penalty interest for delayed payment of commercial debts. Such a provision would create a level playing field by binding all firms to pay promptly and ease the cash flow problems of small firms, who will be compensated for any overdue payments. It was recommended that the owners of firms be made more aware and trained on the best credit management practice. That way, they could reduce the amount of overdue debt and alleviate the problem.
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Zhao, Yi, Ying Zhao, and Inseong Song. "Predicting New Customers' Risk Type in the Credit Card Market." Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 4 (August 2009): 506–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.4.506.
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Recent studies in marketing have consistently shown that all customers are not equally profitable. In the credit card business, all customers are not equally risky. When a customer misses one payment on a credit card bill, a signal is sent to the credit card company. It is important for the card issuer to interpret the signal and to identify whether the customer is a low-risk one, who will eventually pay back the debt and contribute to the card issuer's profits by paying interest on the overdue balance, or a high-risk one, who will not pay back the debt. The issuer can then customize its policies to deal with these different consumer types. This article develops a dynamic model for debt repayment behavior of new customers in the credit card market that makes it possible to differentiate between low-risk, delinquent customers and high-risk customers. The authors apply the model to a data set of new consumers' monthly spending and repayment records.
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Yanenkova, Iryna, Yuliia Nehoda, Svetlana Drobyazko, Andrii Zavhorodnii, and Lyudmyla Berezovska. "Modeling of Bank Credit Risk Management Using the Cost Risk Model." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050211.
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This article deals with the issue of managing bank credit risk using a cost risk model. Modeling of bank credit risk management was proposed based on neural-cell technologies, which expand the possibilities of modeling complex objects and processes and provide high reliability of credit risk determination. The purpose of the article is to improve and develop methodical support and practical recommendations for reducing the level of risk based on the value-at-risk (VaR) methodology and its subsequent combination with methods of fuzzy programming and symbiotic methodical support. The model makes it possible to create decision support subsystems for nonperforming loan management based on the neuro-fuzzy approach. For this paper, economic and mathematical tools (based on the VaR methodology) were used, which made it possible to analyze and forecast the dynamics of overdue payment; assess the quality of the credit portfolio of the bank; determine possible trends in bank development. A scientific and practical approach is taken to assess and forecast the degree of credit problematicity by qualitative criteria using a mathematical model based on a fuzzy technology, which can forecast the increased risk of loan default at an early stage in the process of monitoring the loan portfolio and model forecasting changes in the degree of credit problematicity on change of indicators. A methodology is proposed for the analysis and forecasting of indicators of troubled loan debt, which should be implemented as software and included in the decision support system during the process of monitoring the risk of the bank’s credit portfolio.
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Savchina, Oksana V., Ekaterina A. Sidorina, Olga V. Savchina, and Petr S. Shcherbachenko. "Financial Sustainability Assessment of the Largest Systemically Important Credit Institutions in the Context of the Global Instability." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p10.
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The national banking system is the driver for the national economy that unites various types of credit organizations that operate within a single monetary mechanism. The banking system is a part of the economic “organism”, whose condition determines the stable development of society. The problems that currently exist in the banking sector reflect instability of the entire economic situation in the country. The reasons are a reduction in budget support for organizations and the inability of some of them to adapt to changing external conditions. In crisis conditions, it is of particular interest to assess the financial sustainability of the activity of the largest systemically important banks in the country, which are the “circulatory system” of the national economy. This article assesses the financial stability of PJSC “Sberbank of Russia” based on an analysis of the main groups of its performance indicators for 2007-2019: capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability and liquidity. According to the research results, it is revealed that during the period under review, the activity of Sberbank is stable with respect to such indicators as capital adequacy, profitability, management efficiency and liquidity. Bank activity is unstable relative to asset quality indicators. The high value of the asset quality ratio characterizes the increased degree of riskiness of operations conducted. The ratio of overdue debt is above the norm, which adversely affects the financial stability of the bank. The most important achievement of Sberbank of Russia in 2019 - the launch of a new digital platform of the bank. The use of artificial intelligence technologies has already become an important driver of Sberbank business. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the Russian banking sector may face a number of problems. By 2021-2022, the growth is expected only by those banks that will build an effective risk management system and will be able to adapt their business strategies to the new economic realities and tougher requirements of the regulator.
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Savchina, Oksana V., Ekaterina A. Sidorina, Olga V. Savchina, and Petr S. Shcherbachenko. "Financial Sustainability Assessment of the Largest Systemically Important Credit Institutions in the Context of the Global Instability." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p10.
