Dissertations / Theses: 'Outils CAD'

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Agbanglanon, Sylvain. "Outils numériques dans l’apprentissage de la conception mécanique : analyse des liens entre représentations externes et capacités visuo-spatiales dans le processus de conception." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1013.

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Dans une activité co-localisée de conception mécanique engageant des apprenants, les actions entreprises et les représentations externes que mobilisent ces derniers sont-elles liées à leurs capacités visuo-spatiales ? À travers cette question, notre étude explore les caractéristiques du processus en cours dans l’activité collaborative co-localisée de conception mécanique en relation avec les capacités visuo-spatiales des apprenants et les attributs des représentations externes qui y sont mises à contribution. Nous abordons la question dans une visée descriptive en analysant la situation sous un prisme s’inspirant de la cognition distribuée. Ainsi, nous retenons une dimension sociocognitive individuelle et une dimension sociotechnique interactionnelle. La première est relative aux attributs des agents humains et la seconde aux interactions interhumaines et à celles des humains avec les représentations externes dans la situation. Ce travail s’appuie sur la mesure des capacités visuo-spatiales de 63 apprenants Sénégalais en électromécanique, de niveau bac+2 et bac+5, par le biais de tests. Les caractères sociodémographiques de ces derniers, ceux liés à leur parcours éducatif et à la maîtrise qu’ils ont des outils numériques de modélisation graphique sont recueillis par le biais d’un questionnaire. À ces éléments s’ajoutent les enregistrements vidéo de l’activité collaborative de six dyades engagées dans la conception de solutions d’amélioration d’un système mécanique existant. La mise à contribution de tests de comparaison de Wilcoxon et de Kruskal-Wallis, appliqués aux éléments issus de l’encodage des vidéos et des résultats aux tests de capacités spatiales, nous permet d’avancer des éléments descriptifs de la situation. L’échantillon étudié présente une caractéristique notable : les apprenants ayant obtenu le baccalauréat ont des scores de visualisation spatiale plus élevés comparés à ceux qui ont eu un brevet de technicien comme diplôme secondaire. Les résultats montrent que les apprenants avec les capacités spatiales les plus faibles investissent plus de temps dans les actions de représentation de solutions et dans celles visant la compréhension du problème et des solutions. Par contre, les actions liées à l’évaluation des solutions et à l’incitation à la genèse de solutions sont plus le fait des apprenants avec les scores de visualisation spatiale les plus élevés. Dans le recours aux représentations externes sur supports numériques ou stéréoscopiques, les durées investies par les apprenants à capacités spatiales élevées sont supérieures à celles investies par des apprenants dont les capacités spatiales sont plus faibles, qui y recourent plus tôt. Cependant, il n’est pas noté de différence significative quant à la mise à contribution de représentations externes planes et sur papier
In a co-located mechanical design activity involving learners, are the actions undertaken and the external representations mobilized related to their spatial skills? Through this question, our study explores the characteristics of the ongoing process in the co-located collaborative mechanical design activity in relation to the spatial skills of the learners and the characteristics of the external representations with which they interact. We address the question in a descriptive aim by analyzing the situation under a prism inspired by distributed cognition. Thus, we retain an individual socio-cognitive dimension and an interactional socio-technical one. The first relates to human agent’s traits and the second to human interactions, including the ones with external representations. This work is based on test measurement of spatial skills of 63 Senegalese, bachelor and graduate level students in mechanical engineering. The socio-demographic characteristics of students, those related to their educational background and their mastery of computer aided modeling tools are collected using a survey. To these elements are added the video recordings of the collaborative activity of six dyads involved in the design of improving solutions for an existing mechanical system. Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis comparison tests, applied to the data, allow us to give a description of the studied situation. One notable feature of the sample studied is that learners who graduated from high school had higher spatial visualization scores compared to those who had a technician's certificate. The results show that learners with the weakest spatial abilities are more involved in solution drawing and in actions aimed at understanding the problem and solutions. On the other hand, the actions related to the evaluation of solutions and the ones inciting solution genesis are more the fact of learners with the highest spatial visualization scores. In the use of external representations on digital and stereoscopic media, the durations invested by learners with high spatial abilities are higher than those of learners whose spatial abilities are lower, although these latter use them earlier. However, there is no significant difference in the durations of non-spatial and paper-based external representations’ use

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Ahmed, Syed Zahid. "EFPGAs : architectural explorations, System integration, & a Visionary Industrial survey of programmable technologies." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20030/document.

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La thèse s'articule autour du thème des FPGA embarqués(eFPGAs). Ce manuscrit analyse les solutions existantes actuellement et discute les challenges et opportunités de ces technologies; une analyse en profondeur des échecs des tentatives passées est également donnée. Sur la base des solutions existantes dans la littérature, une structure de eFPGA à topologie de type grille est proposée, décrite en langage VHDL RTL. Cette solution comporte également les outils de programmation associés. Sur la base de cette proposition, des explorations sont menées quant à la pertinence des solutions proposées au sens de métriques d'actualité tells que densité logique, performance et consommation. Une des contributions notables de cette thèse repose sur la proposition d'une architecture de switch unifiée éliminant les blocs de connexions ainsi que l'interconnexion locale typique des FPGA actuels(telles que ceux modélisables dans le logiciel VPR) tout en autorisant une bonne routabilité. Toutes les expérimentations ont été menées sur une technologie CMOS 65nm faible puissance du fondeur STMicroelectronics, qui permet de fait d'obtenir des évaluations pertinentes. Une seconde contribution notable repose sur l'exploration de l'intégration de eFPGA dans un contexte système sur puce (SoC). Cette approche repose sur l'adjonction d'un eFPGA au sein d'un système intégré, au côté d'un processeur de type LEON3, la programmation s'effectuant sur la base d'une approche de type ESL. Deux explorations sont ainsi déclinées, comme unité intégrée au sein du processeur et comme coprocesseur. Les résultats présentés permettent ainsi d'analyser sous plusieurs angles les compromis possibles ainsi que les perspectives et limitations de ce type d'approches. Finalement, un cas d'étude est également présenté quant à l'intégration de mémoires de type magnétique (MRAM) au sein-même de l'architecture du eFPGA
The thesis extensively revolves around embedded FPGAs (eFPGAs). It conducts detailed survey focused on programmable technologies to investigate potentials and challenges of eFPGAs and probable failure reasons of several past attempts of different kinds. Based on survey knowledge, technology independent soft eFPGAs of FPGA-like mesh-based classical architecture with standard RTL programming flow areinvestigated. Detailed eFPGA architectural explorations (including CAD tools) are conducted to explore silicon-efficient (logic density, power, performance etc.)eFPGA architectures. Among notable innovations achieved is unified switch block with complete removal of connection block and local interconnect of classical mesh-based FPGAs (VPR-like) while maintaining good routing efficiency. All experiments are conducted on 65nm CMOS low powerSTMicroelectronics process to get practical silicon values and perspectives. Finally eFPGAs in systems (SoCs) potentials and challenges are addressed. A reconfigurable acceleration scenario with ESL exploitation (for programming ease) and full silicon tradeoffs visualization is presented with integration of eFPGA with LEON3 processor (as a functional and co-processor unit, with also highlighting potential flaws of functional unit in industrial perspectives). An interesting case study for perspectives of emerging MRAM memories for eFPGAs is also presented

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Naisson, Pierre. "Développement de portes-outils, d'outils et de modèles pour la maîtrise du perçage vibratoire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI045/document.

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Le perçage vibratoire auto entretenu propose la rupture technologique nécessaire à une augmentation de la performance du perçage profond. Un porte outil spécifique a été conçu pour permettre les vibrations axiales, et se présente sous la forme d'un système masse ressort, dont les caractéristiques sont identifiés par l'utilisation de la théorie des lobes de stabilité. L'identification des caractéristiques géométriques d'un outil optimal passe par la caractérisation des aspects tribologiques, des caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau usiné, ainsi que la définition d'une préparation d'arête adéquate. Enfin, ce procédé étant piloté par l'énergie de la coupe, deux modèles d'effort ont été identifiés. La méthode CAM repose sur la discrétisation de l'effort de perçage lors de la phase de pénétration, alors que l'approche analytique permet de prédire l'effort à partir d'un modèle de coupe analytique identifié à partir d'essais de coupe oblique
Self-sustained vibration drilling offers the technological breakthrough needed to increase the performance of deep drilling. A special tool holder is designed to allow axial vibration, and comes as a spring mass system, whose characteristics are identified by the use of the theory of stability lobes. Identification of the geometric characteristics of an optimal tool requires the characterization of tribological aspects, mechanical properties of the machined material, and the definition of a proper edge preparation. Finally, this process is driven by the energy of the cut, and two types of effort have been identified. The Edge-Material-Pair Method is based on the discretization of the drilling thrust force during penetration phase, while the analytical approach can predict forces from a cut pattern identified from oblique cutting tests

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González, Obando Daniel Felipe. "From digital to computational pathology for biomarker discovery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5185.

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L'histopathologie a pour objectif d'analyser des images de tissus biologiques pour évaluer l’état pathologique d'un organe et établir un diagnostic. L'apparition des scanners de lames a haute résolution a ouvert la voie a des nouvelles possibilités d'acquisition de très grandes images (whole slide imaging), de multiplexage de marquages, d'extraction exhaustive d'informations visuelles et d'annotations multiples a large échelle. Cette thèse propose un ensemble de méthodes algorithmiques visant a faciliter et optimiser ces différents aspects. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une méthode de recalage multiculturelle d'images histologiques multi-marquées reposant sur les propriétés des B-splines pour modéliser, de fawn continue, une image discrète. Nous proposons ensuite de nouvelles approches d'analyse morphologique sur des polygones faiblement simples, généralisés par des graphes a segments droits. Elles reposent sur le formalisme des squelettes droits (une approximation de squelettes courbes définis par des segments droits), construits a l'aide de graphes de motocyclettes. Cette structure permet de réaliser des opérations de morphologie mathématiques sur des polygones avec une complexité réduite. La précision des opérations sur des polygones bruites est obtenue en raffinant la construction des squelettes droits par ajout adaptatif de sommets. Nous avons aussi propose un algorithme de détection de l'axe médian et montre qu'il est possible de reconstruire la forme d'origine avec une approximation arbitraire. Enfin, nous avons explore les squelettes droits pondérés qui permettent des opérations morphologiques directionnelles. Ces approches d'analyse morphologique offrent un support consistant pour améliorer la segmentation des objets grâce a l'information contextuelle et réaliser des études liées a l'analyse spatiale des interactions entre les différentes structures d’intérêt au sein du tissu. Tous les algorithmes proposes sont optimises pour le traitement d'images gigapixels et garantissent une reproductibilité des analyses, notamment grâce a la création du plugin Icytomine, interface entre Icy et Cytomine
Histopathology aims to analyze images of biological tissues to assess the pathologi¬cal condition of an organ and to provide a diagnosis. The advent of high-resolution slide scanners has opened the door to new possibilities for acquiring very large im¬ages (whole slide imaging), multiplexing stainings, exhaustive extraction of visual information and large scale annotations. This thesis proposes a set of algorith¬mic methods aimed at facilitating and optimizing these different aspects. First, we propose a multi-scale registration method of multi-labeled histological images based on the properties of B-splines to model, in a continuous way, a discrete image. We then propose new approaches to perform morphological analysis on weakly simple polygons generalized by straight-line graphs. They are based on the formalism of straight skeletons (an approximation of curved skeletons defined by straight segments), built with the help of motorcycle graphs. This structure makes it possible to perform mathematical morphological operations on polygons. The precision of operations on noisy polygons is obtained by refining the construction of straight skeletons. We also propose an algorithm for computing the medial axis from straight skeletons, showing it is possible to approximate the original polygonal shape. Finally, we explore weighted straight skeletons that allow directional mor¬phological operations. These morphological analysis approaches provide consistent support for improving the segmentation of objects through contextual information and performing studies related to the spatial analysis of interactions between dif¬ferent structures of interest within the tissue. All the proposed algorithms are optimized to handle gigapixel images while assuring analysis reproducibility, in particular thanks to the creation of the Icytomine plugin, an interface between Icy and Cytomine

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Kattan, Ali. "La réalité virtuelle immersive comme outil de représentation dans le processus de design. Application au programme INTERREG "Design dans la ville"." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL029N/document.

