Journal articles on the topic 'Over cropping'
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Ahmed, S., AFMR Quddus, M. Mohiuddin, MR Islam, and MA Hossain. "Performance of lentil-mungbean-T.aus rice-T.aman rice against existing cropping pattern lentil-jute-T.aman rice in Faridpur region." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v44i3.43484.
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A trial was conducted in the farmers’ field at Farming Systems Research and Development (FSRD) site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to develop an alternate cropping pattern over existing cropping pattern for increasing cropping intensity, total productivity as well as farmers’ income. The alternate cropping pattern Lentil (var. BARI Masur-7)- Mungbean (var. BARI Mung- 6)- T. Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48)- T.Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan62) was tested against the existing cropping pattern Lentil (var. Local)- Jute (var. JRO 524)- T.Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan33). All the four crops in the AP were grown successfully within stipulated time frame following recommended practices. Crop duration and turn around time in alternate cropping pattern were 340 days and 25 days while that in existing cropping pattern were 313 days and 52 days, respectively. Cropping intensity increased from 300% (in existing pattern) to 400% in the alternate cropping pattern. Two years results showed that, average yield of T.Aus rice, T.Aman rice, Lentil and Mungbean in the alternate cropping pattern were 3.75, 4.17, 1.31 and 0.80 t ha-1, respectively. The rice equivalent yield and production efficiency was increased by 18 and 35%, respectively over existing pattern. The gross margin of the whole alternate cropping pattern was Tk.106304 ha-1whereas Tk. 75480 ha-1from existing cropping pattern. The alternate pattern provided 41% higher gross margin over existing cropping pattern. The MBCR was 4.86 over existing cropping pattern.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 537-552, September 2019
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Saha, A., M. Nasim, M. Harunur Rashid, and SM Shahidullah. "Crop Diversity and Cropping Patterns of Comilla Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38198.
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Comilla region is highly diverse in respect to topography, agro-ecology, land-use pattern and cropping systems. Planning of agricultural development largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to our policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 33 upazilas of Comilla region during 2016 using pre-tested semistructured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity. From the present study it was observed that 73.56% of net cropped area (NCA) is covered by exclusive rice cropping systems whereas deep water rice cropping system occupied 16.09% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern single Boro alone occupied 26.18% of NCA with its distribution over 30 out of 33 upazilas. The second largest area, 19.93% of NCA, was covered by Boro−Fallow−T. Aman cropping pattern, which was spread over 25 upazilas. One hundred and forty-six cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under this investigation. The highest, 36 cropping patterns were identified in Debidwar upazila of Comilla district and the lowest, seven were in Akhura and Ashuganj of B.Baria and Comilla Adarsha upazila. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.481 in Comilla Adrasha upazila followed by 0.637 in Hajiganj of Chandpur. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.964 in Haimchar of Chandpur followed by 0.956 in Muradnagar of Comilla. The range of cropping intensity (CI) value was recorded 126-292%. The maximum value was for Barura of Comilla and minimum for Hajiganj of Chandpur district. The grand mean of CDI values for Comilla region was calculated 0.935 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 192%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 91-107
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JACQUES, S., R. K. BACON, and L. D. PARSCH. "COMPARISON OF SINGLE CROPPING, RELAY CROPPING AND DOUBLE CROPPING OF SOYABEANS WITH WHEAT USING CULTIVAR BLENDS." Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (October 1997): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479797004043.
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Comparisons of single cropping, double cropping and relay cropping of soyabeans (Glycine max) with wheat (Triticum aestivum) were made at two sites in Arkansas over a two-year period. The comparisons were made using both soyabean blends and their component cultivars. In relay cropping the yields of pure lines of soyabeans were reduced by 17% compared with single-cropped soyabeans, but the yield of wheat in relay cropping was 15% less than in double cropping. Double cropping reduced the branch number, plant height, node number and leaf area of soyabeans compared with single cropping, but relay cropping reduced only node number and leaf area. Both double cropping and relay cropping gave greater land equivalent ratio (LER) values than single cropping, and double cropping gave greater LER values than relay cropping. Net returns were lowest with single cropping and greatest with double cropping. Soyabean blends gave yields similar to the mean of the component genotypes in all three cropping systems, and the net returns of blends were similar to those of the means of component genotypes.
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Mostafizur, ABM, MAU Zaman, M. Shahidullah, and M. Nasim. "Diversity of Cropping Patterns and Land Use Practices in Faridpur Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38203.
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The development of agriculture sector largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 29 upazilas of Faridpur region during 2015-16 using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of this area. From the present study it was observed that about 43.23% net cropped area (NCA) was covered by only jute based cropping patterns on the other hand deep water ecosystem occupied about 36.72% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow− Fallow occupied about 24.40% of NCA with its distribution over 28 out of 29. The second largest area, 6.94% of NCA, was covered by Boro-B. Aman cropping pattern, which was spread out over 23 upazilas. In total 141 cropping patterns were identified under this investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 44 in Faridpur sadar and the lowest was 12 in Kashiani of Gopalganj and Pangsa of Rajbari. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.448 in Kotalipara followed by 0.606 in Tungipara of Gopalganj. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.981 in Faridpur sadar followed by 0.977 in Madhukhali of Faridpur. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 113- 262%. The maximum value was for Saltha of Faridpur and minimum for Kotalipara of Gopalganj. As a whole the CDI of Faridpur region was calculated 0.971 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 197%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 157-172
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Sagar, Sandip. "Change in Cropping Pattern In Nalanda District." Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & Mass Communication 07, no. 01 (June 15, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3810.202003.
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Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. The adoption of crops in any area can be understood by the physical characteristics and the socio-economic conditions of the people in the concerned area. Cropping pattern can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatil arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping is determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology and so does in Nalanda District of Bihar.
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Parvin, N., A. Khatun, MK Quais, and M. Nasim. "Cropping Pattern, Intensity and Diversity in Dhaka Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38200.
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Sustainable crop production in Bangladesh through improvement of cropping intensity and crop diversity in rice based cropping system is regarded as increasingly important in national issues. Planning of agricultural development largely depends on the authentic, reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to our policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 46 upazilas of Dhaka agricultural region in 2015 using pretested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. From the present study, it was observed that about 48.27% net cropped area (NCA) is covered by exclusive rice cropping systems whereas deep water rice occupied about 16.57% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman alone occupied about 22.59% of net cropped area (NCA) with its distribution over 32 upazilas out of 46. The second largest area was covered by single Boro cropping pattern, which was spread over 44 upazilas. Total number of cropping patterns was observed 164. The highest number of cropping pattern was identified 35 in Tangail sadar and Dhamrai upazila of Dhaka district and the lowest was seven in Bandar of Narayanganj and Palash of Narsingdi district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported as 0.70 in Dhamrai followed by 0.72 in Monohardi of Narsingdi. The highest value of CDI was observed as 0.97 in Tangail sadar followed by 0.95 in Dhamrai of Dhaka and Bhuanpur of Tangail. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 124-239%. The maximum CDI was observed in Saturia upazila of Manikganj district and minimum in Sreenagar upazila of Munsiganj district. The CDI value for Dhaka region was calculated 0.94 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 191%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 123-141
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Shahidullah, SM, M. Nasim, MK Quais, and A. Saha. "Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38199.
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The study was conducted over all 42 upazilas of Chittagong region during 2016 using pre-tested semistructured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman occupied about 23% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution over 38 upazilas out 42. The second largest area, 19% of NCA, was covered by single T. Aman, which was spread out over 32 upazilas. A total of 93 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under the present investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was 28 in Naokhali sadar and the lowest was 4 in Begumganj of the same district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was observed 0.135 in Chatkhil followed by 0.269 in Begumganj. The highest value of CDI was observed in Banshkhali, Chittagong and Noakhali sadar (around 0.95). The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 103−283%. The maximum value was for Kamalnagar upazila of Lakshmipur district and minimum for Chatkhil upazila of Noakhali district. As a whole the CDI of Chittagong region was 0.952 and the average cropping intensity at the regional level was 191%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 109-122
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Ibrahim, M., MAU Zaman, ABM Mostafizur, and SM Shahidullah. "Diversity of Crops and Land Use Pattern in Barisal Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38196.