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The national banking system is the driver for the national economy that unites various types of credit organizations that operate within a single monetary mechanism. The banking system is a part of the economic “organism”, whose condition determines the stable development of society. The problems that currently exist in the banking sector reflect instability of the entire economic situation in the country. The reasons are a reduction in budget support for organizations and the inability of some of them to adapt to changing external conditions. In crisis conditions, it is of particular interest to assess the financial sustainability of the activity of the largest systemically important banks in the country, which are the “circulatory system” of the national economy. This article assesses the financial stability of PJSC “Sberbank of Russia” based on an analysis of the main groups of its performance indicators for 2007-2019: capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability and liquidity. According to the research results, it is revealed that during the period under review, the activity of Sberbank is stable with respect to such indicators as capital adequacy, profitability, management efficiency and liquidity. Bank activity is unstable relative to asset quality indicators. The high value of the asset quality ratio characterizes the increased degree of riskiness of operations conducted. The ratio of overdue debt is above the norm, which adversely affects the financial stability of the bank. The most important achievement of Sberbank of Russia in 2019 - the launch of a new digital platform of the bank. The use of artificial intelligence technologies has already become an important driver of Sberbank business. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the Russian banking sector may face a number of problems. By 2021-2022, the growth is expected only by those banks that will build an effective risk management system and will be able to adapt their business strategies to the new economic realities and tougher requirements of the regulator.
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Dimitrijević, Marko. "State immunity for economic activities: Example of an odious public debt." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 88 (2020): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-28256.
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The subject matter of analysis in this paper are the essential features of an odious public debt (loan) in contemporary monetary law. In this context, the first part of the paper focuses on the concept and basic functions of the public debt in the theory and practice of monetary management, where the author discusses the basic principles of public borrowing that ensure timely servicing of overdue monetary obligations and support fiscal responsibility and credibility of public loan subscribers. The second part of the paper deals with the concept of an odious public debt emission and its correlation with the state immunity for undertaking economic activities, which are indisputable in the field of fiscal and financial sovereignty but it raises the issue of responsibility of the public monetary agents (central banks and public debt management agencies) for the harm they may cause to others in their work. In particular, the analysis focuses on the need for a more extensive use of the doctrine of odious public debt as a means of protecting the creditors from subscribing to the so-called "odious" bonds of dictatorial state regimes. The author also points to the need for establishing an international judicial forum which would have the authority to prevent the effects of an odious public debt in a timely manner by ensuring an early detection of mala fides by the debtor state or extend the necessary period for examining such intentions prior to the conclusion of the contract. In the author's view, this is a vital condition for the effective operation of credible public debt management policies.
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Pitoska, Electra. "The Greek banking system, the liquidity stress and the entrepreunal insecurity." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1conf2p2.
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According to a report by the Director of the Bank of Greece, during the past few months there have been signs that the Greek economy has entered a phase of balance and that it will possibly claw its way back to viability in the next year. It seems that the Greek banking system successfully went through the crisis and now follows a course of a restructuring process. The restructures are vital in order to manage an eventual restoration of normal funding circumstances in the real economy. Despite the careful optimistic reports of the government concerning the economy, the reality of the economic and entrepreunal world is rather different. More particularly, according to the results of researches, seems that the vast majority of the enterprises are in a really bad situation. The situation of most of the Greek enterprises is bad as they face many problems, such as: liquidity, access to bank funding, difficulties and delays in entering state programs or special funding programs, reduction of their turnover and difficulties in collecting overdue debts from their customers
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Tsvetkov, V. A., M. N. Dudin, and S. N. Saifieva. "Problems and Prospects of Development of Microfinance Organizations in the Russian Federation." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-3-96-111.
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Intensive development of microfinance organizations in Russia has a double meaning. On the one hand, they are claimed by the population; on the other hand, the state control over their activities is difficult. The study reveals the nature, problems and prospects of development of microfinance organizations in Russia. The aim of the authors is to determine the nature of the controversial development of the financial market segment and suggest mechanisms that can resolve these contradictions. The study used a systematic approach and statistical methods. The authors analyzed analytical and statistical information of the Bank of Russia. The lack of adequate mechanisms for the state regulation and control over the activities of microfinance organizations the state is due to the gaps in the legislative framework. This was the reason for the increase in the share of overdue debts, the high debt load of the population, the intensification of collectors, the increase in lawsuits. The actions are proposed for increasing transparency of microfinance transactions without increasing the administrative burden on regulatory authorities. Among them are: attracting private investorslenders to microfinance activities with the development of Internet infrastructure, creating a special online platform to register microloan transactions between individuals and / or legal entities in real time with recording them in the Bank of Russia and in tax services. It is also necessary to amend the legislation on microfinance activity. This sequence of actions will lead to a reduction in the informal sector in the microfinance segment and in the financial market of the Russian Federation as a whole. The proposals made in the article can be used to develop the anti-crisis program of the Government of the Russian Federation in this area.
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Volkov, Anatoly A. "Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on the Development of the Home Mortgage Lending Market: The Case of the Vologda Region." REGIONOLOGY 29, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.114.029.202101.037-059.
