Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Outil SaaS'
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Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.
Full textDigital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators
Moreau, Richard. "Le simulateur d'accouchement BirthSIM : un outil complet pour la formation sans risque en obstétrique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267771.
Full textLe simulateur BirthSIM se compose de mannequins anthropomorphes pour assurer la continuité avec la salle d'accouchement. Pour reproduire les forces mises en jeu, un vérin pneumatique commandé par un servodistributeur est asservi en position et en effort afin de simuler différents accouchements. Pour évaluer le geste obstétrique celui-ci est décomposé en deux étapes : la pose des forceps et le geste d'extraction. Pour analyser la pose des forceps, ces derniers ont été instrumentés avec des capteurs de position à six degrés de liberté, puis des méthodes d'analyse des gestes ont été développées pour évaluer objectivement la répétabilité des opérateurs, leur erreur et le taux de similarité de leur geste par rapport à un geste de référence. Concernant le geste d'extraction, un capteur de force placé au niveau du cou foetal enregistre la force exercée par l'opérateur. Une fonction d'évaluation regroupe les paramètres liés à cette extraction
(force maximal, travail, etc.) afin d'obtenir un indice de performance du geste.
Enfin, l'interface de visualisation du simulateur permet aux opérateurs de voir un geste habituellement réalisé en aveugle car prenant place à l'intérieur du bassin maternel. Une méthode d'apprentissage sans risque du geste obstétrique est proposée à l'équipe médicale. En
utilisant les méthodes d'évaluation développées, la progression de la technique des obstétriciens formés sur le simulateur BirthSIM est quantifiée. Les résultats obtenus confirment et complètent les résultats disparates trouvés dans la littérature et attestent de l'intérêt d'un simulateur.
Bakni, Michel. "Outil de dimensionnement trans-niveaux de réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints en énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0087.
Full textWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of battery-powered nodes that include sensors coupled with processing units and wireless transceivers. Nowadays, WSN is a major topic in the research and development domain. Indeed, it constitutes an interesting solution to give an answer to different situations related to social, societal and economic issues such as the need to manage the Smart Grids or to supervise patient’s health in the context of the aging population. This kind of network has the capacity to be simply deployed in harsh environments, such as forests, volcanoes and buildings, to achieve various goals, like tracking targets, animals or human beings for example, or monitoring physical phenomena, such as patient physiological signals or ambient temperature in a building.However, the deployment of WSNs can be critical because of the difficult conditions imposed by the application environment, for example, the high temperatures in the case of volcano activity supervision, or the impossibility of reaching the nodes after deployment, when the WSN must be used to structural health monitoring of a highway or a building. Therefore, researchers and developers need tools to test and evaluate, in the design process of a WSN, node and network performances before deploying it in real surroundings.In this context, simulation can provide a solution that can save time, cost, and effort before deploying a WSN application in its real environment. This explains that simulation tools are widely used in WSN designing stages and for research works evaluation related to this kind of network. Nevertheless, designing a WSN, dedicated to a specific application, needs to address its multilevel structure: topology, nodes and circuits. Thus, to handle the main challenges of WSN design such as energy issues, WSN modelling is considered a complex task because the adopted modelling approach has to take into account the WSN multilevel structure in order to provide exploitable results from different points of view at the same time.In this thesis, we define, propose and implement a cross-level energy-aware model for WSN that allows considering different levels of abstraction at the same time: circuits, nodes and topology. This energy-oriented model is able to trace the energy consumption from multiple points of view: a specific circuit's activity, circuit or node activities, as well as the impact on the WSN lifetime. The proposed model is implemented in a dedicated WSN simulator, which is used, defining different scenarios, to compare obtained results with a well-known simulator and physical WSN nodes with the aim to validate the relevance of our approach
Moreau, Richard Redarce Tanneguy Pham Minh Tu. "Le simulateur d'accouchement BirthSIM un outil complet pour la formation sans risque en obstétrique /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=moreau.
