Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Outil de détermination des cinétiques'
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Mateo, Rosado Yamily. "Développement d'un outil de détermination de cinétiques par microcalorimétrie différentielle en flux continu : application aux réactions catalytiques hétérogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR39.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new experimental methodology based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in a continuous flow configuration, for the determination of kinetic parameters in chemical reactions. The methodology provides a rapid and accurate estimate of these parameters by measuring the heat released or absorbed during the reaction. The use of a continuous-flow DSC calorimeter enables us to work with small quantities of sample and to carry out the reaction in the measurement zone, offering the advantage of accurately measuring the heat power generated, while controlling temperature and pressure conditions. The methodology details all the steps to be followed and outlines the critical points to be examined and validated if the kinetic study is to be valid. This methodology was applied to the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methane, a rapid exothermic process, using a Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst. This reaction was used to assess the importance of the choice of reactor model for obtaining the kinetic parameters by considering the measurement zone as a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) or a plug flow reactor. The kinetic parameters, such as pre-exponential factors, activation energies and reaction orders, were estimated using a genetic algorithm that minimizes the difference between the experimental thermal power and the calculated thermal power. The methodology therefore makes it possible to select from several kinetic models the one that is most representative of the experimental results. The methodology also includes an analysis of the sensitivity of the parameters to the accuracy of the kinetic model. The results obtained show good agreement between the experimental data and the model predictions, validating the effectiveness of this methodology for the kinetic analysis of heterogeneous reactions in continuous flow. This approach represents an effective alternative to traditional methods, offering new possibilities in the optimization of catalytic processes and the study of complex systems. This thesis presents an innovative tool based on differential calorimetry in continuous flow, capable of generating reliable kinetic data, facilitating progress in the field of catalysis and chemical kinetics
Bodenreider, Olivier. "Conception d'un outil informatique d'étude des cinétiques observées en toxicologie clinique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10419.
Full textDimier, François. "Injection de systèmes réactifs : détermination de lois cinétiques et rhéologiques et modélisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001188.
Full textIssanchou, Sébastien. "Stratégie expérimentale pour la détermination de modèles cinétiques en milieu liquide-liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPTA07G.
Full textDimier, Francois. "Injection de systèmes réactifs : Détermination de lois cinétiques et rhéologiques et modélisation." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1170.
Full textKhoumeri, B. "Modélisation des réactions thermochimiques : Détermination dynamique des paramètres thermiques et cinétiques et applications." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20262.
Full textReverte, Cédric. "Stratégie expérimentale pour la détermination de modèles stoechio-cinétiques des réactions de dégradation thermique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7574/1/reverte.pdf.
Full textBreune, Isabelle. "Le pénétromètre, un outil de détermination de la qualité structurale des sols?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25516.pdf.
Full textComuce, Maguy. "Caractérisation expérimentale et détermination des paramètres cinétiques de la décomposition thermique du polyméthracrylate de méthyle." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0020.
Full textThe achieved work is part of the project "Compfeu" of the National Research Agency, which aims to provide models for simulating of the thermal decomposition of the main materials of the housing environment in case of fire. The present study aims to develop a pyrolysis model of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Our working approach is innovative in the international community, because it relies on a multi-scale approach, taking into account the evolution of the thermal, physical and chemical properties during the decomposition of the material. Our work was to know the physicochemical properties of our material. The study of the thermal decomposition of the PMMA under inert and oxidizing atmospheres was performed on the scale of the particle by means of differential scanning calorimetry, through thermogravimetric analysis coupled with various analytical devices for different heating rates. The thermal decomposition of PMMA was completed by a study on the scale of the material using the cone calorimeter, coupled with an analytical chain. The study, on the scale of the particle, has allowed us to propose a mechanism of thermal decomposition of PMMA in an inert atmosphere and under oxidizing atmosphere. The rate of each reaction mechanism is described by the Arrhenius law. The determination of these kinetics parameters and stoichiometric coefficient was performed by the optimization method of genetic algorithms
Matthess, Nils. "Détermination des lois cinétiques d'épuration des gaz d'échappement automobile par interprétation des courbes de "light-off"." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10117.
Full textLahoud, Isabelle. "Contribution à la détermination de cinétiques de polymérisation radicalaire conventionnelle et RAFT en solution par calorimétrie." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR029.