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Notre recherche s’inscrit dans le domaine du génie industriel et se positionne plus précisément dans le design. L’objet général de cette thèse est d’intégrer la Réalité Virtuelle immersive comme outil de représentation dans le processus de conception des produits nouveaux, afin d’améliorer la boîte à outils du designer, de le comparer et d’analyser son influence par apport aux outils de représentation Traditionnels (T) et Numériques (N), d’aide à la création et à la communication des idées utilisés en Design. Pour les outils T et N, nous analyserons plus particulièrement le dessin, la maquette physique et les logiciels de Conception Assisté par Ordinateur (CAO). Notre but est de proposer une méthode destinée à aider plus particulièrement deux acteurs de la conception (le designer et l’architecte) à mieux choisir leur outil de représentation durant le processus de design. Nous montrerons l’utilité d’intégrer la Réalité Virtuelle RV comme une nouvelle technologie à leur démarche de travail. Les expérimentations menées nous permettent ainsi de dégager les rapports de la RV dans le processus de design. Ainsi, de montrer : - une influence positive de la RV sur l’évaluation esthétique (selon la vision du designer) et technique (selon la vision des acteurs de la conception) du produit nouveau. - une meilleure compréhension de l’objet par les intervenants spécialistes (industriels, décideurs..) et les non-spécialistes (utilisateurs, consommateurs..). Notre recherche ouvre des perspectives pour élargir l’application de la RV dans d’autres projets et d’améliorer l’outil à travers de la naissance d’une série d’applications réservées au designer
Our research is in the field of industrial engineering and it is positioned specifically in the design. The general purpose of this thesis is to integrate the immersive Virtual Reality as a tool of representation in the process of new products design to enhance the toolkit of the designer, to compare and analyze its influence by providing the tools of traditional (T) and digital (N) and to support the creation and communication of ideas used in Design. For these tools of T and N, we will analyze in particular drawing, mock-up and software for computer aided design (CAD). Our goal is to propose a method to help especially the two actors of design (the designer and the architect) to choose the best tool for representation during the design process. We show the usefulness of integrating Virtual Reality VR technology as a new approach to their work. The experiments conducted allow us to identify the relationship of VR in the design process. Thus, to show: - A positive influence of VR on the aesthetic evaluation (according to the vision of the designer) and technology (according to the vision of those involved in design) of new product. - A better understanding of the subject specialists by stakeholders (industry, policy makers ...) and non-experts (users, consumers ...). Our research offers a potential to broaden the application of VR in other projects and improve the tool through the birth of a number of applications available to the designer

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Lao, Eric. "Placement et routage de circuits mixtes analogiques-numériques CMOS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS575.

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Avec l’évolution des procédés technologiques d’intégration, le traitement numérique devient de plus en plus rapide tout en coûtant moins en surface et en consommation d’énergie. La diminution des dimensions est effectuée au détriment de la précision des blocs analogiques. L’idée est de bénéficier des performances offertes par les circuits numériques pour relâcher les spécifications des blocs analogiques et gagner ainsi globalement en surface et consommation. Or les concepteurs de circuits mixtes analogiques-numériques sont confrontés à une situation où ils doivent choisir entre un flot purement analogique et un flot purement numérique, chacun des deux ignorant l’autre. Cette thèse propose un flot de conception mixte du dessin des masques en unifiant le flot de conception numérique et analogique Dans une phase de placement, le concepteur est amené à décrire un placement relatif de son circuit sous la forme d’un script permettant à notre outil de générer un ensemble de placements valides. Par la suite, une phase de routage global détermine de manière grossière les chemins les plus courts permettant de joindre les connecteurs de chaque net. Ces chemins prennent en compte diverses contraintes du circuit telles que des obstacles ou des contraintes de symétrie. Une phase de routage détaillé vient ensuite compléter la construction et la résolution des problèmes de superposition des fils de routage. Notre flot de conception est appliqué à plusieurs circuits analogiques et mixtes de tailles différentes. Notre approche a pour objectif de donner du contrôle aux concepteurs tout au long de la conception du dessin des masques
As the technological processes of integration on silicon evolve by increasing the fine engraving and the integration density, digital processing has become faster at a lower cost in area and power consumption. This reduction in size is made at the expense of analog blocks' precision. The idea is to take advantage of the performance offered by digital circuits to release the specifications for analog blocks and globally win area occupation and consumption. Yet, analog-digital mixed circuit designers are faced with a situation where they have to choose between a purely analog design flow or a pure digital design flow, each ignoring the other. In this thesis, we introduced a new mixed-signal design flow, which aims at unifying both digital and analog design flows. Our design flow is divided into three steps: a placement step, a global routing step and a detailed routing step. During the placement step, the designer describes the relative placement and a set of constraints and our placement tool will generate all the valid placements respecting these constraints. The global routing step determines approximately the shortest path to connect the connectors according to a netlist. The shortest paths take into account several constraints such as symmetry constraints or avoiding obstacles. Finally, the detailed routing step completes the construction of each wire and resolve overlap issues of the wires. Our design flow has been applied to several analog and mixed-signal circuits, placed and routed within a few seconds. Our main goal is to give control to the designer all along the layout design flow steps

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Langenais, Adrien. "Adaptation des méthodes et outils aéroacoustiques pour les jets en interaction dans le cadre des lanceurs spatiaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC003/document.

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Lors d’un lancement spatial, le bruit des jets supersoniques chauds, générés par les moteurs-fusées au décollage et en interaction avec le pas de tir, est dommageable pour le lanceur et en particulier sa charge utile. Par conséquent, les acteurs du spatial cherchent à renforcer leur compréhension et leur maîtrise de cette ambiance acoustique, entre autres grâce à des méthodes et outils numériques. Toutefois, ils ne disposent pas d’une approche numérique globale capable de prendre en compte simultanément la génération fidèle du bruit, la propagation acoustique non-linéaire, les effets d’installation complexes et les géométries réalistes, pourtant inhérents aux applications spatiales. Dans cette optique, cette étude consiste à mettre en place et valider une méthodologie de simulation numérique par couplage fort Navier-Stokes − Euler, puis à l’appliquer à des cas réalistes de bruit de jet supersonique. L’objectif est d’affiner les capacités de prévision et de contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes de génération de bruit dans de tels jets. Le solveur Navier-Stokes repose sur une méthode LES sur maillage non-structuré et le solveur acoustique sur une méthode de Galerkine discontinue d’ordre élevé sur maillage non-structuré. La méthodologie est tout d’abord évaluée sur des cas académiques visant à valider la simulation par couplage fort. Après des calculs préliminaires, la méthodologie est appliquée à la simulation du bruit d’un jet libre supersonique à Mach 3.1. Une méthode de déclenchement géométrique de la turbulence est implémentée sous la forme d’une marche à la paroi de la tuyère. La simulation aboutit à des estimations du bruit très proches des mesures réalisées au banc MARTEL et met en évidence des effets non-linéaires significatifs ainsi qu’un mécanisme singulier de rayonnement des ondes de Mach. Dans une démarche de progression vers des cas toujours plus réalistes, l’ensemble de l’approche numérique est finalement adaptée avec succès à la simulation du bruit d’un jet en présence d’un carneau. À terme, elle pourra être étendue à des configurations multi-jets réactifs, avec injection d’eau, voire à l’échelle 1
During a space launch, the noise from hot supersonic jets, generated by rocket engines at liftoff and interacting with the launch pad, is harmful to the launcher and in particular its payload. Consequently, space actors are seeking to strengthen their understanding and control of this acoustic environment through numerical methods and tools, among the others. However, they do not dispose of a comprehensive numerical strategy that can simultaneously take into account accurate noise generation, nonlinear acoustic propagation, complex installation effects and realistic geometries, which are inherent to space applications. For this purpose, the present study consists in setting up and validating a numerical simulation methodology using a Navier-Stokes − Euler two-way coupling approach, then applying it to realistic cases of supersonic jet noise in order to improve prediction capabilities and contribute to the understanding of the noise generation mechanisms in such jets. The Navier-Stokes solver is based on an LES method on unstructured mesh and the acoustic solver on a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured mesh. The methodology is first assessed on academic cases to validate the use of the two-way coupling. After preliminary computations, the methodology is applied to the simulation of the noise from a supersonic free jet at Mach 3.1. A geometric turbulence tripping method is implemented via a step at the nozzle wall. The computation leads to noise predictions very close to the experimental measurements performed at the MARTEL test bench and highlights significant nonlinear effects as well as a quite particular Mach waves radiation mechanism. Targeting even more realistic cases, the entire numerical approach is finally successfully adapted to the simulation of the noise from a supersonic jet configuration including a flame trench. In the future, it may be extended to configurations with clustered reactive jets, water injection devices or even at full scale

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Lima, Artemilson Alves de. "Escaladas da contracultura: Natal, d?cada de 1980." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS SOCIAIS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24663.

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A contracultura ? conhecida como um fen?meno da segunda metade do s?culo XX. Suas origens remontam ao final da d?cada de 1940, com os ?uivos? da gera??o beat, cuja visibilidade come?a na d?cada de 1950. Todavia, o que se considera como sendo o estouro desse fen?meno acontece, de fato, durante os anos de 1960, tendo, como principal vitrine, o Maio de 1968 na Fran?a, com desdobramentos na segunda metade da d?cada de 1960 e durante a d?cada de 1970, em alguns pa?ses da Europa e nos EUA, com a explos?o do rock?in roll e do movimento hippie, influenciando gera??es de jovens no mundo inteiro. No Brasil, alcan?a seu auge na d?cada de 1970, com repercuss?es na d?cada de 1980. Em ambos os contextos, a contracultura valeu-se da arte e da literatura, nas quais encontrou o ambiente mais f?rtil de express?o. Esta tese versa sobre alguns aspectos do ativismo intelectual e art?stico em Natal, na d?cada de 1980, como um fen?meno que se insere no contexto da express?o contracultural. Na constru??o de seu arcabou?o te?rico, toma-se como principal refer?ncia o conceito de contracultura em Roszack (1972), para quem a contracultura foi uma forma de contestar a racionaliza??o da sociedade tecnocrata que se consolida depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, apresentando como tra?o mais marcante a excessiva racionalidade das rela??es econ?micas e socioculturais, em todos os ?mbitos da vida, nas Sociedades Ocidentais. Tamb?m se ancora, teoricamente, nos postulados de Goffman e Joy (2007), que reconhecem o per?odo acima referenciado como o mais significativo, embora optem por analisar a contracultura como um fen?meno pr?prio da cultura, independentemente do tempo e do espa?o e deem prefer?ncia ao uso do termo ?contraculturas? para designar as in?meras experi?ncias de contesta??o e de nega??o ?s estruturas do establishment, em diversas experi?ncias hist?ricas, chegando mesmo a consider?-las como uma tradi??o de ruptura. A narrativa das express?es contraculturais na cidade de Natal, na d?cada de 1980, procura trazer ? luz algumas manifesta??es da contracultura, quem eram os sujeitos que as protagonizaram, como estes se expressavam e interagiam, enfim quais os grupos de artistas que fizeram parte dessas manifesta??es na cidade de Natal durante a d?cada de 1980. Para isso, recorreu-se ? pesquisa ivestigativa, fazendo ancoragem em parte significativa da produ??o art?stica e liter?ria de alguns desses sujeitos, tanto aqueles de representa??o individual quanto aqueles que compunham/representavam um coletivo, situados, todos eles, no circuito contracultural da cidade, no per?odo em destaque. Numa complementa??o necess?ria, ainda se apoia na concep??o moriniana de acontecimento-de-car?ter-modificador (MORIN, 2005), para narrar como essa experi?ncia da contracultura constituiu-se em um fen?meno que incorpora a busca de express?o de uma cultura-revolta (KRISTEVA, 2000). Al?m do mais, tamb?m adota, como centralidade te?rica, a no??o sloterdjikiana da antropot?cnica, a partir da met?fora da escalada do monte improv?vel da cultura pelo estabelecimento das tens?es verticais (SLOTERDJIK, 2013). Tomando-se, em particular, a narrativa da experi?ncia contracultural natalense, no per?odo focalizado, conclui-se, em car?ter provis?rio, que tal experi?ncia pode, com legitimidade, ser considerada como uma manifesta??o contracultural e, n?o obstante ? como tantas outras em diferentes lugares ?, faz parte de um movimento de transforma??o da cultura, que se pode situar nos marcos das teses defendidas pelos autores, isto ?, como acontecimento-de-car?ter-modificador, vez que constitui parte de uma cultura-revolta que pode ser compreendida ? luz do processo de ressubjetiva??o dos sujeitos em seu exerc?cio de ascese individual, que acaba por determinar as transforma??es na cultura.
The counterculture is known as a phenomenon of the second half of the twentieth century. Its origins date back to the late 1940s, with the "howls" of the beat generation, whose visibility began in the 1950s. But what is considered to be the overflow of this phenomenon, which takes place during the 1960s, the main showcase, the May 1968 in France, unfolding in the second half of the 1960s in the 1970s in some countries of Europe and the USA, with the explosion of rock'in roll and hippie movement, influencing generations of young people In the whole world. In Brazil, the counterculture had its culmination in the 1970s, with repercussions in the 1980s. In both contexts, the counterculture made use of art and literature, where it found the most fertile environment of expression. This thesis deals with some aspects of intellectual and artistic activism in Natal, in the 1980s, as a phenomenon that is inserted in the context of countercultural expression. I took as a main reference the concept of counterculture in Roszack (1972), for whom the counterculture was the form of contestation to the rationalization of the technocratic society that consolidates after the Second World War, whose main feature is the excessive rationality of economic and socio-cultural relations in all spheres of life in Western societies, and also in Goffman and Joy (2007), who recognize the period referred to above as the most significant; However, they choose to analyze counterculture as a culture-specific phenomenon, regardless of time and space, and use the term "countercultures" to denote the innumerable experiences of contestation and denial of establishment structures in various historical experiences. consider it a tradition of rupture. The narrative of countercultural expressions in the city of Natal in the 1980s seeks to bring to light some manifestations of the counterculture, who were the subjects, as expressed and interacted with the groups of artists who were part of the counterculture in the city of Natal during the decade 1980. To this end, research is used, making an anchorage in a significant part of the artistic and literary production of some subjects represented by the individual, as well as by the collective, located in the countercultural circuit of the city in the period in focus. It is based on Morin's conception of a character-event-modifier (Morin, 2005), to narrate how this experience of the counterculture constitutes a phenomenon that incorporates the search for expression of a culture-revolt (KRISTEVA, 2000). Also adopts as theoretical centrality the sloterdjikian notion of anthropotechnician, from the metaphor of improbable mountain climbing of the culture by the establishment of vertical tensions Sloterdjik (2013). As a narrative of the countercultural experience in the Focal Period, he tentatively concludes that such an experience can legitimately be regarded as a counter-cultural manifestation, and yet, like so many others in different places, it is part of a movement of transformation of culture, which we can situate within the framework of the theses defended by the authors, that is, as a character-event-modifier, is part of a culture-revolt that can be understood in the light of the resubjectivation process of the subjects in their exercise of individual asceticism, which ultimately determines the transformations in culture.