Full textMahmud, Mussa. "Outil d’aide au contrôle de spécifications géométriques de pièces mécaniques par la mesure 3D sans contact." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS066.
Full textWithin the framework of the Ph. D. GM- GC under title Computer aided inspection of geometrical specification of mechanical part without contact 3D Measurement, and within the team “metrology 3D” located in Auxerre, L. R. M. A. University of Burgundy. Within the framework of the three-dimensional measurement of mechanical part using without contact sensor, this work concerns the taking into account of the defects of the sensor in the strategy of measurement. Indeed, if technological projections in the field of the optical sensors make it possible to consider the dimensional check of the parts, their relative inaccuracy with respect to the sensors with contact requires optimizing the strategies of measurement compared to the specifications to be controlled. Thus, by developing a strategy of adequate digitalization taking of account the defects of the sensor, it is planned to minimize uncertainties of measurement and to approach the current performances of the sensors with contact. These defects can for example be associated at the distance sensor/piece-rates, with the orientation sensor/part and the work has consisted in the development, the writing and the implementation of an algorithm of simulation of trajectory compared to various parameters of the sensor and the geometrical specifications of the part. Lastly, they must lead to the automatic planning of trajectory of a transmitter without contact. The method that we implement is based on the notion of the visibility of the part. It consists in determining the directions for which all surfaces of the part are visible by the sensor. The approach consists of three successive phases. The first phase defines the visibility from the point of view of the laser. The second relates to the screening of the camera. And the third represents the total visibility of the sensor unit; i. E. Laser and camera associated. A chart of total visibility is built. From this one, positions and preferential orientations part are retained to carry out the inspection. This determination, under considerations within a metrological framework, must be done in the respect of the dimensional and geometrical specifications of the part while guaranteeing its complete digitalization. The developed approach which one thus seeks the complete automation of the planning of the trajectory. It represents a step of planning aid of the trajectory of digitalization under metrological considerations
Claveirole, Thomas. "Activités Wi-fi en environnement ouvert : outils, mesures et analyses." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066020.
Full textChis, Andréea. "Méthodes et outils pour la compilation et l'optimisation logicielle des systèmes embarqués sans fil dédiés à des applications." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768830.
Full textChis, Andreea. "Méthodes et outils pour la compilation et l'optimisation logicielle des systèmes embarqués sans fil dédiés à des applications." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0708.
Full textWireless Sensor Networks are are highly constrained in resources: computation, memory and energy. In this context, particular attention must be paid when designing applications, communication protocols and operating systems that will run on the sensor nodes. The purpose of this thesis was to adapt the software models conventionally used for programming applications to the field of sensor networks and to propose methods and tools to build a customized version of the software to run on the sensor nodes from a model of the application.One of the components of a micro-sensor that consumes the most energy is its radio interface. The behavior of a MAC layer protocol can be expressed as a timed automaton with fixed states (which correspond to specific states of the physical device) or free states ( the choice for their mapping is left to the programmer). The behavior of a radio device itself can be expressed as an automaton consisting of transitional (with fixed duration) and non-transitional states (with unlimited duration but with a minimum time duration constraint). The problem of mapping a free state of the software of fixed duration on a path of the physical device by minimizing the energy consumed is proven to be NP-complete. A heuristic to map the free states of an automaton corresponding to a software protocol to states or paths between the states of a physical device is proposed. The approach leads to theoretical gains of 60% for the mapping of B-MAC, a MAC layer protocol. For two categories of operating systems dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks (event model and multi-threaded), code skeletons are generated. The simulations under the Worldsens platform of the multi-threaded code skeleton generated for B-MAC and adapted to Mantis OS confirmed the theoretical gains. Experiments on the real platform SensLab have shown that the optimization in terms of energy does not change the functional performance of the protocol
Huang, Yuanyuan. "Etude de l'exposition d'une population à un réseau de communication sans fil via les outils de dosimétrie et de statistique." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0009/document.
