Relevant bibliographies by topics / Outdoors positioning

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Outdoors positioning'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Outdoors positioning"

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Nguyen, Ba Dat, Hoang Long Nguyen, Quoc Hung Nguyen, Quoc Tuan Le, Ha Tran, Van Dua Nguyen, and Si Hong Hoang. "Designing an outdoor machinery monitoring device with integrated real-time kinematic positioning." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64 (October 12, 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(10db).28-32.

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Accurate positioning ofoutdoor vehicles and machinery is of the top importance inmanagement, tracking, analysis, and control applications. However, most of the current vehicle tracking devices have an error of a few meters to several tens of meters,which is not enough for applications requiring high accuracy. This paper presents the design of an outdoor machinery monitoring device that integrates precise positioning technology of real-time kinematic (RTK). The device uses U-Blox’s Zed F9P module as the core to perform the high accuracy positioning function. Thanks to the integration of RTK positioning technology, the device can monitor the location of machinery outdoors with centimeter-level accuracy.
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Li, Ningbo, Lianwu Guan, Yanbin Gao, Zhejun Liu, Ye Wang, and Hanxiao Rong. "A Low Cost Civil Vehicular Seamless Navigation Technology Based on Enhanced RISS/GPS between the Outdoors and an Underground Garage." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010120.

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Vehicles have to rely on satellite navigation in an open environment. However, satellite navigation cannot obtain accurate positioning information for vehicles in the interior of underground parking lots, as they comprise a semi-enclosed navigation space. Therefore, vehicular navigation needs to take into consideration both outdoor and indoor environments. Actually, outdoor navigation and indoor navigation require different positioning methods, and it is of great importance to choose a reasonable navigation and positioning algorithm solution for vehicles. Fortunately, the integrated navigation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) inertial navigation system could solve the problem of switching navigation algorithms in the entrance and exit of underground parking lots. This paper proposes a low cost vehicular seamless navigation technology based on the reduced inertial sensor system (RISS)/GPS between the outdoors and an underground garage. Specifically, the enhanced RISS is a positioning algorithm based on three inertial sensors and one odometer, which could achieve a similar location effect as the full model integrated navigation, reduce the costs greatly, and improve the efficiency of each sensor.
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Wang, Changqiang, Aigong Xu, Xin Sui, Yushi Hao, Zhengxu Shi, and Zhijian Chen. "A Seamless Navigation System and Applications for Autonomous Vehicles Using a Tightly Coupled GNSS/UWB/INS/Map Integration Scheme." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010027.

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Seamless positioning systems for complex environments have been a popular focus of research on positioning safety for autonomous vehicles (AVs). In particular, the seamless high-precision positioning of AVs indoors and outdoors still poses considerable challenges and requires continuous, reliable, and high-precision positioning information to guarantee the safety of driving. To obtain effective positioning information, multiconstellation global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS) real-time kinematics (RTK) and an inertial navigation system (INS) have been widely integrated into AVs. However, integrated multi-GNSS and INS applications cannot provide effective and seamless positioning results for AVs in indoor and outdoor environments due to limited satellite availability, multipath effects, frequent signal blockages, and the lack of GNSS signals indoors. In this contribution, multi-GNSS-tightly coupled (TC) RTK/INS technology is developed to solve the positioning problem for a challenging urban outdoor environment. In addition, ultrawideband (UWB)/INS technology is developed to provide accurate and continuous positioning results in indoor environments, and INS and map information are used to identify and eliminate UWB non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. Finally, an improved adaptive robust extended Kalman filter (AREKF) algorithm based on a TC integrated single-frequency multi-GNSS-TC RTK/UWB/INS/map system is studied to provide continuous, reliable, high-precision positioning information to AVs in indoor and outdoor environments. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is capable of seamlessly guaranteeing the positioning accuracy of AVs in complex indoor and outdoor environments involving many measurement outliers and environmental interference effects.
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Mogyorósi, Ferenc, Péter Revisnyei, Azra Pašić, Zsófia Papp, István Törös, Pál Varga, and Alija Pašić. "Positioning in 5G and 6G Networks—A Survey." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134757.

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Determining the position of ourselves or our assets has always been important to humans. Technology has helped us, from sextants to outdoor global positioning systems, but real-time indoor positioning has been a challenge. Among the various solutions, network-based positioning became an option with the arrival of 5G mobile networks. The new radio technologies, minimized end-to-end latency, specialized control protocols, and booming computation capacities at the network edge offered the opportunity to leverage the overall capabilities of the 5G network for positioning—indoors and outdoors. This paper provides an overview of network-based positioning, from the basics to advanced, state-of-the-art machine-learning-supported solutions. One of the main contributions is the detailed comparison of machine learning techniques used for network-based positioning. Since new requirements are already in place for 6G networks, our paper makes a leap towards positioning with 6G networks. In order to also highlight the practical side of the topic, application examples from different domains are presented with a special focus on industrial and vehicular scenarios.
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Zou, Deyue, Shutong Niu, Shuhao Chen, Binhong Su, Xinyi Cheng, Jie Liu, Yunfeng Liu, and Yang Li. "A smart city used low-latency seamless positioning system based on inverse global navigation satellite system technology." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 9 (September 2019): 155014771987381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719873815.