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Abouelala, Mourad. "Évaluation des outils de modélisation et de simulation dans le domaine de l’enseignement de la fabrication mécanique : cas des logiciels de la FAO." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3056/document.

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Les outils de simulation sont des moyens pour faciliter la mise en place d'une production sur les Machines Outil à Commande Numérique, ces outils sont devenus très courants dans l'industrie et, par conséquent, dans l'éducation. Plusieurs problèmes importants émergent, telles que des questions d’ordre pédagogique, des aspects liés à l’ergonomie des interfaces, le coût d'acquisition de l'équipement et d'adaptabilité des étudiants aux multitudes de logiciels de fabrication assistée par ordinateur, de ce fait le problème de la sélection du logiciel est soulevé dans l'éducation afin d'assurer une efficacité des processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage des étudiants.Cette thèse est conduite dans l’objectif d’étudier une méthodologie pour sélectionner un logiciel de FAO qui pourrait être efficace en tant que support d’apprentissage de la FAO en premier cycle des universités techniques, des écoles d’ingénieurs et autres établissements similaires. Les facteurs déterminants l’efficacité des étudiants utilisant un logiciel dans leurs apprentissages de la FAO ont été déduits du cadre théorique de la thèse qui s’est basé sur la théorie de l’activité. Cette théorie prend en considération le contexte global de cette activité d’enseignement-apprentissage de la FAO à savoir l’étudiant, l’artefact, le professeur, l’établissement et la communauté des éditeurs de logiciels.Le traitement statistique des données recueillies à travers les réponses d’un échantillon de 50 étudiants ont été élaboré dans le but de confirmer nos hypothèses sur les principaux critères d'évaluation de logiciel de simulation en éducation
Simulation tools as means to facilitate setting up a production have become very common in industry and, therefore, in education. Among several significant problems, like pedagogical issues, the cost of equipment acquisition and the adaptability of students to the multitude of Computer-Aided Manufacturing, it is raise in education the problem of selecting software in order to ensure maximum effectiveness of teaching process and students learning.This research study was designed to investigate a methodology to select CAM software that could be effective as a support of CAM learning in university, taking into account different features of CAM learning. We determine the student effectiveness in learning factors of CAM software and further, determine the relationship between the different main factors. The research was conducted using a questionnaire submitted to 50 students attending the second academic year of Mechanical Design and Production. The study provides results from empirical test of these relationships and provides criteria for evaluation simulation of software in education

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Duarte, Francisco Wellington. "A perda do halo? O processo de constru??o do ide?rio petista na d?cada de 90." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS SOCIAIS, 2008. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24797.

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Analisa a trajet?ria do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), a partir da constru??o do seu ide?rio pol?tico, durante a d?cada de 1990, culminando com seu II congresso, em 1999. A abordagem tem como eixo te?rico a concep??o de classe, balizadora da estrat?gia e da t?tica dos partidos de classe. Para tanto, foram analisados o conjunto de resolu??es emandas dos Encontros Nacionais e dos dois Congressos, al?m da opini?o das principais lideran?as do partido. Foi apresentada uma periodiza??o e mostradas as mudan?as mais relevante para o objeto de estudo. Estabeleceu-se uma rela??o entre as mudan?as ocorridas no modo de produ??o capitalista e os seus efeitos sobre a concep??o de classe e da import?ncia do trabalho, nas discuss?es do partido e no rebatimento destas sobre o programa do mesmo. Buscou-se compreender como o PT foi afetado pelas mudan?as estruturais e pela crise do socialismo. Conclui-se que as mudan?as ocorridas no ide?rio petista foram resultado de um conjunto de fatores que terminou por distanciar o partido do socialismo, tornando-o progressista e reformista.
Examines the trajectory of the Workers' Party (PT), from the construction of its political ideology, during the 1990s, culminating with its II Congress in 1999. The approach is to design a theoretical axis of class, mapped out the strategy and tactics of the parties of class. To that end, we analyzed the number of resolutions come Encounters of the National Congress and the two, beyond the view of the main leaders of the party. Was presented a timeline and show the changes more relevant to the object of study. It was a relationship between changes in the capitalist mode of production and its effects on the design of class and the importance of work, in discussions of the party and the hittin those on the program of the same. The aim was to understand how the PT was affected by structural change and the crisis of socialism. It follows that the change in PT ideals were a result of a number of factors that ended by distancing the party of socialism and make it progressive and reformist.

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Neuhaus, Victor [Verfasser], Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier, Blanche [Gutachter] Schwappach-Pignataro, and Martin [Gutachter] Oppermann. "Einfluss der Ca2+/Calmodulin-abhängigen Proteinkinase II delta auf den L-Typ Ca2+-Strom -Untersuchungen anhand eines genetischen Knock-outs im Mausmodell / Victor Neuhaus ; Gutachter: Blanche Schwappach-Pignataro, Martin Oppermann ; Betreuer: Lars Maier." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1149954159/34.

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Teixeira, Robson Scheffer. "Caracteriza??o dos acoplamentos fase-amplitude na regi?o CA1 do hopocampo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17019.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Brain oscillation are not completely independent, but able to interact with each other through cross-frequency coupling (CFC) in at least four different ways: power-to-power, phase-to-phase, phase-to-frequency and phase-to-power. Recent evidence suggests that not only the rhythms per se, but also their interactions are involved in the execution of cognitive tasks, mainly those requiring selective attention, information flow and memory consolidation. It was recently proposed that fast gamma oscillations (60 150 Hz) convey spatial information from the medial entorhinal cortex to the CA1 region of the hippocampus by means of theta (4-12 Hz) phase coupling. Despite these findings, however, little is known about general characteristics of CFCs in several brain regions. In this work we recorded local field potentials using multielectrode arrays aimed at the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus for chronic recording. Cross-frequency coupling was evaluated by using comodulogram analysis, a CFC tool recently developted (Tort et al. 2008, Tort et al. 2010). All data analyses were performed using MATLAB (MathWorks Inc). Here we describe two functionally distinct oscillations within the fast gamma frequency range, both coupled to the theta rhythm during active exploration and REM sleep: an oscillation with peak activity at ~80 Hz, and a faster oscillation centered at ~140 Hz. The two oscillations are differentially modulated by the phase of theta depending on the CA1 layer; theta-80 Hz coupling is strongest at stratum lacunosum-moleculare, while theta-140 Hz coupling is strongest at stratum oriens-alveus. This laminar profile suggests that the ~80 Hz oscillation originates from entorhinal cortex inputs to deeper CA1 layers, while the ~140 Hz oscillation reflects CA1 activity in superficial layers. We further show that the ~140 Hz oscillation differs from sharp-wave associated ripple oscillations in several key characteristics. Our results demonstrate the existence of novel theta-associated high-frequency oscillations, and suggest a redefinition of fast gamma oscillations
As oscila??es cerebrais n?o s?o completamente independentes, mas capazes de interagir umas com as outras atrav?s de acoplamentos entre frequ?ncias (cross-frequency coupling, doravante CFC) em pelo menos quatro diferentes modalidades: amplitudeamplitude, fase-fase (coer?ncia), fase-frequ?ncia e fase-amplitude. Evid?ncias recentes sugerem que n?o somente os ritmos per se, mas tamb?m as intera??es entre eles est?o envolvidas na execu??o de tarefas cognitivas, principalmente aquelas que requerem aten??o seletiva, transmiss?o de informa??es e consolida??o de mem?rias. Estudos recentes prop?em que oscila??es gama alto (60 150 Hz) transferem informa??es espaciais do c?rtex entorrinal medial para a regi?o CA1 do hipocampo atrav?s do acoplamento com a fase de teta (4 12 Hz). Apesar destas descobertas, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as caracter?sticas gerais dos CFCs em diversas regi?es cerebrais. Neste trabalho, registramos potenciais de campo local usando matrizes de multieletrodos implantadas no hipocampo dorsal para registro neural cr?nico. O acoplamento fase-amplitude foi avaliado por meio da an?lise de comodulogramas, uma ferramenta de CFC desenvolvida recentemente (Tort et al. 2008, Tort et al. 2010). Todas as an?lises de dados foram realizadas em MATLAB (MathWorks Inc). Descrevemos duas oscila??es funcionalmente distintas dentro da faixa de frequ?ncia de gama, ambas acopladas ao ritmo teta durante explora??o ativa e sono REM: uma oscila??o com um pico de atividade em ~80 Hz e uma mais r?pida centrada em ~140 Hz. As duas oscila??es s?o diferencialmente moduladas pela fase de teta conforme a camada de CA1; o acoplamento teta-80 Hz ? mais forte no stratum lacunosum-moleculare, enquanto que o acoplamento teta-140 Hz ? mais forte no stratum oriens-alveus. Este perfil laminar sugere que a oscila??o de 80 Hz origina-se das entradas do c?rtex entorrinal para as camadas profundas de CA1, e que a oscila??o de 140 Hz reflete a atividade de CA1 em camadas superficiais. Ademais, n?s mostramos que a oscila??o de 140 Hz difere-se das oscila??es ripples associadas com sharp-waves em diversos aspectos chave. Nossos resultados demonstram a exist?ncia de novas oscila??es de alta frequ?ncia associadas ? teta e sugerem uma redefini??o das oscila??es gama alto

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Souza, Carlos Antônio Braga de. "Cada nascimento de uma criança intersexual é um tapa na cara da sociedade: uma reflexão sobre religião e gênero na sociedade brasileira." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20604.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present doctoral thesis is a reflection on intersexuality in the face of the complexity of the Brazilian religious system markedly Christian. In this reflection diverse questions are raised, involving sexualities considered peripheral to the patriarchal system. These peripheral sexualities enter into political and academic debate, whether through the feminist movement, the LGBTQIA + collective, or the queer theory. The struggle for political rights in these segments has met with strong resistance from conservative sectors. In this sense a system reactive to the achievements of women, of the LGBTQIA + collectives, is identified in religions. The religions provide support to conservative sectors, which are organized in the institutional political scenario, intercepting advances in the area of human rights and enactment of the laity of the state. This research aims to provide subsidies to understand the increase in intolerance in Brazil, a country with high rates of fatal violence on LGBTQIA + collectives and on women, according to data presented in the thesis. At the same time, it also seeks to reshape the Brazilian cultural system from its peripheral position, with strong postcolonialist traits, in the face of the central European and North American neoliberal system
A presente tese de doutorado é uma reflexão sobre a intersexualidade diante da complexidade do sistema religioso brasileiro marcadamente cristão. Nessa reflexão questões diversas são suscitadas, envolvendo sexualidades consideradas periféricas ao sistema patriarcal. Essas sexualidades periféricas entram no debate político e acadêmico, seja através do movimento feminista, dos coletivos LGBTQIA+ e da teoria queer. A luta por direitos políticos desses segmentos tem encontrado forte resistência de setores conservadores. Nesse sentido identifica-se nas religiões um sistema reativo às conquistas de mulheres, dos coletivos LGBTQIA+. As religiões fornecem suporte a setores conservadores, que se organizam no cenário político institucional, interceptando avanços na área dos direitos humanos e na promulgação da laicidade do estado. Essa pesquisa visa fornecer subsídios para entender o aumento da intolerância no Brasil, um país com alto índice de violência fatal sobre coletivos LGBTQIA+ e sobre as mulheres, de acordo com dados apresentados na tese. Ao mesmo tempo, pretende também redimensionar o sistema cultural brasileiro a partir de sua posição periférica, de fortes traços pós-colonialista, diante do sistema neoliberal central europeu e norte-americano

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Fran?a, Arthur S?rgio Cavalcanti de. "O papel de oscila??es beta2 e de interneur?nios OLM?2 da regi?o CA1 do hipocampo de camundongos na mem?ria de reconhecimento de objetos." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM NEUROCI?NCIAS, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22234.