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Development workers, researchers and extensionists always need a comprehensive understanding and a reliable database on existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area for the planning of future research and development. With this view, a survey-work was implemented over all the upazilas of Barisal region during 2016. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used as tool to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of the area. In the current investigation, 103 cropping patterns were identified. The highest number of cropping patterns 40 was found in Burhanuddin upazila of Bhola district and the lowest eight was in Betagi and Taltali of Barguna. The most dominant cropping pattern single T. Aman occupied 13.40% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution over 33 upazilas out of 42. The second largest area, 10.44% of NCA, was covered by Boro−Fallow− T. Aman, which was spread out over 32 upazilas. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was recorded 0.221 in Agailjhara of Barisal district followed by 0.598 in Bhandaria of Pirojpur. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.972 in Charfasson followed by 0.968 in Tazumuddin of Bhola. The range of cropping intensity values was observed 107-249%. The maximum value was for Bhola sadar and minimum for Agailjhara of Barisal. The overall CDI of Barisal region was calculated 0.968 and the grand mean for cropping intensity at regional level was 204%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 57-72
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Li, Meijuan, Jiaen Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Umair Ashraf, Benliang Zhao, and Shuqing Qiu. "Mixed‐cropping systems of different rice cultivars have grain yield and quality advantages over mono‐cropping systems." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 7 (February 4, 2019): 3326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9547.
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Koné, Brahima, Zadi Florent, Gala bi Trazié Jeremie, Akassimadou Edja Fulgence, Konan Kouamé Firmin, Traoré Minignan Joachim, Kouamé René N’ganzoua, and Yao Kouamé Albert. "Lowland Rice Yield as Affected by Straw Incorporation and Inorganic Fertilizer Over Cropping Seasons in Fluvisol." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2014): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v3i1.5409.
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Grain yield stabilization of lowland rice over cropping seasons was explored using different compositions of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, NPKCa, NPKMg, NPKZn, NPKCaMg, NPKCaZn and NPKCaMgZn) and straw incorporation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 tha-1 ). No fertilizer and no straw amended plot was the control in a split-plot design with three replications laid in a Fluvisol of Guinea savanna in Centre Cote d’Ivoire. Three weeks old nursery rice variety NERICA L19 was transplanted. No significant difference of grain yield was observed between the different treatments excluding the highest yields recorded for treatments NPKMg (5.09 tha-1 ), NPKZn (5.15 tha-1 ) and NPKCaéMg (5.31 tha-1 ) compared with 12 (3.95 tha1 ) and 15 tha-1 (4.14 tha-1 ) as straw rates respectively. Grain yield declining trend was more pronounced for mineral fertilizer treatments showing twice greater depressive effect of cropping cycle compared with the straw especially, for treatments characterized by highest grain yield in the first cropping season and similar grain yields were recorded for both sources of nutrient in the third cropping cycle. Of slowness of nutrients releasing by straw, highest grain yield was expected for this soil amender within a longer period of cultivation whereas, unbalance soil micronutrients should be relevant to studious declining yield under inorganic fertilizer effect. Nevertheless, the straw rate of 12 tha-1 supplying 0.58% of NPK as mineral fertilizer equivalent can be recommended for sustaining lowland rice production in the studied agro-ecosystems unless for three cropping seasons.
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SAEIDI, Mahmoodreza, Yaghoub RAEI, Rouhollah AMINI, Akbar TAGHIZADEH, Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM, and Asal ROHI SARALAN. "Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11110340.
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Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.
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Wattenburger, Cassandra J., Larry J. Halverson, and Kirsten S. Hofmockel. "Agricultural Management Affects Root-Associated Microbiome Recruitment Over Maize Development." Phytobiomes Journal 3, no. 4 (January 2019): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-03-19-0016-r.
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Diversified cropping systems provide yield benefits that may result from enhanced nutrient availability via the root microbiome. We hypothesized that root-associated microbial communities in diversified and conventional systems would differ most during high plant nitrogen demand, reflecting microbiome-derived benefits, and that these effects would be greatest nearest the root. We compared maize bulk soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane prokaryotic and fungal communities in diversified and conventional systems at four plant developmental stages using amplicon sequencing. The greatest differences between systems in root-selected prokaryotic community composition occurred within the rhizoplane during vegetative stage 11 (high nitrogen demand). During this period, the rhizoplane of maize from the diversified, compared with the conventional, cropping system hosted higher abundances of bacteria implicated in complex organic matter decomposition (Verrucomicrobia and Acidobacteria). In contrast, fungal root-associated communities differed most between cropping systems during vegetative stage 4 (low nitrogen demand) and became more similar over time. Unexpectedly, prokaryotic rhizosphere communities, unlike rhizoplane communities, did not always differentiate from bulk soil communities, indicating value in differentiating between root compartments to understand root−microbiome−management interactions. For example, the diversified system rhizosphere and bulk soil prokaryotic communities were not well differentiated compared with the conventional system, indicating the possibility of a camouflage effect.
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Shirazy, BJ, ABMJ Islam, MMR Dewan, and SM Shahidullah. "Crops and Cropping Systems in Dinajpur Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38202.
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The development of agricultural planning largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide a guideline to the policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. A study was undertaken over all the upazilas of Dinajpur region during 2016 using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document of the existing cropping patterns, intensity and diversity for the region. The most important cropping pattern Boro-Fallow-T. Aman occupied about 41% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution over all the upazilas. The second largest area, 9% of NCA, was covered by Wheat-Fallow-T. Aman, which was spread over 18 upazilas. A total of 112 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 30 in Boda upazila of Panchagarh district while the lowest was 11 in Kaharol upazila of Dinajpur district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.708 in Birampur followed by 0.753 in Ghoraghat of Dinajpur. The highest CDI was reported 0.955 in Ranisonkail followed by 0.952 in Baliadangi of Thakurgaon. The range of cropping intensity was recorded 206-249% whereas the maximum value was found for Khansama of Dinajpur and minimum for Boda of Panchagarh district. As a whole, CDI and cropping intensity for Dinajpur region were calculated 0.924 and 229% respectively, which indicates that the land use and crop diversification is not quite enough for the national demand.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 143-156
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Humphries, A. W., R. A. Latta, G. C. Auricht, and W. D. Bellotti. "Over-cropping lucerne with wheat: effect of lucerne winter activity on total plant production and water use of the mixture, and wheat yield and quality." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 8 (2004): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03250.
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Two field experiments in southern Australia investigated a farming system of over-cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into established lucerne (Medicago sativa subsp. L.) varieties of different winter activity ratings. The study was completed at Roseworthy, South Australia, and Katanning, Western Australia, between August 2000 and May 2003 in seasons receiving below average and average rainfall. Comparative lucerne persistence and biomass, wheat biomass, grain yield and protein contents, and soil water contents were measured. Wheat grain yield was reduced by 13–63% by over-cropping lucerne compared with wheat monoculture. Winter-dormant lucerne (winter activity Classes 0.5 and 2) reduced the yield penalty compared with winter-active varieties (Classes 6 and 10) in 2 of the 4 evaluations. The positive response to applying N at sowing in the second year of over-cropping wheat at Katanning was greatest in the most winter-dormant lucerne treatment (winter activity 0.5). Soil water contents were similar under the lucerne/wheat over-cropping and lucerne monoculture treatments irrespective of lucerne winter activity. Deficits of up to 43 mm at Roseworthy and 88 mm at Katanning were measured in the 0–200-cm soil profile at the start of the third summer of the study. The study shows that it can be more efficient in terms of land area to over-crop wheat into lucerne than to grow monocultures on separate parcels of land akin to phase farming. The improved productivity of over-cropping is associated with the separation of growth patterns of winter wheat and summer-active lucerne. This farming system offers great potential for improving sustainability and productivity in southern Australian cropping rotations.
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Chianu, J. N., J. O. Akintola, and P. M. Kormawa. "PROFITABILITY OF CASSAVA–MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT FALLOW SYSTEMS AND LAND-USE INTENSITIES IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 1 (January 2002): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000157.
