Journal articles on the topic 'Ovaries Cytology'
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Ivan, Reily Ann, Kuruvilla P. Chacko, and Pramod Thomas. "Comparison between imprint cytology and frozen sections in intraoperative consultation of ovarian tumours." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203685.
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Background: The ovaries frequently are the site for various primary tumors. Correct intraoperative diagnosis is crucial. The application of imprint cytology is very useful where frozen section facility is not available. The present study is a comparison of imprint cytology and frozen section during intraoperative consultation for various types of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms in different age groups.Methods: Seventy-six cases of ovarian tumors were examined using both imprint cytology and frozen section and evaluated, taking histopathological report as gold standard. The histopathological diagnoses consisted of benign (54), borderline (9), and malignant (13). The malignant tumors consisted of various types including serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and carcinoid.Results: All 54 benign cases were accurately diagnosed as benign by imprint cytology. With frozen section 53 cases were correctly diagnosed as benign but one case was over diagnosed as borderline. Among 13 malignant cases 11 (84.6%) were correctly diagnosed with both techniques. Borderline tumors were not able to be diagnosed with imprint smear, 3 out of 9 cases were correctly diagnosed with frozen section.Conclusion: When compared with frozen section, imprint cytology is a simple, inexpensive and useful diagnostic tool in intraoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Imprint smear is not useful in borderline tumors where only frozen section is useful. Imprint cytology can be used as an adjunct to frozen section for better diagnosis.
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Begum, Nazia, Kandavalli Manipriya, Rahathunnisa Begum, and Veeresh B. "Simple and Rapid Method for Rat Estrous Cycle Identification Using Crystal Violet- Hormonal Consideration." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH 5, no. 04 (June 30, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21477/ijapsr.5.4.1.
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Rat estrous cycle determination or vaginal smear staining is paramount for studies related to endocrinology and reproduction; in the present study; we have reported a simple and rapid method for estrous cycle determination in rats using crystal violet. With this technique, the identification of stages can be done even on the next day. Hormonal variation in blood and histomorphological changes in ovaries at different stages of the estrous cycle were studied in female Wistar rats, which can be used to determine the hormone levels in works related to hormonal drugs, further ovarian morphology can be used to study changes in ovaries during the estrous cycle. This study aims to report a rapid and simple method for vaginal cytology using crystal violet and to report normal hormonal levels and histomorphology of ovaries in various phases of the estrous cycle.
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Kamelia, Muthia, Aswiyanti Asri, and Syamel Muhammad. "Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma which Detected in Ascitic Fluid Smear." Journal Obgin Emas 5, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.5.2.267-275.2021.
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Objective: To report the case of ovarian clear cell carcinoma with involvement of both ovaries and metastatic to ascitic fluid and the label mass in the bladderMethod: Case Report Case: A 51 years old female presented with enlarging abdominal with gradual pain. The result of transabdominal sonography were multiple cysts with solid mass, suspected solid cystic ovarian neoplasm and ascites. The patient prepared for laparotomy; optimal debulking surgery, mass resection from bladder. Cytology examination was performed from ascitic fluid and it was confirmed by histopathology examination.Result: Microscopic features on cytology examination of ascitic fluid smear was suggest carcinoma. Histological examination was confirmed the diagnosis and the result was ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Discussion: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and comprises about 5-10% of ovarian carcinomas. Clear cell carcinoma tends to occur in the fifth to seventh decades. Cytology examination showed the cellular smear consists of groups of epithelial cells with large nucleus, hyperchromatic, pale-staining, vacuolated cytoplasm. There is also eosinophilic, extracellular substance. The presence of a tumor in ascitic fluid and the label mass in the bladder can categorize become IIB. This determined based on the FIGO’s ovarian tumor staging system.Keywords: ovarian clear cell carcinoma; ascitic fluid.
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Ghosh, Sanchita, Bhawna Bhutoria Jain, Ayandip Nandi, and Uma Banerjee. "Utility of scrape cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian masses." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192920.
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Background: Cytology is a useful adjunct to frozen section for rapid diagnosis of neoplastic pathology. However frozen section facility is available in limited centres. Therefore, we undertook this study to find out role of scrape cytology for diagnosis of ovarian masses.Methods: It is an observational study done in a medical college. One hundred ovarian masses were collected for a period of eighteen months. Cut surface of ovarian masses were scraped with edge of a glass slide. Smears were prepared and stained with H and E stain, examined and a presumptive diagnosis was given. The verification of cytological diagnosis was done by histopathological report. All the data were recorded, tabulated and analyzed with the help of standard statistical methods using Microsoft XL.Results: A total of hundred cases were studied. Left ovary was involved in 38 cases, right ovary in 52 cases and bilateral ovaries in 10 cases. Malignant cases mostly yielded hyper cellular smear. On Chi square test, it was significant with value of less than .001. The overall sensitivity and specificity of scrape cytology in diagnosing ovarian neoplasm, considering HPE as gold standard, are 98% and 78% respectively. In Dysgerminoma, Papillary adenocarcinoma, Mucinous Cystadenoma, Benign cystic teratoma, Granulomatous lesion of ovary, Lymphoma and Mucinous adenocarcinoma, scrape diagnosis corroborated with the histological diagnosis. Notable discrepancy was seen in cases of Endometrioid carcinoma.Conclusions: Scrape cytology can serve as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of ovarian masses in close cooperation of the clinician, radiologist and pathologist. It has a potential for widespread use as knowledge and experience of interpreting cytopathologists increase.
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Sharma, Sudha, Dibyanshu Sekhar Mohapatra, Nalini Gupta, Radhika Srinivasan, Arvind Rajwanshi, and Pranab Dey. "Cytology of peritoneal implants of borderline serous tumor of ovaries in ascitic fluid." Cytojournal 18 (July 27, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_56_2020.
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Objectives: Peritoneal fluid cytology is done routinely in cases with serous carcinoma of ovary. However, morphologic features of borderline serous tumors (BSTs) of ovary in ascitic fluid have been rarely described. The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphologic features of BST with and without ascitic fluid involvement (BST+ and BST-, respectively) and compare with those of serous carcinomas, both in conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) smears. Material and Methods: Out of 30 BST cases reported in 3 years, seven cases had BST+. We compared the cytomorphology of seven cases of BST+, seven cases of BST-, and seven cases of serous adenocarcinoma with positive ascitic fluid cytology. Both conventional and LBC smears were studied in all cases and compared. Histopathology of omentum in these cases was also studied. Results: Most cases with BST+ had regular papillary fragment borders with nuclei showing mild-to-moderate pleomorphism, fine nuclear chromatin with small nucleoli as compared with serous carcinomas all of which had irregular borders with moderate-to-severe nuclear pleomorphism, coarse chromatin, and macronucleoli. Conclusion: A combination of cytoarchitectural and nuclear features can help in suspecting BST in ascitic fluid. Ascitic fluid cytology together with tissue histology can increase the rate of the detection of peritoneal implants.
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Khunamornpong, Surapan, and Sumalee Siriaunkgul. "Scrape cytology of the ovaries: Potential role in intraoperative consultation of ovarian lesions." Diagnostic Cytopathology 28, no. 5 (April 24, 2003): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.10273.
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Yadav, Rajni, Partheeban Balasundaram, Asit R. Mridha, Venkateswaran K. Iyer, and Sandeep R. Mathur. "Primary ovarian non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Diagnosis of two cases on fine needle aspiration cytology." CytoJournal 13 (January 28, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1742-6413.173588.
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Lymphoma of the female genital tract is a rare condition. Involvement of the ovary by non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is usually secondary to systemic disease and primary ovarian lymphomas are unusual. In most cases, the diagnosis is not suspected initially and is confirmed only after detailed histopathological evaluation. We describe two cases of primary ovarian NHL which were diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). One of the patients was a 40 years old female who presented with abdominal distension and lump. She was found to have bilateral adnexal masses on ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan. A USG guided fine needle aspiration of the ovarian masses was performed, following which a diagnosis of primary ovarian diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was established. The second patient was a 14 years old female who presented with pelvic lump, which was lobulated and mildly enhancing on contrast enhanced CT. A diagnosis of high grade NHL of ovaries was made on cytology. Subsequently, the lymphoma was characterized as Burkitt's on histopathological examination. Both the patients were started on R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen. FNAC serves as an extremely useful minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis of ovarian lymphomas and early institution of appropriate chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Brodzki, Piotr, Adam Brodzki, Krzysztof Kostro, Łukasz Kurek, Jan Marczuk, and Leszek Krakowski. "Cytological image of the endometrium in cows in follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle and in cows with follicular and luteal ovarian cysts." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2014-0022.
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Abstract The experiment was conducted on 30 Holstein-Friesian cows: 10 cows in the follicular phase of the cycle and in the luteal phase 10 d later, 10 cows with follicular cysts, and 10 with luteal cysts. The presence of the ovarian structures was confirmed by ultrasonography. Serum levels of progesterone and 17β-oestradiol were tested with ELISA. Samples for cytological examination were collected from the uterus of all cows using a cytological brush. Following staining, the smears were evaluated in terms of quality and percentages of endometrial cells. In the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, cells of type A - superficial cells (64.6 ± 4.48) were proportionally the largest group of cells. Cells of type C - basal cells (19.8 ± 2.75) were also present. In the luteal phase, the highest percentage of cells was of type B - intermediate cells (76.9 ± 4.26). When follicular cysts were present on the ovaries, the cytology resembled the follicular phase of the cycle, but with many younger type C cells (33.1 ± 4.11). In the case of luteal cysts on the ovaries, the cytology was similar to that of the luteal phase of the cycle, however with a lower percentage of type B cells (58.1 ± 5.71), and a slightly higher percentage of the other types. The differences in the cytological image of the uterus when different ovarian structures are present, depend on the hormonal activity of those structures. Due to the lack of literature data, the results of the study are important as a model, and may substantially facilitate identification of phases of the oestrus cycle, or the pathologies described, as well as indicate the current status of the endometrium
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Dangal, Ganesh. "Unique combination of an ovarian dysgerminoma, streak ovary and uterine agenesis in a girl of 12." Archive of Oncology 16, no. 1-2 (2008): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0802016d.
