Journal articles on the topic 'Outstanding Landscapes'
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1
VAN MARREWIJK, DRÉ. "Stedelijk werelderfgoed en de Historic Urban Landscape-benadering in Nederland." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.3.002.marr.
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Urban World Heritage and the Historic Urban Landscape approach in the Netherlands Within the category of cultural landscapes on the UNESCO World Heritage List the ‘continuing urban landscapes’ are a small but interesting group of sites. This group consists of urban and suburban areas (‘urban landscapes’) with outstanding historical and heritage values, while at the same time they are characterized by a high degree of spatial dynamics. Many developments take place that lead to change of the environment. Rio de Janeiro, the mining landscape of Nord-Pas de Calais and the Italian Amalfi coast near Naples are examples of these urban cultural landscapes on the World Heritage List. Next to these sites, there are urban World Heritage sites that formally are no cultural landscapes, but have similar characteristics. Historical city centers of Rome or Bruges, the Amsterdam canal ring or Speicherstadt in Hamburg are comparably stretched out and have comparable values. These sites are confronted with similar challenges with respect to conservation and management of change. The obligation to preserve the outstanding universal value of the site could become under pressure. This surely is the case in some urban and suburban World Heritage sites in the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Amsterdam Canal Ring, Defence Line of Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao. The World Heritage status requires a strict management of the site. UNESCO’S Historic Urban Landscape approach can be helpful to make preservation and development compatible. In this article the opportunities and dilemmas of the HUL and ICOMOS’S role in it are discussed. A stronger emphasize on HUL when reviewing developments in urban World Heritage sites is advocated.
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Lothian, Andrew. "Visual Resource Stewardship—An International Perspective." Land 11, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030451.
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This paper provides an international perspective on visual resource stewardship. It examines the long history of Britain’s love affair with its landscapes and its abandonment of measuring the subjective element of landscape quality, focusing instead on landscape character, which could be objectively assessed. This paper summarises the development of the European Landscape Convention, which has been embraced across much of Europe, and which follows Britain’s emphasis on landscape character. Programs in a range of European countries are reviewed. The recognition of outstanding landscapes under the World Heritage Convention, the UN List of Protected Areas program which includes landscapes, and National Scenic Area programs, are briefly summarised. The key message of this paper is that most of the provisions summarised focus on the character of the landscape and not its quality. Because it has been alleged, particularly in Britain and Europe, that it is too difficult to measure scenic quality, landscape character has become the subject instead of scenic quality.
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Foard, Glenn, and Stephen Rippon. "Managing the historic landscape: The Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Interest in Wales." Landscape History 20, no. 1 (January 1998): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01433768.1998.10594505.
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Elizbarashvili, Nodar, Lado Grigolia, and Gela Sandodze. "Assessment of Ecological Conditions and Potential of Pastures, Meadows and Steppes Landscapes of Georgia." Global Journal Of Botanical Science 10 (December 13, 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-858x.2022.10.06.
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The natural diversity of Georgia is outstanding in the world. This is particularly true with the subtropical and moderate belts of the country presenting over seventy natural landscapes, from humid subtropical or light semiarid forests through moist and Alpine landscapes. Such a variety is the result of several factors, with the following ones being most important: geographical location (location along the border of the tropical and moderate belts), effect of the Black Sea (which never freezes), altitudinal zoning (up to 5200 ml) and several-thousand-year-long history of the economic use of the territory.
The highly diverse landscapes of Georgia complicate the study of the geographical-ecological (geo-ecological) properties of the country. Among such properties, horizontal and vertical structure of landscapes, energy and substance transformation in the landscape (functioning), forms and scales of influence on the landscapes, landscape stability and function, and landscape condition and potential have a particular importance.
The condition of landscapes is determined by the forms and scales of external influence. The character of influence can be considered by the ability of self-regeneration of the landscape structure. It is admitted that if the impact applies to the biologic components only, the landscape preserves the self-generation ability. The self-regeneration mechanism is impossible to maintain if: 1. the influence coincides with or stimulates (increases) the negative natural processes; 2. The basic landscape creator component or relief and climate is under the impact; 3. One ecosystem is changed by another equivalent one.
Potential of landscapes is a spatial-and-time category ensuing from the natural properties of the landscapes, results of anthropogenic impact and kinds and trends of the territory use. In some cases, they attribute the landscape potential to the terms of landscape comfort and quantitative indicators of the landscape structure and components, what gives a too general view of the landscape potential.
Condition and potential of landscapes are important issues of territorial planning, eventually determining the forms of use, protection and sustainable development of pastures, meadows and steep landscapes.
The article evaluates the ecological condition and potential of those landscapes (ecosystems - pastures, meadows and steppes) of Georgia, which are greatly influenced by both human economic activity and climate change trends.
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Bogdanova, M. D., M. I. Gerasimova, and V. A. Snytko. "Traditional approaches and new ideas of Maria Glazovskaya in thematic mapping." Geodesy and Cartography 947, no. 5 (June 20, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-947-5-54-62.
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Professor Maria Glazovskaya (1912–2016) – an outstanding geographer, geochemist and soil scientist, made a prominent contribution to the formation and development of several aspects of thematic mapping both in conceptual and methodological issues. These aspects, namely, soil, landscape- and soil-geochemical, as well as ecological mapping, were derived from the knowledge on soils combined with the concepts of geochemical migrations facilities for certain chemical elements in soils and landscapes. Methodology of compilation of such maps presumes purposeful interpretation of diverse soil and landscape features, their expert evaluation and forecast of response reactions of soils and landscapes to certain technogenic loads. Maria Glazovskaya proposed innovative approaches to thematic mapping enabling her to compile original maps. She introduced the principle of “prognostic information capacity of natural factors”, which means that properties of landscape components contain information appropriate for evaluating the resilience of natural systems. The ideas and methods proposed by Maria Glazovskaya are now implemented in basic and applied thematic mapping.
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Rodríguez Romero, Eva J., Carlota Sáenz De Tejada Granados, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Landscape Perception in Peri-Urban Areas: an Expert-Based Methodological Approach." Landscape Online 75 (October 4, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201975.
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While there is general consensus on the importance of landscape perception in urban studies, there is still a need to broaden the toolkit for researchers and practitioners to document, analyse and interpret these inputs, in line with the postulates of the European Landscape Convention and overcoming conventional formats based on descriptions and static photography. This becomes particularly pertinent in the peri-urban landscapes of large cities, bearers of the relations and contradictions between urban growth, resource consumption and landscape protection, and especially vulnerable to tabula rasa approaches. We case study the surrounding landscapes of Madrid at a metropolitan scale, addressing the gap between scopes and scales of recent landscape reports and focusing on two elements connecting (visually, or physically) the city with its commuting zone: lookouts and roads. An expert-based methodology presents the criteria for their selection and a description of desk and field work. A sample for each local approach is further developed to exemplify the application, combining cartography, 3D modelling, visual basins, on-site photography and interpretive drawings. This results in a multifaceted vision of how the city and its hinterland is perceived, illustrating both outstanding and everyday landscapes and how they interweave in a continuous experience.
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Dharmiasih, Wiwik. "Cultural Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific: Re-focusing UNESCO Designation on Community Participation." Forest and Society 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i2.10028.