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People have to move between indoor and outdoor frequently in city scenarios. The global navigation satellite system signal cannot provide reliable indoor positioning services. To solve the problem, this article proposes a seamless positioning system based on an inverse global navigation satellite system signal, which can extend the global navigation satellite system service into the indoor scenario. In this method, a signal source is arranged at a key position in the room, and the inverse global navigation satellite system signal is transmitted to the global navigation satellite system receiver to obtain a preset positioning result. The indoor positioning service is continued with the inertial navigation system after leaving the key position. The inverse global navigation satellite system seamless positioning system proposed in this article can unify indoor and outdoor positioning using the same receiver. The receiver does not need to re-receive navigation information when the scene changes, which avoids the switching process. Through the design of signal layer coverage, the receiver is in a warm start state, and the users can quickly fix the position when the scenario changes, realizing quick access in a true sense. This enables the ordinary commercial global navigation satellite system receiver to obtain indoor positioning capability without modification, and the algorithm can perform accurate positioning indoors and outdoors without switching.
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Chirantan Ganguly, Sagnik Nayak, S. Irene, Anil Kumar Gupta, Suresh V., and Pradeep Kumar CH. "Utilizing machine learning algorithms for localization using RSSI values of wireless LAN." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/mvre7314.

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With the development of new technologies, there has been an upsurge in the demand for precise localization in both outdoor and indoor environments. While a Global Positioning System (GPS) provides sufficient positioning precision in outdoor settings, its accuracy declines in indoor scenarios, necessitating the development of novel positioning approaches that function accurately both indoors and outdoors. The use of various Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) parameters for localization has been conceptualized. In this study, we attempt to do localization using machine learning methods on WLAN Received Signal Strength Indicator (WLAN RSSI) measurements. We compare the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms on the data set to see which can be used to design efficient future localization systems. The proposed study has achieved second place for the problem statement "ITU-ML5G-PS-016: Location estimation using RSSI of wireless LAN" in AI/ML in 5G Challenge 2021 organized by the International Telecommunication Union.
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Li, Ningbo, Lianwu Guan, Yanbin Gao, Shitong Du, Menghao Wu, Xingxing Guang, and Xiaodan Cong. "Indoor and Outdoor Low-Cost Seamless Integrated Navigation System Based on the Integration of INS/GNSS/LIDAR System." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 3271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193271.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides accurate positioning data for vehicular navigation in open outdoor environment. In an indoor environment, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) establishes a two-dimensional map and provides positioning data. However, LIDAR can only provide relative positioning data and it cannot directly provide the latitude and longitude of the current position. As a consequence, GNSS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation could be employed in outdoors, while the indoors part makes use of INS/LIDAR integrated navigation and the corresponding switching navigation will make the indoor and outdoor positioning consistent. In addition, when the vehicle enters the garage, the GNSS signal will be blurred for a while and then disappeared. Ambiguous GNSS satellite signals will lead to the continuous distortion or overall drift of the positioning trajectory in the indoor condition. Therefore, an INS/LIDAR seamless integrated navigation algorithm and a switching algorithm based on vehicle navigation system are designed. According to the experimental data, the positioning accuracy of the INS/LIDAR navigation algorithm in the simulated environmental experiment is 50% higher than that of the Dead Reckoning (DR) algorithm. Besides, the switching algorithm developed based on the INS/LIDAR integrated navigation algorithm can achieve 80% success rate in navigation mode switching.
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Maghdid, Halgurd S., Ladeh Sardar Abdulrahman, Mohammed H. Ahmed, and Azhin Tahir Sabir. "Modified WiFi-RSS Fingerprint Technique to locate Indoors-Smartphones: FENG building at Koya University as a case study." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.41.

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Positioning system used for different purposes and different services, many researches are going on to find a more accurate position with low error within high performance. There are many localization solutions with different architectures, configurations, accuracies and reliabilities for both outdoors and indoors. For example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology has been used for outdoors. Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most common outdoors tracking solutions in the world, for outdoors, however, when indoors; it could not be accurately tracked users by using a GPS system. This is because, when users enters into indoors the GPS signals will no longer available due to blocked by the roof of buildings and it is no longer considered as a viable option. WiFi Positioning System (WPS) can be used as an alternative solution to define users’ position, especially when GPS signal is not available. Further, WPS is a low cost solution, because there is no need to deploying WiFi Access Points (WAPs) in the vicinity, as they are installed to access the Internet. In this paper, specifically, WiFi-RSS Fingerprinting technique is used to locate smartphones using WAPs signals with a modified calculation. The new modified calculation is to dynamic weighting of the WAPs RSS values based on the real-live indoors structure. The achieved positioning accuracy, based on several trial experiments, is up to 6 meters via the implemented algorithm in the MALTAB.
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Angelats, E., J. A. Navarro, and E. Parés. "TOWARDS SEAMLESS INDOOR-OUTDOOR POSITIONING: THE IOPES PROJECT APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-313-2020.