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Introduction. Mortgage lending plays an important role both for the banking system and for the country’s economy as a whole. In addition to the main function of providing people with comfortable housing, mortgage system development stimulates various areas of the country's economy and creates conditions conducive for investment. The purpose of the paper is to single out the factors that have a negative impact on the home mortgage lending market on the basis of the case study of the Vologda Region. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the statistical database of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, data from an integrated housing development institution DOM.RF and the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Vologda Region, as well as the Numbeo database ratings. Methods of comparison and observation, analysis and synthesis were used to study the statistics of the main indicators of the home mortgage lending market. Results. The main factors influencing the home mortgage lending market have been identified: high loan interest rates, low wages (insolvency of the client), an increase in overdue debts, high prices in the housing market, etc. The author has put forward recommendations for the development of the home mortgage lending market. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study has shown that the mortgage market in the Vologda Region has considerable growth potential and that credit institutions should work more carefully with clients, which will help to reduce overdue debts. The research materials may be useful to researchers exploring the economic issue under consideration, as well as to commercial banks, regional and local authorities that can contribute to the development of mortgage lending.
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Selivanova, M., and Yu Il’yinykh. "Problems of the Debt Load of the Population of Russia and the Altay Kray." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 14, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/1999-9836-2018-10039.
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The Object of the Study. Organizational and economic relations arising between commercial banks and individuals in the process of crediting.The Subject of the Study. Crediting the population of Russia.The Purpose of the Study. Studying the problem of crediting the population of Russia and the inhabitants of the Altay Kray.The Main Provisions of the Article. The authors have analyzed the credit indebtedness of individuals both in Russia as a whole and in the Siberian Federal Okrug, the volume and share of overdue debt of citizens in particular. Particular attention in the study has been paid to the level of credit burden of the population of Russia and the Altay Kray, the reasons for the crediting of the population of the Altay Territory were investigated. The article gives an assessment of the consequences of population crediting, analyzing the changes in per capita cash income of the population, the average monthly nominal wage of citizens of the Altay Okrug is given. To solve the problems associated with crediting the population, measures such as increasing the financial literacy of the population and improving the living standards of the citizens has been proposed.
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Ramzaeva, E. P., and O. V. Kravchenko. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE SECTOR OF RETAIL LENDING OF RUSSIAN BANKS DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD OF 2020." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 2 (2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2021-2-41-46.
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Lending to the population is an essential part of the country’s economic system, its development in the global financial market. Due to the steady downward trend in economic growth and real incomes of the population, the spread of the coronavirus pandemic in the Russian Federation in 2020, the issue of fulfillment by the borrowers their obligations to banks became relevant. Many consumers of credit services were unable to fulfill their obligations in full and in due time, which led commercial banks to the most significant risk – credit one. The study considers the main aspects of the functioning of the Russian consumer lending market in the context of the lockdown of the global economy, analyzes the factors, which determined both the growth and contraction of the market under the pandemic influence. The study assessed the dynamic changes in key indicators determining the state of this economic sector in 2020. The authors analyzed the dynamics of granting retail credits and the dynamics of overdue debt. The paper considered the level of the debt burden of the population and the indicators of personal credit rating of borrowers – the main factors influencing the favorable decision on loan granting. Based on the study results, the authors conclude that the pandemic period did not cause severe damage to the retail lending sector. As the main trends of the current year, the study highlights toughening of the requirements on the part of commercial banks to borrowers, an increase in interest rates on credit products, and the improvement of payment discipline in the regions.
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Pechenskaya-Polishchuk, M. A., and A. A. Volkov. "Trends of Regional Banking System Develoment (Illustrated by entities of the North-West Federal Area)." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 18, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-1-47-58.
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The article studies the lines in the development of banking system in regions of the North-West Federal Area. By analyzing the banking system on the regional level within the period being researched the authors identified such key trends as a decline in the number of regional banks, a growth in the total profit of the banking system in the federal area, a rise in the volume of credits granted to individuals, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, a drop in credits given to entities of small and medium entrepreneurship, a cut in interest rates of credits to legal entities and a sharp increase in overdue debt under credit on mortgage. On the basis of the analysis the key figures of the banking system on the regional level (illustrated by regions of the North-West federal area) the authors identified negative and positive trends, which allowed them to substantiate the key lines in the development of regional banking system. The principle findings of the research can be useful for management of regional banks and state authorities. Such methods as comparative analysis, longitude, synthesis, system analysis and economic-statistic methods were used in the research.
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Novikov, O., and N. Kozlov. "Growing Household Credit Load Through the Prism of Social Perception, Credit, and Political Attitudes of Russians." Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, no. 4 (March 2, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-4-19-32.
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The year 2020 demonstrates another surge of civil non-conventional activism in the world due to the epidemiological situation and related government restrictive measures. in Russia, at the background of the “Corona-crisis” and falling real incomes, retail lending to households continues to proliferate, along with an increase in their overdue debt. The deteriorating economic well-being of Russians raises questions about the possibility of an increase in political protest behaviour of citizens and how much their readiness for it is affected by the deteriorating financial situation due to difficulties in paying off their loan obligations. The authors used the methods of cybermetric analysis and mass survey, examines the perception of the credit problem by Russians, their assessment of its causes and “culprits” (the state, banks and borrowers themselves). The paper also notes some trends of mutual conditionality at the individual level of credit attitudes of Russians, their financial prosperity and readiness to participate in various forms of pro-government and opposition political activity. The authors conclude that the most common conservative model of credit behaviour among Russians contributes to the latent deterioration of the subjective well-being of borrowers that not always leading to a decrease in credit payments. It, in turn, leads to a desire to share responsibility for these difficulties with creditors and the state and, probably, increases the readiness for protest activism.