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O hipocampo ? relacionado com a forma??o de mem?rias explicitas e com a capacidade de reconhecer novos objetos. No presente trabalho visamos contribuir para uma maior compreens?o do papel da regi?o CA1 do hipocampo nestes processos. Atrav?s da aplica??o de t?cnicas de eletrofisiologia, comportamento animal, psicofarmacologia e optogen?tica em camundongos transg?nicos e selvagens, encontramos que c?lulas OLM?2 do CA1 atuam na codifica??o da representa??o de objetos em uma tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos, e tamb?m influenciam a codifica??o de mem?rias aversivas em uma tarefa associativa de medo ao contexto. Al?m disso, descrevemos uma nova atividade oscilat?ria no potencial de campo local do CA1 na frequ?ncia beta 2 (23-30 Hz), que ? caracteristicamente transit?ria e ligada ? detec??o de novos objetos durante uma tarefa de reconhecimento de objetos. Estes resultados sugerem potenciais mecanismos celulares e de rede neuronal na regi?o CA1 subjacentes ao seu papel na forma??o de mem?rias e na detec??o de novidade.
The hippocampus is associated to novelty detection and formation of explicit memories. The present work aims at better understanding the role of the CA1 region of the hippocampus in these processes. By employing electrophysiology, animal behavior, psychopharmacology and optogenetic techniques in transgenic and wild-type mice, we found that CA1 OLM?2 cells influence the formation of new object representations in an object recognition task, as well as the encoding of aversive memories in a contextual fear memory task. Furthermore, we characterized a new oscillatory activity in the local field potential of CA1 at beta 2 frequency (23-30 Hz), which was typically transient and linked to the amount of novelty in an object recognition task. These results suggest potential cellular and network mechanisms that underlie the role of CA1 in memory formation and novelty detection.

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Teixeira, Robson Scheffer. "Desvendando oscila??es hipocampais atrav?s de comodula??es." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM NEUROCI?NCIAS, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23665.

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An?lises espectrais de registros eletrofisiol?gicos extracelulares t?m revelado que a atividade el?trica produzida pelo c?rebro ? comumente organizada em padr?es r?tmicos, conhecidos como oscila??es neuronais. Mais recentemente, descobriu-se que as oscila??es neuronais de frequ?ncias distintas n?o s?o independentes, mas podem interagir entre si. Ao longo das ?ltimas duas d?cadas, diversas ferramentas de an?lises foram desenvolvidas, amadurecidas e incorporadas de outras ?reas para se estudar os chamados acoplamentos entre frequ?ncias de oscila??es neuronais observadas nestes registros. Oscila??es neuronais s?o ditas acopladas se houver uma rela??o de depend?ncia entre suas caracter?sticas, como fase, amplitude ou frequ?ncia instant?neas. Dentre elas, o acoplamento fase-amplitude ? caracterizado por um aumento da amplitude instant?nea de uma banda de frequ?ncia condicionado a uma fase instant?nea de uma oscila??o de outra banda, enquanto que o acoplamento fase-fase do tipo n:m ? caracterizado pela rela??o fixa entre m ciclos de uma frequ?ncia em nciclos de outra. O hipocampo ? uma regi?o cerebral envolvida na forma??o de mem?rias e navega??o espacial. Assim como em outras estruturas, as redes neuronais do hipocampo produzem diversos padr?es oscilat?rios, que variam de acordo com os estados do ciclo sono-vig?lia. Entre estes padr?es, classicamente destacam-se os ritmos teta (4-12 Hz) e gama (30-100 Hz), que caracterizam estados comportamentais de locomo??o e sono REM. No entanto, o estudo dos padr?es de acoplamento oscilat?rio no hipocampo tem revelado subtipos oscilat?rios distintos dentro da defini??o tradicional da banda gama. Mais ainda, trabalhos recentes t?m mostrado a exist?ncia de oscila??es acopladas ao ritmo teta em frequ?ncias mais altas (>100 Hz), embora haja uma diverg?ncia na literatura atual sobre at? aonde estas oscila??es de altas frequ?ncias representariam atividade oscilat?ria genu?na de redes neuronais ou se seriam derivadas de efeitos esp?rios oriundos de contamina??es por resqu?cios de potencias de a??o registrados extracelularmente. A presente tese de doutorado visa contribuir para o maior entendimento dos padr?es oscilat?rios produzidos por redes neuronais do hipocampo, com particular foco nas rela??es de acoplamento entre oscila??es de diferentes frequ?ncias. Atrav?s de dados pr?prios e compartilhados de terceiros de animais implantados cronicamente com matrizes de m?ltiplos eletrodos, obtivemos registros da atividade el?trica da regi?o CA1 de ratos durante a explora??o de ambientes familiares e per?odos de sono. Investigamos a exist?ncia conjunta de distintos padr?es oscilat?rios do hipocampo em diferentes frequ?ncias atrav?s de marcadores eletrofisiol?gicos, anat?micos e comportamentais de cada oscila??o neuronal que, quando combinados, levaram a um perfil ?nico para cada banda de frequ?ncia. Nossos resultados mostram a exist?ncia de m?ltiplas bandas de frequ?ncia moduladas pelo ritmo teta hipocampal. As modula??es s?o dotadas de diversos mecanismos separat?rios, provavelmente de forma a minimizar interfer?ncias. Demonstramos ainda que padr?es oscilat?rios esp?rios e genu?nos podem co-existir numa mesma faixa de frequ?ncia, e que, ao contr?rio de trabalhos recentes, n?o h? evid?ncia para acoplamentos do tipo fase-fase n:m no hipocampo. A capacidade de uma oscila??o neural interagir com outras oscila??es, aparentemente independentes, levanta questionamentos naturais sobre sua signific?ncia biol?gica, que, apesar de diversos avan?os na ?rea, ainda permanece um mist?rio na sua ess?ncia.
Spectral analysis of extracellular electrophysiological recordings revealed that the brain electrical activity is often organized in rhythmic patterns, known as neuronal oscillations. Recently, it was discovered that oscillations of distinct frequencies are not independent, but can interact to each other. In the last two decades, several analysis tools were developed or incorporated from other fields to study cross-frequency coupling between neural oscillations. Neural oscillations are said to be coupled if there is a dependency between their features, such as phase, amplitude or frequency. Among them, phase ? amplitude coupling is characterized by an increase in the instantaneous amplitude of one frequency band conditioned to the instantaneous phase of another frequency band, whereas n:m phase ? phase coupling is characterized by a fixed relation between m cycles of one frequency to n cycles of another one. The hippocampus is a brain region involved in memory formation and spatial navigation. As in other brain structures, hippocampal neural networks generate several oscillatory patterns, which vary according to the stage of the sleep-waking cycle. Among these patterns, theta (4 ? 12 Hz) and gamma (30 ? 100 Hz) oscillations are prominent during active waking and REM sleep. However, the study of coupling patterns in the hippocampus has revealed distinct sub-types of oscillatory activity inside the traditional gamma band. Moreover, recent studies have shown the existence of even faster oscillations coupled to theta in the hippocampus (> 100 Hz), although there is a current divergence in the literature about whether they represent genuine network activity or spurious by-products from incomplete filtering of extracellular spikes. This thesis investigates oscillatory patterns generated by hippocampal neural networks, focusing in the coupling relation among oscillations of different frequencies. Using our own data and shared third-party ones of chronically implanted animals with multisite electrodes, we recorded electrical activity in the CA1 region of rats while exploring a familiar environment and during sleep stages. We investigated the existence of simultaneous but distinct oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus separated by electrophysiological, anatomic and behavioral markers, which, once taken together, can lead to a unique profile for each frequency band. Our results point to the existence of several frequency bands coupled to the hippocampal theta rhythm. All modulations are found to be separated by mechanisms that can potentially avoid interferences. We also demonstrate that a spurious oscillatory patterns can emerge and co-exist in the same frequency band of genuine oscillations and, contrary to recent work, we show that there is lack of evidence for n:m phase ? phase coupling in the hippocampus. The capacity of neural oscillations to interact with one another raises questions about the biological significance of such phenomenon; despite recent progress in the field, however, its essence remains a mystery.

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SILVA, José de Arimatéia Almeida e. "Utilização do politereftalato de etileno (PET) em misturas asfálticas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/878.

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Capes
A adição do resíduo de Politereftalato de Etileno (PET) em Cimentos Asfálticos de Petróleo (CAP), triturados em partículas cujo diâmetro está entre 0,6 e 0,074 mm, pode ser uma alternativa técnica viável para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e reológicas das misturas asfálticas. Esta adição tem como finalidade proporcionar uma menor susceptibilidade das misturas asfálticas a fadiga e, conseqüentemente aumentar a vida útil de revestimentos asfálticos em regiões com clima tropical e a temperaturas elevadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a incorporação de um aditivo no Cimento Asfáltico de Petróleo. A adição de PET foi realizada em proporções de 4%, 5% e 6% relativas ao peso do teor de CAP ótimo e mensuradas as propriedades volumétricas e mecânicas. Além disso foram realizados análises físicas e reológicas do CAP puro e modificado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa pode -se inferir que o PET micronizado pós consumo corresponde a um polímero melhorador das propriedades reológicas do CAP 50/70, em termos de rigidez, proporcionado a mistura asfáltica um incremento no comportamento mecânico a luz dos ensaios de Resistência à Tração por Compressão Diametral, Módulo de Resiliência, Resistência por Umidade Induzida, Flow Number e Ruptura por Fadiga. É possível aceitar que “o resíduo do PET micronizado, no teor de 5% pode ser utilizado como agente modificador do CAP e, que o mesmo e capaz de promover ganhos nas Propriedades Mecânicas de Revestimentos Asfálticos.
The addition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste in binder, crushed into particles whose diameter is between 0.074 and 0.6 mm, may be a viable alternative technique to improve the mechanical and rheological properties of asphalt mixtures . This addition is intended to provide a lower susceptibility of fatigue in asphalt mixtures and consequently improve the durability of asphalt mixtures in regions with tropical climate and high temperatures. This work has the objective the incorporation of an additive in binder. It was add in proportions of 4% 5% and 6% relative to the weight of the optimum binder content and it was measured volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Also performed were physical and rheological analysis of pure and modified binder. According to the results obtained in this study can be inferred that the micronized PET improve the performance of binder 50/70. The addition of PET provided an increase in the mechanical behavior in the Indirect Tensile Strength, Resilient Modulus, Moisture susceptibility, Flow Number and Fatigue life. It is possible to accept that the use of 5% micronized PET waste may be used as modifying agent of binder, and that it improve mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures.

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Dewi, Alita. "Apport des nouvelles technologies interactives pour l'analyse intégrée en génie électrique : vers un laboratoire virtuel d'expérimentation en électrotechnique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597707.

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La course à l'innovation dans la technologie des dispositifs électriques, induit de nouvelles contraintes sur les fonctionnalités des systèmes de CAO en Génie Electrique. Ils doivent permettre l'analyse fine des comportements multiphysiques des dispositifs électriques. Cette puissance, nécessaire en terme de modélisation, se traduit aussi par une complexité en terme de maîtrise par l'utilisateur. Par conséquent, les techniques d'interaction homme - machine, qui avaient été longtemps considérées comme d'intérêt secondaire dans le domaine de Pélectrotechnique, deviennent aussi importantes que les modèles physiques. L'objectif de notre travail est de développer des méthodes d'exploration et d'Interface homme - machine, naturelles et faciles à comprendre, afin de facilité l'utilisation des logiciels de simulation en électrotechnique. Pour arriver à cet objectif, nous nous sommes inspirés des activités intervenant dans un laboratoire d'expérimentation en électrotechnique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons modélisé un vrai laboratoire en dégageant les rôles du dispositif électrique à étudier, des manipulations à mettre en places, des protocoles d'expérimentation, .... Après cela, nous avons développé un système interactif, le Laboratoire Virtuel d'Expérimentation en Électrotechnique (LVEE), bâti sur le modèle d'un laboratoire réel, et dans lequel le fonctionnement du dispositif électrique est obtenu à l'aide des logiciels de simulation. La contribution de la technologie de Réalité Virtuelle a été prise en considération pour fournir l'interaction intuitive et la visualisation naturelle des comportements physiques des dispositifs électriques.

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Dewi, Alita. "Apport des nouvelles technologies interactives pour l'analyse intégrée en génie électrique : vers un laboratoire virtuel d'expérimentation en électrotechnique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0055.