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Abstract. The management of emergencies require the use of multiple resources that must be coordinated to achieve the best possible results. For a good decision-making process, the availability of timely and reliable information about the variables on which such process rely is crucial. Among these variables, the ability to track the position in the field - either outdoors or indoors - of the members of the emergency teams it is of special importance. The IOPES project targets at improving an existing, already operational emergency management system where the tracking of operative staff is integrated. This paper concentrates only in the positioning aspect of IOPES - which encompasses other subsystems, such as portable communications or fast mapping - and describes the approach adopted by the project to perform such integration. This includes the concept itself, the hardware selected and well as the algorithms used to implement a portable, lightweight positioning device able to provide seamless indoor / outdoor positioning that will make possible the real-time tracking of personnel in the field. Promising preliminary results for mixed indoor-outdoor trajectories are as well presented.
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Qamaz, Yousef, Angela Schwering, and Janina Bistron. "Experimental evaluation of using BLE beacon for outdoor positioning in GPS-denied environment." AGILE: GIScience Series 3 (June 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-13-2022.

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Abstract. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in outdoor location-based services, it still lacks precision due to obstacles that reduce its performance, such as near tall buildings, with bad weather conditions, and under tree canopies. In some situations, inaccurate localization or delay in getting location locks can adversely affect some location-based services’ functionality. Furthermore, it might make these services less efficient or even completely useless, especially when the receiver device has no SIM card or when the service requires a precision higher than three meters. As a solution to this issue, this study designs, develops, and evaluates a prototype location-based system that uses Bluetooth Low Energy beacons for short-range positioning in outdoor environments as a GPS alternative. The proposed system is a game that includes navigational tasks, which can be accomplished by reaching the proximity of two meters from the beacon’s location. The study involved conducting an experiment outdoors with a focus on areas where GPS signals are degraded to assess our proposed system’s efficiency and feasibility compared to the usage of GPS. The results proved BLE beacons’ ability to provide better positioning results than GPS, not only in terms of accuracy but also in terms of stability of positioning results over time. Based on the findings, the study outlines a set of guidelines to be considered in choosing a suitable positioning technology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outdoors positioning"

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Maghdid, Halgurd. "Hybridisation of GNSS with other wireless/sensors technologies onboard smartphones to offer seamless outdoors-indoors positioning for LBS applications." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2015. http://bear.buckingham.ac.uk/163/.

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Location-based services (LBS) are becoming an important feature on today’s smartphones (SPs) and tablets. Likewise, SPs include many wireless/sensors technologies such as: global navigation satellite system (GNSS), cellular, wireless fidelity (WiFi), Bluetooth (BT) and inertial-sensors that increased the breadth and complexity of such services. One of the main demand of LBS users is always/seamless positioning service. However, no single onboard SPs technology can seamlessly provide location information from outdoors into indoors. In addition, the required location accuracy can be varied to support multiple LBS applications. This is mainly due to each of these onboard wireless/sensors technologies has its own capabilities and limitations. For example, when outdoors GNSS receivers on SPs can locate the user to within few meters and supply accurate time to within few nanoseconds (e.g. ± 6 nanoseconds). However, when SPs enter into indoors this capability would be lost. In another vain, the other onboard wireless/sensors technologies can show better SP positioning accuracy, but based on some pre-defined knowledge and pre-installed infrastructure. Therefore, to overcome such limitations, hybrid measurements of these wireless/sensors technologies into a positioning system can be a possible solution to offer seamless localisation service and to improve location accuracy. This thesis aims to investigate/design/implement solutions that shall offer seamless/accurate SPs positioning and at lower cost than the current solutions. This thesis proposes three novel SPs localisation schemes including WAPs synchronisation/localisation scheme, SILS and UNILS. The schemes are based on hybridising GNSS with WiFi, BT and inertial-sensors measurements using combined localisation techniques including time-of-arrival (TOA) and dead-reckoning (DR). The first scheme is to synchronise and to define location of WAPs via outdoors-SPs’ fixed location/time information to help indoors localisation. SILS is to help locate any SP seamlessly as it goes from outdoors to indoors using measurements of GNSS, synched/located WAPs and BT-connectivity signals between groups of cooperated SPs in the vicinity. UNILS is to integrate onboard inertial-sensors’ readings into the SILS to provide seamless SPs positioning even in deep indoors, i.e. when the signals of WAPs or BT-anchors are considered not able to be used. Results, obtained from the OPNET simulations for various SPs network size and indoors/outdoors combinations scenarios, show that the schemes can provide seamless and locate indoors-SPs under 1 meter in near-indoors, 2-meters can be achieved when locating SPs at indoors (using SILS), while accuracy of around 3-meters can be achieved when locating SPs at various deep indoors situations without any constraint (using UNILS). The end of this thesis identifies possible future work to implement the proposed schemes on SPs and to achieve more accurate indoors SPs’ location.
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Ljungzell, Erik. "Multipath-assisted Single-anchor Outdoor Positioning in Urban Environments." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149051.