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World Heritage Sites, designated by UNESCO, are a growing phenomenon in global governance. Sites are nominated for their Outstanding Universal Values with the objective of protecting against potential threats from man-made or natural causes. This article focuses on one type of recognition, the Cultural Landscape, which is unique because it is a living heritage site. Within Cultural Landscapes, people continue to carry out their lives and livelihoods as part of the site. The aim of this article is to examine the way community participation takes place in the designation of Cultural Landscapes. Findings highlight some ideas for researchers and policymakers to re-examine blind spots relative to community participation and offer some considerations for more meaningfully engaging local voices, particularly with respect to vulnerable populations and generational transition. Overall, research on Cultural Landscapes need not only examine what is being protected, but also must explore the new institutions being established, which can transform sites from within.
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Di Fazio, Salvatore, and Giuseppe Modica. "Historic Rural Landscapes: Sustainable Planning Strategies and Action Criteria. The Italian Experience in the Global and European Context." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113834.
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This paper focuses on the historic and cultural dimension of landscape, in relation to the holistic and dynamic approach today required in landscape research. In this direction, the Authors investigate the present role played by historical rural landscapes in relation to their multifaceted character and function. In recent years there has been an ever-growing appreciation of their cultural value, depending on the differential speed of environmental change (relatively high) and people’s adaptation to it (relatively slow), as a matter of compensation. Although reference is often made to the global and the European contexts, Italy is given special attention, since the long history of civilization known by its rural landscapes makes them particularly worthy of consideration and offers a wide variety of examples assuming a more general interest. The main changes occurred in the Italian rural landscapes over the last two centuries are described by referring to their main causes and to the parallel change observed in the urban-rural dialectic. The notion of “cultural landscape”, as it emerges from the international debate and documents, is applied to historic rural landscapes, according to a varied range of conditions and characteristics. Knowledge, identification, interpretation and characterization are fundamental actions to define sustainable landscape management strategies. These last should be diversified according to landscape character, functionality, integrity and obsolescence, not being limited to outstanding landscapes only but considering all rural landscapes as heritage. To this end, heritage strategies and policies must go together with agricultural sectorial policies, since agriculture and farmers are the major actors of rural landscape protection and transformation. EU Common Agricultural Policy is considered by focusing on its effect on rural landscape and proposals coming from the heritage experts for its future implementation are examined. Emerging strategic measures and action criteria are singled out and presented. In any case, to protect historic rural landscapes, balanced change-dynamics and development vitality should be strengthened if present, introduced if not, so as to assure resilience. Neo-rurality today expresses the search for sustainable lifestyles, green development models and a better quality of life, implicitly offering new opportunities for the revitalisation of historic rural landscapes. Finally, a holistic approach and multidisciplinary cooperation are needed to allow for an effective synthesis of the many cultural visions, which today concern the theme of landscape.
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Klepers, Andris, and Pēteris Lakovskis. "IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSCAPES OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE USING GIS." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.91.
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INTRODUCTION
One of the aims of recognising landscapes of national importance is to encourage public authorities to adopt policies and measures at the local, regional and national level for protecting, managing and planning landscapes throughout national states. It covers unique and outstanding landscapes among the ordinary ones, that not only determine the quality of people’s living environment but also contribute to national identity. Different approaches have been used so far internationally in identifying landscapes of national importance, assessing their characteristics, structure and landscape elements, recognising that both – quantitative assessment and expert judgement should be involved for this task. Within this study, the focus is on the quantitative part of the study, using GIS and revealing the traceable sequence of steps and criteria used.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
GIS approach was used to determine landscape areas of national importance, using a hexagon grid - (each in an area of 100 ha, 68,407 hexagons), which covers the territory of Latvia. The aggregation of spatial data in regular grids provides an opportunity to normalise different types of spatial data, as well as to address the use of irregularly shaped polygons (e.g., in the case of politically defined boundaries). The hexagon network, due to the shape, forms continuous coverage of the area, while at the same time the hexagon has a similar shape to a circle, which accordingly provides advantages in terms of defining and representing different spatial relationships. Territories of the most valuable landscapes of national significance are spatially separated, assigning values to hexagons in accordance with the landscape values in their territory. Each hexagon is assigned a value according to whether it overlaps with an area that meets one or more of the criteria for the most valuable landscapes of national importance. In the case of larger, continuous area units, the coincidence of areas is determined by the hexagon centroid, but in the case of smaller, individual area units (also point units), the intersect function is used. The criteria for the research part to be quantified include five thematic sections: natural heritage, cultural heritage and historical evidence, identity and community involvement, uniqueness and landscape quality, which can be quantified from the infrastructure created to highlight the visual aspects and aesthetics of landscape.
RESULTS
The part of the quantitative analysis data used to determine the value of the landscape by GIS has been realised in several sequent stages. First, after analysing the main criteria for the identification of landscapes of national importance from existing literature and research thematic areas, they were split into concrete criteria: 8 for natural heritage, 5 for cultural heritage and historical evidence, 6 for identity and community involvement, 4 for uniqueness and 1 for landscape quality. Each of the criteria was given an appropriate weight of 0.5 to 1.5 points (using 0.25 points as a step). Several of the criteria are exclusive and do not overlap; the total amount for most outstanding landscapes would be 12 points. This was followed by a phase of structuring and categorising large amounts of data to allow GIS analysis to be performed. Minor adjustments were made to the weights assigned to the criteria in the methodology during the analysis. Each area of 100 ha, 68,407 hexagons got weighted value, and those territories where the concentration of the highest values were identified, were reconsidered during the next stage as a landscape with national importance. As there were more than 100 such places of concentration, discussion on joint territories having less valuable hexagons in-between has been carried out.
DISCUSSION
A landscape character assessment technique that is scientifically sound, region-specific and stakeholder orientated, designed to describe landscape character, has been used often recently. It can be applied at a range of scales and it may also integrate landscape character analysis with biodiversity assessments, the analysis of historical character, and socio-economic functions such as recreation etc. Even so it is primarily concerned with documenting landscape character rather than assigning quality or values, implying a distinction between characterisation and judgement; identifying landscapes with national importance still involves the assessment and evaluation process. This is debated widely as the main concern is to carry out ordinary landscape quality in places where people live, recognising that only a limited number of societies will benefit from daily encounters of unique landscapes. However, the GIS method used and criteria applied provide transparent objectivity in the characterisation of landscape uniqueness, and even if it’s relatively easy to recognise them by perception, having a society consensus, spatial aspects and the identification of borders for such landscapes would be much more difficult without GIS.
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Klepers, Andris, and Pēteris Lakovskis. "IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSCAPES OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE USING GIS." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.91.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
One of the aims of recognising landscapes of national importance is to encourage public authorities to adopt policies and measures at the local, regional and national level for protecting, managing and planning landscapes throughout national states. It covers unique and outstanding landscapes among the ordinary ones, that not only determine the quality of people’s living environment but also contribute to national identity. Different approaches have been used so far internationally in identifying landscapes of national importance, assessing their characteristics, structure and landscape elements, recognising that both – quantitative assessment and expert judgement should be involved for this task. Within this study, the focus is on the quantitative part of the study, using GIS and revealing the traceable sequence of steps and criteria used.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
GIS approach was used to determine landscape areas of national importance, using a hexagon grid - (each in an area of 100 ha, 68,407 hexagons), which covers the territory of Latvia. The aggregation of spatial data in regular grids provides an opportunity to normalise different types of spatial data, as well as to address the use of irregularly shaped polygons (e.g., in the case of politically defined boundaries). The hexagon network, due to the shape, forms continuous coverage of the area, while at the same time the hexagon has a similar shape to a circle, which accordingly provides advantages in terms of defining and representing different spatial relationships. Territories of the most valuable landscapes of national significance are spatially separated, assigning values to hexagons in accordance with the landscape values in their territory. Each hexagon is assigned a value according to whether it overlaps with an area that meets one or more of the criteria for the most valuable landscapes of national importance. In the case of larger, continuous area units, the coincidence of areas is determined by the hexagon centroid, but in the case of smaller, individual area units (also point units), the intersect function is used. The criteria for the research part to be quantified include five thematic sections: natural heritage, cultural heritage and historical evidence, identity and community involvement, uniqueness and landscape quality, which can be quantified from the infrastructure created to highlight the visual aspects and aesthetics of landscape.