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Population pressure has diminished the role of the traditional bush fallow system in restoring the fertility of depleted soils following several years of cultivation in the derived savanna of southwest Nigeria. The search for alternative fallow systems led to the development of alley cropping using Leucaena leucocephala and cover cropping using Pueraria phaseoloides. These soil-conserving systems also embody the principles of sustainability by ensuring stable crop yields in spite of an increase in land-use intensity. Simulating smallholder farm conditions and based on a split-plot experiment with the three fallow systems as the main plots and four different land-use intensities (LUI) as the subplots, simple direct observation and record keeping were used to collect data on labour use in all farm operations including fuelwood cutting and stacking in alley cropping systems with fallow phases. Data collection covered a period of four years (1993–96), corresponding to one out of the three phases (or complete cycles) of the trial. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate profitability of cassava (Manihot utilissima)–maize (Zea mays) under each LUI. Results based on crop production indicate that each of the cassava-maize enterprises was profitable but the level of profit varied from 10 819 to 50 289 Naira ha−1. Production under cover cropping has a net benefit advantage of 4–25% (over that under bush fallow) and 25–60% (over alley cropping). Profitability increased as the LUI decreased, depicting the overall importance of fallow periods on soil fertility restoration. Results based on crop production plus fuelwood operations indicate that production with cover cropping has a net benefit advantage over that of both bush fallow and alley cropping under both zero-fallow and one-year fallow LUIs. However, results from two- and three-year fallows indicate that fuelwood yield generated sufficient revenue to put alley cropping at a net benefit advantage of 29–42% over bush fallow and 26–37% over cover cropping. From these results, cover cropping is recommended, especially to farmers in areas where, although land shortage is a problem, fuelwood and the other sources of domestic energy are still cheap and easily accessible. However, in areas with abundant land and where farmers can still wait for fallow periods of at least two years, alley cropping is recommended since, in addition to soil fertility improvement, substantial revenue is obtained. However, considerations of yield variability, labour scarcity, as well as risk-aversion behaviour among farmers may alter their technology choice.
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Islam, ABMJ, SM Shahidullah, ABM Mostafizur, and A. Saha. "Diversity of Cropping Pattern in Bogra." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38197.
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With a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity, a study was carried out over all the upazilas of Bogra agricultural region during 2015-16. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was properly used for this purpose. In the findings it was recorded that 21.88% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region was occupied by the cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman. This pattern was found to be distributed over 27 upazilas out of 35. The second largest area, 13.26% of NCA, was covered by Potato−Boro−T. Aman, which was spread over 17 upazilas. A total of 177 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region in this investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 36 in Nandigram upazila and the lowest was six in Dupchachia and Kahalu upazila of Bogra district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.718 in Raiganj upazila of Sirajganj district followed by 0.734 in Kalai of Joypurhat. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.978 in Pabna sadar followed by 0.972 in Bera upazila. The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 183-291%. The maximum value was for Khetlal upazila of Joypurhat district and minimum for Bera of Pabna. As a whole the CDI of Bogra region was calculated 0.966 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 234%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 73-90
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Banič, Iztok, and Matevž Črepnjak. "Inverse component cropping sequences and connected inverse limits over intervals." Glasnik Matematicki 53, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3336/gm.53.2.09.
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Zaman, MAU, S. Pramanik, N. Parvin, and A. Khatun. "Crop Diversification in Rangpur Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38210.
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For the planning of future research and development elaborate information and a reliable database on existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area are of prime importance for guiding policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. A massive group work was accomplished over all 35 upazilas of Rangpur region during 2016 using pre-tested semistructured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the area. Boro−Fallow−T. Aman occupied the largest portion (53%) of net cropped area (NCA) with its distribution in all upazilas. The second largest area, 5% of NCA, was covered by Maize−Fallow−T. Aman which was spread out over 23 upazilas. Under the current investigation 134 cropping patterns were identified. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 31 in Badarganj of Rangpur and the lowest was 10 in Razibpur of Kurigram district. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.991 in Razibpur upazila followed by 0.989 in Chilmari of Kurigram. The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 190-255%. The maximum value was for Gangachara upazila of Rangpur and minimum for Gaibandha sadar upazila. The overall CDI of Rangpur region was calculated 0.871 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 219%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 255-271
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Liu, Jianhong, Wenquan Zhu, Clement Atzberger, Anzhou Zhao, Yaozhong Pan, and Xin Huang. "A Phenology-Based Method to Map Cropping Patterns under a Wheat-Maize Rotation Using Remotely Sensed Time-Series Data." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081203.
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Agricultural land use and cropping patterns are closely related to food production, soil degradation, water resource management, greenhouse gas emission, and regional climate alterations. Methods for reliable and cost-efficient mapping of cropping pattern, as well as their changes over space and time, are therefore urgently needed. To cope with this need, we developed a phenology-based method to map cropping patterns based on time-series of vegetation index data. The proposed method builds on the well-known ‘threshold model’ to retrieve phenological metrics. Values of four phenological parameters are used to identify crop seasons. Using a set of rules, the crop season information is translated into cropping pattern. To illustrate the method, cropping patterns were determined for three consecutive years (2008–2010) in the Henan province of China, where reliable validation data was available. Cropping patterns were derived using eight-day composite MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. Results show that the proposed method can achieve a satisfactory overall accuracy (~84%) in extracting cropping patterns. Interestingly, the accuracy obtained with our method based on MODIS EVI data was comparable with that from Landsat-5 TM image classification. We conclude that the proposed method for cropland and cropping pattern identification based on MODIS data offers a simple, yet reliable way to derive important land use information over large areas.
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Korsaeth, Audun. "N, P, and K Budgets and Changes in Selected Topsoil Nutrients over 10 Years in a Long-Term Experiment with Conventional and Organic Crop Rotations." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/539582.
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This study presents soil system budgets of N, P and K in six contrasting cropping systems during 10 years of a long-term experiment in southeast Norway. The experiment included systems with arable cash-cropping and with mixed arable-dairy cropping (cash- and fodder crops), with organic and conventional management represented in both groups. All major nutrient inputs and outputs were measured or estimated. State of the art conventional cash-cropping appeared to be balanced in terms of N, whereas conventional mixed cropping had an N surplus. By contrast, less up to date conventional arable cash-cropping and all the organic systems showed indications of soil organic N depletion (negative N budgets). All the organic systems showed that mining of the soil P and K content occurs, whereas the conventional systems all had P and K surpluses. The results corresponded well with measured differences between systems in terms of ignition loss, P-AL, K-AL and K-HNO3measured in 2009. This study shows that a fertile soil may be exposed to substantial mining of N, P and K over many years before it is detectable by traditional analyses, and that field nutrient budgeting is a feasible, but data-demanding, approach to detect such misbalances at an early stage.
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Schweizer, Edward E., Donald W. Lybecker, and Robert L. Zimdahl. "Systems Approach to Weed Management in Irrigated Crops." Weed Science 36, no. 6 (November 1988): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075937.
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The impact of four weed management systems on weed seed reserves in soil, yearly weed problem, and production of barley, corn, pinto bean, and sugarbeet was assessed where these crops were grown in rotation for 4 consecutive years in four cropping sequences. Weeds were controlled in each crop with only conventional tillage or conventional tillage plus minimum, moderate (system 1), and intensive (system 2) levels of herbicides. Seed of annual weeds from 11 genera were identified, with barnyardgrass and redroot pigweed comprising 66 and 19%, respectively, of the initial 90 million weed seed/ha present in the upper 25 cm of the soil profile. After the fourth cropping year, overall decline in total number of weed seed in soil was 53% when averaged over four cropping sequences and four weed management systems. Over the 4-yr period, about 10 times more weeds escaped control in system 1 than in system 2; and within a crop, the fewest number of weeds escaped control annually in barley. System 2 had the highest herbicide use in each cropping sequence, the fewest weeds at harvest, and the smallest adjusted gross return over the 4-yr period in three of four cropping sequences.
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Liebig, M., L. Carpenter-Boggs, J. M. F. Johnson, S. Wright, and N. Barbour. "Cropping system effects on soil biological characteristics in the Great Plains." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 21, no. 1 (March 2006): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005124.