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An important aspect of upcoming fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication systems is to improve the accuracy with which user equipments can be positioned. Accurately knowing the position of a user equipment is becoming increasingly important for a wide range of applications, such as automation in industry, drones, and the internet of things. Contrary to how existing techniques for outdoor cellular positioning deal with multipath propagation, in this study the aim is to use, rather than mitigate, the multipath propagation prevalent in dense urban environments. It is investigated whether it is possible to position a user equipment using only a single transmitting base station, by exploiting position-related information in multipath components inherent in the received signal. Two algorithms are developed: one classical point-estimation algorithm using a grid search to find the cost function-minimizing position, and one Bayesian filtering algorithm using a point-mass filter. Both algorithms make use of BEZT, a set of 3D propagation models developed by Ericsson Research, to predict propagation paths. A model of the signal received by a user equipment is formulated for use in the positioning algorithms. In addition to the signal model, the algorithms also require a digital map of the propagation environment. The algorithms are evaluated first on synthetic measurements, generated using BEZT, and then on real-world measurements. For both the synthetic and real-world measurement sets, the Bayesian point-mass filter outperforms the classical algorithm. It is observed how, given synthetic measurements, the algorithms yield better estimates in non-line-of-sight regions than in regions where the user equipment has line-of-sight to the transmitting base station. Unfortunately, these results do not generalize well to the real-world measurements, where, overall, neither algorithm is able to provide reliable and robust position estimates. However, as multipath-assisted positioning, to the best of our knowledge, has not been used for outdoor cellular positioning before, there are plenty of algorithm extensions, modifications, and problem aspects left to be studied - some of which are discussed in the concluding chapters.
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McKenzie, James Michael. "The use of GPS to predict energy expenditure for outdoor walking." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/mckenzie/McKenzieJ0507.pdf.

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Rea, Anthony Thomas. "Wild Country Hall : children's learning at a residential outdoor education centre." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/480.

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This thesis is about learning at a residential outdoor education centre [pseudonym:- Wild Country Hall]. It poses and answers three questions: • How useful might discursive positioning be as a perspective on learning? • What are the discourses at Wild Country Hall and how are they different to schooling discourses? • How might neo-Liberal discursive practices, including performativity and current schooling orthodoxies have affected the pedagogic practices at this centre? The review of literature provides an overview of the key literature on outdoor, adventure and experiential learning, considering these through the lenses of learning as acquisition, participation and transformation, before discussing the literature on the discursive positioning of identity. Literature on the discursive practices of outdoor centres is then considered in relation to literature on neo-Liberalism and performativity in schools. The methodology is ethnographic. Participant observations were conducted over a period of five years whilst children were participating in both the organised adventure activities and the residential life of the centre. Searches of the centre’s documentary archives, and follow up interviews with 22 children (aged eight to 11) and three adults were used to add richness to the observational data, and especially to better understand reported participant gains. Analysis was undertaken by coding themes in the data using QSR NVivo N6. The findings suggest that acquisitional and participatory perspectives on learning are not totally adequate for explaining the reported changes in outlook and behaviour of the children who took part in the research. These benefits may be more usefully conceptualised as discursively re-positioned identity. It is suggested that the perspective on learning as discursive positioning may be usefully employed by those studying residential outdoor education in the future. The findings show a number of over-arching discourses that dominate the life of Wild Country Hall. These include place - including the appreciation, care of and respect for nature, the sense of awe and wonder, understanding and protecting the environment – risk, challenge and adventure; and consequent confidence and resilience building by children through facing and over-coming their fears. Whilst some of these fears are linked to the adventure activities of the centre (such as fears of heights, water), other fears are associated with the residential nature of the centre; encountering and coping with homesickness, living with new people, encountering strange customs and unfamiliar social practices. So important were these unfamiliar discourses to the participating children that they may be looked upon as ‘rites of passage’. The findings suggest that encountering unfamiliar discourses may explain the efficacy of learning at Wild Country Hall. Some of the pedagogic practices at Wild Country Hall were found to valorise what may be described as ‘classroom discourses’, and these have tended to formalise learning at the centre. It is suggested, therefore, that this outdoor centre has been influenced by performativity and classroom orthodoxy, themselves shaped by neo-Liberal agenda. These influences may be narrowing the range of discourses available and limiting the centre’s continuing ability to provide unfamiliar discourses, possibly to the detriment of children’s learning. The conclusion makes a number of recommendations for policy practice and research. Recommendations for policy and practice focus on the narrowing tendencies observed at this centre, suggesting shifts in policy to retain the distinctiveness of outdoor education centres. Recommendations for research suggest that follow-up studies would be useful to test the findings in other outdoor centres and other areas of learning, whilst more methodological work could be done on memory and data research sites where contemporaneous notation and digital recording may be difficult or impossible.
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Jaroš, Martin. "Návrh marketingové strategie značky Schwarzwolf outdoor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223075.