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Flynn, Michael. "A debt long overdue." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/057004011.
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Flynn, Michael. "A debt long overdue." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 4 (July 2001): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2001.11460473.
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KIZYMA, Tetiana. "CREDIT BEHAVIOR OF HOUSEHOLDS: STRUCTURAL AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(58) (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.007.
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Introduction. Under modern conditions, Ukrainian households are increasingly trying to follow Western models of financial behavior, in which, due to stable laws and monetary-financial system, citizens demonstrate active credit behavior. At the same time, it should be noted that during the recent years the number of users of bank loans in Ukraine, who have overdue debts, has increased rapidly, that cause concern among domestic scientists and practitioners. Purposeof the research is to analyses the modern trends in households’ credit behavior in Ukraine and development of proposals for its rationalization under the current circumstances. Results. Under modern conditions, each household forms its own model of credit behavior, taking into account certain factors, established traditions and beliefs regarding the appropriateness of borrowing funds. However, an important feature of credit dependence of our nationals is still lack of critical analysis of their own financial capabilities due to their inability to resist the natural desire of a person to “live now” and “live well”. The study showed that over the past ten years, from 8% to 16% of the adult population of Ukraine took credits in the banks. Moreover, the Western region is the leader in bank borrowings (with the exception of credit cards), while Kyiv, the North and the East show a higher level of credit card loans. Kyiv and the East are also characterized by higher demand for pawnshops. The Centre is the only region with relatively more frequent use of services of other financial institutions. Also, the practice of providing (obtaining) of so-called non-institutional credits is common among Ukrainian households, when citizens are not only borrowers but also creditors (that is, situations when relatives, friends, acquaintances are borrowing money). Conclusions. Under the context of current financial crisis in Ukraine, the role of the state, local governments, institutions and individuals in rationalizing households’ lending behavior is significantly increasing. Therefore, in our opinion, preventive measures in this sphere should be carried out at the following levels: state, local, banking and financial-credit system, and personally-individual. At the same time, it should be emphasized that these measures will be implemented only if the state provides clear legal regulation of the credit process and establishes trust relations with the population, which will help to minimize the moral and material losses of households and institutional subjects of credit activity.
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Kozelskaya, I. N. "The Development of Market Infrastructure in Today’s Russia." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-3-24-31.
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The article deals with specific features of market infrastructure development inRussiafor the last five years, including credit and insurance organizations, investment and non-governmental pension funds and retail trade. Market infrastructure formed inRussiain general can provide civilized servicing of market relations, however, the level of development of intermediate institutions is different. The operation of finance and trade intermediaries in today’sRussiais affected both by negative and positive internal and external factors. The most serious impact in the current situation is exerted by COVID-19 pandemic and the slump in global economy caused by it. Intensification of pro-inflation factors forms certain threats for the development of Russian finance market, therefore, it is important to take timely steps aimed at cutting overdue debts of the population and preventing the mortgage bubble forming. The article shows new trends in the development of market infrastructure institutions. By analyzing dynamics of their development it became clear that spreading of corona-virus infection deteriorated figures of their operation, however the accumulated previously safety factor gave them an opportunity to restore their market share and possibilities for further growth. Steps taken by the Bank of Russia and the Government of theRussian Federationaimed at overcoming the adverse consequences of the pandemic and shaping civilized relations on finance and commodity markets provide positive results. It is necessary to strengthen incentives for promising lines in the market infrastructure development, including introduction of digital technologies, extension of on-line trade, which could give certain advantages in the process of economy restoration. Findings of the research can be used by bodies of state power in the process of working-out strategy of developing institutions of market infrastructure and upgrading regulatory tools.
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Heradhyaksa, Bagas. "The Jurisdiction of Sharia Supervisory Board in Indonesia Sharia Capital Market." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i9.16591.