RESULTS
The part of the quantitative analysis data used to determine the value of the landscape by GIS has been realised in several sequent stages. First, after analysing the main criteria for the identification of landscapes of national importance from existing literature and research thematic areas, they were split into concrete criteria: 8 for natural heritage, 5 for cultural heritage and historical evidence, 6 for identity and community involvement, 4 for uniqueness and 1 for landscape quality. Each of the criteria was given an appropriate weight of 0.5 to 1.5 points (using 0.25 points as a step). Several of the criteria are exclusive and do not overlap; the total amount for most outstanding landscapes would be 12 points. This was followed by a phase of structuring and categorising large amounts of data to allow GIS analysis to be performed. Minor adjustments were made to the weights assigned to the criteria in the methodology during the analysis. Each area of 100 ha, 68,407 hexagons got weighted value, and those territories where the concentration of the highest values were identified, were reconsidered during the next stage as a landscape with national importance. As there were more than 100 such places of concentration, discussion on joint territories having less valuable hexagons in-between has been carried out.
DISCUSSION
A landscape character assessment technique that is scientifically sound, region-specific and stakeholder orientated, designed to describe landscape character, has been used often recently. It can be applied at a range of scales and it may also integrate landscape character analysis with biodiversity assessments, the analysis of historical character, and socio-economic functions such as recreation etc. Even so it is primarily concerned with documenting landscape character rather than assigning quality or values, implying a distinction between characterisation and judgement; identifying landscapes with national importance still involves the assessment and evaluation process. This is debated widely as the main concern is to carry out ordinary landscape quality in places where people live, recognising that only a limited number of societies will benefit from daily encounters of unique landscapes. However, the GIS method used and criteria applied provide transparent objectivity in the characterisation of landscape uniqueness, and even if it’s relatively easy to recognise them by perception, having a society consensus, spatial aspects and the identification of borders for such landscapes would be much more difficult without GIS.
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Trišić, Igor. "The outstanding natural landscapes "Vršačke planine" in the function of tourism development." Turisticko poslovanje, no. 29 (2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turpos0-37377.
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Protected areas can be important destinations for tourism development because they contribute to economic, environmental and cultural development. In the phase of planning the development of a protected area as a tourism destination, it is important to consider all the possibilities, opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and dangers of tourism implementation, which should be the basic task of management processes. The Outstanding Natural Landscapes " Vrsacke Pianine " has significant potential for tourism development. Within this area, there are numerous natural and anthropogenic motives, important for the development of tourism. Favorable geographical location, proximity to major cities in Serbia and the border with Romania, are significant potentials for tourism development in this protected area. In the research in this paper, a quantitative method was used. A total of 250 visitors to this tourism destination was interviewed using the questionnaire survey technique with the help of a questionnaire as a research instrument, the method of random selection. Visitors answered questions about the potential for tourism development of this protected area. The analysis of the respondents ' answers concludes that this area has a significant extent of natural factors that contribute to the development of nature-based tourism, such as bird and animal sightseeing, nature photography, health tourism, recreation, science tourism and trips. In addition, the visitors recognized the importance of sociocultural factors that are important for the development of cultural forms of tourism.
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Salerno, Rossella. "Far-Sightedness vs. Emergency: A Matter for “Not Outstanding” European Cultural Landscapes." Buildings 8, no. 3 (March 11, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8030039.
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Vasiljevic, Nevena. "The role of landscape planning in European landscape convention implementation." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, no. 3 (2008): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0803051v.
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The most important recent policy initiative concerning quality and diversity, as well as natural and cultural landscape's values within all Europe is European Landscape Convention. The Convention was adopted by Council of Europe's Community of Ministers on 20th October 2000., in Firenze, Italy. The main goal of the Convention is protection, planning and management of the landscape as important part of the quality of life for people living everywhere: in urban areas and in countryside, in degraded areas as well as in the areas with high quality and those recognized as being of outstanding beauty. Serbia has singed Convention on 21 of September 2007. Diversity and quality, the cultural and natural values linked to European landscapes are part of Europe's common heritage, and it is important to co-operate towards its protection, management and planning According to explored international experiences, landscape plan, with its known methodology, is recognized as the most suitable tool in the most Countries which have already implemented European Landscape Convention. As to situation in Serbia, landscape planning is not treated in adequate or appropriate way within system of spatial planning. On the basis of the recent European experiences regarding The European Landscape Convention, the paper will underline the inevitability of landscape planning integration into the spatial planning system at the national, regional and city level, in Serbia.
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WESTRIK, CAROL. "UNESCO culturele landschappen en management uitdagingen." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.3.001.west.
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UNESCO cultural landscapes and management challenges In 1992 UNESCO adopted guidelines to include cultural landscapes in the World Heritage List. Cultural Landscapes are defined as ‘combined works of nature and of man’. It is this interaction that has to be of outstanding universal value. It should also be the focus concerning the management of such World Heritage sites. It requires an interdisciplinary approach as it covers different disciplines and in some cases different management systems. The management system is a living document that looks ahead. A holistic approach and monitoring are essential in order to be able to identify possible threats to the OUV early on and to act upon them.
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King, Isabelle, and John Martin. "Exploring Public Recognition and Perceived Cultural Value of the Special Qualities within English Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 12178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112178.
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As both the concept of ‘landscape’ and ‘beauty’ have very perceptual definitions, they must be assessed by large groups to be appropriately addressed. Therefore, amid a review of AONB designation, cultural perceptions of what is valuable within these designated areas is of paramount importance. Ecosystem services have gained traction as a way to assign social value to the non-physical benefits landscape can provide. AONB landscapes have a list of ‘special qualities’ (SQs) which are the features and characteristics of this area that warrant its protection. This study looks at the extent to which SQs reflect public values. Multiple methods including photo elicitation, participatory mapping, in-person surveys and social media data analysis have been used. The study suggests that when presented with the same landscape there is huge diversity as to what should be considered ‘special’. There is a general preference of landscape heterogeneity, therefore no one SQ could be more important than any of the others if considered in isolation. SQs that have a tangible link to the cultural ecosystem services they provide, were most appreciated. All methods used had their own benefits and flaws, hence future research should use a combination of methods to address perception issues.
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NEHREN, UDO, ANDRE KIRCHNER, DIETMAR SATTLER, ANA PAULA TURETTA, and JURGEN HEINRICH. "Impact of natural climate change and historical land use on landscape development in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 2 (June 2013): 497–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013000200004.
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Climate variations and historical land use had a major impact on landscape development in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica). In southeast Brazil, rainforest expanded under warm-humid climate conditions in the late Holocene, but have been dramatically reduced in historical times. Nevertheless, the numerous remaining forest fragments are of outstanding biological richness. In our research in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro we aim at the reconstruction of the late Quaternary landscape evolution and an assessment of human impact on landscapes and rainforests. In this context, special focus is given on (a) effects of climate variations on vegetation cover, soil development, and geomorphological processes, and (b) spatial and temporal land use and landscape degradation patterns. In this paper we present some new results of our interdisciplinary research in the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range, state of Rio de Janeiro.