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The thesis describes a proposal of iMi Partner, a.s. marketing strategies for entering new markets with Schwarzwolf outdoor brand. The proposal section contains a summary measure for the achievement of expanding the product into new markets and for strengthening the brand. The proposed section is preceded by a strategic analysis of external and internal environment of the company. Part of this work is devoted to the marketing as its theoretical starting point.
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Malekzadeh, Masoud. "Positioning of outdoor space in house design : an energy efficiency and thermal comfort perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10301.

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The present thesis is primarily motivated by the will to provide help for decisionmaking on the overall layout of a house or a housing development in the very early stages of design from the point of view of energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This study contributes towards a deeper understanding of thermal interactions between a house and its adjacent enclosed open spaces. It addresses the contribution of the yard design, i.e. placement, size and type towards the development of a comfortable microclimate within the yard itself, as well as the reduction of total energy demands of the house for mechanical heating and cooling. The focus is put on the applicability of the results and findings are expressed in form of a decision-making aid. This research also makes empirical and analytical assessments on the validity of some existing methods and tools that are used for understanding the nature of microclimates in small scales and proposes methods for their improvement, particularly when used in conjunction with standard tools for the assessment of indoor climates. These methods are also demonstrated through an exemplary application in an archetypal setting and the results of the exemplary case are analysed to reach a decision on the most advisable design layouts for the buildings in the example. As a result, this work emphasises on the importance of private outdoor spaces and how their careful design can benefit occupiers, investors and the environment.
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Fellows, Lindsey Kilgour. "Gender, outdoor physical activity and fear : the social and cultural positioning of risk in visual discourses." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431308.

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Moreno, Córdova Daniel Antonio. "CAMPOS: A context-aware model for positioning in outdoor environments that supports loosely coupled mobile activities." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145989.

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Doctor en Ciencias, Mención Computación
En escenarios ubicuos, conocer la posición de un dispositivo es imperativo para proveer al usuario de servicios personalizados basados en location awareness, un aspecto de diseño clave en la mayoría de las aplicaciones ubicuas que dependiente de las capacidades de los dispositivos para sentir cambios en su ambiente de trabajo. No existe una solución que aborde todos los tipos de posicionamiento, pues distintos tipos de aplicaciones requieren información de posicionamiento variada en términos de exactitud, precisión, complejidad, escalabilidad, y costo. En escenarios ubicuos estándar, suele más de una estrategia de posicionamiento disponible, pero en general los dispositivos móviles no son capaces de determinar cuál es la más adecuada dado el contexto de trabajo del usuario. Además, este contexto está en constante cambio a medida que el usuario se mueve, perdiéndose conexiones a ciertos elementos del ambiente y ganándose otras. Aunque existen soluciones que abordan el posicionamiento en escenarios específicos de manera efectiva, hacerlo tomando en cuenta la mayoría de estos escenarios sigue siendo un problema abierto. La propuesta presentada en esta tesis es un modelo de posicionamiento sensible al contexto (CAMPOS), que permite a dispositivos que realizan actividades débilmente acopladas en escenarios ad-hoc al aire libre, elegir estrategias de posicionamiento adecuadas a su contexto, basado en variables contextuales predefinidas. El modelo elabora un "catálogo" de estrategias disponibles y los puntos de referencia, usando las variables contextuales como entrada para un clasificador RandomForest, el cual determina un orden de idoneidad para las estrategias de posicionamiento, lo que permite acceder a estrategias ajustadas al contexto del usuario. CAMPOS fue diseñado usando una metodología iterativa basada en casos de estudio. Primero, se realizó una revisión de literatura para determinar umbrales y valores promedio iniciales para las métricas y variables del modelo. Luego, se implementaron dos conjuntos de simulaciones; el primero para experimentar con distintos escenarios y configuraciones de dispositivos; y el segundo para evaluar el rendimiento del modelo. La batería de pruebas incluyó 27 plantillas de escenario, ejecutadas 15 veces para un total de 405 experimentos. Las variables observadas incluyen el efecto de variar la cantidad de beacons (dispositivos con capacidad de posicionamiento), la cantidad total de dispositivos, y el rango de comunicación. Todos los experimentos presentados en este trabajo se realizaron utilizando el ns-3, un simulador de redes de eventos discretos orientado a la investigación. El aporte de CAMPOS reside en que no es una nueva propuesta de estrategia de posicionamiento, ni busca mejorar el estado del arte en términos de precisión. En vez de ello, proporciona a los dispositivos de una red los medios para censar su entorno y determinar qué estrategia de posicionamiento es más adecuada para su contexto. Además, dado que CAMPOS es independiente del proceso formal de posicionamiento, si apareciesen nuevas estrategias de posicionamiento en el futuro, éstas podrían añadirse a CAMPOS con relativa facilidad, permitiendo que los dispositivos potencialmente tengan acceso a dichas estrategias a través del modelo.
El trabajo presentado en esta tesis ha sido financiado por el Programa de Becas NIC Chile, y parcialmente por Fondecyt (Chile), Proyecto 1150252
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Gutiérrez, Enrique García. "Outdoor localization system based on Android and ZigBee capable devices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5353.