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AbstractSoil biological quality can affect key soil functions that support food production and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of management and time on soil biological quality in contrasting dryland cropping systems at eight locations in the North American Great Plains. Alternative (ALT) cropping systems were characterized by greater cropping intensity (less fallow), more diverse crop sequences, and/or reduced tillage than conventional (CON) cropping systems. Soil biological properties were assessed at depths of 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–30 cm from 1999 to 2002 up to three times per year. Compared to CON, ALT cropping systems had greater microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N. ALT cropping systems also had greater water stable aggregates in the surface 7.5 cm, but only at four locations. Total glomalin (TG), an organic fraction produced by fungi associated with aggregate stability, differed only at one location (Mandan), where the ALT cropping system had 27% more TG than the CON cropping system. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were highly location dependent, but total extracted FAME tended to be higher in ALT cropping systems. Soil biological properties fluctuated over time at all locations, possibly in response to weather, apparent changes in soil condition at sampling, and the presence or absence of fallow and/or legumes in rotation. Consequently, preplant and post-harvest sampling, when weather and soil conditions are most stable, is recommended for comparison of soil biological properties among management practices. Overall, ALT cropping systems enhanced soil function through: (1) improved retention and cycling of nutrients and (2) maintenance of biodiversity and habitat, implying improved agro-ecosystem performance over time.
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Khan, MAH, N. Sultana, N. Akter, S. Akhter, and MAI Khan. "Development of Potato-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern Against Fallow-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern at Mymensingh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v45i3.62948.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was conducted at Multiplication Testing Site (MLT) Trishal of On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Mymensingh during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the agro-economic performance of improved cropping pattern for increasing cropping intensity and system productivity as compared to farmers’ existing cropping pattern. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Two cropping patterns viz. improved pattern Potato (BARI Alu- 25)-Boro (BRRI dhan28)-T. Aman rice (BRRI dhan49) and farmers existing cropping pattern Fallow-Boro (BRRI dhan29)- T. Aman rice (BRRI dhan49) were treatments variables of the experiment. Two years mean data showed that Potato-Boro-T. Aman rice cropping pattern produced higher tuber/grain yield as well as higher rice equivalent yield (30.53 t ha-1yr-1), production efficiency (149 kg ha-1 day-1), land utilization index (74 %) and labour employment (367mandays ha-1 yr-1) than Fallow-Boro-T. Aman rice cropping pattern. This pattern also increased system productivity, production efficiency, land utilization index and labour employment by 158, 166, 26 and 51% higher over exiting pattern. The mean gross return (Tk. 481800 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk.235329 ha-1) of improved cropping pattern were 139 and 237% higher, respectively compared to existing pattern with 87% extra cost. The mean marginal benefit cost ratio (2.45) indicated superiority to improved cropping pattern over existing pattern. Experimental findings revealed that there is potential for greater adoption of intensified cropping systems with increased productivity and profitability as compared to rice–rice systems in Mymensingh.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(3): 279-292, September 2020
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Sultana, J., MB Ahmed, and MY Ali. "Adoption of Climate Resilient Cropping Patterns in Southern Coastal Region of Bangladesh: Farmer’s’ Perception." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 18, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51120.
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The study was carried out in Batiaghata upazila of Khulna district to identify different climate resilient cropping patterns that had been practiced over the past three decades as well as the farmers’ perception about the causes of adopting climate resilient cropping patterns. Information was collected through personal interview, focus group discussion, systematic study of available records and browsing internet. A slight change was observed regarding climate resilient cropping pattern over the last 30 years in the study area. About 30 years ago, five cropping patterns were practiced, only one pattern (Fallow-Fallow-T. Aman) was found climate resilient. About 20 years ago, 11 cropping patterns were practiced, 5 patterns (Fallow-Fallow- T. Aman, Boro-Fallow-T. Aman, Boro-Gher (vegetables)-T. Aman, Boro-Gher (vegetables)-Fallow and Fallow-Gher (vegetables)-T. Aman) were found climate resilient. About 10 years ago, 11 cropping patterns were practiced, 7 patterns (Sesame-Fallow-T. Aman, Boro- Fallow-T. Aman, Boro-Gher (vegetables)-Fallow, Fallow-Fallow- T.Aman, Boro-Jute-T. Aman, Boro-Gher (vegetables)-T. Aman and Fallow-Gher (vegetables)-T. Aman) were found climate resilient. At present, 14 cropping patterns are being practiced. Out of which, six patterns are climate resilient. Respondents justified nine causes for adopting climate resilient cropping patterns, while increase in cropping intensity was the most significant, while lower input cost was least significant. Most of the respondents (93.80%) had highly clear perception and the rest (6.20%) had moderately clear perception. A positive relationship of education and mass media exposure was observed with their perception.
SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 207-217 (2020)
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Dewan, MMR, M. Harun Ar Rashid, M. Nasim, and SM Shahidullah. "Diversity of Crops and Cropping Systems in Jessore Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38206.
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Thorough understanding and a reliable database on existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area are needed for guiding policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers for the planning of future research and development. During 2016 a study was accomplished over all 34 upazilas of Jessore region using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman occupied 32.28% of net cropped area (NCA) of the region with its distribution in all upazilas. The second largest area, 5.29% of NCA, was covered by single Boro, which was spread over 24 upazilas. A total of 176 cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under the current investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 58 in Kushtia sadar upazila and the lowest was 11 in Damurhuda upazila of Chuadanga district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.852 in Narail sadar upazila followed by 0.863 in Jessore sadar upazila. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.981 in Daulatpur followed by 0.978 in Bheramara upazila of Kushtia district. The range of cropping intensity values was recorded 175−286%. The maximum value was for Sreepur of Magura district and minimum for Abhaynagar of Jessore district. As a whole the CDI of Jessore region was calculated 0.955 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 229%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 185-202
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Khan, MAH, MS Zaman, MK Hasan, and ASMMR Khan. "Increasing cropping intensityand productivity through boro t.aus-t.aman-mustard cropping pattern in Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i2.35150.
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The experiment was conducted at Multiplication Testing Site (MLT) Trishal of on-farm research division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Mymensingh during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the comparative agro-economic performance of four crops pattern for increasing cropping intensity and productivity as compared with existing farmers’ pattern. Four crops pattern (Boro-T.Aus-T.Aman-Mustard) and farmers’ existing pattern (Boro-fallow-T.Aman- fallow) as control were tested. On an average, organic matter 3.94 t ha-1and 2.60 t ha-1 were added to soil in four crops pattern and farmers existing pattern by incorporation of biomass of respective crops.. Two years average results showed that the highest rice equivalent yield (20.63 t ha-1) was obtained from four crops pattern. The highest average gross return and gross margin of the four crops pattern were obtained Tk.359570 and Tk. 170162 ha-1 which were 80 and 207 % higher over farmers’ pattern. Farmers’ practice gave the lower gross return (Tk. 199790 ha-1). The mean marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) was found 2.23 which indicated the superiority of four crops pattern over the farmers’ existing pattern. The marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) analysis also showed that inclusion of mustard and T.Aus rice in the existing pattern might be profitable and acceptable to the farmers. Nutrient uptake and balance showed that considerable amounts of N, P, K and S were removed by crops every year. However, the N, K and S balances were found negative in all cases but P balance was found positive. From the above result showed that four crops can be grown successfully one after another in sequence of the tested pattern.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 103-112 (2017)
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SHEPPARD, S. C., and T. E. BATES. "CHANGES IN NITRATE CONCENTRATION OVER WINTER IN THREE SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOIL PROFILES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-054.
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Our study consisted of three sites, continuously cropped with grain corn and fertilized annually with N rates ranging from 0 to 336 kg ha−1. Soil NO3-N was measured to 90 cm at least twice yearly over three cropping seasons. In Ontario’s semi-humid environment, soil nitrate (NO3-N) is usually completely lost from soil profiles over the winter months by leaching and denitrification. We found this to be generally true over 3 yr on a sandy loam and on a silt loam soil. However, on a clay loam soil in 2 of 3 yr NO3-N concentrations in the spring were almost as high as those of the previous fall. Key words: Nitrate, corn, continuous cropping, retention
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Abeysingha, N. S., and U. R. L. N. Rajapaksha. "SPI-Based Spatiotemporal Drought over Sri Lanka." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (January 21, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9753279.