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Dysgerminoma of the ovary is a rare malignancy. It is common in dysegenetic ovaries. The prognosis is excellent if treated properly. This is a case report of a girl with agenesis of the uterus, streak ovary and dysgerminoma. Her external genitalia seemed normal. Ultrasonography indicated uterine agenesis and showed a solid mass on right gonad. The left gonad was streak ovary. There was minimal ascites and cytology was positive for malignant cell. Tumor markers were normal. Bilateral gonadectomy with removal of the tumor was performed. She received chemotherapy and was disease free at 2-year follow up. The combination of an ovarian dysgerminoma with uterine agenesis and streak ovary is a rare finding. Ovarian dysgerminoma is chemosensitive and potentially curable even when in advanced stage.
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Terazono, T., V. V. Luu, L. T. K. Do, Y. Sato, M. Taniguchi, M. Takagi, and T. Otoi. "119 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MONITORING OF CANINE OVARIES CLAMPED AT SUBCUTANEOUS SITE AFTER HORMONE TREATMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 1 (2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab119.
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Follicular growth in bitches is usually detected indirectly through behaviour observation, vaginal smears, and hormonal assay in blood. Although real-time ultrasonography can reveal the development of canine ovarian follicles, no method has been established to determine or predict ovulation accurately. Moreover, the location and small size of the ovaries make imaging technically difficult. This study was conducted to investigate follicular waves of canine ovaries stimulated by hormone treatment, in which ovaries had been clamped at a subcutaneous site. Bilateral malacotomy of 3 bitches (4 years of age) at the anestrous (2 bitches) and proestrous (1 bitch) stages of the oestrous cycle was performed using a ventral flank abdominal approach with routine techniques and materials. Each ovary that maintained blood circulation from the suspensory ligament was clamped at a subcutaneous site through muscles of the abdomen. Oestrus was induced using subcutaneous administration of 500 IU of eCG and 1000 IU of hCG (eCG/hCG). Each bitch was given 1000 IU of hCG at 11 days after eCG/hCG administration. Examinations with ovarian ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz sector transducer, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone assay were performed daily until 20 days after eCG/hCG administration, and every 10 days thereafter from 20 days to 60 days. Serosanguineous vaginal discharges and vaginal cytology of 2 of the bitches were observed. Follicular growth (>1.1 mm in diameter) was observed in all bitches after eCG/hCG administration. The appearance of new follicular growth was observed on 2 days, 6 days, and 8 days after eCG/hCG administration. The mean diameter of follicles reached 4.3 to 5.5 mm, and the maximum numbers of follicles in bitches were 11 to 16. However, all follicles regressed, irrespective of hCG administration. Elevation in progesterone levels (>2 ng mL–1) after eCG/hCG administration was observed from 2 days to 12 days after eCG/hCG administration. No correlation was found between follicular development, progesterone profiles, and vaginal smear characteristics. Follicular growth clamped at the subcutaneous site can be monitored easily using ultrasound without an experienced operator. Moreover, ultrasonography proved that hormonal stimulation can induce follicular growth, but the day of appearance of new follicles varied.
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Ashihara, Keisuke, Tomohito Tanaka, Risa Maruoka, Yoshihiro J. Ono, Akiko Tanabe, Yoshito Terai, and Masahide Ohmichi. "Postmenopausal Patients With Endometrial Cancer of Type 1 Have Elevated Serum Estradiol Levels in the Ovarian Vein." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 24, no. 8 (October 2014): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000227.
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ObjectiveType 1 endometrial cancer (EC) is typically sex hormone sensitive; however, most women diagnosed with EC have already gone through menopause. Several studies have reported that the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, and estradiol (E2) production from the ovaries persists for as much as 10 years beyond menopause. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sex steroid production from the ovaries contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 EC.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study of 53 women treated for EC (28 cases of type 1 disease and 25 cases of type 2 disease). Serum specimens were collected from the peripheral and ovarian veins of participants undergoing bilateral oophorectomy. The sex steroid hormone levels and hormonal milieu on cervical cytology were evaluated as maturation value (MV). In addition, the degree of stromal hyperplasia of the ovary was evaluated histologically.ResultsAlthough the E2 levels of the peripheral veins did not show any significant differences [8.2 (5.1–12.4) vs 7.4 (5.1–11.7) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05], the patients with type 1 EC had a higher E2 level in the ovarian vein than those with type 2 EC [25 (13.8–42.5) vs 15 (10.0–23.0) pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.05]. There were also no significant differences in the rate of moderate to marked hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma between the groups; however, the thickness of the ovarian cortex demonstrated a correlation with the ovarian E2 level. In addition, the MV displayed a strong correlation with the ovarian E2 level, but not the peripheral E2 level.ConclusionsThe postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, especially in patients with type 1 EC. The degree of ovarian stromal hyperplasia may (at least in part) contribute to the progression of type 1 EC, and MV may predict the level of E2 production from the ovaries in postmenopausal women.
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Mishra, Archana, Saritha Shamsunder, Sunita Malik, and Sufian Zaheer. "Collision tumour of ovary: a rare combination of fibrothecoma with serous cystadenoma." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171444.
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A collision tumour is defined by presence of two separate tumors in one organ on gross, microscopic and immune-histochemical studies without any admixture. These tumors are reported from oesophagus, stomach, liver, lung and thyroid glands. Such tumors are extremely rare in ovary. In case of ovaries most common histological collision reported between mucinous tumors and teratomas. We are reporting a rare combination of fibrothecoma with serous cystadenoma in right ovary of a premenopausal woman. Both gynaecologist and pathologist should be aware of such combination. It is important to differentiate such tumors from malignant ovarian tumors. Frozen section and scrape cytology are important tools which help in appropriate management of such cases intraoperatively.
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Pertiwi, A. P., L. I. T. A. Tumbelaka, and M. F. Ulum. "Ultrasonographic and vaginal cytological diagnostics of the Queen." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 23, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v23i3.1809.
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Ultrasonography is a diagnostic method to image the conditions of reproductive organs and it could be supported by vaginal cytology to identify the activities of the ovaries by the types of vaginal exfoliate cells. The aims of this study was to observe reproduction organ through ultrasonography with supportive diagnostic with vaginal cytological assessment. A total of 10 individual queens were used in this study and then grouped into intact group (n=5) and spayed (ovariohysterectomy) group (n=5) based on the anamneses or their medical history. The vagina, cervix, uterus body and horns, and ovaries were imaged and measured by ultrasound. Vagina, uterine body and horn seem as pipe-like structures with hyperechoic outer lines. The lumen in uterine body and horn seem as a hyperechoic structure. The ovaries seem as round- or oval-shaped structures with anechoic follicles. The corpus luteal has thick wall and seen as anechoic in its centre part. The corpus albicans seems as a hyperechoic structure. The vagina of spayed queens seemed more corrugated than those intact queens. The cervix is seen as a hyperechoic structure linking the vagina and uterine body. Exfoliate vaginal epithelial cell types were then also be identified and counted on each queens. The results of vaginal cytology showed that proestrus occured in 3 intact queens, late metestrus in 1 intact and 3 spayed queens, anestrus in 1 spayed queen, and unidentifiable estrus stage in 1 intact and 1 spayed queens. Moreover, the morphology of cervix and uterine was affected by the activity of ovary.
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Maronezi, M. C., G. G. Lemos, F. H. Lima, L. M. Izique, M. De Santi, C. Couto, T. M. Pereira, et al. "Ultrasound evaluation of female reproductive system in free ranging Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 3 (May 2020): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11727.
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ABSTRACT An adult, female, 31kg body weight, free range Myrmecophaga tridactyla was referred for medical consultation due to apathy, dehydration, intense flatulence and fetid stools. The animal was submitted to chemical restraint and physical examination, blood count, fecal analysis, and vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Good nutritional status and clinical variables within the normal range were observed at physical examination. At vaginal cytology leukocytes, spermatozoa and a large proportion of cornified cells (superficial) were observed, indicating estrus and recent copula. At ultrasound examination it was possible to locate, identify, evaluate and measure the ovaries and the uterine structures, cervix, body, lumen, myometrium and endometrium, a fact never reported in the literature for this species. These data can be used as reference for clinical evaluation of the reproductive tract in Myrmecophaga tridactyla females considered vulnerable species, for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies, biotechnologies application or estrous cycle evaluation.
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Aflatounian, A., and R. Aflatounian. "Comparison of accuracy of diagnostic ovaries cyst between vaginal sonography and cytology finding." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): D39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)81778-6.
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Stein, Vanessa Cristina, Renato Paiva, Daiane Peixoto Vargas, Fernanda Pereira Soares, Eduardo Alves, and Gabriela Ferreira Nogueira. "Ultrastructural calli analysis of Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn." Revista Árvore 34, no. 5 (October 2010): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000500004.
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Subcellular changes are relevant to understand plant organogenesis and embryogenesis in the early stages of cell development. The cytology during cell development in tissue culture is however still poorly characterized. This study aimed to characterize the ultrastructural differences related to callogenesis of anthers, ovaries, leaf and nodal segments of Inga vera Willd. subsp. Affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. Flower buds, nodal segments and leaves were disinfected and inoculated in test tubes containing MS medium with 3% sucrose and 4.5µM 2.4-D, except for leaf callogenesis, where 9µM of this auxin was used, and for the callogenesis of anthers and ovaries, where the culture medium was enriched with 0.25% activated charcoal and 90µM PVP. After 45 days in culture medium, the anther, ovary, leaf and nodal segment calli were fixed in Karnovisky and prepared for visualization by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural differences were observed among the callus cells of anthers, ovaries, segments and leaves. There was no evidence of somatic embryo formation in the anther, leaf and nodal segment calli, in spite of some embryogenic characteristics in the cells. The ovary calli, with indications of embryo formation, seem to be the most responsive explant source for embryogenesis.