Full textWireless communication technologies, since their introduction, have evolved very quickly and people have been brought in 30 years into a much closer world. In parallel radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) are more and more used. As a consequence, people's attentions around health risks of exposure to RF EMFs have grown just as much as their usages of wireless communication technologies. Exposure to RF EMFs can be characterized using different exposure metrics (e.g., incident field metrics, absorption metrics...). However, the existing methodologies are well suited to the maximum exposure assessment for the individual under the worst-case condition. Moreover in most cases, when dealing with exposure issues, exposures linked to RF EMF emitted from base stations (BTS) and by wireless devices (e.g, mobile phones and tablets) are generally treated separately. This thesis has been dedicated to construct and validate a new method for assessing the real day-to-day RF EMF exposure to a wireless network as a whole, exploring the people's daily life, including both downlink and uplink exposures and taking into account different technologies, usages, environments, etc. Towards these objectives, we analyzed for the first time the average population exposure linked to third generation network (3G) induced EMFs, from both uplink and downlink radio emissions in different countries, geographical areas, and for different wireless device usages. Results, derived from device usage statistics, show a strong heterogeneity of exposure, both in time and space. We show that, contrary to popular belief, exposure to 3G EMFs is dominated by uplink radio emissions, resulting from voice and data traffic, and average population EMF exposure differs from one geographical area to another, as well as from one country to another, due to the different cellular network architectures and variability of mobile usage. Thus the variability and uncertainties linked to these influencing factors were characterized. And a variance-based sensitivity analysis of the global exposure was performed for the purpose of simplifying its evaluation. Finally, a substitution model was built to evaluate the day-to-day global LTE induced EMFs exposure of a population taking into account the variability linked to propagation environment, usage, as well as EMFs from personal wireless devices and BTS. Results have highlighted the importance of received power density from BTS to the issue of global exposure induced by a macro LTE network. This substitution model can be further used to analyze the evolution of the wireless network in terms of EMF exposure
Destremaut, Fanny. "Microfluidique et diffusion de rayonnements : des outils pour l'étude cinétique de la polycondensation du silicate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13776/document.
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Oikonomopoulou, Apostolia. "APPROCHES NUMERIQUES POUR L'ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT DES STRUCTURES MAÇONNEES ANCIENNES : Un outil basé sur le Calcul à la Rupture et la visualisation graphique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493588.
Full textBen, Ammar Amira. "Approche cross-layer pour la minimisation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1191/document.
Full textWireless sensor networks (WSN) can be defined as an ad hoc network consisting of miniaturized autonomous entities, called sensor nodes which communicate with each other over a radio link. WSNs is a research topic which has gained a lot of interest due, in particular, to new routing problems under low node capacity and high network lifetime constraints.WSNs differ from wired networks in their characteristics and limitations which have motivated the development of a new cross-layer design that ignores certain paradigms of the classical approach allowing the mutual exchange of information even between non-adjacent layers. This approach, which is not yet standardized, has gained a lot of attention through several works aiming to energy consumption minimization under a required QoS (Quality of Service).In this thesis, our contributions can be classified are twofold according to the considered routing strategy namely the ad-hoc routing and clustering based routing.In the first part, we propose a new adaptable and extensible cross-layer design called XL-AODV (Cross Layer AODV) based on the exchange of the SNR (Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) between the network and the physical layer which has been modelled by the K distribution.We evaluate under the NS2 simulator, the performance of XL-AODV. A comparative analysis with AODV, showed for different network configurations, the efficiency of our proposition in terms of energy saving and end-to-end latency.In the second part, we propose an XL-LEACH approach which is an improvement of the original version of LEACH by its adapting to dense and large scale sensor networks. We have also taken into account the characteristics of the physical layer modelled by the K distribution.In a third part, XL-CLEACH (XL Cooperative LEACH) approach is introduced to improve XL-LEACH by integrating the cooperative communication at the MAC layer.We have proved through an analytical study and validated by simulations, the gain in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and SER (Symbol Error Rate). The XL-LEACH and XL-CLEACH architecture were implemented under MATLAB
Hilairet, Mickaël. "Application des outils du traitement du signal a la commande des machines tournantes." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179108.