Full textThis work focused on the calorimetric study of solution radical polymerization. The kinetic parameters of two polymerization systems have been investigated: those of conventional radical polymerization and that controlled by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization (RAFT). The method for estimating the kinetic parameters is based on the comparison of the experimental thermal power profile released during the polymerization and measured using a reaction calorimeter with power profiles calculated using the proposed model. Kinetic parameters were estimated using a minimization method based on a genetic algorithm.The synthesis chosen in this study is the radical polymerization of butyl methacrylate in various organic solvents. A global model and more detailed models taking into account the main polymerization steps made it possible to reconstruct the power profile released by the reaction at various synthesis temperatures.Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the final product were analyzed in order to study the relationship between the kinetic parameters and the produced polymer properties. The influence of four organic solvents (anisole, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, xylene) as well as the operating conditions (in particular the monomer concentration and the temperature) was discussed. Other thermal analysis techniques were used to validate the estimated parameters
Delaroque, Aurélie. "Élaboration d’un outil numérique pour la réduction et l’optimisation des mécanismes cinétiques pour les systèmes de combustion." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS417.
Full textIn the modeling of a combustion process, obtention of global data such as flame speed can, under certain circumstances, be achieved through extremely reduced mechanisms. On the contrary, prediction of detailed data such as polluant species requires the use of detailed kinetic mechanisms involving many chemical species. Due to the size and to the presence of many differents time scales, the integration of those models to complex numerical simulations is a non trivial task. A reduction tool based on Directed Relation Graph and sensitivity analysis methods is proposed to tackle this issue. Reduced mechanisms fitting user defined tolerances for quantities of interest such as global (flame speed, ignition delay, etc) and detailed data (concentration profiles) are automatically generated. The reduction process is paired up with an optimisation of reaction rates through a genetic algorithm to make up for the error induced by the loss of information. This process can use both numerical and experimental reference entries. The complete numerical tool has been tested on several canonical configurations for several fuels (methane, ethane and n-heptane) and reduction rates up to 90% have been observed
Hallack, Ferreira Mônica. "Croissance et inactivations thermique et photochimique de Legionella pneumophila : détermination de constantes cinétiques et procédés de traitement." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1697.
Full textThe epidemics of pneumopathies due to Legionella pneumophila (Lp) are in constant evolution. The ecology of Lp is complex since protozoa and biofilms are usually involved. The aims of this work were to obtain kinetic data of Lp serogroup 1 between 37°C and 60°C in pure culture and to evaluate a new process of Lp elimination by UV radiations. We measured a growth rate μmax of 1. 1 h-l at 37°C as well as the decay constants. Lp growth was optimal between 37°C and 45°C. Cellular mortality exceeded growth at 50°C and increased with temperature. Thermal inactivation was about 9 times greater at 60°C than that at 55°C. UV inactivation decreased by 10 the concentration of cultivable Legionella on Petri dishes dishes after ~ 1 second of irradiation in continuous flow. These results illustrate the need of a rigorous control of temperature as well as the importance of combining different treatments to ensure the disinfection of water systems
Bessières, Igor. "Développement et validation expérimentale d'un outil de détermination de la dose hors-champ en radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801314.
Full textBessières, Igor. "Développement et validation expérimentale d’un outil de détermination de la dose hors-champ en radiothérapie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112016/document.
Full textOver the last two decades, many technical developments have been achieved on intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and allow a better conformation of the dose to the tumor and consequently increase the success of cancer treatments. These techniques often reduce the dose to organs at risk close to the target volume; nevertheless they increase peripheral dose levels. In this situation, the rising of the survival rate also increases the probability of secondary effects expression caused by peripheral dose deposition (second cancers for instance). Nowadays, the peripheral dose is not taken into account during the treatment planification and no reliable prediction tool exists. However it becomes crucial to consider the peripheral dose during the planification, especially for pediatric cases. Many steps of the development of an accurate and fast Monte Carlo out-of-field dose prediction tool based on the PENELOPE code have been achieved during this PhD work. To this end, we demonstrated the ability of the PENELOPE code to estimate the peripheral dose by comparing its results with reference measurements performed on two experimental configurations (metrological and pre-clinical). During this experimental work, we defined a protocol for low doses measurement with OSL dosimeters. In parallel, we highlighted the slow convergence of the code for clinical use. Consequently, we accelerated the code by implementing a new variance reduction technique called pseudo-deterministic transport which is specifically with the objective of improving calculations in areas far away from the beam. This step improved the efficiency of the peripheral doses estimation in both validation configurations (by a factor of 20) in order to reach reasonable computing times for clinical application. Optimization works must be realized in order improve the convergence of our tool and consider a final clinical use
Chapelle, Amaury. "Mesures de bruit neutronique auprès des réacteurs Caliban, Godiva IV, Planet et Flattop, Détermination des paramètres cinétiques et des incertitudes associées." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2003.