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Heru, F. Y., H. J. Oh, M. K. Kim, J. Goo, M. S. Hossein, H. J. Kim, S. K. n. Kang, B. C. Lee, and W. S. Hwang. "303 EFFECT OF SERUM SUPPLEMENTATION AND ESTRUS CYCLE STAGE ON IN VITRO NUCLEAR MATURATION OF CANINE OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab303.
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The present study investigated the effects of the estrus cycle stage and serum supplementation on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Ovaries were collected from a private clinic after ovariohysterectomy and classified into follicular, luteal, or anestrus stages through a combination of ovarian morphology and vaginal cytology. A total of 2214 oocytes from 196 ovaries (903 oocytes from 96 anestrus ovaries, 609 oocytes from 36 follicular ovaries, and 702 oocytes from 64 luteal ovaries) were used for experiments. The oocyte retrieval per ovary was 10, 19, and 12 for anestrus, follicular and luteal-phase ovaries, respectively. In Exp. 1, immature oocytes were cultured for 72 h in TCM-199 alone or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% canine anestrus (CAS), estrus (CES), or diestrus (CDS) serum or fetal bovine serum (FBS). In Exp. 2, immature oocytes were cultured for 72 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 0, 5, 10, or 20% CES. After staining with Hoechst 33342, chromatin state and position as well as spindle formation were evaluated to determine the stage of meiosis: germinal vesicle (GV) stage, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (MI) stage, metaphase II (MII) stage. The experiments with anestrus and luteal-phase oocytes were repeated eight times and follicular-phase oocytes were repeated six times. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and protected least significant difference (LSD) test to determine differences among experimental groups by using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) program. Statistical significance was determined where P value was less than 0.05. In Exp. 1, the in vitro maturation of oocytes up to MII stage was higher when oocytes were collected from ovaries in follicular phase. The maturation rate up to MII stage was 0.0 to 1.7%, 1.3 to 10.2%, and 1.0 to 3.2% for the oocytes collected from the anestrus, follicular, and luteal-phase ovaries, respectively, depending on the culture media used. In basic TCM media only, 0.0, 1.3, and 2.3% oocytes reached the MII stage for anestrus, follicular, and luteal-phase oocytes, respectively. A significantly higher rate of maturation was obtained when oocytes collected from follicular phase were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% CES (10.2%), compared to 10% CAS (4.0%), CDS (2.7%), FBS (1.3%), or the control (1.3%). In Exp. 2, supplementing with 10% CES induced the highest (P < 0.05) maturation rate to the MII stage in oocytes collected from follicular-stage ovaries (11.5%) compared to supplementing with 0% (1.0%), 5% (1.3%), or 20% CES (5.1%). Supplementing with CES (5, 10, or 20%) did not have a significant effect on nuclear maturation of canine oocytes collected from anestrus or luteal-stage ovaries. In conclusion, supplementing in vitro maturation medium with 10% CES increased nuclear maturation of canine oocytes, and canine oocytes collected from follicular-stage ovaries are the most suitable to complete nuclear maturation in vitro. This study was supported by grants from the Biogreen 21-1000520030100000.
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Powell, C. Bethan, Eric Kenley, Lee-may Chen, Beth Crawford, Jane McLennan, Charles Zaloudek, Miriam Komaromy, Mary Beattie, and John Ziegler. "Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA Mutation Carriers: Role of Serial Sectioning in the Detection of Occult Malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.109.
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Purpose Women who carry deleterious mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have up to a 54% lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. After childbearing, women at high risk increasingly choose bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Two recent studies of BRCA mutation carriers reported occult malignancy in 2.5% of women undergoing RRSO. This study aimed to increase this detection rate using a protocol. Methods In 1996, the University of California San Francisco Gynecologic Oncology Program instituted a surgical-pathologic RRSO protocol that was composed of complete removal and serial sectioning of both ovaries and fallopian tubes, peritoneal and omental biopsies, and collection of peritoneal washings for cytology. We report the pathologic findings in 67 BRCA mutation carriers according to the degree of adherence to this protocol. Results Of the 67 procedures, the protocol was followed completely or partially in 41 (61%). Seven occult malignancies were discovered, four in the fallopian tube and three in the ovaries. Six of these were microscopic, and all seven (17%) were found in specimens from complete or partial protocol procedures as opposed to standard procedures (P = .026). Other variables such as age, parity, BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, or type of surgery did not alter the strong effect of protocol procedure on the cancer detection rate. Conclusion A rigorous operative and pathologic protocol for RRSO increases the detection rate of occult ovarian malignancy in BRCA mutation carriers nearly seven-fold. If confirmed, this finding will alter postoperative management because additional staging, chemotherapy, and follow-up may be necessary in affected women.
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Praxedes, Érica C. G., Gabriela L. Lima, Luana G. P. Bezerra, Fernanda A. Santos, Marcelo B. Bezerra, Denise D. Guerreiro, Ana P. R. Rodrigues, Sheyla F. S. Domingues, and Alexandre R. Silva. "Development of fresh and vitrified agouti ovarian tissue after xenografting to ovariectomised severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 3 (2018): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17051.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of fresh and vitrified agouti ovarian tissue after xenografting to C57Bl/6 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) female mice. Ovaries were obtained from five female agoutis and divided into 16 fragments. Five fragments were transplanted immediately to ovariectomised SCID mice and the others were vitrified, stored for 2 weeks and transplanted only after rewarming. Tissue fragments were transplanted under the kidney capsule in recipients. The return of ovarian activity in recipients was monitored by the observation of external signs of oestrus and vaginal cytology over a period of 40 days after transplantation, after which the grafts were removed and evaluated for morphology, cell proliferation and the occurrence of DNA fragmentation. Ovarian activity returned in four of five mice that received fresh ovarian tissue from agoutis and in one of six mice that had received vitrified tissue a mean (± s.e.m.) 20.6 ± 8.6 days after xenotransplantation. After graft removal, a predominance of primordial and primary follicles was observed in all grafts. Vitrification reduced cell proliferation and increased the occurrence of DNA fragmentation in grafted agouti ovarian tissue. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that xenografted agouti ovarian tissue, fresh or vitrified, is able to promote the return of ovarian activity in ovariectomised SCID C57B1/6 mice. However, improvements to vitrification protocols for agouti ovarian tissue are necessary.
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Lanna, L. L., A. P. Marques Jr., and R. H. Douglas. "Effect of deslorelin on the induction of estrus in anestrous bitches." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, no. 3 (June 2010): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352010000300017.
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The efficacy of one or multiple doses of an injectable formulation of deslorelin (a GnRH agonist) was evaluated to induce estrus in anestrous bitches. Thirteen animals composed three groups: group 1 (n=5, single IM injection of 2mg deslorelin), group 2 (n=5, four IM injections of 2mg deslorelin in alternate days), and control group (n=3, four IM saline injections in alternate days). Daily clinical evaluations, sexual behavior, vaginal cytology, plasma progesterone concentration, ovaryhysterectomy and macroscopic evaluation of the uterus and ovaries were done. In group 1, none of the bitches showed signs of estrus, while two developed clinical signs and vaginal cytology of proestrus. In group 2, all animals presented proestrus, four presented estrus, and three ovulated; resulting in a functional corpus luteum and high progesterone concentration until day 25 of diestrus, when ovaryhysterectomy was performed. The duration of the stages of deslorelin induced cycles and the progesterone profile were similar to those described in the literature, and no side effects were observed. In conclusion, injectable formulation of deslorelin in multiple injections was effective to induce fertile estrus in anestrous bitches.
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Revunets, A. S., and S. B. Zarembliuk. "Cytology of smears of prints with symptomatic forms of infertility in cows." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 99 (October 28, 2020): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9926.
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Many works of domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to the study of etiological factors, pathogenesis, as well as the development of effective methods of diagnosis and therapy for symptomatic infertility of cows, however, insufficient attention is paid to cytological examination of the genital organs.So the goal of our work was to study the cytology of vaginal mucus at the symptomatic form of infertility of cows. The article presents the cytological composition of vaginal mucus from the mucous membrane of the caudal section of the cervix, the lateral surface of the vagina and the dorsal wall of the vaginal vestibule. Research was carried out with 5 groups of cows 4–5 years old cows 6 animals in each, weighing 500–600 kg, with an average productivity of 7500 kg of milk per lactation. The tests were cows were on the 18–24 day after insemination and during the sexual cycle braking, research of the joint course of uterus and hypotension of the ovarian, the presence of persistent corpus luteum and subclinical chronic endometritis, cysts and persistent corpus luteum of the ovarian body. For sub-clinical chronic endometritis, basal cells (32–41 %) are found in wet prep with vaginal mucosa, which are arranged in layers, parabasal (22–6 %) and superficial (5–21 %), but more interstitial (37–66 %), and bare neutrophil nuclei. According to hypofunction of ovaries in vaginal smears, neutrophils, vacuoles in interstitial cell nuclei (44–56 %), basophilic cells (30–43 %), superficial cells (20–21 %), parabasal cells (3–6 %). Basal cell hypofusions were (3–43%), parabasal (3–6 %), interstitial (44–56 %), superficial (20–21 %), and bilateral (12–26 %) (4–5 %) (36–55 %) and (30–33 %). It should be noted that for the functional state of the body, the cells from the cervix are flat. In addition, the drug contains single white blood cells with light cytoplasm without signs of phagocytosis. They are structurally similar to cells of vaginal smear. During the esrtus, the smear is dominated by interstitial and surface cells and white cells, and in the follicular proliferative phase, the number of surface cells increases, while the ovulator phase is characterized by the pronounced maturation of the cells, they are flat and spaced apart.