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La course à l'innovation dans la technologie des dispositifs électriques, induit de nouvelles contraintes sur les fonctionnalités des systèmes de CAO en Génie Electrique. Ils doivent permettre l'analyse fine des comportements multiphysiques des dispositifs électriques. Cette puissance, nécessaire en terme de modélisation, se traduit aussi par une complexité en terme de maîtrise par l'utilisateur. Par conséquent, les techniques d'interaction homme - machine, qui avaient été longtemps considérées comme d'intérêt secondaire dans le domaine de l'électrotechnique, deviennent aussi importantes que les modèles physiques. L'objectif de notre travail est de développer des méthodes d'exploration et d'interface homme - machine, naturelles et faciles à comprendre, afin de faciliter l'utilisation des logiciels de simulation en électrotechnique. Pour arriver à cet objectif, nous nous sommes inspirés des activités intervenant dans un laboratoire d'expérimentation en électrotechnique. Nous avons développé un système interactif, le Laboratoire Virtuel d'Expérimentation en Électrotechnique (LVEE), bâti sur le modèle d'un laboratoire réel, et dans lequel le fonctionnement du dispositif électrique est obtenu à l'aide des logiciels de simulation
The innovations in the electrical devices technology bring a new constraint for the function of Electrical Engineering CAD System. It must support the integrated analysis of the performances of electrical devices. This requirement is necessary in term of modeling, and also results a complexity in term of utilization by the user. Hence, the techniques of human-machine interaction, which had been considered as the secondary interest during the implementation of CAD System in Electrical Engineering, becomes as important as the model developed. The method of exploring and the human-machine interface, which are two belongings of the techniques of human-machine interaction, should be natural and easily compréhensible in order to hold up the usefulness of the CAD System. For that, the approach of experiment techniques in the electrical devices laboratory has been adopted as the method of exploring, while developing an interactive System that représenta a model of the electrical devices laboratory. Then, the contribution of the Virtual Reality technology has been taken into account for providing the intuitive interaction and the natural visualization of the performances of electrical devices

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Danjou, Christophe. "Ingénierie de la chaîne numérique d'industrialisation : proposition d'un modèle d'interopérabilité pour la conception-fabrication intégrées." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2234/document.

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Ce travail s'intéresse à la gestion d'information techniques et connaissances métiers issues de la production pour assurer l'interopérabilité et la continuité de la chaîne numérique. Dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue et de développement des technologies de l’information pour l'usine du futur, l'industrie aéronautique s'oriente vers une intégration flexible et agile des phases de conception et fabrication pour l'obtention de pièces bonnes du premier coup. C'est pour assurer la maîtrise des processus et la capitalisation des savoir-faire métier issus de la fabrication que ces travaux adressent la problématique suivante : comment élaborer un modèle d'interopérabilité de la chaîne numérique d'industrialisation, pour assurer une intégration agile de la conception et de la fabrication ? Pour ce faire, nous définissons deux propositions : OntoSTEP-NC pour permettre l'extraction et la structuration des données issues de la fabrication et Closed-Loop Manufacturing pour permettre l'intégration et la réutilisation des connaissances métiers capitalisées au niveau de l'industrialisation. Les apports de ces propositions se retrouvent dans la définition d'un cadre d'interopérabilité pour l'usine du futur mais également dans les enjeux tels que la définition de bonnes pratiques pour l'entreprise étendue en vue d'une harmonisation des processus de fabrication. Ces travaux ont été validés au travers d'un démonstrateur sur un cas d'étude industriel comportant plusieurs scénarii
This work focuses on the knowledge and the data management extracted from the manufacturing to ensure the interoperability in the digital chain. According to the extended enterprise and the factory of the future context, the aeronautics manufacturers tend to a design and manufacturing integrated platform in order to get a right part the first time.This work focus on manufacturing process control and capitalization of know-how from the manufacturing aiming at answering the following issue : How to enable interoperability for the digital production process in order to ensure an integrated and agile design and manufacturing ? This issue is addressed with two proposals : OntoSTEP-NC which focuses on how to model and structure the manufacturing knowledge from the CNC machine and Closed-Loop Manufacturing which focuses on how to re-use and integrate the information feedback from manufacturing to process engineering. Both combined those two proposals address the main issue of this work defining an interoperability framework for the factory of the future and address trends like the definition of guidelines for manufacturing in extended enterprise context. This work has been validated through a demonstrator and an industrial case study with various scenarios

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Kolonis, E. "Systèmes Complexes, Outils de CAO et Nanotechnologies." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162509.

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L'intitulé de notre thèse est Systèmes Complexes, outils de CAO et Nanotechnologies. Il concerne l'étude des techniques permettant de configurer un support contenant un nombre très élevé des éléments très simples et interconnectés dans un réseau très complexe, de façon à émuler des systèmes complexes naturels ou artificiels. Dans ce contexte nous proposons une plateforme d'outils CAO qui aide à l'implémentation et à la simulation de ces types de systèmes. Dans un premier temps, nous élaborons un premier outil de cette plateforme permettant d'expérimenter par simulation classique les lois qui gouvernent l'évolution du système cible. Cette simulation permet de valider ou de modifier ces lois avant implémentation dans le nanoréseau. Ensuite, nous utilisons cet outil pour expérimenter divers systèmes complexes tels que des écosystèmes artificiels et des systèmes des particules dans lesquels une géométrie de l'espace-temps relativiste émerge comme une conséquence du type des lois d'interaction des particules.

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Chaahoub, F. "Etude des méthodes de conception et des outils de CAO pour la synthèse des circuits intégrés analogiques." Phd thesis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163766.

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La réalisation des circuits analogiques à hautes performances souffre de difficultés principalement dues à la réduction de la tension d'alimentation et à la réduction de la consommation, qui sont conduites par la prolifération des systèmes portables aliméntés par des batteries, mais pâtit aussi du manque d'outils de CAO permettant d'automatiser la phase de layout qui est assez laborieuse et prend beaucoup de temps. Cette thèse se situe dans ce contexte. Elle traite de deux domaines assez distincts mais complémentaires, à savoir la conception de circuits intégrés analogiques à faible tension d'alimentation, et la génération automatique (ou assistée) du layout de ces circuits à l'aide d'algorithmes et de logiciels appropriés. L'aboutissement de cette thèse est, premièrement, la création d'une nouvelle méthode de conception de circuits intégré analogiques, plus précisement la génération d'une technique de conception de nouvelle structure, plus adaptée aux basses tensions d'alimentation et aux faiblesconsommations, deuxièmement, notre contribution à l'automatisation de la phase du layout des circuits intégrés analogiques, à savoir l'étude détaillée des contraintes analogiques à prendre en compte dans tout outil d'automatisation du layout (Générateur, Placeur, Routeur, Compacteur), ainsi que notre participation au développement de CHIRVAN (outil d'automatisation des masques des circuits intégrés analogiques et mixtes, développés au CNET Grenoble) en aidant à sa mise au point, en l'utilisant, en proposant des améliorations, et surtout en consacrant tous nos efforts à développer un algorithme de placement des cellules analogiques qui prend en compte toutes ces contraintes analogiques

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Zhu, Yi. "Approche hybride : une approche pour une meilleure intégration des outils CAAD dans le développement du processus architecturale du projet." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8443.

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Avec l’usage élargi de la CAAO, ces outils ont été largement utilisés dans le processus de conception architecturale. En dépit des fonctionnalités avancées offertes par les systèmes de CAAO, l'utilisation de la CAAO est principalement concentrée dans les étapes de production, comme un support graphique pour le dessin, la modélisation, le rendu et la simulation. Par conséquent, il est raisonnable de considérer que la situation actuelle relative à l’usage de la CAAO dans la profession d'architecte appelle à de nouvelles améliorations. En d'autres termes, nous devons trouver un moyen de mieux intégrer la technologie et les outils de CAAO dans le processus de conception architecturale, qui est notre question de recherche. Nous avons besoin de savoir comment la CAAO pourrait être utilisée pour améliorer la capacité de conception de l'architecte. Il ressort des discussions et des recherches menées pour cette étude que nous voulons un soutien de la technologie pour nous aider à mieux concevoir et non pas que la technologie conçoive à notre place. Nous aimerions avoir un système de CAAO qui pourrait nous servir d’assistant à la conception. En étudiant la situation de l'intégration des outils de CAAO dans les pratiques actuelles de conception des architectes et en examinant les approches utilisées dans les premières tentatives de développement d’un outil de CAAO intégré au processus de conception, on peut conclure que l'approche exploratoire et heuristique serait une meilleure approche qui pourrait être adaptée pour développer un système CAAO en soutien au travail de l’architecte. De plus, une étude plus approfondie a démontré que les deux sous- approches des approches exploratoires et heuristiques (approches basées sur les cas et les contraintes), sont applicables, mais aucune d'elles n'est suffisante. Par conséquent, l’approche hybride qui prend en compte les avantages de chacune des deux sous- approches précitées serait la plus applicable. Elle nous permettrait de développer un outil CAAD qui pourrait vraiment être intégré dans le processus de conception architecturale. Cette conclusion a été vérifiée par une étude complémentaire basée sur des entrevues.
The CAAD tools have been widely adopted in the architectural design process with the popular utilization of CAAD. In spite of the advanced features that have been designed for the CAAD systems, the utilization of CAAD is mainly concentrated on the production stage of design, as a graphic medium for drawing, modeling, rendering and simulation. Therefore, it is reasonable to deem that the current situation of CAAD tools involvement in the architectural profession is calling for further improvement. In other words, we need to find a way to better integrate the CAAD tools/technology into the architectural conceptual design stage, which is our research question. We need to find out how CAAD could be utilized to improve the architect’s design ability during the conceptual design. The discussion and research conducted for this study lead to the assessment that we want technology to help us design better, but not to design for us. We would like to have a CAAD system that could help us as a design assistant. By studying the current situation of the integration of CAAD tools into architects’ design practice and reviewing the approaches that have been employed to create a CAAD tool that could be better integrated into the design process, we reach the decision that the exploring & heuristic approach would be a preferred approach that could be adopted to further develop a more feasible CAAD system. In addition, within the two sub-approaches of the Exploring & Heuristic Approaches (case-based approach and constraint approach), further study has proved that both of them are applicable approaches, but neither of them could sufficiently serve as the sole approach for this purpose. Therefore, a hybrid approach that takes advantage of both approaches would be the most applicable one because it can help us develop a CAAD tool that could be really integrated into the conceptual architectural design procedure.

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Neto, Brenda Janeth Gomes. "Reabilitação protética unitária com utilização do sistema CAD-CAM CEREC : versão Chairside." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15865.

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Introdução: Nas últimas duas décadas, tem-se verificado um grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia de desenho e maquinação assistidas por computador (CAD-CAM) aplicada à Medicina Dentária, sobretudo na área da Prostodontia Fixa. Entre os sistemas existentes no mercado, o sistema CEREC® é o mais antigo e mais implementado, apresentando duas versões: uma de utilização em consultório (chairside) e outra de utilização em laboratório. A primeira tem como principal vantagem executar uma restauração unitária fixa (parcial ou total) em cerâmica dentária, no consultório dentário, logo após a execução da preparação dentária, contribuindo para a diminuição do tempo de tratamento. Nesta dissertação fazemos uma revisão bibliográfica dedicada à tecnologia CAD-CAM, e apresentamos um caso clínico da consulta de Prostodontia Fixa da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Caso Clínico: Paciente do sexo feminino, com pouca disponibilidade para se dirigir à Clinica Dentária Universitária da UCP, e com discromia dentária do dente 21. Após o registo dos elementos de diagnóstico, foi estabelecido um plano de tratamento que passou pela realização de uma coroa total em cerâmica feldspática, utilizando o sistema CEREC®- versão chairside. Discussão: O comportamento óptico de uma cerâmica feldspática é determinado por: combinação da cor estrutural do dente subjacente, espessura da cerâmica e cor do cimento utilizado. O resultado obtido não foi o desejado, face à cor final da restauração depois de cimentada (nível B). Neste caso clínico, utilizou-se um cimento adesivo auto-condicionante, o Multilink Automix®, de cor transparente (material disponível na Clínica Dentária Universitária da UCP). O dente encontrava-se endodonciado e com descoloração da dentina, assim, teria sido mais indicado a utilização de um “branco opaco”, de forma a garantir uma maior opacidade sobre o coto dentinário. Contudo, relativamente à gestão da consulta, à utilização desta tecnologia CAD-CAM e ao resultado da restauração (adaptação marginal, forma anatómica e textura), o trabalho desenvolvido foi satisfatório (nível A) e a paciente ficou agradada com o resultado obtido. Conclusão: O sistema CEREC®-versão chairside permite, em apenas uma consulta, a realização de restaurações de cerâmica feldspática e implica um conhecimento profundo dos materiais restauradores e dos cimentos que devem ser utilizados em cada situação clínica
Introduction: In the last two decades, there has been a great development in design technology and computer-aided machining (CAD-CAM) applied to dentistry, particularly in the area of Fixed Prosthodontics. Among the systems on the market, the CEREC® system is the oldest and most implemented and has two versions: one for use within surgery (chairside) and another for use within the dental laboratory. The main advantage of the first version is the possibility to perform a single-unit fixed restoration (partial or total) using dental ceramic within surgery, shortly after the execution of the tooth preparation, contributing to the reduction of treatment time. In this thesis we review literature dedicated to CAD-CAM technology, and we present a clinical case of a Fixed Prosthodontics consultation of the Catholic University of Portugal. Case Study: Female patient, with little willingness to attend the University Dental Clinic of the UCP, and with dyschromia on the tooth 21. After registration of the diagnostic elements, a treatment plan was established in which a full feldspathic ceramic crown was performed using CEREC® system – chairside version. Discussion: The optical behaviour of a feldspathic ceramic is determined by: an association of the underlying tooth structural color, ceramic thickness and color of the cement used. The result obtained was not the desired because of the final color of the restoration after cementation (level B). In this case study, we used self-etching adhesive cement, Multilink Automix® with transparent color (material available at the University Dental Clinic of the UCP). The tooth had an endodontic treatment present and had discoloration of the dentine so it would have been more appropriate the use of an "opaque white", with the aim of creating a greater opacity over the stump. However, regarding the management of the consultation, the use of CAD-CAM technology and the end result of the restoration (marginal adaptation, anatomical shape and texture), the work was satisfactory (level A) and the patient was pleased with the result obtained. Conclusion: The CEREC® system – chairside version allows for feldspathic ceramic restorations to be made in a single consultation and requires a thorough knowledge of the restorative materials and cements to be used in each clinical situation.