Full textLa mise en œuvre d'un filtre de Kalman estimant le flux et la vitesse des machines asynchrones est généralement effectuée dans sa formulation matricielle, excessivement gourmande en temps de calcul. Pour cette raison, nous avons modifié la méthode de conception de ce filtre étendu, que nous avons nommé filtre de Kalman à état virtuel. La réduction très importante du coût algorithmique de ce nouveau filtre justifie son application dans les variateurs de vitesse de faible puissance où le coût de revient des cartes électroniques est conséquent. Il est également possible de conserver les équations traditionnelles du filtrage de Kalman tout en réduisant la complexité algorithmique. Pour cela, nous avons appliqué le filtrage de Kalman à deux niveaux et à deux périodes d'échantillonnage pour l'estimation de la vitesse mécanique.
Nous avons également optimisé le réglage des paramètres du filtre de Kalman. La dynamique de l'estimateur est réglée en fonction de la dynamique des grandeurs régulées, des bruits de mesure et des incertitudes paramétriques. Ce réglage permet de rendre l'estimateur robuste aux variations paramétriques et d'éviter des instabilités lorsque les estimations sont incluses dans les boucles de régulation (pour les systèmes non-linéaires).
Pour ne pas être soumis aux incertitudes paramétriques du moteur, le contenu spectral des courants statoriques consommés peut être analysé grâce à des estimateurs de vitesse à faible coût algorithmique. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec une machine à courant continu et une machine asynchrone montrent que l'estimation de la vitesse est excellente en régime permanent. Cependant, les fonctionnements à basse vitesse et la capacité de poursuite ne sont pas aussi performants que ceux d'estimateurs construits à partir du modèle dynamique de la machine. L'interconnexion de deux estimateurs complémentaires, un estimateur fréquentiel et un estimateur basé sur le modèle dynamique, a été mise en œuvre pour palier aux inconvénients de chacun. Cette stratégie de pilotage a été testée expérimentalement avec succès pour une commande sans capteur mécanique d'une machine à courant continu.
Roland, Thibault. "Microscopie par Plasmons de Surface Localisés : un outil d'imagerie optique non intrusif pouvant couvrir les échelles du nanomètre au micromètre en biologie." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441957.
Full textManivannan, Sivaprasath. "Measuring permeability vs depth in the unlined section of a wellbore using the descent of a fluid column made of two distinct fluids : inversion workflow, laboratory & in-situ tests." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX086/document.
Full textIn wells producing water, oil, gas or geothermal energy, or in access wells to hydrocarbon storage, it is critical to evaluate the permeability of the formation as a function of depth, to improve the reservoir model, and also to identify the zones where additional investigation or special completions are especially useful.A new technique is proposed, consisting of scanning the open hole (uncased section of the wellbore) with an interface between two fluids with a large viscosity contrast. The injection rate into the formation depends on interface location and well pressure history. An inverse problem should be solved: estimate permeability as a function of depth from the evolution of flow rates with time. The wells are usually equipped with a central tube. The scanning is done by injecting a liquid in the central tube at constant wellhead pressure. Injection and withdrawal rates are measured at the wellhead; the difference between these two rates is the formation injection rate.To validate and improve this technique, we used a laboratory model mimicking a multi-layer formation, already available at LMS. We also made use of in-situ tests performed on an ultra-low permeable cap rock above an underground gas storage reservoir. In these tests, a viscous fluid contained in the open hole was displaced by a less-viscous fluid (a method called opening WTLog). The more permeable layers were correctly identified (Manivannan et al. 2017), but a quantitative estimation was challenging due to transient phenomena in the vicinity of the wellbore (near-wellbore zone). In addition, the investigation radius was small.These challenges are addressed by proposing a slightly modified test procedure and a new interpretation workflow. Laboratory tests with a modified test setup showed the advantages of the ‘closing’ method in which the well is filled with a less-viscous fluid at the start of the test. We also added a stabilization period before the injection of viscous fluid to minimize the transient effects; this period is also used to estimate the average permeability of the open hole and the effect of near-wellbore damage (skin).Then the test proper is performed (closing WTLog). The injection profile of the less-viscous fluid is computed from the wellhead flow rate history. A permeability profile is estimated from the injection profile. The permeability estimation considers a monophasic flow in each layer and the same skin value for all the formation layers. Major uncertainties in the permeability estimates are caused by formation pressures and heterogeneities in skin values; they are estimated using an analytical formula. We have verified on the laboratory setup that the estimated permeability profiles are well correlated to the permeabilities measured before the tests.An attempt was made to perform a WTLog in a 1750-m long wellbore opening in a salt formation. The first phase was successful and the average permeability was correctly assessed. However, this permeability was so small (4.0E-21 m² or 4 nD) that the gauges and the flowmeters were not accurate enough to allow a clear distinction between the permeabilities of the various parts of the open hole
Aleksovska, Ivana. "Améliorer les prévisions à court et moyen termes des modèles agronomiques en prenant mieux en compte l'incertitude des prévisions météorologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30270.