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Salehi, Reza, Marcos G. Colazo, Mohanathas Gobikrushanth, Urmila Basu, and Divakar J. Ambrose. "Effects of prepartum oilseed supplements on subclinical endometritis, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in endometrial cells and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 4 (2017): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15334.
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Postpartum uterine infections affect ovarian function and delay ovulation in cattle. As dietary fats can affect immune cell function, we investigated the influence of prepartum diets on postpartum uterine inflammatory status (UIS) as assessed 25 ± 1 days postpartum by endometrial cytology (normal: ≤8% polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) vs subclinical endometritis (SCE): >8% PMN) and associations between SCE, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ovarian function. During the last 5 weeks of gestation, dairy cows received a diet supplemented with 8% rolled sunflower (n = 10) or canola seed (n = 9) or no oilseed (n = 9). Ovaries were scanned until 35 days postpartum. Prepartum diets did not influence SCE, but a preovulatory-size follicle developed sooner (P ≤ 0.05), the interval to first ovulation was shorter and the proportion of cows ovulating within 35 days postpartum was greater in the sunflower seed group. Although mRNA expression of cytokines was not affected by diet, cows with SCE had higher (P ≤ 0.05) expression of interleukin-1β (IL1B), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), IL10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) than normal cows. The interval (mean ± s.e.m.) from calving to preovulatory-size follicle was shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in normal (13.2 ± 0.9 days) than SCE cows (18.7 ± 1.4 days). In summary, a prepartum diet supplemented with sunflower seed positively influenced postpartum ovarian function without affecting UIS or pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cells.
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Tanyapanyachon, P., O. Amelkina, and K. Chatdarong. "107 Localization of Kisspeptin Immunoreactivity in the Cat Ovary on Different Reproductive Stages." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab107.
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Kisspeptin (Kp) is considered one of the main regulators of the reproductive axis, exerting its effects via stimulating GnRH expression in the hypothalamus. Apart from its central localization in the hypothalamus, the presence of Kp has been reported in the ovary, with possible local function. To date, very little is known about the ovarian Kp in the domestic cat. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the presence and localization of Kp at different reproductive stages in domestic cat ovaries. Twenty ovaries were collected from free-ranging domestic cats (body weight 2.7–4.5 kg) after routine ovariohysterectomy. Reproductive stages were classified by ovarian gross morphology, vaginal cytology, and blood progesterone level. Ovarian samples were grouped into inactive (n = 6), follicular (n = 8), and luteal stages (n = 6). Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed routinely. Immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal rabbit Kp-10 primary antibody (AB9754; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) at 1:500 at 4°C overnight. Immunoreactive cells were identified by avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. Rat hypothalamic tissue was used as a positive control. Primary antibody was substituted with PBS and normal rabbit IgG as the negative and isotypic negative controls, respectively. In addition, primary antibody was incubated with metastin overnight and applied for preabsorption test. Negative, isotypic negative, and preabsorption tests showed no staining. Immunoreactive Kp was detected in the ovaries of all reproductive stages with no obvious changes in localization or intensity of staining between stages. Kisspeptin was present in the cytoplasm of oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells of preantral (primordial, primary, and secondary) follicles and antral follicles. Interestingly, in most follicles, Kp staining was more prominent in theca cells and oocytes compared with granulosa cells. In corpus luteum, Kp was localised in the cytoplasm of luteal cells, with more intense staining on the periphery of corpus luteum compared with the middle in 3 luteal samples, whereas the rest of the samples demonstrated homogeneous staining distribution. Apart from oocytes and steroidogenic cells, Kp was also present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ovarian surface epithelium. Our study for the first time demonstrated the presence and localization of Kp in the ovary of the domestic cats. The localization of Kp in the cat oocyte is similar to previous reports on hamsters and dogs, indicating a possible function in oocyte development. The staining in steroidogenic cells, mainly theca cells and luteal cells, is in good agreement with studies on hamsters, rats, humans, and marmosets, suggesting the possible local involvement of Kp in steroidogenesis. In addition, Kp staining in the ovarian surface epithelium suggests a possible role in the ovarian remodeling after ovulatory defects, as reported in humans and marmosets. This research was funded by the RGJ PhD program PHD/01882556; RG 7/2559.
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Aditi, Dr Sneha, Dr Aysha Femy, and Dr Siddhart Bishwas. "Sister Mary Joseph’s Nodule: A Rare Cytological Presentation Post Gallbladder Surgery." SAS Journal of Surgery 7, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2021.v07i06.004.
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Umbilicus is a rare focus of cutaneous metastasis. It is called as Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule (SMJN), and is associated with critical prognosis. The most frequent primary malignancies are stomach, colon and pancreas in males, ovaries and endometrium in females. Neoplasm of gallbladder with SMJN is a rare presentation. We present a case report of an elderly male, who presented with umbilical metastasis (SMJN) on non-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). On subsequent work-up through previous slides and further radiological studies, this case was later diagnosed as primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma, which is now presenting with multiple liver metastasis and SMJN. This case report suggests the poor prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma and the unusual presentation of SMJN in gallbladder cancer.
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Giulianini, Piero Giulio, Angelo Di Marcotullio, Enrico A. Ferrero, and Robert A. Patzner. "Light microscopical and ultrastructural cytology of the ovaries in the sea‐grass gobyZosterisessor ophiocephalus(Osteichthyes, Gobiidae)." Bolletino di zoologia 61, no. 2 (January 1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009409355872.
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FUJIMOTO, Ikuno, Munemasa KAKU, Yasuo HIRAI, Tetsuro HAMADA, Katsuhiko HASUMI, Kazumasa MASUBUCHI, Koichi FUKUDA, et al. "A study of prognostic value of cytologic examination in patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries. With special reference to the peritoneal cytology." Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology 26, no. 4 (1987): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5795/jjscc.26.515.
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Chotimanukul, Sroisuda, Sandra Goericke-Pesch, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Jinda Singlor, Ekkaphot Sangkrachang, Padet Tummaruk, and Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan. "Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Estrous Monitoring of GnRH Agonist Deslorelin-Induced Estrus in Bitches: A Pilot Study." Animals 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020258.
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This study was performed to monitor estrous patterns and, more importantly, changes in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations during the peri-ovulatory period in deslorelin-induced estrous bitches. Healthy anestrous bitches (n = 4) were used. Estrus and ovulation were monitored after deslorelin implantation. Blood samples were collected for analysis of progesterone, estradiol-17ß and AMH concentrations before implantation (day 0) and on days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 after implantation. Six days following treatment, all bitches showed estrus signs. Ovulation took place between days 12 and 15. Circulating AMH concentrations varied among bitches from 0.12 to 3.08 ng/mL. However, no significant differences in AMH levels (mean ± SD) were observed between day 0 and days following post-implantation (p > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between AMH and estradiol or AMH and progesterone (p > 0.05). Ultrasonographically, the number of clearly identifiable ovarian follicles was higher before ovulation and the area of ovaries increased after ovulation (p < 0.05). Except for AMH, changes in vaginal cytology, estradiol-17ß and progesterone levels observed in our study were similar to naturally occurring estrus. Large intra- and inter-individual variation in AMH were observed suggesting that AMH is currently not suitable as a canine fertility marker to monitor ovarian response to deslorelin treatment for estrus induction.
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Hussain, Liaqat, Noor Aamir, Musaddique Hussain, Muhammad Asif, Zunera Chauhdary, Faiza Manzoor, Rida Siddique, and Muhammad Riaz. "Therapeutic Investigation of Standardized Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) for Its Potential against Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Experimental Animals’ Model: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5143653.
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an heterogenous, endocrine, metabolic, and multidisciplinary disorder of reproductive-aged females that aggravates insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, obesity, menstrual irregularities, and infertility. Bitter melon is consumed as vegetable in various parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to provide the rationale for the folkloric uses of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) in reproductive abnormalities. HPLC analysis of standardized aqueous methanolic extract of bitter melon revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as quercetin, gallic acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid. Twenty-five Swiss albino adult female rats (120–130 g) were acquired and divided into two groups (5 + 20). Letrozole (1 mg/kg p.o.) was used for four weeks to induce PCOS in twenty rats. Disease induction was confirmed by vaginal smear cytology analysis under the microscope. Animals were further divided into four groups, with one group as PCOS group, and the remaining three are treated with standardized extract of bitter melon (500 mg/kg p.o.), bitter melon plus metformin (500 mg/kg p.o.), and metformin alone for the period of next four weeks. After four weeks, the rats were euthanized at diestrus stage. Ovaries of the experimental animals were removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and blood samples were obtained from direct cardiac puncture and stored. Ovaries histopathological analysis showed cystic follicles (9–10) in PCOS group, while, in all the treatment groups, we found developing and mature follicles. Similarly, hormone analysis showed significant ( p < 0.001 ) reduction of LH surge, insulin, and testosterone levels and improvement in FSH levels. Lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes status were also significantly ( p < 0.001 ) improved. In conclusion, the study validates the bitter melon potential as an insulin sensitizer and ovulation enhancer and authenticates its potential in PCOS management.