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Drought is one of the most significant hazards in Sri Lanka. Status of drought in Sri Lanka was assessed using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at 3, 6, and 12 months’ time scales using monthly rainfall (1970 to 2017) data of 54 weather stations. The frequency of drought events was evaluated using SPI, and trend of SPI was also detected using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator. The result based on SPI identified hydrological years 1975-76, 1982-83, 1986-87, 1988-89, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2013-14, and 2016-17 as drought years for 52, 32, 35, 33, 33, 31, 31, and 31% of tested stations (54), respectively, at annual time scale. Comparison of the SPI at different time scales revealed that more drought events (SPI ≤ −1) occurred during Yala season than Maha cropping season. Considering the Thiessen polygon average rainfall, more frequent drought events occurred in the dry zone (57%) than the wet (49%) and intermediate zone (47%) at the annual time scale. SPI trend results showed greater increase in drought (59% of stations) during Yala seasons as compared to the Maha cropping season (15% of stations) in Sri Lanka.
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Liu, Zhengjia, Yansui Liu, Jinwei Dong, Muhammad Hasan Ali Baig, Wenfeng Chi, Liuying Peng, and Jieyong Wang. "Patterns and causes of winter wheat and summer maize rotation area change over the North China Plain." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cropland area and cropping frequency play very crucial roles in determining regional food production. However, rapid urbanization accompanied by declining surplus-agricultural labor force has greatly altered patterns of agriculture land use and cropping frequency. Due to lack of continuous cropland and cropland-use intensity maps, our knowledge is still limited to understand whether the urbanization process must have a negative effect for changes in cropland-use intensity. Herein, we took the North China Plain (NCP), both the largest winter wheat and summer maize rotation area and rapidly urbanized area in China, as the study area, and used 250 m moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer NDVI anomaly data, the correlation of NDVI time series in two neighboring years and machine learning algorithms to investigate spatiotemporal patterns and trends of cropland area and cropping frequency change over the NCP from 2000 to 2019. Results showed a significantly decreased cropland area observed since 2004 (slope = 783.8 km2 a−1, p < 0.01), while area of double-season cropping presented a relatively steady trend (slope = 446.9 km2 a−1, p = 0.335). As expected, decreased croplands were mainly occupied by urban and built-up land expansion, however, existing cropland-use intensity was yet improved. Patterns and trends of double-season cropping types were varied spatially. Particularly, the area of winter wheat and summer maize rotation presented a significantly increasing trend (slope = 3423.3 km2 a−1, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the respective area of winter wheat and summer maize both displayed significantly increasing trends with slope of 2953.8 and 2874.9 km2 a −1(p < 0.01) in entire period. Land-use and grain subsidy policies are considered as largely responsible for this phenomenon. These satellite-observed findings highlight that positive land-use policies and managements will be helpful for profitably keeping/improving the harvest area.
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Leihner, D. E., M. Ruppenthal, T. H. Hilger, and J. A. Castillo F. "Soil Conservation Effectiveness and Crop Productivity of Forage Legume Intercropping, Contour Grass Barriers and Contour Ridging in Cassava on Andean Hillsides." Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 3 (July 1996): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700026260.
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SUMMARYSoil erosion and the productivity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cropping systems, including forage legume intercropping, were monitored under natural rainfall conditions on Inceptisols in southwest Colombia. Trials were conducted over two cropping periods on moderate slopes. The best erosion control and cassava fresh root yields were achieved by sole cropping on contour ridges. Erosion was greater with forage legume intercropping than with cassava sole cropping in the first cropping period but once well established and uniformly distributed, undersown legumes controlled erosion effectively, though yields of cassava were depressed by 40% or more. Dense stands of grass contour barriers decreased erosion to tolerable levels. Lower cassava yields due to reduced cropping area and competition from the grasses could be compensated for by the production of valuable forage and by increasing cassava planting density.
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Khan, MAH, N. Sultana, N. Akter, S. Akhter, and MR Ali. "On-Farm Evaluation and System Productivity of Garden Pea-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern in Mymensingh." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i1.50115.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing site under On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Mymensingh 2016- 17 and 2017-18 to evaluate the agro-economic performance of improved cropping pattern for increasing cropping intensity, system productivity and profitability as compared to farmers’ existing cropping pattern. The experiment was laid out randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. Two cropping pattern viz., improved cropping pattern Garden pea (var. BARI Motorshuti-3) - Boro (var. BRRI dhan28) - T. Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan32) and farmers’ existing pattern Fallow - Boro (BRRI dhan28) - T. Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan32) as control were tested. Improved cropping pattern produced higher mean rice equivalent yield (30.26 t ha-1 yr.-1), production efficiency (74 kg ha-1 day-1 ), land utilization index (72 %) and labour employment (382 man-days ha-1 yr.-1) than farmers’ pattern which were 200, 37, 35 and 55% higher over existing pattern. Average gross return (Tk.486430 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 284787 ha-1) and marginal benefit cost ratio (4.60) of improved pattern indicate it’s superiority over farmers’ pattern. The fertility status of soil i.e. pH, organic matter, total N, available P, S, Zn and B content in soil were increased over the initial soil due to addition of garden pea biomass. Thus, inclusion of garden pea in the existing pattern would improve soil health and system productivity as a whole. Experimental findings revealed that there is potential for greater adoption of intensified cropping systems with increased productivity and profitability as compared to rice–rice systems in Mymensingh region.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 37-46
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WALIA, S. S., R. S. GILL, TAMANPREET KAUR, and C. S. AULAKH. "Bio-intensive complimentary cropping systems for north-west India." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no. 8 (March 29, 2022): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i8.89317.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to evaluate bio-intensive complementary cropping systems as a possible replacement of the prevailing rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The treatments comprised 12 cropping systems and were set in a three-time replicated randomized block design. The results revealed that maize (Zea mays L.) (cobs) + vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] + Sesbania-gram (Cicer arietinum L.) + gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) cropping system showed maximum rice equivalent yield (229.9 q/ha), production efficiency (79.4 kg/day/ha) and net returns (`30,6066/ha). These systems also ensured saving of 127.5 cm irrigation water over the existing rice-wheat system (247.5 cm) and proved to be a viable option to avail higher profitability for farmers in Punjab. The removal of N, P and K was significantly higher in all the maize based cropping systems over rice-wheat cropping system. In addition, maize (furrow) + turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (bed)-wheat (bed) + linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) (furrow) cropping system gave highest viable counts of actinomycetes and fungi, whereas maize (furrow) + turmeric (bed)-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (bed) + linseed (furrow) gave highest count for bacteria. The fodder based cropping system, viz. sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] + cowpea (fodder)-wheat + gobhi sarson with high energy output showed the highest energy-use efficiency (48.28) and energy output efficiency (6.35×103 MJ/ha/day). Maize (cobs)+vegetable cowpea + Sesbania-gram + gobhi sarson cropping system showed the highest average maximum energy productivity (8.24 kg REY/MJ) and it was mainly due to its higher REY.
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Ahmad Andrabi, Javaid. "A Spatial-temporal Analysis of Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity in Agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i3.42.
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In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze spatial-temporal changes in cropping pattern and cropping intensity in agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir. Data were obtained from Statistical Abstract of Jammu and Kashmir. Copping pattern and cropping intensity have been presented in the percentage forms. Results of the study reveal that cropping pattern is much diverse with high level of cropping intensity in agriculture of the state. It has been found that maize is still most cultivated crop in the state, covering an area of 27.4 % to total cropped area during 2010-11. Wheat has been found second most cultivated crop with increasing trend of area. The area under rice and pulses crop has decreased rapidly over the period. Cropping intensity has also continuously increased from 119.70% in 1965-66 to 155.79 % in 2010-11. The highest cropping intensity has been recorded in samba (212.63%) whereas lowest registered in Kupwara (100%) district of the state.
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Ahmad Andrabi, Javaid. "A Spatio-Temporal Changes in Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity in Agriculture to Get a Business Profit in Jammu and Kashmir." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i4.85.