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Marques, Marina Escudeiro. "Ensino da tecnologia CAD/CAM nos cursos de medicina dentária da Península Ibérica." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/21776.

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Introdução: A tecnologia digital tem tido uma evolução muito rápida nas últimas três décadas, particularmente com a introdução dos sistemas CAD-CAM, mais direcionados para a confecção de restaurações indirectas na área da Prostodontia. Objetivos: Estudar o método de ensino e importância atribuída à tecnologia CAD-CAM nas instituições de ensino de Medicina Dentária na Península Ibérica. Pretendeu-se também analisar: em que ciclos de estudos a tecnologia CAD-CAM é lecionada, nomeadamente Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária (MIMD) em Portugal e o seu equivalente Grado en Odontología em Espanha, assim como ciclos de estudos avançados (pós-graduação, mestrados, especializações e doutoramentos); quais as áreas disciplinares que incluem no seu programa conteúdos sobre esta tecnologia; qual a tipologia de ensino aplicada (teórica, teórico-prática ou clínica); qual o nível de ensino dos conteúdos programáticos; qual o nível de utilização em ambiente clínico; e qual a importância atribuída pelos docentes a esta tecnologia para a aprendizagem nas diversas áreas de Reabilitação Oral. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal. Foram contactadas todas as Instituições de Ensino Superior de Medicina Dentária da Península Ibérica. A taxa de resposta foi de 48% (total: 12 instituições). Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário online, dedicado a temática do ensino da Tecnologia de CAD/CAM ao nível do MIMD, pós-graduação e doutoramento. Resultados: A grande maioria dos docentes aborda a tecnologia de CAD/CAM na formação dos futuros Médicos Dentistas na Península Ibérica. No MIMD em Portugal, esta matéria ocupa, maioritariamente, menos de 5 horas a ser lecionada e durante a pós-graduação esta é abordada, em 43%, durante mais de 15 horas. Já em Espanha, durante o Grado en Odontología, metade da população alvo indica abordar o tema também por menos de 5 horas e 25% por mais de 15 horas. Na pós-graduação em Espanha, 43% da população indica abordar o tema entre 10-15 horas e 43% por mais de 15 horas. A maioria dos alunos, na prática clínica universitária tem já acesso a um sistema CAD/CAM, dentro da própria Faculdade. Contudo, em Portugal este é apenas utilizado em situações pontuais, enquanto em Espanha é utilizado de uma forma mais rotineira na prática clínica universitária. Quanto aos materiais utilizados, em Portugal é utilizado o dissilicato de lítio, a zircónia e metais; já em Espanha, apesar de estes serem os mais utilizados, outros materiais como a alumina, leucite, cerâmicas feldspáticas e compósitos são também empregados para a construção de restaurações indiretas. Todos os docentes, em Portugal, afirmam que os seus alunos não se encontram preparados para trabalhar com os sistemas CAD/CAM sem formação adicional. Em Espanha, durante o Grado en Odontología a maioria (75%) também afirma que os seus alunos não estão preparados para trabalhar com um sistema CAD/CAM, no entanto para o nível de pós-graduação, 67% afirma que estão preparados. Conclusões: A tecnologia CAD-CAM é abordada em todos os níveis de ensino superior de Medicina Dentária, tanto em Portugal como em Espanha. Contudo, os docentes consideram que os alunos não se encontram preparados para lidar com esta tecnologia sem formação adicional. Apesar disso, a maioria reconhece a importância destes sistemas, o que revela necessidade de integrar de forma adequada a tecnologia CAD/CAM nas instituições de ensino superior de Medicina Dentária
Introduction: In the last three decades there has been a major evolution on digital dentistry, mainly related to CAD-CAM system, particularly used for indirect restorations in Prosthodontics. Objectives: To analyze how CAD-CAM technology is included in the dental education curricula of the dental schools in the Iberian Peninsula, particularly: the level of dental education where it is taught (Dental Medicine Degree, Post-graduations, PhD programs); in which subjects is this theme included; the type of lectures (theoretical, theoretical-practical or clinical); the educational level of the syllabus; the level of use in a clinical setting; and the value that Faculty elements consider on Oral Rehabilitation learning. Methods: A cross-sectional observational epidemiological study was conducted. All the Dental Education Higher Education Institutions of the Iberia Peninsula were contacted. The response rate was 48% (total: 12 institutions). All the data were collected via an online questionnaire, dedicated to the theme of CAD/CAM technology in the different levels of higher education. Results: The vast majority of Professor covers the CAD/CAM technology in the training of future Dentists in the Iberian Peninsula. In the DMD course in Portugal (MIMD), this contents occupies less than 5 hours in the subject syllabus, and in the post-graduation programs, over 15 hours in 43% of the institutions. In the DMD Course (Grado) in Spain half of the target population also address this issues on less than 5 hours and 25% for more than 15 hours. In Post-graduate education in Spain, 43% of the target population address this issue between 10-15 hours and 43% for more than 15 hours. Most of students in the university clinic already have access to CAD/CAM systems, within the Institution. However, in Portugal it is used only in specific situations, while in Spain it is used more routinely in a university clinical practice. As for the materials used in CAD-CAM systems, the most common in Portugal are: lithium disilicate, zirconia and metals; in Spain, although these are also the most common used materials, other materials such as alumina, leucite, feldspathic ceramics and composites are also used for the construction of indirect restorations. All Professors in Portugal claim that their students are not prepared to work with CAD / CAM systems without additional training. In Spain, during the graduation in Dentistry, the majority (75%) consider that their students are not prepared to work with a CAD/CAM system. In a Post-Graduation level, 67% consider to be prepared. Conclusions: CAD-CAM theme is already addressed at all levels of education of Dentistry, both in Portugal and in Spain, but Professors say that students are not prepared to deal with this technology without additional training. Nevertheless, most recognize the importance of it, which shows the need to integrate properly CAD/CAM technology in higher education institutions of Dental Medicine.

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Morais, João Paulo Sousa. "Churn Prediction in SaaS CAE Industry." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135108.

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Morais, João Paulo Sousa. "Churn Prediction in SaaS CAE Industry." Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135108.

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Neuhaus, Victor. "Einfluss der Ca2+/Calmodulin-abhängigen Proteinkinase II delta auf den L-Typ Ca2+-Strom -Untersuchungen anhand eines genetischen Knock-outs im Mausmodell." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7CEA-8.

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Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre Valado. "Efeitos de três programas de treino distintos incidentes no Ciclo Alongamento-Encurtamento (CAE)." Master's thesis, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/116907.

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O termo "Pliométrico" provem do grego Plyethein, que significa "aumentar", e Metrique, que significa "comprimento".O treino pliométrico é um método comumente utilizado para maximizar a produção de força baseado na utilização do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento (CAE) muscular. Este tipo de treino é visto como a ponte entre a força e a potência.Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos no CAE de três programas de treino pliométrico diferentes com uma duração de 11 semanas, sendo três de avaliação (primeira, quinta e decima primeira semanas) e 8 de treino (da segunda à quinta semana e da sétima à decima). Participaram 24 estudantes da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto Os quais foram divididos em 4 grupos, 9 sujeitos no grupo assistidos (GA), 7 sujeitos no grupo pliométrico (GP), 6 sujeitos no grupo tradicional (GT) e 2 sujeitos no grupo controlo (GC). Recorremos ao teste estatístico Kruskal Wallis de medidas independentes e Friedman de medidas repetidas para verificarmos se existiam diferenças significativas entre os grupos entre os diferentes momentos nas três variáveis estudadas em cada momento. Posteriormente quando eram detetadas diferenças foi usado o Mann Whitney para determinar entre que grupos havia diferenças significativas e Wilcoxon para os momentos. O valor de significância foi estabelecido em α≤0.05. Os resultados indicam que os três programas de treino obtiveram melhorias significativas nas variáveis altura de salto e tempo de voo. Na velocidade do takeoff, apenas o GP logrou diferenças significativas. Os grupos assistidos e tradicionais melhoram a altura de salto e o tempo de voo; o treino pliométrico melhora todas as variáveis estudadas.O treino tradicional promove alturas de salto e tempos de voo superiores ao treino assistido.
The term "plyometric" comes from the Greek Plyethein, which means "increase," and Metrique, which means "length."Plyometric training is a commonly used method to maximize strength production based on the use of the stretching-shortening cycle (SSC). This type of training is seen as the bridge between strength and power.This study aimed to determine the effects on the SSC of three different plyometric training programs with a duration of 11 weeks, being 3 of evaluation and 8 of training. Twenty-four students of the Sports Faculty of the University of Porto were involved in the study divided into 4 groups: Assisted Group (GA), Plyometric Group (GP), traditional group (GT) and control group (GC). Kruskal Wallis test of independent measures and Friedman of repeated measures were used to verify if there were significant differences between the groups on the different moments in the three variables studied. Later when the differences were detected the Mann Whitney was used to determine between which groups there were significant differences and Wilcoxon for the moments. The significance value was established in α ≤ 0.05. The results indicate that the three training programs have achieved significant improvements in the jump height and flight time variables. At the speed of takeoff, only the GP has achieved significant differences. Assisted and traditional groups improve the jump height and flight time; plyometric training group improves all variables studied.It was concluded that traditional training method promotes jump heights and flight times higher than assisted training.

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Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre Valado. "Efeitos de três programas de treino distintos incidentes no Ciclo Alongamento-Encurtamento (CAE)." Dissertação, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/116907.

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O termo "Pliométrico" provem do grego Plyethein, que significa "aumentar", e Metrique, que significa "comprimento".O treino pliométrico é um método comumente utilizado para maximizar a produção de força baseado na utilização do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento (CAE) muscular. Este tipo de treino é visto como a ponte entre a força e a potência.Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos no CAE de três programas de treino pliométrico diferentes com uma duração de 11 semanas, sendo três de avaliação (primeira, quinta e decima primeira semanas) e 8 de treino (da segunda à quinta semana e da sétima à decima). Participaram 24 estudantes da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto Os quais foram divididos em 4 grupos, 9 sujeitos no grupo assistidos (GA), 7 sujeitos no grupo pliométrico (GP), 6 sujeitos no grupo tradicional (GT) e 2 sujeitos no grupo controlo (GC). Recorremos ao teste estatístico Kruskal Wallis de medidas independentes e Friedman de medidas repetidas para verificarmos se existiam diferenças significativas entre os grupos entre os diferentes momentos nas três variáveis estudadas em cada momento. Posteriormente quando eram detetadas diferenças foi usado o Mann Whitney para determinar entre que grupos havia diferenças significativas e Wilcoxon para os momentos. O valor de significância foi estabelecido em α≤0.05. Os resultados indicam que os três programas de treino obtiveram melhorias significativas nas variáveis altura de salto e tempo de voo. Na velocidade do takeoff, apenas o GP logrou diferenças significativas. Os grupos assistidos e tradicionais melhoram a altura de salto e o tempo de voo; o treino pliométrico melhora todas as variáveis estudadas.O treino tradicional promove alturas de salto e tempos de voo superiores ao treino assistido.
The term "plyometric" comes from the Greek Plyethein, which means "increase," and Metrique, which means "length."Plyometric training is a commonly used method to maximize strength production based on the use of the stretching-shortening cycle (SSC). This type of training is seen as the bridge between strength and power.This study aimed to determine the effects on the SSC of three different plyometric training programs with a duration of 11 weeks, being 3 of evaluation and 8 of training. Twenty-four students of the Sports Faculty of the University of Porto were involved in the study divided into 4 groups: Assisted Group (GA), Plyometric Group (GP), traditional group (GT) and control group (GC). Kruskal Wallis test of independent measures and Friedman of repeated measures were used to verify if there were significant differences between the groups on the different moments in the three variables studied. Later when the differences were detected the Mann Whitney was used to determine between which groups there were significant differences and Wilcoxon for the moments. The significance value was established in α ≤ 0.05. The results indicate that the three training programs have achieved significant improvements in the jump height and flight time variables. At the speed of takeoff, only the GP has achieved significant differences. Assisted and traditional groups improve the jump height and flight time; plyometric training group improves all variables studied.It was concluded that traditional training method promotes jump heights and flight times higher than assisted training.