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Terazono, T., V. V. Luu, L. T. K. Do, M. Taniguchi, M. Takagi, and T. Otoi. "183 ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MONITORING OF CANINE OVARIES CLAMPED AT SUBCUTANEOUS SITE AFTER FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE TREATMENT." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab183.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone can induce oestrus in bitches, but few reports describe oestrous induction by FSH because pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) has been more successful than FSH for oestrus induction. Real-time ultrasonography can show canine ovarian follicle development, but no method can determine or predict ovulation accurately. Moreover, the ovary location and size complicate imaging. Using ultrasonography, we investigated FSH treatment stimulation of canine ovary follicles, with clamping of the ovaries at a subcutaneous site. Bilateral malacotomy of four 5-year-old Beagle bitches (mean weight 10.3 ± 2.0 kg) with normal oestrous cycles was done using a ventral flank abdominal approach with routine techniques and materials. Each ovary that maintained blood circulation from the suspensory ligament was clamped at a subcutaneous site through muscles of the abdomen. After about six months of bilateral malacotomy, four bitches at the anestrous (two bitches) and diestrous (two bitches) stages of the oestrous cycle were given 0.5 Armour units of FSH twice daily for 5 days. Examinations with ovarian ultrasonography with 7.5 MHz sector transducer, vaginal cytology, and serum concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol were performed daily from the day before the start of FSH treatment through 7 days after FSH treatment. After 15 days of ovarian examination, each bitch received the same FSH treatment twice continually at 15-day intervals. No serosanguineous vaginal discharge was observed during the ovarian examination. The concentrations of progesterone (<0.045–9.6 ng mL–1) and oestradiol (<9.7–81.4 pg mL–1) varied through all treatments. Comparison of the concentrations of progesterone (<0.045–7.6 ng mL–1) and oestradiol (<9.7–30.3 pg mL–1) at the start of FSH administration in each trial revealed that elevated concentrations of both progesterone and oestradiol were observed in the first treatment in 3 bitches. Regarding the second and third treatments, no elevation of concentration was found for progesterone or oestradiol. A new follicular growth was observed in 1 animal after the third FSH treatment, but no follicular growth was found for the other animals. No correlation was found between follicular development and the profile of either progesterone or oestradiol. Ultrasonography proved that FSH stimulation alone cannot induce follicular growth by a single treatment, but it might increase the levels of progesterone and oestradiol, which are not correlated with follicular development and oestrous cycles at the start of FSH treatment.
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MARINO, G., M. QUARTUCCIO, A. SFACTERIA, S. CRISTARELLA, and A. ZANGHÌ. "Complete vaginal stenosis and hematocolpus in two bitches with a history of GnRH treatment to postpone puberty." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 70, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.22243.
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Two mixed-breed bitches (18 and 19 months), that had been treated, one year before, with deslorelin acetate implant to postpone puberty, were hospitalized and monitored during their first heat. The heat was presumed by the owners, that observed vulvar swelling in both cases but no vulvar bloody discharge. The following diagnostic procedures were employed: physical genital tract examination, vaginoscopy, vaginal cytology, endocrine assay, ultrasound and X-ray using vaginal infusion of iodum and pneumobladder as positive and negative contrasts. In bitch 1, vaginal cytology and progesterone levels confirmed the presence of an ovulatory “dry” oestrus, without cytological presence of red blood cells, progressing to dioestrus. Ultrasound showed preovulatory follicles and, in the following days, transition to corpora lutea. The caudal abdomen presented a large ovoid cystic structure filled with echoic fluid, next to the bladder. Radiographic scans demonstrated a normal bladder profile, while the contrast medium failed to enter into the cranial vagina. On the basis of these findings, the bitch 1 was submitted to laparotomy 10 days after the end of oestrus. A vaginal dilatation (10x5 cm), from which brown fluid was aspirated, was found and resected together with uterus and ovaries. Bitch 2 had the same diagnostic route and findings, but she was laparotomized 3 months after the heat. During this period no spontaneous regression of the lesion was observed. At laparotomy, the vaginal dilatation (8x4 cm) was only aspirated and the bitch regularly neutered. In both cases, cytology of the fluid taken from the vaginal sac revealed superficial epithelial cells and abundant degenerate red blood cells. Histology (bitch 1) confirmed the vaginal origin of the dilatation and revealed an additional Gärtner duct cyst. The abnormality (hematocolpus) probably originated by an inadequate drainage of proestrous bloody discharge because of a severe vaginal stenosis. A congenital origin of the lesion was unlikely; it was strongly suspected that the treatment of the prepubertal bitches interfered, by an irreversible way, with the normal development of the vagina.
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Nair, Dhanya Venugopalan, M. Usha Rani, A. Gopala Reddy, B. Kala Kumar, M. Anudeep Reddy, M. Lakshman, and U. Rajkumar. "Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and omega-3 fatty acids against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in rats." January-2020 13, no. 1 (2020): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.188-196.
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Background and Aim: Cyclophosphamide therapy is known to be associated with the risk of female infertility as a result of ovarian toxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 fatty acids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of alpha-LA, omega-3 fatty acids, and its combination against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were equally divided into Groups I, II, III, IV, and V. Group I was normal control, wherein the rats were fed with normal feed and water ad libitum. Group II served as cyclophosphamide-induced group, wherein the rats were injected with cyclophosphamide at 75 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route once a week to induce ovarian toxicity. Groups III and IV were treated with alpha-LA at the rate of 25 mg/kg and omega-3 fatty acids at the rate of 400 mg/kg, respectively, in parallel to cyclophosphamide induction as in Group II. Group V animals were coadministered with alpha-LA (25 mg/kg) and omega-3 fatty acids (400 mg/kg) along with cyclophosphamide induction as in Group II. The respective treatments were administered daily through oral route for a period of 30 days. Regularity of estrous cycle was evaluated by vaginal cytology. Post-treatment period, the animals were humanely sacrificed, and the blood samples were subjected to the estimation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen. The ovarian tissue was weighed and subjected to histopathology, transmission electron microscopy, estimation of decreased glutathione (GSH), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Results: Rats treated with cyclophosphamide alone manifested irregularity in estrous cycle, increased FSH, and reduced estrogen levels. The ovaries showed decreased GSH and increased TNF-alpha concentrations. Histopathological and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the ovarian follicles revealed degenerative changes. Administration of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids as well as the combination of both the treatments demonstrated significant normalization of the estrous cycle and antioxidant defense mechanism as well as ameliorated the hormonal profile and histological architecture of the ovarian follicles. However, appreciable synergistic efficacy of the combination therapy (alpha-LA+omega-3 fatty acids) with respect to the monotherapies was not observed in the present study. Conclusion: The efficacy of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids against cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian toxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that prevented the oxidative damage to the ovaries caused by cyclophosphamide. Hence, our findings suggest that dietary supplementation of alpha-LA and omega-3 fatty acids in women receiving cyclophosphamide therapy could carry potential benefits in preventing cyclophosphamide-induced infertility in childbearing women.
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Smiljakovic, T., V. Poleksic, M. M. Petrovic, S. Pejcic, S. Trenkovski, Lj Stojanovic, and H. Alm. "Study of the morphology of ovary and cytology of oocyte as basis for establishing methods IVM, IVF and embryo transfer." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701243s.
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In three types of domestic animals: cattle, pigs and sheep, morphology of ovary was studied. Results such as differences in shape, size within and between species, number of follicles in maturation, changes in sex cycle, connection of follicles in maturation are presented in figures. By method of aspiration, oocytes were isolated from ovaries and their cytology analyzed as the first step in methods of in vitro maturation (IVM), followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. These methods are wide spread in modern livestock production (cattle, horses) since they have many advantages of which the most important is to obtain more offspring from high quality female heads. Method has disadvantage: potential diminishing of biodiversity, therefore special attention is necessary in order not to endanger biodiversity and still get more offspring with high production abilities and traits. IVM, IVF and embryo transfer represent new approach to selection, fast and with similar effect like in conventional artificial insemination, therefore they should be applied in practice also in our country.
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Rawal, Gireesha, Sufian Zaheer, Amit Kumar Yadav, Neelam Sahani, and Indrani Dhawan. "Synchronous mucinous cystadenoma ovary, leiomyoma uterus and mucinous adenocarcinoma cervix infiltrating into uterine leiomyoma: a rare case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173513.
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The overall incidence of synchronous female genital tract malignancies is 0.63%. The most frequently observed synchronous neoplasms are those of the ovary together with the endometrium. Cervical and ovarian malignancies are exceedingly rare. We present the case of a female patient who complained of abdominal distention and pain abdomen. A cervical pap smear was performed, and it showed inflammation and atrophic changes. USG abdomen revealed findings consistent with pyometra. Repeated dilatation and curretage for resolving the pyometra was attempted, but it yielded mucinous fluid only. Another USG abdomen was done, which showed a cervical growth. The patient was taken up for staging laparotomy. Per operatively, no growth could be identified in the cervix. However, dense adhesions of the cervix with the bladder were present. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy specimen was sent for intraoperative cytology, and showed mucinous cystadenoma, ovary. Further, the completion total hysterectomy specimen was sent for histopathology. Sections showed adenocarcinoma, cervix and leiomyoma, uterus. The cervical adenocarcinoma showed infiltration into the uterine leiomyoma. Thus, we document a very rare case involving a patient who presented with three coexistent tumours involving bilateral ovaries and uterus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the combination. Accurate diagnosis as separate independent primary tumours or as primary tumour associated with its metastasis, and identification the site of origin in secondary tumours has important prognostic implications and is necessary for appropriate staging and treatment.
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Younas, Anam, Liaqat Hussain, Arham Shabbir, Muhammad Asif, Musaddique Hussain, and Faiza Manzoor. "Effects of Fagonia indica on Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Young Adult Female Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 26, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1397060.
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a multidisciplinary endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women that provokes insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and menstrual complications. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica in letrozole-induced PCOS young adult female rats. HPLC was carried out to find the phenolic and flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica. Twenty-five female rats were taken and initially divided into two groups: group I (control group) and group II (PCOS group). PCOS was induced by letrozole given orally by gavage. Body weight was recorded weekly and vaginal cytology was analyzed daily. After induction of disease, the PCOS group is further divided into four groups (n = 5): group II (positive control with PCOS), group III (metformin 20 mg/kg treated group), group IV (ethanolic extract of Fagonia indica 500 mg/kg treated group), and group V (metformin plus Fagonia extract). At the end of experimental period, the blood sample of each rat was collected and serum was separated by centrifugation. Afterwards hormonal analysis, lipid profile and liver functioning tests were performed. Ovaries were removed and preserved for histopathological findings while the liver of each rat was stored for the determination of antioxidant potential assessment. Fagonia indica was found to possess quercetin as one of the major flavonoid phytoconstituents. The plant extract exhibited its beneficial effects by restoring hormonal balance, lipid profile, and liver functioning markers. Treatment with F. indica reduced body weight, resolved ovarian cysts, and showed positive effects on follicular growth. Treatment with plant also increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes. This study validates the potential of Fagonia indica for the amelioration of metabolic, as well as, hormonal disturbances that occurred in PCOS.