Full textAbstract:
In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze spatio-temporal changes in cropping pattern and cropping intensity in agriculture of Jammu and Kashmir. Data were obtained from Statistical Abstract of Jammu and Kashmir. Copping pattern and cropping intensity have been presented in the percentage forms. Results of the study reveal that cropping pattern is much diverse with high level of cropping intensity in agriculture of the state. It has been found that maize is still most cultivated crop in the state, covering an area of 27.4 % to total cropped area during 2010-11. Wheat has been found second most cultivated crop with increasing trend of area. The area under rice and pulses crop has decreased rapidly over the period. Cropping intensity has also continuously increased from 119.70% in 1965-66 to 155.79 % in 2010-11. The highest cropping intensity has been recorded in samba (212.63%) whereas lowest registered in Kupwara (100%) district of the state.
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Kikoyo, Duncan, Srinivasulu Ale, and Patricia K. Smith. "Selective Cropping as a Soil Conservation Practice: A Benefits Evaluation." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13804.
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HighlightsReplacing either a winter wheat or corn system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by more than 19%.When grown for bioenergy production instead of forage hay, switchgrass improved soil retention by 40%.Replacement of field cropping systems with grassland systems improved soil retention by over 70%.Incorporating the environmental merits and demerits of cropping systems during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability.Abstract. While policies that take land out of production provide a quick fix to erosion, the sustainability of such approaches has been questioned, particularly with the increasing demand for arable land. Policies that reconcile the needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems provide a more sustainable alternative approach to soil erosion management in agricultural lands. This study evaluates the impacts of such a policy that prioritizes the implementation of cropping systems with relatively high environmental benefits. The effectiveness of three field cropping systems and three grassland systems in reducing soil erosion is examined on a 6.6 ha field plot in central Texas over a 20-year period. Soil loss rates under each system are estimated using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. A relational comparison of the simulated soil losses and water budget components is undertaken to determine the impact of alternative cropping and grassland systems on the landscape’s hydrologic and erosion processes. The results revealed that replacing a winter wheat system and a corn cropping system with a spring wheat system improved soil retention by 19% and 25%, respectively. Growing switchgrass for bioenergy production instead of forage hay improved soil retention considerably (by 40%). Irrespective of the grassland system adopted (restoration to native prairie or growing switchgrass for hay or bioenergy), the replacement of corn or wheat cropping systems with grassland systems increased soil retention by over 70%. This study shows that there is an opportunity to alleviate concerns about conservation programs that take cropland out of production and those that use food crops as fuel and feedstocks, while considerably reducing soil loss from agricultural lands. Incorporating the merits and demerits of cropping systems and why one system should be preferred over another during on-farm and policy decision-making may go a long way toward ensuring food, feed, and energy security and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Cropping systems, Soil retention, Sustainability, Switchgrass.
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Hossain, MH, SK Bhowal, MM Bashir, and ASMMR Khan. "Productivity and Profitability of Four Crops Based Cropping Pattern in Cumilla Region of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 16, no. 02 (December 22, 2018): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v16i02.40346.
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Field experiment was conducted at the farmers' field of Amratoli, Barura multi location testing site of Cumilla during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to increase cropping intensity and productivity by inclusion of T. Aus in existing cropping pattern. Thus experiment variables were F: Existing cropping pattern (Potato -Boro-Fallow-T. Aman) and FA: Alternate cropping pattern (Potato- Boro- T. Aus- T.Aman). Research result indicated that rice equivalent yield (REY) in alternate cropping pattern was 43.46 t ha-1, which is 25.90% higher over existing pattern (34.52 t ha-1). Higher gross return (Tk. 651900 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 416520 ha-1) and higher marginal benefit cost ratio (2.77) obtained from alternate cropping pattern messaged that this pattern may be recommended to other extrapolation areas of Cumilla region.
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 88-92
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Susilowati, Sri Hery, Gelar Satya Budhi, and I. Wayan Rusastra. "Kinerja dan Perspektif Usahatani Konservasi Alley Cropping di Indonesia." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 15, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v15n1-2.1997.1-16.
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Alley cropping as a soil conservation technology owning certain advantages over terracing, particularly in that : a) costs are lower, b) soil productivity can be maintained, and c) it may be applied on all soil conditions. A disadvantage of alley cropping relates to the time taken for soil erosion control to become effective. However, over the longer time period, soil conversation control through alley cropping technology is more economical than that for terracing. The reviewed studies indicate that flemingia congesta is the most effective soil erosion controlling leguminous shrub,of those studied. Alley cropping is effective in maintaining land productivity. The synergic effect of soil productivity increase and soil erosion rate reduction. In some research,alley cropping systems have been shown to significantaly reduce farming costs per unit output,due to a decrease in manday (labour) use and other input reductions. In implementing alley cropping, land-holding status is one determining fector in farmers' willingness to apply the technology. That is why efforts to disseminate soil cinversation technology have often used some incentive in terms of land ownership rights for farmers. It is worthwhile to develop these incentives further, so that there is a legal certainty on cultivated land. Although alley cropping technology has currently been applied and adopted by farmers to a limited degree, there are still four main assues obstructing farmers' adoption of the tecnolog: a) small scale land-holding; b) limited capital ; c) production input availability; and d) lack of technology information
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Galford, Gillian L., Jerry Melillo, John F. Mustard, Carlos E. P. Cerri, and Carlos C. Cerri. "The Amazon Frontier of Land-Use Change: Croplands and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Earth Interactions 14, no. 15 (October 1, 2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010ei327.1.
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Abstract The Brazilian Amazon is one of the most rapidly developing agricultural frontiers in the world. The authors assess changes in cropland area and the intensification of cropping in the Brazilian agricultural frontier state of Mato Grosso using remote sensing and develop a greenhouse gas emissions budget. The most common type of intensification in this region is a shift from single- to double-cropping patterns and associated changes in management, including increased fertilization. Using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, the authors created a green-leaf phenology for 2001–06 that was temporally smoothed with a wavelet filter. The wavelet-smoothed green-leaf phenology was analyzed to detect cropland areas and their cropping patterns. The authors document cropland extensification and double-cropping intensification validated with field data with 85% accuracy for detecting croplands and 64% and 89% accuracy for detecting single- and double-cropping patterns, respectively. The results show that croplands more than doubled from 2001 to 2006 to cover about 100 000 km2 and that new double-cropping intensification occurred on over 20% of croplands. Variations are seen in the annual rates of extensification and double-cropping intensification. Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for the period 2001–06 due to conversion of natural vegetation and pastures to row-crop agriculture in Mato Grosso averaged 179 Tg CO2-e yr−1, over half the typical fossil fuel emissions for the country in recent years.
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Russell, JS, and PN Jones. "Continuous, alternate and double crop systems on a Vertisol in subtropical Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 7 (1996): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960823.
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Three cropping systems using 5 crop species were compared over a 10-year period on a cracking clay soil (Vertisol) in the sub-humid subtropics of eastern Australia. The 3 cropping systems were continuous (the same crop every year), alternate (the same crop every second year) and double (a winter and summer crop in the one year). There were 2 cereal crops (sorghum and wheat) and 3 grain legumes (chickpea, green gram and black gram). The effect of cropping system was measured in terms of grain and protein yields and changes in soil organic carbon (surface 0-10 cm) and nitrogen concentrations. Summer and winter rainfall was below average in 8 and 5 years out of 10, respectively. Grain yield of cereal monocultures was about twice that of legume monocultures. The potential for double cropping, despite the generally below-average rainfall, was clearly shown with the highest grain and protein yields coming from the combination of green gram (summer) and wheat (winter). Averaged over 10 years, wheat yield (1460 kg/ha. year) was identical in the continuous and alternate cropping systems. Sorghum yields were marginally higher with alternate cropping (1340 kg/ha. year) than continuous cropping (1050 kg/ha. year). With double cropping, average wheat yields were 1081 and 698 kg/ha when combined with green and black gram, respectively. Black gram gave half the average yield of either green gram or chickpea (about 300 v. 600 kg/ha). This was attributed to the indeterminate nature of the crop in an environment with variable rainfall and to the detrimental effect of above-average rainfall during harvest time. Soil nitrogen and carbon levels, with initial values of 0.22 and 2.96%, were reduced at the end of 10 years by 16 and 27% respectively. Their rate of decline did not differ between cropping systems.