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Fernandes, Cristiana Henriques. "Scaffolds and Bioreactor characterisation towards Bone Regeneration: proposal of a computer-aided design model." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/4440.

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Over the last decades, the number of occupational accidents associated with bone problems has increased leading to a growing concern worldwide. Currently, autografts, allografts, and xenografts are used for bone regeneration. However, their application have associated risks. Tissue Engineering (TE) has investigated solutions to address these problems, specifically through the production of temporary supports, also called biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds, which allow cell adhesion and proliferation, providing mechanical support to the formation of new bone tissue. These three-dimensional supports must meet certain requirements, namely mechanical and biological. Upon its production and in order to give an appropriate answer, the material must be biocompatible as well as the products derived from its degradation. The combination of materials and structure with the technique to be used will directly influence their physical and chemical properties and, consequently, their action in contributing to bone regeneration. Thus, the focus of this dissertation is to perform a critical analysis of the state-of-art in bone TE and present a proposal of an optimized temporary support geometry. For this, the choice of biomaterials, cells and their culture conditions (static vs. dynamic) and/or the addition of growth factors for the repair of large bone defects are addressed is addressed.

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Ramos, Afonso José da Silva Martins Nunes. "Vela Autónoma." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/38074.

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Veículos autónomos de superfície são uma tecnologia promissora, apresentando vantagens em missões longas, reduzindo o risco e o custo das mesmas. Esta tese propõe o aprontamento de um veleiro autónomo totalmente operacional, proporcionando à Marinha uma base para o desenvolvimento de futuras embarcações autónomas. Iniciouse o projeto com o desenho de um incremento vertical ao casco, através do programa SolidWorks, de modo a albergar os novos componentes de controlo dos mastros, seguido do estudo e desenvolvimento destes componentes e sua montagem. O algoritmo de controlo de leitura dos novos sensores foi desenvolvido. De seguida foram implementados os novos sensores, nomeadamente anemómetro, bússola e placa de microcontrolador, operando no sistema NMEA1 . O trabalho será finalizado com provas de mar e análise dos seus resultados.
Autonomous surface vehicles are promising technology, offering improvements in extense missions, by reducing their risk and cost. This project proposes to assemble a fully operational autonomous sailboat, providing the Portuguese Navy with a basis for the development of future autonomous vessels. The work begun with the design of a vertical increment to the hull, using SolidWorks, for the accomodation of the new mast control componentes, followed by the study and development of such componentes and its assembly. The command algorithm was upgraded to encompass the new sensors. New sensors were implemented , namely an anemometer, compass and microcontroller, integrated in the NMEA system. Test results and its analysis will be accomplished after sea trials.

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Simões, Ana Guilherme. "O uso da Common Assessment Framework (CAF) em Portugal: Determinantes da continuidade do modelo." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23711.

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A qualidade, é um elemento fundamental nas organizações. Nas organizações públicas passou a ser uma exigência, uma vez que a gestão da qualidade torna as organizações capacitadas a responder de forma eficaz e eficiente aos seus destinatários. O modelo de autoavaliação Common Assessment Framework (CAF) foi criado para introduzir na Administração Pública os princípios da Gestão da Qualidade Total, já utilizada no sector privado. O objetivo é implementar nas organizações uma cultura de avaliação e de melhoria continua sensibilizando todos os seus participantes para as questões de melhoria e mudanças necessárias a realizar para proporcionar um serviço de qualidade. Na presente dissertação, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário às organizações da educação e investigação e da saúde, identificamos os fatores que influenciam a continuidade do uso do modelo, após primeira aplicação deste.
Quality is a key element in organizations. In public organizations, it has become a requirement since quality management enables organizations to respond effectively and efficiently to their customers. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) self-assessment model was created to introduce in Public Administration the principles of Total Quality Management, already used in the private sector. The goal is to implement a culture of evaluation and continuous improvement in organizations by making all its participants aware of improvement issues and the changes needed to provide a quality service. In this dissertation, with the application of a survey to education, research, and health organizations, we identify the factors that influence the continuity of the use of the model, after its first application.

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Azevedo, António Gil Cabral de. "Identification of genetic modifiers of somatic CAG instability in Huntington's Disease by in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome Editing." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/103709.

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Azevedo, António Gil Cabral de. "Identification of genetic modifiers of somatic CAG instability in Huntington's Disease by in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome Editing." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/103709.

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Martins, João Filipe Gomes. "Estudo do efeito de polioxometalatos com propriedades antibacterianas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14819.

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A permanente ocorrência de multirresistências bacterianas, nomeadamente por bactérias resistentes a antibióticos de última geração, aumenta a necessidade de encontrar novos compostos antibacterianos. Os polioxometalatos (POMs) são aglomerados de oxometalatos de metais de transição, particularmente molibdénio (Mo), tungsténio (W) e vanádio (V) que apresentam atividade antibacteriana. Os POMs puros, híbridos e nanopartículas contendo POMs apresentam atividades antibacterianas cada vez mais específicas e promissoras e por isso têm sido considerados como potenciais fármacos do futuro no tratamento de infeções bacterianas. Emboras os mecanismos de ação dos POMs não sejam totalmente conhecidos, as proteínas de membrana constituem potenciais alvos de ação. Na presente dissertação, analisou-se pela primeira vez o efeito de um polioxotungstato (POT) do tipo Preyssler ([NaP5W30O110]-14, abreviado de P5W30) na atividade da Ca2+-ATPase, bem como no crescimento de bactérias Gram positivas e Gram negativas, algumas das quais multirresistentes. Verificou-se que o P5W30 inibe a atividade da Ca2+-ATPase (IC50 0,4 μM) sendo um dos mais potentes inibidores até agora referidos. O P5W30 apresenta um tipo de inibição mista para esta ATPase. Os efeitos de P5W30 contra bactérias Gram negativas e Gram positivas foram analisados verificando-se que afeta fortemente as Gram positivas. Adicionalmente, analisou-se ainda combinações do composto P5W30 com os antibióticos cefoxitina, vancomicina e cloranfenicol contra a bactéria MRSA 16. Verificou-se um efeito sinérgico com o antibiótico cefoxitina. Observou-se ainda, pela primeira vez, um efeito sinérgico entre um POT e o antibiótico cloranfenicol ao reverter a resistência da bactéria MRSA 16 a este antibiótico. Em conclusão, verificou-se que o composto P5W30 inibe fortemente a Ca2+-ATPase interagindo com a enzima em outro local para além do local ativo. O P5W30 apresenta potencial antibacteriano e ação sinérgica com antibióticos contra bactérias multirresistentes. Sugere-se uma potencial aplicação deste polioxometalato como futuro agente no combate contra bactérias multirresistentes.
The continued occurrence of bacterial multidrug resistance, increases the need to find new antibacterial compounds. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are metal oxide clusters of transition metals, particularly molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) and vanadium (V) that exhibit antibacterial activity. Pure, hybrid and nanoparticle POMs containing POMs have increasingly specific and promising antibacterial activities and have therefore been considered as potential future drugs in the treatment of bacterial infections. The POMs’ mechanisms of action remain unclear, however, membrane proteins are potential targets. In the present dissertation, the effect of a Preyssler-type polyoxotungstate (POT) ([NaP5W30O110]-14) (abbreviated P5W30) on Ca2+-ATPase activity as well as on the growth of collection and clinical multiresistant Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was first analyzed. P5W30 has been found to inhibit Ca2+-ATPase activity (IC50 0,4 μM), being one of the most potent inhibitors so far reported. P5W30 has a mixed inhibition type for this ATPase. The effects of P5W30 against various bacteria, was analyzed and was found more active against Gram positive bacteria. Furthermore, combinations of compound P5W30 with the antibiotics cefoxitin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol against the bacterium MRSA 16 were also evaluated. A synergistic effect was observed with the antibiotic cefoxitin. A synergistic effect was also observed for the first time between a POT and chloramphenicol by reversing the resistance of the strain MRSA 16 to this antibiotic. In conclusion, it was found that the compound P5W30 inhibits Ca2+-ATPase by interacting with the enzyme at a site other than the active one. It also has individual antibacterial potential and synergistic action in combination with antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria. A potential application of this POT as a future agent against multidrug resistant bacteria is also suggested.

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Gil, Milene. "A Conservação e Restauro da pintura mural nas fachadas alentejanas: estudo científico dos materiais e tecnologias antigas da cor." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/50252.

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A caiação a cor (ou pintura a cal) foi, a par da caiação simples, o género de pintura mais usado nos alçados exteriores das edificações portuguesas do sul de Portugal até cerca da segunda metade do século XX. No Alentejo, subsistem vários exemplos de pinturas monocromáticas ou com decoração de tipologia variada (ex. fingidos de pedras, tijolos, azulejos, motivos vegetalistas, etc.). Numa época em que é reconhecido o valor histórico deste tipo de superfícies pintadas e, cada vez mais, se opta pela sua salvaguarda, torna-se urgente no âmbito da conservação e restauro, a caracterização dos pigmentos inorgânicos utilizados (com destaque para os pigmentos terra), das técnicas de preparação e de aplicação das tintas de cal e sua influência na aparência das superfícies pintadas. Este foi objectivo principal desta pesquisa que se desenvolveu em três fases. A primeira, levantamento em fontes históricas de dados técnicos sobre a pintura a cal e da existência de matéria-prima para pintura em Portugal, do seu processamento e escoamento em território nacional. A segunda, registo fotográfico, recolha e estudo laboratorial dos pigmentos e das técnicas a cal presentes nas fachadas de edifícios em 47 centros históricos alentejanos; identificação de terras coradas extraídas localmente pelas populações, dos modos de extracção e de preparação para as caiações e, por último, comparação da composição e propriedades ópticas das terras coradas locais com pigmentos de origem industrial disponíveis ainda localmente. A terceira fase consistiu na análise colorimétrica de reproduções de pinturas a cal e de barramentos pigmentados. As técnicas de análise utilizadas foram a difractometria e de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X (DRX, WD e ED-XRF), microquimica, espectroscopia de absorção de infravermelho (FTIR), microscopia óptica (MO) e electrónica de varrimento (MEVEDX), análise granulométrica com laser e ablação com laser, seguida de espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (LA-ICP-MS). Através dos inventários da Real Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, catálogos de Exposições Industriais, Manuais de Mineralogia e outros do final do século XVIII até à segunda metade do século XX, são localizadas no continente, nas ilhas e nas ex-colónias (e.g. Brasil e Angola) várias fontes de ocres e outros pigmentos inorgânicos (e.g. cinábrio, azurite, malaquite). A lavra, o processamento e o escoamento destes materiais são esclarecidos pelos processos de duas pedreiras de ocres e almagres e por indústrias portuguesas de “terras corantes” da década de 40/50 do século XX. Na região do Alentejo, as terras coradas têm origem em terras rossas, em produtos de alteração de mineralizações ricas em ferro e em xistos. Nos centros históricos, os pigmentos identificados foram, por ordem decrescente de utilização, os pigmentos vermelhos e amarelos à base de Fe(III), os pretos de natureza variada e o azul ultramarino artificial. A comparação entre os pigmentos naturais e os sintéticos revela diferenças significativas na composição elementar e mineralógica, bem como nas características físicas e ópticas. Os pigmentos foram empregues em várias concentrações (sobretudo elevadas) e em leites preferencialmente enriquecidos em cal. A observação estratigráfica das amostras revela que a técnica do fresco e do mezzo-fresco foi também praticada. Para finalizar, a análise das reproduções feitas em condições experimentais idênticas, mostra a influência do tipo de pigmento, da sua concentração, do grau de diluição da tinta a cal e das técnicas de aplicação na cor e nos atributos da aparência das superfícies pintadas. Revela igualmente que o grau de atenuamento da cor pelo processo de carbonatação da cal é bastante variável.

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Serrano, Ana Patrícia Varela. "Estudo dos efeitos de polioxometalatos com propriedades anticancerígenas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14814.