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Romano, Joaquin, Emilio Pérez-Chinarro, and Byron V. Coral. "Network of Landscapes in the Sustainable Management of Transboundary Biosphere Reserves." Land 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090320.
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The creation of Transboundary Biosphere Reserves (TBRs) is one of the most outstanding contributions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB). Recent revisions have shown that there is a gap between its biodiversity conservation proposals and the theoretical convergence of nations towards sustainable development goals with the practices in action. By applying the landscape approach to the case study of the rural system of the Spanish–Portuguese border, declared Meseta Ibérica TBR (MITBR), it is verified that the spatial zoning of TBRs is a prominent factor in this gap, since they do not correspond to the landscape units and bioregions. This has led to the formulation and implementation of strategic proposals for the reorientation of TBRs towards the stimulation of landscape networks in the transboundary framework. Agroecological networks in this territory stand out, which brings together one of the highest concentrations of indigenous breeds in Europe. A breeder replacement experience was carried out based on the social networks of the MITBR that protect the landscape. The main conclusion of this article is that TBRs are effective in practice through the promotion of cross-border networks of governance and social participation, and mainly through agroecological ones due to their outstanding effect on biodiversity.
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Gong, Zhiqiang, Zhuting Zhang, Jianqin Zhou, Jiami Zhou, and Wenhui Wang. "The Evolutionary Process and Mechanism of Cultural Landscapes: An Integrated Perspective of Landscape Ecology and Evolutionary Economic Geography." Land 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11112062.
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Cultural landscapes are joint masterpieces of man and nature with outstanding universal value. Adequate knowledge of their evolutionary process and mechanism is crucial to their development, protection, and management. However, theoretical understanding about such has been limited as existing studies tend to focus on the descriptive and interpretative analysis of the evolutionary process and pay less attention to the underlying mechanism of the process. Integrating the traditional perspective of landscape ecology in cultural landscape research and theories of path dependence and path creation in evolutionary economic geography, this paper constructs a triple-layered integrated analytical framework of cultural landscape evolution and applies the framework to empirically examine the cultural landscape evolution of Mount Lushan. To grasp an accurate and full picture of the process, field observation and historical data collection were carried out, and a combination of thematic analysis and chronological organization was conducted. The research finds that the cultural landscape evolution of Mount Lushan has experienced three stages, i.e., coexistence and mutual influence of multiple cultures, conflict and integration of Chinese and Western cultures, as well as landscape transformation, revival, and expansion. Such evolution is a non-linear, dynamic, and complex process across which the elements, functions, and patterns of landscapes were constantly constructed and reconstructed. Fundamentally, it is the result of the synergistic effect of path dependence and path creation, and is driven by the interplay of the behavior of associated actors and the change of contextuality. The findings of this study can provide some strategic references for the management practice of cultural landscape heritage sites.
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Lennon, Jane. "From K'gari to World Heritage: Reading the Cultural Landscapes of Fraser Island." Queensland Review 19, no. 1 (June 2012): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2012.4.
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These lines from Judith Wright's poem At Cooloola (1955) remind us that Fraser Island is not just the world's largest sand island, but has a human presence. However, it is the largest sand island in the world, covering 1,840 square kilometres, and in 1992 it was inscribed on the World Heritage List in recognition of its outstanding and universal natural values.
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Miklín, Jan, and Jan Hradecký. "Landscape structure changes at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje Rivers." Geografie 121, no. 3 (2016): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121030368.
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The area at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje Rivers is one of the biologically most diverse landscapes of Czechia. This paper focuses on its land use/land cover changes, obtained from aerial photographs from 1938, 1953, 1976 and 2009, analyzed by a use of landscape metrics. The most important landscape changes in this period were as follows: (i) an all but complete disappearance of open and structured woodlands; (ii) a transformation of the mosaic of very small agricultural fields into large-scale fields of mostly arable land; (iii) a significant decrease in grasslands; (iv) regulations of water courses; (v) an outstanding increase in logging intensity during the last twenty years. The preservation of the area’s biodiversity demands a start of active conservation management, focused on opening of woodlands, a decrease in forest logging and a suitable selection of logging localities.
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Davydiuk, M. "Andrey Krasnov’s contribution into development of comparative approach." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 90, no. 2 (2018): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.2.13.
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The paper is devoted to the outstanding native botanist-geographer Andrey Nikolayevich Krasnov (1862-1914), who, with his original works, left a remarkable track in the history of geographic science. He has done a lot for the development of geography. Geospatial comparative-geographic research occupied a special place in the many-sided scientific work of the outstanding educator and geographer. Andrey Krasnov conducted them in the homeland and in different places of the globe. The purpose of this study is to highlight multi-component comparative-geographical developments, which are widely represented in Andrey Krasnov’s works. Elements of comparative analysis and comparative approach as a whole in these publications focus on itself all the richness of research work and constructive nature use results of the scientist, relevant up to now. Andrey Krasnov substantially enriched the comparative approach with the techniques of geographical comparative method with regard to research of the comparable geospatial objects of nature, and also considerably strengthened the approach by methods of paleogeographical, genetic, morphological, geomorphological, evolutionary, landscape-science content. Andrey Krasnov’s original geomorphological hypothesis of steppes forestlessness was developed by comparative study of steppe nature in different parts of the world. Using comparative approach Andrey Krasnov came to the conclusion that it is possible to create "Japan" in Colchis and grow tea there. The co-creation of man with nature realized by him (in the case of the introduction of tropical plants in analogical environment) was carried out on the basis of comparative-geographical approach. In that co-creation the future of constructive geography was guessed. Andrey Krasnov advanced and worked out the idea of "geographic combinations" – landscapes as the main objects of study of geographical science. This idea preceded the science of geographic landscapes and their regionalization, as well as the distinguishing of landscapes-analogues in different regions and zones of the Earth. Andrey Krasnov for the first time in the national literature has outlined the landscape regions and zones (strips) for the territory of the entire globe. In the scientific work of Andrey Krasnov the scientist and artist were harmoniously combined. His works are an example of combination of high scholarship with artistic presentation. He significantly developed the research capabilities of comparative approach and expanded the horizons of its effectiveness, including the teaching and educational field.
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Ruggles, Clive. "Astronomy and World Heritage." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, T27B (May 14, 2010): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310004783.
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UNESCO's World Heritage List http://whc.unesco.org/en/list exists to help identify, protect and preserve sites and landscapes that are considered to be of outstanding universal value to humankind. This means that their significance reaches beyond national and cultural boundaries, and (if our attempts at preservation are successful) will remain as a source of inspiration for many generations into the future.
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Craig, Vincent S. J., and Tim J. Senden. "A Forecast of Developments in Scanned Probe Microscopy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 6 (2006): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06136.
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From direct atom manipulation and nano-fabrication, to single molecule sensing and probing energy landscapes, the tools of the nanotech age are here. Scanned probe microscopies (SPM) offer opportunities to directly interact with matter in native environments and their evolution shows no signs of slowing. How might this toolkit adapt for new and outstanding problems in science? Here some directions are entertained and potential developments explored.
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Fischer, Wagner, Raquel Faria de Godoi, and Antonio Conceição Paranhos Filho. "Roadkill records of reptiles and birds in Cerrado and Pantanal landscapes." Check List 14, no. 5 (October 19, 2018): 845–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.5.845.