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Context. Localization and positioning services are nowadays very extended and the growth is still continuing. Many places already provide wireless tracking systems to monitor the people or material movements, specially indoors. The new arising ZigBee wireless technology provides an efficient network management and a low battery consumption, making it appropriate for location purposes in portable devices like mobile phones. Objectives. The aim is to locate a ZigBee device located inside a golf ball that has been lost within an outdoors area. An Android phone connected to a ZigBee device via USB will serve as coordinator of the localization network and by giving on-screen instructions and guidance provided by the conceptual Decision Support System (DSS). Methods. The measurement used in the localization process is the Received Signal Strength (RSS). With this data, the distance between the sensors can be estimated. However to obtain an accurate position several readings from different sensors might be needed. This paper tests the precision levels of the ZigBee modules varying the number of sensors in the localization network and using the triangulation method. Results. The precision is the main variable measured in the results, which reaches distance variation of less than 1 meter in cases where the triangulation approach can be applied. For the localization process, the use of less than three sensors lead to very poor results, obtaining a wrong localization in around 30\% of the cases. Also, movement patterns were discovered to improve the localization process. All this data can be used as an input for the DSS for future improvements. Conclusions. This study proves that outdoor positioning with ZigBee devices is possible if the required level of precision is not very high. However, more studies concerning localization with less than three sensors have to be conducted to try to reach the goal of one-on-one localization. This study opens the door for further investigations in this matter.
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Townshend, Andrew Douglas. "The modulation of outdoor running speed : the influence of gradient." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35748/1/Andrew_Townshend_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis aimed to investigate the way in which distance runners modulate their speed in an effort to understand the key processes and determinants of speed selection when encountering hills in natural outdoor environments. One factor which has limited the expansion of knowledge in this area has been a reliance on the motorized treadmill which constrains runners to constant speeds and gradients and only linear paths. Conversely, limits in the portability or storage capacity of available technology have restricted field research to brief durations and level courses. Therefore another aim of this thesis was to evaluate the capacity of lightweight, portable technology to measure running speed in outdoor undulating terrain. The first study of this thesis assessed the validity of a non-differential GPS to measure speed, displacement and position during human locomotion. Three healthy participants walked and ran over straight and curved courses for 59 and 34 trials respectively. A non-differential GPS receiver provided speed data by Doppler Shift and change in GPS position over time, which were compared with actual speeds determined by chronometry. Displacement data from the GPS were compared with a surveyed 100m section, while static positions were collected for 1 hour and compared with the known geodetic point. GPS speed values on the straight course were found to be closely correlated with actual speeds (Doppler shift: r = 0.9994, p < 0.001, Δ GPS position/time: r = 0.9984, p < 0.001). Actual speed errors were lowest using the Doppler shift method (90.8% of values within ± 0.1 m.sec -1). Speed was slightly underestimated on a curved path, though still highly correlated with actual speed (Doppler shift: r = 0.9985, p < 0.001, Δ GPS distance/time: r = 0.9973, p < 0.001). Distance measured by GPS was 100.46 ± 0.49m, while 86.5% of static points were within 1.5m of the actual geodetic point (mean error: 1.08 ± 0.34m, range 0.69-2.10m). Non-differential GPS demonstrated a highly accurate estimation of speed across a wide range of human locomotion velocities using only the raw signal data with a minimal decrease in accuracy around bends. This high level of resolution was matched by accurate displacement and position data. Coupled with reduced size, cost and ease of use, the use of a non-differential receiver offers a valid alternative to differential GPS in the study of overground locomotion. The second study of this dissertation examined speed regulation during overground running on a hilly course. Following