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AbstractThe capital market is an institution that brings together those who need funds, to develop their business, and those who are excess funds, to make investments. Unlike the concept of financing in banks, the capital market uses the concept of buying and selling shares. So that it can be a solution for a company that wants to develop its business without using debt. Investors can also get profits that are higher than the profits from bank deposits. Thus, the capital market is growing in the middle of society. However, there are some activities in the capital market that are contrary to Islamic principles. Therefore, the Islamic capital market emerged. To oversee activities in the Islamic capital market, the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board is needed. The objective of this article is to find out the jurisdiction governing the Sharia Supervisory Board in the Islamic capital market in Indonesia. The methodology used is qualitative research. The data used in this study is library data. This study found that the existence of the Sharia Supervisory Board already has a legal basis based on the Indonesian Financial Services Authority Regulation. However, there are no specific laws governing the Islamic capital market. So it is necessary to make a special law that accommodates all aspects of sharia in the Islamic capital market, specifically with regard to the Sharia Supervisory Board.Keywords: Capital Market, Sharia Capital Market, Sharia Supervisory Board, Jurisdiction, Indonesia. AbstrakPasar modal adalah lembaga yang mempertemukan mereka yang membutuhkan dana, untuk mengembangkan usahanya, dan mereka yang memiliki kelebihan dana, untuk melakukan investasi. Berbeda dengan konsep pembiayaan di bank, pasar modal menggunakan konsep jual beli saham. Sehingga dapat menjadi solusi bagi perusahaan yang ingin mengembangkan usahanya tanpa menggunakan hutang. Investor juga bisa mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dari keuntungan dari deposito bank. Dengan demikian, pasar modal tumbuh di tengah masyarakat. Namun, ada beberapa aktivitas di pasar modal yang bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah. Oleh karena itu, pasar modal syariah muncul. Untuk mengawal aktivitas di pasar modal syariah, diperlukan peran dari Dewan Pengawas Syariah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui yurisdiksi yang mengatur Dewan Pengawas Syariah di pasar modal syariah di Indonesia. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data perpustakaan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa keberadaan Dewan Pengawas Syariah sudah memiliki dasar hukum berdasarkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Namun, tidak ada undang-undang khusus yang mengatur pasar modal syariah. Sehingga perlu dibuat undang-undang khusus yang mengakomodir semua aspek syariah di pasar modal syariah, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Dewan Pengawas Syariah.Kata Kunci: Pasar Modal, Pasar Modal Syariah, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Yurisdiksi, Indonesia
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Drobiazko, Anatoliy. "MARKET TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF UKRAINE: A VIEW THROUGH THE PRISM OF "NON-ECONOMIC" POLICY." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.085.
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The author analyzes the processes occurring in the banking sector of Ukraine from the standpoint of "non-economic" policy, the theory of which is currently being discussed in modern economics. According to the author, the impact of such a policy does not allow Ukraine to find the optimal strategy for its development, in particular regarding the regulation in the banking sector. One of the reasons for this is the shortage of public administration, which is generally characteristic of countries with economies in transition. It is proved that the NBU's "settlement" of the banking market after 2014 was extremely unsuccessful from an economic point of view. Quantitative estimates of losses suffered by the Ukrainian economy as a result of the campaign to clean up the banking sector during 2014-2016 are presented and analyzed. Through the prism of the typology of "non-economic" policy, the author considers the processes of demonetization of Ukraine's economy and current problems of the national stock market. It is determined that during the reforms in the banking sector, the adoption by the ruling elite, as well as the by the judiciary, of a series of uncalculated and unconsidered decisions poorly consistent with Ukraine’s specific features led to destructive consequences, which affect the long-term development of the country's economy. In addition to economic losses (more than 10 billion USD) and the planting of a ticking bomb under the future lending, the "bankfall" brought about social damage, which is the loss, by the most active segment of the population, of the confidence in the economic strategy proposed by government officials. In recent years, after the crisis of 2014, no banking institutions have been registered, while the number of banks’ separate branches is rapidly declining, along with the corresponding number of jobs. The author concludes that the current practice of selling liquidation assets of bankrupt banks will have a long-term negative effect, because it benefited bad creditors who bought their overdue debt at a discount through third parties, while the most active part of the population (depositors "200+" and small and medium businesses) suffered losses and lost confidence in banks. It is noted that the main reason for Ukraine to choose the "non-economic" policy is the separation of the management decisions from real socio-economic needs. As a result, the economic decisions initiated in this area not only cause material damage, but also hinder this country’s civilizational advancement
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Anatoliy, Drobiazko. "Market transformations in the banking sector of Ukraine: a view through the prism of "non-economic" policy." Economy and forecasting 2021, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2021.02.074.
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The author analyzes the processes occurring in the banking sector of Ukraine from the standpoint of "non-economic" policy, the theory of which is currently being discussed in modern economics. According to the author, the impact of such a policy does not allow Ukraine to find the optimal strategy for its development, in particular regarding the regulation in the banking sector. One of the reasons for this is the shortage of public administration, which is generally characteristic of countries with economies in transition. It is proved that the NBU's "settlement" of the banking market after 2014 was extremely unsuccessful from an economic point of view. Quantitative estimates of losses suffered by the Ukrainian economy as a result of the campaign to clean up the banking sector during 2014-2016 are presented and analyzed. Through the prism of the typology of "non-economic" policy, the author considers the processes of demonetization of Ukraine's economy and current problems of the national stock market. It is determined that during the reforms in the banking sector, the adoption by the ruling elite, as well as the by the judiciary, of a series of uncalculated and unconsidered decisions poorly consistent with Ukraine’s specific features led to destructive consequences, which affect the long-term development of the country's economy. In addition to economic losses (more than 10 billion USD) and the planting of a ticking bomb under the future lending, the "bankfall" brought about social damage, which is the loss, by the most active segment of the population, of the confidence in the economic strategy proposed by government officials. In recent years, after the crisis of 2014, no banking institutions have been registered, while the number of banks’ separate branches is rapidly declining, along with the corresponding number of jobs. The author concludes that the current practice of selling liquidation assets of bankrupt banks will have a long-term negative effect, because it benefited bad creditors who bought their overdue debt at a discount through third parties, while the most active part of the population (depositors "200+" and small and medium businesses) suffered losses and lost confidence in banks. It is noted that the main reason for Ukraine to choose the "non-economic" policy is the separation of the management decisions from real socio-economic needs. As a result, the economic decisions initiated in this area not only cause material damage, but also hinder this country’s civilizational advancement.