Full textThe evolution of the neutron power is characterized by several key parameters for safety: the effective multiplication factor from a neutron generation to another, the mean lifetime of neutrons, the delayed neutrons fraction, and the total and leakage multiplications. Neutron noise measurements allow the deduction of the kinetic parameters. They are divided into frequency methods (not described in the PhD work), assessments of probability counts or variance-to-mean measurements. They complete the deterministic methods at very low flux levels. This paper describes the application of Rossi and Feynman methods and Hansen- Dowdy and Hage - Cifarelli formalisms, to several reactors. The experiments were performed independently at the CEA (CCommissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) Valduc or jointly with a team from LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory), in France (Caliban) and in the United States (Godiva IV, Planet and Flattop). They are also simulated by a tool developed by LANL. An assessment of uncertainties associated with the determination of kinetic parameters can thus be carried out in three steps: -Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the uncertainties inherent in each experiment; - Comparison between simulation and experiment; - Comparison of results obtained by different teams with different tools in joint experiment This work allows the definition selection criteria for a noise measurement method, according to the desired kinetic parameter and to the state of the studied installation
Faivre, Damien. "Propriétés cinétiques, minéralogiques et isotopiques de la formation de nanomagnétites à basse temperature : implication pour la détermination de critères de biogénicité." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077064.
Full textPauget, Benjamin. "Détermination des facteurs du sol modulant la biodisponibilité et l'accumulation des métaux pour l'escargot (cantareus aspersus)." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2022/document.
Full text[...] The aim of this thesis is to study the mechanisms that modulate metal bioavailabilityfor the garden snail Cantareus aspersus (= Helix aspersa) a soil invertebrate living at the interfacesoil‐plant‐air (saprophagous and phytophagous intermediate link in the food chain).[...] These data underline the necessity to take into account the factors and mechanisms that modulate themetal bioavailability for snails to better model accumulation and assimilation of metal by snails. As nounique chemical method to assess metal bioavailability was determined, we recommend the use ofbiological measures that identify the real metal bioavailability rather than the use of chemical measures
Saengkhae, Chantarawan. "La résistance multiple aux médicaments : détermination des paramètres cinétiques caractéristiques du transport des rhodamines par la P-glycoprotéine et la MRP1 et de la fluorescéine et dihydrofluorescéine par la MRP1." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132036.
Full textAzizi, Mohamed. "Étude de l’oxydation du sulfure d’hydrogène par le chlore en phase aqueuse. Détermination des constantes cinétiques et développement d’un logiciel de simulation de lavage chimique de H2S en milieu alcalin." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCR0018.
Full textThis Ph. D is an investigation on the optimization of hydrogen sulfide treatment processes in order to the fight against air pollution. Hydrogen sulfide is generally considered an undesirable toxic pollutant for its strong odor of rotten eggs. At higher concentration, it is responsible for corrosion which leads to progressive deterioration of pipes. Currently, the most used technique is chemical absorption with a sodium hypochlorite solution. The development of chemical scrubbing towers treating H2S requires precise knowledge of the kinetics of involved chemical reactions. The first part of this work was to develop a software simulation of a chemical scrubbing tower H2S in alkaline solutions without sodium hypochlorite. Numerical simulations were conducted to understand the impact of various parameters on mass transfer step of hydrogen sulfide at operating parameters near to industrial conditions. The results of the developed approach showed the need to add a chemical oxidant in order to enhance the mass transfer between gas and liquid phases. The second part of the Ph. D consisted firstly to characterize a gas-liquid reactor which it had been mechanically agitated by a Rushton turbine. Thus, the coefficients of local transfer which has a liquid side (kL) and gas (kG) H2S and the interfacial area (ao), were determined. In a second step, the study showed us the kinetic constants for the oxidation of H2S by ClOH/ClO-. Finally, the kinetics oxidation of the anion bisulfide (HS-) by ClOH had been investigated. Experiments between competing reagents had been established in order to identify the kinetic constant oxidation at basic pH. The founded results make a small library on the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide oxidation by chlorine. They can help industrial world to the scaling-up of scrubbing towers of chlore alkaline
Hachimi, Abdouelilah. "Détermination des paramètres cinétiques impliqués dans les processus de réduction des émissions de composés organiques volatils (COV) de structures CxHyOz par adsorption sur des solides à base d’oxydes métalliques et de carbones." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10292.