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Oh, Hyun Ju, Yuda Heru Fibrianto, Min Kyu Kim, Goo Jang, M. Shamim Hossein, Hye Jin Kim, Sung Keun Kang, Byeong Chun Lee, and Woo Suk Hwang. "Effects of canine serum collected from dogs at different estrous cycle stages on in vitro nuclear maturation of canine oocytes." Zygote 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199405003242.
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Canine oocytes are ovulated at prophase of the first meiotic division and undergo maturation in the distal part of the oviduct for at least 48–72 h. Because of these differences from other domestic mammals, the efficiency of in vitro maturation (IVM) of canine oocyte is very low. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of canine serum on IVM of canine oocytes recovered from ovaries in various reproductive states (follicular, luteal or anestrous stages). Oocytes were recovered by mincing ovaries from bitches presented for ovariohysterectomy at various stages of the estrous cycle. Heat-inactivated canine serum was prepared with blood taken from dogs at the anestrous, estrous or diestrous stage of the estrous cycle as determined by progesterone concentration and vaginal cytology. Oocytes were cultured for 72 h in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% canine anestrous, estrous or diestrous serum or fetal bovine serum (FBS) (experiment 1), or supplemented with 0 (control), 5%, 10% or 20% canine estrous serum (experiment 2). In experiment 1, IVM of oocytes collected at the follicular stage of the estrous cycle to metaphase II (MII) stage was higher (p < 0.05) with canine estrous serum (14.2%) than with canine anestrous (5.2%) or diestrous serum (6.3%), FBS (2.2%) or in the control (2.2%). In experiment 2, oocytes collected at the follicular stage of the estrous cycle cultured in TCM-199 with 10% canine estrous serum showed a higher maturation rate to MII stage (13.5%, p < 0.05) compared with those cultured with 5% (1.3% MII) or 20% canine estrous serum (5.1% MII) or the control (2.7% MII). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that supplementing culture medium with 10% canine estrous serum improves IVM of canine follicular stage oocytes.
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Mecherouk, C., N. Mimoune, N. Saadallah, A. E. Mecherouk, D. Khelef, and R. Kaidi. "Epidemiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical profile of ovarian tumors in women in the North-Central Algeria." Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (2022): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31549/2542-1174-2022-6-3-23-41.
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Introduction. Ovarian tumors (OT) are the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. Aim. Studying of epidemiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical profile of OT in the North-Central region of Algeria. Materials and methods. An epidemiological and histopathological analysis of OT that were diagnosed over a period of 32 months from January 2018 to August 2020 in Algiers was carried out. It grouped all the histologically confirmed cases in the Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Department of the Hussein Dey Hospital during the study period. Through this work, we collected 110 cases of OT. Among this total, 26 cases (23.63%) were represented by functional cysts and 7 cases (6.36%) by borderline epithelial tumors excluded from our work. Only OT (benign and malignant) were studied. On the epidemiological level, we were interested in the age factors and distribution by year of study, and on the anatomopathological level, we dealt with the topography, macroscopic and histological aspects of these tumors. Results. An average age of the patients with OT was 39.99 years, with extremes of 16 years and 88 years, and the most affected age was that of 15–30 years with 29 cases. Both ovaries were affected in 4.47% of cases. The study revealed that 79% of OT were benign, and epithelial tumors were more frequent (69% of cases). In this type, serous cystadenoma was most common among benign epithelial tumors (70.45%), and cystadenocarcinoma was most dominant among malignant epithelial tumors (80%). Mature teratoma represented 85.71% of germ cell tumors in our series, and fibrothecoma represented 55.55% of sex cord-stromal tumors cases. The latter predominated in older patients (46–60 years. Conclusion. The authors recommend to broaden this study over several hospital structures with the inclusion of other parameters for a better understanding and determining the criteria of this disease.
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Orellana-Guerrero, D., E. Santos-Villanueva, S. Koshak, A. De La Fuente, and G. Dujovne. "124 Effect of transvaginal oocyte aspiration on equine blood and peritoneal fluid parameters." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab124.
Full textAbstract:
Transvaginal aspiration of oocytes (TVA) in the equine industry has gained more relevance and become a valuable technique to produce offspring from subfertile mares. TVA is a semi-invasive procedure and requires handling the ovaries transrectally to position them closely to an ultrasound probe located in the mare’s vagina. Once the ovary lies in close apposition to the ultrasound probe, a 12G needle is inserted through the needle guide, puncturing, aspirating, and scraping each follicle to recover the oocyte. Potential complications described include rectal tears, puncturing of blood vessels, ovarian abscesses, and peritonitis. Occasionally, problems occur after uneventful procedures, such as colic, peritonitis, pain, and anorexia. However, the source of these complications is not fully known. We hypothesize that blood and peritoneal fluid parameters would differ pre- and post-TVA in mares. A few reports provide some parameters after TVA (e.g. peritoneal protein, neutrophils, nucleated cells) without reference to pre-TVA values. These studies have not identified an effect in peritoneal fluid variables due to multiple abdominocenteses. Therefore, our aim was to analyse blood and peritoneal fluid in mares pre- and post-TVA, and to identify changes in parameters of the procedure (duration, number of pokes, number of follicles) and the mares’ clinical responses. Ten healthy mares were selected to undergo the procedure. Thirty minutes before starting TVA, a blood sample was drawn for complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry, and abdominocentesis was performed to obtain abdominal fluid and assess the cytology. This same protocol was repeated 24 hours after TVA. Physical exams were performed pre- and post-TVA. Paired t-tests were used to identify differences between groups (pre- and post-TVA). Spearman correlations (ρ) were used to assess the relationship between variables. There was a significant increase in peritoneal lactate (5.65-fold), peritoneal total protein (2.4-fold), and total nucleated cells (46-fold) between pre- and post-samples. These parameters were not associated with operator, number of times the needle was introduced into the ovaries, or number of aspirated follicles. The remaining parameters evaluated in CBC and blood chemistry did not differ. A positive correlation between total peritoneal protein and blood albumin was found post-TVA (ρ=0.72, P=0.01) but not pre-TVA (ρ=−0.1, P=0.65), suggesting an increase in protein level due to bleeding. Clinically, 9 mares were healthy throughout the study except one that presented signs of pain (facial grimace, anorexia, hyperthermia) the day following TVA. In conclusion, we showed changes in the peritoneal fluid during uneventful TVA procedures. The information provided by this research gives further insight into changes potentially caused by a TVA in abdominal fluid parameters. Further studies are necessary to determine expected standards and the duration of the changes after TVA.
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Orellana-Guerrero, D., E. Santos-Villanueva, S. Koshak, A. De La Fuente, and G. Dujovne. "124 Effect of transvaginal oocyte aspiration on equine blood and peritoneal fluid parameters." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab124.
Full textAbstract:
Transvaginal aspiration of oocytes (TVA) in the equine industry has gained more relevance and become a valuable technique to produce offspring from subfertile mares. TVA is a semi-invasive procedure and requires handling the ovaries transrectally to position them closely to an ultrasound probe located in the mare’s vagina. Once the ovary lies in close apposition to the ultrasound probe, a 12G needle is inserted through the needle guide, puncturing, aspirating, and scraping each follicle to recover the oocyte. Potential complications described include rectal tears, puncturing of blood vessels, ovarian abscesses, and peritonitis. Occasionally, problems occur after uneventful procedures, such as colic, peritonitis, pain, and anorexia. However, the source of these complications is not fully known. We hypothesize that blood and peritoneal fluid parameters would differ pre- and post-TVA in mares. A few reports provide some parameters after TVA (e.g. peritoneal protein, neutrophils, nucleated cells) without reference to pre-TVA values. These studies have not identified an effect in peritoneal fluid variables due to multiple abdominocenteses. Therefore, our aim was to analyse blood and peritoneal fluid in mares pre- and post-TVA, and to identify changes in parameters of the procedure (duration, number of pokes, number of follicles) and the mares’ clinical responses. Ten healthy mares were selected to undergo the procedure. Thirty minutes before starting TVA, a blood sample was drawn for complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry, and abdominocentesis was performed to obtain abdominal fluid and assess the cytology. This same protocol was repeated 24 hours after TVA. Physical exams were performed pre- and post-TVA. Paired t-tests were used to identify differences between groups (pre- and post-TVA). Spearman correlations (ρ) were used to assess the relationship between variables. There was a significant increase in peritoneal lactate (5.65-fold), peritoneal total protein (2.4-fold), and total nucleated cells (46-fold) between pre- and post-samples. These parameters were not associated with operator, number of times the needle was introduced into the ovaries, or number of aspirated follicles. The remaining parameters evaluated in CBC and blood chemistry did not differ. A positive correlation between total peritoneal protein and blood albumin was found post-TVA (ρ=0.72, P=0.01) but not pre-TVA (ρ=−0.1, P=0.65), suggesting an increase in protein level due to bleeding. Clinically, 9 mares were healthy throughout the study except one that presented signs of pain (facial grimace, anorexia, hyperthermia) the day following TVA. In conclusion, we showed changes in the peritoneal fluid during uneventful TVA procedures. The information provided by this research gives further insight into changes potentially caused by a TVA in abdominal fluid parameters. Further studies are necessary to determine expected standards and the duration of the changes after TVA.