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Моiseeva, Darya V., and Nadezhda V. Dulina. "Financial Behavior of the Population of the Republic of Kalmykia: An Economic and Statistical Analysis." REGIONOLOGY 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.107.027.201903.534-553.
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Introduction. The large-scale work to improve the financial literacy of the population of Russia, initiated by the leadership of the country in 2011, has enhanced the developments aimed at studying the peculiarities of the financial behavior of the population of individual regions. The purpose of the study is to resolve the contradiction between the irrational financial behavior of people living in the Republic of Kalmykia, described by scientists and journalists, and the results of a nationwide sociological study, according to which Kalmykia is among the regions with a high level of financial literacy. Materials and Methods. The results of the nationwide sociological study ‘Financial Literacy Ranking of the Regions of Russia 2018’ and the official statistics from the websites of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bank of Russia formed the information base of the conducted study. In terms of methods, tools for time series analysis were used. Results. A detailed analysis of the statistical data describing the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been performed, namely: per capita income of the population, the volume of loans granted to individuals, the share of overdue loans and the volume of deposits made by individuals. A negative ratio has been revealed between the value of loans provided to individuals in the region and the volume of deposits made by them. A conclusion has been drawn that it is necessary to study the reasons for such irrational financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia and to develop effective measures to improve financial literacy. Discussion and Conclusion. The irrationality of the financial behavior of the population of the Republic of Kalmykia has been objectively confirmed by the dynamics of statistical indicators characterizing the levels of the loan debts and savings. At the same time, an analysis of financial literacy ranking results has shown that the Republic of Kalmykia received a high ranking due to a higher level of use of the Internet banking services and plastic cards, however, a low level of savings activity and a high level of trust in banks in the Republic of Kalmykia have also been confirmed. The results obtained can be used in the development of financial education programs for residents of various regions with similar problems.
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Sarunova, M. P., T. V. Burlutkin, and T. Z. Sandzhieva. "Analysis of the organizations accounts payable of the Kalmykia Republic." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-351-357.
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The article shows the organizationsaccounts payableof the Republic of Kalmykia as one of the most important elements of financial analysis as a separate organization, industry and the whole region. The dynamic changes in accounts payable on the basis of statistical datawere analyzed. It was revealed that the vast majority of overdue accounts payable was formed in housing and communal services. We carried outthe structural analysis of overdue debt composition and revealed the ways of its control. In order to identify the most "vulnerable" areas of economic activity from non-payment, the share of overdue debt to the total amount of debt by industry was considered. To assess the timeliness of payments of enterprises on obligations and the quality of accounts payable, we performed the analysis of the share of overdue accounts payable in its total volume. On thatbasiswe found out the approaches to optimizing the management of accounts payable, leading to the growth of financial results and further development of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia. To analyze financial stability, it is important to consider not only the status of accounts payable, but also the ratio of accounts receivable to accounts payable. The analysis showed that the proportion is irrational; it is obvious that companies have attracted significant borrowed resources, but currently use of them in their current activitiesinefficient. The article concludes that the financial situation of enterprises and organizations of the region is extremely unstable when there is an annual growth of accounts payable and accounts receivable. In order to stabilize the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of the Republic of Kalmykia, improve their solvency and strengthen the settlement and payment discipline we explored the possibility of restructuring of accounts payable, which requires an analysis of each creditor separately, including all components of the debt-principal amount, interest and penalties.
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Хамитхан, Н., Н. В. Кабашева, N. Khamithan, and N. Kabashеva. "Topical issues of building a "strong banking system" in interbank competition: analysis and e." Вестник Казахского университета экономики, финансов и международной торговли, no. 3(40) (September 25, 2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52260/2304-7216.2020.3(40).16.