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Bundy, C. Scott, and R. M. McPherson. "Cropping Preferences of Common Lepidopteran Pests in a Cotton/Soybean Cropping System." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.1.105.
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Two soybean varieties (an early-maturing Group V and a later-maturing Group VII) and two cotton varieties (a conventional and a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner [Bt]) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots at two locations for 3 growing seasons. The abundance of commonly-observed lepidopteran pests within these two crops was observed weekly throughout each growing season. The green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and; velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, preferred soybeans over cotton at all six test sites. The bollworm complex, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.), preferred soybeans at one site, cotton at two sites, and no crop preference at three sites. There was no difference in the seasonal mean abundance of the pests between the two soybean maturity groups. A few varietal differences were noted on soybeans on specific sampling dates; however, they occurred when insect numbers were low. Population densities approached economic injury levels on both the early and later-maturing soybean varieties. In cotton, the bollworm complex was significantly more abundant in conventional cotton than in Bt cotton. Although soybean loopers are a pest of both crops, soybeans are preferred when they are planted adjacent to cotton. Given this behavioral response, soybeans might serve as a trap crop to attract soybean loopers into a small planting of soybeans and out of the major planting of cotton.
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Khan, MAH, N. Sultana, N. Akter, MS Zaman, and AK Choudhury. "Increasing cropping intensity and productivity through mungbean inclusion in wheat-fallow-T. Aman rice cropping pattern." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 2 (July 8, 2018): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v43i2.37336.
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The experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of Bhaluka Upazilla under On-Farm Research division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Mymensingh during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to evaluate the performance of Wheat-Mungbean-T.aman rice improved cropping pattern against a farmers cropping pattern of Wheat-Fallow-T.aman rice. The findings of the study indicated that three crops could be grown successfully in sequence in the tested site. The higher rice equivalent yield (15.33 t hd-1 yr.-1), production efficiency (34.74 kg ha-1 day-1) and land utilization index (70.69 %) were obtained from the improved cropping pattern than the farmer’s one. Average gross return (Tk. 262750 ha-1), gross margin (Tk 126204 ha-1) and marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) 2.23 of the improved pattern indicate it’s superiority over farmers’ existing pattern. The fertility status of soil i.e. pH, organic matter, total N, available P, S, Zn and B content in soil were increased over the initial soil due to addition of mungbean biomass.Thus, inclusion of mungbean in the existing farmer’s cropping pattern will improve soil health and the system productivity as a whole.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(2): 333-343, June 2018
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Tanti, Nabajit, Subash Chandra Barua, Rana Pratap Bhuyan, Jiaul Hoque, Shyamal Kr Phukan, Milon Jyoti Konwar, and Shyamal Kishore Bordoloi. "Economics of tea based inter cropping in Tinsukia district of Assam." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/496-500.
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The focus of this study was to find out the profitability of intercropping of tea in different cropping systems. The study was conducted in Tinsukia district of Assam. Yield and profitability oftea, areca nut and orangewas significantly influenced by the intercrops in different cropping systems. Tea planted as sole crop recorded higher yield than inter cropping with areca nut and orange.However, the gross return found in different inter cropping system was much higher than that of sole tea crop. Average return over variable cost from conventional cultivation of sole tea was recorded (109101.00 Rs./ha) much lower than that of mix cropping of tea with areca nut (202735.76 Rs./ha), with orange (208166.20) and with areca nut and orange (232176.56) intercropping system. Thus, the intercropping system can be a source of additional income generation and can also act as an insurance against price fluctuation of green tea leaves. Among all intercropping systems studied, tea+areca nut+ orange cropping system was found to be themost profitable cropping system with a B:C ratio of 2.62.
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Srivastava, Khusbhoo, H. S. Jat, M. D. Meena, Madhu Choudhary, A. K. Mishra, and S. K. Chaudhari. "Long term impact of different cropping systems on soil quality under silty loam soils of Indo-Gangetic plains of India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.841.
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In a multi-enterprise agriculture model, six different cropping systems have been evaluated at research farm of CSSRI Karnal for nutrient availability in surface soil. All the cropping systems left tremendous effect on soil quality. Among the different cropping systems, sorghum-berseem maintained lowest soil pH (8.14) followed by cowpea-cauliflower-potato cropping system (8.35). Sorghum-berseem cropping system was significantly build-up of soil fertility in terms of available nitrogen, (221.1kg/ha) and soil organic carbon (0.59%) as compared to other cropping systems. However, phosphorus (59.80 kg/ha) availability was higher in vegetable system followed by wheat-green gram cropping systems (48.85 kg/ha) than the other cropping systems. Vegetable system of multi-enterprise agriculture model showed more availability of Ca (3.20 me/L), Mg (2.63 me/L) and S (11.71 me/L) than other cropping systems. Higher amount of Fe (8.44 mg/kg) was observed in maize-wheat-green gram cropping system, whereas higher Mn (6.37 mg/kg) was noticed in sorghum-berseem fodder system than the other cropping system. Zn and Cu availability was relatively higher in vegetable system. Under prevailing climatic conditions of Karnal, sorghum-berseem fodder system was found to be the best with respect to soil quality and ready adaptability by the farmers as it was not much changed by climatic variability over the last 6 years. Vegetable system and fruits + vegetable were more or less similar in accelerating the availability of nutrients. Thus, leguminous crop (green gram) in any cropping system helped in improving the soil health, which is a good indicator of soil productivity.
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Nuruzzaman, Md, Most Mahbuba Khanum, Md Mahfuz Bazzaz, and Md Aminul Islam. "INCREASING CROPPING INTENSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH FOUR CROPS BASED CROPPING PATTERN IN DINAJPUR REGION OF BANGLADESH." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 3, no. 1 (2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2022.01.05.
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A four crops-based trial was conducted for the two consecutive years at MLT site Raniganj, Sadar, Dinajpur and Kashiatola, Ghoraghat, Dinajpur during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to develop a sustainable and economically profitable cropping pattern Potato-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman against the farmers existing pattern Fallow-Boro-Fallow-T.Aman. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with six dispersed replications. Suitable and short duration high yield potential varieties of different crops Potato ((BARI Alu-7), Boro (BRRRI dhan28) T.Aus (BRRI dhan48) and T.Aman (BRRI dhan62) were selected for the experiment. Grain yield of rice and potato tuber yield was satisfactory. Inclusion of two crops (Potato and T. Aus rice) in the existing pattern attributed to the higher system productivity. The improved alternate cropping pattern produced the higher gross return and gross margin compared to the farmers existing pattern. The marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) over the existing pattern was 2.01 at Ghoraghat and 1.85 at Raniganj which indicated the superiority of the alternate pattern over the farmer’s practice. Potato based cropping pattern could be most suitable and profitable pattern in these areas. From the two years observations in both the locations, four crops pattern could be recommended for higher system productivity and economic benefit along with for more employment opportunity.
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Quddus, Md Abdul, Md Alamgir Siddiky, Khokan Kumer Sarker, Mohibur Rahman, Mohammad Ayub Hossain Khan, Md Anarul Islam, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, and Md Faruque Hossain. "The Assessment of Four Crop-Based Cropping System Productivity, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility With Existing Cropping Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 6 (May 15, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n6p206.