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Permi, Harish S., Shetty K. Padma, Supriya Rai, Lakshmi Manjeera, Neetha Poojary, and Teerthanath S. "AN UNUSUAL CYTOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE OF VIRILISING OVARIAN SERTOU-LEYDIG CELL TUMOR - A RARE CASE REPORT." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 01 (March 2013): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703636.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSertoli-Leydig cell tumor of ovary is a gonadal tumour of the sex cord-stromal type. It is a rare tumor comprising 0.1 to 0.5% of all ovarian tumours. Peritoneal cytology has been well established as a diagnostic and staging tool in the management of the common epithelial tumours of ovary. Germ cell, mesenchymal, and sex-cord stromal tumours are much less frequently encountered in peritoneal specimens, often with cytologic features that may pose diagnostic difficulty and dilemma. We report a case of peritoneal fluid cytology of sertoli leydig cell tumor of ovary in a 20 year old female who presented with virilising symptoms. On removal of ovarian tumor, her virilising symptoms regressed, with regaining of menstruation.
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Holumbiovska, T. V., and V. Y. Stefanyk. "Disorders of reproductive function in female dogs and methods of diagnostic." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (March 2, 2018): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8376.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, small animals veterinary medicine in Ukraine has undergone significant development and change. The increase of issue of breeding, obtain healthy offspring leads to magnificatition disorders of reproduction function in dogs. Therefore, the development of modern methods for diagnosis of reproductive system diseases and correction of reproductive function in dogs is important. Infertility is a temporary or prolonged loss of reproductive capacity by the female dogs as a result of various factors inborn or acquired in the process of life. Disorders of reproduction function caused by different etiologic factors. The main reasons can be conventionally divided into problems associated with dogs, infertility in females (disorders of estrous cycle) and infertility with physiological estrous cycle. The infertility includes disorders that are characterized by absence of estrous and prolonged proestrous / estrus and decreasing period between estrous. Other causes disorders of reproduction function are: incorrect insemination, stress, disease of uterus, disease of ovaries, infectional disease (Brucella canis, Herpes virus canis, other infectional disease), idiopathic infertility. Gynecological examination in female dogs aimed to identifying the causes of infertility should be carried out according to the established scheme, which includes the collection of anamnesis, examination, and laboratory studies. The main methods of research to determine the causes of infertility are: vaginal secretions, vaginoscopy, vaginal cytology, microbiological studies, radiography, hysteroscopy, hysterography, ultrasound examination of the uterus determination of the concentration of sex hormones in the blood.
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Dmytryshyn, O. L., and V. Yu Stefanyk. "Influence of some etiological factors on development of gynecological patholo-gy and infertility of cats." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 94 (July 30, 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9412.
Full textAbstract:
The article provides an overview of professional literature on reproductive studies of cats, the definition of the main factors influencing the development of infertility in cats: hormonal changes, lack of sufficient stimulus during pairing, leading to ovulation, inability to fuse, ovarian cyst, chronic inflammatory processes in reproductive organs systems, infections, some parasites or the simplest, hereditary problems, including chromosomal abnormalities (genetic or congenital defects such as pseudoharmophioditis, true hermaphroditism, mosaicism, infantilism, freemantry) described congenital aplasia of the ovaries, trauma affecting the reproductive organs. The conditions of detention that considerably affect the reproductive system are considered. It has been established that insufficient stimulation is one of the most common causes of infertility, which is relevant for cats because they are characterized by induced ovulation. Most animals with an abnormal set of sex chromosomes are infertile, treatment methods have not been developed. Inadequate feeding is perhaps the most important cause of infertility in cats. The connection between lack and (or) excess in the diet of Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine, Cobalt, Cuprum, Manganese, other macro-and micro elements, and inability to reproduce is established. The role of microorganisms in the emergence of infertility of cats of infectious diseases (leukemia, infectious peritonitis, panleukopenia, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis) is considered. Extension of the intraperitoneal period arises from the stage of the anestrus. Such clinical picture is observed in cats older than 8 years with hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, obesity and cachexia, the appointment of drugs with antinuclear activity. Among gynecological diseases in cats, the most common diseases are pyometra, endometritis and vaginitis. It has been established that the most frequently diagnosed diseases of the uterus of female dogs and cats are cystular hyperplasia of the endometrium in combination with the pythometer, data on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is given. The scientific data on the application of ultrasound diagnostics, hormonal level studies, vaginal cytology, the use of hysterosalpingography, x-ray for more accurate diagnostics of causes of infertility of cats are given.
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Зейналов, Орхан, Orhan Zeynalov, Елена Белова, Elena Belova, Сергей Мукасеев, Sergey Mukaseev, Денис Белоглазов, and Denis Beloglazov. "Investigation of the efficacy and safety of a bi-hormonal contraceptive drug in a long-term experiment." Russian veterinary journal 2019, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/article_5d10c406617170.19908645.
Full textAbstract:
The efficacy and safety of the SEX BARRIER, bi-hormonal contraceptive drug, for cats, which was used during more than two years (from June 2016 to November 2018), was investigated.
Materials and methods. The doses of preparation and schemes of its applications (to interrupt and to prevent the heat) were used according the instruction.
In the course of entire study we carried out a constant observation of the heat manifestations, periodically (once every two months) ― the complete clinical examination of animals, the ultrasound procedure of reproductive organs, the vaginal cytology, the clinical and biochemical analyses of the blood, and also the level of sex steroids was determined.
Results. Stable suppression of all signs of estrous behavior in cats treated with the drug was observed, which correspond with the vaginal smears and basal levels of estradiol and progesterone in animals throughout the entire study period, which clearly confirms the high efficacy of the drug. The absence of pathological changes in the structure of the ovaries and uterus according to the results of clinical examinations, data of ultrasonography of the pelvic organs, the stability of the main blood parameters, while maintaining their compliance with the physiological norm during the entire study time, and fast (during 3 ... 4 weeks after stopping long-term use of the drug) recovery of the estrous cycle serves as convincing evidence of the safety of long-term use of the bi-hormonal drug for the correction of sexual function in cats.
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Makarenko, M., D. Govsieiev, O. Gromova, L. Martynova, and O. Tyan. "Features hormonal hemostasis in patients with benign hyper-plastic processes of breasts." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 9(115) (November 30, 2016): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.115.72.
Full textAbstract:
The objective: to study the incidence of gynecological diseases, clinical and hormonal parameters of the menstrual cycle in patients with benign hyper-plastic processes of breasts. Patients and methods. 65 women with various forms of mastitis were investigated. The following investigations were conducted: mammologistic and gynecological investigation, mommologistic X-ray investigation, ultrasound of breasts and of the pelvic organs, endometrial aspiration biopsy that was followed by cytology; when it was necessary the diagnostic laparoscopy, colposcopy, hysteroscope with curettage and morphological investigation of the endometrium, hormone research and rectal temperature measurements were conducted. Results. The frequency of the benign breast diseases was set: fibrocystic disease of breast – 32 women (49.2±6.20%), fibrous of breast – 16 women (24.6±5.34%), nodular of breasts – 8 women (12.3±4.07%), fibroadenoma – 6 women (9.2±3.59%), nodular disease of breasts on the background of fibroid changes – 3 women (4.6±2.60%). All in all, 96.9±2.14% of the patients had any gynecological diseases. Thus, the average age of the ‘debut’ of mastitis was 31.4±1.09 years; the hyper-plastic processes in the uterus was 35.2±1.17 years. Anovulation was detected in 17 (47.2±8.3%) patients, the lack of the luteal phase (NLF) was detected in 11 (30.6±7.6) patients. Conclusions. Identified hormonal changes are typical for patients with the hyper-plastic processes of the reproductive organs with different localization (breasts, uterus, ovaries). Due to the commonality of the hormone changes in most cases mastitis is combined with the various gynecological diseases (96.9±2.14%). Key words: gynecological pathology, hormonal changes, breast, factors of risk.
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Garre, Victoriano, Klaus B. Tenberge, and Rainer Eising. "Secretion of a Fungal Extracellular Catalase by Claviceps purpurea During Infection of Rye: Putative Role in Pathogenicity and Suppression of Host Defense." Phytopathology® 88, no. 8 (August 1998): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.744.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen peroxide of the host origin accumulates in plant apoplasts in response to pathogen attack and probably functions directly in defense reactions or in signaling, according to a previous study. Since Claviceps purpurea produces compatible interactions with hundreds of host species, we hypothesized that the fungus might interfere with H2O2-mediated defense by means of secreted catalases. In axenic culture of C. purpurea, catalase activity accumulated in the medium and was inhibited by the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB)-mediated activity staining showed that one specific catalase found in culture filtrate was also present in rye ovaries infected with C. purpurea and in honeydew. This catalase form is probably induced during infection. In situ activity staining, using DAB-mediated enzyme-cytochemistry in electron microscopy, located catalase activity in hyphal walls during both axenic culture and infection of rye. Activity staining accumulated in periplasmic spaces and was especially strong at hyphal surfaces; control staining after aminotriazole inhibition was negative. Intracellular activity staining in organelles of the fungal secretory pathway substantiated that catalase was secreted by C. purpurea. With molecular cytology, anticatalase epitopes were localized with different heterologous catalase antibodies at sites corresponding to the activity staining pattern. In all infection phases, immunogold labeling indicated that the putative catalase was secreted via multivesicular bodies into the fungal wall and diffused into the host apoplast exclusively at the hostpathogen interface. The secretion of fungal catalase is a novel finding in phytopathology, and we discuss its role in the ubiquitous ergot disease.
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Cimic, Adela, Maria Mironova, Fady Khoury-Collado, and Ziyan Salih. "Cytologic smears improve accuracy of frozen sections of ovarian tumors in the community practice settings." CytoJournal 16 (May 24, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_20_18.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The ovaries can be the site for various primary tumors and also the presenting site of metastatic disease. Quick and correct intraoperative diagnosis is crucial for the patient's further management. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of the combined diagnostic method – ovarian frozen sections in conjunction with cytologic smears. Methods: From June 2016 to June 2017, we prospectively prepared additional two cytologic smears with Diff-Quik stain on ovarian frozen sections comprised of two hematoxylin and eosin sections. For quality assurance purposes, we compared the results of frozen section discrepancies and deferrals with those that of the previous year from June 2015 to June 2016. Results: With the introduction of cytologic smears to ovarian frozen sections, the number of discrepancies and deferrals combined decreased from 13.75% to 7.85%. The most benefit of smears was observed in primary ovarian malignancies. Conclusions: In the setting where all the members of the pathology group render cytologic evaluations routinely, smears play an important complementary role.