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Мақалада банк секторының бәсекеге қабілеттілігін және қаржылық тұрақтылығын арттыру мақсатында қажетті талаптарға сәйкес болмауын анықтау мәселесі туындап отыр. Сол себебті, ҚР банк секторы сапалы өнім ұсыну мен қызмет көрсету мақсатында бәсекеге қабілеттілікте «күшті банк жүйесін» құрудағы қаржылық инновациялардың өзгерістерін бағалау үшін Д. Синки "ФОКУС" («ҚАККТ») тұжырымдамасына сүйене отырыпбанк активтерін басқару сапасын арттыру қажеттілігі туындады. Банк активтерін басқару сапасы активтердің өтімділігімен (кредит портфелінің сапасына) тікелей байланысты. Зерттеу объектісі ретінде банк секторының белсенді қызметі таңдалды. Осы зерттеулерді жүргізе отырып, банк секторының кредит портфелінің сапасының құрылымына, заңды және жеке тұлғалардың кредит портфелінің сапасының құрылымына талдау жүргізі отырып, проблемалық несиелердің әр жыл сайынға жағдайына баға берілді. Сондықтан, 90 күннен астам мерзімі өткен берешегі бар қарыздарды ХҚЕС бойынша провизиялармен жабу коэффициентін анықтаумен байланысты болғандықтан мемлекеттің қаржылай қолдаумен проблемалық несиелерді стандартты несиелермен алмастыруға мүмкіндік бере отырып проблемалық несиелерді есептен шығарылғаны атап көрсетілді. Соның ішінде, заңды және жеке тұлғалардың күмәнді және үмітсіз несиелер көлемі талдау арқылы салыстырмалы түрде бағаланып қорытынды берілді. The article raises the problem of determining non-compliance with the requirements necessary to improve the competitiveness and financial stability of the banking sector.In this regard, in order to assess changes in financial innovations in building a "strong banking system" in the competitiveness of the banking sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to provide quality products and services, it became necessary to improve the quality of asset management of the Bank, based on the concept of D. Sinki "FOCUS".The quality of the Bank's asset management is directly related to the liquidity of assets (the quality of the loan portfolio).Activities of the banking sector was selected as the object of the study.After conducting these studies, analyzing the quality structure of the credit portfolio of the banking sector and the quality structure of the credit portfolio of legal entities and individuals, an assessment of each annual state of problem loans is given.Therefore, due to the determination of the provision coverage ratio under IFRS for loans with overdue debts of more than 90 days, with the financial support of the state, problem loans were written off, allowing to replace them with standard loans.In particular, the volume of doubtful and bad loans to legal entities and individuals was analyzed and conclusions were given.
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Белобабченко, Марина, and Marina Belobabchenko. "Problems of Debt Collection Legal Regulation." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21987.
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The subject of this article is the regulations adopted on 21 June 2016 State Duma of the Russian Federation and entered into force on 3 July 2016 the Federal law No. 230-FZ “On Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Individuals with the Implementation of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law “On Microfinance Performance and Microfinance Organizations”. The author analyzes the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework governing the activities of organizations to collect overdue debts of individuals. It should be stated that the existing rules do not ensure protection of the rights and interests of individuals in arrears on consumer loans from illegal actions of collectors and at the same time do not regulate the legal framework within which collectors must perform. The current regulatory framework does not provide the balance of the interests of debtors and collection agencies. All these led to the need for a special law to regulate the activities of collection agencies. The adopted Law sets the mandatory state registration of organizations whose primary activity is the collection of debts. It defines the requirements both to the organization (in terms of charter capital and the order of formation) and to its employees when they undertake activities on debt collection. The law has a number of controversial provisions, which are considered by the author of the article; however, in whole a positive evaluation is given.
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Dubov, Egor. "A comparative study of countering crimes in the sphere of debt collection in the Russian Federation and Romano-Germanic legal family countries." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-1-98-105.
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Relevance: In our country, the activity for the return of overdue debts has a faulty reputation and is not sufficiently developed professionally. Violent debt collection crimes are increasingly discussed in the media. Only in 2016, Russia adopted a special law on the regulation of the so-called «collection» organizations. Despite the fact that there have been fewer high-profile crimes in the field of debt collection, these relations need further regulation.
Problem: Due to the fact that the market of «collection» services in our country is quite young, the author sees the need for a comparative study on legislative regulation and combating crime in the area under study using the example of Russia and two leading European countries.
Purpose: The study of methods of counteracting criminal acts in the field of debt recovery, used by representatives of the Romano-Germanic legal family, has not been previously conducted. In this regard, the author aims to analyze the legislation of the leading European countries - Germany and France in the aspect of combating illegal ways of collecting overdue debts.
Methods: comparative legal, analysis, dialectics, analogy.
Conclusions: 1. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to improve the professional activity of debt recovery in the Russian state, it is necessary to pay special attention to better training of personnel. 2. One of the author’s proposals is the idea of securing at the legislative level the obligatory entry of a “collection” organization into the professional community, represented by a special association. 3. A large number of illegal methods used by illegal debt collectors are associated with such a phenomenon as «stalking». In this regard, various approaches to the criminal legal counteraction to stalking in the criminal legislation of the considered countries can be useful in formulating proposals for improving domestic criminal legislation in the direction of stabilizing relations in the field of overdue debt recovery.
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Semenova, Maryna. "Current innovative issues of legal regulation of collection activities." Law and innovations, no. 4 (36) (December 15, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2021-4(36)-18.