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We monitored reptile and bird roadkills in Cerrado–Pantanal landscapes along the Campo Grande to Corumbá highway BR-262. We describe species distribution in different landscape zones, including the first geographic record for Hydrodynastes bicinctus Herrmann, 1804 in the Pantanal basin. The roadkill occurrence of Spizaetus melanoleucus (Vieillot, 1816) is an outstanding record. We recorded 930 individuals belonging to 29 reptile and 47 bird species; 20 of these species are new roadkill records in Brazil. The 8 new records of reptile species include Eunectes notaeus Cope, 1862, Bothrops mattogrossensis Amaral,1925, Dracaena paraguayensis Amaral,1950 and H. bicinctus; and 12 new records of bird species include S. melanoleucus, Heterospizias meridionalis Latham, 1790, Urubitinga urubitinga (Gmelin, 1788), Pulsatrix perspicillata (Latham, 1790), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), and Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein, 1819). Richness of road-killed species on the BR-262 highway seemed to be high, reinforcing concerns about wildlife-vehicle collisions where these accidents occur, as they lead to long term and chronic impacts on wildlife and road safety in the Pantanal region.
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Thiele, Julia, Christina von Haaren, and Christian Albert. "Are river landscapes outstanding in providing cultural ecosystem services? An indicator-based exploration in Germany." Ecological Indicators 101 (June 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.003.
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Gordin, I. V., and E. V. Ryumina. "The ecological and economic achievements in landscape optimization of technogenic reliefs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 962, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/962/1/012013.
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Abstract Mining and accumulation of industrial and household waste on the earth’s surface form the technogenic relief of the planet. The main forms of violation of the natural relief are quarries, ditches, landfills and spoil tips. There are two ways of landscape optimization in order to restore ecological balance, to turn the aggressive terrain into an ecological and economic value. The first is a return to the original natural landscape. The process is implemented by ground filling of technogenic depressions, removal and chemical and technological processing of waste accumulated at landfills and spoil tips. The second way is to use technogenic relief to form a new natural landscape. The main attention of the article is paid to the optimization of technogenic landscapes by forest plantations and forest reclamation. As a result of these activities, environmentally safe and aesthetically expressive spaces are formed. Most of these facilities have a high potential for economic, socio-economic and recreational use. The outstanding world achievements in this field are considered. Their ecological and economic characteristics are given.
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Athanasiadou. "Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management." Heritage 2, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040165.
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The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.
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Azpeitia Santander, Arturo, Agustín Azkarate Garai-Olaun, and Ander de la Fuente Arana. "Historic Urban Landscapes: A Review on Trends and Methodologies in the Urban Context of the 21st Century." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082603.
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This article makes a critical reflection, questioning the notion of historical urban landscapes as a conceptual paradigm used for the basis of urban conservation in the twenty-first century. The study begins with a brief summary of the origins and subsequent evolution of this concept, highlighting the two key reference milestones: the Vienna Memorandum (UNESCO, 2005) and the Paris Recommendation (UNESCO, 2011). Subsequently, the focus of attention will be on highlighting the problems and difficulties posed by the management and protection of historic urban landscapes today. In this sense, the focus of attention will be placed on the assumption that change is an inherent part of the urban condition, since there is no consensus on what the limits of acceptable change in historic urban landscapes should be. It also emphasizes three factors that make this more difficult: (1) the reminiscences of the doctrines of the Weberian administration in the current models of government; (2) the subjective nature of the systems of indicators applied to the scope of historic cities; and (3) the opportunism of tactical urbanism, which, despite its shortcomings, is becoming an outstanding alternative for the methodological development of the historic urban landscapes.
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Moleón, Marcos, and José A. Sánchez-Zapata. "The Role of Carrion in the Landscapes of Fear and Disgust: A Review and Prospects." Diversity 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010028.
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Animal behavior is greatly shaped by the ‘landscape of fear’, induced by predation risk, and the equivalent ‘landscape of disgust’, induced by parasitism or infection risk. However, the role that carrion may play in these landscapes of peril has been largely overlooked. Here, we aim to emphasize that animal carcasses likely represent ubiquitous hotspots for both predation and infection risk, thus being an outstanding paradigm of how predation and parasitism pressures can concur in space and time. By conducting a literature review, we highlight the manifold inter- and intra-specific interactions linked to carrion via predation and parasitism risks, which may affect not only scavengers, but also non-scavengers. However, we identified major knowledge gaps, as reviewed articles were highly biased towards fear, terrestrial environments, vertebrates, and behavioral responses. Based on the reviewed literature, we provide a conceptual framework on the main fear- and disgust-based interaction pathways associated with carrion resources. This framework may be used to formulate predictions about how the landscape of fear and disgust around carcasses might influence animals’ individual behavior and ecological processes, from population to ecosystem functioning. We encourage ecologists, evolutionary biologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, and conservation biologists to explore the promising research avenues associated with the scary and disgusting facets of carrion. Acknowledging the multiple trophic and non-trophic interactions among dead and live animals, including both herbivores and carnivores, will notably improve our understanding of the overlapping pressures that shape the landscape of fear and disgust.
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Hoemberger, Marc, Warintra Pitsawong, and Dorothee Kern. "Cumulative mechanism of several major imatinib-resistant mutations in Abl kinase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 32 (July 27, 2020): 19221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919221117.
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Despite the outstanding success of the cancer drug imatinib, one obstacle in prolonged treatment is the emergence of resistance mutations within the kinase domain of its target, Abl. We noticed that many patient-resistance mutations occur in the dynamic hot spots recently identified to be responsible for imatinib’s high selectivity toward Abl. In this study, we provide an experimental analysis of the mechanism underlying drug resistance for three major resistance mutations (G250E, Y253F, and F317L). Our data settle controversies, revealing unexpected resistance mechanisms. The mutations alter the energy landscape of Abl in complex ways: increased kinase activity, altered affinity, and cooperativity for the substrates, and, surprisingly, only a modestly decreased imatinib affinity. Only under cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, these changes cumulate in an order of magnitude increase in imatinib’s half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). These results highlight the importance of characterizing energy landscapes of targets and its changes by drug binding and by resistance mutations developed by patients.
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Gómez Gutiérrez, Álvaro, Susanne Schnabel, Francisco Lavado Contador, José Juan De Sanjosé, Alan D. J. Atkinson, Manuel Pulido Fernández, and Manuel Sánchez Fernández. "Studying the influence of livestock pressure on gully erosion in rangelands of SW Spain by means of the UAV+SfM workflow." Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, no. 78 (September 13, 2018): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21138/bage.2712.
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Gully erosion in agrosilvopastoral systems of SW Spain represents a common degradation process, but has been hardly analysed. The suitability of using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) workflow to map small valley-bottom gullies in these landscapes was tested. The results showed centimetre-level accuracy. Observed strengths and limitations of the UAV+SfM workflow in the study areas are discussed. The resulting cartography allowed mapping soil erosion forms at outstanding spatial scales. All study areas showed evidences of degradation.
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Shtolder, Natalia V. "A New Synthesis in the Landscape Painting by Arkhip Kuindzhi and Ferdinand Hodler." Observatory of Culture 17, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-1-61-73.