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Desportes, Geneviève, Jakob H. Kristensen, Deborah Benham, Sandie Wilson, Trine Jepsen, Bodil Korsgaard, Ursula Siebert, et al. "Multiple insights into the reproductive function of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena): An ongoing study." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 5 (July 1, 2003): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2741.
Full textAbstract:
The harbour porpoises kept at the Fjord & Bælt since April 1997 offer a unique opportunity to gain a better understanding of the reproductive function in harbour porpoises, especially in terms of physiological cycle and concomitant behavioural traits. A study was initiated in 1997 with the following aims: 1) characterising the annual reproductive cycle in terms of behaviour and endocrine activity; 2) finding the most suitable techniques for a longitudinal investigation of the reproductive function, in particular with respect of the small size of the species; 3) ensuring a precise monitoring of the reproductive state of the Fjord & Bælt porpoises; 4) evaluating the best techniques for a vertical assessment of the reproductive state in wild harbour porpoises; 5) providing comparative basis for toxicological studies.Three harbour porpoises have participated in the study: a male and a female estimated 1-2 years old at their arrival at the Centre in 1997, and a one-year old female. The different methods for investigating their reproductive function include techniques not previously used with harbour porpoises, such as behavioural observation, measurement of sexual hormones in blood and other matrices, vaginal cytology, body temperature, and ultrasound scanning of testes and ovaries. These methods are discussed in terms of practicality and invasiveness. Selected examples of the preliminary results obtained are reported.Projects have concentrated on the sexual behaviour of the adult male and female (frequency, initiative, courtship behaviours) and their hormonal correlates, as well as on the interaction of the juvenile with the 2 adult animals. Behavioural sexual activity is very seasonal (peaking at the end of July and August), as is the testosterone cycle (levels increasing from less than 1 ng/ml to 30 ng/ml in May) and the development of the testis (peaking in July-August). Progesterone and oestrogen levels vary between less than 1 to 17 ng/ml and less than 0.1 to 1.8 ng/ml respectively, but infrequent blood sampling precluded obtaining a detailed picture of the ovarian cycle. We are attempting to measure sexual hormones in saliva and eye secretion. Successful matings have been confirmed by the presence of sperm on vaginal smears in 4 consecutive summers, but no pregnancy has occurred yet.
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Kosaka, Nobuaki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Kaori Kiuchi, Shoko Ochiai, Tamiko Nagai, Hiromi Machida, Yasuo Imai, and Ichio Fukasawa. "Cytological Findings of Ascitic Fluid with a Malignant Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review." Acta Cytologica 61, no. 2 (2017): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000458750.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ovarian steroid cell tumors (SCTs) are rare and usually benign, although 25-43% are reportedly malignant. The cytologic findings of these rare ovarian tumors have almost never been reported. Case: We report a rare case of a malignant ovarian SCT with peritoneal dissemination and malignant ascites in a 40-year-old woman. Her tumor was classified as stage IIB (pT2bNoM0) according to the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) classification system, and she was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy following staging laparotomy. Cytology of the ascitic fluid revealed large, polygonal-to-round cells and multinucleated cells with atypia, appearing in clusters with slight overlapping or as isolated tumor cells. Numerous tumor cells had small central round or eccentric nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli, and a moderate-to-abundant amount of cytoplasm, varying from granular and eosinophilic to pale and multivacuolated (foamy), with cannibalism formations. The nuclear chromatin was fine and granular, with irregular distribution and nuclear-membrane thickening. Conclusion: These may be the first reported cytology results for ascites with a malignant SCT. Our patient's cytological ascitic findings, rather than the histopathologic features of the original and disseminated tumors, represent the malignant features of the tumor.
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Fontbonne, Alain. "Infertility In Queens: Clinical approach, experiences and challenges." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221118752.
Full textAbstract:
Clinical challenges: It is not easy for a veterinarian to determine the cause of infertility in a queen. The simplest method is to start by investigating the most common causes and then progress by successive elimination to the less common causes. For example, mating problems are commonly responsible for reproductive failure, and owners should be particularly vigilant in checking that the mating is progressing satisfactorily. Frequently, a veterinarian may have to determine, among other things, if there is a uterine or hormonal disorder or if an infectious pathology may be involved. In the case of a queen that is not cycling, it is important to differentiate a lack of onset of puberty in a young queen from a lack of cyclicity in an adult queen. Aim: This review sets out a practical, step-by-step approach that veterinarians can follow, starting with the most common causes of infertility in queens and moving towards more rare or specific causes. Equipment and technical skills: Simple techniques such as vaginal smears are essential to determine if a queen that is ready to be mated is in full oestrus, if a queen is cycling or not and to diagnose inflammation of the genital tract. Veterinarians should be familiar with the peculiarities of the swabbing technique in cats, as well as the interpretation of feline vaginal cytology. Progesterone assays are useful on many occasions in the diagnosis pathway. A laboratory capable of performing karyotypes should ideally be available. Finally, it is important to be able to perform an ultrasound examination of the ovaries and uterus in a queen. Evidence base: Although it appears that infertility is a problem among purebred queens, there is a lack of knowledge in this area and too few published studies. Some causes of feline infertility remain poorly investigated.
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Ayhan, A., M. Gultekin, C. Taskiran, P. Dursun, P. Firat, G. Bozdag, N. Y. Celik, and K. Yuce. "Ascites and epithelial ovarian cancers: a reappraisal with respect to different aspects." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 17, no. 1 (January 2007): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00777.x.
Full textAbstract:
Ascites is a common finding in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Clinico-pathologic correlations with respect to the presence of ascites, positive cytology and prognostic role of ascites, and the impact of ascitic volumes were not previously studied extensively. A total of 372 patients with EOC were retrospectively evaluated with respect to presence and amount of ascites, cytologic findings, and survival. Two groups were compared by using Chi-square, Student's t and Mann-Whitney U, binary logistic regression, Kaplan Meier and Cox-regression analysis tests, where appropriate. Omental metastasis (P < 0.001; OR: 3.21, 95% CI = 1.945–5.297) and mean number of metastatic lymph nodes (P= 0.008; OR: 1.063, 95% CI = 1.016–1.112) were significantly related with presence of ascites. Evaluation of ascitic volume at different thresholds revealed lymphatic-omental metastasis, and also the disease stage to be significantly different among patient groups at lower threshold values and the positive cytology and high-grade diseases at higher threshold values. In conclusion, presence of ascites correlates with both the intraperitoneal and also the retroperitoneal tumor spread. Amount of ascites has different correlations with the clinico-pathologic factors depending on the thresholds chosen. At lower volumes, lymphatic and omental metastasis seems to correlate with the development of ascites. Once ascites develops, tumor grade seems to be important for larger ascites volumes. Neither the presence of ascites or its volume nor the cytologic positivity was an independent predictor of survival.
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Pinzón-Osorio, C. A., D. Cortes-Beltran, L. M. Jiménez-Robayo, H. Lozano-Márquez, J. Zambrano-Varón, and C. Jimenez-Escobar. "10 Segmental cervical aplasia in a mare with mosaic X-chromosome aneuploidy." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab10.
Full textAbstract:
Segmental cervical aplasia is a congenital Müllerian abnormality characterised by the complete or partial failure of cervical development resulting from abnormal fusion of the Müllerian ducts to the urogenital sinus. In the present case report, we describe a congenital segmental cervical aplasia in a Colombian creole mare. The mare was presented to the Animal Reproduction Clinic of Universidad Nacional de Colombia for diagnosis because the external orifice of her cervix was not detected when a uterine lavage was attempted as a therapy for detectable uterine fluid accumulation. The mare had a history of 20-day oestrous cycles confirmed by receptivity to a mature stallion and had no history of natural service or artificial insemination. A complete breeding soundness evaluation of the mare including transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, vaginoscopy, endoscopy, transvaginal aspiration of the uterine fluid and cytogenetic analysis, and an oestrous cycle follow-up were performed. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the genital tract revealed normal-size ovaries with structures suggestive of regular ovarian activity. Ovulation was confirmed by the formation of a corpus haemorrhagicum followed by a mature corpus luteum in diestrus. In addition, granular free-floating fluid material distending the uterus was detected. Upon vaginal examination, the organ ended in a blind bag with a small papilla with no evident external os cervix. Cytology of the uterine fluid obtained by transvaginal aspiration showed predominant neutrophils with diplococcus bacteria and inflammatory cells compatible with inflammatory content. Cytogenetic analysis of 134 metaphase lymphocytes showed that the mare had an abnormal karyotype [64,XX]/[63,XO]/[65,XXX] with a ratio of 45%, 45%, and 10%, respectively. G- and C-banded analysis was conducted for the X chromosome. Mosaicism of the X chromosome was diagnosed, and the observed congenital segmental cervical aplasia was proposed as the clinical consequence of the mosaicism detected. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this reproductive pathology in a Colombian mare with regular ovarian activity and X chromosome aneuploidy in mosaic form. The cause of the persistently contaminated uterine content in this mare was not clear; it is possible that via the systemic or transcervical route, bacterial contamination could have colonized the uterus, resulting in chronic inflammation and fluid accumulation. This case report demonstrates the importance of performing an adequate routine gynaecological examination in mares to determine their reproductive health. In most cases, the diagnosis of congenital pathologies of the cervix is an incidental finding when performing breeding programs or therapeutic strategies for managing uterine inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis is an important complementary tool for clinical reproductive examination, to accurately identify causes of congenital malformations, and to determine additional causes of reproductive failure in mares.