an initial laboratory session to calculate physiological thresholds (VO2 max and ventilatory thresholds), eight experienced long distance runners completed a self- paced time trial over three laps of an outdoor course involving uphill, downhill and level sections. A portable gas analyser, GPS receiver and activity monitor were used to collect physiological, speed and stride frequency data. Participants ran 23% slower on uphills and 13.8% faster on downhills compared with level sections. Speeds on level sections were significantly different for 78.4 ± 7.0 seconds following an uphill and 23.6 ± 2.2 seconds following a downhill. Speed changes were primarily regulated by stride length which was 20.5% shorter uphill and 16.2% longer downhill, while stride frequency was relatively stable. Oxygen consumption averaged 100.4% of runner’s individual ventilatory thresholds on uphills, 78.9% on downhills and 89.3% on level sections. Group level speed was highly predicted using a modified gradient factor (r2 = 0.89). Individuals adopted distinct pacing strategies, both across laps and as a function of gradient. Speed was best predicted using a weighted factor to account for prior and current gradients. Oxygen consumption (VO2) limited runner’s speeds only on uphill sections, and was maintained in line with individual ventilatory thresholds. Running speed showed larger individual variation on downhill sections, while speed on the level was systematically influenced by the preceding gradient. Runners who varied their pace more as a function of gradient showed a more consistent level of oxygen consumption. These results suggest that optimising time on the level sections after hills offers the greatest potential to minimise overall time when running over undulating terrain. The third study of this thesis investigated the effect of implementing an individualised pacing strategy on running performance over an undulating course. Six trained distance runners completed three trials involving four laps (9968m) of an outdoor course involving uphill, downhill and level sections. The initial trial was self-paced in the absence of any temporal feedback. For the second and third field trials, runners were paced for the first three laps (7476m) according to two different regimes (Intervention or Control) by matching desired goal times for subsections within each gradient. The fourth lap (2492m) was completed without pacing. Goals for the Intervention trial were based on findings from study two using a modified gradient factor and elapsed distance to predict the time for each section. To maintain the same overall time across all paced conditions, times were proportionately adjusted according to split times from the self-paced trial. The alternative pacing strategy (Control) used the original split times from this initial trial. Five of the six runners increased their range of uphill to downhill speeds on the Intervention trial by more than 30%, but this was unsuccessful in achieving a more consistent level of oxygen consumption with only one runner showing a change of more than 10%. Group level adherence to the Intervention strategy was lowest on downhill sections. Three runners successfully adhered to the Intervention pacing strategy which was gauged by a low Root Mean Square error across subsections and gradients. Of these three, the two who had the largest change in uphill-downhill speeds ran their fastest overall time. This suggests that for some runners the strategy of varying speeds systematically to account for gradients and transitions may benefit race performances on courses involving hills. In summary, a non – differential receiver was found to offer highly accurate measures of speed, distance and position across the range of human locomotion speeds. Self-selected speed was found to be best predicted using a weighted factor to account for prior and current gradients. Oxygen consumption limited runner’s speeds only on uphills, speed on the level was systematically influenced by preceding gradients, while there was a much larger individual variation on downhill sections. Individuals were found to adopt distinct but unrelated pacing strategies as a function of durations and gradients, while runners who varied pace more as a function of gradient showed a more consistent level of oxygen consumption. Finally, the implementation of an individualised pacing strategy to account for gradients and transitions greatly increased runners’ range of uphill-downhill speeds and was able to improve performance in some runners. The efficiency of various gradient-speed trade- offs and the factors limiting faster downhill speeds will however require further investigation to further improve the effectiveness of the suggested strategy.
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Books on the topic "Outdoors positioning"