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The article provides a comparative analysis of the landscape painting of the Russian artist Arkhip Kuindzhi (1842—1910) and the Swiss artist Ferdinand Hodler (1953—1918). In the field of European landscape painting of the 19th-20th centuries, these outstanding masters are noted both as academic figures and as innovators. The cosmic vision of the Universe, the emotional perception of nature and high pictorial skill, as well as the passionate service to art, in many ways unite the creative works of A. Kuindzhi and F. Hodler. For the first time, Russian science takes such a view on the study of their work. By applying the formal-stylistic analysis and the iconographic method, it is revealed that there is a certain synchronicity in their movement from realism to synthetic images of nature in their evolutionary development. In their mature and later works, the realistic, romantic, symbolic features are intertwined in various syntheses. In their spacing solutions, the ornamentalism of Hodler is comparable to the decorativism of Kuindzhi. The artists intersect in the iconographic aspect, addressing to similar motifs, for example: a single tree, a group of trees, mountain peaks, sunsets. The artists’ works are comparable in terms of generalization, selection and application of rhythm in the organization of painting composition. There are ideas of the sublime and the “planetary” of the Universe in the landscapes of A. Kuindzhi and F. Hodler. The artists’ goal to create a generalized image of nature is correlated with the movement to a symbol. This comparative analysis is some kind of a bridge between Russian and Swiss cultures, and it confirms the idea that Kuindzhi and Hodler created the landscapes-ideas in which there were both a subjective vision of the Universe and an innovative painting form of images of nature. Their works influenced the development of European landscape painting in the 20th century.
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Wango, Kamau. "‘Foundations of Landscape Painting’ – Colour Application, Textural Effects and Development of Holistic Composition. Analysis of Selected Landscape Paintings by Second Year Students at Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 284–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.5.1.744.
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Landscape painting is a popular undertaking among students, particularly those taking formative painting units, some of whom have never used prescribed media such as watercolours, oils or acrylics; and others who have not been exposed to painting at the university level. In one of the second-year painting units where students study colour and its application, they are required to paint landscapes in watercolours and either acrylics or oils. Landscape painting gives them the opportunity to study and apply colour on paper or canvas since landscapes and other outdoor painting studies provide them with a very useful reference resource in terms of colour, colour tones, the transient effect of light and shadows as well as the natural environment that presents colours in their true natural setting. Landscape painting is perhaps one of the most profound opportunities for students to get acquainted with natural colours and their interrelationships before venturing into any other genre of painting where they actively apply colours and their properties for other purposes of expression. Apart from interaction with colour, landscape painting offers the students an added opportunity to delve into other aspects of pictorial composition. Landscapes as a reference resource provide a natural setting that showcases clear placement of many aspects of a pictorial composition that the students can relate with. These include the formal elements such as colour itself, line, shape, texture, value as well as masses and spaces. They are also able to apply the principles of art and design such as balance, harmony, centre of interest, perspective and rhythm. In this study, second year painting students studying colour were exposed to landscape painting for the first time as they studied colour and its application. The basic projection was that they were not expected to produce outstanding work. They were, however, taken through the basic tenets of landscape painting including pictorial composition, application of elements and principles of art as well as the essence of observation. They were expected to work outdoors but were also allowed to use referent photographs in circumstances where they found them useful. They also worked independently and were allowed to select their medium from either watercolours, acrylics or oils. This paper examines how students responded to their task and how they approached the skill of observation, interpreted the application of colour and its qualities and dealt with pictorial composition. This is important because as it turned out, the students were very sensitive to how their landscapes ‘appeared’ and their ability to showcase what they observed. Ultimately, they were eager to determine whether their paintings were appealing to their classmates and by extension, to the viewers. Even though they were painting landscapes for the first time and some were handling some media for the first time, before embarking on their work, their attention was drawn from the onset to the use of textural effects, colour tones, perspective and details of the foreground, the fading background, nature of the sky and the effect of the transient light and shadows. They were encouraged to work outdoors as much as possible and finalize their work in their rooms. Beyond this, the students were given their space to work, with only the necessary comments that aimed at helping them retain their focus on certain pertinent points. This paper selects and features sample landscape paintings that underscore how a cross section of the students dealt with the formulation of landscape painting and the extent to which they were successful.
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Shamsuddin, Shuhana, Ahmad Bashri Sulaiman, and Rohayah Che Amat. "Historic Urban Landscape and the Character of George Town, Penang UNESCO World Heritage Site." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 9 (June 30, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i9.297.
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The increasing intervention from high rise construction and new developments within the historic urban fabric are threatening the existing character and the Outstanding Universal Value of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site List. This paper propagates that through the identification of historic urban landscapes that influence the character of the George Town world heritage sites, we are able to understand the relationships between the landscape components and the importance of historic characters of the sites. The methodology of this paper is based on written descriptions and site visual observations. The outcome of this paper reveals the significance of tangible and intangible factors that influence the urban landscape character of the case study area.
Historic Urban Landscape; Character; World Heritage Site; Tangible and Tangible Factors
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Misni, Alamah Misni, and Anwar Suran. "AN INTEGRATED PUBLIC ART IN PUTRAJAYA URBAN LANDSCAPE." Built Environment Journal 15, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v15i2.9708.
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The art found in public space represents a local social and cultural situation, as well as the artistic and aesthetic tendencies. There is a close relationship between the public art and the city landscape. Public art is part of the broader visual environment of buildings, landscapes, and infrastructure. It can promote a sense of place, contribute to legibility or wayfinding, and support efforts to quality urban design. It can be in the form of sculpture, street furniture, mural, and even fountain structure. This research focuses on the user's perception and appreciation of integrated public art in the Putrajaya urban landscape. Data was collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. The case study data collections were conducted through a survey, observation, and distribution of questionnaires. The case study was carried out in the Putrajaya urban landscape. Putrajaya was selected as a case study because it is the new administrative capital of Malaysia that has seen the need to be distinctively outstanding in both its characteristics and development. Putrajaya has revealed the influence of public art in enforcing and strengthening the identity of the city. Subsequently, the recommendation has been made to enhance the planning process and management system by the local authority in the Putrajaya urban landscape. Therefore, this research will help to generate the social awareness and understanding of the effort of integrating public art into the Malaysian urban landscape. Keywords: Putrajaya, planning, public art, sense of place, urban landscape
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Knitter, Daniel, Jan Piet Brozio, Walter Dörfler, Rainer Duttmann, Ingo Feeser, Wolfgang Hamer, Wiebke Kirleis, Johannes Müller, and Oliver Nakoinz. "Transforming landscapes: Modeling land-use patterns of environmental borderlands." Holocene 29, no. 10 (June 24, 2019): 1572–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619857233.
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How did socio-cultural transformation processes change land-use patterns? Throughout the last 50 years, outstanding comprehensive geographic, archaeobiological, and archaeological data have been produced for the area of Oldenburger Graben, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Based on this exceptional data set, we are able to study the land-use patterns for a period ranging from the Final Mesolithic until the Late Neolithic (4600–1700 BCE). By application of fuzzy modeling techniques, these patterns are investigated diachronically in order to assess the scale of transformations between the different archaeological phases. Based on nutrient requirements and proposed dietary composition estimates derived from empirical archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, and stable isotope data, the required extent of the areas for different land-use practices are modeled. This information is made spatially explicit using a fuzzy model that reconstructs areas of potential vegetation and land-use for each transformation phase. Pollen data are used to validate the type and extent of land-use categories. The model results are used to test hypotheses on the dynamics of socio-cultural transformations: can we observe a diversification of land-use patterns over time or does continuity of land-use practices prevail? By integrating the different lines of evidence within a spatially explicit modeling approach, we reach a new quality of data analysis with a high degree of contextualization. This allows testing of hypotheses about Neolithic transformation processes by an explicit adjustment of our model assumptions, variables, and parameters.