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Os polioxometalatos (POMs) têm sido referidos como potenciais anticancerígenos do futuro. Assim, este trabalho focou-se em estudar os efeitos anticancerígenos de um POM sobre o qual pouco se sabe – o P2W15. Começou-se por determinar um valor de inibição de 50% da atividade (IC50) da Ca2+-ATPase, conhecida como sendo um potencial alvo molecular para o tratamento de várias doenças, de 0,6 μM (um dos mais baixos para esta bomba iónica até agora). Adicionalmente, verificou-se um tipo de inibição mista que sugere que o P2W15 pode-se ligar ao local ativo e/ou a um local alostérico. Um estudo com incubações de 60 min sugere que o composto não se decompõe noutras espécies, mostrando estabilidade. Determinou-se, pela primeira vez, o IC50 (> 100 μM) de um POM (P2W15) para aquaporinas (AQP3) que também são conhecidas como potenciais alvos para o tratamento de várias doenças (incluindo o cancro). Estudos antiproliferativos com o P2W15 em células de carcinoma pancreático, BxPC3, demonstraram uma percentagem de fecho de ferida de 81%, menos 12% que o controlo (P > 0,05). Adicionalmente, testou-se a capacidade do P2W15 afetar a viabilidade celular das células BxPC3 e obteve-se um IC50 ≈ 40 μM. Por último, testou-se a capacidade antioxidante do P2W15, em conjunto com 6 outros POMs, obtendo-se um valor de 4%. Em conclusão, o P2W15 inibe diferentemente a Ca2+-ATPase e a AQP3. O efeito inibitório nas células de carcinoma pancreático sugere que o P2W15 poderá ser um agente promissor no tratamento de cancro.
Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been described as potential anticancer drugs of the future. Therefore, this work was focused on studying the anticancer effects of a POM of which not that much is known – P2W15. First, it was determined a value of inhibition of 50% of the activity (IC50) of Ca2+-ATPase, known as a potential molecular target for the treatment of several diseases, of 0,6 μM (one of the lowest to this ionic pump until now). Furthermore, it was observed a mixed type inhibition that suggests that P2W15 can bind to the active site and/or to an allosteric site. A study done with incubations of 60 min suggests that the compound doesn’t decompose into other species, showing it’s stability. It was determined, for the first time, the IC50 (> 100 μM) of a POM (P2W15) to aquaporins (AQP3), that are also known as potential targets for the treatment of several diseases (including cancer). Antiproliferative studies done with P2W15 in pancreatic carcinoma cells, BxPC3, showed a percentage of wound closing of 81%, minus 12% than the control (P > 0,05). Additionally, the capacity of P2W15 affecting the cell viability of BxPC3 cells was tested, obtaining an IC50 of ≈ 40 μM. Finally, the antioxidant capacity of P2W15 was tested, along with 6 other POMs, and a result of 4% was obtained. In conclusion, P2W15 inhibits Ca2+-ATPase and AQP3 differently. The inhibitory effect on the pancreatic carcinoma cells suggests that P2W15 might be a promissing agent in the treatment of this type of cancer.

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Soares, Filipe Cruz Gomes. "Computer-aided detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in 2D and 3D medical imaging through multifractal analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4244.

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This Thesis describes the research work performed in the scope of a doctoral research program and presents its conclusions and contributions. The research activities were carried on in the industry with Siemens S.A. Healthcare Sector, in integration with a research team. Siemens S.A. Healthcare Sector is one of the world biggest suppliers of products, services and complete solutions in the medical sector. The company offers a wide selection of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and information systems. Siemens products for medical imaging and in vivo diagnostics include: ultrasound, computer tomography, mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, magnetic resonance, equipment to angiography and coronary angiography, nuclear imaging, and many others. Siemens has a vast experience in Healthcare and at the beginning of this project it was strategically interested in solutions to improve the detection of Breast Cancer, to increase its competitiveness in the sector. The company owns several patents related with self-similarity analysis, which formed the background of this Thesis. Furthermore, Siemens intended to explore commercially the computer- aided automatic detection and diagnosis eld for portfolio integration. Therefore, with the high knowledge acquired by University of Beira Interior in this area together with this Thesis, will allow Siemens to apply the most recent scienti c progress in the detection of the breast cancer, and it is foreseeable that together we can develop a new technology with high potential. The project resulted in the submission of two invention disclosures for evaluation in Siemens A.G., two articles published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in ISI Science Citation Index, two other articles submitted in peer-reviewed journals, and several international conference papers. This work on computer-aided-diagnosis in breast led to innovative software and novel processes of research and development, for which the project received the Siemens Innovation Award in 2012. It was very rewarding to carry on such technological and innovative project in a socially sensitive area as Breast Cancer.
No cancro da mama a deteção precoce e o diagnóstico correto são de extrema importância na prescrição terapêutica e caz e e ciente, que potencie o aumento da taxa de sobrevivência à doença. A teoria multifractal foi inicialmente introduzida no contexto da análise de sinal e a sua utilidade foi demonstrada na descrição de comportamentos siológicos de bio-sinais e até na deteção e predição de patologias. Nesta Tese, três métodos multifractais foram estendidos para imagens bi-dimensionais (2D) e comparados na deteção de microcalci cações em mamogramas. Um destes métodos foi também adaptado para a classi cação de massas da mama, em cortes transversais 2D obtidos por ressonância magnética (RM) de mama, em grupos de massas provavelmente benignas e com suspeição de malignidade. Um novo método de análise multifractal usando a lacunaridade tri-dimensional (3D) foi proposto para classi cação de massas da mama em imagens volumétricas 3D de RM de mama. A análise multifractal revelou diferenças na complexidade subjacente às localizações das microcalci cações em relação aos tecidos normais, permitindo uma boa exatidão da sua deteção em mamogramas. Adicionalmente, foram extraídas por análise multifractal características dos tecidos que permitiram identi car os casos tipicamente recomendados para biópsia em imagens 2D de RM de mama. A análise multifractal 3D foi e caz na classi cação de lesões mamárias benignas e malignas em imagens 3D de RM de mama. Este método foi mais exato para esta classi cação do que o método 2D ou o método padrão de análise de contraste cinético tumoral. Em conclusão, a análise multifractal fornece informação útil para deteção auxiliada por computador em mamogra a e diagnóstico auxiliado por computador em imagens 2D e 3D de RM de mama, tendo o potencial de complementar a interpretação dos radiologistas.

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Sousa, Andrea Maria Pinto de Oliveira e. "Interacção de complexos de vanádio-citrato com a bomba de cálcio de retículo sarcoplasmático." Master's thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8545.

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Dissertação de mest. em Biotecnologia, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciêicias e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2004
A bomba de cálcio de retículo sarcoplasmático (RS) foi caractenzada e comparada em dois modelos animais (coelho e dourada). Demonstrou-se que as preparações de Ca2+-ATPase exibem uma disparidade na constituição proteica, assim como, na quantidade relativa de cada proteína. Esta diferença também foi observada nas actividades hidrolítica e de acumulação de Ca f. Através de uma combinação de estudos cinéticos e espectroscópicos, avahou-se a interacção de soluções de vanadato (contendo várias espécies oligoméricas), de zinco, assim como, de complexos de vanádio-citrato e citrato com a Ca ' -ATPase de RS de coelho. Relativamente aos efeitos promovidos pelas soluções de vanadato e zinco, verificou-se que a espécie decamérica é o inibidor mais potente da actividade ATPásica. O zinco, contrariamente ao vanadato, induz um decréscimo da eficiência da bomba. Adicionalmente, observou-se que estes iões metálicos não exibem um efeito inibitório sinergético na Ca2+-ATPase. As soluções de complexos vanadato-citrato 2 mM induziram uma inibição da acumulação de Ca2 igual ou superior relativamente às espécies oligoméricas de vanadato que as constituem. Através V-RMN foi possível confirmar a interacção destes complexos com a proteína, atribuindo-se os efeitos inibitórios observados aos complexos em si ou a uma acção combinada com as espécies de vanadato. Por fim, avaliou-se a acumulação de vanádio em músculo esquelético de dourada, após contaminação com duas soluções de vanadato 5 mM ( metavanadato^ e "decavanadato") durante um período de exposição de 1, 6 e 12 horas. Ambas soluções de vanadato induzem um aumento na quantidade do metal nos indivíduos contaminado
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump was characterized and compared in two animal models (rabbit and gilthead seabream). It was demonstrated that Ca2+-ATPase preparations exhibit differences in the protein constitution, as well as, in the relative amount of each protein. This difference was also observed in the hidrolytical activity and Ca2f accumulation. ^ Through a combination of kinetic and spectroscopic studies, the interaction of vanadate solutions (containing several oligomeric species) vanadium-citrate complexes, citrate and zinc was evaluated with the rabbit SR Ca -ATPase. Relatively to the promoted effects by vanadate solutions and zinc, it was verified that decameric species is the strongest inhibitor of the ATPasic activity. Zinc, on the contrary to vanadate, induces a decrease in the efficiency ofthe pump. Additionally it was observed that these metal ions do not exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect in the SR Ca f-ATPase. The 2 mM solutions of vanadate-citrate complexes induced a similar or stronger inhibition of the Ca2" accumulation, relatively to the oligomeric vanadate species that constitute them. Through 51V-NMR, it was possible to confirm the interaction of these complexes with the protein, attributing the observed inhibitory effects to the complexes or to a combined action with vanadate species. At last, the accumulation of vanadium in the muscle of gilthead seabream after contamination with two 5 mM vanadate solutions ("metavanadate and decavanadate ) during an exposure period of 1, 6 and 12 hours was evaluated. Both vanadate solutions induce an increase in the metal quantity in the contaminated individuais.

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Neto, Acendino Alves da Silva. "Technological evolution in machining processes with CNC machines in the context of the concept of Industry 4.0." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/57285.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Industrial Engineering
The work related to the project of this dissertation will consist of an analysis of the technological evolution of the machining processes with CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines regarding the new concept of Industry 4.0. The concept fits into the current transformation process for the fourth industrial revolution, such as integrated Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) within the manufacturing processes using the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial processes. Faced with technological advances, the processes of Industrial Engineering in machining using CNC machines must undergo adaptations, aiming at substantial increases in the operational effectiveness. Thus, an approach will be made to understand how current processes can adapt to the concept under study when analyzing the evolution of the machining tools for CNC machines in the face of new processes. A thorough study will be done to adapt the methodology of Industry 4.0 applying it to the machining processes in CNC Machines. Thereby, a proposal for future applications will be given on the topics studied. The methodology will be based entirely on a documental analysis research strategy. The virtual technology in machining tools is still a subject in development, being one of the main factors to be understood in this dissertation. In this study, it will be possible to analyze the main factors that can influence directly or indirectly the production processes of a factory with CNC machines. It will be explored and studied the types of machining processes for CNC machines and the types of machining tools developed with virtual technology. When we are talking about virtual technology, we are usually addressing the need for software. In CNC machining operations, there is a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) software that performs machining simulations for CNC machines. Thus, a study and analysis of a production system involving a CAM software, a tool with virtual technology and CNC machines will be done to verify how this set can work encompassed and what changes this production model introduces. In the sequence of this study, an idea of a new production system will be proposed, allowing for a better understanding of the possibilities for application of new approaches in the future.
O trabalho relacionado ao projeto desta dissertação de mestrado consistirá de uma análise da evolução tecnológica dos processos de usinagem com as máquinas CNC (Comando Numérico Computacional) em relação ao novo conceito da Indústria 4.0. O conceito se enquadra no atual processo de transformação da quarta revolução industrial, com os Sistemas Ciber-Físicos integrados (CPS) dentro dos processos de fabricação que utilizam a Internet das Coisas (IoT) em processos industriais. Diante dos avanços tecnológicos, os processos de Engenharia Industrial em usinagem utilizando máquinas CNC devem sofrer adaptações, visando um aumento substancial na eficácia operacional. Assim, uma abordagem será feita para entender como os processos atuais podem se adaptar ao conceito em estudo, visando também uma análise da evolução das ferramentas de usinagem para máquinas CNC em face de novos processos. Um estudo minucioso será feito para adaptar a metodologia da Indústria 4.0, aplicando-a aos processos de usinagem em máquinas CNC. Com isso, algumas proposta para aplicações futuras serão apresentadas para os tópicos estudados. A metodologia será totalmente baseada em uma estratégia de investigação documental. A tecnologia virtual em ferramentas de usinagem ainda é um assunto em desenvolvimento, sendo um dos principais fatores a serem compreendidos na realização deste trabalho. Neste estudo, será possível analisar os principais fatores que podem influenciar direta ou indiretamente nos processos de produção de uma fábrica com máquinas CNC. Serão explorados e estudados os tipos de processos de usinagem para máquinas CNC e os tipos de ferramentas de usinagem desenvolvidas com tecnologia virtual. Quando abordamos o assunto sobre tecnologia virtual, geralmente estamos a lidar com a necessidade de um software. Nas operações de usinagem CNC, existe um software CAM (Manufatura Assistida por Computador) que realiza simulações de usinagem para máquinas CNC. Assim, um estudo e análise do sistema de produção envolvendo um software CAM, uma ferramenta com tecnologia virtual e máquinas CNC será feito para verificar como este conjunto pode trabalhar englobado e quais as mudanças para esse modelo de produção. Na sequência dessa análise, será proposta uma ideia de um novo sistema de produção, que permite uma melhor compreensão das possibilidades de aplicação no futuro das novas abordagens.

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