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Letham, Lawrence. GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. 2nd ed. Calgary, Alta: Rocky Mountain Books, 1998.

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GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. 4th ed. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2003.

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GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. 3rd ed. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 2001.

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GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 1995.

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GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. 2nd ed. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 1998.

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GPS made easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the outdoors. 5th ed. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.

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Hawkins, Pete. Navigating with a GPS: Effective skills for the outdoors. Milnthorpe: Cicerone, 2008.

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Cool maps & geocaching: Great things to do in the great outdoors. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Abdo Publishing, 2016.

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Michael, Ferguson. GPS Land Navigation: A Complete Guidebook for Backcountry Users of the NAVSTAR Satellite System. Boise, Idaho: Glassford Publishing, 1997.

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McNamara, Joel. GPS For Dummies®. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Outdoors positioning"

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Steinhoff, Ulrich, Dušan Omerčević, Roland Perko, Bernt Schiele, and Aleš Leonardis. "How Computer Vision Can Help in Outdoor Positioning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 124–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76652-0_8.

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Chen, Ruizhi, and Liang Chen. "Smartphone-Based Indoor Positioning Technologies." In Urban Informatics, 467–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_26.

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AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have achieved great success in providing localization information in outdoor open areas. However, due to the weakness of the signal, GNSS signals cannot be received well indoors. Currently, indoor positioning plays a significant role in many areas, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), but given the complexity of indoor spaces and topology, it is still challenging to achieve an accurate, effective, full coverage and real-time positioning solution indoors. With the development of information technology, the smartphone has become more and more popular. With a large number of sensors embedded in smartphones, it is thus possible to achieve low cost, continuity, and high usability for indoor positioning. In this chapter, we focus on indoor positioning technologies with smartphones, and in particular, emphasize the technologies based on radio frequency (RF) and built-in sensors. The pros and cons of the technologies are reviewed and discussed in the context of different applications. Moreover, the challenges of indoor positioning are pointed out and the directions for the future development of this area are discussed.
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Ha, Namkoo, and Kijun Han. "Positioning Method for Outdoor Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Computer and Information Sciences – ISCIS 2006, 783–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11902140_82.

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Im, Taeyu, and Pradipta De. "User-Assisted OCR on Outdoor Images for Approximate Positioning." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1419–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0557-2_135.

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Xu, Ying, Hong Yuan, Dongyan Wei, Qifeng Lai, Xiaoguang Zhang, and Weina Hao. "Research on Multi-Source Fusion Based Seamless Indoor/Outdoor Positioning Technology." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 819–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46632-2_71.

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Wang, Kailong, Huixia Li, and Hang Guo. "Research on Positioning Accuracy of Indoor and Outdoor Pedestrian Seamless Navigation." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 355–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51103-6_32.

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Dvorak, Miroslav, and Petr Dolezel. "Comparison Two of Different Technologies for Outdoor Positioning of Robotic Vehicles." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 90–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19807-7_10.

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Chiang, Kai Wei, Guang-Je Tsai, and Jhih Cing Zeng. "Mobile Mapping Technologies." In Urban Informatics, 439–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_25.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the historic development as well as the latest progress of mobile mapping systems. First, mobile mapping technologies, including the introduction of positioning and mapping sensors, and how they can be integrated together, are briefly reviewed. Then the development of land-based, aerial, marine, and mobile portable mapping platforms is presented. The latest progress in mobile-mapping technologies is further discussed, along with sensor fusion schemes, seamless indoor and outdoor mapping strategies, and disaster response applications. In addition, this chapter explores future and potential applications, such as high-definition (HD) maps and autonomous mapping with autonomous systems.
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Xia, Bing-sen, Zhao-zheng Zhou, Zhang-huang Zhang, Yang Li, and Jia Yu. "Indoor and Outdoor Fusion Positioning and Security Technology Based on Beidou Satellite." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 153–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3150-4_14.

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Liu, Cheng, Huli Shi, Ziping Lv, and Zhongliang Deng. "Study on the Coordinate Reference Frame of the Indoor/Outdoor Seamless Positioning System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 653–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29187-6_64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Outdoors positioning"

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Garcia-Requejo, A., M. C. Perez-Rubio, J. M. Villadangos, D. Gualda, and A. Hernandez. "Positioning Android Devices in Large Indoor Spaces and Transitioning to Outdoors by Sensor Fusion." In 2021 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin51156.2021.9662536.

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Xianjia, Yu, Li Qingqing, Jorge Pena Queralta, Jukka Heikkonen, and Tomi Westerlund. "Cooperative UWB-Based Localization for Outdoors Positioning and Navigation of UAVs aided by Ground Robots." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Systems (ICAS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icas49788.2021.9551177.

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Janssen, Thomas, Michiel Aernouts, Rafael Berkvens, and Maarten Weyn. "Outdoor Fingerprinting Localization Using Sigfox." In 2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2018.8533826.

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Moreno, Daniel, Sergio F. Ochoa, and Roc Meseguer. "Providing Ubiquitous Positioning in Outdoor Environments." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.229.

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Hansen, René, Christian S. Jensen, Bent Thomsen, and Rico Wind. "Seamless indoor/outdoor positioning with streamspin." In 5th International ICST Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services. ICST, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.mobiquitous2008.4080.

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Kuang, Wanjing, Mengting Zhang, Wenrui Li, Caiyun Chen, and Minghua Xia. "3D Outdoor Positioning Based on RSSI." In 2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555599.

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Liu, Bing, and Fu Liu. "Positioning Analysis of Urban Outdoor Advertising." In International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations (ICEMI). Volkson Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icemi.01.2017.415.416.

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Adell, Marc Ciurana, and Jesus Pablo Gonzalez. "Smart indoor-outdoor positioning handover for smartphones." In 2013 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipin.2013.6817892.

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Juhong Liu, O. Wolfson, and Huabei Yin. "Extracting Semantic Location from Outdoor Positioning Systems." In 7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdm.2006.87.

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Karlekar, Jayashree, Steven ZhiYing Zhou, Weiquan Lu, Zhi Chang Loh, Yuta Nakayama, and Daniel Hii. "Positioning, tracking and mapping for outdoor augmentation." In 2010 9th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismar.2010.5643567.

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