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Gibert, Teresa. "Spectrality in Margaret Atwood’s “Death by Landscape” (1990)." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 58 (December 16, 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20186305.
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This article explores how Margaret Atwood engages with the literary trope of spectrality through the ghost of Lucy in “Death by Landscape” (1990), an enigmatic short story which can be fruitfully analyzed in the light of both the author’s critical writings and the spectropoetics introduced by Jacques Derrida. As an outstanding example of the Canadian Gothic, this brief narrative not only addresses the universal concerns of death and bereavement, but also raises more specific key issues, including present-day human relationships with the natural environment and the perception of geographical spaces as symbolic sites. Lucy’s ghostly presence haunting Lois draws special attention to the noxious effects of the modern appropriation of Native-American cultures, a controversial topic illustrated by the Indian-themed summer camp where Lucy mysteriously disappears and by her naïve friend Lois’s explicit desire “to be an Indian”. Additionally, Atwood’s short story evokes the physical displacement due to colonial expansion and recalls the ensuing social dislocation of the decimated Native populations, eventually almost erased from the actual and imaginary landscapes of North America.
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Yazdi, Abdollah, Mohammad Foudazi, Rahim Dabiri, and Farbod Faraji. "Geomorphosites and Geotourism in the Kavir National Park (Central Iran)." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (December 25, 2015): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.40.
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Geotourism and geomorphotourism are considered the most important sub-categories of tourism industry in recent years, and their systematic development based on the principles of proper planning and creating required infrastructure can have a direct impact on sustainable development of every country. With regard to the climate and tectonic conditions, Iran has the most versatile landforms and exquisite geological phenomena that can attract many geoscientists as well as adventurous tourists. The purpose of this article is introducing Kavir national park (Maranjab Desert) geomorphosites, and exploring ways to develop geotourism in this area. Geomorphotourism is tourism with emphasis on visiting geomorphologic phenomena and landscapes. At the same time, the integration of historic and cultural heritage, as well as ecological attractions, highlight its importance and further increases its impact on development. The results of the studies show that Kavir national park area is among the most capable regions for sustainable tourism development, because it is one of the most accessible desert areas of Iran, it also has a moderate temperature, geological and tourism attraction diversity, diversity of wilderness and vegetation species, outstanding desert landscape, along with cultural and historic attractions. The region takes advantage of landscapes such as saif (seif) dunes, barchan dunes, ripple marks, desert pavements, sand dunes, nebkhas, salt lakes, salt polygons, inflated and puffy salt surfaces, Sargardan Island (Wandering Island) and so on. Kavir national park has a lot of potential for carrying out further studies and the impact on economic development and operation at national and international levels. This article seeks to introduce mentioned potentials in Kavir national park region.
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García-Esparza, Juan A. "Urban Scene Protection and Unconventional Practices—Contemporary Landscapes in World Heritage Cities of Spain." Land 11, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030324.
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This paper theoretically examines the extent to which visual perception has excluded alternative forms of culture in World Heritage cities and towns in Spain. To do so, an initial review is carried out of the UNESCO framework and criteria which establishes the outstanding universal value of Spanish cities and towns. This is followed by a review of minor concepts such as informality and creativity, which are related to alternative conceptions of culture and heritage. Thirdly, a review of the literature provides an overview of the appraisal of the social value in the heritage realm. This is achieved through the Historic Urban Landscape approach, which is adapted to specific forms of local appraisal. An analysis of policy helps explain the need to review principles of protection in terms of ethical evaluations. The analysis shows that outdated policies clash with contemporary assessment and participatory methods of heritage-making.
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Beydik, Alexander. "Large spaces and polarized landscapes in the life of a traveler and scientist (to the 90th anniversary of the birth of B. B. Rodoman)." Pskov region studies journal, no. 46 (2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310015701-4.
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The article is devoted to the 90th birth anniversary of Boris Borisovich Rodoman — an outstanding Soviet and Russian geographer, the founder of theoretical geography, the creator of the original method of geographical cartoids, the author of the “polarized biosphere” concept, who made a significant contribution to the formation and development of the geography of recreation and tourism.
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Bocheńska-Skałecka, Anna, Maria Ostrowska-Dudys, Edward Hutnik, and Wojciech Jakubowski. "Parameterization in the Analysis of Changes in the Rural Landscape on the Example of Agritourism Farms in Kłodzko District (Poland)." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138026.
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The European Landscape Convention (2006) indicates that landscape conservation is as important as the protection of the overall environment. Although the boundaries between urban and rural areas in many countries are blurring, the rural landscape is still perceived as a valuable landscape artefact. Traditional rural landscapes have undergone significant transformations over the past few decades. The authors attempt to analyze factors causing apparent changes in the rural landscape, based on the example of agritourism farms in Kłodzko District, Lower Silesia. The changes taking place in Poland after 1989 resulted in reduced profitability of agricultural production. This was why small farms stopped using land for agricultural production. Agritourism has become one of the forms of business activity. Therefore, it became necessary to adapt farms to a new function. The 37 agritourism farms registered in rural and rural-urban municipalities of Kłodzko District have been randomly selected for the survey. The research has shown the extent of changes related to the transformation of agricultural farms into agritourism ones. Six areas (categories) where changes took place have been identified based on the analysis of collected data. The authors have included the collected data in the parameterization of surveyed agritourism farms, taking into account: the condition of the agricultural farm before introducing its new role (0) and the present condition, with an agritourism function (1). The complete linkage clustering (the maximum distance) known as cluster analysis was used to examine the variables in terms of farm change. The aim was to select outstanding units from the research sample for further research as case studies.
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Sheng, Gonghan, Heyuan Chen, Kalifi Ferretti-Gallon, John L. Innes, Zhongjun Wang, Yujun Zhang, and Guangyu Wang. "Moving toward a Greener China: Is China’s National Park Pilot Program a Solution?" Land 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120489.
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National parks have been adopted for over a century to enhance the protection of valued natural landscapes in countries worldwide. For decades, China has emphasized the importance of economic growth over ecological health to the detriment of its protected areas. After decades of environmental degradation, dramatic loss of biodiversity, and increasing pressure from the public to improve and protect natural landscapes, China’s central government recently proposed the establishment of a pilot national park system to address these issues. This study provides an overview of the development of selected conventional protected areas (CPAs) and the ten newly established pilot national parks (PNPs). A literature review was conducted to synthesize the significant findings from previous studies, and group workshops were conducted to integrate expert knowledge. A qualitative analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pilot national park system. The results of this study reveal that the PNP system could be a potential solution to the two outstanding issues facing CPAs, namely the economic prioritization over social and ecological considerations that causes massive ecological degradation, and the conflicting, overlapping, and inconsistent administrative and institutional structures that result in serious inefficiencies and conflicts.
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Horswill, Emily, John Martin, and J. Adam Guy. "Establishing a functional framework for monitoring protected landscapes; with a case study of English Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)." Ecological Indicators 119 (December 2020): 106806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106806.
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Milanović, Miško, Dragan Čakmak, Veljko Perović, Orhideja Štrbac, and Saša Bakrač. "Geospatial analysis of soil pollution by hurtful materials in the mountains of vršac, serbia – example landscapes of outstanding features kula." Geonauka 02, no. 04 (February 24, 2015): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14438/gn.2014.28.