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Sustainable crop production through intensification of crops in cropping system is a global important issue to ensure food security, human and soil nutrition, poverty alleviation, and job opportunity creation. Rabi crop (mustard/lentil)-Jute cropping system and transplanted (T) Aman rice-Boro (T. Boro) rice cropping system are the traditional cropping systems in Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12) soils of Bangladesh. Jute and T. Aman rice are usually cultivated in summer season, but the T. Boro rice is cultivated in winter season. Jute and T. Boro rice are highly cost consuming crops due to need more irrigation, labors and fertilizer etc. T. Boro rice and jute are easily replaced by a short duration of mungbean and T. Aus rice in the existing cropping system. Hence field trial on different cropping systems were conducted in Regional pulses Research Station (RPRS), BARI, Madaripur and the adjacent farmers’ field of RPRS during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to compare and evaluate the four crop-based cropping systems with existing cropping systems based on system productivity, nutrient uptake and balance, profitability and sustaining soil fertility. The experiment was planned with six treatments comprising three of four crop-based cropping systems and three existing traditional cropping systems. The treatments were FCS1 (Mustard-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice), FCS2 (Lentil-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice), FCS3 (Fieldpea-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice), ECS1 (Mustard-Jute), ECS2 (Lentil-Jute) and ECS3 (T. Boro rice-T. Aman rice) following randomized complete block design with three dispersed replications. As per results, the greater system productivity (rice equivalent yield: 16368 kg ha-1) was significantly obtained from FCS2 than the other system treatments. The FCS2 treatment exhibited the highest percent increment of rice equivalent yield (REY) over existing cropping system ECS1, ECS2 and ECS3 was 322%, 234% and 84.1%, respectively. Also higher %REY increment of FCS2 was 20.3% and 14.5% over the other four crop-based cropping systems FCS1 and FCS3. Production efficiency was highest in same FCS2 treatment. Land use efficiency increment was observed higher in Fieldpea-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice cropping system. Total nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn, B) uptakes and nutrient balance were positively influenced among the cropping systems, but both were showed inconsistent trends. The result of postharvest soil exhibited higher organic carbon (8.78 g kg-1) and total N content (0.74 g kg-1) was in FCS2 treatment. The FCS2 was also economically profitable and viable as compared to other cropping systems due to having higher gross return, gross margin and benefit cost ratio (2.48). The FCS3 was the second economically profitable and viable system as compared to other cropping systems. Intensification and diversification of crops from two to four crop-based cropping systems lead to increase the system productivity, profitability, and sustaining soil fertility. Results suggest that lentil-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice followed by Fieldpea-Mungbean-T. Aus rice-T. Aman rice cropping system can practice in the experimental area for positive change the farmers’ livelihoods. This finding may be potential for the area where there is no practice of improving four crop-based cropping systems.
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Farshadfar, E., and M. Geravandi. "Repeatability of drought tolerance indices in chickpea genotypes over stress and non-stress environments." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.61.2013.2.4.
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To evaluate the repeatability of yield-based drought tolerance indices over years, twenty chickpea genotypes were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications for four cropping seasons (2008–2012) in the experimental field of Razi University. The result of combined analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant differences for location (L) (rain-fed and irrigated), genotype (G), and LY and GL interactions, indicating the presence of genetic variability and the possibility of selection for stable, drought-tolerant genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the Spearman's rank correlation matrix was used to visualize the relationships between different drought tolerance indices. Due to their positive significant correlation with seed yield under both conditions over four cropping seasons, the stress tolerance index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were identified as desirable criteria for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes under severe stress conditions. The selection of drought-tolerant chickpea genotypes using these indices in a one-year trial will mirror the results of multiple cropping season trials. According to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between single vs. single years and single vs. the mean of multiple years, the tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance index (K1STI) were identified as repeatable indices under severe drought conditions.
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Guo, Yan, Haoming Xia, Li Pan, Xiaoyang Zhao, and Rumeng Li. "Mapping the Northern Limit of Double Cropping Using a Phenology-Based Algorithm and Google Earth Engine." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14041004.
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Double cropping is an important cropping system in China, with more than half of China’s cropland adopting the practice. Under the background of global climate change, agricultural policies, and changing farming practices, double-cropping area has changed substantially. However, the spatial-temporal dynamics of double cropping is poorly understood. A better understanding of these dynamics is necessary for the northern limit of double cropping (NLDC) to ensure food security in China and the world and to achieve zero hunger, the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Here, we developed a phenology-based algorithm to identify double-cropping fields by analyzing time-series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images during the period 2000–2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. We then extracted the NLDC using the kernel density of pixels with double cropping and analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamics of NLDC using the Fishnet method. We found that our algorithm accurately extracted double-cropping fields, with overall, user, and producer accuracies and Kappa coefficients of 95.97%, 96.58%, 92.21%, and 0.91, respectively. Over the past 20 years, the NLDC generally trended southward (the largest movement was 66.60 km) and eastward (the largest movement was 109.52 km). Our findings provide the scientific basis for further development and planning of agricultural production in China.
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Khanum, M. M., M. M. Bazzaz, M. Nuruzzaman, M. S. Huda, and M. A. A. A. Muzahid. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE CROPPING PATTERN AGAINST TOMATO-FALLOW- T. AMAN RICE IN MEDIUM HIGH LAND OF DINAJPUR." Reviews In Food And Agriculture 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2020.18.21.
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The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Dinajpur during Mid December to end of November for two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19) to develop an economically sustainable and profitable cropping pattern over existing pattern. Three alternate cropping patterns Tomato-T. Aus-T. Aman, Tomato-Summer onion-T. Aman, Tomato-Indian Spinach-T. Aman were introduced against the existing cropping pattern Tomato–Fallow–T. Aman rice. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with three replications. The highest REY (35.91 t/ha) was recorded from the cropping pattern Tomato-Indian Spinach-T. Aman followed by Tomato-Summer onion-T. Aman (31.26 t/ha) and Tomato-T. Aus-T. Aman (29.04 t/ha). The lowest REY (24.48 t/ha) was obtained from the cropping pattern Tomato-Fallow-T. Aman (Farmers practice). The gross return and gross margin were higher in the alternate cropping patterns compared to existing cropping pattern due to additional yield of T. Aus rice, Summer Onion and Indian Spinach. Therefore, farmers in Dinajpur region of Bangladesh could follow alternate cropping pattern in their medium high land where lands remain fallow after harvesting of Tomato for higher crop productivity and profitability.
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Tao, Jianbin, Wenbin Wu, and Meng Xu. "Using the Bayesian Network to Map Large-Scale Cropping Intensity by Fusing Multi-Source Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020168.
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Global food demand will increase over the next few decades, and sustainable agricultural intensification on current cropland may be a preferred option to meet this demand. Mapping cropping intensity with remote sensing data is of great importance for agricultural production, food security, and agricultural sustainability in the context of global climate change. However, there are some challenges in large-scale cropping intensity mapping. First, existing indicators are too coarse, and fine indicators for measuring cropping intensity are lacking. Second, the regional, intra-class variations detected in time-series remote sensing data across vast areas represent environment-related clusters for each cropping intensity level. However, few existing studies have taken into account the intra-class variations caused by varied crop patterns, crop phenology, and geographical differentiation. In this research, we first presented a new definition, a normalized cropping intensity index (CII), to quantify cropping intensity precisely. We then proposed a Bayesian network model fusing prior knowledge (BNPK) to address the issue of intra-class variations when mapping CII over large areas. This method can fuse regional differentiation factors as prior knowledge into the model to reduce the uncertainty. Experiments on five sample areas covering the main grain-producing areas of mainland China proved the effectiveness of the model. Our research proposes the framework of obtain a CII map with both a finer spatial resolution and a fine temporal resolution at a national scale.
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Beule, Lukas, Anna Vaupel, and Virna Estefania Moran-Rodas. "Abundance, Diversity, and Function of Soil Microorganisms in Temperate Alley-Cropping Agroforestry Systems: A Review." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030616.
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Modern temperate alley-cropping systems combine rows of trees with rows of crops (agroforestry), which allows for diverse interspecific interactions such as the complementary and competitive use of resources. The complementary use of resources between trees and crops is considered the main advantage of these multifunctional land use systems over cropland monocultures. Moreover, several studies demonstrated that agroforestry systems are environmentally more sustainable than cropland monocultures. Over two decades of research on soil microorganisms in temperate alley-cropping systems are characterized by a variety of different methodological approaches and study designs to investigate the impact of agroforestry on the soil microbiome. Here, we review the available literature on the abundance, diversity, and functionality of soil microorganisms in temperate alley-cropping systems. Further, we identify current knowledge gaps as well as important experimental factors to consider in future studies. Overall, we found that temperate alley-cropping systems increase soil microbial abundance, diversity, and functions as compared to cropland monocultures, which is expected to contribute to enhanced biological soil fertility in these systems.