Full textThe present study is dedicated to the determination of the kinetic parameters involved in the adsorption equilibrium of VOCs by using an original method denoted Temperature Programmed Adsorption Equilibrium. Two kinds of VOCs have been studied: alcohols and aromatics. Two kinds of adsorbing materials have been considered: metallic oxides (silica and alumina) and carbon (real (DPX-9) and model (Printex-U) Diesel soots and activated carbon). Experimentally, the TPAE method consists to adsorb a VOC at 300 K with a fixed adsorption pressure until adsorption equilibrium. Then the evolution of the adsorption pressure is followed by GC-FID during the linear increase in Ta at a low rate to limit the increase in the adsorption pressure to less that 30% of the initial pressure. These data provide the evolution of the coverage of the surface in quasi isobar. Then this curve is compared to the theoretical curves obtained considering that the adsorbed species are either localized or mobile with a heat of adsorption either constant or depending on the coverage. These situations correspond to the Langmuir’ and Temkin’s models for the localized species and to the Hill model for
Sciamma, Ella Marion. "Développement d'un outil de diagnostique par spectroscopie des plasmas utilisant des modèles collisionel-radiatifs et son application à différentes décharges plasma pour la détermination de la température électronique et de la densité des neutres." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/118/.
Full textA spectroscopic diagnostic tool has been developed to determine the electron temperature and the neutral density in helium, hydrogen and argon plasmas from absolutely calibrated spectroscopic measurements. For each gas, a method of analysis which uses models specific to each species present in the plasma has been defined. The experimental electron density is used an input parameter to the models, and the obsolutely calibrated spectroscopic data are processed beforehand to obtain the populations of the upper excited levels corresponding to the observed spectral lines. Fro helium plasmas, the electron temperature is inferred from the experimental helium ion excited level p = 4 population using a corona model, and the neutral density is determined from the experimental helium neutral excited level populations using a collisional-radiative model for helium neutrals. For hydrogen plasmas, combinations of the electron temperature and the neutral density are determined from the experimental hydrogen neutral excited level populations using a collisional-radiative model for hydrogen atoms. For argon plasmas, the electron temperature is inferred from the experimental argon ion excited level population using a collisional-radiative model for argon ions, and then the neutral density is determined from experimental argon neutral excited level populations using a collisional-radiative model for argon neutrals. .
Terzolo, Laurent. "Vers une prédiction de la durée de vie des outils de forge à chaud par la détermination numérique du régime thermique et de l'usure abrasive." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1236.
Full textIn forging industry, we want to decrease production costs, in order to obtain the cheapest rate : tool cost / workpiece. Numerical simulation permit to study feasability using low cost developpements. Nowadays, we can use numerical simulation to optimize tool shape. To increase, tool life, we must take into account two main factors : wear and thermal-mechanical loads undergone by tools. In this document, we use a thermal-mechanical and a numerical formulation for a thermal-mechanical coupled problem for a complete system : tool/workpiece. The solution of this problem, permit us to simulate tool behaviour during hot forging process. CPU time increase because of this formulation, so we investigate several strategies to decrease this CPU time. We can use those strategies and after comparing them, we can notice their own advantages. For each method, user must choose between time and reliabilty. This document, can help user to choose the best method to solve his problem. Thanks to thermal and mechanical results obtained on the tools, we can simulate tool wear. Then finally, we implemented four different methods to simulate thermal and mechanical cycling, in order to simulate forging passes