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Zou, Han, Yang Liu, Baihao Li, and Wenjing Luo. "Sustainable Development Efficiency of Cultural Landscape Heritage in Urban Fringe Based on GIS-DEA-MI, a Case Study of Wuhan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013061.
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Cultural landscape heritage refers to the rare and irreplaceable cultural landscapes recognized by UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee. It is recognized as a “common works of nature and human beings” of outstanding significance and universal value, and is a type of world heritage. Dueto construction, land isincreasingly limited in urban and rural areasin the process of urbanization, and cultural landscape heritage faces a huge threat, especially larger culturallandscapeheritagelocated at the edgesof cities. However, most of the existing studies have mainly focused on the material protection of heritage but have not paid enough attention to the non-material aspects of heritage sites, failing to reveal the inseparable nature of heritage and land. Therefore, this study takes sustainable development efficiency as its analysis tool, examines two pieces of cultural landscape heritage (the Panlongcheng site and the Tomb of the King of the Ming Dynasty) in the urban edge area of Wuhan, China as examples, innovates and establishes a multidimensional evaluation method based on the GIS-DEA-Ml model, and compares the dynamic changes of the spatial development efficiency and non-spatial development efficiency of the above two cultural landscape heritage cases. The results show that: both the spatial development efficiency and non-spatial development efficiency of Panlongcheng from 2010 to 2019 are significantly higher than that of the Tomb. This method makes up for the deficiency of traditional subjective qualitative analysis. It can be used to study the development efficiency of cultural landscape heritage more objectively and comprehensively, and promote the overall sustainable development of material and intangible cultural heritage. It can provide the basis for early decision-making and post-implementation evaluation for the preservation and utilization of cultural landscape heritage under the background of urban renewal.
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Zouros, N. "GEODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: GEOPARKS - A NEW CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN EARTH SCIENCES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11170.
Full textAbstract:
Recently a new initiative on Geoparks was established in Europe in close synergy with UNESCO aiming at the protection, promotion and rational management of geological landscapes and significant geosites as well as the sustainable development of their hosting territories. Geoparks are broader territories which include a number of geosites linked in a network which recognize these features as keyelements for the development of geotourism through conservation and management. Greece is characterized by a complex geological setting and evolution and was subjected to a variety of geomorphological processes, resulting in a high level of geodiversity. As a result a large number of spectacular landscapes and outstanding or unique geosites are present in the country, and they are not properly managed and protected. The Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark, the very first Greek Geopark, already counts one decade of successful operation. In order to protect and efficiently manage the petrified forest, the Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest was founded in 1994 as the management body of the Lesvos Petrified Forest Geopark. Next, a management plan for geological heritage protection as well as the sustainable development of the area was carried out linking the promotion of geosites, environmental education and the development of geotourism.
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NANTAKAT, Budsarin, and Varunyu VORACHART. "DESIGNING TOURISM IDENTITY COMMUNICATION IN SATUN UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35202-648.
Full textAbstract:
Satun Geopark, located in the south of Thailand, was recently designated as UNESCO Global Geopark in 2018. The geopark is well known for its abundance and variety of Paleozoic fossils with many outstanding geological tourist sites, incl uding specular karst landscapes, stunning caves, and remarkable sea caves. To promote Satun Geopark as tourist destination, its tourism identities must be communicated to wider audiences. This will convey the unique value of local communities to draw attention to new visitors and attract existing ones for a revisit. This research conducted in-depth interviews with community leaders and surveyed on-site signage systems to find out an improvement on tourism identity communication. The design of identity mascot was proposed as a new tool to communicate its identity with visitors in various channels.
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Minisola, Salvatore, Cristiana Cipriani, Giada Della Grotta, Luciano Colangelo, Marco Occhiuto, Piergianni Biondi, Chiara Sonato, Evelina Vigna, Mirella Cilli, and Jessica Pepe. "Update on the safety and efficacy of teriparatide in the treatment of osteoporosis." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 11 (January 2019): 1759720X1987799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x19877994.
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Following the completion of the Fracture Prevention Trial, teriparatide was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency as the first therapeutic anabolic agent for the treatment of postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis. It subsequently received additional approval for the treatment of osteoporosis in men, and for the treatment of osteoporosis associated with glucocorticoid therapy in men and women at risk of fracture. In this review, we summarize the most important data concerning PTH 1-34 therapy before 2016 in the treatment of osteoporosis, and report some outstanding results published in the last 2 years. New data on safety will also discussed, together with the state of art of nonclassical utilization. Finally, in view of the recent approval of biosimilars, possible future landscapes are discussed.
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Sánchez Sánchez, Miguel Ángel. "Las vías pecuarias de la región de Murcia. Valoración y potencialidades como recurso turístico = The Paths for Livestock of the Region of Murcia. Assessment and Potentiality as a Tourist Resource." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 12 (October 15, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.12.2019.22858.
Full textAbstract:
Las vías pecuarias son un legado histórico y cultural destacado. La Región de Murcia cuenta con un buen número de estas. Conocer sobre el carácter patrimonial de las mismas y elementos asociados es una cuestión de interés. Para ello se analiza la red de vías pecuarias, anexos y elementos próximos existentes en la Región de Murcia. Además de su posible calificación como caminos paisajísticos regionales. Estas infraestructuras cuentan con un destacado valor patrimonial, dotándolas de atractivo turístico y convirtiéndolas en un recurso complementario de la oferta turística regional. Dado que discurren por todo el territorio regional permiten el acercamiento a la gran diversidad de paisajes con que cuenta la Región, así como el desplazamiento por los mismos, de ahí que se justifique su denominación como caminos paisajísticos regionales. AbstractThe paths for livestock are a remarkable historical and cultural legacy. The Region of Murcia has a good number of these. Knowing about the patrimonial nature of the same and associated elements is a matter of interest. To this end, the net work of livestock trails, annexes and nearby elements exiting in the Region of Murcia is analyzed. In addition to its possible qualification as regional landscape roads. These infrastructures have an outstanding patrimonial value, endowing them with tourist attraction and turning them into tourist resource complementary to the regional tourist offer. Since they run throughout the regional territory allow the approach to the great diversity of landscapes that the Region has, as well as the displacement by them, hence its name is justified as regional landscape roads.
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Zyoud, Shaher H., and Ahed H. Zyoud. "Visualization and Mapping of Knowledge and Science Landscapes in Expert Systems With Applications Journal: A 30 Years’ Bibliometric Analysis." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211027574.
Full textAbstract:
The Expert Systems With Applications (ESWA) is a leading journal in the fields of computer science and engineering. Motivated by its outstanding performance, this paper seeks to develop a comprehensive overview of research activities in ESWA since its inception in 1990. In this regard, bibliometric techniques have been utilized to characterize the status quo, dynamics, and development trends of research patterns in ESWA. In doing so, the work used Scopus database as a source of data required. A data visualization software, visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer, was used to map the bibliographic material. The Scopus database yielded 12,254 documents published in ESWA from 105 countries with an average of 408 documents/year. The most productive country was Taiwan (2,069 documents; 17.0%). National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, was the most productive institution (219 documents; 1.8%). The major topics which will continue to be active include genetic algorithms, data mining, neural networks, support vector machines, classification and machine learning, feature selection, particle swarm optimization, fuzzy logic, and clustering. The outcomes underline the significant growth of ESWA through time. The vitality of topics addressed in ESWA to solve real-world problems boosts the progress and advancements of knowledge in this journal.