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Problem setting. At the present stage of development of the national legal system there are a number of conflicting issues and gaps in the legal regulation of collection companies. Prior to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts" the current legislation did not contain clear rules of conduct either for entities engaged in collection activities or mandatory uniform requirements to the ethical conduct and rules of interaction of such persons with the debtor in the settlement of overdue debt. This necessitates a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the legal regulation of economic activity of collectors, which is the purpose of this study. The object of the study is the legal relationship between entities engaged in collection activities and debtors. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Problems of legal regulation of collection activities in Ukraine and determining the nature of financial companies and the specifics of their activities have attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. So M. V. Fedik was engaged in research of this question at different times. [1, p. 107], S. B. Egoricheva [2, p. 117-119], M. I. Dancha [3, p. 52-55], N. V. Mentukh, O. R. Shevchuk [4, p. 58-62], A. G. Zaika [5, p. 169-176], O O. Savchuk, S. V Glibko [6, p. 132-137]. At the same time, the issue of settling the procedure for repaying bad debts by collectors by introducing clear legal rules for their activities and ensuring compliance with the rights of debtors requires further research. The target of research is to determine the changes in the state of collection entities during the settlement of overdue debt, which was proposed by the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts". Article’s main body. For the first time a comprehensive analysis of the activities of collectors before the adoption of the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors in Settlement of Overdue Debts" and prospects of their activities. On the basis of which conclusions were made on the prospects for the implementation of the law. The research is devoted to the analysis of the state of activity of collectors and changes in the legal settlement of legal relations arising during the settlement of overdue debt, which were introduced by the Law of Ukraine № 1349-IX "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Protection of Debtors debt ". Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, in general, a systematic analysis of Law № 1349-IX allows us to conclude that its provisions contain innovative provisions on the legal regulation of business activities of collection companies, which will have positive consequences for settling overdue debts and protect the rights of debtors.
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Denis, David J., and Vassil T. Mihov. "The choice among bank debt, non-bank private debt, and public debt: evidence from new corporate borrowings." Journal of Financial Economics 70, no. 1 (October 2003): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00140-5.
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Ribnikar, Ivan. "Investment, bank debt, and bank rehabilitation in Slovenia." MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies 4, no. 3 (1994): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00993832.
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Andrabi, Tahir, and Andrea Ripa Di Meana. "Bank Regulation and Debt Overhang." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 26, no. 3 (August 1994): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078012.
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van Bekkum, Sjoerd. "Inside Debt and Bank Risk." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, no. 2 (April 2016): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000168.
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AbstractInside debt compensation held by top officers of U.S. banks is negatively related to risk and risk taking. The evidence reveals a robust and strongly negative relation between end-of-2006 inside debt and 2007–2009 bank-specific risk exposures in terms of lost stock market value, volatility, tail risk, and the probability of financial distress. Banks with managers having large inside debt holdings are also characterized by better-quality assets, more conservative balance sheet management, and a stronger tendency toward traditional banking activities. The results suggest that debt-based compensation limits bank risk and risk taking by encouraging more conservative decision making.
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Wilson, Linus. "Debt overhang and bank bailouts." International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance 5, no. 4 (2012): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmef.2012.052512.
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Dhiensiri, Nont, Xiaohong (, N. A. Sara), and N. A. Wang. "Bank debt and financial flexibility." International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance 7, no. 4 (2014): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmef.2014.067718.
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Ivashina, Victoria, Vinay B. Nair, Anthony Saunders, Nadia Massoud, and Roger Stover. "Bank Debt and Corporate Governance." Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 1 (June 19, 2008): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn063.
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Schich, Sebastian, and Sofia Lindh. "Implicit guarantees for bank debt." OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends 2012, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/fmt-2012-5k91hbvfkm9v.
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한중호. "CEO Inside Debt and Costs of Bank Debt Financing." Seoul Journal of Business 17, no. 2 (December 2011): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35152/snusjb.2011.17.2.005.
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Novoseletskyy, Oleksandr. "MODELLING OF THE BANK’S CLIENTS’ BEHAVIOR IN CASE OF OVERDUE DEBT." European Journal of Economics and Management 6, no. 6 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46340/eujem.2020.6.6.12.
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Kondratiuk, V. V. "NOWELLAS OF LEGISLATION ON CONSUMER PROTECTION IN SETTLEMENT OF OVERDUE DEBT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 7 (2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-7/17.
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Emmanuel, Obademi Olalekan. "A Macro Analysis of Bank Performance in Debt-Burdened Countries: The Case of Nigeria." American Journal of Business and Management 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/216796061706284.
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In this study the focus is on the long-run relationship and impact of public debt on banking industry performance i.e. a macro-analysis in Nigeria using different performance indices such as total bank lending, total bank deposit and total bank branches between the period1975-2005. A general macro model underpinned by a simultaneous equation using a vector auto-regression estimation approach was done with the objective of sensitising countries on the need for caution on public debt. The findings are that public debt impacts negatively on bank performance but the extent of impact is different on the variables chosen in this study. The analysis carried out show that domestic debt impacts most negatively on total bank lending while external debt impacts most negatively on total bank deposit. It is believed that though domestic debt can be used as an instrument of economic stabilization, nonetheless, in the choice of whether to use domestic debt or external debt it may be more expedient to use external debt based on the outcome of this study though it should be stated that in doing that still, adequate care must be taken to maintain an acceptable Debt/GDP ratio needed for debt sustainability.
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ALTMAN, EDWARD I., AMAR GANDE, and ANTHONY SAUNDERS. "Bank Debt versus Bond Debt: Evidence from Secondary Market Prices." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 42, no. 4 (June 2010): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2010.00306.x.
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