Full textThis PhD-thesis demonstrates the potential of ensemble weather forecasts in the decision support tools developed to assist farmers in anticipating the application of phytosanitary treatments. We consider the models EVA that simulates the dynamics of grape berry moth and Septo-LIS that forecasts the development of wheat septoria. We illustrate the potential of using ensemble weather forecasts in agronomic models compared to frequency data. We then propose strategies to design seamless ensemble weather forecasts that combine information from three ensembles with different spatio-temporal scales. Finally these seamless forecasts are evaluated from a meteorological and agronomic point of view. The design of seamless ensemble predictions is considered as a concatenation problem. Ensemble predictions are first calibrated using a parametric approach, then the concatenation of forecasts is handled with a distance measure and an assignment algorithm. We show that the so-called Hungarian method is able to provide ensembles of independent and temporally consistent forecasts. It is shown that the EVA model is significantly improved by the calibration of temperature forecasts, while the benefit of seamless forecasts is not significant
Amiot, Nicolas. "Design of simulation platform joigning site specific radio propagation and human mobility for localization applications." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00971809.
Full textLe, Mouël Frédéric. "Environnement adaptatif d'exécution distribuée d'applications dans un contexte mobile." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004161.
Full textSt-Georges, Nicolas. "Un outil de conception pour les réseaux maillés sans fil." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7217.
Full textRaelijohn, Erick F. "Vérification des patrons temporels d’utilisation d’API sans exécution du code : une approche et un outil." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24332.
Full textIn modern software development, reuse takes the form of using libraries that expose their functionality via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). In theory, APIs allow developers to write client code that reuses library code without needing to know its internals. In practice, correctly using APIs requires respecting explicit and implicit constraints and usage patterns. This allows developers to use functionality proposed by API so that they can focus directly on the task they want to achieve. APIs require a significant effort from the developer to learn various usage constraint. Ignoring such patterns could lead to errors and design flaws. These often cannot be detected prior to integration and system testing. Researchers have attempted to solve this problem by extracting API usage patterns and analyzing client code traces for conformance. However, dynamic analysis is still impossible to perform early without a minimum of integration and execution. We propose the Temporal Usage PAttern Checker (Tupac) for API, an interprocedural static analysis approach that can verify that client code conforms to temporal API usage patterns as it is being developed. Tupac can be deployed inside an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), thus providing developers with feedback about API usage much earlier in the development process. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach on four projects with four different APIs. Our evaluation shows that Tupac has good precision and interesting recall. Crucially, we also show that it takes, on average, half a second to check an entire project for conformance to a pattern, meaning that it can realistically be deployed in the regular coding rhythm
Bonnefois, Guillaume. "Approche probabiliste d’adaptation posologique : concrétisation en outil de santé mobile pour l’aide à la décision clinique du trouble du déficit d’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18591.
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